It was recently shown that the von Neumann algebras of observables dressed to the mass of a Schwarzschild-AdS black hole or an observer in de Sitter are Type II, and thus admit well-defined traces. The von Neumann entropies of"semi-classical"states were found to be generalized entropies. However, these arguments relied on the existence of an equilibrium (KMS) state and thus do not apply to, e.g., black holes formed from gravitational collapse, Kerr black holes, or black holes in asymptotically de Sitter space. In this paper, we present a general framework for obtaining the algebra of dressed observables for linear fields on any spacetime with a Killing horizon. We prove, assuming the existence of a stationary (but not necessarily KMS) state and suitable decay of solutions, a structure theorem that the algebra of dressed observables always contains a Type II factor"localized"on the horizon. These assumptions have been rigorously proven in most cases of interest. Applied to the algebra in the exterior of an asymptotically flat Kerr black hole, where the fields are dressed to the black hole mass and angular momentum, we find a product of a Type II$_{\infty}$ algebra on the horizon and a Type I$_{\infty}$ algebra at past null infinity. In Schwarzschild-de Sitter, despite the fact that we introduce an observer, the quantum field observables are dressed to the perturbed areas of the black hole and cosmological horizons and is the product of Type II$_{\infty}$ algebras on each horizon. In all cases, the von Neumann entropy for semiclassical states is given by the generalized entropy. Our results suggest that in all cases where there exists another"boundary structure"(e.g., an asymptotic boundary or another Killing horizon) the algebra of observables is Type II$_{\infty}$ and in the absence of such structures (e.g., de Sitter) the algebra is Type II$_{1}$.


Based on recent magnetic-quantum-oscillation, ARPES, neutron-scattering and resistivity data, we propose that the extraordinarily high superconducting transition temperatures in the cuprates are driven by an exact mapping of the incommensurate spin fluctuations onto the dx2−y2 Cooperpair wavefunction. Strong evidence for this comes from the direct correspondence between the incommensurability factor δ seen in inelastic neutron scattering and the inverse superconducting coherence length (see Fig. 2). Based on these findings, one can specify the optimal characteristics of a solid that will exhibit "high Tc" superconductivity.


In the context of reducing the global energy consumptions in transport systems, railways offer many advantages. Therefore the construction of new high speed railways has been planned. This article assesses the impact of the gradient of the railway on the train energy efficiency. This key parameter has a direct influence on the construction and operation phases energy amounts, since low gradients could require considerable civil engineering works. The energy model of the railway operation phase presented in this paper takes into account the infrastructure geometry, the train characteristics and the speed profiles. It is applied to different generic cases in order to illustrate the impact of the infrastructure gradients. The corresponding trajectories are compared from an energy efficiency point of view. Results show that the gradient is not the only one element to take into account. The associated length of ramp or slope is crucial too. For example, it is shown that short section with an important gradient can require less operation energy than lower gradient on longer distances. It is therefore possible to determine a couple of slope/ramp length and gradient for a given rolling stock which contributes to the minimization of the global construction cost and of the operating energy consumption.


The Brazilian Public Health System developed a health surveillance policy and the Family Health Strategy (FHS) represents a way to change the usual healthcare model. This study aims to characterize the healthcare actions carried out by the Family Health Units of Marilia, Sao Paulo. It is a descriptive and analytical study, with a quantitative and qualitative approach, based on three main subjects: health promotion, prevention of diseases and complications, and social participation. The results show that the teams propose strategies that are consistent with the Public Health System, although it is necessary to off er more activities, to get the community involved and to broaden social participation in order to promote health and an active citizenship.


Between 1970 and 2001, eleven coat color mutants of Mongolian Gerbil arose in scientific laboratory and pet population. Among them, eight coat color and their genetic mechanism were detailed in this article. The wild system includes two loci, one is A locus (coat color is Agouti), another is a locus (coat color is Non agouti or black). C system includes c locus (Albino), ch (Acromelanistic albino), cchm (chinchilla medium). The white spotting mutant is controlled by Sp locus. g locus appears to a gray coat color, and p locus seems to be master of pink eye dilution. The hairless phenotype is only elementary introduction.


Opioids are routinely omitted at the induction of general anesthesia for cesarean delivery because of concerns about neonatal respiratory depression. The subsequent unmodified maternal stress response to tracheal intubation reduces placental perfusion. The short-acting opioid alfentanil may afford advantages at the induction, without subsequent neonatal depression. In this double-blinded study of elective cesarean deliveries, 40 patients were allocated randomly to receive either alfentanil 10 &mgr;g/kg (n = 18) or placebo (n = 22), 1 min before the induction of anesthesia with thiopental 4 mg/kg and succinylcholine 1.5 mg/kg. Anesthesia was maintained with 50% nitrous oxide, 0.5% isoflurane in oxygen, and atracurium. Neonates were assessed by using Apgar scores, Neurologic and Adaptive Capacity Scores, and umbilical cord blood gas and catecholamine analysis. After intubation, mothers receiving alfentanil had a smaller increase in mean arterial blood pressure, (11 ± 15 vs 31 ± 13 mm Hg, P < 0.001) and lower plasma norepinephrine concentrations, (336 ± 152 vs 486 ± 241 pg/mL, P < 0.05). Neonates in the alfentanil group had greater umbilical arterial oxygen tensions (27.8 ± 7.0 vs 22.6 ± 7.4 mm Hg), slightly reduced Apgar scores (both P < 0.05), but similar Neurologic and Adaptive Capacity Scores. One neonate in the alfentanil group required naloxone. The maternal stress response was attenuated in the alfentanil group but at the cost of early neonatal depression. However, all neonates should be monitored for possible immediate, but transient, respiratory depression. Implications Alfentanil 10 &mgr;g/kg given at the induction of general anesthesia for cesarean delivery attenuates the subsequent maternal stress response. However, all neonates should be monitored for possible immediate but transient respiratory depression.


The effects of temperature and concentration on poly(ethylene oxide)−poly(propylene oxide)−poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO−PPO−PEO) block copolymer properties in aqueous solutions were studied by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The temperature-dependent changes of some bands were used to denote the critical micellization temperatures (cmt). It was deduced that the appearance of the symmetric deformation band of anhydrous methyl groups in the spectra of aqueous Pluronic F127 solutions at temperature below the cmt means the existence of a hydrophobic microenvironment. The appearance of the symmetric deformation band of hydrated methyl groups at temperature above the transition region indicates that the micellar core must contain a certain amount of water. The proportion of anhydrous methyl groups was increased during the micellization process with the decrease of the proportion of hydrated methyl groups. The cmt values of Pluronic F127 in aqueous solutions were decreased with an increase of concen...


In this article an energy management strategy for a Modular Multilevel Converter is proposed, this converter is operating as a direct frequency changer. It is connected in three-phase configuration and the developed control strategy depends only on measurements made at the converter site without using neutral wire parameters information, which is convenient for high power applications. Developments are conducted to use the converter in Offshore System working at Low Frequency, but also it can interconnect 50 with 60 Hz systems. Simulation results prove the efficiency of the control strategy with almost inexistent low frequency harmonics without using any filter.


Stroke is a dangerous medical disorder that occurs when blood flow to the brain is disrupted, resulting in neurological impairment. It is a big worldwide threat with serious health and economic implications. To solve this, researchers are developing automated stroke prediction algorithms, which would allow for early intervention and perhaps save lives. The number of people at risk for stroke is growing as the population ages, making precise and effective prediction systems increasingly critical. wo In a comparison examination with six well-known classifiers, the effectiveness of the proposed ML technique was explored in terms of metrics relating to both generalization capability and prediction accuracy. To give insight into the black-box machine learning models, we also studied two kinds of explainable techniques, namely SHAP and LIME, in this study. SHAP (Shapley Additive Explanations) and LIME (Local Interpretable Model-agnostic Explanations) are well-established and reliable approaches for explaining model decision-making, particularly in the medical industry. The findings of the experiment revealed that more complicated models outperformed simpler ones, with the top model obtaining almost 91% accuracy and the other models achieving 83-91% accuracy. The proposed framework, which includes global and local explainable methodologies, can aid in standardizing complicated models and gaining insight into their decision-making, which can enhance stroke care and treatment.


This article was based on Beijing urban garbage collection and disposal methods, namely, vehicle transport, landfill, composting and incineration, etc. According to garbage collection and processing methods and combining with the 2006 IPCC internationally cognition and greenhouse gas calculation that related scholars studied, ecological footprint calculation of Beijing's urban domestic garbage was summarized and developed, thus laid foundation for the study of Beijing urban ecological carrying capacity.


Certain statements regarding artifacts associated with the L'Anse aux Meadows,' Newfoundland, archaeological site in the author's essay "Shifting Vinland Tradition and Myth" (Terrae Incognitae II (1970), 29-60), have elicited commentary and warrant further clarification on three points of controversy: 1) The circumstances involving the unearthing of the so-called spindle whorl, 2) the cultural identity and the geographical derivation of the migrants and the artifacts (including the site), 3) the assertion that the site represents the recovery of Leifr Eiriksson's Vinland. The author's statement that the "spindle whorl" at the L'Anse aux Meadows site was found "... not in situ but during 'cleanup work'" (p. 56), has been characterized as a "misrepresentation" of the circumstances of the find and as a challenge to the "integrity" and "professional qualifications" of some of the archaeologists associated with excavating the site. Although the specific circumstances surrounding the find of the so-called spindle whorl are inconsequential to the central theme of the author's essay, in the face of the emotional reaction the observation resulted in, as well as for factual accuracy, it is necesssary to explicate the author's interpretation regarding an object whose derivation, function, and location at the time of the find remains obscure.s It is regrettable that a full archaeological account of the L'Anse aux Meadows site has not been published as yet. Most of the available information regarding the site derives from press releases and semipopular literature, wherein the foremost objective seemingly is to assure and reassure the public that the site is Norse, pre-Columbian, and that it is Leiir Eiriksson's Vinland»


A large number of literary classics have been transformed into comic works with varied adaptation strategies. As a typical example, Cai Zhizhong's comic adaptation of Journey to the West has made successful attempts in rewriting the story with modern elements that carry socio-cultural values. Under the general theoretical frameworks of social semiotics, this article seeks to explain what and how these elements are presented and explore how such elements are infused with values that affiliate people of different communities and provoke thoughts on cultural diversity and global issues. It is found that (a) modern elements have been presented with particular ideational, interpersonal, and textual semiotic options and (b) different values have been implanted into these elements through bondicons, iconization, and visual attitudes.


Can the demise of the monocentric economy across cities during the 20th century be explained by decreasing transport costs to the city center or are other fundamental forces at work? Taking a hybrid perspective of classical bid-rent theory and a world where clustering of economic activity is driven by (knowledge) spillovers, Berlin, Germany, from 1890 to 1936 serves as a case in point. We assess the extent to which firms in an environment of decreasing transport costs and industrial transformation face a trade-off between distance to the CBD and land rents and how agglomeration economies come into play in shaping their location decisions. Our results suggest that an observable flattening of the traditional distance to the CBD gradient may mask the emergence of significant agglomeration economies, especially within predominantly service-based inner city districts.


The construction of 64-QAM Golay sequences is discussed based on extensions of Lee and Golomb's construction. On length n = 2m sequences, Lee and Golomb reported 496, 808, and 976 first order offset pairs for m=2, 3, 4. We found 724, 972, and 1224 offset pairs from computer search over all first order offset pairs. Some additional pairs can be obtained by adding w = 1 to Case III in Lee and Golomb's offset pair descriptions, others are new and only exist for w>3. The descriptions of new offset pairs and the enumeration of all first order offset pairs are proposed as conjectures. The number of first order offset pairs, [240(m + 1) + 4 + 2(m - 2)(m + 1)], agrees with computer results for ;m=2~6. The peak envelope power upper bound is shown to remain as 4.6667n. An example shows that other 64-QAM Golay sequences not within this construction can be generated using QPSK Golay sequences with third order algebraic normal form.


Objective: To compare the clinical subtypes distribution and symptoms between patients with first-episode and re-episode schizophrenia,so as to accumulate data for early intervention.Method: Totally 80 cases with first-episode and 80 cases with re-episode schizophrenia were performed systematic psychiatry examination.At the same time,they were rated the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale(BPRS),the Scale for Assessment of Negative Symptoms(SANS) and the Scale for Assessment of Positive Symptoms(SAPS).Then,the clinical subtypes distribution and symptoms between the patients with first-episode and re-episode schizophrenia were analyzed.Result: ①Paranoid type and undifferentiated type were mainly found both in two groups,but,the first-episode group had no decline type and the re-episode group had lower catatonic type rate(P0.05).②The appearance rate of psychotic symptoms was similar between the two groups(P0.05).But,the incidence of negative symptom showed significantly higher in re-episode group than in first-episode group(P0.05).③The total scores of BPRS and SAPS,and BPRS's factors scores showed no significant difference between the two groups,but,the total score of SANS showed significantly higher in re-episode group than in first-episode group(P0.01).Conclusion: Patients with first-episode or re-episode schizophrenia have their own characters.Differentiation between first-episode and re-episode groups still has practical significance of early interventing direction,prognosis evaluation and re-episode prevention.


Mark recapture techniques were used to determine Colorado potato beetle movement in circular arenas with isolated plots of potatoes at each ordinal direction. Post-diapause beetles aggregated on one or a few of the plants in one of the plots for each release, but not on the same plants in different releases. Differences in plant attractiveness were therefore not likely respon· sible for the aggregatory behavior. Aggregations were probably a result of either coordinated movement from the release site to the plants or an aggrega tory signal with a range of at least 15 m. Summer adults did not aggregate on plants. Correlations of summer beetle recapture distributions to wind direc tion showed that anemotactic behavior could not account for the major por tion of variation in beetle orientation to the potato plots. Some positive attrac tion to the plots was indicated because more beetles were recaptured at the plots than would be expected from random motion. The number of beetles recaptured at plots covered by cheesecloth was not si~ficantly different from recaptures on uncovered plots, indicating little relIance on visual cues specific to potatoes for location of the plants, Complete reliance on insecticides for management of the Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata [Say]) has proven difficult as the beetle has become increasingly resistant to pesticides, and interest has developed in alternative methods of control (Hare 1990). Wright (1984) and Lashomb and Ng (1984) both reported that crop rotation was effective in retarding the build· up of Colorado potato beetle population in potato (Solanum tuberosum) fields. Since potato is most sensitive to defoliation during tuber initiation and bulk ing (Beresford 1967. Hare 1980), delays in the early build-up of beetle popula tions can be important in reducing insecticide applications on rotated fields. The effectiveness of crop rotation as a management tool for the control of Colorado potato beetle depends upon the ability of beetles to find new patches of host plants, Leptinotarsa decemlineata used plant odors to locate plants in wind tunnel studies (Visser 1976, 1979; Visser and Ave 1978), Schanz (1953) reported that in olfactometers the odor-conditioned anemotactic response ceased when the terminal 4 segments of the antennae were amputated. In contrast, both Wegorek (1959) and Caprio (1987) were unable to demonstrate host-plant attraction by L, decemlineata in wind tunnel studies. The seem· lDepartment of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 4882~-1115. Present Address: Department of Entomology, Drawer EM, Mississippi State Uni versity, Mississippi State, MS 39762. 1 Caprio and Grafius: Movement of Adult Colorado Potato Beetles, <i>Leptinotarsa Deceml Published by ValpoScholar, 1993 224 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST Vol. 26, No.3 ingly contradictory results from these studies could possibly be due to differ ences in the physiological state of the beetles examined. Ng and Lashomb (1983) reported that post-diapause beetles moved in a predominantly north westerly direction after emergence. The authors hypothesized that oriented movement is an adaptation by beetles to move onto southerly mountain slopes where warmer temperatures would allow for early spring flight follow ing emergence. The objectives of this study were to determine if post-diapause and sum mer adult Colorado potato beetles moved randomly with respect to isolated potato plots, or if an extrinsic factor, such as wind or inter-plant variation in attractiveness, was important in host plant location. Secondly, we wished to determine if visual cues specific to potato plants (ie. color, shape), were impor tant in host plant location, since color has been reported to be an important cue for flying Colorado potato beetles (Zehnder and Speese 1987). Finally, the effective use of traps crops to increase efficacy of crop rotation relies not only on how beetles locate the trap crops, but also on the overwintering location of the beetles and where they emerge in the spring. Our third objective was to determine the proportion of individually marked beetles which overwintered in the arenas. MATERIALS AND METHODS In 1985 and 1986, three 22 m diameter circular arenas were constructed, with plots of 16 potato plants (var. Atlantic) spaced 0.3 m apart in each of the four ordinal directions. In 1985, a circular pitfall trap was placed in the arc between plots to capture beetles which did not move to plots. Because we observed a small number of beetles moving along the pitfall trap rather than falling directly into it, the pitfall trap was replaced in 1986 by an outer, 30m diameter ring of potato plants spaced 2m apart. One arena in 1986 was destroyed by flooding, so results are reported for two arenas only. Beetles were released in the center of each arena. Releases were made before 1000 hr when temperatures were coolest to reduce beetle movement immediately fol lowing release. Beetles were collected at the Michigan State University Montcalm Potato Research Farm (Entrican, MI) and stored at 5°C in 1 I containers filled with 750 ml of soil. Post-diapause beetles were either dug from the soil or collected from the surface prior to potato emergence. Tests were conducted with post diapause and first generation (summer) adults. Releases were replicated over three arenas. In 1985, a total of 1282 post-diapause beetles were released in 5 different releases on four different dates. The beetles were marked with Testor's® enamel paints. Two dots each of two colors were applied to the elytra, which was sufficient to identify beetles to the date and arena in which they were released. Caprio et al. (1990) found that 90% of beetles marked with four dots of enamel paint retained at least one mark for two weeks. The pitfall traps and potato plants were sampled once daily and recaptured beetles were removed from the arenas. In 1986, 301 post-diapause beetles marked with enamel paints were released in 3 releases on different dates, and 605 summer adults were released in 5 releases and marked using 1.5x2.5 mm paper labels which were glued to the left elytra (Caprio et al. 1990). These marks were unique to each individual, and beetles were allowed to remain in the field after sampling. All plants, both in the plots and the exterior border row, were sampled twice daily. Weather parameters in 1986 were recorded using a Campbell Scientific 2 The Great Lakes Entomologist, Vol. 26, No. 3 [1993], Art. 4 http://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle/vol26/iss3/4 1993 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST 225 Inc. CR21 Micrologger. Hourly measurements of temperature, wind speed, wind direction and a calculated wind vector at 2 m were recorded. Sampling for diapausing beetles was done in 1986 following plant senes cence. Soil beneath half of the plants in each plot was excavated to a depth of 30 cm and sifted to check for marked potato beetles. Because it is possible that beetles may have moved away from the plants before diapausmg, our estimate was a conservative estimate of the number of beetles which diapause in fields in Michigan. In 1986 one randomly selected plot in each arena was surrounded by a single layer of cheese cloth (1 m high and raised 4-6 cm off the ground) to reduce visual cues specific to potato plants while minimally reducing olfactory cues. The cheese cloth covering would not, however, eliminate L. decemlineata movement in response to other visual cues such as standing objects. Five releases of summer adults were made in each arena. Results were analyzed by analysis of variance, treating each plot as a separate treatment and releases as replicates. Single df orthogonal contrasts were used to compare covered ver sus uncovered plots. Statistical analysis. To determine if beetles were moving preferentially to upwind plots, we wanted to correlate the number of beetles moving to a plot with a relative measure of wind passing over that plot towards the beetle release point. In 1986, a wind index for each plot was calculated by taking hourly wind vectors for the previous 24 hr and weighting them with the cosine of the deviation of the vector from directly upwind of the plot. This wind index was negative for downwind plots and positive for upwind plots. Four wind indices were generated per sample date (1 for each plot), summed and con verted into percentages of the total for each plot. Beetles captured at a plot were summed over the arena and individual plot totals converted into percent ages which could then be correlated with the wind indices for the respective plot. In 1986, captures were recorded on an individual plant basis, allowing us to determine if beetles were aggregating or were distributed randomly among the plants. Because of the tendency of some individual beetles to move along pitfall traps rather than falling directly into them, the 1985 data cannot be used to directly determine the ability of beetles to locate the plots of potatoes. Com parisons of recapture distributions between arenas and between release dates using a hierarchical log-linear analysis can, however, discriminate between four important hypotheses. If beetles locate host plants by random move ment, the first hypothesis, then the beetle distributIons of recaptures at each plot should not be significantly different from each other. An alternative hypothesis is that variation in host plant quality (or the previous presence of beetles from earlier releases) made some plots more attractive than other plots. In this case, beetle recapture distributions would vary between arenas, b.ut would remain the same between releases within an arena. A third hypothe sis is that wind direction was of primary importance in determining the loca tion of the plots by the beetles. In this case, there should be differences in the distribution of recaptures within arenas (more beetles should be caught in the upwind plot), but the distribution of recaptures


ABSTRACT A Clinical Study on 2 Cases of Premature Ovarian Failure by Serum Hormone AssayEun-Young Park 1 , Hyoung-Geun Gwen 2 , Bok-Chul Kong 1 , Dong-Chul Kim 3 Dept. of Oriental Obstetrics & Gynecology, Sam-Se Oriental Medicine Hospital 1 Dept. of Acupuncture & Moxibustion Medicine, Sam-Se Oriental Medicine Hospital 2 Dept. of Oriental Obstetrics & Gynecology, College of Oriental Medicine, Dae-Gu Haany University Hospital 3 Objectives: The purpose of this study is to report the effects of oriental medicine on 2 patients with premature ovarian failure. Methods: The patients who had amenorrhea caused by premature ovarian fa ilure were treated by oriental medicine such as herb medication, acupuncture and moxibustion. We evaluated the results of treatments by change of symptoms, serum hormone assay, basal body temperature and Kupperman's Index. Results: After oriental medicine, the patients could have their normal menstrual cycle. Also serum hormone assay, basal body temperature and Kup perman's Index were improved. Conclusions: This study shows that oriental medicine has effects on patients with premature ovarian failure. And serum hormone assay, basal body temperature and Kupperman's Index would be valid measurement to evaluate th e effect of treatments for premature ovarian failure. Key Words: Premature ovarian failure, Amenorrhea, Oriental medicine, Seru m hormone assay


A m ong arctic geese the fem ales rely heavily on bo d y reserves during the early stages o f the breeding cycle; the b irds often arrive on their a rc tic b reeding g rounds before suitable feeding vegeta tion is exposed by snow -thaw , and as a resu lt th e m ateria ls fo r th e p ro d u c  tion o f eggs and energy fo r egg-laying and in cu b atio n m ust be d raw n from b o d y reserves (e.g. A nkney a n d M ac ln n es 1978). T he size o f these reserves, and th e ra te a t w hich they a re d e p le te d d u r in g in c u b a t io n , m u s t therefore p lay an im p o rtan t role in the evolu tion o f their rep ro d u c tiv e strategy. P revious studies have m easu red body reserves and their depletion by rem oving successive sam ples o f b irds from m ore or less hom ogeneous p o pu lations, b u t no study h as previously rep o rted weights tak en a t in tervals from th e sam e individuals. This pap er p resen ts such unique w eight d a ta derived from a p ilo t study in w hich weights w ere o b ta in e d , w ith o u t th e b ird s being trap p ed , using nest balances. T h e study w as carried o u t in 1978 on the co lony o f free-flying B arnac le G eese B ran ta leucopsis b reeding a t the W ildfowl T ru s t's reserve a t S lim bridge, G loucestersh ire.


How much should your confidence in your beliefs be shaken when you learn that others – perhaps 'epistemic peers' who seem as well-qualified as you are – hold beliefs contrary to yours? This article describes motivations that push different philosophers towards opposite answers to this question. It identifies a key theoretical principle that divides current writers on the epistemology of disagreement. It then examines arguments bearing on that principle, and on the wider issue. It ends by describing some outstanding questions that thinking about this issue raises.


In given article opportunities of application in ventilatory cooling tower are investigated as a sprinkler of the device which represents four circles of spillways with the round edge, capable to form extended dome-shaped water veils with thickness of a film from 1,5 mm up to 3 mm. Experimental researches have shown, that at density of an irrigation cooling tower 3,98 m 3/m 2·h difference of temperatures has made 7 0С, relative thermal loading on vcooling tower 32,17 кВт/m 2, effectiveness ratio cooling tower 0,41. By results of natural tests values of volumetric coefficient of heat transfer β xv=2389 kg/m 3·h, volumetric coefficient of mass transfer α v =575 Вт/м 3·К and coefficient of hydraulic resistance of the given kind of a sprinkler ζ =7,5 are received. Experimental data are submitted as the schedule of dependence on which values empirical coefficient А=0,245 1/м and exponent т =4,52 are determined, for the investigated design of a sprinkler. The tested sample of a sprinkler has average cooling ability and comprehensible aerodynamic resistance. At application of the given sprinkler in concrete cooling tower it is necessary to make its aerodynamic and thermal calculations with use of technical characteristics on the given sprinkler.


Rho GTPases act as molecular switches, occupying an active GTP or an inactive GDP-bound state. Rho1p, one member of the Rho family GTPases, has a role in the late stages of vacuole fusion through an unknown mechanism. We identified a ~50kDa Rho1p-interacting protein as Tef1p, a dual function GTPase with known roles in both protein translation and actin cytoskeletal organization. Tef1p is an aminoacyl-tRNA transferase in protein translation where GTP-bound Tef1p shuttles aminoacyl-charged tRNAs to ribosomes where they are transferred to the elongating peptide chain. Tef1p also binds actin filaments and organizes them into higher order cable structures such as stress fibers. We used nucleotide-state specific affinity pulldown methods to determine that Tef1p specifically interacts with Rho1p, but not as a downstream effector. The Tef1p::Rho1p interaction was calciumdependent, suggesting that the interaction occurs late in membrane fusion. Our data suggest that Tef1p modulates Rho1p function, perhaps via complex formation.


The embodiment of the invention discloses a verification processing method and a verification processing device. The verification processing method comprises the following steps: detecting a pressing operation for a terminal key; if the pressing operation is detected to satisfya preset condition, then displaying an authentication interface for verifying a user identity on a display screen of a terminal; acquiring verification information that is inputted for an authentication interface; and if the verification information is detected to be matched with preset authentication information, then displaying a function selection interface corresponding to the type of the terminal key on the display screen, wherein the function selection interface comprises an authentication mode selection interface or a usage mode selection interface. The technical scheme of the embodiment of the invention is beneficial to realizing quick opening of a terminal function selection interface, simplifying operation steps, and improving the operation quickness and convenience.


An experimental investigation of methane oxidation in the presence of NO and NO2 has been made in an isothermal plug-flow reactor at 750-1250K. The temperature for on-set of oxidation was lowered by 250 K in the presence of NO or NO2 at residence times of 200 ms. At shorter residence times (140 ms) this enhancement effect is reduced for NO but maintained for NO2. Furthermore two temperature regimes of oxidation separated by an intermediate regime where only little oxidation lakes place exist at residence times of 140 ms, if NO is the only nitrogen oxide initially present. The results were explained by the competition between three reaction paths from CH3 to CH2O. A direct high temperature path (A), a two-step NO2 enhanced low temperature path (B) and a slow three step NO enhanced path (C), which may produce NO2 to activate path B. The negative temperature coefricient behaviour was explained by a competition between paths (A) and (C). A previously published reaction set was modified to take these reaction patterns into account. The processes discussed here presumably occur to some extent in the exhaust of natural gas engines, but conditions may be modified, either to ensure an enhanced activity to oxidize methane in the exhaust, or alternatively to decrease the activity 10 reduce the production of unwanted intermediates such as formaldehyde.


According to the physiopathology of mastopathy, the treatment of mastopathy by dealing with the heart was applied. It is considered that the heart governs the five zang organs and six fu organs, a normal cardiac function ensures the normal functioning of qi, blood, meridians and five zang organs and six fu organs so as to maintain the normal function of breast. In case of cardiac dysfunction, the zang and fu organs will be disordered and mastopathy occurs. The authors emphasized that the syndromes of mastopathy should be treated by dealing with the heart and also by psychotherapy.


Tunable matching networks are crucial for agile radio frequency circuits. To optimally design such networks the overall coverage needs to be determined. In this work, analytical formulas for the coverage area within the Smith chart of a three-element tunable-network are derived. It has been found that up to sixteen circles bound the coverage area. Analytical expressions for the centers and radii of these circles have been derived and verified by circuit simulation as well as measured data. The formulas in this work can be readily integrated into CAD tools, thus provide a valuable tool for the design of tunable circuits.


4087 Background: We previously showed that adding bevacizumab (bev) to cetuximab (cetux) plus irinotecan (IRI) in bev-naïve, IRI-refractory CRC patients is feasible, and yielded a favorable response rate and time to tumor progression (TTP) compared with historical controls (Saltz: JCO, 2007). Since most CRC patients now receive a bev-containing regimen prior to cetux, we evaluated the addition of bev to cetux plus IRI (CBI) in patients with metastatic CRC who had previously progressed on chemo + bev.

METHODS
All patients were naïve to cetux. The importance of KRAS mutation was not appreciated when the trial was designed and this has not yet been evaluated. Patients received IRI at the same dose and schedule as last received prior to study, Cetux 400 mg/m2 loading dose, then weekly at 250 mg/m2, plus Bev 5 mg/kg given every two weeks or 7.5 mg/kg given every three weeks.

RESULTS
33 received treatment. Median age was 58 (range 29-85). Median number of prior regimens was 2 (range 1-2). Median performance status was ECOG 1 (range 0-1). Patients received a median of 2 cycles (range 1-15). Grade 3/4 Toxicities: Acneiform Rash 18%, hypomagnesemia 6%, hypophosphatemia 6%, Neutropenia 15%, Diarrhea 6%. One patient developed neutropenic fever and one patient had a hypersensitivity reaction to cetux. At a median follow up of 32 months (range 21-32 months) in 33 evaluable patients, we observed 3 (9%) partial responses and 11 (33%) patients with stable disease for > 4 months. Median TTP was 3.9 months (95% CI: 1.3 - 6.8). Median survival was 10.6 months (95% CI: 6.6 - 13.8).

CONCLUSIONS
The toxicity profile was similar to what would have been expected from the individual agents alone. Recognizing the limitations of cross-study comparisons, the response rates and TTP seen with CBI in patients who have previously progressed on bev do not appear to be as encouraging as the 37% response rate and 7.3 months TTP seen in the BOND 2 trial of bev-naïve CRC patients. Ongoing randomized trials, including SWOG 0600, will be needed to definitively determine the contribution of continued use of bev after progression on a bev-containing regimen. Supported by Genentech. [Table: see text].


[1] I have some concerns about some issues raised by Gopalswamy et al. [2006]. While our paper [Howard and Tappin, 2005], (hereafter referred to as HT) does not draw conclusive results either, I do not believe that those produced in the present paper are any more reliable or conclusive. [2] Firstly, some general comments. The authors appear to have made a common oversight when comparing data separated by distance and design. Specifically, that is the argument that here is a shock at 1 AU, here is a CME a few days earlier and here is a flare which occurred somewhere on the solar disk at around the same time as the CME onset. Therefore these events must be the part of the same eruption. While they are observationally related their physical relationship has not be clearly established. For example, it may also have rained in New York on 7 April 1998 but this is not related to the phenomena being studied. [3] We cannot claim that a CME observed in LASCO which has no halo (or partial halo) component is directed along the Sun-Earth line without an attempt to explain how the physics of such a phenomena is possible. If no halo component is observed, then the CME must not have been in the Sun-Earth line when it was in LASCO's field of view, so we need a mechanism which allows the CME to cross this line in transit. [4] I offer some possible physical reasons for how such an event could be observed: [5] 1. The erupting CME (or associated shock, if such a distinction is possible) has one of its flanks directed along or near the Sun-Earth line, which crosses the line as the structure expands. This suggestion has been offered in Gopalswamy et al. [2006], but no attempt to physically validate this claim has been made. [6] 2. The CME structure corotates with the Sun, allowing its structure to move into the Sun-Earth line somewhere between 0 and 1 AU. [7] 3. Some as yet undefined longitudinal evolution of the erupting CME structure. [8] 4. There is an invisible halo or partial halo CME. This may have occurred simultaneously with the detected ''limb'' CME for it is common for HCMEs to be accompanied by a brighter, non-halo component. This is the mechanism proposed by HT and, as with Gopalswamy et al. [2006], no sufficient physical validation has been offered. [9] The point I am trying to make is that we are moving into the realms of speculation. The authors offer one physical explanation for what is causing these events, while we offer another. Neither can be directly proven with the available data and the comments presented by us appear to offer an alternative process for what can drive these structures. Until a physically justifiable claim to support either model is produced, then both (or perhaps all 4) of the aforementioned ideas must be regarded as equally viable. [10] Also, I feel it's important to point out that it is not correct to say that active regions or flares are the source of CMEs. They are, at best, a lower-altitude solar response to an as yet unknown driving mechanism, and are typically located at one footprint of the erupting magnetic structure containing the CME. [11] Now for specifics.


The purpose of this study is to estimate the visitors preferences of ecotourism attributes in Redang Island Marine Park. This study employs the Choice Experiments (CE), the Conditional Logit (CL) to investigate the visitors' preferences of the ecotourism attributes. The personal interview has been made with a total of 298 representative respondents. The respondents has been asked to select the best among the alternatives of ecotourism attributes. The ecotourism attributes which have been investigated are ecological management, recreational activity congestion, provision of employment opportunity to local people and conservation charge. Results of the study found that the visitors preferred the highest changed in ecological management attribute levels compared to recreational activity congestion and provision to local employment attributes levels. Results of this study are very important in assists policy maker in management and development plan for ecotourism in marine parks.


Objective: To examine dispensing patterns of methylphenidate (MPH) to determine how socioeconomic status (SES), ethnocultural affiliation, and gender affect the medical treatment of ADHD. Method: We reviewed MPH prescription records for year 2011 of children aged 6 to 18, from regional pharmacies serving homogeneous neighborhoods. Results: MPH prescriptions showed an increase in prevalence from 4.2% to 7.5% in the years 2007 to 2011, respectively. Jewish children were four times more likely to be prescribed MPH than Arab children, with significant discrepancies along SES and gender lines (p < .001). Higher SES and male gender were associated with greater use of MPH. General pediatric prescription rates of MPH in all communities increased by 85%, compared with year 2007 statistics (p < .001). Conclusion: Prescription patterns for MPH in children reflect diagnostic patterns of ADHD that appear to be heavily influenced by additive factors of SES, cultural attitudes, and gender. Dispensing data provide valuable information for targeting underserved groups and defining potential areas of abuse.


The moderating effects of production feedback and standards, singly or jointly, on the relationship between worker satisfaction and productivity were investigated in a repetitive production task. No substantial or consistent correlation was found between worker satisfaction and productivity and in general the correlation coefficient values were not statistically significant. Contrary to the expectation, many correlation coefficient values were negative. The incorporation of production feedback and standards affected worker satisfaction and productivity differently and this had an effect on the satisfaction-productivity relationship. For not finding consistent or substantial relationship between worker satisfaction and productivity, possible reasons were provided. The needs for future research were stated.


SYNTHESIS OF NOVEL 8-HYDROXYQUINOLINE DERIVATIVES AND ANTIMICROBIAL EVALUATION The synthesis and screening of new 8-hydroxyquinoline derivatives is growing, due to their various biological activities. In this work, the synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of new derivatives containing a substituted 5sulfonamide in the 8-hydroxyquinoline or a substituted amino group at the 7position of the 5-chloro-8-hydroxyquinoline or 5-chloro-8-methoxyquinoline is reported. The 5-sulfonamide derivatives were prepared by chlorosulfonation followed by the reaction with the appropriate amine. The 7-amino derivatives were synthesized by methylation of the 8-hydroxyquinoline, followed by palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction and demethylation. The antimicrobial evaluation was tested by the broth microdilution method. Among all the prepared compounds, 5a (from the 5-sulfonamide series) was the most potent, being active against all the fungal species tested, while also showing important activity against Staphylococcus aureus strains, and low toxicity against VERO cells. This suggests that the introduction of an electronwithdrawing group at para-position of the N-aryl substituent is important for the activity. In addition, the prepared 5a nanoemulsion maintained the antifungal activity of the compound against Candida spp. The 7-amino series has also presented interesting results. In this series, 5i was the most potent compound. This suggests that the hydrophilic heterocyclic substituent at the 7-position was favorable to antifungal activity. The presence of the free hydroxyl at the 8position is important for the antifungal activity, since the methyl-protected derivatives were poorly active. The 8-hydroxyquinoline derivatives 5a and 5i may be considered for further studies in the search for novel antimicrobial agents.


This paper makes a deep analysis on the geographic and market agglomeration condition of the equipment manufacture in Shaanxi province on the basis of the relative data in the statistical year book of both China and Shaanxi from 1997 to 2006, using the index of position quotient as a measurement tool, and revealed the comparative levels, developing characteristics and changing tendency of the whole industry and its inner sub-industries by comparing with different years, industries and regions in both longitudinal and transverse directions. It is of important practical significance and reference value in either the process of planning industrial layout and improving industrial structure or drafting the developing policies of industrial and regional economies.


Cloud computing is a key element in many nations' pursuit of fast-tracked digital transformation and the quick implementation of digital tools but is still facing considerable barriers due to the distinct challenges that information technology adoption faces in public sector environments. Using scientometric data from the Web of Science database, this study explores the current state of research and the structure of the public sector cloud computing knowledge domain in a novel way, utilizing the CiteSpace visual analytic software to produce knowledge maps that visualize public sector cloud computing research in terms of publication activity, constituent authors, and publication venues, as well as exploring the intellectual base of the knowledge domain. For public sector cloud computing researchers and practitioners, the study provides visual insights and analyses that support future research, collaboration, and evidence-based cloud computing implementation and utilization.


In this paper, we provide a concise overview for the user identification using his biometric featurespeech. Voice processing has multiple fields of research and is widely used in many applications. Speaker recognition to identify user is a complex process in which various techniques (feature extraction, feature matching, and identification) is used to match varied characteristics of voice between training and testing data to identify the user. This paper aims to discuss efficient method to implement the identification of user on basis of their biometric featurespeech.


The structural changes induced by reversible formation of Bronsted acidic sites and hydronium ions with water in a zeolite with MFI structure are reported as a function of temperature using a combination of physicochemical methods and theory. In the presence of an ample concentration of water, the protons are present as hydrated hydronium ions (H3O+(H2O)n) that are ion-paired to the zeolite. Loss of water molecules hydrating the hydronium ions leads to an unstable free hydronium ion that dissociates to form the hydroxylated T-site. The formation of this SiOHAl species leads to the elongation of one of the four Al–O bonds and causes significant distortion of the tetrahedral symmetry about the Al atom. This distortion leads to the appearance of new pre-edge features in the Al K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectra. The pre-edge peak assignment is confirmed by time-dependent density functional theory calculation of the XANES spectrum. The XANES spectra are also sensitive to solutes or so...


Since October.2002, the North Korea's nuclear issue had been a focus of international society. "Three Talks" and three "Six Talks" have made the North Korea's nuclear issue resolved under a multilateral frame. China's function on the issue has been seen. Although China has played a predominant role on this issue, from the issue's development process seen, its function is restricted. These functions and limits are arose by many causes, which are both China itself strength and international opportunity.


By numerical means we investigate moments for a free path length in 2D Sinai's billiard systems ranging from ergodic systems to non-ergodic ones individually. The starting point is a formula of a mean free path length expressed as a phase space average over an entire Birkhoff space. On the basis of the formula, we investigate the moments for 0 and . Investigating rectangular, triangular and honeycomb lattices in which either an ellipse-shaped scatterer or a segment-shaped scatterer is located, for 0< n <1.2, we find almost universal two scaling indices representing the behavior of the moments irrespective of the details of the systems, when we adopt the mean free path length as a scaling variable. These results imply that the mean free path length can be interpreted as a relevant scaling variable in all cases. We also discuss some theoretical reasoning about the universality.


The low efficiency of the system of the counteraction to the informal economy in the regions of Russia determined the necessity of the search of the practical measures in the reduction of the informal sector of the economy in the practice of foreign states. The authors suggested the main directions of the economic policy at the macro and the meso levels within which the methods (economic and administrative ones) and the measures (reduction of the combined tax rate, increase of the number of administrative inspections in the enterprises, number of the labour inspectors, standardization and simplification of the business registration and so on) counteracting to the informal economy. The marginal analysis of the foreign experience of the practical realization of the mentioned measures resulted in the construction of the graphical model which allows determining the most efficient of them. The authors showed the importance of the suggested measures for the development of the counteraction system to the informal economy in the regions of Russia.


This paper uses four different methods to analyze and evaluate the reliability of whole Eliminate-bonds Vehicle based on analyzing the construction of developed Eliminate-bonds Vehicle, and gets the conclusion is that they have a higher reliability, according to the record.


This contribution presents a design project that focuses on three important urban spaces in the city of Patras. The contribution deals with some of the fundamental problems which depict in these particular areas. Two of the most essential issues of these abandoned and isolated places are the accessibility of pedestrians and the lack of identity. A design experiment is developed, identifying disadvantages of the space and taking into consideration groups of people that are interested in an upcoming change, This experiment is based on knowledge of neuroscience about space and it deals with human's experience and senses. It focuses on open urban spaces and the consolidation of a cultural and historical place into daily life.


The Grignard metathesis reaction of 2,5-dibromo-3-(5′-hexylpyridine-2′-yl)thiophene (M1) with i-PrMgCl afforded 5-bromo-2-chloromagnesio-3-(5′-hexylpyridine-2′-yl)thiophene (GM1) in the 86% selectivity. The Kumada coupling polymerization by Ni(dppp)Cl2 gave polyM1 having the roughly controlled molecular weight between 6700 and 23,400. The characterization using the gel permeation chromatographic and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectra indicated the diffusion of the nickel catalyst from the propagating end. Based on the GC and 1H NMR spectra, the head-to-tail content of polyM1 was calculated to be 89%. The regioselective Grignard metathesis reactions of 5,5′-dibromo-4-(5″-hexylpyridine-2″-yl)-2,2′-bithiophene (M2) and 5,5′-dibromo-4-(5″-hexylpyrimidine-2″-yl)-2,2′-bithiophene (M3) also occurred at the ortho-position of the nitrogen heterocycle. The Kumada coupling polymerizations gave polyM2 and polyM3 having the head-to-tail content of 75% and 85%, respectively. The UV–vis spectra of polymers suggested that the polymer conformation becomes more planar in the order of polyM1 < polyM3 < polyM2, which was investigated by the theoretical calculation of the model oligomers. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014, 52, 2166–2174


The online learning system is a new challenge for teachers and students in Indonesia. To get maximum learning outcomes during online learning, students need good time management, so students will value time and take advantage of time so that learning outcomes will be in line with expectations. This study aims to analyze the effect of time management on the learning outcomes of class X economic subjects at SMA Labschool Unesa with a total population of 91 students. The type of research used in this research is quantitative research. The data collection method used in this research is to use a questionnaire and the data analysis used in this research is to use simple linear regression analysis. The results of this study state that (1) Time management partially affects student learning outcomes (2) Time management has a positive and significant relationship with student learning outcomes (3) Time management has a positive and significant effect on the learning outcomes of class X students in economics at SMA Labschool Unesa.


paper. To enable class placement, two different types of information may be soughtcalled 'subjective' and 'objective' (Alford, 1962). In the subjective approach one simply asks the person what class he thinks he is by giving him a class schema and asking him to identify his position in it. This approach, as generally used, has the difficulty of taking little account of the fact that the subject himself may customarily use an explicit schema very different from the one the sociologist presents to him (but note Davies, 1967). In the objective approach, one obtains information about several properties said to be critical for social class and simply sums them. Alford (1962) and Broom et al. (1968) sum scores


The study examined the effects of national culture, self-construals, and power distance on face concerns and facework behaviors during conflicts with parents and siblings. A total of 449 participants of 4 national cultures completed a questionnaire in their respective languages: Germany, Japan, Mexico, and the United States. The questionnaire measured 3 face concerns and 11 facework behaviors in recalled conflicts with either a sibling or a parent. The major findings of the study are as follows: (a) self-construals had strong effects on face concerns and facework with independence positively associated with self-face and dominating facework and interdependence positively associated with other- and mutual-face and integrating and avoiding facework behaviors; (b) power distance had small, positive effects on self-face, other-face, avoiding facework, and dominating facework; (c) national culture had small to medium effects with individualistic, small power distance cultures having more self-face and mutual-face and using more dominating and integrating facework and less avoiding facework; (d) Germans have more self-face and used defending more than U.S. Americans; (e) Japanese used more expression than Mexicans; and (f) individuals in conflict with parents were more likely to use respect and expression and less likely to use aggression, pretend, and third party than individuals in conflict with siblings.


The Revised Classroom Play(RCP) scale was validated for Korean 4th grade students. 104 boys and 80 girls took the translated RCP. Test-retest reliability was established with 41 children after 2 months, and test of criterion-related validation was established by the Social Behavior Scale administered to 71 children. All raw scores were standardized by classroom and sex to adjust for differences in the number of nominators and nominatees. The structure of the RCP resulted in 3 factors, `sociability-disruptive` and `shy-isolated`, with 28 items similar to the original RCP 3 factors. For criterion-related validity, the correlations between the 3 factors of the RCP and the 3 factors of the Social Behavior Scale were positive. For internal consistencies, Cronbach`s α of the RCP factors ranged from .77 to .94. Test-retest reliability coefficients ranged from .33 to .51. Analyses of variance revealed good item discrepancies for all 28 items. These results confirm the RCP as a valid and reliable measure of the quality of peer relations.


Mosehe is a symbol or symbol that expresses the conception of the Tolaki tribe, both to humans, the universe and the relationship between humans and other humans. Mosehe is divided into two, namely Mosehemohewu and Moseheowose or Mosehewonua. Mosehemohewu is held in a simple form, namely if there is conflict between humans, both individuals within the family, and between families. The author's focus is Mosehe in the simple form of conflict between individual humans in the family (marital problems). The research method used is empirical legal research. The data used is data that is directly obtained from data sources in the field (field research) and then described. The existence and role of Mosehe in solving problems in marriage in Woiha Village, Tirawuta District, East Kolaka Regency is very important, where the Mosehe ceremony is not only a sacred activity but is also believed to reject all dangers or repel reinforcements. Plays an important role in solving various problems in marital problems, such as elopement, pregnancy out of wedlock and other marital problems, because in the symbol of the mosehe ceremony it is symbolized as an act of purification from all sins/mistakes.


"Knowledge is the only treasure you can give entirely without running short of it (African proverb cited in IFAD, 2007)." And it has been largely recognised by organisations that knowledge is a res ...


Silicon p–i–n mesa-photodiodes have been made. Different variants of masking coating during etching of the mesa-profile have been studied. Comparative characteristic of photodetectors manufacture by planar- and mesa-technology have been carried out. Defect formation on the surface of silicon substrates in different options of technology was investigated. Parameters of photodiodes manufactured by planar and meso-technology were investigated. Photodiodes with a meso-structure have higher responsivity and lower capacitance than samples made by conventional planar technology.


Recent critiques of 'payments for ecosystem services' (PES) and other market-based instruments for environmental conservation have noted that such mechanisms rarely (if ever) operate according to idealised market rules. The characterisation of PES as a form of 'neoliberal conservation', therefore, has been questioned and even deemed to be misguided. While close examination of local context and micropolitics often reveals a nuanced view of contested and hybrid implementation, similar analysis can also reveal the way that officials continue to steer programs towards market ideals. In this paper, I consider the case of Costa Rica's national Pagos por Servicios Ambientales (PSA) program, to suggest that–in spite of its imperfect correspondence to an idealised neoliberal model–it is undergoing a continual process of neoliberalisation. I explore, in particular, the evolution of PSA financing, which has shifted (under the influence of two World Bank projects) towards direct financialised transactions between 'users' and 'providers' of ecosystem services. The paper provides a historical account of the complex (and sometimes contradictory) processes that have produced the program's current hybrid neoliberal form. It explores World Bank / Costa Rica relations and market-oriented interventions to the financing of ecosystem service payments, and it explains that (despite inherent contradictions inhibiting market formation) neoliberal actors within the state can still implement mechanisms designed to approximate markets.


Scientific cooperation in international scope has been significantly intensified in recent years, as it strengthens the courses of graduation and graduate programs, corroborates to increase the number and quality of research, assists in granting scholarships and enables resource sharing, among others. So, given the importance of this theme, this study has the following objective: to examine how it has developed international scientific cooperation of the members of research groups in the Executive Secretariat in Brazil. To this end, a study of quantitative and qualitative nature was developed, from the descriptive method. The data used have secondary origin because they were obtained on the basis of consultation with the Lattes curriculum of all members of research groups of the Executive Secretariat area, from search by the following terms: Secretariat; Secretariat executive and secretarial. The main results show that all groups to a greater or lesser number have presented scientific productions of this nature. Among the types of production, the groups present greater international collaboration in the indicator "publications" and with countries, Portugal and Argentina, respectively.


Ruggenenti et al. (1) report the effect of adding ezetimibe to simvastatin in patients with type 2 diabetes. Some additional comments could be of interest.

The serum HDL cholesterol was significantly lower after adding …


The electronic structure and optical spectra of Sm monochalcogenides are investigated theoretically from first principles, using the fully relativistic Dirac LMTO band structure method. The electronic structure is obtained with the local spin-density approximation (LSDA), as well as with the so-called $\mathrm{LSDA}+U$ approach. In contrast to LSDA, where the stable solution in SmS is a metal, the $\mathrm{LSDA}+U$ gave an insulating ground state. The energy band structure of samarium monochalcogenides describes well their measured x-ray photoemission spectra (XPS) as well as their optical spectra. The electronic structure of SmS high-pressure golden phase calculated in the $\mathrm{LSDA}+U$ approximation is characterized by five fully occupied $4f$ levels situated around 6 eV below the Fermi level and a sixth $4f$ level partly occupied due to pinning at the Fermi level. The occupation number is equal to 0.45 (valence 2.55+).


Young trees of green ash (Fraxlnus pennsyivanica) from 43 geographic origins throughout the species' range were heavily attacked (81 %) by the ash borer (Podosesia syringae) or its sibling species P. aureoclncta, with no differences among provenances. Faster growing trees were attacked more often than weak trees. The few fast-growing, borer-free trees remaining are being vegetatively propagated and used in controlled crosses to develop populations for further testing.


ETS-10, AM-6, and SGU-29 are isostructural microporous transition metal silicates that contain TiO6 and VO6 quantum wires and one-dimensional (1D) arrays of CuO4 square planes, within the structures. Owing to their unique structures, these materials commonly have the ability to adsorb large amounts of CO2 from humid flue gases without interference by moisture. Because of this interesting property, a greater understanding of the local structural features of these substances is required so that superior CO2 absorbing materials can be designed. Quantum mechanical (QM) calculations would be ideal for this purpose. Previous QM calculations have been conducted only on ETS-10 and its heteroatom-substituted analogues, employing simple cluster models or restricting periodicity to one dimension. In the current study, we carried out first-principles QM calculations on ETS-10, AM-6, and SGU-29 employing their full unit cells allowing periodicity to all three dimensions. The results show that the symmetries of TiO6 an...


In fracture mechanics modeling the rock mass is seen as the combination of rock material and fractures, which are evident on different scales. The activation and propagation of fractures dominates the stability and performance issues as well as fluid flow potential. Once fractures have started to grow into each other and create through going separations, stability of rock engineering constructions may be violated. Further, as fracture mechanics inherently incorporated a scaling law in the form of the participating fracture length, scaling issues can be more accurately mirrored. This contribution highlights some examples of application of a fracture mechanics based code on some rock mechanics issues such as numerical laboratory experiments, borehole stability or the creation of fluid pathways due to underground constructions. The results show explicitly the creation of fractures and connection of existing ones, and hence the safety and performance issues. It has to be concluded that the basis for frequent application of fracture mechanics on specialized challenges in Geomechanics is laid, and the needs for future developments are defined. ROCKENG09: Proceedings of the 3rd CANUS Rock Mechanics Symposium, Toronto, May 2009 (Ed: M.Diederichs and G. Grasselli)


Introduction and Aim: Previously, it has been reported a possible role ofgenetic factors in the etiology of posterior uretral valv (PUV). However, no c/ear evidence for a specific gene defect in PUV has been detected There are only a few reports in the literature on familial posterior urethral valve cases. Here we present two brothers with PUV, one of them get diagnosed incidentally. Cas e 1: Bilateral hydroureteronephrosis was diagnosed prenatally in younger brother. Postnatal voiding cystouretrography (VCUG) revealed Grade V bilateral vesicoureteral re.flux (VUR). Vesicostomy was performed Ablasion was performed at one year of age for Type I valve. After repair of vesicostomy, he admitted to clean intermittant cateterization (CIC) program with anti-cholinergic m edication. Case 2: The diagnosis of bilateral hydroureteronephrosis was made incidentally in 4-year-old boy, when he came to visit his operated brother. At the time, he had an noticeab/e abdominal distention. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed bilateral hydroureteronephrosis, VCUG showed bilateral Grade V VUR. On cystoscopy Type I valve identified and.fulgurated CIC program was started with anti-cholinergic medication. However, it was noticed the emptying of bladder is not appopriate due to false urethral passage. Vesicostomy was performed to emptying the bladder. Conclusions: In familial cases of PUV,.further and detailed investigations are needed to define of a possible genetic etiology. We suggest screening in siblings of patients with posterior urethral valves in order to achive early diagnosis and optimal care.


The main objectives of this paper are the analysis of the modeling problems for the dynamic behavior of moored devices for marine tidal energy harnessing and the solutions proposed for the GESMEY generator. The paper has been divided in four parts: the analysis of the energy resources and the state of the art of the technologies used for their exploitation, the description of the GESMEY generator, the modeling problems for this kind of devices and, finally, some examples of the dynamic behavior of the GESMEY generator.


This Article demonstrates and defines the right of criticism and the field of its application as one aspect of freedom of speech and opinion. In fact, this right often enables mass media to participate in public life and is considered as a direct contribution to protect the censorship system and to discover its defects. This occurs after publishing the opinions and the evaluations of the different works that interest society and showing its disadvantages in the context of the democratic transformations that prevail in our Arab societies nowadays. The article also exposes the conditions of the right of criticism and its contribution to the development of society. It also made some suggestions concerning the right of criticism that, I believe, the Algerian legislator should follow. Focus, then, should be on mass media and its role of creating a balanced discourse that can transmit facts objectively and enables the public to criticize what has been transmitted if there is a need to do that.


Statius (Silv. 4.3.17; cf. 4.1.13) seems to credit the completion of Vespasian's Templum Pacis to Domitian, but most topographers reject this statement. Recent investigation on the site, however, reveals significant Domitianic work in the remains. The Templum Pacis sat on the southeast side of the Argiletum, which connected the Subura to the Forum. The Argiletum was traditionally a bustling commercial street—the site, probably, of Republican Rome's most important provisions market—noisy and crowded. It remained so despite the encroachment of grandiose Imperial buildings during the first centuries B.C. and A.C. Little remains today of the Temple of Peace, but its form is known from the Severan Forma Urbis and reveals a rectangular porticus with one anomalous, inconsistent wall, far narrower than the other enclosure walls. This wall, on the northwest side of the complex facing onto the Argiletum, destroys the rigid symmetry of the plan; it was this side of the enclosure that Domitian's architect had to deal with when transforming the lower end of the Argiletum into the Forum Transitorium. Remains of marble pavement in front of the Temple of Minerva in Domitian's Forum reveal traces of two separate building phases in the monumentalization of the Argiletum: cuttings for column plinths appear beneath the line of the temple's flank orthostates. Von Blanckenhagen intepreted these cuttings as evidence for a Vespasianic temple, peripteral and very low-lying, that preceded Domitian's, but the building he reconstructs is unparalleled in Roman architecture and somewhat unlikely. The remains may be better explained by assuming that the northwest wall of the Templum Pacis originally shared the form of the other three walls and that the column traces indicate the line and level of the original colonnade that lined the Argiletum. This wall had to be removed to make room for the Forum Transitorium, but its paving blocks were reused and remained in situ. By this maneuver, Domitian's architect separated the Templum Pacis from the street and protected it. The architect also made the Temple a part of the sequence of Imperial Fora, for which it had never been intended, and to which it bears little formal resemblance.


did the idea of "building partner capacity" take root so that regional conflicts remained regional and did not require substantial US intervention. But this effort may have produced undesirable results. One could argue that both the Emiratis and the Saudis have been lured by their selfperception of a solid military into undertaking questionable military action (in Yemen for both and in Libya for the Emiratis). In the case of Lebanon, it is uncertain whether the Lebanese Armed Forces would ever manage to achieve true national support unless they confronted Israel, an outcome that, most assuredly, is not what the US expects. The Jordan Armed Forces enjoy a relatively strong reputation, but this discussion always uncomfortably peters out when budgetary sustainability is raised — without a perpetual US government subsidy, it is uncertain the institution would survive. It is, however, more than a bit churlish (albeit common) to criticize a book for elements that it does not contain and that were most likely considered during writing and editing. The focus of this review is on what the book does contain, which is a very useful examination of the persistent challenges (albeit from a very American perspective) faced in assisting Arab states with building effective armed forces. This book is perhaps most useful as a study of US government systems, goals, and shortfalls. Given America's longstanding role as the backstop of regional security, such a study is, of course, extremely relevant to the Middle East. Students of the region familiar with its seemingly intractable security problems will benefit from this book; anyone who views the US government as a colossus that dictates outcomes to its regional partners would find this to be a useful — and indeed vital — corrective.


W the history of dermatology has not been separated from the history of medicine in general, enough evidence exists to suggest that perhaps it should. Certainly, visible sores, scabs, parasites, and intolerable itching were reason enough to impel early writers to focus more attention on skin diseases than on many other medical disorders. Exactly where did dermatologic lore have its beginnings? The earliest known medical writings centered in the Middle East. The Ebers Papyrus of the 16th century BC was devoted largely to diseases of the skin, and as such is accepted as the beginning of dermatologic literature. Other historical references to skin conditions are found in scrolls from the kingdoms of the Upper and Lower Nile, and those of Imhotep in Egypt. The books of Moses in the Old Testament not only contained vivid descriptions of skin diseases, but also included their diagnosis and treatment. Although Greek medicine began in mythology, the early physicians—Hippocrates, Aristotle, and others, who were called Asklepiads—used deliberation and reason in considering the physical factors of a disease.


Limnoperna fortunei (Dunker, 1875), known as the golden mussel is from Asia and was probably introduced in 1991, in the La Plate river in Buenos Aires, thus reaching the waters of South America via ballast water. Was first observed in Brazil in area of the Delta Jacuí, in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul and in Corumbá, Mato Grosso do Sul, in 1998. This invasive species has caused significant environmental impacts and huge losses for industries that use raw water for cooling because they form clumps that clog pipes (macrofouling), blocking the stream of water. To minimize the damage caused by invasive species, various forms of control, which can be physical, chemical and biological agents are used. In this work, to do the control tests, we used as chemical form the agent sodium hypochlorite. As described in some studies, adults mussels are more resistant to chemical agents, this sense proved to be more advantageous to use the larvae as target, preventing them from attaching the pipes and form the macrofoulings. This study aimed to adapt a method of controlling larvae of the golden mussel (Limonperna fortunei) with the use of sodium hypochlorite, and verifying a low and effective concentration on larval mortality. The experiments were performed in the laboratory, where golden mussel larvae were exposed for five minutes in a solution of sodium hypochlorite and evaluated in post-exposure times of 1 hour, 6 hours, 12 hours and 24 hours. To evaluate the percentage of mortality was used the method of analysis of variance (ANOVA) and to see which concentrations are statistically different at a significance level of 5% was done the Tukey test. The system studied with application of chlorinated agent, even at low levels of free chlorine and exposure time of five minutes, proved effective in controlling larvae of the golden mussel, because even with the exposure of a solution of 0.001 mg. L -1 of free chlorine, the mortality of larvae reached 100% in 24 hours. The concentrations of free chlorine tested attend CONAMA Resolution 357 of 2005, to a condition of quality Class I of freshwater and 2914 Ordinance of the Ministry of Health, establishing water quality for human consumption. Key-Words: Limnoperna fortunei, chemical control, chlorine, veligers


This paper reports that, the authors succeeded in fabricating a solid-oxide-electrolyte fuel cell, with the highest power-generation density, with a maximum single-cell-level density of 1550 mW/cm{sup 2}. This cell was made by depositing a 10{mu}m thick 10 mol% (m/o) yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte layer on a porous La(Sr)MnO{sub x} cathode tube using the electrochemical vapor deposition method and then making a Ru/YSZ cermet anode on top of it.


To explore the relationship between cutaneous electrogastrogram(EGG) and liver function indices in patients with liver cirrhosis.Cutaneous EGG and laboratory tests were measured in 63 patients with liver cirrhosis and 20 healthy volunteers.Dominant frequeney (DF) and the percentage of electrogastric dysrhythmia were significantly different among healthy group、 Child-pughA、B、C;On correlation analysis,two indices-serum albumin (ALB) and platelet count (PLT)-correlated inversely with the percentage of electrogastric dysrhymia(r=-0.723 and -0.704 separately).1.Patients with liver cirrhosis have disturbance of electrogastric rhythm,and the disturbance becomes more serious when the impairment of liver function advances;2.The serum ALB and PLT are closely related to the percentage of electrogastric dysrhythmia,by which we can judge the situation of gastric dynamic dysfunction of liver cirrhosis.


Abstract Background: Central catecholamines, particularly dopaminergic and noradrenergic systems, have affected the appetitive behavior in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN). The purpose of this study is to distinguish the characteristics of contingent negative variation (CNV) and postimperative negative variation (PINV), which may reflect the level of catecholamine in children with AN.


For mobile multimedia communications, Quality of Service (QoS) is significantly important. In general it will incur costs to improve QoS. Regarding utility function of cost versus gain for an individual user, it is useful to evaluate relationship between cost such as energy consumption and gain such as QoS. Network operators or service providers could invest more resource facilities to improve QoS that will result in rising users' service fees. User cooperative mobility is one of key technology that does not select between cost and gain tradeoff, but provides the best solution.


The aim of this study is using the theory of regulatory focus and self-efficacy as well as off-campus English-learning to discuss the factors influencing the English-learning achievement of junior high school students. Questionnaire research method was employed and 447 students of grades 8 & 9 from a junior high school located at southern Taoyuan were sampled. After deleting incompletely answered questionnaire samples, the useful samples are about 96%. The consequential relationship of the acquired sample data is analyzed using the partial least squares(PLS) of structural equation model, and statistically tested using descriptive statistic, factor analysis, reliability and validity analysis, and one-way ANOVA analysis. The results of this study are listed below: 1. The more the English-learning of students using promotion focus, the higher their off-campus English-learning hours and self-efficacy. 2. The employment of prevention focus in the students' English-learning is not significantly related to off-campus English-learning hours, however, the more the prevention focus is employed, the lower the self-efficacy. 3. The higher the students' off-campus English-learning hours, the higher their self-efficacy and English exam ranking. 4. Students' off-campus English-learning hours and their English exam score ranking improvement are not significantly related. 5. Self-efficacy and the ranking improvement in English-learning are not significantly related. 6. The social and economic status of the students' families significantly influences their English-learning conditions and results. Finally, according to our research results, several suggestions are provided for the reference of the parents, education authorities, and interested future researchers.


Poly aluminum ferric silicate was prepared from high-alumina-bearing fly ash,sulfuric acid cinder and industrial waste acid.Based on the chemical and physical property of the high-alumina fly ash,the extraction process of silica,aluminium and ferrum of "solid-phase pyrolysis and acid leaching" was established by taking trona as cosolvent.The best synthesis conditions of poly aluminum-ferric silicates was reached when molar ratio of silicate and alumina is 1 ∶ 0.7,molar ratio of silicate and alumina is 1 ∶ 0.5,pH value is 2,polymerization temperature is 60℃.Finally,the product was characterized using XRD,IR and SEM.The result shows that the poly aluminum ferric silicate from this fabrication process was of good polymerization and big polymer size.Compared with the traditional flocculants,this new product has better flocculation performance.


High cycle fatigue (HCF) damage caused by normal traffic loading is one of the major modes of failures in steel bridges. During bridge service life, there are extreme loading situations such as typhoons, earthquakes which cause higher amplitude loading than normal traffic loading. Due to this reason, critical members could undergo overstress cycles in the plastic range. Therefore, such members are subjected to low cycle fatigue (LCF) during these situations while subjecting to HCF in serviceable condition. Bridges, which are not seriously damaged, generally continue to be functioned after these extreme loading situations and fatigue life estimation is required to ensure their safety. Therefore, this paper presents a new damage indicator based fatigue model to predict life of steel bridges due to combined effect of extreme and normal traffic loadings. It consists of a modified strain life curve and a strain based damage indicator. Both the strain life curve and the damage indicator are newly proposed in the study. Modified strain life curve consists of Coffin Manson relation in the LCF regime and a new strain life curve in the HCF regime. Damage variable is based on von Mises equivalent strain and modified by factors to consider effects of loading non proportionality and loading path in multiaxial stress state. The new damage indicator can capture the loading sequence effect. The proposed model is verified with experimental test results of combined HCF and LCF of three materials; S304L stainless steel, Haynes 188 (a Cobolt superalloy) and S45C steel obtained from the literature. The verification of experimental results confirms the validity of the proposed model.


National and international organizations insist on the need to develop mechanisms and strategies to reduce the unnecessary harm associated with healthcare to a minimum. In this sense, more and more actions and researches have been accomplished in the last decade. Besides technology and knowledge developed in the meantime, behavioral aspects have to also be taken into consideration in order to meet the complexity and specificity requirements of healthcare. Hand hygiene procedures and the paradoxes surrounding the healthcare workers compliance to these procedures, here understood as a phenomenon, are the subject of this research. It leads to the understanding of violation behavior – a stage of the error attainment process -, which is partly responsible for the high incidence of preventable and adverse events. Some explanatory models have been used to visualize that phenomenon, which has been studied from different standpoints. In this thesis,
qualitative research is grounded on a theory that aims to understand the violation behavior that occurs throughout medical actions that require their compliance to hand hygiene initiatives.
This analysis sustains the importance of the implementation of hand hygiene initiatives and the systematic advancement of such procedures in order to qualify healthcare workers to prevent cross-transmission of microorganisms. The more
advanced is the implementation stage of the process, higher is the possibility of detection and understanding of the behavioral dynamic involving low compliance to it. Thus, the development of strategies might diminish the gap between prescribed work and real work.


A new study from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention underscores the connections between youth health and academic achievement.


When SL Flygbussarna (The public transport company operating the airport bus routes in the Stockholm area) was to start a new connection between Arlanda Airport and the city of Taeby consisting of a small bus feeding an ordinary coach connection at an attractive interchange, the passengers' preferences concerning an interchange were investigated. Passengers on the airport buses are air passengers and people travelling to their work on Arlanda Airport or on aircrafts. The most important task was to measure the inconvenience people feel when they have to change buses compared to having the possibility to travel directly to or from the airport. The interviews of the survey were made using portable computers on board the buses. The evaluation of the survey shows that it is a big sacrifice for bus travellers to change buses. However, if the interchange is well designed the inconvenience of the interchange is reduced.


This paper summarized the present production,distribution and process of litchi,and also summed up the health effect and the latter development of pharmacology. Finally,it viewed the prospect of litchi exploitation.


The Penrose inequality is a conjectured inequality between the area of the horizon and the mass of a black-hole spacetime. The null Penrose inequality is the case where it concerns the area of the horizon and the Bondi mass at null infinity along a null hypersurface. An effective method to prove Penrose-type inequalities is to exploit the monotonicity of the Hawking mass along certain foliations, e.g. the Riemannian Penrose inequality is proven by this method using the inverse mean curvature flow by Huisken and Ilmanen [HI] (another approach is the conformal flow by Bray [Br]). In his thesis [S], Sauter constructed the constant mass aspect function foliation aiming to prove the null Penrose inequality. The behavior of the foliation at null infinity is an obstacle for his method. An idea to overcome this difficulty, which is suggested in the end of [S], is to vary the null hypersurface to achieve the desired behavior of the foliation at null infinity, leading to a spacetime version of the Penrose inequality. This thesis is aimed at formalizing this idea. We restrict our analysis to spacetimes close to the Schwarzschild spacetime. We prove that in such spacetimes, there exists a 4-parameter family of marginally trapped surfaces, such that the constant mass aspect function foliations starting from them are asymptotically round at null infinity. We prove that the weak null Penrose inequality holds for this family of marginally trapped surfaces and the reference frames defined by the constant mass aspect function foliations starting from them.


Distribution management is all about reaching the product as near to the customer as possible and making the product and service available to the customer. The products must be available to the customer at the right place and at the right time and with an assortment which gives a lot of choice to the customers. The intermediaries in the marketing channel performs a lot of activities for the manufacturer and serves as the go-between of the manufacturer as well as the consumer. The value addition of the distribution system is tremendous and that is why it is now a very important component of the marketing strategy. It is the fourth P in the 4Ps of the marketing mix and has not been given much importance traditionally. However, now the situation has changed primarily because it is very difficult nowadays to differentiate in the market through the use of product, price, and promotions alone. Distribution systems can help the company in differentiating themselves from the competitors. The distribution system understands the end-customers very well and thus guides the company in offering the best product mix to the consumers. The distribution system also expects a lot of support and motivation from the company and when the company is able to do that well, a long-term relationship is formed. This is crucial as the then the commitment level of the system goes up and tends to support the company and the brand in every possible manner. It has been seen time and again that when the long-term relationship forms, the company gets a very positive response and return from the market. The idea here is that the distribution systems should not be treated as a combination of some marketing tactics, but a significant and important part of the company's strategic intent and goals.


Recent studies of creativity have emphasized the role played by social institutions in legitimating novelty. This study explored an aspect of the relationship between society and the innovator that has not been looked at before-the problem-posing role of consumers. Certain segments of society experience emerging conditions before others. Innovators in contact with these advanced consumers tend to be among the first to discover important new problems. This article defines consumers at the forefront of their fields as problem pioneers. Its premise is that creative innovators connect with problem pioneers. Interview data from a study of eminent persons are used to explore where contact with problem pioneers has led innovators to creative achievements in both commercial and scientific spheres. Examining the role of problem pioneers in creative innovation may enrich our theoretical understanding of the creative process and point to new means by which to help people manifest their creative potential.


Significance During development, growth deforms tissues and organs. This is notably the case during the formation of new flowers in plants, as the tissue folds during young floral bud emergence. Here, we provide further evidence that organogenesis compresses the cells at the boundary, separating the organ from the stem cell niche, and we show that this leads to nucleus compression and chromatin changes. While mechanical forces are well known to affect nucleus shape and chromatin in mammalian cells in culture, this demonstrates that such an effect also occurs in a developing organism and suggests that forces may help to define boundary domains through large-scale chromatin effects. Artificial mechanical perturbations affect chromatin in animal cells in culture. Whether this is also relevant to growing tissues in living organisms remains debated. In plants, aerial organ emergence occurs through localized outgrowth at the periphery of the shoot apical meristem, which also contains a stem cell niche. Interestingly, organ outgrowth has been proposed to generate compression in the saddle-shaped organ–meristem boundary domain. Yet whether such growth-induced mechanical stress affects chromatin in plant tissues is unknown. Here, by imaging the nuclear envelope in vivo over time and quantifying nucleus deformation, we demonstrate the presence of active nuclear compression in that domain. We developed a quantitative pipeline amenable to identifying a subset of very deformed nuclei deep in the boundary and in which nuclei become gradually narrower and more elongated as the cell contracts transversely. In this domain, we find that the number of chromocenters is reduced, as shown by chromatin staining and labeling, and that the expression of linker histone H1.3 is induced. As further evidence of the role of forces on chromatin changes, artificial compression with a MicroVice could induce the ectopic expression of H1.3 in the rest of the meristem. Furthermore, while the methylation status of chromatin was correlated with nucleus deformation at the meristem boundary, such correlation was lost in the h1.3 mutant. Altogether, we reveal that organogenesis in plants generates compression that is able to have global effects on chromatin in individual cells.


To achieve convenient manipulation in functional analysis of conceptual design and all-side design information in functional structure, present functional analysis methods, such as FAST, the subtract and operate procedure and the functional structure method, are discussed respectively in this paper. Based on characters of technical system, the generalized process function in mechanical products is revealed. With the introduction of the concept of input constraint function, a new functional analysis method is put forward, including its decomposing steps. This method provides a reliable mode for the conceptual design of mechanical products. An engineering case is cited to confirm it finally.


The WLAN and Bluetooth applications become popular in mobile devices, integrating GSM and ISM bands operation in one compact antenna, can reduce the size of mobile devices. Recently, lot many investigations are carried out in designing a dual band antennas with operating frequencies in GSM band and in ISM band for mobile devices. Printed monopoles are under this investigation. In this paper, dual-band printed monopoles are presented to operate at GSM band i.e. 900 MHz and ISM band i.e. 2.4 GHz. We intend to observe the antenna characteristics on the network analyzer and verify the theoretical results with the practical ones.


A number of commercially available SiC and Si{sub 3}N{sub 4} materials were exposed to 1000{degrees}C for 40 h in a high-velocity, pressurized burner rig as a simulation of an aircraft turbine environment. Na impurities (2 ppm) added to the burner flame resulted in molten Na{sub 2}SO{sub 4} deposition, attack of the SiC and Si{sub 3}N{sub 4}, and formation of substantial Na{sub 2}O {center dot} {ital x}(SiO{sub 2}) corrosion product. Room-temperature strength of the materials decreased as a result of the formation of corrosion pits in SiC and grain-boundary dissolution and pitting in Si{sub 3}N{sub 4}.


A smart home is the residential extension of building automation. It initially involved the control and automation of systems that ensure human comfort such as lighting, heating, ventilation, air conditioning and security. This paper present a design and implementation of cost effective smart home controlled with an android phone. This framework is intended to help and satisfy the needs of the elderly and the handicapped within our houses. Additionally, the idea of smart home system will improve the well-being status at our homes. The fundamental control system uses a wireless Bluetooth device and analog sensors which in turns they give a wireless access to smart phones. The system design does not remove the existing electrical switches but rather gives a safer control over the switches with low voltage usage technique. The switch status is synchronized everywhere each person interface demonstrates the current existing switch status. This system is designed to control electrical device throughout the home with ease of installing it, ease of use and cost-effective design and implementation.


This thesis describes the diverse contexts in which the hearing impairment has been diagnosed, treated and identified in the different social environments in Ecuador and in the world. Only after the research activities were finished, we were able to discover that there are not enough communication or social marketing campaigns that endorse the inclusion and acceptance of the population that has hearing impairment. Reason why the main goal is to create conscience about the importance of the street noises and how they affect our audition.