In game theory, the price of anarchy framework studies efficiency loss in decentralized environments. Optimization and decision theory, on the other hand, explore tradeoffs between optimality and robustness in the case of single-agent decision making under uncertainty. What happens when we combine both approaches? We examine connections between the efficiency loss due to decentralization and the efficiency loss due to uncertainty and establish tight performance guarantees for distributed systems in uncertain environments. We present applications based on novel variants of atomic congestion games with uncertain costs, for which we provide tight performance bounds under a wide range of risk attitudes. Our results establish that the individual's attitude toward uncertainty has a critical effect on system performance and therefore should be a subject of close and systematic investigation.


The full extent of the devastation caused by the earthquake on 12 January in Haiti has yet to be assessed, but some first responders believe it could be the worst natural disaster in recent years.

The International Federation of the Red Cross estimates that over three million people have been affected by the 7.2 magnitude quake, which struck the most populated area of the country and has laid waste to most of the capital, Port au Prince.

The federation says the most urgent needs at this time are "search and rescue, field hospitals, emergency health, water purification, emergency shelter, logistics and telecommunications."

Oxfam …


According to the real time characteristics of networked control systems, a typical system architecture based on CAN network is proposed. Software and hardware architectures are implemented. In terms of priority scheduling theory, dynamic priority scheduling strategies is researched. Moreover, a new dynamic priority scheduling of CAN messages is proposed. Response time and network payload under static and dynamic priority scheduling are compared. The test results show that design and scheduling methods based networked control systems can efficiently improve the flexibility of system and guarantee the real-time performance of system.


Sutton and Obst (2011, xvi) suggest that international partnership activity may be seen on a continuum from "transactional" to "transformational", with the latter referring to partnership arrangements that transcend the original purpose, having the power to transform organisations, individuals and communities through the generation of common goals, projects and products. This is part of the moral responsibility of higher education in the 21st century, as to see partnership activity simply as an economic exchange reinforces a colonialist perspective and limits mutual growth and development (Hudson and Mayo 2012). This is a significant area for research with international perspectives converging to inform the nature and purpose of partnership development in higher education.


19 cases of middle lobe hepatectomy were analysised in this article. Orientation of marking middle lobe, methods of bleeding control,and management of remaining liverwere studied. The conclusion are: ①orientation the middle lobe of liver by Bultrosound inoperation is a simple but effective method; ②no bleeding mehtod of hepatectomy may significantly decrease the losing blood ;③incision and drainage in common bile duct may be faverable to do the operation and be benifitial to the healing of remain liver.


Semiconductor manufacturing has become a global business, in which companies of different size unite in virtual enterprises to meet new opportunities. Therefore Mask manufacturing is a key business, but mask ordering is a complex process and is always critical regarding design to market time, even though mask complexity and customer base are increasing using a wide variety of different mask order forms which are frequently faulty and very seldom complete. This is effectively blocking agile manufacturing and can tie wafer fabs to a single mask The goal of the project is elimination of the order verification through paperless, electronically linked information sharing/exchange between chip design, mask production and production stages, which will allow automation of the mask preparation. To cover these new techniques and their specifications as well as the common ones with automated tools a special generic Meta-model will be generated, based on the current standards for mask specifications, including the requirements from the involved partners (Alcatel Microelectronics, Altis, Compugraphics, Infineon, Nimble, Sigma-C), the project works out a pre-normative standard. The paper presents the current status of work. This work is partly funded by the Commission of the European Union under the Fifth Framework project IST-1999-10332 AutoMOPS.


BACKGROUND
Waxy maize (Zea mays L. sinensis Kulesh) suffers short-term exposure to high temperature during grain filling in southern China. The effects of such exposure are poorly understood.

RESULTS
Starch granule size was increased by 5 days' short-term heat stress (35.0 °C) and the increase was higher when the stress was introduced early. Heat stress increased the iodine binding capacity of starches and no difference was observed among the three stages. Starch relative crystallinity was increased and swelling power was decreased only when heat stress was introduced early. Heat stress also increased the pasting viscosity, and this effect became more pronounced with later applications of stress. Heat stress reduced starch gelatinization enthalpy, and the reduction gradually increased with later exposures. Heat stress increased the gelatinization temperature and retrogradation enthalpy and percentage of the samples, with the increases being largest with earlier introduction of high temperature.

CONCLUSION
Heat stress increased the pasting viscosities and retrogradation percentage of starch by causing change in granule size, amylopectin chain length distribution and crystallinity, and the effects observed were more severe with earlier introduction of heat stress after pollination. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.


Radio propagation in mines and most tunnels by natural means is not adequate for general use, ranges so achieved usually being limited to a-few hundred metres at the most. In this work the transmission-line principle for artificially propagating very-high-frequency (VHF) radio signals through such environments has been studied experimentally and theoretically, and has been developed to allow practical communication over any desired distance in coal mines and other tunnels.

The external coupling mechanisms of the two main types of transmission line through their normal imperfections have in particular been investigated, considering especially the extent to which these imperfections themselves may be usefully controlled. Guiding principles have been established for optimizing the choices of line and frequency for any given application.

Methods of extending the basic range by judicious branching and networking are then examined, together with the use of active devices - line repeaters and multiple base stations - to increase the coverage further to any desired extent; these techniques themselves introduce problems which in turn are treated.

Finally, a description is given of an engineered system based on the principles developed. This has been in operational use for over two years, and a production version is being installed in a number of British mines.

Although the principles described are applicable to all kinds of tunnel, and to some extent surface applications also, the main emphasis has been on coal mines; the question of intrinsic safety of equipment is here important, and has influenced both the conduct of the experimental work and the design of the final equipment.


⋅Received:14 May 2018 ⋅Revised:31 May 2018 ⋅Accepted:14 June 2018 ⋅Correspondence to:박영재(Young-Jae Park) Department of Human Informatics of Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung-Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea Tel:+82-2-440-7229, Fax:+82-2-440-7242, E-mail:email@example.com A Pilot Study on the Association between Iris parameters and 8 Constitutional Medicine : Retrospective Chart Review


Novel monolithic multilayered coupling structures are presented, and their performances are analyzed. These structures have reduced current crowding at their conductor edges compared to coplanar-type coupling structures, and are particularly suitable for integration with multidielectric MMICs. The closed-form analytical expressions for the coupler's even and odd mode impedances and coupling coefficients derived using conformal mapping techniques are presented. These direct formulas have the advantage of being well suited for the computer aided design analysis of MMICs without the need for lengthy numerical modeling techniques. >


This paper contributes to a better understanding of the home exchange phenomenon by considering the historical development of the home exchange intermediation processes, membership profiles and the role of the media. The Internet has enabled a more interactive process and facilitated home exchange kernels which, by the way they are organised, allow a degree of self-organisation. Processes of specialisation and differentiation change the home exchange intermediation landscape.


Many NZ national household surveys have a requirement to produce statistics with adequate precision both for the whole of NZ and for important subpopulations, particularly the Maori and Pacific populations. This project developed strategies for sampling subpopulations including: • Optimal allocations for two-stage sampling with screening for subpopulations; • comparison of the Maori electoral roll compared to ethnicity measured by the NZ Health Survey; • the effect of inter-censal mobility on ethnicity benchmarks based on the NZ Census; • the accuracy of proxy screening for ethnicity in the NZ Health Survey.


This paper presents the development of an ontology that supports design engineers in the conceptualisation of new industrial products by providing graphic visual searches on the Internet. To this end, the latest developments in the field of the semantic web are presented, focusing on application and business services and the various ontological criteria used. Finally, this paper shows the theoretical basis of a proposed ontology that creates a test environment in which designers and product engineers can find references during the conceptual phase of engineering design.


In the present work we study the hadron-quark phase transition with boson condensation in asymmetric matter by investigating the binodal surface and extending it to finite temperature to mimic the QCD phase diagram. We consider a system with two conserved charges (isospin and baryon densities) using the Gibbs' criteria for phase equilibrium. To obtain these conditions we use two different models for the two possible phases, namely, the nonlinear Walecka model (NLWM) for the hadron matter (also including hyperons) and the MIT bag model for the quark phase. It is shown that the phase transition is very sensitive to the density dependence of the equation of state and the symmetry energy. For an isospin asymmetry of 0.2 and a mixed phase with a fraction of 20% of quarks, a transition density in the interval 2{rho}{sub 0}<{rho}{sub t}<4{rho}{sub 0} was obtained for temperatures 30


LY171883 is an orally active antagonist of leukotriene (LT) D4 and LTE4. A series of related compounds varying the position and nature of the alkyl side chain were synthesized and evaluated for their ability to block LTD4-induced contraction of guinea pig ileum. Maximal activity was obtained with n-propyl, n-butyl, and n-pentyl substituents with slightly reduced activity for longer side chains. Polar groups on the side chain substantially reduced activity. Thus, it appears that the leukotriene receptor site requires a nonpolar alkyl group of moderate size at the 3-position on this type of receptor antagonist.


A method that implements low-speed playback of a recorded digital broadcast program in a digital broadcast receiver, comprising the steps of (a) decoding and outputting a received broadcast program consisting of MPEG-encoded I-, P-, and B-pictures, simultaneously recording the received broadcast program, (b) responsive to a request for low-speed playback, extracting only I- and P-pictures from the recorded program and creating alternative pictures for B-pictures, beginning from the start position of the requested playback, (c) inserting intermediate pictures between the pictures in step (b), the number of the created intermediate pictures depending on the requested playback speed, and (d) decoding and outputting the stream of the pictures including the inserted intermediate pictures. The method in accordance with the present invention provides several advantages such as reduced computations and smooth slow motions at very low playback speeds.


Methods:The optimum macroporous resin and process were optimized for the purification of total ficus carica polysaccharide(FCPS). Methods: The static adsorption and separation were used in investigation of macroporous adsorption resin, the dynamic adsorption and separation were used in studying the condition of adsorption and separation. Results: The operation parameters on absorption and elution were established. The density and optimum technological conditions were followed: wining up velocity 2mL/min(column volume 30mm×300mm),pH 8,the density of NaCl 0.03mg/mL.Conclusion:The results showed that the AB-8 was the best for adsorbing and separating, and it serves as a good reference for the purification process of the total FCPS. Therefore, the above technique is suitable to industrial production.


Traditional distribution networks have radial and unidirectional topology. The protection system of these networks is based on time and current coordination of overcurrent protection devices, which are negatively affected by DGs. The coordination of these devices is the most important issue of the protection system. DGs increase the voltage of faulted feeders at their connection point and cause the underreach in the time inverse characteristic of overcurrent protection devices. In this paper, a self- adaptive method for smart micro-grid is proposed, which compensates the underreached fault current seen by the relay. Therefore, there is no need to change the settings of protection devices for different operation conditions.


Although allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis can be associated with mucus plugs in the central bronchi, this association in the peripheral bronchi remains unclear. A 78‐year‐old woman presented with mucus plugs in both the peripheral and the central bronchi in the right lung, which evolved into consolidation with high‐attenuation mucus after one month.


The stator system vibration pattern of a large turbogenerator at various loads was investigated. Based on Hamilton canonical equation for the double shell model of turbogenerator stator system, and with actual rotor winding location considered, the vibration of a 200MW turbogenerator stator system at various output power was analyzed by employing the semi analytical solution, when lagging power factor cosφ equals 0.85. The vibration pattern presented in this paper can be used to diagnose whether or not the generator operates normally.


This article aims to determine how cooperatives in the South/Southwest region of Minas Gerais relate to the community where they operate. It is known that the concern for community development is implicit in the seventh cooperative principle "Concern for community." This principle states that cooperatives work for the sustainable development of their communities through policies approved by the members. Questionnaires were sent to 120 cooperatives affiliated to OCEMG. According to the survey results, it appears that the role of cooperatives in local development has not always been prioritized and cooperative education work with the membership would be a way to achieve commitment from members towards their organization. However, when analyzing the activities leading to cooperative education processes that these organizations undertake, they prove to be insufficient and isolated.


SummaryMetazoan parasite communities of two gobiids, Proterorhinus marmoratus and P. semilunaris, which are common small-sized fishes native for the Black Sea basin, were studied. The parasite component community of P. marmoratus is represented by 11 species (one monogenean, one cestode, five digeneans, two nematodes, and two acanthocephalans). P. semilunaris had 5 species (one monogenean, one cestode, one digenean, one nematode, and one acanthocephalan). Acanthocephaloides propinquus has a great tendency to join the infracommunity. The differences between the parasite component communities of two Proterorhinus gobies are explained by different quality of habitats and available intermediate hosts. The component community of parasites of P. marmoratus is formed by brackish-water and marine parasite species, and that of P. semilunaris consists of limnetic parasite species. The euryhaline G. proterorhini is the only parasite species found in both P. marmoratus and P. semilunaris. In both species of gobiids, the main abundant parasite species (A. propinquus in P. marmoratus and Nicolla skrjabini in P. semilunaris) infest the host by feeding on crustaceans.


Abstract To obtain genetic molecular markers, valuable for the explanation of intraspecific variability, we have sequenced and compared a region of the mitochondrial cytochrome b (Cyt‐b) of seven European eels, Anguilla anguilla (L.), from four different Italian sites. The alignment of the seven sequences shows the existence of 14 variable sites, due to nucleotidic substitutions which are evolutively neutral. Alignment of the A. anguilla Cyt‐b sequences with the corresponding sequences from A. rostrata and A. japonica (both available in the EMBL DNA database) identifies some interspecific differences. A phylogenetic analysis by the neighbour‐joining method clearly confirms the genetic separation and the monophyletic origin of the three species. Six and twenty base substitutions, which are common to all the samples of A. anguilla, can be diagnostic candidates for the interspecific differences of this species with A. rostrata and A. japonica, respectively.


The afila (af) mutation of Pisum sativum L. (pea) is characterised by leaves that are composed of a basal pair of stipules, a petiole and a branched mass of tendrils. These are bipinnate leaves in which the leaflet primordia are replaced by midrib-like, or terminal tendril, primordia. The phenotype was first reported as a spontaneous mutation in 1953, and several reports of spontaneously occurring af mutants and induced mutations have been published since then. Despite its wide-scale introgression to improve standing ability in combine-harvested dry pea crops, the molecular basis of af has remained unknown. Here, we show that the deletion of two tandemly-arrayed Q-type Cys(2)His(2)-zinc finger transcription factors, viz. PsPALM1a and PsPALM1b, is responsible for the af phenotype. Based on molecular evidence for the presence/absence of seven consecutive pea genes, we identified eight haplotypes in the genomic region of chromosome 2 that harbours af. These haplotypes differ in the presence or absence of PsPALM1a-b and close genes and in the size of the deletion. Representative cultivars and spontaneous or induced mutants were assigned to the different haplotypes. The hitherto unrecognised diversity at the af locus reveals highly rich, unexplored, potential for pea improvement and sheds light on the breeding history of pea. This knowledge can also be used to breed innovative cultivars in related crops.


This article studies the effect of managed care on health care utilization compared to traditional fee-for-service plans in private health insurance market. To construct our hypothesis, we build a game-theoretic model to study health care utilization under a two-sided moral hazard: of patients and providers. In econometric modeling, we employ a copula regression to jointly examine individuals' health plan choice and their utilization of medical care services, because of the endogeneity of insurance choice. The dependence parameter in the copula reflects the relation between the two outcomes, based on which the average treatment effects are further derived. We apply the methodology to a survey data set of the U.S. population and consider three types of curative care and three types of preventive care for the measurement of medical care utilization. We find that managed care is in general associated with higher care utilization. Evidence is also found on the underlying incentives of both patients and medical providers.


The damage of microbial corrosion of aircraft fuel tank is serious and even lead to perforation of oil spills and seriously endanger the personal safety.In this paper,micro-organisms for aviation kerosene were isolated and purified to study the types of microbes and microbial fungi and the corrosion mechanism to aircraft fuel tank,then put forward effective control measures.Studies show that microbial contamination of aviation kerosene by the main types of fungi,bacteria and actinomycetes cause pipeline plugging and corrosion perforation.


The goal of this paper is to present the software tool WebPIDDESIGN for complex management of PID controller design. This tool is suitable for those who need to design the PID controller for the simple closed-loop feedback in an effective and user-friendly way. As the WebPIDDESIGN interface has been currently placed on the Internet, the users may benefit from the simple utilization without the need of complex software and hardware requirements. The features of this tool determine its usability especially for educational purpose. Users of WebPIDDESIGN can reap the benefits of its online form, especially interactivity, information value, ease of use, and accessibility 24/7. This software includes system analysis and identification features, various PID controller design methods, closed loop simulations and evaluation of control quality. As a tool for education, it also provides appropriate theoretical background to specific control design and identification tasks, in such an extent that user is able to understand all performed tasks without an exhaustive effort.


This paper deals with the Bayesian estimation for the NLAR(1) model with Laplacian marginals. Assuming the independent uniform priors for two parameters of the NLAT(1) model, the griddy Gbbs sampler by Ritter and Tanner(1992) is used to obtain the Bayesian estimates. Random numbers generated form the uniform priors ate used as the grids for each parameter. Some simulations are conducted and compared with the maximum likelihood estimation result.


Extracting entities and relations, as a crucial part of many tasks in natural language processing, transforms the unstructured text information into structured information and provides corresponding data support for knowledge graph (KG) and knowledge vault (KV) construction. Nevertheless, the mainstream relation-extraction methods, the pipeline method and the joint method, ignore the dependency between the subject entity and the object entity. This work introduces a pre-trained BERT model and a dilated gated convolutional neural network (DGCNN) as an encoder to distinguish the long-range semantics representation from the input sequence. In addition, we propose a cross-attention neural network as a decoder to learn the importance of each subject word for each word of the input sequence. Experiments were undertaken with two extensive datasets, the New York Times Corpus (NYT) and WebNLG Corpus, and showed that our model performs significantly better than the CasRel model, outperforming the baseline by 1.9% and 0.7% absolute gain in terms of F1-score.


INTRODUCTION The Murray-Darling Basin (M-DB) (Fig. 1) spreads over 1 million km across five states: New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland, South Australia and the Australian Capital Territory, and is the food bowl of Australia. Although M-DB is only 14% of the land size of Australia, 70% of irrigation occurs here, and it is a major contributor to the Australian economy, accounting for more than 40% of national agricultural produce (M-DB Commission, MDBC, 2005). Agreed in 1995, the Cap (upper limit) on surface water diversions is central to the water management in M-DB. It is seen as an essential first step in establishing management systems to achieve healthy rivers and sustainable water use. The Cap will be replaced by sustainable diversion limits (SDL) on surface and groundwater under the proposed Basin Plan (M-DB Authority, MDBA, 2009).


The purpose of this paper is aimed to suggest strategies in treatingantisocial behavior in junior high school.Following the result of Wu &Huang's study(1996),the author discussed the issue from a broad,ecological social-learning perspective.The major goal of this study is to communicate and adapt the knowledge base for educators so that they can copewith the increase of aggressive students in our schools.Staff training anddevelopment,regarding the teaching social skills to delinguent youth andreducing their aggression,is also discussed.In this study,theoretical considerations led to the hypothesis thathelping the acting-out adolescence to express the emotional problems,andthen guiding them to reasonable thinking would improve anti-social behavior.The investigation was condicted with two samples of junior highschool student in Taipei.Eight incarcerated students from each schoolswere assigned to the Social Skills Group.All subjects were assessedbefore and after treatment on a variety of self-report scale,peermeasures,and teacher measures on Adolescent Social Behavior RatingScale(ASBRS)(Huang,1996).The social skills training program consistsof instructions,modeling,role playing,videotaped feedback and social reinforement etc.The effect of the training was examined in three dimensionswith these sixteen adloescent offenders.The pair t-test of difference scores for the pre-and post-measuresindicated thst participants in the Social Skills Group improived significantly in certain target behaviors.Results indicated that appropriate interpersonal skills were learnedm inappropriate behaviors were reduced,andsubjects' adjustment behaviors are improved.Although,teachers' ratingshowed no differences regardingthe effectiveness of the training program,it was found that subjects' certain adjustment performance(affression,altruism,and enthusiam),according to self-report scale and peers'measures,were improved.However,it revealed that certain academic learning skills were much harder to train.These findings confirmed thishypothesis.Finally,the significant result indicated that treatment had produced ameaningful impact on adjustment,although further behavior improvementwas still possible and desirable.Apparently,this empirical study can assistpersonnel in coping with this most difficult of behavior disorders.


Recently, several types of devices for the rear dynamic stabilization have been introduced as an alternative to fusion devices for the surgical treatment of lumbar spine degenerative or traumatic [1]. It is hypothesized that the use of elastic materials such as Nitinol can restore the stability of the lumbar spine without the adverse effects of the stress-shielding that are often found with the 'rigid devices' [2-5]. Many studies have shown that the devices made of elastic material can be able to maintain a kinematic behavior of the normal spine with the optimal load sharing between the front and posterior spinal elements [6,7]. Materials and Methods


There is no written grammar of Colloquial Israeli Hebrew whatsoever. This book is the first written grammar of the spontaneous language spoken in Israel that describes Colloquial Israeli Hebrew from a synchronic point of view, and that is not a text book based on normative Hebrew rules.


Key Words : laparoscopic repair; early return to work; peptic ulcer performation DOI: 10.3329/jcmcta.v21i2.7731 Journal of Chittagong Medical College Teachers' Association 2010: 21(2):16-20


Modern technologies offer nowadays a great variety of solutions for soil stabilization, as low- or high-pressure injections of fluid mixtures. There are many different products suitable for this purpose, depending on the properties of the soil to be treated: for sand, in particular, suspensions of nanoparticles, made available by modern industrial technologies, can be considered among the fluid mixtures potentially suitable for its treatment. This work presents the preliminary results of a wider study developed to verify the potential beneficial effects of the injection of natural based micro- and nano-materials on the mechanical properties of coarse-grained soils. To verify the improvement in sand strength, standard geotechnical tests, such as direct shear tests, were performed on soil samples before and after the injection of micro- and nano-particles of natural materials (sand, clay and graphite). The results proved that the injection in sand of a mixture of water and micro-sized sand improves the mechanical characteristics of the samples. By adding clay nanoparticles and graphene to this mixture the results showed an even greater increase in the shear strength. The results of this work proved that natural based micro- and nano-materials seems to have promising properties to become a competitive resource in the field of geotechnical engineering as soil stabilizers, as a valid alternative to widely used materials.


The article is devoted to a question of preconditions of introduction in the Western Siberia of the private country landed property in 1906-1914. The author uses a complex of archival sources for the first time entered in a scientific turn on the basis of which it is drawn a conclusion on readiness of peasantry for occurrence of a private property institution.


Taking the teaching reform of chemistry course of agricultural universities as object,according to the problems existed,the reform of the teaching concept,model and method are carried out.It is put forward that the multimedia teaching tools should be used to cultivate the interest of the students,and the teaching of basic courses and comprehensive experiment should be strengthened to promote the innovation quality of the students.


Tagore's novel Ghare Bhaire has historical significance when we look at it from nationalistic perspective. The Swadeshi movement predominantly began with the partition of Bengal by the Viceroy of India, Lord Curzon in 1905 and continued up to 1911. This was precisely the most successful of the Pre- Gandhian movements. MK Gandhi strategically focused on Swadeshi who described it as the Soul of Swaraj (Self-rule). The movement was officially announced on 7 August, 1905 at the famous Calcutta Town Hall, in Bengal. Later, this was used to boycott all the British goods in the country. The spirit of the movement was to use goods produced in India and burning of British–made goods. Swadeshi movement paved the way to the successive movements such as Satyagraha movement and Non-Cooperation movement. Written against the backdrop of the partition of Bengal by the British in 1905, Home and the World (Ghare Bhaire) by Rabindranath Tagore, the Nobel Laureate, is a telling portrayal of the chasms inherent in the nationalist movement.  Any movement by people is particularly interesting and a movement such as Swadeshi movement holds special significance in the history of Indian Freedom Struggle. Swadeshi was a clarion call to rebel against the imported goods.  In the words of Anita Desai, the noted Indo-English novelist, "Home and the World" has the complexity and tragic dimensions of Tagore's own time and ours".  Readers are reminded that Tagore protested the Jallianwallah Bagh massacres and rejected the knighthood honour.  He set himself an example by leading the country against the oppressions.  His patriotism finds literary expression in the novel "Ghare Bhaire" Where Swadeshi Movement dominates the collection.


In this short note, we present new proofs for some singular value inequalities for matrices obtained by I. Garg and J. Aulja. Mathematics subject classification (2010): 47A30, 15A60.


This paper addresses the question of how to increase trust in experimental platforms by considering the specific risks and trust issues that using a platform imposes on an organization, rather than the issues arising when acting alone. It follows this analysis with policies and technical countermeasures necessary to mitigate risks and increase reliability. The mechanisms to achieve this combine both out of band agreements and platform management services that increase protection of assets and provide platform users with information to enable them to make informed trust judgements about platform interaction and the resources they want to use.


ABSTRACT The Khoikhoi nomadic system of communal resource management, contrary to notions that open access to common lands leads to their overuse, allowed Khoikhoi herders to get the most out of the game-rich grazing lands they inhabited in South Africa. In a country where rainfall is often unreliable and variable the Khoikhoi system offered the kind of flexibility needed to use resources effectively in harmony with large numbers of wild animals and on an ongoing sustainable basis. When the Dutch arrived on the scene the basis of resource use changed dramatically. The VOC allocated land on an individual basis first as freehold farms and later settlers themselves acquired individual grazing rights that developed into the loan farm system. This system was based on settlers or trekboers acquiring individual control of designated areas of frontier land for their own use, and considerably restricted their mobility in using the grazing resources on which their livestock depended. Privatization prevented the holistic management strategies that were needed to exploit grazing resources on an ongoing, sustainable basis from being developed and did much to undermine the totality of resources on which the trekboers and surviving Khoikhoi depended for their livelihoods.


Abstract With the increased use of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) preparations, there is concern about the increase in G-CSF-associated large-vessel vasculitis; however, there have been no previous reports of vasculitis caused by multiple types of G-CSF preparations. We experienced a case of drug-induced large-vessel vasculitis caused by two different G-CSF products, which was difficult to diagnose. When treating patients with a history of large-vessel vasculitis caused by pegfilgrastim, we need to pay attention to its recurrence when using other G-CSF preparations.


From comparison of the total cross sections for photoabsorption for the nuclei /sup 4/He, /sup 7/Li, and /sup 9/Be it is concluded that within the experimental error the absorption of ..gamma.. rays of 30--100 MeV by the /sup 7/Li nucleus is equivalent to absorption by one free ..cap alpha.. particle, and in the case of /sup 9/Be: two free ..cap alpha.. particles.


Analyses of the relative contribution of age, gender, verbal reasoning ability, and mathematical reasoning ability as predictors of success in fast‐paced science courses are reported in this study. SAT‐V and SAT‐M were used as indicators of verbal and mathematical reasoning ability respectively and success was indicated by a standardized posttest score. Verbal reasoning ability was found to be a stronger predictor than any of the other individual variables. The amount of required reading varies for biology, chemistry, and physics courses. That difference was reflected in the analyses. A composite of mathematical and verbal reasoning ability was found to be a more powerful predictor of success in fast‐paced science courses than any of the variables considered separately.


Community sanctions involving supervision are a neglected field in criminological research and are widely viewed in political, media and public discourse as 'not prison' and a 'let-off'. An important new book, Pervasive Punishment by Fergus McNeill (2019), redresses this neglect by attempting to 'make sense of mass supervision' as a lived experience. Utilising a short story and allied projects with supervisees involving photographs and songs, he constructs a 'counter-visual' criminology that elucidates the ways supervision constitutes 'pervasive punishment'. This article reviews McNeill's argument and assesses its applicability in the Australian context.


[25436-07-1] C5H9Cl3O2Si (MW 235.56)

InChI = 1S/C5H9Cl3O2Si/c1-11(2,3)10-4(9)5(6,7)8/h1-3H3

InChIKey = HAIZQIKYAKUOBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N

(used as a source of CCl3 anion for reactions with aldehydes and ketones; source of dichlorocarbene under FVP conditions; used for trimethylsilylation of alcohols, amines, thiols, amides, and alkynes)

Alternate Names: trimethylsilyl trichloroacetate.

Physical Data: d 1.245 g mL−1, fp 28 °C, bp 70–73 °C, η: 20/D 1.44.

Form Supplied in: colorless liquid,commercially available.

Solubility: soluble in common organic solvents.

Preparative Method: it is prepared in one step by silylation of trichloroacetic acid with hexamethyldisiloxane in the presence of catalytic sulfuric acid (eq 1).1 Can also be prepared by a more convenient procedure involving the reaction of sodium trichloroacetate with chlorotrimethylsilane in the presence of 18-crown-6 and toluene (eq 2).2

(1)

(2)

Handling, Storage, and Precautions: acutely toxic by inhalation, skin, and eyes. Use under fume hood with proper PPE.


Face identification is the safe technique of computer which has developed quickly within the scope of global in the last few years.This paper takes the safe application of the intelligent mobile phone as its carrier,and presents the design and implementation of the embedded system which implements collecting and transmitting the image data and face identification.


The article deals with the problems of front formation in peace-loving countries during the period of agrevation of the international situation after the nazification of Germany. The paper centers on Anglo-Italian relations and on British diplomatic attempts to make Italy join Western countries, using B. Mussolinis desire to preserve the countrys independence from Austria and his plans for West Africa.


To overcome the diffraction limit of conventional optical photolithography the electromagnetic design of a novel plasmonic bow-tie nanostructure is presented. The proposed structure can be fabricated by self-assembling dielectric spheres on a layer of photoresist, followed by metal deposition and removal of the spheres. The metallic bow-tie nanostructure can focus light to expose the photoresist. The intensity distribution in the photoresist is calculated by solving Maxwell's equations, to predict the clearance profile after development. The simulations provide the size of the nanospheres, the optimum thickness of the metallic bow-tie antennas and the photoresist, the optimum wavelength of the illumination and the development conditions, in order to obtain the desired pattern of holes arranged in honeycomb lattice.


Background: Community care of the chronic mentally ill has always been prevalent in India, largely due to family involvement and unavailability of institutions. In the 80s, a few mental health clinics became operational in some parts of the country. The Schizophrenia Research Foundation (SCARF), an NGO in Chennai had established a community clinic in 1989 in Thiruporur, which was functional till 1999. During this period various programmes such as training of the primary health center staff, setting up a referral system, setting up of a Citizen's Group, and self-employment schemes were initiated. It was decided to begin a follow up in 2005 to determine the present status of the schemes as well as the current status of the patients registered at the clinic. This we believed would lead to pointers to help evolve future community based programmes.


Assessment is the process of gathering data. More specifically, assessment is the ways instructors gather data about their teaching and their students' learning (Hanna & Dettmer, 2004). The data provide a picture of a range of activities using different forms of assessment such as: pre-tests, observations, and examinations. Once these data are gathered, you can then evaluate the student's performance. Evaluation, therefore, draws on one's judgment to determine the overall value of an outcome based on the assessment data. It is in the decision-making process then, where we design ways to improve the recognized weaknesses, gaps, or deficiencies. The figure below represents the systematic process of assessment, evaluation, and decision-making. The results (data) of the assessment (examinations, observations, essays, self-reflections) are evaluated based on judgment of those data. What to do next—the decision making step, is based on the evaluation. Types of Assessment There are three types of assessment: diagnostic, formative, and summative. Although are three are generally referred to simply as assessment, there are distinct differences between the three. 1. Diagnostic Assessment Diagnostic assessment can help you identify your students' current knowledge of a subject, their skill sets and capabilities, and to clarify misconceptions before teaching takes place (Just Science Now!, n.d.). Knowing students' strengths and weaknesses can help you better plan what to teach and how to teach it. Types of Diagnostic Assessments  Pre-tests (on content and abilities)  Self-assessments (identifying skills and competencies)  Discussion board responses (on content-specific prompts)  Interviews (brief, private, 10-minute interview of each student) 2. Formative Assessment Formative assessment provides feedback and information during the instructional process, while learning is taking place, and while learning is occurring. Formative assessment measures student progress but it can also assess your own progress as an instructor. For example, when Assessment is the process of gathering data. There are three types of assessment: diagnostic, formative, and summative.


Inequalities among sizes of arguments in logic programs are essential for showing termination and safety. "Termination" usually refers to termination of top-down evaluation (as in Prolog), and '(safet y" refers to the property that bottom-up evaluation (using magic sets, for example) generates a finite answer. The approach toward logic programming enunciated by systems such as NAIL! [M*86, M*87] and LDL [NT88, Z88] puts the burden of showing termination and safety on the compiler. Therefore, there is a need to develop algorithms for these problems. Since safety and termination are undecidable for logic programs with function symbols [KiL88, Sh87], one can only hope for algorithms that check sufficient conditions that are strong enough to be practical.


Eleven 2,5-diaryl-1,3,4-oxadiazoles are efficiently synthesized from the cyclodehydration reactions of aromatic carboxylic acids and aroyl hydrazines in solvent-free medium under microwave condition by using silica dichlorophosphate as cyclodehydrant.This method has advantages of short reaction time,no corrosion,no environmental pollution and simple work-up procedure.


The effect of two irradiation doses, 10 and 100 krad, on discoloration, phenolic content and lipid content of Katahdin and Russet Burbank potatoes was studied. Potatoes were stored 1, 4 and 26 wk at 5°C and 20°C following irradiation. Irradiation increased discoloration and phenols and decreased crude lipids and the phospholipids. Potatoes receiving 100 krad dose discolored more, were higher in phenols, and lower in lipids than those given 10 krad dose. Potatoes stored at 5°C discolored more and were higher in phenols and in lipids than those stored at 20°C. Increased storage at both temperatures resulted in greater discoloration, increased phenolic content and decreased lipids content.


This is a statement by a young Greenlander, Nikolaj Gedionsen, who was interviewed for an article in the Greenlandic newspaper, Sermitsiak. In the article, he tells about his experiences of moving to Denmark in order to study at university. Gedionsen's statement exemplifies how certain images and thoughts of Greenlanders prevail in the relation between Greenlanders and Danes, Greenland and Denmark. As Gedionsen suggests, Danish knowledge about Greenland is inhibited by stereotypes. Thomsen has shown that throughout its colonial history Denmark has created images of Greenland images in and for Denmark in order to maintain control (Thomsen, 1996). In this perspective, the reproduction of "Greenland images" arguably influences Greenland-Denmark relations and therefore requires a critical interrogation. While responses and criticisms to "Greenland images" surface in Greenland, they are largely non-existent in Denmark. A Danish newspaper article, Grønlands valg for fremtiden (Greenland's voting for the future) by Mogens Lykketoft and Julie Rademacher (Social Democratic members of the Danish Parliament and 'Grønlandsudvalget'), exemplifies the ignorance towards Denmark's role in the creation of "Greenland images". In the article, Lykketoft and Rademacher encourage Greenland to make peace with the past and let the present be the starting point for the future of self-government. They write: "If Greenlandization becomes an idealization of the past and the people who


We have generated an ab initio three-dimensional potential energy surface (PES) for the state of LiSH. The spectroscopic data calculated from a full quartic force field are in very good agreement with the values obtained from microwave spectroscopic experiments. The PES has been used to solve variationally the nuclear motion problem and the vibrational energy levels are given up to about 3500 cm−1 for LiSH and 2400 cm−1 for LiSD. For LiSH, the anharmonic fundamental modes lie at 2571 (SH stretch), 578 (LiS stretch) and 372 (LiSH bending), and for LiSD the corresponding values are: 1866, 582 and 276 (all values are in cm−1), respectively. Anharmonic resonances between the bending and the LiS stretching modes are identified in both species. The calculated electric dipole moment μ e = 7.03 debye mirrors the strong charge separation in the lithium hydrosulphide. The electronically excited states up to vertical transition energies of 36 000 cm−1 predissociate along the Li … SH path.


The bankruptcy trustee has returned approximately 72 cents of every dollar that should have been in those customer accounts at the time of the failure. The outcome of the remaining 28 cents, which combined across all 38,000 accounts adds up to that billion-dollar-plus figure, is still an open question. The deadline for former customers to file formal claims with the bankruptcy court was January 31. However, recent news reports indicate a number of firms have stepped forward and are offering to buy the bankruptcy claims of former MF Global customers.


SUBTITLE: FIGHTING THE FURY OF RUSH HOUR IS A CHALLENGE ANYWHERE, BUT PARTICULARLY IN BIGGER CITIES. ONE CARRIER HAS CREATED SOLUTIONS TO HELP SOLVE SOME OF THE MAJOR PROBLEMS. PICKUP AND DELIVERY BY FEDEX FREIGHT IN SAN FRANCISCO.


We report on the successful use of electron‐beam patterning of ambient hydrocarbon residues on silicon dioxide as a patterning tool for the formation of nanoscale conductors. This chemically enhanced vapor etching (CEVE) was employed for the production of lithographic masks for the formation of nanoscale wires on the silicon substrates. Cobalt silicide nanowires were formed by using the CEVE‐produced mask in combination with conventional metallization and silicidation procedures. Cobalt silicide wires ranging in width from less than 50 up to 125 nm were produced in this study. Nanoscale wires of chromium/gold were also produced using a variation on the procedure employed in the cobalt silicide process. Using identical approaches to mask production and employing a liftoff of the oxide mask by HF solution etching, chromium/gold wires as narrow as 26 nm were produced.


Objective
To explored the values of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) based on multimodal anesthesia in laparoscopic radical cystectomy.

Methods
The data of patients undergoing laparoscopic radical cystectomy with or without ilealneobladder during perioperative period were collected from January 2015 to December 2017 in our hospital, 9 patients in Group ERAS who were managed with ERAS protocols based on multimodal anesthesia preoperatively, and 27 in Group control who were managed with routine protocols preoperatively. Length of hospital stay, pain after surgery and other parameters were compared between the two groups.

Results
Compared with Group control, length of stay and postoperative length of stay were significantly shorter (20 d vs 33 d, P=0.002; 9 d vs 18 d, P=0.002), intra-operative fluid volume was significantly less [5.5 (ml/kg/h) vs 8.1 (ml/kg/h), P=0.003], a higher proportion of patients receiving analgesics on time postoperatively (P=0.001), a lower proportion of those requiring extra analgesics (P=0.046), and the first postoperative defecation was significantly faster (P=0.035, in Group ERAS). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the total cost, anesthesia costs and postoperative complications.

Conclusion
The use of multimodal anesthesia combined with enhanced recovery in laparoscopic radical cystectomy can speed up the recovery of patients and reduce the need for extra analgesics, and there was no significant difference in postoperative complications.

Key words:
ERAS; Anesthesia; Bladder cancer; Potency


CASE REPORT (INSERTIONAL PATELLAR TENDINOSIS WITH LARGE COMPLEX INTERSTITIAL TEARS) A 17-year-old basketball player with a tibial tubercle avulsion fracture through the physis was diagnosed with a partial patellar tendon avulsion at the time of surgery. Two large fragment screws were placed for osseous fixation, and #2 FiberWire (Arthrex, Inc, Naples, Florida) was used to attach the tendon to the periosteum. Six months after the operation, he continued to have pain and was unable to jump or play basketball without considerable pain. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a thickened patellar tendon insertion. A second surgery was recommended. However, he decided to explore nonsurgical alternatives. Upon initial visit with one of the authors (J.J.A.), diagnostic ultrasound revealed an extremely thickened patellar tendon at the insertion on the tibial tubercle with extensive linear hypoechoic areas, hyperemia, and some calcification (Figure 1). Distension of these hypoechoic areas with local anesthetic confirmed large complex interstitial tears. Two ultrasound-guided injections of 8 to 10 mL of PRP, activated with recombinant thrombin, were administered 5 weeks apart. In each procedure, 1 to 2 mL of 1% lidocaine (plain) was introduced using a 22-gauge needle, which was also used to provide multiple fenestrations in the abnormal areas. At 12 weeks after the initial injection, the patient reported improvement in symptoms such that he could actively scrimmage but had a significant pain afterward. Ultrasound revealed persistent interstitial tears. Retreatment was performed using a combination of bone marrow aspirate, PRP, and autologous fat graft for adipose-derived stem/stromal cells. Lipoaspirated fat graft provided cellular and scaffold (biomatrix) elements and was placed via ultrasound-guided injection to fill the tears at the thickened insertion. Autologous fat harvesting was accomplished according to standard aesthetic surgical technique using a 20-mL Monoject syringe (Covidien Co, Mansfield, Massachusetts) and the Tulip Medical (San Diego, California) closed syringe system (with a 2.1-mm caraway 3-port harvester microcannula) and Superluer loc hub. Forty-five milliliters of bone marrow was obtained as per the standard protocol described in the literature and filtered according to the manufacturer's instructions, mixed with 15 mL of whole blood, and centrifuged down to 6 mL. Three milliliters of this mixture was mixed with 3 mL of lipoaspirate and injected into the tears. The remaining 3 mL of the concentrated bone marrow aspirate/PRP was then injected into the surrounding tissue. The Arteriocyte Magellan system was used for all the treatments, both PRP and bone marrow. He started basketball practice 2.5 weeks after the PRP/fat grafting treatment, and, by 3.5 weeks, started full scrimmage. At 6 weeks, he displayed diminished pain with jumping and was able to play a complete game at a fully competitive level. By 15 weeks, he could play 1.5 hours with minimal discomfort afterward. At 6 months, he played twice per week without pain during and after the activity.


Translation, whether as an activity proper, a process or a product,carries certain cultural meaning. Possibility, forms and contents of translation depend on various factors of the target culture. Translation results not only enrich the national culture, but also reflect cultural change and development in a way. In fact,there exists obvious interaction between translation and culture. An understanding of the relationship between translation and culture is essential for the culturological and cross cultural approach to translation.


Simulation has been demonstrated to be a powerful tool to mimic processes and activities in emergency departments. However, most applications only rely on the data that were manually input by the staff in the departments. First, this practice does not guarantee that the required data to build the simulation models are captured in the computer system, as some information about the processes of emergency departments are not electronically stored. Second, human errors and missing data are also common for manual inputs. A simulation model that is incapable of representing the actual system of the emergency department will deliver wrong conclusions to hospital administrators and may lead to negative consequences if they trust the simulation results. In this paper, we present a case study of developing a simulation model of an emergency department in Hong Kong and discuss the data challenges. Then we propose an RFID-enabled infrastructure to automatically capture large volumes of data regarding the patient activities in the ED in order to build simulation models of more details and a higher accuracy.


The purpose of the present invention is to prevent a nitriding layer of an epsilon phase from being generated on a frictional surface by applying a plasma ion nitriding treatment method allowing phase control, to increase the wear resistance of a frictional material by generating a nitriding layer of a gamma-prime (γ') phase with a compact structure, and to improve the appearance by preventing the corrosion of the frictional surface of gray cast iron parts. The plasma nitriding surface treatment method for gray cast iron parts comprises a step of plasma ion nitriding treatment which inputs the gray cast iron parts in a furnace, and maintains the temperatures of 400-550 in the atmosphere of ammonia gas added with reaction gas; and prevents the degradation of the coefficient of friction by controlling the nitriding layer phase generated on the surface of the gray cast iron part. [Reference numerals] (AA) Temperature ();(BB) NH_3+ reaction gas;(CC) Plasma nitration;(DD) Dye bath/Steam oxidation;(EE) Time (min);(FF) Air cooling or furnace cooling


Four months into a global pandemic, Los Angeles' mental health industry is in high demand, the Los Angeles Business Journal reported July 27. The devastating economic impact of COVID‐19 and the seismic social changes buffeting the city are taking a toll on Angelenos, leading to increased activity for therapists and other self‐care businesses. Kindman & Co., a therapy group based in Highland Park, saw an increase in clients after switching to online therapy sessions, an option previously unavailable to 95% of the practice's customers. After seeing a slowdown in sessions when the office first turned to teletherapy in mid‐March — Kindman lost a third of its clientele initially — by May, the practice had taken in six times as many new patients as it received in March. "People are starting to realize that online therapy isn't going away; it's staying as the new normal," said co‐founder Kaitlin Kindman. In April, the Didi Hirsch Mental Health Services Center in Los Angeles saw an 8,000% jump in calls to its suicide hotline, an increase of more than 1,800 calls from March. Headspace Inc., a Santa Monica–based meditation app, recently reached 62 million users and 2 million paid subscribers. The app also reported 10 times the regular number of users listening to stress meditations and 12 times the usual number of users listening to anxiety meditations.


Abstract: Electric cars are initially developed as an alternative option for existing gas powered car. It also shows good results in both performance and energy utilization. Usage of electric cars are encouraged due to its effect over global warming as there is no emission of harmful gases like CO, CO2, NOX. The electric car is an automobile that is propelled by one or more electric motors, using energy stored in rechargeable batteries. This idea was coined in later 18th century. But it was initiated in 20th century to roll on roads. Even though we use battery as the energy source, we need a cooling system. It isnecessary to ensure the proper dissipation of heat which is emitted from the battery while transmission. Here we discuss about the cooling system of battery in an electric car. We use three different liquids to analyze its effectiveness. Those fluids are Glycol, Fluorinert FC72 and NOVEC7200 (Ethoxy nonaflurobutane). We have designed and drawn the model using CATIA V5 software and analyzed using ANSYS FLUENT software. Then analyzed best Coolant for the battery coolingsystem.


There are many trends that determine all the possibilities that exist in the education sciences. These are oriented to the formation of the human being. The current development is demarcated by the use of active methodologies through science, research, technology and innovation. where the Universities advance in the professional formation of the students through the virtualization of the education. In the present work we intend to review the current state of the research work at national and international level in relation to the different ways of covering the teaching - learning processes. For that, an exhaustive review of the bibliographical sources was made through the use of several specialized databases such as Ebsco, ISI Web of science, Latindex Open Access, Scielo and Scopus. The articles classified as most relevant by these databases were selected taking into account their citation index. As a result you can see a variety of possibilities that still use the traditional forms of education and citizenship training based on traditional master classes where the teacher is the protagonist of academic activity and you can also see new methodologies that apply the new possibilities of education based on virtualization and independent training based on a more globalized and participatory education where the student is the protagonist of their learning.


This study examined the adoption of the balanced scorecard by Malaysian companies and the obstacles they face during their adoption. Questionnaires were distributed to 278 sample companies for the data collection. The sample was divided into two groups for the analysis. The first group included the companies that adopted the balanced scorecard, and the second group included those that did not adopt the balanced scorecard. The scorecard adoption is related to listing status, turnover, organization age, and employee number of the companies. Organizations that have been operating for a longer period have considerable business expertise to adopt the balanced scorecard, whereas larger companies tend to maintain their performance measures for cost reduction and continuous improvement. Both groups agreed that performance evaluation was implemented for planning purposes. In terms of marketing strategy, the first group emphasized focusing strategy, whereas the second group focused on cost leadership strategy. This finding indicates that the members of the second group were looking inward.


We consider the following multiobjective optimization problem (P) Minimize F(x) subject to x ∊ X where Fis a set-valued map between two Banach X and Y. When the set-valued map F is upper somedifferentiable and compact Luc [2] gives necessary and sufficient optimality conditions for (P) in terms of contingent derivatives. In this paper we study the same problem under weaker notion of set-valued derivatives and without nether compactness nor upper somedifferentiability assumptions


The conventional synthesis method restricts the search for the best thermoelectric material to thermodynamically stable skutterudites. Modulated reactants allows the nucleation of skutterudite antimonides that are metastable with respect to binary compounds. However, many materials with very interesting properties are only kinetically stable. A technique that employs controlled crystallization of elementally modulated reactants allows the nucleation of skutterudite antimonides that are metastable with respect to binary compounds. Using this method, a series of samples which are partially filled with Gd, Lu, La, Hf and Pb has successfully been synthesized. For the first time, these metastable materials were prepared in bulk amounts.


The main objective of this project is serving the people by controlling any kind of electrical or electronic device through their voice command. This includes voice password locking/unlocking for main door, sending emergency SMS, switching the motor for garden and so on. This system can read any person voice regardless of their age and gender. It is more immune to ambient noise. The system receives the voice as input and processes it and executes the appropriate operation without a noticeable delay. The main beneficiaries of our system are elder and physically challenged people. It is simple, compact, cost effective, easy to design and install.


Controversial Issues in Environmental Policy by Kent E. Portney. Newbury Park, CA: Sage, 1992. Pp.viii + 161; indices. £10.95. ISBN 8039 4222 2. Controversial Issues in Energy Policy by Alfred A. Marcus. Newbury Park, CA: Sage, 1992. Pp.xvi + 142; indices. £10.95. ISBN 8039 3970 1. Our Limits Transgressed: Environmental Political Thought in America by Bob Pepperman Taylor. Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, 1992. Pp.xiii + 151; indices. £19.95. ISBN 7006 0542 8. Backs to the Future: US Government Policy Toward Environmentally Critical Technology by George R. Heaton, Robert Repetto and Rodney Sobin. Washington, DC: World Resources Institute, 1992. Pp.vii + 34. £8.95. ISBN 9158 2575 9.


positive, lipase positive, hippurate positive), 2(beta-galactosidase negative, lipase positive, hippurate positive), and5 (beta-galactosidase negative, lipase negative, hippurate positive). Thedistribution inbiotypes was similar among isolates fromAntwerp, Seattle, andNairobi. Therewere no differences inbiotypes betweenstrains isolated from patients withandwithout bacterial vaginosis (nonspecific vaginitis). Up to14% ofwomen withbacterial vaginosis harbored atleast twodifferent biotypes ofG.vaginalis inthevagina. G.vaginalis strains isolated before andafter treatment forbacterial vaginosis belonged toidentical biotypes whenthetimeinterval between twospecimens was less than1week.Similarly, G.vaginalis isolates fromthevaginas ofwomen withbacterial vaginosis andfromtheurethras oftheir malesexpartners belonged toidentical biotypes whenstrains were isolated within thesame 24-hperiod frombothpartners (P< 0.005). Gardnerella vaginalis isthepredominant organism in vaginal fluid fromwomen withbacterial vaginosis (BV) (nonspecific vaginitis), a condition inwhichthereisalso an increase invarious anaerobic bacteria (12). CureofBV correlates with adisappearance ora significant reduction of G.vaginalis andanaerobes, whereas therecurrenceofthe condition islinked witha reappearanceor increase ofG. vaginalis (8,11). Insome studies, there was a correlation betweentherecurrenceofsuccessfully treated BV and sexual reexposure,andthemajority ofmalesexpartners of women withBVharbored G.vaginalis intheir urethra (1,7). A better understanding ofthenatural history andepidemiologyofBV may befacilitated bythedevelopment ofa typing systemforG.vaginalis. Strains ofG.vaginalis have beensubdivided into sevenserological groupsbyprecipitin tests, butthis systemhasnotbeenusedinclinically defined conditions. A simple andreproducible systemforbiotyping G.vaginalis ispresented here.


ABSTRACT This work aims to investigate the effect of chitosan powders on the mechanical, morphological and thermal behaviour of nitrile rubber (NBR). The chitosan content has been varied between 0 and 15 phr. NBR was initially loaded with chitosan using a two-roll mixing mill along with compounding agents and then cured by compression moulding using accelerated sulphur vulcanisation strategy. The results indicate that the mechanical properties of NBR increase at a critical loading of chitosan (12 phr). A new Chitosan Efficacy Index has been proposed to understand the effect of chitosan loading on overall mechanical properties. Morphological examinations by using scanning electron microscopy pointed towards the presence of voids and discontinuities within the fractured surfaces of the composites. Thermogravimetric analysis and water absorption studies have also been carried out to complement the results from the investigation of mechanical properties.


Previous research suggests that state Medicaid expansions implemented under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) helped large numbers of patients suffering from opioid use disorder (OUD) gain access to life-saving medications, including buprenorphine. However, Medicaid expansions could have impeded access to care among individuals already enrolled in Medicaid, as new enrollees would have placed added demands on a limited supply of buprenorphine providers. Using a panel data set of medical claims from Rhode Island, we estimate the causal effects of the state's January 2014 ACA implementation on buprenorphine receipt among incumbent (pre-ACA) Medicaid enrollees by leveraging geographic variation within Rhode Island in the intensity of treatment under the ACA. Using a difference-in-differences identification strategy, multivariate regression analysis yields no evidence that incumbent Medicaid enrollees experienced added difficulties in accessing buprenorphine as a result of the ACA, despite the fact that both Medicaid and nonMedicaid enrollment increased substantially under the policy. Supply-side factors may have helped to blunt any negative fallout, as we find that the number of buprenorphine prescribers in the state increased fairly steadily during the two years leading up to January 2014 and for at least 15 months after that date. Also, the average number of buprenorphine recipients per prescriber increased rapidly after January 2014, suggesting that providers had unused treatment capacity before the policy went into effect. JEL Classifications: I18, I13, I14, I12


Background This study aimed to assess whether Chinese men who have sex with men (MSM) had a significantly elevated prevalence of psychiatric disorders compared to urban males in China. Methods 807 MSM were recruited using a respondent-driven sampling (RDS) method in urban area of northeast China. Psychiatric disorders were assessed employing the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI. Version 1.0) according to the criteria of the DSM-III-R. Results Chinese MSM had a significantly elevated standardized prevalence ratios (SPR) for lifetime prevalence of any disorder (SPR = 2.8; 95%CI: 2.5–3.2), mood disorder (SPR = 3.0; 95%CI: 2.3–3.7), anxiety disorder (SPR = 5.5; 95% CI: 4.6–6.5), alcohol use disorder (SPR = 2.4, 95%CI: 2.0–2.8), and combination of disorders (SPR = 4.2; 95%CI: 3.4–5.1). Conclusions Chinese MSM had significantly elevated prevalence and comorbidity of psychiatric disorders. RDS is a suitable sampling method for psychiatric epidemiological survey in MSM population.


Public speaking is a necessity of professional life. But what do you do if, like many others, you are basically a shy person? Here is some advice on how to give talks that won't wreck your career or humiliate your thesis adviser. If you plan an academic career, It is highly likely that before you receive your degree, you'll be asked to give a talk on your research - possibly at a national congress, or maybe just to your department. And once you finally graduate, you'll undoubtedly find yourself standing behind a podium. Whatever the situation, it is going to matter that your presentation be well received and that your audience depart with a favourable impression.


A crown with $k$ spikes is an edge-disjoint union of a cycle $C$ and a matching $M$ of size $k$ such that each edge of $M$ has exactly one vertex in common with $C$. We prove that if $G$ is an $(n,d,\lambda)$-graph with $\lambda/d\le 0.001$ and $d$ is large enough, then $G$ contains a crown on $n$ vertices with $\lfloor n/2\rfloor$ spikes. As a consequence, such $G$ contains a Hamilton cycle in its square $G^2$.


It is known that phosphorus deficiency results in alterations in the assimilation of nitrogen. An experiment was conducted to investigate mechanisms involved in altered 15 NO 3 - uptake, endogenous 15 N translocation, and amino acid accumulation in soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill, cv. Ransom) plants deprived of an external phosphorus supply for 20 d in solution culture. Phosphorus deprivation led to decreased rates of 15 NO 3 - uptake and increased accumulation of absorbed 15 N in the root. Both effects became more pronounced with time. Asparagine, the primary transport amino acid in soybean, accumulated in large excess in roots and stems


Combination of active substances (a) tert-alkyl amine oxides of the general formula (R in which R R and (B) peroxides.


A bstract : This research background by Tunagrahita Medium Children who are not familiar with the concept of the primary colors (red, yellow and blue). Based on the case study aims to demonstrate the effectiveness of the media card in introducing the concept of a windowed primary colors.This research uses the methods of experimental research Single Subject Reasearch (SRR) with the design of the A1-A2-B. Subjects were children tunagahita're X class 1/C1. Assessment in this study are consistent and measure children's ability to match, shows and mentions the primary colors and the assessment presented in the form of a percentage. The results of this study indicate that the ability of children being x mental retardation in the concept of primary colors increases, the initial baseline condition (A1) is done as much as ten times the observation of the child knows only one concept of primary colors of red, the intervention condition twelve observation time increases with the child's ability to use the media card windowed approach is able to match children, shows and mention all the primary colors. And the last is kegiantan baseline (A2), this activity was performed seven times of observation, after intervention was stopped, ternyatan child's ability to maintain its ability to match, show and said primary colors. Thus proved the hypothesis put forward that the media card is windowless effective in improving primary color concept of mental retardation in children being x kelas1/C1 in SDLB N 36 Muaro District Sijunjung Sijunjung district. In connection with the study results in the concept of mental retardation in children of primary colors being x increases, the researchers suggest the teacher to use the media card is windowed in improving the concept of primary colors for future learning.


In this paper an inhomogeneous artificial immune net(IaiNet) for clustering is presented according to the immunogenicity of the antigen in biology immune system. The algorithm introduces the immunogenicity of the antigen into the evolution of artificial immune net(aiNet). The algorithm treats the data sample as the antigen, and treats the characteristic of the data sample as the immunogenicity of the antigen. The resultant network is an inhomogeneous internal image which reflects the characteristic of the data samples. The test results show that the algorithm achieves better performances on the clustering problem of the ambiguity clusters boundary and the noises.


This paper deals with disruptive current-sensor technology for next-generation aeronautical applications. Sensors based on the Neel Effect principle are being developed using superparamagnetic nanostructured materials. The magnetic and mechanical proprieties of the raw material bring significant improvements in performance compared to conventional sensors. After reviewing the need to improve existing sensor technologies, the first section of this paper presents the state of the art of the sensing techniques currently used in aeronautical applications and outlines their main advantages and limitations. The second section focuses on Neel Effect sensor technology. The principle of this sensing technique and its theoretical benefits are described and compared to existing Hall effect and Rogowski coil technologies. The Neel Effect current sensor works like a magnetic DC transformer to measure a current carried on a conductor of flexible geometric shape. The transformer ratio depends only on the number of coil turns. This specific characteristic provides good linearity and low sensitivity to temperature variations. The sensor is able to measure DC or AC current in a broad range of bandwidths, currents and operating temperatures. The third section reviews progress in the development of Neel Effect current sensor technology. The objective is to qualify this technology for both existing and future aeronautical applications.


OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of nursing intervention on prevention of chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis so as to find the effective nursing methods to reduce the incidence of chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis.METHODS Totally 310 patients who would receive chemotherapy were divided into the experimental group and the control group randomly.Each group was 150 cases.The nursing intervention measures included health education,ice water gargle,oral salivary pH measurement,pH adjustment of mouth,oral ulcer nursing according to the degree were implemented on the experimental group,meanwhile,the control group was treated with routine nursing care.RESULTS In the experimental group,30 patients(19.35%) suffered chemotherapyinduced oral mucositis,lower than the control group (54.84%),the difference was significant(P0.05).In the experimental group,the incidence of chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis of different degree were 9.03%,5.81%,3.23%,1.29%,respectively,while in the control group,they were 12.26%,20.00%,14.84%,7.74%,respectively.Oral hygiene status in experimental group was obviously better than that in the control group after intervention,and there was 102 patients with oral pH value between 6.6 and 7.1in the experimental group after chemotherapy,the proportion was 65.81%,which was higher than control group (13 cases,3.89%)(P0.05).CONCLUSION Consciousness on the prevention of chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis of the patients has been improved by comprehensive nursing intervention,and the incidence of chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis has been reduced obviously.


The aim of this study was to validate Acuros XB (AXB) algorithm for photon dose calculation on an indigenously fabricated low-density heterogeneous phantom. Phantom was fabricated using poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and racemosa wood. The measured Hounsfield units, relative electron density, and mass density were 726.5, 0.273, and 0.212 g/cc and 201.8, 1.201, and 1.175 g/cc for racemosa and PMMA, respectively. AXB results were compared against anisotropic analytical algorithm (AAA) and ion chamber (IC) measured data for 3 cm × 3 cm and 10 cm × 10 cm field size of 6 megavolts beam. AXB results were in better agreement with IC measured data at all measuring points in comparison to AAA. The discrepancies between AXB and IC measured data were 1.3%–2.2% for 3 cm × 3 cm, −1.5%–−0.9% for 10 cm × 10 cm at low-density region, and −3.6%–−1.6% for 3 cm × 3 cm, and −1.4%–−0.8% for 10 cm × 10 cm at secondary buildup region, whereas discrepancies between AAA and measured data were 1.6%–3.6% for 3 cm × 3 cm, −4.6%–−3.4% for 10 cm × 10 cm at low-density region, and within −5.3%–−2.1% for 3 cm × 3 cm and −1.5%–1.0% for 10 cm × 10 cm at the secondary build-up region. Therefore, AXB is more appropriate in dealing with low-density heterogeneity in comparison to AAA.


The invention provides a method for constructing a photovoltaic power station generation capacity short-term prediction model based on multiple neural network combinational algorithms and belongs to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation, power grid connection technology and solar energy photovoltaic forecasting. The method overcomes the problem that a usually-used algorithm for constructing the photovoltaic power station generation capacity short-term prediction model is single and is likely to fall into local optimization, further resulting in big measurement error of the prediction model. The technical construction method of the invention is realized as follows: firstly using four different neural network algorithms to construct sub-models for neural network prediction; secondly screening and classifying weather information and analyzing the suitability of the various sub-models for neural network prediction; giving weighted parameter values of the sub-models in a combined model according to the suitability to further make the combined neural network model for prediction suitable for different weather conditions and then completing the construction of the photovoltaic power station generation capacity short-term prediction model. The method is mainly used for photovoltaic power station grid connection short-term prediction.


Radiology Education for  undergraduate medical students: Role  of ICT (Information and communication technology) ABSTRACT: The role of information and communication technology in medical education particularly for enhancing teaching and learning in the specialty of radiology is discussed in this article.


A plastic motor for a local ventilation fan belongs to a motor. The plastic motor mainly aims to solve the technical problems of heavy weight, loud noise, high cost and the like of the traditional motor made of metal material. The technical key is that the plastic motor comprises a second inner cylinder (25), a first guide vane (26), an inner machine barrel (27), a stator fixing embedment element (28), end covers (33), bearings (34), a motor rotor (35), a stator (36) and a motor shaft, wherein the second inner cylinder (25) is made of plastic, the end covers (33) are arranged at the two ends of the inner machine barrel (27), the bearings (34) are arranged at the two ends of a stator (36) shaft, outer rings of the bearings (34) are arranged at the end covers (33) and used for supporting the motor rotor (35), and the stator (36) provided with a coil is sleeved in the stator fixing embedment element (28) in a matching way. The plastic motor is specially designed for the ventilation fan and used as a part of the ventilation fan, and the technical effects of light weight, high efficiency, low noise, energy saving and the like are achieved on the premise of providing kinetic energy for the ventilation fan.


Abstract Initial rate studies were carried out using solubilized bovine brain hexokinase. Both ATP4- and β,γ-5'-adenylyl methylene diphosphonate are competitive inhibitors of MgATP2- and mixed inhibitors of the sugar substrate, while N-acetylglucosamine, a competitive inhibitor of fructose, is a mixed inhibitor of MgATP2-. These results are consistent with a random Bi Bi mechanism for the brain enzyme. Purine nucleotides, with the exception of ATP, bind at the catalytic site as well as at an allosteric site on the enzyme. ATP and pyrimidine nucleotides bind only at the catalytic site of brain hexokinase. All allosteric effectors were found to be inhibitory. These include: ADP, AMP, GTP, GDP, ITP, IDP, IMP, 3',5'-cyclic AMP, and 3-phosphoglycerate. The most potent inhibitor of the enzyme appears to be ADP. The hexokinase reaction was reversed using 14C-glucose-6-P, ADP, and elevated levels of Mg2+.


Inspired by the bottom-up synthesis of nanoporous graphene (Moreno, C., Science, 2018, 360, 199), we investigate the magnetic and thermoelectric transport properties of nanoporous graphene nanoribb...


To examine the associations of self‐perceived and objectively‐measured physical fitness with psychological well‐being and distress indicators in young pediatric cancer survivors.


Ball screw driven systems are widely used for motion control applications. In such systems, friction dominates the resulting performance and it should be compensated to achieve high precision in positioning and tracking. Hereby a friction model is introduced to describe dynamic behavior of the system and then three control strategies i.e. sliding mode control (SMC), complementary sliding mode control (CSMC) and fuzzy sliding mode control (FSMC) are applied. Performances of the controllers are compared in the sense of positioning, tracking error and control input. It is observed that the proposed FSMC can eliminate the steady state error and chattering of the control input.


A double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial consisting of two four-week treatment periods was carried out with cromolyn sodium in 54 children. Patients selected were severe, chronic asthmatics with reversible airway obstruction and positive skin tests. Symptoms of wheezing, breathlessness, tightness, and coughing were significantly less in most of the patients during the active-drug period as compared with the placebo period. Of the pulmonary function tests, only the increase in forced expiratory volume—one second (FEV 1 ), measured biweekly, reached statistical significance in favor of cromolyn. Of the children, 20% became essentially asymptomatic while on the drug and 65% more were improved to some degree.


The restructuring of the electric power industry has involved paradigm shifts in the real time control activities of the power grids. Optimal power flow (OPF) is the most significant technique for obtaining minimum cost generation patterns in a power system with existing transmission and operational constraints. Flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) devices have the ability to allow power systems to operate in a more flexible, secure, economic, and sophisticated way and to minimize line congestion. The objective of paper is to develop OPF solution incorporating FACTS devices in deregulated power market


For the traditional data cleaning algorithms mainly fill up the data based on the space-time relevance in the data level, they are not suitable for RFID application scenarios with track information based on multi-logical areas. This paper proposed a track data filling algorithm based on movement recency by studying the characteristics of RFID track data. This algorithm maintains a track event tree according to the historical data, to predict the future data and guide the data cleaning. Also it considers the effect on the movement rules from time factor and brings in the ageing factor for maintaining the track event tree, which improved the predict accuracy of the tree and raise the veracity of the filling algorithm.


Modern manufacturing requires that to be successful organisations must be supported by both effective and efficient maintenance. One approach to improving the performance of maintenance activities is to implement and develop a total productive maintenance (TPM) practices. The maintenance concept is important in the manufacturing environment and it provides support for productivity. The purpose of this paper is to identify the TPM constructs and innovation performance measures for Malaysian automotive industry and also to develop research model of the TPM and innovation performance measures relationship for Malaysian automotive industry. A conceptual model based on previous studies has been proposed. This model will be used to study the relationship between TPM practices and innovation performance for Malaysian automotive industry. Based on the proposed conceptual model and reviewed, research hypotheses are being developed. The paper culminates with suggested future research work. Keywords— Total Productive maintenance, Innovative performance, automotive industry, SEM


As deep spectroscopic campaigns extend to higher redshifts and lower stellar masses, the interpretation of galaxy spectra depends increasingly upon models for very young stellar populations. Here we present new HST/COS ultraviolet spectroscopy of seven nearby ($<120$ Mpc) star-forming regions hosting very young stellar populations ($\sim$ 4-20 Myr) with optical Wolf-Rayet stellar wind signatures, ideal laboratories in which to test these stellar models. We detect nebular C III] in all seven, but at equivalent widths uniformly $< 10$ A. This suggests that even for very young stellar populations, the highest equivalent width C III] emission at $\geq 15$ A is reserved for inefficiently-cooled gas at metallicities at or below that of the SMC. The spectra also reveal strong C IV P-Cygni profiles and broad He II emission formed in the winds of massive stars, including some of the most prominent He II stellar wind lines ever detected in integrated spectra. We find that the latest stellar population synthesis prescriptions with improved treatment of massive stars nearly reproduce the entire range of stellar He II wind strengths observed here. However, we find that these models cannot simultaneously match the strongest wind features alongside the optical nebular line constraints. This discrepancy can be naturally explained by an overabundance of very massive stars produced by a high incidence of binary mass transfer and mergers occurring on short $\lesssim 10$ Myr timescales, suggesting these processes may be crucial for understanding the highest-sSFR galaxies in the early Universe. Reproducing both the stellar and nebular light of young systems such as these will be a crucial benchmark for the next generation of stellar population synthesis models.


Purpose - This study examines the applications and processes of one of the key distinctive features of
strategic HRM, i.e. integration of HRM functions with business/corporate strategy and two key HRM functions, recruitment and selection and training and development.

Design/methodology/approach – The research used mixed methodology approach via questionnaire survey and semi-structured random interviews. Of the 113 questionnaires returned, 86 usable questionnaires were analyzed, a response rate of 16.5 percent. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 HR practitioners and 9 line managers from Malaysian and Japanese owned companies.

Findings – Analysis of the questionnaire responses on strategic integration, recruitment and selection, and
training and development show little difference in practices between the Malaysian and Japanese owned
companies. Both Malaysian and Japanese owned companies indicated a higher HR involvement in the business/corporate strategy formulation process, either from the outset or in implementation. However,
some contradictions in actual practice of strategic integration of HR with business/corporate strategy were
evidenced by the interview data. In relation to recruitment and selection and training and development
practices, there were differences in the practices in terms of elaborateness, approach and process. On a
positive note, HRM in Malaysia seems to be in a state of change though the process is slow.

Practical Implications - Provides some insights and practical implications to HRM practitioners and line
managers about SHRM practices in Malaysia.

Originality/Value - This paper contributes to the existing literature and also to overcoming the dearth of
empirical research on the importance of SHRM practices in Malaysia.


The increase in coffee consumption for the last few years, especially for specialty coffee, becomes an opportunity to develop the local coffee market in Indonesia. In terms of developing local coffee, consumers' sensory quality knowledge plays a vital role for coffee producer and marketer to increase sales. Taking this fact into account, the purpose of this study was to establish the quality of the sensory attributes of two selected local Indonesian coffee grown in Cianjur and Pangalengan, West Java. This study also aims to determine consumer perceptions of the attributes. Quality of the sensory attributes was evaluated by three certified panelists from the Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute using cup testing method according to Specialty Coffee Association of America (SCAA) standard, while consumer perception was studied based on gap analysis between perceived importance and performance of the sensory attributes, assessed by 35 participants. Result revealed that the coffees had passed specialty grade and customer satisfaction, indicating the great potential for their market development. However, improvements in several sensory attributes such as flavour, aftertaste, and balance still need to be done.


A new technique for synthesis of 2 methoxy 5 acetamino N,N diethylaniline was introduced by using 2 methoxy 5 acetaminoaniline and chloroethane in the aqueous solution. The effect of reaction conditions such as the kinds of acid combined agent, the amount of acid combined agent and chloroethane, reaction temperature was also investigated.


China is a big fishery country,as an important part of China's many industries,fishery is important survival industry for many people. Based on the special nature of this industry,the training of relevant practitioners also very important. Because of the complicated situation at sea,in addition to related skills,sailors also should have the ability to respond to maritime changing environment. On the other hand,the quality level of related practitioners can cause different effects on the marine environment.


This paper analyses how labour market heterogeneity a¤ects unemployment, productivity and business cycle dynamics that are relevant for monetary policy. The model matches remarkably well the short and long run dynamics of skilled and unskilled workers. Skill mismatch and skill-speci…c labour market institutions have three main e¤ects on business cycles and growth dynamics. First, as the composition of labour market skills leads to supply segmentation, the relative scarcity of skilled workers increases the natural rate of unemployment and reduces total factor productivity with longrun e¤ects on the growth rate of output. Second, skill heterogeneity in the labour market generates asymmetric outcomes and ampli…es measures of employment, wages and consumption inequality. Finally, the model provides important insights for the Phillips and Beveridge curves. Skill-speci…c labour market heterogeneity leads to a ‡attening of the Phillips curve as wages and unemployment are a¤ected di¤erently across skill types. Also, the model generates sideward shifts of the Beveridge curve following business cycle shocks that are related to the degree of skill heterogeneity. JEL classi…cation: E24, E3, E5, O41, J64 Keywords: Monetary policy, labour market, skill heterogeneity, endogenous growth, unemployment ‡uctuations; Phillips curve; Beveridge curve; consumption inequality. ECB Working Paper Series No 2651 / February 2022 1 Non-Technical Summary Technological changes have been skill biased during the last decades and technological revolutions have led to capital reallocation towards highly innovative jobs and …rms. This, in turn, has a¤ected labour productivity and its dispersion across …rms as well as wage premia among skilled and unskilled workers. Skill-biased and routine-biased technological changes have further built up heterogeneity in labour market outcomes, including inequality across workers. This has transformed the long-term potential of modern economies as well as their business cycle dynamics, including the macroeconomic environment in which monetary policy operates. This paper develops a model to analyse how labour market skill heterogeneity a¤ects, among others, unemployment, productivity and wages. It derives important insights for monetary policy as it looks at the relationship between wages and unemployment the Phillips curve –and at the relationship between job vacancies and unemployment the Beveridge curve –over the business cycle. The model combines three main ingredients: (i) three di¤erent types of households: entrepreneurs, high-skilled and low-skilled workers, (ii) segmented labour markets for skilled and unskilled workers, with search and matching frictions in each of them and (iii) endogenous productivity through R&D investment and intangible capital accumulation. The model is calibrated for the euro area aggregate and at a quarterly frequency. Standard macroeconomic variables are derived from Eurostat National Accounts and the HICP database, while data on wages and employment rates by skills are from Eurostat EU SILC (2005 – 2018) and the Labour Force Survey (2000-2019) database. The model provides a rich characterization of the labour market and a rigorous framework to study the interaction between the economy's skill distribution, labour market institutions and business cycle dynamics. In our model, skill-speci…c labour market heterogeneities lead to a ‡attening of the Phillips curve as wages and unemployment levels are a¤ected di¤erently across skill types, with unskilled workers being more likely to become unemployed while skilled ones are more likely to be re-hired at a lower wage. Hence, at the aggregate level, skill heterogeneity has an impact on the sensitivity of wages to unemployment conditions. Skill heterogeneity is also important for the Beveridge curve. While business cycle shocks generally lead to ‡uctuations along the Beveridge curve, the presence of skill heterogeneity in the model can generate larger side shifts. This shows that not all outward shifts of the Beveridge curve –leading to an increase in the unemployment rate –are related to labour market ine¢ ciency and therefore it has implications for the assessment of the natural rate of unemployment. We show that the model is able to match the dynamics of wages and employment rates after the ECB Working Paper Series No 2651 / February 2022 2 global …nancial and euro area sovereign debt crisis. This is so because the introduction of labour market skills allows a strong reaction of the wage skill premium to be generated along with a gap between skilled and unskilled employment rates. In doing so, the model is able to generate meaningful developments in consumption and wage inequality across skill types. ECB Working Paper Series No 2651 / February 2022 3


For the complete family of aldopyranoses, the relative amounts of α and β anomers present in aqueous solution can be explained solely in terms of the relative hydrophilicities of the anomeric pairs. Hydrophilicity is defined here as the probability that a water ⋯ solute hydrogen bond will from, and a method for its calculation is described. The hydrophilicities of the sugars also correlate with a number of, previously uninterpretable, thermodynamic data which shows the structure-breaking effect of sugar solutions follows the order glucose > mannose > galactose.


Population programmes all over the world have had many mentors. Among them are physicians, demographers, economists, sociologists, admen and communicators. Though some what belatedly, management experts are now beginning to catch up with them. Undoubtedly, population programmes have a management aspect which is important and commands attention as programme costs mount and returns fall off. The Indian family planning programme has been in the field for a quarter of a century, but its achievement is not matched by its age, though much money and dedication have been invested in it. The author of this compendious study addresses himself to this problem as an exponent of management science. He traces the evolution of the programme over the years and proceeds to examine its organisational structure and operational procedures. Adopting the "systems approach'', he views the functioning of the programme as a system within the larger set-up of the system of public administration in the country.


Geographical variations in the age‐adjusted death rate from Parkinson's disease (PD) were analyzed using Japanese vital statistics for 1977–1985. The highest age‐adjusted PD death rate was 2.7 times higher in Tottori (2.9 per 100000 population aged 25 years and over) than Fukushima (1.1) prefectures. The overall age‐adjusted PD death rate was 1.8. The age‐adjusted PD death rate was higher in urban (2.0) than in rural (1.7) areas during the period 1979–1985. The age‐adjusted PD death rate was higher in the southwest than in the northeast. Correlation coefficients between the age‐adjusted PD death rate, and the mean physician‐population ratio and the mean neurologist‐population ratio were positive, but not statistically significant. The regional variations in the age‐adjusted PD death rate were not entirely explained by the availability of medical facilities. Environmental risk factors for PD might differ regionally. Further investigation is needed to explain the differential age‐adjusted PD death rate in Japan.


In this paper, we examine the characteristics of charities that have generated substantive increases in their fundraising income. We interviewed 25 fundraising directors and team members, from organizations experiencing rapid growth, adopting a "decoding the discipline" approach to identify how each organization had overcome key barriers to its success. We identify that fundraising leaders in these exceptional nonprofits focus particularly on matters connected to their team, organizational structures that support that team, and the development of an organization-wide learning culture. We also find that these teams were successful because of the "systems" way in which they understood and coped with the complexities of decision making. They were exceptional in isolating the right problems and exceptional too in the processes they adopted to solve them.

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