'Hybrid' functional electrical stimulation (FES) ergometer rowing is a novel training therapy that enables the spinal cord injury (SCI) population to exercise the innervated upper body together with the electrically stimulated lower body muscles. This produces significantly greater aerobic power and peak oxygen consumption than either upper body or FES exercise alone. However, there is minimal information on the mechanical efficiency of FES‐rowing in the SCI population. A Concept 2 rowing ergometer was adapted to accommodate SCI patients and was instrumented to record upper body force and lower limbs forces. The objective of this work was to characterize efficiency during FES‐rowing by measuring the forces applied by the arms and the legs and the parameters observed during maximal aerobic capacity tests in SCI and able‐bodied rowers. The current setup allows correlating changes in oxygen consumption with changes in effective muscle forces collected at the feet and handle at three submaximal rowing intensities and during a submaximal bout of rowing to fatigue in SCI and able‐bodied rowers. The data suggests that while able‐bodied rowers increase legs and arms forces proportional with increased rowing intensity, the SCI rowers use primarily their arms to achieve a higher rowing wattage. FES‐rowing has positive effects on cardio‐respiratory fitness showing an increase in oxygen consumption; however, we hypothesize that this effect would be greatly enhanced by increasing the mechanical work done by the legs in SCI rowers.


Smart phones, iPods, e-readers, webcams, iPads and more...my humble listing does not even touch the surface of the plethora of hard-to-pass-up gadgets introduced by technology.


This article discusses the use of the Python programming language in simulation modeling. Examples of areas where these models are used are given, as well as simple listings of programs used for data analytics and simulation modeling are considered by example. The forecast about the future development of simulation modeling systems is given.


This paper presents an approach based on differential evolution (DE) for the design of thin film filters. Four projects of thin film filters are evaluated and the results are compared with particle swarm optimization (PSO). The results obtained show that DE can be a viable technique on the design of this kind of optical filters.


This study highlights the impact of key success factor on profit performance. The recommendations should be used as guideline for Malian enterprises.The quantitative and qualitative methods, primary data collected by questionnaires and interviews are used. Secondary data are gotten from articles, journals and online resources. The research framework was analyzed using multiple regression models. Hypothesis test is adopted to accept or reject the hypothesis formulated in this research. Excel software have been used to perform the test, the measures of p-value, coefficient of determination, the adjusted coefficient of determination, the degree of freedom, the coefficient of Fisher and its critical value.The results suggest that key success factors have significant impact on profit performance. Key success factors have a positive impact on profit performance is valid hypothesis. This study makes several contributions to research and theory of key success factors and profit performance. A greater understanding of key success factors and profit performance provided further investigation of the relationship between of key success factors and profit performance. This model can be used by other enterprise to increase its profit performance. Through the use of this model, enterprise can quickly identify areas requiring urgent improvement.SODEMA industry needs improvement in chain communication systems, manufacturing techniques, and transportation capabilities as alternatives to investing in large inventories and production capacities. The theoretical model developed in this study is applicable in practice.


Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) are collections of wireless mobile nodes constructed dynamically without the use of any existing network infrastructure or centralized administration. Due to the limited transmission range of wireless network interfaces, multiple hops may be needed for one node to exchange data with another across the network. MANETs are characterized by limited power resource, high mobility and limited bandwidth. Routing in MANETs is a very important technology. In this paper, the authors introduce the Ad hoc network and the kay technology routing protocol, analyze and compare routing in Ad hoc networks in terms of delay, traffic distribution and connection throughput. The results show that in comparison with AODV, DSR and CBRP,the mechanism creates more delay and overhead but provides better performance in connection throughput.


The use of steel in aerospace manufacture continues to decrease, owing in part to the sustainability and mechanical properties of fibers which have higher strength in minimum weight than steel. This study was defined to evaluate the mechanical properties of high-performance fibers, especially aramid, in terms of composite to be part of aircraft' wings called CN-235. The reinforcements were pre-impregnated by the materials manufacturers, under heat and pressure, with a pre-catalysed resin. Then the layering of aramid prepregs was carried with a dry lay-up process and cured in the autoclave at a temperature of 125°C and pressure of 3 bar for 90 minutes. The aramid composite was cured in various grain directions and examined in mechanical tests such as tensile, compression, and interlaminar shear strength tests. The result showed an insignificant difference between 0 and 90 degrees of grain direction in aramid composite in any properties. The strength of aramid composite with 90 degrees of grain direction has a higher value in the compression test (less than 5%) while having lower value in tensile and interlaminar shear tests.


PAVEMENT EVALUATION IS NEEDED FOR EVALUATING DESIGN CRITERIA, FOR PROGRAMMING MAINTENANCE FUNDS, AND FOR MAKING SURE THAT PAVEMENTS SATISFY THE TRAVELLING PUBLIC. CRITERIA ARE DISCUSSED FOR EVALUATING PAVEMENTS. IT SEEMS THAT A PREFERRED OBJECTIVE FOR PAVEMENT EVALUATION STUDIES IS TO ESTABLISH THE MINIMUM PERFORMANCE LEVELS (FOR VARIOUS TYPES OF HIGHWAYS) THAT A PARTICULAR HIGHWAY SYSTEM HAS THE FUNDS TO SUPPORT. RESEARCH GOASLS OF PAVEMENT EVALUATION SHOULD BE ACCOMPLISHED BY DETERMINATION OF: (1) THE BASIS FOR MEASURING PAVEMENT SURFACE CHARACTERISTICS BY EACH HIGHWAY JURISDICTION, (2) THE SATISFACTORY LEVEL OF RIDABILITY FOR VARIOUS CLASSES OF HIGHWAYS, AND (3) USE OF THE ELASTIC-INELASTIC THEORIES WITH STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS APPROACH TO PRODUCE REALISTIC ESTIMATES OF THE CHANGE IN RIDABILITY.


Industrial cluster is new development of industrial organization and new phenomenon of spatial economy.It plays an important role in promoting the level of urbanization.This paper,by applying the method of canonical correlation analysis,has empirically studied the interrelationship between industrial cluster and urbanization.It found out that industrial cluster has remarkable relevance with urbanization.The interaction development between the industrial clusters and urbanization has been a strong motivation of regional economic development.Reasonable and effective regional economic policies may promote harmonious interaction between industrial clusters and urbanization so as to improve the competitiveness of regional economy.


Day‐of‐hatch Leghorn chicks were treated by oral gavage with PREEMPT™, a continuous‐flow competitive exclusion culture containing broiler caecal bacteria, followed by an oral challenge with Listeria monocytogenes, to determine the effects of PREEMPT™ on L. monocytogenes caecal colonization. Increased (P < 0·001) concentrations of caecal propionic acid in control chicks compared with PREEMPT™‐treated chicks at 3 days of age were indicative of the establishment of the PREEMPT™ bacteria. Caeca from control chicks at 7 days after the oral challenge with L. monocytogenes contained mean 3·4 ± 1·4 log cfu g−1 of caecal content, while caeca from PREEMPT™‐treated chicks contained no detectable Listeria. Enrichment for L. monocytogenes resulted in 100 % of caeca from control chicks testing culture‐positive for L. monocytogenes, while none of the caeca from PREEMPT™‐treated chicks were culture‐positive. The results indicated that prophylactic treatment of newly hatched chicks with PREEMPT™ significantly reduced caecal colonization by L. monocytogenes.


Using thunderstorm data of 88 stations in Guangxi from 1951 through 2005,we obtained the mean annual and seasonal thunderstorm time series which were analyzed then by the Morlet wavelet method.Results show that the series displaies significant characteristics of periodic oscillations with stronger 2-and 4-yearly periods,and has 12~14-yearly periods existing universally in the whole time domain.On the other hand,the distribution of these frequencies and their intensities is different.We can forecast that Guangxi would enter the multi-thunder phase in the future several years.Based on the simple regression analysis,the thunderstorm days in Guangxi exhibit a decreasing tendency on a long-term basis.The mean annual thunderstorm days in north Guangxi are less than that in the southern part.It is in the southeast and coastal regions of Guangxi where the thunderstorm are the most frequent and in the other region where thunderstorm is sub-frequent according to the meteorological standard in China.The beginning and end of the main thunderstorm phase in southwest Guangxi is later than that in the northeast area.The lasting time of thunderstorm phase in northeast region is longer than that in southwest region.Besides the thunderstorm intensity,the main causes of the thunderstorm damage are the unqualified lightning protection equipments in the building,the imperfect lightning protection of the electronic installations and the weak consciousness for the lightning protection.This paper also offers some proposals for protecting the lightning in terms of its damage causes,providing a consult for the protection.


Long‐term monitoring of the food web of a regulated hydropeaking river was conducted to assess if previously documented effects of changing ramping rates (RRs) were maintained with the addition of 6 years of data. Using carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analyses, we hypothesized that: (1) macroinvertebrates and fish inhabiting areas below peaking hydrodams would be higher in δ15N and lower in δ13C due to increased flow velocity and the influence of light respired dissolved inorganic carbon, relative to those sampled from areas with a natural flow regime; (2) the increase in δ15N of macroinvertebrates would lead a shorter food web length in the regulated river, but δ13C and niche width would be similar between the restricted and unrestricted RR periods (i.e., the BACI analysis); and (3) isotopic metrics (e.g., δ13C, δ15N, niche width [SEAB], and food chain length [Δ15N]) would correlate with variations in flow characteristics through time. Consistent with previous analysis conducted over a shorter time period, a shift toward higher δ15N values was observed for both fish and invertebrates, but, contrarily, only invertebrates (not fish) had a lower δ13C value downstream of the dam. Over the long term, the before‐after‐control‐impact analysis found no effect of RRs on any of the food web metrics, implying that the change in operation did not affect the river food web. However, analysis of the time series data indicated that flow metrics and trophic metrics were often correlated, including a negative effect of RR (invertebrates) and discharge (fish) on food chain length. This study illustrates the difficulty in detecting changes in food web structure and function under changing flow regime influenced by natural and anthropogenic effects. As such, this study highlights the need for considering large spatial and temporal scales to differentiate between confounding effects of climate, natural variability, and altered flow regimes on food webs in regulated rivers.


Reading is a complex process of psychological cognition and inference. Besides a good mastery of language, background knowledge and reading skills, one's capability of conducting discourse analysis is indispensable to a thorough understanding of a passage. Based on the theory of textual cohesion theorized by Halliday Hasan, and on the theory of encapsulation and prospection-two major sentential relationships observed by J. Sinclair-this paper discusses and analyzes thefunctions of cohesion, encapsulation and prospection in reading.


The mid-infrared (MIR) region is one of the most thriving spectral regions as it contains the vibrational resonances of several molecules of interest, as well as the absorption bands for hot bodies. In this work, we propose a novel dielectric waveguide that confines the light in a nanoscale air gap. This dielectric waveguide is a suitable candidate for on-chip sensing. Detailed dispersion analysis of this 3D waveguide is also provided. The effect of the refractive index change in the gap is studied and shows very high sensitivity and causes significant changes in the modal parameters. We also show that these waveguide modes exhibit plasmonic-like characteristics at the MIR region with controllable plasma frequency, without the inclusion of any metals. This waveguide is also utilized in various on-chip applications with nanoscale confinement at the MIR region.


The ability to train neural networks depends on access to data. In some areas, for example in medicine, it is difficult to obtain large datasets since medical data can contain very sensitive information. It is desirable to anonymize the dataset in such a way that the utility of machine learning prediction models is preserved. In this paper, we compare different methods of fooling deep neural networks. We investigate how different algorithms affects the accuracy of one classification task while fooling classifier in the other classification task.


Techniques that were available for building electronic diagnostic systems were evaluated. All avenues of development that could lead to a concise practical approach were covered. Knowledge implementation in causal reasoning and in heuristic classification (FET device) was considered. The application of the heuristic classification syyttwas shown to be best suited for small systems. It could be used to teach the symptoms of devices, which might enable users of the causal system to have a better understanding of what they do. The causal system was ideal for large systems. The establish/refine summary after running the process provided a detailed analysis report about the system.<<ETX>>


This paper describes characteristics of a visua1−guided tracking movement in response to variable elastic loads, produced by a visco−elastic torque generator, in patients with spinocerebellar degen母ration(SCD). Sublects tracked a target, which moved 30。 at 100/s, by aflexing their wri$ts. The error angle between the target pQsitiQn and the hand position was larger i捻pat量ents with Sα)than i雛nQrmal sects. Afrequency analysis of a locus of hand positioll showed a characteristic peak which appeared and shifted from 4 Hz to 6 Hz when the elastic load increased in normal subjects. These peaks were also observed in patients with SCD;however, the peaks were observed at a Iower frequency, and the range of peak shift was smaller. From these results, we conclude that the disturbance of the elastic modulatioll of muscles in SCD patients may cause an instability in hand movement.


Introduction. Oral ciprofloxacin extended-release formulation decreases the risk of treatment failure and prevents the development of antimicrobial resistance. However, non-equivalent formulations lead to subtherapeutic plasma drug concentrations, increasing the risk of such problems. Objective. To determine the bioequivalence of two oral ciprofloxacin extended-release tablet formulations (1,000 mg) in healthy Mexican volunteers. Material and Methods. In this open-label 2 × 2 crossover design study, 26 healthy volunteers were randomly allocated to receive a single dose of the reference drug Cipro XR® (Bayer, Mexico) and the test formulation Ciproflox DM® (Senosiain Laboratories, Mexico). Blood samples were obtained for 24 hours. Ciprofloxacin plasma levels were quantified using a validated liquid chromatography method. Pharmacokinetic parameters were obtained by standard non-compartmental analysis. In order to determine bioequivalence, log-transformed test/reference ratios of Cmax, AUC0-t, and AUC0-inf were compared by an analysis of variance, followed by the 90 % confidence intervals and the Schuirmann bilateral test. Results. The 90 % confidence intervals ranged from 85.69 to 114.31 % for Cmax, 85.16-115.84 % in AUC0-t, and 85.39-114.61 % for AUC0-inf, all cases were within bioequivalence acceptance criteria (80-125 %). Schuirmann test verified the probability that the values were within these criteria (p < 0.05). No side-effects were observed with any treatment. Conclusions. The results obtained demonstrate bioequivalence between the analyzed formulations.


Dielectric substrates are widely used in antenna applications. Since the specifications of a dielectric substrate such as thickness and relative permittivity are determined by manufacturers, antenna engineers' designs are restricted. Using additive manufacturing (AM) technology in dielectric materials fabrication allows customizing the dimensions of the materials and this is useful in conformal antenna applications. Furthermore, AM technology constructs successive layers of materials to create a three-dimensional (3D) structures. It can fabricate dielectric substrates with customized internal structures in one process. This enables AM to produce synthetic dielectric materials without mechanical machining. The dielectric index of materials such as permittivity and loss factor can be tailored to the value as demanded with different internal structures of the material. Therefore the additive manufactured dielectric materials that are cost efficient and can be rapid manufactured will become increasingly attractive in antenna fabrication. The advances in digital AM equipment and new materials enable 3D printing to produce a wide range of products and have been applied in electronics manufacturing and antenna applications (E. Canelon et al. EuCAP, 2014).


A revised and updated SKILLS OF THE GAME title which, with the aid of photographs and diagrams, explains all aspects of playing the game of badminton, with step-by-step instructions.


The application of microwave technology in halogen-exchange reaction has many merits, such as short reaction time and high yield.p-Fluoronitrobenzene, o-fluoronitrobenzene,3-chloro-4-fluoronitrobenzene and 5-chloro-2-fluoronitrobenzene were prepared from corresponding chloronitrobenzenes catalyzed by cetyltrimethylammonium bromide under microwave irradiation in 91.1%,44.4%,92.1% and 53.9% yield respectively,all of them better than those with traditional methods under the same reaction conditions.The reaction rates were also increased by 6,6,12 and 21 times respectively against ordinary heating.Experimental results showed that the solvents used in this reaction in the order of superiority are:dimethyl sulfoxide sulfolane N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone N,N-dimethyl acetamide N,N-dimethyl formamide.


To investigate the effect of feeding rare earth (RE) on the performance of breeder hens a feeding trial with sixteen thousands of 158 day old Ross broiler breeder hens was conducted for thirty weeks. A mixture of RE- chlorides containing mainly La, Ce, and Pr was mixed into corn-soy based diet at two levels, 300 and 600 mg/kg, All the hens were housed in flat layer houses and the ratio of male to female was maintained at one to ten. Dietary supplementation of the of RE at a level of 300 mg/kg made the hens reach egg production peak higher by about 6% and earlier by about two weeks. As a result, it made higher hatchable egg production by 3.5%. It also reduced dramatically the mortality of both male and female breeders(P


We study aggregations for ordinary differential equations induced by fluid semantics for Markovian process algebra which can capture the dynamics of performance models and chemical reaction networks. Whilst previous work has required perfect symmetry for exact aggregation, we present approximate fluid lumpability, which makes nearby processes perfectly symmetric after a perturbation of their parameters. We prove that small perturbations yield nearby differential trajectories. Numerically, we show that many heterogeneous processes can be aggregated with negligible errors.


Because all aspects of reasons, some areas in China are subject to different levels of soil pollution, ecological environment, food security and agricultural sustainable development constitutes a threat, soil pollution, the situation is grim. Cleanup (or remediation) technologies available for reducing the harmful effects at heavy metal-contaminated sites include Solidification/Stabilization Technologies, Soil Washing, Soil Flushing, and the use of growing plants to stop he spread of contamination or to extract the metals from the soil (phytoremediation).


This paper presents a complex permittivity inversion method based on free-space method and BP neural network. The free-space method can operate the non-contact measurement of large area composite materials, and there are no strict process requirements for the measured materials. Based on the chamber measurement platform and the principle of free-space method, a complex permittivity measurement system is established. The complex permittivity of air and soil at frequencies from 22 GHz to 26 GHz were measured by this measurement system. Then, same samples are used for measurement in the coaxial waveguide system. Results show that relative error of the real part of complex permittivity measured by the two methods is less than 6.5%, which verifies the accuracy of the data measured in chamber. Next, the soil measurement data from 22 GHz to 26 GHz are used as the training data, and three BP neural networks are trained respectively. The difference is that one neural network outputs the real and imaginary parts of the complex permittivity at the same time, and the other two neural networks outputs the real and imaginary parts respectively. Finally, the three trained BP neural networks are used to invert the complex permittivity of soil at frequencies from 18 GHz to 21 GHz. The inversion results are compared with the measurement results of waveguide method again. After comparison, it is found that the relative error obtained by using two BP neural networks for inversion is smaller. The average error of complex permittivity is 6.64%, which verifies the reliability of the inversion method.


Moraxella catarrhalis is an emerging human respiratory pathogen in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and in children with acute otitis media. The specific secretion machinery known as outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) is a mechanism by which Gram‐negative pathogens interact with host cells during infection. We identified 57 proteins in M. catarrhalis OMVs using a proteomics approach combining two‐dimensional SDS‐PAGE and MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry analysis. The OMVs contained known surface proteins such as ubiquitous surface proteins (Usp) A1/A2, and Moraxella IgD‐binding protein (MID). Most of the proteins are adhesins/virulence factors triggering the immune response, but also aid bacteria to evade the host defence. FITC‐stained OMVs bound to lipid raft domains in alveolar epithelial cells and were internalized after interaction with Toll‐like receptor 2 (TLR2), suggesting a delivery to the host tissue of a large and complex group of OMV‐attributed proteins. Interestingly, OMVs modulated the pro‐inflammatory response in epithelial cells, and UspA1‐bearing OMVs were found to specifically downregulate the reaction. When mice were exposed to OMVs, a pulmonary inflammation was clearly seen. Our findings indicate that Moraxella OMVs are highly biologically active, transport main bacterial virulence factors and may modulate the epithelial pro‐inflammatory response.


This paper presents a numerical implementation of a first-principles envelope-function theory derived recently by the author [B. A. Foreman, Phys. Rev. B 72, 165345 (2005)]. The examples studied deal with the valence subband structure of $\mathrm{Ga}\mathrm{As}∕\mathrm{Al}\mathrm{As}$, $\mathrm{Ga}\mathrm{As}∕{\mathrm{Al}}_{0.2}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{0.8}\mathrm{As}$, and ${\mathrm{In}}_{0.53}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{0.47}\mathrm{As}∕\mathrm{In}\mathrm{P}$ (001) superlattices calculated using the local-density approximation to density-functional theory and norm-conserving pseudopotentials without spin-orbit coupling. The heterostructure Hamiltonian is approximated using quadratic-response theory, with the heterostructure treated as a perturbation of a bulk reference crystal. The valence subband structure is reproduced accurately over a wide energy range by a multiband envelope-function Hamiltonian with linear renormalization of the momentum and mass parameters. Good results are also obtained over a more limited energy range from a single-band model with quadratic renormalization. The effective kinetic-energy operator ordering derived here is more complicated than in many previous studies, consisting in general of a linear combination of all possible operator orderings. In some cases, the valence-band Rashba coupling differs significantly from the bulk magnetic Luttinger parameter. The splitting of the quasidegenerate ground state of no-common-atom superlattices has non-negligible contributions from both short-range interface mixing and long-range dipole terms in the quadratic density response.


The carbon-13 resonances of atoms bearing phenolic or enolic hydroxyl groups, that are engaged in intramolecular hydrogen bonds, experience large (/sup 2/..delta.. may exceed 1 ppm) upfield deuterium isotope effects. The magnitude of the two-bond isotope effect, /sup 2/..delta.., correlates with the hydrogen bond energy as obtained from the hydroxyl proton chemical shift. In the conjugated systems investigated in this work, the isotope effects extend over several (up to six) chemical bonds. The signs and magnitudes of the long-range isotope effects are related to molecular structure.


China is a transitional and developing country with the largest population and number of farmers in the world, and shows a striking feature of urban-rural dual structure. The major content in China's rising modernization is the process of urbanization transformation, urbanization of small and middle-sized city in China should become the basic path selection. Which involves three important issues: concept, people, and institution. Only based on the modernization of concept, people and institution, there will automatically generate the modernization of industry, agriculture, technology and national defense, and thus consistently developing prosperous of both the country and the citizens.更多还原


The invention relates to a method for manufacturing an array substrate of a semi-permeable liquid crystal display device. The method comprises the following steps of: forming grid wires, common wiresand embossments through a monotone mask plate; forming data wires, source/drain electrodes, a baffle board and a TFT channel through a first bitonic mask plate; and forming a pixel electrode connectedwith the drain electrode through a second bitonic mask plate, and thus realizing the manufacturing of the array substrate of the horizontal electric field type semi-permeable liquid crystal display device. Compared with the prior manufacturing of the array substrate of a horizontal electric field type permeable liquid crystal display device, the method for manufacturing the array substrate uses one monotone mask plate to replace one bitonic mask plate, and achieves a semi-permeable array substrate, thereby effectively reducing the manufacturing cost of the semi-permeable array substrate; besides, compared with the prior art, the method achieves the manufacturing of the array substrate of the horizontal electric field type permeable liquid crystal display device on the premise of reducingone time of an ashing process, thereby effectively improving the production efficiency.


Does the obesity paradox exist in heart failure? What roles do ejection fraction and type 2 diabetes & acute decompensated heart failure play?


This dissertation is a new interpretation of the stories told by the Piegan people (now known as the Blackfeet) from 1880-1920, about their relationship with the natural world. It is a history of the transition to reservation life, the economy of the reservation, individual Piegan who told the stories, the ethnographers who recorded the stories and what those stories tell us about Piegan views of the natural world. It is a blend of different methodologies within history: archival research, ethnohistory, oral history and first-person narrative. This new interpretation argues that although the transition to reservation life was difficult, the Piegan worked with ethnographers to share their stories and their view of the natural world which had provided them stability and continuity since ancient times. The Piegan View of the Nature World, 1880-1920 By Rosalyn R. LaPier Preface: Something Vital Was Missing. . . . . . . . . . . . . .


Gillett and Huang (2013) rightly stress that societal aspects of psychopathology imply society has responsibilities toward psychopaths. In this commentary, I argue that society should not only take up its responsibility toward psychopaths, but also help psychopaths to become responsible themselves. Forensic psychiatry should regard psychopaths as personswho are able to developmoral insight and should foster and support theirmoral development. Thus, it should go beyond seeing psychopaths as perpetrators (bad) and victims (mad), and enable them to become true members of society.


The US Boiler MACT (maximum achievable control technology) regulations (codified under 40 CFR Part 63) in its current form requires existing large coal-fired industrial and utility boilers (under 25 MW) to meet emission limits for particulate matter or total selected metals, mercury and hydrogen chloride, as well as other operational limits. The MACT provision also requires affected facilities to develop startup, shutdown and malfunction plans (SSMP). The original date for Boiler MACT compliance for existing units had been 13 September 2007. However, on 8 June the US Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia issued an order effectively killing all existing MACT rules for industrial boilers. The Court instructed the US EPA to rewrite two sets of regulations. (Prior to April 2006 the MACT general provisions said the SSMPs needed to be 'developed and implemented'.) It seems unlikely that any new revision of the Boiler MACT by the EPA will take effect before mid-2008. Regardless of which direction the MACT rule is headed, now is the time to be prepared to comply with the SSMP requirements. The article sets out recommended steps for developing an effective SSMP.


The article deals with the analyses of the specific features of management system of internal affairs bodies. The article describes the purposes and tasks, functions, elements, principles and factors influencing the management system of internal affairs bodies.


alleviation of that suffering, demands the serious consideration of every practitioner. Symptoms of irritation of the bladder are very frequent among females; but it is the aggravated stage of the symptoms, when they are liable to be confounded with stone, that I shall now notice, and, according to my observation, they are not confined to either the single or married state. I will here take the liberty of quoting a passage from Mr. John Burns " Principles of Midwifery." He observes, (page 63) that " in many cases the symptoms of stone are


Results are presented from an experimental investigation of perpendicular, hydrogen fuel injection and combustion from opposing walls in a scramjet combustor model using a longitudinally staged laterally inline step-injection configuration. The model represents a portion of the flow in the Langley integrated modular scramjet engine combustor operating at a flight Mach number of 7. When operating at a ratio of jet pressure to free-stream dynamic pressure of 3, the injectors produce a bulk equivalence ratio of unity. This investigation represents part of a continuing study of the modular engine fuel injectors and is specifically designed to eliminate the adverse lateral pressure gradient observed at the injector location in a previous test. Flow survey contours at three axial locations, ranging from one-third of the engine combustor length to the total engine combustor length, are used to determine mixing efficiency and fuel distribution. Wall static pressures are analyzed by using one-dimensional theory to determine the combustion efficiency. Results show a significant improvement over previous injector designs tested in this duct geometry.


In the early stage of a drug discovery process, researchers may be faced with little or no structure activity relationship (SAR) information. The process by which a new drug is brought to market stage is referred to by a number of names most commonly as the development chain or "pipeline" and consists of a number of distinct stages. To design a rational drug, we must firstly find out which proteins can be the drug targets in pathogenesis (Chen et al., 2006).


The present invention relates to phenyl amino pyrimidine compounds and application thereof, described compound is the inhibitor of protein kinase (including jak kinase).Especially, described compound has selectivity to JAK2 kinases.Described inhibitors of kinases can be used for treating kinase associated disorders, such as immune disease and inflammatory diseases (including organ transplantation);Excess proliferative disease (includes cancer and myeloproliferative diseases);Viral disease;Metabolic disease;And angiopathy.


The present invention is method for forming a sandwich structure having a pattern of particulate material enveloped between a carrier material and a cover material. The method allows accurate forming of pre-determined pattern at high production speed. Such a method is particularly useful in the manufacture of disposable absorbent articles, such as baby diapers. ® KIPO & WIPO 2007


The current study investigated the pedagogical implication of Clause Expansion (CE) mastery to improve academic English writing skills. Fifteen students  participated in the study. A two-cycle action research design was used to justify how the mastery of clause expansion contributed to the development of academic writing skills.  Prior to intervention, they were assigned to write academic texts based on IELTS writing test. Then, they were given a three-week task-based e-learning instruction on CE., based on Systemic Functional Linguistic Framework of Clause Expansion.In the process of Explicit Instruction (EI) of CE, they were exposed in academic writing exercises to apply their knowledge on CE in various grammatical contexts in which it is required as Input Flood (IF).  Another test was administered to see how it progressed from the pre-test. Then, another three-week task-based e-learning module, was given for their second online learning activities. A post-test was administered to see how it contributed to their overall writing skills. It turned out that CE mastery under e-learning special instruction did significantly improve their writing skills. They become more confident in writing academic texts. It is highly recommended that CE be taught as an integral part of a writing course.


Introduction Cystic lymphangioma is a benign malformation tumor of the lymphatic system. Its location is variable, and mesocolic localization remains extremely rare. Case presentation We report a case of right mesocolon giant cystic lymphangioma in a previously healthy 14-year-old boy who was successfully managed through a minimally invasive laparoscopic excision. The patient presented with 8 months of dull abdominal pain, sporadic, located on the peri-umbilicus, exacerbated for a month. An abdominal computed tomography (CT) revealed a large, multiseptated cystic mass on the right mesocolon. Right mesocolic excision using a laparoscope was performed on this patient. He was discharged on the fifth day without complications. Recurrence was not detected in three months of follow-up. Conclusion Cystic lymphangiomas in the mesocolon are rare benign neoplasms that pose diagnostic challenges. Complete resection is the optimal option for diagnostic confirmation and recurrence prevention. Laparoscopic surgery is feasible for children with mesocolic lymphangioma.


Extracting building rooftops in satellite/aerial images is one of the most challenging problems in the application of computer vision for remote sensing. In this paper a new contour propagation model for rooftop boundary detection is proposed. It includes developing contour models that evolve by leaping on image corners and edge points while minimizing an energy function based on image corner responses, image color invariants and edge points. The proposed method is capable for coping with the complications associated with the gabled rooftop using Gaussian color invariance modeling. Experimental results for aerial/satellite images show that the average shape accuracy is above 90% for the test images of sub-urban areas.


Thin sections of wood, i.e., shavings, were used in spectroscopic measurements studying the formation and elimination of chromophores under mechanical pulping conditions. Light absorption coefficie ...


The current research situation for the identification and classification of chemicals' hazards in U.N.,EU,USA and China is reviewed.It is pointed out that the identification and classification for chemicals is one of the most important methods to obtain their safety information and evaluate their inherent risk.The identification and classification experiments must meet OECD standards.The future application about the identification and classification of chemicals' hazards and necessary work in the future are briefly outlined.It is pointed out that the basic data accumulation for safety management,emergency response and accident survey will become the emphasis of the identification and classification of chemicals' hazards,and that referring to the advanced chemical safety supervision laws and regulations such as GHS and REACH is very important to the perfection of China's chemical safety supervision laws and chemical identification and classification standards.


Reservoir Computing is a methodology coming from the field of machine learning and neural networks that has been successfully used in pattern classification problems. Instead of feeding inputs directly into a linear classifier, the classifier takes its input from a reservoir with recurrence where the inputs have been mixed. One classical implementation employs a recurrent neural network with hyperbolic tangent functions in the nodes as a reservoir. On an isolated digit speech recognition task, with 3 dB SNR babble noise added [2], these tanh reservoirs achieve a performance around 7%. In a previous paper we have already shown that a network of Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers (SOA) can be used as a reservoir on a simple signal classification task, making it an interesting hardware implementation [1]. Here, such an SOA network will be used for speech recognition.


Ultrastructural changes of the parathyroid glands of ovariectomized golden hamsters were investigated. In the parathyroid glands there is a decrease in the area of each cell occupied by the Golgi complex, in the number of prosecretory granules and in the tortuosity of plasma membrane as compared with those of the control golden hamsters. In addition, the area occupied by lipid droplets appears to be increased and the number of secretory granules in the peripheral cytoplasm and large vacuolar body appears to be decreased compared to those of the control animals. These features suggest that the synthesis and release of parathyroid hormone may be suppressed in many chief cells of the ovariectomized golden hamsters.


Understanding the cold acclimation process in plants may help us develop genetically engineered plants that are resistant to cold. The key factor in understanding this process is to study the genes ...


Task-based Language Teaching is an approach to the design of language course in which the point of departure is not an ordered list of linguistic items, but a collection of tasks. From the above definition, we can see that the purpose of TBLT is to make the learners learn some relevant language by implementing tasks. Keywords—Language Teaching; language course; Task


High-permeance ZSM-5 zeolite membrane was prepared on porous tubular α-Al 2O 3 support by varying-temperature hydrothermal synthesis. XRD patterns show that the membrane consists of ZSM-5 zeolite crystals. SEM analysis indicates that few defects exist in the membrane and the thickness of the membrane is about 9 μm. The hydrogen permeance through the membrane is about 2.4×10 -6 mol/(m 2·s·Pa), and the separation factor for n-C 4H 10/i-C 4H 10 mixture (volume ratio 1∶1) is 40, which indicates that it has a high quality with high permeance and selectivity. Repeated nucleation and re-growth of the crystals on the support result in the dense membrane formation.


authentically Reformed but with an eye toward ecumenical and interreligious cooperation in campaigns based on self-interest and oriented toward the common good. The text sometimes struggles to gain critical distance from the IAF model even as it acknowledges human sin, finitude, and the risks associated with the exercise of self-interested politics. Still, its ecumenical methodology makes it an attractive option for a broad range of Christian communities seeking to organize around social justice issues. Gench writes in an accessible manner, reflecting on his own experiences of pastoral ministry in two different urban contexts. For this reason, his work will be of particular interest to those engaged in, preparing for, or studying community organizing in an ecclesial setting. The questions and practical meditations at the end of each chapter make this an engaging text for seminary students, congregations, and religious organizers seeking to situate political engagement within a Reformed theological framework. The text will also be of great interest to religious and theological ethicists examining grassroots organizing practices and theological approaches to themes of solidarity, participation, justice, and workers' rights. Nichole M. Flores University of Virginia


A new image compression algorithm based on an adaptive vector quantization is presented. A novel efficient on-line codebook refining mechanism, called 'Gold-Washing' (GW) mechanism, including the GW algorithm which works on a dynamic codebook, called the GW codebook, is presented and implemented. This mechanism is universal so that it is suitable for any type of input data sources and is adaptive so that no source statistics transmission is needed. The asymptotic optimality of GW mechanism has been proven for not only memoryless (i.i.d.) sources but also stationary, ergodic sources. The efficiency and time complexity of the GW mechanism are analyzed. Based on this mechanism, an efficient hybrid adaptive vector quantizer which incorporates with other coding techniques such as a basic VQ with a large auxiliary codebook, called universal-mother (UM) codebook, as a new codeword generator, quadtree- based hierarchial decomposition, and classification is designed for image coding applications. From the experimental results, the performance of out image compression algorithm is competitive to and even better than those of JPEG and other coding algorithms, especially in low bit rate applications. The coded results with but rate of 0.120- 0.150 bits per pixel and acceptable image quality can be achieved.


The out-of-plane flexural capacity of conventional solid and cavity masonry walling is limited by its inherently low tensile bond strength. It is therefore difficult to use large unsupported expanses of such masonry in buildings without some form of supporting structural frame or mullion system. Consequently there has been a trend in recent years for masonry walling in industrial and commercial structures to be replaced by precast concrete or tilt-up construction. New masonry walling systems capable of overcoming these shortcomings, however, have now been developed. The techniques include partially reinforced hollow masonry, lightly post-tensioned masonry and, in particular, the use of walls of geometric cross-section such as the diaphragm and fin wall. This last technique (used widely in the United Kingdom, and to a much lesser extent in Australia) creates composite action between the various parts of a geometrically proportioned wall, dramatically increasing its strength and stiffness in both bending and compression and enabling it to span considerable vertical distances in its own right. Recent studies have shown that these techniques are as cost effective as most forms of precast concrete construction. This paper describes the principles behind the various techniques: Part 1 deals with walls of geometric cross-section, and Part 2 with reinforced and prestressed masonry.


Purpose The threshold estimation, learning effect, and between-algorithm differences of the Fast Swedish Interactive Thresholding Algorithm (SITA Fast), of the Humphrey Field Analyzer (HFA), and the Continuous Light Increment Perimetry (CLIP) strategy of the Oculus Twinfield perimeter were evaluated in damaged visual fields. Methods Twenty-one glaucomatous patients with damaged visual fields (MD worse than −8 dB) underwent Oculus Full Threshold (FT), Humphrey FT, SITA Fast, and CLIP 30–2 perimetric examinations. All the tests were repeated in a second session at least 3 days later. The point-wise differences in absolute sensitivity and of the total deviation plot values between FT and fast algorithms, between fast algorithms and the learning effect were evaluated (Wilcoxon test and Bland-Altman analysis). Results The average point-wise sensitivity difference between SITA Fast and HFA FT strategy (0.84 dB) was significantly lower than that found between CLIP and Oculus FT strategy (1.71 dB). Between-algorithm point-wise differences of the total deviation plot values of the fast strategies were not significantly different. Learning effect for SITA Fast (0.67 dB) was higher than that found for CLIP (0.39 dB). Test time for SITA (367±71 sec) and CLIP (453±98 sec) were about 55% and 35%, respectively, shorter (pp<0.001) than those found with FT algorithms. The acceptance for fast algorithms and particularly for CLIP was significantly better. Conclusions The two fast strategies, even though using very different algorithms, showed good threshold estimation compared to FT strategies with a consistent time saving in damaged visual fields.


Maadid Hanane 1, 3 , Koulali Yahya 1 , Mabrouk Achraf 2, 3 and El Mzouri El Houssine 3 . 1. Laboratory of Ecodesign, energy, environment and innovation, University Hassan 1st,Faculty of Sciences and Technologies,Settat, Morocco. 2. Laboratory of Food and Health, University Hassan 1st, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, Settat, Morocco. 3. Department of Agronomy, Regional Center for Agricultural Research, Settat, Morocco. ...................................................................................................................... Manuscript Info Abstract ......................... ........................................................................ Manuscript History


During 2010 the ATLAS detector has collected 45 pb−1 of proton-proton collisions at TeV. These data have been used for a wide range of searches such as high-mass final states and contact interactions. Early inclusive SUSY searches have been also performed for a wide range of final states. The most recent results of searches of physics beyond the Standard Model with the ATLAS detector are presented. Prospects for physics searches with ∼ 1 fb−1 of data will be discussed together with the most relevant performance results.


Application of spatial-organizational approach in analysis of ethno-political conflict and identity politics in divided, plural, multiethnic and multiracial hybrid Latin American societies allows to consider ethno-political conflict as a multidimensional and multifaceted phenomenon, as well as to analyze identity politics as one of the priority areas of public domain in the context of globalization, struggle for global collective leadership of Latin America states and for global competitiveness. The Latin American political elites have been actively promoting racial mixing, mythologized ideas of national (civic) unity, racial and ethnic homogeneity, and preferred to prevent ethnic and racial distinctions from appearing in the political discourse and in the official documents. However, the problems of race and ethnicity are still present in the national discourse and in the regional politics. The analysis conducted in the categories of political space of various components of ethno-political conflict in the specific socio-cultural and historical conditions of Latin America allowed to identify the general and the particular in the processes of transformation of models of state-territorial structure of the region in the past three decades and in historical perspective, to classify internal and external factors of the development of various transnational political spaces that can alter the established political identities, as well as to promote the formation of new macro-political communities, to comprehend the undergoing processes of decentralization and federalization in many Latin American countries, aimed at strengthening civic nationalism in the context of regionalization on the American continent in general, change in configuration of the modern world order, to evaluate the experience of regional policy in these countries.


This paper studies the effects of carbon dioxide,air and water in the wet recovery process for nickel from nickel-based deactivation catalyst.The effects of the pressure of carbon dioxide,leaching temperature and leaching time are also investigated.The results indicate that the carbon dioxide,air and water play significant role for leaching nickel from deactivation Ni/TiO2 supported catalyst.While using the same method for leaching deactivation Raney nickel catalyst,the result was not satisfactory.But the carbon dioxide used simultaneously with dilute hydrochloric acid or dilute acetic acid solution could leach nickel from Raney nickel markedly.The using of carbon dioxide promoted the leaching of nickel,achieved the purpose of reducing the amount of acid,and reduced the pollution of the environment.


Considering the limitations of chemical water plugging technology using a cement nonselective water shutoff agents as main agents in low strength,small sealing radius,poor resistance to acid and alkali and high construction risk,The solidifying agent,thickening agent,compaction material were selected,as a result,a urea formaldehyde resin sealing agents with good properties was obtained.the formula was as follows: urea formaldehyde resin+0.1%—0.35% solidifying agent GH-1+0.1%—1% thickening agent KYPQ+10%—20% compaction material CT-1.The curing time of the sealing agents was controllable from 12 min to 1200 min,and the viscosity could be adjusted flexibly between from 30 mPa · s to 10000 mPa · s,moreover,the sealing high strength was higher than 20 MPa.When injecting the system into the sand packs of permeability of 7μm2,the displacement pressure could reach up to 7 MPa.After maintaining at 70℃ for 6—8 hours,the breakthrough pressure of the consolidating body was more than 20 MPa,and the seal rate was greater than 99%.


In this article A is supposed unitary ring and M is a left A−module unitary. The main results of this paper are: 1. If A = ⊕ n∈Z An is a graded domain ring and S is a multiplicative set of homogeneous elements of A which satisfies the conditions of Ore then the ring of fraction S−1A is graded. 2. IfA = ⊕ n∈Z An is a graded domain ring,M is a left gradedA−module and S a multiplicative set of homogeneous elements of A which satisfies the conditions of Ore then the S−1A−left module of fraction S−1M is graded. 3. If A = ⊕ n∈Z An is a graded domain duo-ring and S is a set of nonzero homogeneous elements of A then S is a multiplicative set which satisfies the conditions of Ore. 458 A. Ould Chbih, M. B. F. Ben Maaouia and M. Sanghare


Motivated by M. Scharlemann and A. Thompson's definition of thin position of 3-manifolds, we define the width of a handle decomposition a 4-manifold and introduce the notion of thin position of a compact smooth 4-manifold. We determine all manifolds having width equal to $\{1,\dots, 1\}$, and give a relation between the width of $M$ and its double $M\cup_{id_\partial} \overline M$. In particular, we describe how to obtain genus $2g+2$ and $g+2$ trisection diagrams for sphere bundles over orientable and non-orientable surfaces of genus $g$, respectively. By last, we study the problem of describing relative handlebodies as cyclic covers of 4-space branched along knotted surfaces from the width perspective.


Traditional X-ray tomography has, for some time, operated under a single absorption-based contrast mechanism. However, in recent years X-ray imaging has experienced a dramatic increase in the range of accessible imaging modalities – extending the classical absorption contrast with e.g. phase contrast, dark-field contrast, fluorescence, diffraction contrast, etc. Common for almost all such new imaging modalities are that they were developed at synchrotron facilities, and then – for some – have since been implemented on laboratory X-ray systems. [1,2]


A pattern synthesis technique for arbitrary planar arrays which are characterised in terms of a generalised scattering matrix and whose radiated field is expressed as a spherical mode expansion is introduced. The procedure yields the complex-valued excitations to achieve a minimum-maximum sidelobe level given a specified pointing direction and mainlobe width, as well as prescribed field nulls. All inter-element coupling effects coming from complex radiating structures used as array elements are inherently taken into account. Numerical results are presented for arrays of dielectric resonator antennas.


The present paper describes some fundamental aspects of the thermo-mechanical behaviour of nuclear fuel elements. A general analytical study of thermal shock in these components will be considered, with reference to step variations in boundary conditions and power generation. Then the thermoelastic state will be evaluated as a function of the neutron jlux distribution and the prevention of plastic jlow collapse according to von Mises criterio n will be discussed.


The bilateral simultaneous spontaneous rupture of the quadriceps tendons is a rare condition. Of the pathologies associated with this condition, in the literature, chronic renal failure with hyperparathyroidism is of special interest. In this context, the frequency of this lesion is related to the chronicity of the renal disease. We report a case treated surgically with a good functional result in a patient under dialysis with hyperparathyroidism.


This paper considers human resources to be important for the effective functioning and development of the organization in current socio-economic conditions. Corporate management involves the impact on people (corporate staff) primarily. The authors noted that the staff management assessment is a powerful instrument to increase the management process's effectiveness. The normative documents of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine define the following methods of quality control of medical services: clinical audit and monitoring. The purpose of a clinical audit is to find opportunities to achieve high-quality health care. Continuous tracking of staff provides an opportunity to make effective management decisions and increase productivity. An adequate system for assessing the quality of medical staff should respond not only to the result of medical care but also to prevent defects. Personnel management in health care quality should be carried out to avoid mistakes in the provision of medical care. This concept is designed to create an internal structural quality management system. Therefore, it is essential to understand the assessment process and its interactions at different stages of the management process within the organization. In the paper, the authors determined ways to enhance the medical staff management assessment. The study presents the essence and features of medical staff assessment based on the general principles and methods for assessing the effectiveness of public and private medical institutions. The authors analyzed the medical staff assessment system in medical institutions and identified its features under medical reform. Besides, the study provided the investigation of the current state of the staff assessment of medical institutions. It analyzed the areas of concern in the methods and mechanisms of staff assessment. To investigate the current situation in the medical institution, the structure and movement of medical staff were analyzed. The findings identified the gaps in the current staff assessment system and the reasons for the low rates of nursing staff. The authors highlighted ways to improve the current staff assessment system in the institution through the social satisfaction criterion, interviewing the parturient women and configuration management of quality based on the PDCA cycle. The obtained results showed that the medical institution had different reserves available to increase the parturient women satisfaction with the level of medical services received.


THERE HAS RECENTLY BEEN A GROWING INTEREST in the use of asymptotic series expansions of the Edgeworth type to approximate finite sample distributions in econometrics. Working in the framework of a conventional simultaneous equations model, a number of authors [1, 2, 6, 7, and 13] have derived such expansions for various single-equation estimators and Sargan [10] has considered the problem of developing an expansion of the distribution of the full information maximum likelihood estimator (FIML). In addition, Sargan [11] has recently established an important general theorem on the validity of Edgeworth expansions for sample distributions of statistics which can be represented as very general functions of sample data, imposing only weak conditions on the class of functions. This result covers a wide variety of econometric estimators and test statistics. Nevertheless, work in this field to date has been based on two limiting assumptions: normally distributed structural disturbances and nonrandom exogenous variables. The latter is particularly unfortunate since models in practice usually involve lagged variables in the regressor set. On the other hand, there is no reason in principle, at least, why valid expansions cannot be obtained in more general models. The present paper, therefore, is concerned with extending Sargan's approximation theorem in [11] to include such cases. The central result of the paper is stated and proved in Section 2. In Section 3 we provide some discussion of the theorem and its conditions and attempt to relate them to the contemporaneous work of Sargan in [12].


Device for adjusting the pressure (1), in particular pressure regulator color for a painting installation, with a) a first membrane (9) with at least two diaphragm layers (9.1, 9.2) and an intermediate space membrane between the membrane layers (9.1, 9.2), b) a color camera (8), which is bounded by the first membrane (9), c) an air control (13), which is separated camera color by the first membrane, d) a first actuating element (10), which is arranged in the first membrane (9), e) a sensor connection (19) for recognizing a leak membrane by a sensor, leading sensor connection (19) in the diaphragm gap of the first diaphragm (9), characterized by f) an air chamber closure (14) with an air inlet closure It is adjustable pressure in the air chamber closure (14) through the air inlet closing, g) unasegunda membrane (15) flexible which is arranged in the air chamber closure (14), h) a second actuating element (16), which is arranged in the second membrane (15), i) a pin (17) which is displaceable axially, which is arranged between the first actuating element (10) and the second drive element (16) and allows a transmission of movement of the second actuating element (16) to first actuating element (10).


-This paper presents a new application example of flexible ac transmission systems (FACTS) devices in the advanced industrial power control schemes. An integrated multifunctional power quality controller and energy saving system based on the unified power flow controller (UPFC) is proposed. The proposed integrated system can compensate the reactive power, harmonic current and the unbalanced power of the controlled distribution system with a capacity-limitation manner by its shunt branch. It also can regulate multiple load voltages simultaneously based on the prescribed P-V characteristics of distinct loads for the purpose of energy saving via its series branch. The detailed design procedure of the controllers providing flexible hardware configuration and multiple control functions is presented. A 15KVA test-system with the variable structure UPFC configuration performing active power filter functions and simultaneously regulating an 7HP induction motor for energy saving is numerically investigated with EMTP programs. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed system and the related control techniques are confirmed through some simulation results.


(57) Abstract: The present invention comprises a conveyor chain provided with a capture device 16 relates to a furnace in the production facility for thermoplastic containers, each capture device, container for transport to the furnace engaged in the parison neck and axially. The present invention, capture device is moved in the axial direction using a mechanism, the mechanism comprises an arm 44 which can move along a substantially parallel path to the axial direction A The present invention also provides the interface element 40, so as to allow contact without capturing device and sliding, movably attached to the arm 44, the capture device is fixed to the arm according to the axial direction of the capture takes place and wherein the Rukoto.


Postcard from Doris Tanner to Rigdon Edwards discussing a recent gathering. The front of the postcard contains a photograph of a T-6 trainer airplane.


Unlike visceral solid-organ transplants, composite tissue allografts (CTA) are modules composed of various tissues, each with differing antigenicity, and therefore differing potential for rejection.1 Skin and muscle (and perhaps synovium) are the most antigenic and appear to be most susceptible to rejection, while bone, tendon, cartilage, and neurovascular tissue appear to be less immunogenic and evoke rejection responses of lower magnitude. Although CTA have tremendous potential clinical application for functional and structural reconstruction of major congenital and acquired peripheral tissue defects, these transplants, until recently, have remained one of the last frontiers in clinical organ transplantation because of concerns regarding their risk/benefit ratio.2,3 Two questions address the key issues involved: (1) Can rejection of these highly antigenic tissues be prevented using currently available immunosuppressive regimens with acceptable drug-specific and generalized toxicity? and (2) Will function be restored to a significant degree so as to justify the surgical and immunosuppressive risks involved? The information presented at the Second International Symposium on Composite Tissue Allotransplantation (Louisville, May, 18–19, 2000) has begun to shed some light on the answers to these questions. The recipients of hand transplants in Lyon (two patients), Louisville (one patient), and Guangzhou (two patients) all received a form of antilymphocyte antibody for induction (antithymocyte globulin and/or an interleukin-2 receptor [IL-2R] antagonist), and tacrolimus (FK506), mycophenolate mofetil, and prednisone therapy for maintenance immunosuppression. Despite this clinically acceptable but nonetheless intensive immunosuppressive regimen, akin to that currently utilized for rejection-prone, nonuremic, insulin-dependent diabetics who receive a pancreas transplant,4 the first Lyon patient sustained an episode of acute rejection at 8 weeks and the Louisville recipient developed moderate acute cellular rejection at 6, 20, and 27 weeks posttransplant.5,6 Although all these episodes resolved completely after combination systemic pulse steroid and topical FK506-clobetasol treatment, the transient increase in oral with or without intravenous (IV) prednisone and FK506 doses during and after each rejection episode further increased the already elevated immunosuppressive burden in these patients. Along these lines, the Louisville recipient developed tissue-invasive cytomegalovirus disease at 15 weeks posttransplant, requiring subsequent long-term ganciclovir prophylaxis. These preliminary results suggest that clinical application of CTA is more likely to gain widespread acceptance if the systemic immunosuppressive burden and its attendant long-term risks of infection, malignancy, and drug-specific side effects could be reduced while simultaneously preventing rejection and maintaining function.


This Final Report is entitled "The Policy Implementation of the BANTAR (Clean, Safe, and Smart) Village  Program in Realizing Environmental Development in the Paal Merah District of Jambi City Jambi Province". The purpose of this observation is to find out how is the policy implementation of BANTAR Village and to find out the outcome of the policy program. The method used in this study is the Qualitative Research method. This research uses data collection techniques through interviews, observation, and documentation. From the results of the discussion showed that the policy implementation of the BANTAR Village program in Paal Merah District has not been running optimally. This is proven by the fact that not all RTs in Paal Merah sub-district participate in the BANTAR Village program. The obstacle experienced is the lack of funds which causes the program has not run optimally then the second obstacles is many agencies involved causes this program to be hampered, so far the team is only an assessment team, not as development team, so there is no sustanibility of this program because the development team has not carried out their duties optimally. To overcome these problems, the authors suggest the need to make a budget for RTs that follow the program, there needs for socialization related to the program, conduct training for accompanying scholars, the need for CSR from companies in the BANTAR village area and reduce the agencies involved in the program.
Keywords: Policy, Implementations, Kampung BANTAR


The eighth day of Hanukkah, 1995, saw the passing of Emmanuel Levinas. He was one of the greatest Jewish philosophers, perhaps the greatest since the medieval Jewish philosopher Moses Maimonides. Born in 1906 in Kaunas, Lithuania, Levinas settled in France in 1923 where he lived the rest of his long life. No other Jewish thinker has brought together so many cultural traditions with such deep understanding: biblical study in his youth, Russian and Western European literature, philosophical training principally centered on metaphysics, and then, after the Second World War, study of the Talmud in its haggadic part. From 1945 to 1979, in conjunction with his philosophical work, Levinas was director of the Ecole Normale Isralite Orientale, where he educated generations of teachers for the schools of the Universal Israeli Alliance. Starting in 1963, he was also a university professor. Emmanuel Levinas was originally a disciple of Husserl, but starting with his very first work, The Theory of Intuition in the Phenomenology of Husserl,1 he distanced himself from the primacy Husserlian phenomenology had assigned to the theoretical and to representation. Temporarily attracted by new developments appearing in Heidegger, Levinas would soon part company with him as well. Over time, his opposition to Heidegger deepened. Though he always maintained his admiration for Heidegger's first work, Being and Time, he contested his philosophy, because Levinas did not separate in any radical way Heidegger the thinker from the Heidegger who was tarnished by National Socialism.2 The Devil can be a genius, Levinas said. It is impossible in a short essay to describe the many steps that led Levinas to the formation of his own philosophy; therefore we must be content to give a general idea of what his philosophy was at its culmination. Whereas for Heidegger ethics is but one mode of being among others and even a relatively inessential one, Levinas gives ethics the status of first philosophy. Let us be more precise. By ethics, Levinas does not mean a quest for perfection or personal accomplishment, but the responsibility to the Other from which the ego [le moi] cannot escape and which is the secret of its uniqueness: no one can replace me in the discharge of this responsibility. But a fundamental question arises: in what terms can we speak about the Other? Levinas responds tirelessly to this question and the pages he devotes to it are among the most beautiful in philosophical literature. Allow me to indicate, however awkwardly, a few points of reference. In coming to understand the term Other, we must first employ negative turns of phrase; we must avoid all denaturation. The Other is not a member of a species, not even the human species; it is not a concept nor a substance. The Other is not defined by properties, by its character, social position or its place in history. The Other is not the object of knowledge, representation or comprehension; we do not grasp the Other. Nor is the Other the object of a description; there is no "phenomenology" of the Other.' It is even improper to speak of the Other in terms of appearing or unveiling, terms which still belong to the register of knowing and knowledge. What can be said positively about this Other that evades all that we know, that evades Being, as the philosophers say? What can be said about this Other who comes from an elsewhere that belongs to no world? Having purified our language, what is left? The Other is the "face" [visage], not in the sense of a face "seen," a face which can be captured in a photographic image or in the memory; the "face" is expression and discourse.4 It is immediately and all at once speech: question, supplication, commandment, teaching. And therefore the "face" obligates me; it demands response, help, solicitude, compassion. And thus we come to the expression that is perhaps the most often employed by Levinas: responsibility to the Other. …


Copy of transcript for a letter from Samuel Houston to Stephen F. Austin, on October 28, 1836, informing him of his nomination to the post of Secretary of State of the Republic of Texas.


The present invention, by appropriately controlling the negative pressure applied to the oral cavity, the respiratory facilitate, and provides a device and a system and method for treating sleep apnea and snoring. System includes a vacuum system for providing a vacuum source, and the oral device comprising a shield, and a tube passing through the shield, a flexible negative pressure delivery moiety coupled to the shield or tube, lingual protection of optional and, including the. Negative pressure delivery moiety conforms to the contour of the upper palate. Negative pressure in the front region and the rear region of the interior oral cavity via the negative pressure delivery moiety is delivered to remove air space in the oral cavity.


Briefly reviewed are applications of artificial intelligence(AI) in petroleum development in recent years,and expounded are fuzzy ranking arithmetic in fuzzy theory and BP neural networks in AI.By mean of integrating these two techs,first,fuzzy logic is used to select input factors(well logs) with strong relativity to whole,then a BP neural networks model for oil saturation prediction is constructed.As a case study,the saturation prediction of the BP neural networks model on logs of a well in Xinjiang Oilfield is highly accordant with the calculation results with conventional logging interpretation on the same logs.The result shows its practicability of the method.


Abstract Methane oxidation using different catalysts is an useful process for preventing air pollution. This study presents the methane oxidation by two types of catalysts: Pd-Sn/Al2O3 and spinel mixed oxide, CuFe2O4. The Pd-Sn/Al2O3 was successfully prepared by sol-gel method and CuFe2O4 by co-precipitation method. The catalysts obtained have been characterized structurally, morphologically and texturally by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and specific surface area (BET). The catalytic activity tests regarding methane oxidation were also performed.


Larvae of four Zophosis species and of four other zophosin genera are described. The larvae of Calosis could not be generically separated from Zophosis; therefore Calosis is regarded as subgenus of Zophosis in this paper. The affinities of the larvae are compared with the adult systematics. The evidence of relationship between the different genera is generally in accordance with the monographs of Deyrolle (1867) and Chatanay (1921), but differs in some respects from Koch's views (1958). All species, apart from the Zophosis species, exhibit to a more or lesser degree morphological adaptations for easier movement in and on loose dune sand and the enlargement of sensorial surfaces by their antennal dilation and the increase of tactile setae. Analogies with dune-living species of other tribes are discussed.


Howardites, eucrites, and diogenites, collectively referred to as the "HED's", are a clan of meteorites thought to represent three different lithologies from a common parent body. Collectively they are the most abundant type of achondrites in terrestrial collections. Eucrites are crustal basalts and gabbros, diogenites are mostly orthopyroxenites and are taken to represent lower crust or upper mantle materials, and howardites are mixed breccias containing both lithologies and are generally regarded as derived from the regolith or near-surface. The presence of exogenous chondritic material in howardite breccias has long been recognized. As a group, howardites exhibit divergence in bulk chemistry from what would be produced by mixing of diogenite and eucrite end-members exclusively, a phenomenon most evident in elevated concentrations of siderophile elements. Despite this chemical evidence for chondritic input in howardite breccias, chondritic clasts have only been identified in a minority of samples, and typically at levels of only a few percent. Three recent Antarctic howardite finds, the paired Mt. Pratt (PRA) 04401 and PRA 04402 and Scott Glacier (SCO) 06040, are notable for their high proportion of carbonaceous chondrite clasts. PRA 04401 is particularly well-endowed, with large chondritic clasts occupying more than half of the modal area of the sections we examined. Previously only a few percent chondritic clasts had been observed to occur in howardites. PRA 04401 is the most chondrite-rich howardite known


The recent increase in privately owned vehicles has caused numerous problems: traffic congestions, unnecessary fuel lost and global warming are only few of these problems. This study will try to understand people's behavior and modal choice and try to sway them to means of public transportation. A survey of mode choice between cars users in a neighborhood in Kuala Lumpur was conducted. A total of 25 surveys were collected over the course of a month. Among data collected were demographic details such as age, gender, educational level and travel behavior. The data was processed by SPSS software to determine which factors encourages and discourages using private, public transportation or walking. The study highlighted four models travel time reduction, travel cost reduction, and increase the parking charges and improves the walking facility. The sensitivity analysis results show that the main attraction that might switch private car users is travel time and improving the walking facility. The consequences of these would be less traffic on the roads contributing to less pollution and greater safety.


The purpose of this paper is to examine how employee reaction varies in the event of an acquisition, and ultimately, to show that it depends on the acquisition context; specifically: (1) the legitimacy of the purchasing firm's identity, and (2) the extent of the organizational changes or discontinuity resulting from the acquisition. The research hypotheses considered are tested using a single questionnaire administered repeatedly over a five-year period to the employees of 85 sites belonging initially to three different firms: ABC (the acquiring firm), EFG (the firm taken over in a friendly acquisition) and XYZ (firm absorbed in a hostile acquisition). The results mainly show that employees working at sites belonging initially to EFG have higher organizational identification scores than those at sites belonging initially to XYZ. Insecurity scores increase at all sites after the acquisition period, even for employees who originally belonged to ABC. Finally, a temporal link is seen between organizational identification, insecurity and job satisfaction.


This paper adopts a network approach to the study of worker participation in an attempt to capture the inherent communicative nature of participating within an organization. Although complex, dynamic, interactive processes are the very essence of participation, it has most often been conceptualized as a unidimensional, static variable, typically assessed at the individual level. The network study focuses attention upon the communicative activities and patterns that emerge as 148 line workers participate within a large sociotechnical system. The data indicate that the degree to which workers become involved and empowered in the communication system are differentially related to levels of workers' satisfaction and managerial assessments of worker performance.


Various changes in the human laryngeal cartilages have been studied by the naked eye, radiology, and histology in 28 dissecting room and 20 autopsy specimens (21 male and 27 female) ranging from 14 to 101 years. Except for one 14‐ and one 20‐year‐old specimen, radiographic signs of calcification occurred in all and were found in hyaline cartilaginous tissue of the thyroid, cricoid, arytenoid, and the variably occurring triticiate cartilages. A series of stages has been established indicating the pattern of spread of the process in the thyroid cricoid and arytenoid cartilages. Minor differences between the sexes were found in the thyroid and the cricoid, and some correlation was noted between sites of calcification with sites of muscle attachment and sites of greatest mass. The degree of involvement was not, however, found to be a reliable index of age, with wide variations occurring between individuals. Histology showed various degenerative processes, including calcification, but also revealed the occurrence of actual ossification even in some younger specimens. However, some foci of cartilage always persisted even when ossification was well advanced. Naked eye examination detected regions within the cartilages where ossification was well established, dark areas being produced by the presence of marrow. The remaining tissue was found histologically to be composed of cartilage, which might be calcified or might even contain small foci of bone. Radiology was an accurate method for detection of calcification and ossification, which were sometimes distinguishable, larger masses of calcified cartilage having a dense uniform radiographic appearance unlike the trabecular pattern of bone. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


In this paper we consider the optimal control problem of both operators and parameters for nonlinear hyperbolic systems. For the identification problem, we show that for every value of the parameter and operators, the optimal control problem has a solution. Moreover we obtain the necessary conditions of optimality for the optimal control problem on the system.


The present invention relates to a method for controlling access to additional conference application (Ai) in accordance with an access control database (ZDK). The conference access control application (Ai) accurately specified in the access control database (ZDK) allowed, which application is assigned by the owner of the conference program (P) to the user unit (XSi) a.


Titin is a giant multi-functional sarcomeric filament that provides passive stiffness to cardiac myocytes. At its N terminus, titin is embedded in the Z-disk of the sarcomere. The rest of the molecule is divided between an elastic I-band region, a thick filament-binding A-band region, and the M-band region where the C terminus is embedded (Figure 1A, bottom).1 The extensible I-band region of titin functions as a molecular spring that develops passive force during diastole when sarcomeres are stretched.2 This force is important for centering the A-band in the sarcomere3 and, together with the extracellular matrix, for defining diastolic stiffness.2 Other regions of titin (Z-disk, A-band, and M-band) are involved in numerous cellular processes including force-dependent signaling.4 Here we discuss recently discovered post-transcriptional and post-translational modifications of titin and address their roles in acquired cardiac disease, including dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF, often termed diastolic heart failure; for the purposes of this study we restrict the term HFpEF to HF patients with left ventricular EF > 0.50 in the absence of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy or valvular, infiltrative, or pericardial disease). The review also focuses on recent work that reveals mutations in the titin gene as a major source of familial cardiomyopathies, including mutations in the spring region of titin linked to arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia5 and mutations in the A-band region of titin responsible for ≈30% of DCM cases.6 These findings have given rise to the emerging view that titin gene is a major disease gene.

Figure 1.
Schematic of titin in the sarcomere ( A ) and mechanisms for modifying titin-based passive tension ( B and C ). A , Bottom: Single titin molecules (shown in blue and yellow) span from Z-disk (N terminus) to M-band (C terminus). Middle: Composition of extensible I-band …


Tang 80 wells district of Ganguyi Oilfield is ultra-low permeability,low-yielding,low in saturated light reservoir,shallow reservoir buried,formation of low temperature.In September 2007,it began to test air-foam flooding,the current test well group 54 and well group 55 yield more significant,in oil wells of water cut decreased significantly,it explored a new way to enhanced oil recovery for the ultra-low permeability oilfield.


The problems of Boius history have their roots in the identification of antique Boiohaemum with medieval Bohemia, an interpretation that has its origins in the tenth century. Any attempt to localize their territory, consideration must be taken of the fact that according to Tacitus, Strabon and other antique writers, this region incorporated the settlement area of King Marobodus and his Marcomanni, the so-called Bouiaimon. Other data suggest that the "land of the Boii" was a forest between the upper course of the Rhine River and present-day eastern Slovakia, along the Danube. The Marcomanni expelled the Boii from this area at the end of the first century BC. On this basis it may be hypothesized that the settlement area of this Celtic tribe was located somewhere in present-day south-western Slovakia. The settlement of the Boii in present-day Czech Republic, however, is a historical topos. Clarifying the correct location of this tribe may contribute to a better understanding of the development and history of...


In this paper, we first introduce the concept of shikake as a trigger for behavior change. Based on the concept, we investigate shikakeological approaches for enhancing health-related behavior. As a case study, we introduce our approach that aims to enhance healthy eating behavior by planting an easy choice. We conducted an experiment in which boiled pumpkins were placed on the counter as an alternative choice to extra rice bowls in the university cafeteria. Our experiment showed that the dietary behaviors of students could be improved easily by a simple shikake.


The purpose of this study is the examination of the relationship between fiscal and Current Account balances for the countries of southern eurozone. The twin deficit hypothesis is tested within the context of a portfolio model involving variables from the financial sector. Empirical analysis is conducted with panel data, for the period 1991-2011. Evidence is provided to support the twin deficit hypothesis. Additionally, it is found that it is not only the fiscal policy of the southern eurozone coun-tries that affects their Current Account balances, but also the fiscal policy of the eurozone surplus countries of the north. Interdependence of euro-zone countries suggests that fiscal policy can be used for the elimination of external disequilibrium. Therefore, fiscal policy should be coordinated but not uniformly applied.


The goal of the paper is to evaluate the groundwater quality of Taishan district,Tai'an city. Using the thirteen monitoring points of Tai'an city to monitor its groundwater quality as the subject for the investigation. It takes the single-factor evaluation method to analyze the monitoring results of 10 of the water quality. These indicators include the temperture,pH,chloride,total hardness,fluoride,sulfate,potassium permanganate index, ammonia nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen. According to the quality standard for ground water and the single-factor evaluation method,It find out that all monitored items are within theⅢ standards of except the content of ammonia nitrogen. It is thus concluded that the groundwater of Tai'an city is in a good quality.


To complement the planar technologies being developed for integrated power electronic modules, new designs and the possibility of integration is needed in the area of high power conducted RF-EMI filters. A proposal for a planar design compatible with these technologies is investigated. A discussion on the construction of the filter and the processes used is presented as well as the performance of a prototype.


In this letter, a Cloud Radio Access Network-type cluster-head-driven uplink model for multiple-antenna Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) relaying schemes is presented, which enables joint Maximum Likelihood symbol detection in the UAV cluster-head and the selection of UAV sources to communicate with each other aided by UAV-based relays. A relay selection technique, named Cluster-Head-Driven Best-Link (CHD-Best-Link), which employs cluster-head buffers and physical-layer network coding, is devised. A recursive maximum minimum distance relay selection strategy that exploits time-correlated channels and equips the CHD-Best-Link scheme is also developed. Simulations illustrate that CHD-Best-Link has superior average delay and bit error rate performances to that of previous schemes.


The Mallee Accommodation and Support Program (MASP), a community managed organisation in Mildura, provides a range of integrated services for youth, adults and families in the areas of housing, placement and support, disability and education. With over 20 years of service provision and with over 30 staff, MASP strives to provide quality, flexible and innovative services to its clients.


The significance of the diesel motor for public activity is rising each day. Experience has indicated that the exhibition of interior ignition motor taking a shot at diesel is huge as a camper to some other fuel. The components that are answerable for the smooth working of a motor likewise assume a significant job. This paper investigates the attainability of utilizing four strokes four-chamber diesel motors. The aftereffects of the exhibition of CI Engine by differing the heap are introduced in this paper. The impact of shifting the heap affects execution, outflow, and ignition boundaries. The motor exhibition boundary examined was brake warm productivity, brake explicit fuel utilization, demonstrated force, brake power, volumetric proficiency, energy equilibrium, and wind stream estimation. Results have demonstrated that the brake power increments as the heap's increments on the four strokes four-chamber motor. The measure of fumes and coolant misfortunes are nearly little at high motor speed and high at low motor speed.


A new series of inorganic-organic hybrid polymer electrolytes containing the aluminate structure were prepared. Incorporation of stronger Lewis acid sites into the polymer in the region of the aluminate bond was effective for enhancing ionic conductivity. The materials were shown to be single Li+ ion conductors.


Along with the approach of "end triumph", it is known that the quality of end service has become the core of competition among enterprises to a greater extent. The improvement of the quality of end service in each step must be guaranteed by the standardization of end service behavior. This article has generally separated end service behavior into six steps according to end service flow, and has described and analyzed the requirement in the standardization in the service behavior in each step.


In the field of multimedia learning, although research on cognitive effects and their implications for instructional design is rich, research on the effects of motivation in a multimedia learning context is surprisingly scarce. Since one of the major goals of providing multimedia instruction is to motivate students, there is need to examine motivational elements. In this chapter, we focus on 4 major motivation theories–expectancy-value theory, self-efficacy, goal-setting and task motivation, and self-determination theory–and two motivation models–ARCS model and the integrated model of cognitive-motivational processes–that are derived from multimedia research; review the literature on motivation in multimedia learning contexts, suggest that researchers and practitioners take into account a number of essential aspects to ensure that motivation features incorporated in multimedia learning resources optimize learners' experience; and point out future research directions in model building, hypothesis testing, examining individual differences, and carrying out longitudinal studies.


The study was designed to investigate how Continuous Assessment (henceforth, CA) marks in Educational Administration and Planning course for undergraduate students will significantly predict their final examination marks. The study adopted ex post facto research design with a total of 221 undergraduates, who registered for a course in the second semester, at the Faculty of Education, Osun State University, Nigeria. The undergraduates' scores in continuous assessment and examination scores at the end of the semester formed the data for the study. The data collected were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results revealed that Biology students had the highest mean value when compared with the mean of undergraduates from other specialised areas. The regression analysis result (F1, 219=40.414, p<0.05) reveals that the CA significantly predicts undergraduate students' performance in semester examination and made the best contribution to students' performance in Educational Administration and Planning. From the findings, it was concluded that continuous assessment scores are a good predictor of undergraduate students' performance in semester examination. It was recommended that there should be thorough supervision of the CA, all process must be monitored in Nigerian Universities for quality assurance.


Scientific research uses animal models in experimental situations where it is controversial to research with human specimens; such is the case of research with embryonic/fetal samples, where strict reproductive protocols are required that enable the accurate calculation of gestational age and thus obtaining appropriate sampling. Mice are the most widely used experimental models, as they are easy to handle and are of reproductive efficiency. The purpose of this paper is to present a reproduction protocol that makes it possible to determine the day of pregnancy in Mus musculus biomodel with certainty, in order to obtain embryonic/fetal specimens.


Control of a group of mobile robots in a formation requires not only environmental sensing but also communication among vehicles. Enlarging the size of the platoon of vehicles causes difficulties due to communications bandwidth limitations. Decentralized control may be an appropriate approach in those cases when the states of all vehicles cannot be obtained in a centralized manner. This paper presents a solution to the problem of decentralized implementation of a global state-feedback controller for N mobile robots in a formation. The proposed solution is based on the design of functional observers to estimate asymptotically the global state-feedback control signals by using the corresponding local output information and some exogenous global functions. The proposed technique is tested through simulation and experiments for the control of groups of Pinoneer-based non-holonomic mobile robots.


In this paper, we propose a Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) based incremental robust adaptation with a forgetting factor for the speaker verification. Speaker recognition system uses a speaker model adaptation method with small amounts of data in order to obtain a good performance. However, a conventional adaptation method has vulnerable to the outlier from the irregular utterance variations and the presence noise, which results in inaccurate speaker model. As time goes by, a rate in which new data are adapted to a model is reduced. The proposed algorithm uses an incremental robust adaptation in order to reduce effect of outlier and use forgetting factor in order to maintain adaptive rate of new data on GMM based speaker model. The incremental robust adaptation uses a method which registers small amount of data in a speaker recognition model and adapts a model to new data to be tested. Experimental results from the data set gathered over seven months show that the proposed algorithm is robust against outliers and maintains adaptive rate of new data.


5 patients with allergic contact dermatitis caused by various paints were demonstrated to be sensitive to a cyclohexanone resin (C‐R) present in the paints. Sensitization studies in guinea pigs with C‐R and cyclohexanone showed one batch of C‐R to be a sensitizer.


Each time a serious disaster occurs, there are calls for better disaster prevention education in and around the stricken area, and such education is actually implemented. However, it is not extended to other parts of the nation. Although disaster prevention education really is needed across Japan, it tends to be implemented only in the directly affected locality of a catastrophic disaster. Moreover, even in affected areas, when 10 to 20 years have elapsed from a major event, with a decline in the number of survivors, there is less motivation to pass experiences and learning on to the next generation, despite the potential for such disasters to recur, tens or hundreds of years into the future. It is not easy to maintain conversations about disaster experiences through several generations. Consequently, effective disaster prevention education is provided only in the region stricken by a particular event, and it is practiced only for up to 20 years following the last disaster. As a result, provision of disaster prevention education has become less effective in many areas of Japan. This session focuses on the following two questions: (1) What kind of disaster prevention education can be practiced continuously nationwide? (2) How can such disaster prevention education be implemented in schools and educational sessions? We encourage anyone who wishes to help develop new disaster prevention education based on awareness of these issues to make a presentation in this session. Participation is not restricted to geoscientists; any person or group engaged in any domain of disaster prevention is to submit a paper. This study constructed 3D digital models of the stone monuments for historical earthquakes in Tokushima Prefecture. Then we evaluated the application of the monument to earthquake and tsunami hazard and evacuation.To construct 3D model, we used the same method with that of the monument in Kochi Prefecture, reported by Tanikawa et al. We constructed 3D models of nine stone monuments and two stone guideposts that record the maximum run-up height. we hidden/illegible on monument from the 3D models, we the characters on monuments At present, we are the database site that introduces the information and location of the monument in Prefecture through a map using "e-community platform (http://ecom-plat.jp/)" web system which was by Earth Japan. In this database site, we plan to overlay the tsunami hazard map published by public institutes to confirm the relationship between the location of stone monument and tsunami inundation distribution. We also plan to combine the data of the monument in Tokushima Prefecture into the same database.