Walking is one of the most sustainable and healthy forms of everyday travel over short distances, but pedestrianism has declined substantially in almost all countries over the past century. This paper uses a combination of personal testimonies and government reports to examine how the spaces through which people travel have changed over time, to chart the impacts that such changes have had on pedestrian mobility and to consider the shifts that are necessary to revitalise walking as a common form of everyday travel. In the nineteenth century, most urban spaces were not especially conducive to walking, but many people did walk as they had little alternative and the sheer number of pedestrians meant that they could dominate urban space. In the twentieth century, successive planning decisions have reshaped cities making walking appear both harder and riskier. Motorised transport has been normalised and pedestrianism marginalised. Only radical change will reverse this.


The instability of the flow through a mixed-flow-type vaneless diffuser system was examined experimentally. An unsteady flow was observed when the angle of the flow at the diffuser inlet became small, and it was concluded that the unsteady flow was based on rotating stall occurred in the vaneless diffuser. The effects of the diffuser width and inlet pipe on the rotational speed of the stall cell were observed. Rotating stall measured in this study was different from that reported for radial vaneless diffusers. The rotational speed of the stall cell, however, is nearly equal to that measured for the radial vaneless diffusers. The flow condition in the vaneless diffuser at the initiation flow rate of rotating stall was discussed based on the velocity distributions measured and those obtained from a turbulent flow analysis.


A new approach, plasma-induced graft polymerization of poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (PEGMA), was used to introduce PEG graft chains with hydroxyl end groups onto a polyurethane (Tecoflex) surface. After argon plasma treatment and subsequent exposure to air, graft polymerization onto Tecoflex films was allowed to proceed in deaerated aqueous solutions of PEGMA at 60°C. The virgin, plasma-treated, and grafted films were characterized comparatively by means of attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, measurement of contact angle, and protein adsorption. The Tecoflex film undergoes etching during argon plasma treatment, surface oxidation when exposed to air after plasma treatment, and surface restructuring in response to environment upon storage in air. The plasma-induced graft polymerization of PEGMA proved to be successful in introducing PEG graft chains with reactive hydroxyl end groups onto the surface. Grafted films with different surface grafting density of PEG were prepared. Grafted films with higher PEG content exhibit higher hydrophilicity, smoother topography, and lower fibrinogen adsorption. The hydroxyl end groups built onto the surface offer further possibilities of improving its biocompatibility by immobilizing bioactive molecules. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


There was relatively little overlap in diet among Dipodomys ordii, Onychomys leucogaster, Neotoma micropus, and Spermophilus spilosoma in the shinnery oak-mesquite (Quercus havardii-Prosopis glandulosa) grassland of southeastern New Mexico. D. ordii primarily consumed Triplasis purpurea, P. glandulosa, Euphorbia, and arthropods; 0. leucogaster predominantly consumed arthropods; N. mi- cropus consumed plant fibers, new growth of dicots, Q. havardii, and P. glandulosa; and S. spilosoma primarily consumed arthropods, new growth of dicots, and grasses. Sexual differences in diet were virtually absent for D. ordii and 0. leucogaster, but there was statistically significant variation in diets among seasons, years, and months (P < 0.05). A sample of approximately 60 specimens would be required to obtain a reasonable estimate of the variety of food items consumed by D. ordii and O. leucogaster.


An increase in immunoreactivity is revealed, which is represented by a change in the level of neurotropic autoantibodies to neurotransmitter proteins involved in pathogenesis and formation of aberrant plasticity in patients with HIV infection. The increase in the content of autoantibodies to neurospecific proteins causes the onset, progression and preservation of pathological process depending on the presence of disorders in the nervous system.


The hearing aid performance in 65 hearing impaired children who are now in 4 hard-of-hearing classes in Osaka was measured by JIS standard method and by reference to ASA or New HAIC standard method of the electroacoustical characteristics of hearing aids. The following results were obtained.The deficiency of maximum gain and the poorness of volume control were found in an approximately half of the children. It was noticeable that 5 hearing aids were not well operated or had a bad operating condition.Hearing aid user should take both audiological examination and physical performance test of hearing aid periodically.


. The problem of discriminating in the frequency domain between two groups of Gaussian stationary time series is examined. A test aimed at detecting differences between the windowed spectra of the two groups is used. The effect of windows on the resulting quadratic discriminant function is considered. Two examples taken from seismology and neurology are given.


Since its origin, Information Science has been influenced by two fundamental aspects: The context of the technologies and its interdisciplinary character with the purpose of focusing attention in information hence becoming its study object. In the epistemological development, paradigms map the way to study and practice information reflecting the context in which it develops and likewise influencing the development of this science. Nowadays, the socio-cognitive paradigm happens in a somehow different context: Social networks, where relationships among people, their behaviors and needs acquire another dimension. This research subject is the presence of the socio-cognitive paradigm in the context of the social network Dreamcatchers in Cuba. Ucinet software and statistical analysis of the information collected showed how people influenced each other within the community thus the presence of the socio-cognitive paradigm in the context of the social network Dreamcatchers.


Review(s) of: The cult of the mother of god in Byzantium: Texts and images, by Brubaker, Leslie, and Cunningham, Mary B. (eds), Farnham: Ashgate, 2011) hardback; xxii + 306 pages, RRP 65.00 pounds; ISBN 9780754662662.


Piano music culture is broad and profound. This paper discusses that the piano music is a fusion of various cultures from the four aspects of musical aesthetics, national culture, historical background and inner emotion, and further deepens the understanding and concern of the piano music culture through the analysis of the musical form and cultural thoughts of Chinese and foreign piano works.


Performance appraisals generally occur to provide documentation for current and future personnel decisions such as promotions, salary increases, staff development, and disciplinary reasons. After surveying library literature, it is apparent that most academic library administrations implement some type of performance appraisal, but a disparity exists regarding the process itself, the ultimate goals sought and those actually achieved. This situation emanates from the lack of objectives adhered to in conducting performance appraisals. This article will address the diversity existent in the performance appraisal process and the reasons for these differences.


In this paper, we present an enhancement of breakdown voltage in AlGaN/GaN/AlGaN double-heterojunction high-electron-mobility-transistor devices by introducing a magnesium doping layer in AlGaN buffer layer under the 2DEG channel. The optimized electron confinement and mitigated electric field peak under the drain side of the gate in DH-HEMT along with more evenly distributed electric field due to the presence of a charge balanced magnesium doping layer result in significant breakdown voltage improvement and subthreshold gate and drain leakage currents suppression. The introduced magnesium doping layer acts as a floating field plate. By optimizing the length of this float field plate, the breakdown voltage will increase by 90.5%, which is very important in higher voltage applications. This approach also allows a 33% decrease of the peak electric field under the drain side edge of the gate while the ON-state resistance is negligibly increased.


This whimsical collection of colloquialisms entertains students while providing insight into French-language idioms, customs, and humor. Grouped according to theme - from "Our Animal Friends" to "Speaking About the Body" to "Food for Thought" - the idioms are illustrated with humorous cartoons that provide keys to understanding the literal and real meanings.


This study examines the HIV/AIDS beliefs and experiences of young adults in Gaborone, Botswana using the Health Belief Model. Three focus groups conducted with 21 participants, ages 18–23, found that the abundance of campaigns in Botswana has seemingly led to HIV/AIDS becoming normalized, rendering campaigns ineffective. Traditional beliefs are fading from the younger generations, but risky behaviors continue to spread HIV/AIDS. Further, stigma beliefs impede preventative behaviors and hinder open conversation. Findings imply that future campaigns should incorporate the stories of people living with HIV/AIDS and should trim repetitive prevention messages to reduce desensitization of the risk of HIV/AIDS in Botswana.


This paper proposes a new concept and algorithm to transfer brittle and arbitrary load-slip curves into an effective shear resistance suitable for Eurocode 4. This algorithm is specifi-cally for demountable shear connections of composite beams which do not exhibit ductile behaviour as required in EC4. The algorithm is validated with numerical finite element models which have been calibrated against experimental results. The algorithm extends the scope of the code to cover demountable shear connections: it allows the EC4 (EN 1994-1-1) rules remain applicable for the evaluation of the plastic bending resistance of composite beams with partial shear connection.

http://jtam.pl/pdf-156164-83266?filename=A new concept and.pdf


Individuals who are exposed to an increased risk of experiencing a hemorrhagic insult, such as soldiers and firefighters, are often required to complete intermittent high intensity exercise in the presence of environmental heat stress. In normothermic conditions, increases in heart rate and reductions in vascular resistance can be greater following high intensity interval exercise relative to continuous steady state exercise. These hemodynamic alterations following high intensity interval exercise may reduce the capacity to withstand a hemorrhagic insult. We investigated whether high intensity interval exercise reduces tolerance to a simulated hemorrhagic challenge (lower body negative pressure; LBNP) relative to steady state exercise in heat stressed individuals. Eight healthy participants (Age: 27 ± 5 years; Ht: 179 ± 9 cm; Wt: 78.9 ± 18.7 kg) completed two trials (Steady state and Interval). Participants performed cycling exercise either by alternating between 10 and 88% (Interval) or continuously at 38% (Steady state) of the predetermined maximal aerobic power output whilst wearing a warm water perfused suit until core temperatures increased by 1.40 ± 0.21°C. Participants then underwent progressive LBNP (−20mmHg, −30mmHg, etc.) to pre syncope. LBNP tolerance was quantified as cumulative stress index (CSI; mmHg*min). Following exercise and prior to LBNP, mean skin temperatures were similarly elevated from baseline in both trials (from: 32.35 ± 0.42 to 37.95 ± 0.59°C, P < 0.05). Mean arterial pressure was not different between trials prior to LBNP (Interval: 79 ± 6 vs. Steady state: 77 ± 7 mmHg; P = 0.57) and were similarly reduced in both trials at pre syncope (to 63 ± 6 and 62 ± 6 mmHg respectively, both P < 0.05). CSI was lower in the interval trial relative to the steady state trial (280 ± 204 vs. 518 ± 285 mmHg*min, respectively; P = 0.024). In heat stressed individuals, tolerance to a simulated hemorrhagic challenge was reduced following high intensity interval exercise relative to steady state exercise. These findings have implications for individuals who exercise at intermittent high intensities in hot environments and are at increased risk of experiencing a hemorrhagic injury (e.g. soldiers, firefighters and miners).


Introduction: Bay 61-3606 is a cell-permeable imidazopyrimidine compound that acts as a potent, ATP-competitive, reversible, and highly selective inhibitor of Syk tyrosine kinase activity with no inhibitory effect against Btk, Fyn, Itk, Lyn, and Src. BAY 61-3606 has been also shown to inhibit Syk-mediated cellular functions such as glucose-tyrosine phosphorylation of I κ B α and p65 nuclear translocation. It further exhibits a good oral bioavailability and in vivo efficacy in rat models. Recently, Bay 61-3606 was found to inhibit cell proliferation and SDF-1a-induced migration of MM cells (1). Based on these promising preliminary data we further investigated the potential of Bay 61-3606 as new anti-MM agent. Methods and Results: Bay 61-3606, at concentrations as low as 10 nM, induced significant (p Conclusion: In summary, our results demonstrate that Bay 61-3606 has anti-MM effects by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and this effect is independent of SYK inhibition. Similar to IMiD® compounds, Bay 61-3606 induces IKZF1 and IKZF3 protein degradation in MM cells. More importantly, Bay 61-3606 has effects on both IMiD®-sensitive and resistant myeloma cells and may represent a novel potent anti-MM agent. References: (1). Koerber RM, et al. Exp Hematol Oncol. 2015. Disclosures Lentzsch:BMS: Consultancy; Foundation One: Consultancy; Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria.


Poetry is a special part in Karamzins heritage. Most articles about poetry, its substance, characteristics and selected poets are created by Karamzin during one and a half decades. These articles are out of the researchers' attention. There are almost no works devoted to the topic. Furthermore, the same is related to Karamzins letters about his perceptions of poetry and poets. However, Karamzins works and essays on poetry and poets are significant for understanding of this outstanding author and his aesthetic attitudes, as well as criteria of analysis and valuation of poetry. They also are very much important to estimate Karamzins editorial activity. The goal of the provided article is to eliminate the gap and to systemize and research the material related to Karamzin as literature critic. The first of the articles was published in 1795. The twenty-year-old author surprises by his self-sufficiency and deep thinking despite the young age. Young Karamzins approach is free from any jaundice and one-wayness. A special attention is focused on his historical thinking and full-fledge diversity of the national literatures. Karamzin explains that perfection is both time limited and eternal. It is different in different time and depends on various epochs and style and changing according to exposition of beauty ideas. New poetry cannot and should not copy ancient poetry. Poetry, including its characteristics and place, was in the centre of Karamzins thoughts and developed from article to article. Karamzin summarized the results of his thoughts and provided his requirements to poetry and poets in time when he planned a new edition and started its realization. It is important that Karamzin used the word poetry as part of the terminology related to the more general literature. It is important to see that for him poetry was the centre and the heart of literature, the purest realization of literature essence. Karamzin presents rich content and kinds of the Russian poetry. Russian songs and romances reflect sincere and frank feelings as well as specifics of the Russian national character. The author also mentions folk tales; he names them old knights novels. This article allows confirming that despite critical articles take quite a modest part in Karamzins literature heritage, they provide veridical introduction of the person and highlight his aesthetic system as a special and significant phenomenon. They show how Karamzin as a critic combined evaluation of the poetry of his predecessors and coevals, goodwill and exactingness, breadth and historical approach to literature with ability to estimate them according to the contemporary trends. Lessons of Karamzins critique are a matter of further research, perception and learning.


A beta-voltaic battery design can be used to evaluate the functionality of the GEANT4 code and COMSOL Multiphysics software. The spatial distribution of the deposited energy for the beta particles in the semiconductor transducer has been simulated by using the GEANT4 and then, the electron-hole pair generation rate has been obtained. Subsequently, output performances of the battery such as the current-voltage (I–V) characteristics and the maximum electrical power have been determined by using the COMSOL Multiphysics in which the electron-hole pair generation rate from the GEANT4 simulation was utilized as input. Validation is done by considering an optimized planar betavoltaic battery. The results of the current study have been compared with other articles. The results are in good agreement and the relative errors are less than 8%. Our simulation model can be extended to the betavoltaic batteries with other semiconductors and radioactive isotopes and can provide a powerful tool for predicting the output performance and optimizing the betavoltaic batteries.


Public key certification provides mechanisms that can be used to build truly scaleable security services, such as allowing people who have never met to have assurance of each other's identity. Authentication involves syntactic verification of a certificate chain followed by a semantic look at the policies under which the certificates were issued. This results in a level of assurance that the identity of the person to be authenticated is an accurate description of the person involved, and requires verifiers to specify who they trust and what they trust them to do. Two widely discussed mechanisms for specifying this trust, the PEM and PGP trust models, approach the problem from fundamentally different directions. The EC funded ICE-TEL project, which is deploying a security infrastructure and application set for the European research community, has described a new trust model that attempts to be equally applicable to organisation-centric PEM users and user-centric PGP users.


Modal analysis is an important method for understanding dynamic characteristic of construction.Taking the side board of engine room of a SRV as example,using the square plank hull cell as the main discrete cell,this paper explained the modal analysis process of the component by using the software Hypermesh,and validated its vibration mode was in accord with the design aim.


Subject. This article analyzes the trends in the indicators of the national accounts of contemporary Russia.
Objectives. The article aims to determine the parameters of the changes in the measures of the national accounts of contemporary Russia to ensure the transition from a catching-up development model to an advanced one.
Methods. For the study, we used a systems approach based on the methods of statistical, neural network, and cluster analyses.
Results. The article highlights changes in active borrowing of public administration and households, and non-profit organizations rendering services to households. The study determines the possibilities of fixing the redistribution of income with the help of current transfers in monetary form for final consumption and savings.
Conclusions. The recorded parameters of the changes in the indicators of the national accounts of contemporary Russia will help the Government to expediently and effectively link their elements to ensure the transition to an advanced model of development of the Russian economy. The provisions of the study offer members of the Government modern parameters for the transition of the Russian economy from a catching-up development model to an advanced one.


The inheritance and development of classical gardens in modern French landscape architecture covers various aspects.This paper focused on `axis' which was the most typical design language of classical French gardens and analyzed the characteristics of axis landscape of classical gardens from three aspects,namely concentrated space,integrity design and perspective principles.In addition,it also explored the inheritance and development of `axis' in modern French landscape architecture and figured out that `axis' was only a media no matter it was in the extension of space structure,in the space expansion or the reorganization of concentrated space.This article encouraged a deeper thought on the spiritual inheritance of regional landscape.


We have observed that many neural network models can be written as a bilinear system with a speciic form of nonlinear state-to-input feedback. This framework includes the ART architecture among others. There are two signiicant results which follow from this observation. First, the parameters of the model determine the controllability of the system. A system is controllable if there exists some input which transfers any initial state to any desired nal state in a nite time. If for a given set of these parameters the system is not controllable, then there are regions of the state space which the system can never enter in a nite time for any input. Because of this restriction the learning ability of the system may be severely limited. Second, the multiplicative equation is linear in all of the parameters, and all of the adjustable weights. This means that a provably convergent learning algorithm can be devised for all of these quantities. This does not however circumvent the learning limitation since the learning algorithm is not guaranteed to converge in a nite time. In the paper, we will study these issues as they apply to the ART architecture.


Electrical discharge machining (EDM) is widely used process in the production of mould / dies, aerospace, automobile and electronics industries where intricate complex shapes need to be machined in very hard materials. The selection of the AISI 64430 was made taking into account its wide range of applications in the industrial field: defense, pharmaceutical, aerospace, shipbuilding industries etc. In this paper an attempt has been made to develop the mathematical model for predicting die-sinking electrical discharge machining of AISI 64430 (HE 30) aluminum alloy characteristics such as the metal removal rate (MRR), the tool wear rate (TWR), the surface roughness (Ra value) and the hardness(HRB) using fuzzy mathematical method. The process parameters taken in to consideration were the current (I), the open-circuit voltage (V), the servo (Sv) and the duty cycle (η). A fuzzy rule base characterizing the relationship between input and output parameters was built through experiments. The design of experiments technique has been used to conduct the experiments, which in turn reduced the number of experiments. The prediction of metal removal rate, the tool wear rate, the surface roughness and the hardness was achieved under the condition of given input parameters by rule-based fuzzy reasoning. The predicted results were analyzed through experimental verification. The model predicted values and measured values were fairly close to each other. To have more precise investigation into the model, a regression analysis of experimental and predicted outputs was performed. It was found that the R 2 (R: coefficient of determination) values are 0.9015, 0.9702, 0.9932 and 0.844 for the metal removal rate, the tool wear rate, the surface roughness and the hardness, respectively.


Urban space and symbolically-imbued cultural landscapes are prime backdrops for the establishment of symbolic power structures, including nationalism, hegemony, and consensus. The incorporation of an ideology and its symbols into the built space, be it architecture, urban planning, street names, or monuments, normalizes political strategies, power structures, and dominant worldviews. As I will seek to show in this article, the reforming of the cultural landscape of East Berlin after the fall of the Berlin Wall represented not the much-heralded depoliticization and removal of ideology from space, but rather a deeper embedding of the new dominant power and its attendant physical structures using strategies similar to its predecessor, the German Democratic Republic (GDR). Built landscapes constructed under state socialist rule share inherent physical characteristics—monumental architecture, large plazas, wide thoroughfares, and, in the case of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE), slab building construction. These landscapes were additionally imbued with the symbolism of the state socialist regime in the form of statues, monuments, public art, and street and place names. These physical and symbolic characteristics form the backdrop of residents' daily life and tourists'


Team sports are recognized as dynamic systems of interaction, where individual and collective patterns of behaviour emerge from a conuensi ve tactical behaviour in basketball. For this purpose, a formal game between two teams of Austrian basketball talents was observed, from where 19 o;ensive sequences were selected for analysis. +e results indicate th at the percent- age of area occupied by each team, at each instant, can be considered to describe teams' patterns of spatial organization during a positional attack, allowing to classify and distinguish transition phase and organized phase. +is approach may also help to reduce the time spent in video anal ysis by coaches, giving them more time to prepare training plans and sessions in order to improve the tactical and strategic performance of their teams.


Hence I think that these tastes, odors, colors, etc., on the side of the object in which they seem to exist, are nothing else than mere names, but hold their residence solely in the sensitive body; so that if the animal were removed, every such quality would be abolished and annihilated. Nevertheless, as soon as we have imposed names on them, particular and different from those of the other primary and real accidents, we induce ourselves to believe that they also exist just as truly and really as the latter.2


Objective: To determine the extent of vasculopathy in patients with diabetic foot using Doppler ultrasound scanning. Methodology: This descriptive study was carried out in Surgical Unit III, Civil Hospital, Karachi from January 2004 to December 2005. All patients having diabetic foot complications including abscess formation, cellulitis, ulceration and gangrene were included in the study after taking informed consent. Peripheral pulses like posterior tibial, dorsalis pedis, and popliteal arteries were checked. The presence of vasculopathy was checked with Doppler scanning of dorsalis pedis artery, posterior tibial artery, popliteal artery and veins. The data was collected on a proforma that was specially designed for this study. Results: Out of the total 30 patients included in this study, vasculopathy was detected in 19 (63.33%) patients. The pulse was clinically weak in 10 (33.33%) and absent in 7 (23.33%) patients, while the Doppler scan revealed that in 17 (56.66%) cases the dorsalis pedis artery and in 19 (63.33%) the posterior tibial artery was involved. These findings were asymmetrical i.e. they were mostly found in the affected limb, with a male preponderance. Conclusion: This study shows that the vasculopathy is strong independent risk factor in the development of diabetic foot lesions. The usual symptoms and signs of lower limb ischemia may not be present and indeed may be misleading in diabetic foot disease.


This chapter explores the persistent racialization of professional journalism, explaining the overwhelming whiteness of US news as emanating from cultural practices of professional journalism and institutional forces shaping the journalistic field rather than simply the demographic characteristics of the newsroom workforce. The authors focus on the role of objectivity in defining professional journalism as a supposedly "unraced" space in a way that renders invisible its foundational whiteness. In situating professional journalism as white media, they provide a conceptual framework that distinguishes among white privilege, white nationalism, and white supremacy. These concepts help to analyze the newly resurgent white-nationalist media as a case that highlights the structural limitations of professional journalism and its dissemination to the public. Ultimately, the authors seek to understand the racial dynamics of the journalistic field, highlighting the emergent white racial subjectivity within white-nationalist media as both critique of and an alternative to the objectivity of professional journalism.


A 0.14-scale dynamically scaled model of the space shuttle orbiter vertical tail was tested in a 16-foot transonic dynamic wind tunnel to determine flutter, buffet, and rudder buzz boundaries. Mach numbers between .5 and 1.11 were investigated. Rockwell shuttle model 55-0 was used for this investigation. A description of the test procedure, hardware, and results of this test is presented.


ENGLISH ABSTRACT: For some time now it has been suggested that technology, in its many forms, is to a large extent responsible for enhancing and driving the process of economic development. The question therefore arises as to whether it is possible to establish a correlation between the level oftechnological expertise ofa nation and its economic development. On the strength of the research results contained in this article, there does appear to be a definite correlation between technology and economic development. Having established the validity of this relationship, the question of whether South Africa is positioned to take advantage of such knowledge is investigated . It is found that economic success in South Africa is to a large degree dependent on the ability of the government and other relevant bodies to establish and sustain a comprehensive, coherent and practical program of technologically driven economic development./P> AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Dit word reeds 'n geruime tyd voorgestel dat tegnologie in sy verskeie vorms grootliks verantwoordelik is vir die uitbou en dryfkrag in die ekonomiese ontwikkelingsproses . 'n Vraag wat dus ontstaan is of dit moontlik is om 'n korrelasie te vind tussen die tegnologiese kundigheid van 'n nasie en sy ekonomiese ontwikkeling. Die navorsingsresultate vervat in hierdie artikel toon 'n besliste korrelasie tussen tegnologie en ekonomiese ontwikkeling. Met die bestaan van so 'n verwantskap bevestig is die vraag of Suid-Afrika geposisioneer is om voordeel te trek uit sodanige kennis. Dit word bevind dat die ekonomiese sukses, in SuidAfrika grootliks afhanklik is van die verrnoe van die regering en ander relevante instansies om 'n omvattende, koherente en praktiese program van tegnologies gedrewe ekonomiese ontwikke~ing daar te stel en te onderhou.


The essay recalls the figure and also pedagogical accomplishment of Elzbieta Jaraczewska, the descendant of count Krasinski, a writer popular in Poland in the 19th century, and completely forgotten in contemporary pedagogical studies. The axis of theoretical considerations about the innovative pedagogical concept of Elzbieta Jaraczewska in the field of the education of girls is constituted by the analysis of her novel Zofia i Emilia ( Sophie and Emily ) with regard to a literary treatment which seems to consist in the acceptance of a repartee formula against the most popular pedagogical treatise entitled: Emil czyli o wychowaniu ( Emile, or On Educatio n) by Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Pedagogical discourse, which Jaraczewska evidently enters, depicts an enormous knowledge and erudition of the author, her innovativeness and autonomy in formulating opinions. In the context of a specific dialogue of Jaraczewska with Rousseau and Locke, the creation of a full catalogue of educational and didactic hints in the field of the education of girls, with the idea of self-existence as the chief motto of her pedagogics, deserves to be emphasized. Furthermore, Jaraczewska participates in the pedagogical debate on the Polish grounds. The view of the author of Sophie and Emily on the issue of education and women varies significantly from the concepts that entered the canon of the education history of Adam Czartoryski, Ignacy Krasicki, or Klementyna Hoffmanowa – the descendant of Tanscy, among others.


A new source-target mapping for the design of refractive optical elements generating prescribed 2D intensity distributions is proposed. The calculation of the optical element is reduced to the solution of ordinary explicit differential equations. The simulation results presented demonstrate high performance of the proposed method. While generating uniform rectangular intensity distributions with angular dimensions varying from 80°×1° to 40°×20°, the normalized root-mean-square deviations between the generated and required distributions do not exceed 15 %.


A very simple APL function with the capability of simulating random sample from the widely applied normal distribution, through the very important central limit theorem, is introduced. Documentations and examples are presented.


In order to give a general statistical description of turbulence, one tries to identify universal statistical features, common to a wider class of turbulent flows. In 1988, Kraichnan and Panda discovered one such possibly universal feature, namely, the fact that Navier-Stokes turbulence tends to reduce the strength of the nonlinearity in its governing equations. In the flrst part of the manuscript we consider the strength of the nonlinear term and, more precisely, of its fluctuations in isotropic turbulence. In order to measure this strength, we compare to the case of a flow fleld with the same energy distribution where the modes are statistically independent, as is the case in Gaussian noise. It is shown that the turbulent flow self-organizes towards a state in which the nonlinearity is reduced, and it is discussed what the implications of this reduction are. Also, in two dimensions it is illustrated how this self-organization manifests itself through the appearance of well-deflned vortical flow structures. In the second part of the manuscript, we investigate the dynamics of the Hasegawa- Wakatani model, a model relevant in the study of magnetically conflned fusion plasmas. The two-dimensional version of this model is considered, which includes some key features of the turbulent dynamics of a tokamak-edge. We consider the limit of the model in which the nonlinearity is reduced with respect to the linear forces. For this weakly nonlinear, wave dominated regime, analytical predictions suggest the presence of a feedback loop in which energy is transferred to highly anisotropic zonal flows by nonlocal interactions. We confirm these predictions and we demonstrate a strong suppression of the turbulent radial particle flux. In wall bounded geometry, the same mechanism is observed and here also the flux is eflciently reduced by the turbulence-zonal flow interaction.


We investigate Steel's conjecture in 'The Core Model Iterability Problem', that if $W$ and $R$ are $\Omega+1$-iterable, $1$-small weasels, then $W\leq^{*}R$ iff there is a club $C\subset\Omega$ such that for all $\alpha\in C$, if $\alpha$ is regular, then the cardinal successor of $\alpha$ in $W$ is less or equal than the cardinal successor of $\alpha$ in $R$ . We will show that the conjecture fails, assuming that there is an iterable premouse which models $KP$ and which has a $\Sigma_{1}$-Woodin cardinal. On the other hand, we show that assuming there is no transitive model of $KP$ with a Woodin cardinal the conjecture holds. In the course of this we will also show that if $M$ is an iterable admissible premouse with a largest, regular, uncountable cardinal $\delta$, and $\mathbb{P}$ is a forcing poset with the $\delta$-c.c. in $M$, and $g$ is $M$-generic, but not necessarily $\Sigma_{1}$-generic, $M[g]$ is a model of $KP$. Moreover, if $M$ is such a mouse and $T$ is maximal normal iteration tree on $M$ such that $T$ is non-dropping on its main branch, then $M_{\infty}^{T}$ is again an iterable admissible premouse with a largest regular and uncountable cardinal. At last we answer another open question from 'The Core Model Iterability Problem' regarding the S-hull property.


The dissociation equilibria of aqueous solutions of β-glutamic acid were studied by potentiometric titration and the three pK values determined under standard conditions. The hydrogen β-glutamate anion β-GluH− was found to be the dominating species in the physiologically relevant pH range 4.0–9.4. Neutralization of β-glutamic acid by magnesium oxide affords magnesium bis(hydrogen β-glutamate) Mg (β-GluH)2, which crystallizes as the hexahydrate from dilute aqueous solution. A single-crystal X-ray study showed that the β-GluH− anions are not part of the coordination sphere of the magnesium ion. Instead hexahydrated dications [Mg(H2O)6]2+ are intimately associated with free β-GluH− anions through a three-dimensional network of H-bonds. This study provides the first structural and conformational reference data for the β-GluH− anion.


IN THE autumn of 1931 Governor Pinchot called the legislature of Pennsylvania in special session, naming in his message a number of subjects with which he thought the legislature should deal. Among these was unemployment relief. The governor had worked out a definite program, which he recommended to the legislature, but that body rejected his plan and enacted a law containing a different provision appropriating $io,ooo,ooo to the Department of Welfare, and assigning the distribution of the fund to the local poor law authorities. There had been much discussion of the constitutional limitations under which such appropriations might be made, and a friendly suit was instituted to put at rest all doubts concerning the powers of the state and local authorities in relation to the act. The court decision resulted in the statute being upheld, in accordance with reasoning set out in the following


The Waikato Institute of Technology (Wintec) is a Tertiary Education Institution that is domiciled and operates in New Zealand. As a public benefit entity (PBE), Wintec prepares its financial statements in compliance with the suite of PBE accounting standards. The service performance reporting standard, issued in November 2017, potentially may affect the reporting process of Wintec. This research aims to determine the impact that the newly issued standard PBE FRS 48 - Service Performance Reporting will have on the annual report of Wintec. A structured interview with a member of Wintec's finance team was chosen as a primary method. Alongside the interview, a comparative analysis of Wintec's statement of service performance and the requirements of the newly issued standard was conducted.
The study found weaknesses of the shop through learning the present inventory management system of the shop, and suggestions has been completed to progress the technique. The suggestions were completed through the previous studies and from the interviews.


Mining of association rules is an important research topic in web usage mining Currently, web log association rules mining algorithms neglect an important problem of whether users are interested in the rules or not web log association rules mining algorithms are studied Combined with web topology structure, a web topology probability model and an interesting association rules (IAR) algorithm are presented Using web topology probability model to evaluate association rules' interest, IAR gains high interest rules, which can be used to improve network performance The experiment shows how IAR enhances rules'utilization and effectively improves web topology It can be successfully applied to web usage mining


The ecological environment of the earth has changed with the development of economy. These changes also have an impact on human's life. We can know that the average annual temperature in the Dianchi Lake Basin has shown an upward trend in the past 20 years through the analysis of temperature changes in the Dianchi Lake Basin. In the four seasons, there are various degrees of sudden changes, especially in autumn, the temperature rising trend is the most significant, and there is a downward trend in winter but the downward trend is not obvious. From the analysis of monthly average temperature data, it can be seen that the temperature is rising except for April and August, and the rising trend is also obvious in October, November and December.


The invention discloses a formula of a film panel. The film panel comprises the following components: acrylic resin, a surfactant, a solvent, bi-azide quinine, strong base and an etching control agent, wherein the solvent comprises ethyl 3-ethoxypropionate and trimethyl pentanediol isobutyrate; ethyl 3-ethoxypropionate takes up 20-30% of the total amount of the solvent; trimethyl pentanediol isobutyrate takes up 70-80% of the total amount of the solvent. The formula of the film panel, which is provided by the invention, has the beneficial effects that in the using process of the film panel prepared by the components, the heat resistance and the solvent resistance of photosensitive resin patterns for curing the film panel are improved; the film panel is stable in performance, and is scientific and reasonable in matching.


The volcanic eruptions represent one the most important sources of natural pollution. The volcanic clouds detection and retrievals is important because of their effects on the environment, climate, public health and to aviation. In particular it is well known that the volcanic ash clouds represent a severe threat for aviation safety in particularly because it can cause the failure of the turbine engines. Today the volcanic activity is monitored worldwide by using satellite and ground-based instruments. To date, doesn't exist a single system able to give a comprehensive description of a particular phenomenon, then a multi-sensor approach is needed.


NanoBRET target engagement (TE) is the first biophysical technique that broadly enables the quantitative determination of protein inhibitor occupancy in live cells, without disruption of cellular membrane integrity. This quantitative capability is achieved in live cells via BRET with an optimized set of cell-permeable tracers, allowing the measurement of compound binding to a selected cellular target protein. Our NanoBret assay is scaled to 384-well plate format and Z' analysis demonstrated the assay to be High Throughput Screening compatible. Protein kinases, RAS, and epigenetic proteins are very important drug targets. NanoBRET TE cellular assay has enabled the development of live-cell quantitative compound binding assays for >360 individual wild type and mutant protein kinases including serine/threonine-specific kinases, receptor tyrosine kinases, and all 20 cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). RAS is a well-known oncogene that is frequently mutated in most lung, pancreatic and colorectal cancers and is associated with poor disease prognosis. The recent discovery of a unique switch II binding pocket and successful inhibition of the KRAS (G12C) mutant by covalent inhibitors have led to the resurgence of interest in the design of inhibitors targeting RAS directly. Our data demonstrate that NanoBRET TE cellular assay can measure the apparent affinity of RAS inhibitors by competitive displacement of a NanoBRET RAS switch I/II pocket tracer, reversibly bound to the LgBiT- and SmBiT- KRAS, KRAS (G12C), KRAS (G12D), KRAS (G12V), KRAS (G13D), KRAS (Q61H), KRAS (Q61L), KRAS (Q61R), KRAS-G12A, KRAS-G12S, HRAS, HRAS-G12C, and HRAS-G12V fusion constructs co-transfected in live HEK293 cells. Our data also show NanoBRET cellular assay can be used to measure compound binding affinity to epigenetic drug target proteins such as BRD4, BRD4-BD1, BRD4-BD2, HDAC6, HDAC1, HDAC2, and HDAC3. Taken together, our results suggest NanoBRET TE cellular assay can serve as a great tool to facilitate new drug discovery against human cancers.
 Citation Format: Jianghong Wu, Yuan Wang, Shawn McGinley, Peter Gallagher, Li Liang, Alisha Di Lanni, Ashley Miles, Mohammad Haque, Yong Wan, Haiching Ma. Application of NanoBRET target engagement cellular assay for development of inhibitors against protein kinases, RAS, and epigenetic proteins in cancer therapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 2764.


We study the problem of finding a spanning forest in an undirected, $n$-vertex multi-graph under two basic query models. One is the Linear query model which are linear measurements on the incidence vector induced by the edges; the other is the weaker OR query model which only reveals whether a given subset of plausible edges is empty or not. At the heart of our study lies a fundamental problem which we call the {\em single element recovery} problem: given a non-negative real vector $x$ in $N$ dimension, return a single element $x_j > 0$ from the support. Queries can be made in rounds, and our goals is to understand the trade-offs between the query complexity and the rounds of adaptivity needed to solve these problems, for both deterministic and randomized algorithms. These questions have connections and ramifications to multiple areas such as sketching, streaming, graph reconstruction, and compressed sensing. Our main results are:
* For the single element recovery problem, it is easy to obtain a deterministic, $r$-round algorithm which makes $(N^{1/r}-1)$-queries per-round. We prove that this is tight: any $r$-round deterministic algorithm must make $\geq (N^{1/r} - 1)$ linear queries in some round. In contrast, a $1$-round $O(\log^2 N)$-query randomized algorithm which succeeds 99% of the time is known to exist.
* We design a deterministic $O(r)$-round, $\tilde{O}(n^{1+1/r})$-OR query algorithm for graph connectivity. We complement this with an $\tilde{\Omega}(n^{1 + 1/r})$-lower bound for any $r$-round deterministic algorithm in the OR-model.
* We design a randomized, $2$-round algorithm for the graph connectivity problem which makes $\tilde{O}(n)$-OR queries. In contrast, we prove that any $1$-round algorithm (possibly randomized) requires $\tilde{\Omega}(n^2)$-OR queries.


The references on processes of creation, capture and management of documents in the General Law of Archives (LGA) of Mexico are analysed through a quantitative methodology of content analysis, which allows assessing, both in absolute and weighted form, the presence of six large process categories in the LGA: appraisal and disposition; conservation and preservation; organization and description; access and transparency; diffusion; and, finally, production and traceability of documents; as well as the approach under which each of the categories (activities, agents or elements) is treated. Through the methodology indicated, 347 references have been identified on the indicated categories, with a global weighted value of 301 points, most of which correspond to the categories of appraisal and disposition (29.40%); conservation and preservation (26.58%); organization and description (18.44%); and access and transparency (15.94%); while the remaining two categories have values below LOS PROCESOS DE GESTIÓN DE DOCUMENTOS EN LA LEY GENERAL DE ARCHIVOS... 181 DO I: ht tp :/ /d x. do i.o rg /1 0. 22 20 1/ iib i.2 44 88 32 1x e. 20 20 .8 5. 58 23 2 6%. The analysis of the results allows us to conclude that in the LGA traditional archival processes are combined with more innovative processes, such as traceability, interoperability, information security or metadata management.


Introduction It has long been known that the nervous system accumulates very high concentrations of highly unsaturated phospholipids including species containing docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6,n 3 ; DHA) and, to a lesser extent, arachidonate (C20:4,n-6; AA) [1,2]. DHA is found primarily in the brain on the sn-2 position of the aminophospholipids phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylserine (PS) [3,4] in neural membranes with little in myelin [Z]. However, the retina is rich in phospholipid species with both fatty acids containing 4-6 double bonds and di-DHA species occurring in significant amounts [S]. DHA is tenaciously retained once accumulated and can survive a prolonged fat-free diet, and the levels may actually increase when expressed as a percentage of the total phospholipid during starvation or sperm ejaculation, situations where other lipid is metabolized, presumably for energy [6]. Many studies have shown that the period of early development is a time when the nervous system must be provided with adequate sources of dietary n -3 fatty acids in order that 'normal'


Numerous studies have demonstrated racial and ethnic disparities in U.S. health care. These disparities have been demonstrated in the VA healthcare system, where financial barriers to receiving care are minimized. The VA is committed to delivering high-quality care in an equitable manner, and, thus to eliminating racial and ethnic disparities in health care. To inform this effort, the existing evidence on disparities within VA was systematically reviewed to:


ILO pub-WEP pub. Working paper on demographic behaviour in Kenya, with particular reference to the effect on fertility of (1) rural migration, (2) women's age at marriage, (3) children mortality, and (4) educational level - constitutes part of a WEP research project on population and employment. References and statistical tables.


The present invention relates to a cell balancing control system of a battery pack using an EQ cell and a control method thereof, and an object thereof is to charge a part of a current flowing to a battery cell having a highest voltage value by using a separate EQ cell. In order to minimize energy waste by repeatedly discharging the current charged in the EQ cell to the battery cell having the lowest voltage value. According to the present invention for this purpose; A first charging FET and a second charging FET are connected in parallel to a plurality of battery cells connected in series to form a battery pack, and a drain of the first charging FET is connected to a positive terminal of the plurality of battery cells. a FET unit connected to a drain and a source of the second charging FET so that either one is turned on according to charging or discharging of the battery pack; An EQ cell disposed between the FET unit and a charger to charge a portion of the current flowing to the FET unit side or to discharge a charged current to the FET unit side; The voltage value of the plurality of battery cells is measured, and the deviation voltage between the plurality of battery cells is determined based on the measured voltage value, and the control result is controlled by the FET unit and the EQ cell. And a balance controller for repeatedly performing cell balancing.


In this contribution, luminescence experiments at CuBr quantum dots grown in a wide range of sizes in the weak confinement regime (R≥a B ) will be presentod. In intensity-dependent luminescence measurements with ns-pulses, for each dot size two peaks can be resolved and are attributed to exciton and biexciton transitions, respectively. From time-resolved luminescence after ps-excitation, we obtain additional insight into the dynamics of biexciton formation and decay. We observe a delayed onset and a faster decay of the biexciton luminescence compared to the exciton luminescence. The experimental values for the energetic difference of the exciton and the biexciton peak agree very well with recent numerical calculations for the biexciton binding energy, predicting an increase for decreasing dot sizes. An exception are very small dots where e.g. due to interface-related states these calculations can no longer be applied


This paper has been written for the House of Commons Second Reading debate on the Children and Families Bill [Bill 131] on 25 February 2013. The Bill seeks to reform legislation relating to adoption and children in care; aspects of the family justice system; children and young people with special educational needs; the Office of the Children's Commissioner for England; statutory rights to leave and pay for parents and adopters; time off work for ante-natal care; and the right to request flexible working.


Based on varying-head,the column leaching experiment was carried out to study the permeability of tailings seepage system in the electric field,the effect of electric field on improving permeability was examined and the relationship between voltage and permeability coefficient was analyzed.The mechanism of electric field influence the permeability was acquired through the infiltration experiment at the pulse voltage.The results show that the electric double layer is changed,the seepage channel is improved in the electric field,and the permeability is improved;the ion migration and seepage are accelerated with the effect of electric field,the higher voltage,the better permeability;the gas produced during electro-osmosis process has negative effect on improving permeability;the effect of electro-osmosis consolidation influences the internal structure,and the system has a better permeability after power turn-off compared to those which have not received the effect of electric field.


Seventeen children with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) and MRI evidence of brainstem tumor are reported from the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA.


Training a deep reinforcement learning-based dialogue policy with brute-force random sampling is costly. A new training paradigm was proposed to improve learning performance and efficiency by combining curriculum learning. However, attempts in the field of dialogue policy are very limited due to the lack of reliable evaluation of difficulty scores of dialogue tasks and the high sensitivity to the mode of progression through dialogue tasks. In this paper, we present a novel versatile adaptive curriculum learning (VACL) framework, which presents a substantial step toward applying automatic curriculum learning on dialogue policy tasks. It supports evaluating the difficulty of dialogue tasks only using the learning experiences of dialogue policy and skip-level selection according to their learning needs to maximize the learning efficiency. Moreover, an attractive feature of VACL is the construction of a generic, elastic global curriculum while training a good dialogue policy that could guide different dialogue policy learning without extra effort on re-training. The superiority and versatility of VACL are validated on three public dialogue datasets.


A new method is proposed for detecting small targets in forward looking infrared (FLIR) imagery. Firstly, the morphological reconstruction operator is improved to remove the undesirable clutter in the background. Secondly, the image is decomposed by morphological Haar wavelet transform, and the wavelet energy image computed using the horizontal and vertical detail images is fused with the scaled image to extract candidate targets coarse-to-fine. Finally, the kernel-based tracking algorithm is adopted to eliminate the false targets which can not be tracked successfully. Experiments performed on the AMCOM FLIR data set verify the validity of the algorithm.


An MOS masterslice chip with up to 920 gates, 3W dissipation and 3ns/gate propagation delay time for random logic LSIs will be reported.


In this report, the evolution of structural as well as magnetic state of 900 °C annealed TiO2 films under argon (Ar) environment have been examined before and after irradiating with the Ar2+ ions of energy 500 keV. The pristine film stabilized with Magneli phase (Ti4O7), the film retains its crystallinity but phase get transformed to anatase TiO2, irradiating with the lowest fluence, 1 × 1014 ions/cm2. After rising up to 5 × 1016 ions/cm2 ion fluence, film again stabilize with the Magneli phase (Ti4O7). In the previous report, we have demonstrated an unusual phase change from anatase TiO2 to brookite, where films are annealed in O2 atmosphere. In contrast to that here we have obtained TiO2 from Ti4O7 at lowest fluence but at highest fluence again Ti4O7 is obtained. The energy deposited by the ion beam passed to the lattice and collision cascades are formed which brings atomic displacement in the lattice, results the structural transformation. Surface topography is not affected much after the irradiation as observed from atomic force microscopy (AFM). Interesting, ferromagnetic behavior at room temperature stems in all the films as a consequence of the controlled introduction of anionic defects (oxygen vacancies).


A TEST PIECE FOR MIXING LIQUIDS AND TO UNDERGO EXAMINATION OPTIC, WITH A SMALL CAPACITY AND TALL FILLING IN AREA MEASURING IN A CROSS SHAPE CURVED, RIGHT ANGLES TO THE MEDIAN AXIS OF CYLINDER IN TRANSITION FROM pORTIONS OF WALL NARROW 14, 15 TO ENTER RADIATION AND SIDE WALLS 7, 8; THE SIDE WALLS 7, 8 HAVE IN THE AREA OF MEASUREMENT bulging SHAPED ARC 22, 23, WHICH OVER TRANSITIONS CURVED, VA FAR ENOUGH TO INSIDE FOR THAT IN CROSS, THE TANGENT MEDIAN CUT PORTIONS WALL 14, 15 rESPECTIVELY ON THE EDGE OF THEIR AREAS AND pARALLEL PLANES SIDES IS TO SAY VA FAR ENOUGH TO INSIDE FOR THAT IN THE EVENT ALSO A LIGHT MEASUREMENT diamond shape, bulging S 'tangentially necked APPROACH OF MEASURING LIGHT. IN THIS CASE, AT LEAST ONE SIDE WALL 7, 8 MAY BE MADE IN THE FORM OF LENS CONVERGENT.


We demonstrate the manipulation of the translational motion of a polar molecule in its J = 0 rotational ground state by the microwave (MW) dipole force combined with a counter-rotating nozzle. A cold molecular beam of CH3CN seeded in Kr with a longitudinal velocity of about 100 m s−1 was created by a pulsed counter-rotating nozzle. The cold beam was then introduced into a cylindrical MW cavity, in which a standing wave, TM01p mode MW field, nearly resonant to the |J, K〉 = |1, 0〉 ← |0, 0〉 rotational transition of CH3CN was created. By choosing an appropriate MW frequency, we successfully observed focusing and deflection of the cold beam of CH3CN due to the lens effect of the MW standing wave. The present result indicates that the combination of a counter-rotating nozzle and an MW cavity will be a versatile method for making cold and ultracold ensembles of various polar molecules in their rotational ground state.


The modified differential transform method (MDTM), Laplace transform and Pade approximants are used to investigate a semi-analytic form of solutions of nonlinear oscillators in a large time domain. Forced Duffing and forced van der Pol oscillators under damping effect are studied to investigate semi-analytic forms of solutions. Moreover, solutions of the suggested nonlinear oscillators are obtained using the fourth-order Runge-Kutta numerical solution method. A comparison of the result by the numerical Runge-Kutta fourth-order accuracy method is compared with the result by the MDTM and plotted in a long time domain.


For production of particulate matters affect more aspects. One of the biggest affect is combustion air volume and iťs deviding on primary and secondary part. In this article is described experimental device, on which was investigated affect of combustion air volume on production particulate matters, measuring method, measured and analysed achieved results.


At least 100,000 residents and workers have died (data are not disaggregated for workers versus residents) at nursing homes and long-term care facilities (The New York Times, 2020) With regard to the gig or contract workforce, Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) investigations show some employers use temps to avoid meeting safety obligations Without these guideposts, newly remote workers have to create new strategies for maintaining boundaries [ ]blurring may be intensified for those who are also sharing their "place of work" with nonwork role members (i e , partners, children) rather than with coworkers, requiring additional negotiation and strategic management Loneliness is associated with a myriad of health concerns (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2020b), and teleworking can result in professional isolation consequences such as reduced wage growth, interpersonal networking, informal learning, and mentoring (e g , Golden & Eddleston, 2020) [ ]a study of over 500 remote workers found that these employees often reported feeling mistreated and ostracized, with little ability to handle workplace politics and resolve conflicts in a


Purpose
This paper aims to explore how different levels of involvement in the prevacation phase affect vacationers' subsequent satisfaction, word of mouth (WOM) recommendations and loyal behavior with regard to the planning/booking process.

Design/methodology/approach
Data from a field study (N = 5,158) in a travel planning context are used to investigate the differences in WOM recommendations and loyalty between self-packagers (higher involvement) and package buyers (lower involvement).

Findings
Tourists who are less involved in the prevacation phase are more likely to recommend the planning/booking process, while more involved tourists are more likely to repeat the same planning/booking process than package buyers.

Practical implications
The findings have implications for tourist agencies, tour operators, tourism suppliers and tourism marketers in terms of customer retention and WOM communication. These findings also have theoretical implications for the WOM and loyalty literature.

Originality/value
This paper reveals how involvement in travel planning may affect satisfaction, WOM recommendation and loyalty behavior. These relationships have not been investigated before.


Objective: To explore the diagnosis value of intraspinal neurilemmoma with low field MRI.Methods: MRI findings of 13 patients with intraspinal neurilemmoma confirmed by pathological examination were analyzed retrospectively.Results: Thirteen tumors were intradural-extramedullary in location,among which 1 occurred in the cervical regions,1 in the cervical-thoracic junction,6 in the thoracic regions and 5 in the lumbar regions.MRI showed clear shape and signal characteristics of the intraspinal neurilemmoma.Most cases showed slightly low signal intensity on T1WI and high signal intensity on T2WI.After enhancement,the obvious enhancement and the margin of the tumor,spinal cord and dural sac became clearer.Conclusion: Low field MRI is of great value in determining the position and nature of intraspinal neurilemmoma.


Prologue: No Silk-Blouse Social Worker The Lady Bountiful and the Country Squire: Lessons in Life, Love and Woodcarving Raising Rebel Daughters: Lessons for Lives of Social Action Educating Eglantyne: The Young Lady of Lady Margaret Hall Ribbons and Trumpets: Toils and Troubles at Teacher Training College 'Hewing out my Future in Defiance to my Friends:' The Life and Times of a Gentlewoman School Mistress Matchmaking Matrons and the Misread Maidens of the Cambridge Charity Organization Society Honour thy Mother: Duty vs 'Free Unsheltered Life Fraught with Pitfalls and Danger' The Sisters and Social Action 'A Perfect Jungle of Intrigues, Suspicion and Hypocrisies:' The Early Save the Children Fund in Time of Crisis 'Internationalization' of Charity in Peacetime: Declaring the Rights of the Child


Copy number variation (CNV) are DNA segments of 1 kilobase or larger, showing structural variations, such as deletions, insertions or duplications. It constitutes a significant fraction of genetic variation that directly interacts or modulates gene expression. MicroRNA is a class of small RNA of about 20 nucleotides that regulates post-transcriptional gene expression. The aim of this Thesis was to analyze the expression of microRNA regarding the number of copies of their respective genes in humans, the CNV-miRNA regions. Eleven regions of probable polymorphisms in addition to two invariable control regions were selected and evaluated by quantitative PCR molecular screening in a sample of 103 individuals of the Brazilian population. Then, a second sample of 30 subjects had DNA and RNA collected from blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), oral epithelium and total RNA from plasma, quantified the expression of those microRNAs and compared with the number of copies, aiming to elucidate the relative response to gene dosage. From the regions that showed polymorphism (CNV-miR-570, -miR-499, -miR-126, miR-150, -miR338, -miR-1275) only one was unable to have the microRNA quantified (miR-499) for failing to provide amplification in tissues and plasma. The microRNA miR-570 and miR-338 had an increased relative expression according to the respective number of copies for PBMC fraction (and plasma only for miR-570), though not statistically significant. In a population simulation by Monte Carlo method (n = 1,000), a significant difference was identified to miR-570, with progressive rate of relative change between the categories of number of copies. The hypothesis that the copy number variation of a region containing miRNA genes can affect the regulation of gene expression opens a new perspective for research regarding phenotypic variability. Key-words: CNV, population polymorphism, microRNA, gene dosage, CNV-miRNA


The active mobility of sand particles during the production phase has put extra burden on the efficiency of hydrocarbon extraction for both oil and gas. It plays a significant role on completion design during the drilling phase. Minimizing the effect of sanding has been a major topic to tackle due to the added operational costs and time associated. Unconsolidated sand reservoirs are vastly affected worldwide due to the nature of sand particles accompanying hydrocarbon during the production phase. Sand production poses potential risks for surface and subsurface equipment within the completion design. The objective of this paper is to estimate and quantify the potentials of sand production and wellbore instability using 1-D Mechanical Earth Model (MEM). A clear workflow of the utility of raw petrophysical and 1-D geomechanics modelling data is showcased to aid production and completion operational personnel.
 Excessive stress concentrated around the wall of a borehole can cause the release of sand particles into the hydrocarbon stream. This process poses risks for drilling and completion operations as it affects the productivity of a well along with potential equipment damage. Unconsolidated sand reservoirs are prone to rock failure which induces the mobility of sand particles. Stress orientation regimes are properly captured by assessing the orientation of current petrophysical data. Acoustic data is also reviewed for proper in-situ rock strength property calculation. Formation pressure testing is vital to the process to estimate pore pressure gradients. Once MEM is finalized, Critical Drawdown Pressure (CDDP) is analytically calculated using the linear elastic methodology to predict sand production.
 The use of 1-D MEM sand management analysis to predict critical drawdown pressure is vital to avoid equipment damage and production limitations associated with sand production in a weakly consolidated reservoir. A workflow to produce an in-depth critical drawdown pressure analysis captures the changes that might occur for a perforation completion over time as it undergoes depletion. A representation of sand potential prediction and critical bottom-hole flowing pressure as a function of reservoir pressure is to be illustrated in a single depth format which allows for sensitivity analysis.
 This paper examines the direct impact of the analytical estimation of critical drawdown pressure as a guide to predict the potentials of sand production intervals within a certain reservoir. The mechanical properties, petrophysical raw data, and depletion status are the ingredients to produce a thorough analysis to guide drilling, production, and completion personnel to minimize sand production effects operationally. Further improvement to the model can be made by the integration of production data and reservoir properties that are captured over time.


Glass lubricated small pipe extrusion tests of P91 steel were operated,and extrusion forces were observed under different speeds and temperatures.Compared with the tests,systemic FEM simulation analysis was operated in DEFORM 2D.According to the extrusion force in the stable extrusion process,the friction factor was obtained.And according to the later change of the force curves,the heat transfer coefficient was obtained.In conclusion,the coulomb friction factor μ is between 0.02 to 0.03 and the heat transfer coefficient q is under 1.0×103J/(m2·s·℃) on the glass lubricated boundary,which can be applied to the glass lubricated steel pipe extrusion properly and precisely.


This article summarized the preservation principle of edible coating,the kinds and properties of the main film-forming materials,and the application research progress of edible coating preservation technology in fruits and vegetables,meat,eggs,shrimp,edible fungi and other different types of food storage,put forward the main problems at present,and looked forward the development direction of the future research and application.


Reconstruction for thermoacoustic tomography in an arbitrary detection geometry is proposed by time-reversing the measured field back to the time when the thermoacoustic sources are excited. Time reversal of the field can be implemented efficiently by applying the delay-and-sum algorithm. The theoretical conclusions are supported by a numerical simulation of three-dimensional thermoacoustic tomography.


The sterile insect technique (SIT) is based on population and behavioral ecology and is widely used to suppress or eradicate target pest insect populations. The effectiveness of SIT depends on the ability of the released sterile males to mate with and inseminate wild females. The use of gamma‐radiation to induce sterility is, however, associated with negative impacts not only on reproductive cells but also on somatic cells. Consequently, irradiation for sterilization diminishes mating performance over time. In this study, we evaluated the balance between the irradiation dose and both fertility and mating propensity in Euscepes postfasciatus (Fairmaire) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) for 22 days following irradiation. The mating propensity of males irradiated with a 150‐Gy dose, as currently used to induce complete sterility of E. postfasciatus in the SIT program in Okinawa Prefecture, was equal to that of non‐irradiated weevils for up to 6 days, and the mating propensity of males irradiated with a dose of 125 Gy was equal to that of non‐irradiated weevils for twice this period (12 days). The fertilization ability of weevils irradiated with a dose of 125 Gy was reduced by 4.6% in males and 0.6% in females, compared to the potential fertilization ability. We also discuss the possibility of the application of partially sterilized insects in eradication programs.


ABSTRACT This paper reports plant poisonings in ruminants and horses, diagnosed between 2000 and 2007, in the Veterinary Pathology Laboratory at the Federal University of Campina Grande, in the city of Patos, state of Paraiba. In cattle, 7.4% of the diseases diagnosed were caused by poisonous plants. Outbreaks were caused by Centhraterum brachylepis (1), Brachiaria spp. (1), Crotalaria retusa (2), Ipomoea batatas (1), Marsdenia sp. (1), grass containing nitrites (3 outbreaks, 1 by Echinochloa polystachya and 2 by Pennisetum purpureum), Palicourea aeneofusca (1), Prosopis juliflora (3), Nerium oleander (1), and Mimosa tenuiflora (7). In sheep, 13% of the diseases diagnosed were caused by toxic plants. Four outbreaks were caused by Ipomoea asarifolia, 3 by Brachiaria spp., 2 by Crotalaria retusa, 2 by Tephrosia cinerea, 1 by Panicum dichotomiflorum, 1 by Mascagnia rigida, and 20 by Mimosa tenuiflora. In goats, 6.4% of the diseases were caused by toxic plants. Seven outbreaks were caused by Mimosa tenuiflora, 1 by Ipomoea asarifolia, 1 by Ipomoea carnea, 1 by Ipomoea riedelli, 3 by Prosopis juliflora, 1 by Arrabidaea corallina, 2 by Aspidosperma pyrifolium, and 2 by Turbina cordata. In horses, 14% of the diagnosed diseases were due to plants poisonings including 12 outbreaks caused by Crotalaria retusa and one by Turbina cordata. Annual losses in the state of Paraiba by deaths of livestock are estimated in 3,895 cattle, 8,374 sheep, 6,390 goats, and 366 horses, which represent about US$ 1,380,000. Epidemiologic, clinical and pathologic aspects of poisonings by Crotalaria retusa in cattle, Brachiaria spp. in sheep, Prosopis juliflora in cattle and goats, Nerium oleander in cattle, Opuntia ficus-indica in goats, and Turbina cordata in horses and goats are reported.


Excerpt In 1977, Rizzetto and associates (1) reported an intriguing finding seen while staining liver biopsy specimens from patients whose sera were positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)...


A compact monopole-slot antenna with polarization diversity is proposed for wireless local area network (WLAN) applications. Dual polarization is provided by a ground-folded monopole and a slot cut from the folded ground. The total volume of the proposed antenna is only 50 × 16 × 16 mm3 (0.4 λ0 × 0.128 λ0 ×0.128 λ0). However, low mutual coupling is achieved due to the orthogonal modes of current distribution on the ground. A prototype of the proposed antenna is built and tested. The obtained results include the S parameters, radiation patterns and radiation gain. The results from our presentation match with the simulation and demonstrate an isolation better than -36 dB in the required band.


Owing to systematic mutilation, sculpture in the round is poorly represented. The obelisk of Manishtusu (son of Sargon), a block of diorite entirely covered with inscriptions, is both an invaluable historical document and an artistic achievement heralding, half a millennium ahead, the Code of Hammurabi.


If one attempts to find the transmission of sound through an arbitrary scattering layer by the use of standard integral equation techniques, an unexpected difficulty with the Born approximation is encountered. The first Born approximation, i.e., the unperturbed plane wave, gives a transmission coefficient greater than unity for all scattering layers. This is clearly incorrect. In this paper, a technique is presented for resolving these difficulties. It is shown that a scattering layer, whose index of refraction varies as a function of the coordinates in a complicated fashion, can be approximated by a series of layers with constant index of refraction provided that one considers only wavelength large in comparison to the extent of each layer. These approximation give the needed correlation to the first Born approximation. This second Born approximation is found to give correct answers for the transmission of sound. Some calculated result for typical scattering layers that might be encountered in the ocean are presented. The results are compared with exact answers obtained by partial‐wave methods.


FIELD: radio control by a control unit selected from a great number of control units in the detonator system, with the aid of an operating device selected from a great number of operating devices. SUBSTANCE: the selected control unit is connected to a set detonators and their functioning is controlled. An interrelation between the selected operating device and the selected control unit is provided, a specialized communication log is specified for realizing the radio communication between the selected operating device and the selected control unit making it possible to realize communication only between the selected operating device and the selected control unit. The control data are transmitted in accordance with the mentioned log of communication from the operating device to the control unit. The control units is connected to a great number of detonator that are controlled by the control unit via an electric wire or with the aid of a fuze. In the stage when these devices exchange the data on the addresses and/or the coding data interrelation of the operating device with the respective control unit is produced. At any moment only one operating device can be interrelated with the preliminarily determined control unit. EFFECT: provided reliable radio control with the aid of the control unit. 32 cl, 4 dwg


Objective To evaluate the effects of total glucosides of paeony(TGP) on cell proliferation of human HaCaT keratinocytes and the expression of ICAM-1, and explore the signaling pathways which may be involved in the process. Methods HaCaT cells were stimulated by 500 U/mL IFN-γ, then incubated with TGP of various concentrations(0.5 to 312.5 μg/ml). MTT assay was performed to detect the cell proliferation of HaCaT cells. The expression of ICAM-1 in HaCaT cells was evaluated by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) and fluorescent immunohistochemical technology. Results The proliferation of HaCaT cells was promoted by TGP of low concentrations(0.5 to 25.0 μg/ml), but inhibited by TGP of high concentration(62.5 to 125.0 μg/ml). TGP of low concentrations(0.5 to 25.0 μg/mL) significantly reduced the expression of ICAM-1. Conclusion TGP significantly inhibited the upregulated ICAM-1 secretion of HaCaT cells which induced by IFN-γ, that may be one of the anti-inflammatory mechanism of TGP.


Work reported by Saudinos et al. (see ibid., vol.20, p.890, 1975), on the nuclear scattering of 500-1000 MeV protons has been continued. Three-dimensional information on the density distribution within carbon, CH and H2O phantoms is obtained with a volume resolution of 2 mm3. The separation of scattering on hydrogen from that on heavier nuclei, such as carbon and oxygen, is demonstrated, providing the statistics are sufficient. Some preliminary measurements on animals are reported, but with a volume resolution limited by statistics to 43 mm3.


In this study, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and optical data are both considered for Earth surface classification. Specifically, the integration of Sentinel-1 (S-1) and Sentinel-2 (S-2) data is carried out through supervised Machine Learning (ML) algorithms implemented on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform for the classification of a particular region of interest. Achieved results demonstrate how in this case radar and optical remote detection provide complementary information, benefiting surface cover classification and generally leading to increased mapping accuracy. In addition, this paper works in the direction of proving the emerging role of GEE as an effective cloud-based tool for handling large amounts of satellite data.


Edge detection is a crucial method for the location and quantity estimation of oil slick when oil spills on the sea. In this paper, we present a robust active contour edge detection algorithm for oil spill remote sensing images. In the proposed algorithm, we define a local Gaussian data fitting energy term with spatially varying means and variances, and this data fitting energy term is introduced into a global minimization active contour (GMAC) framework. The energy function minimization is achieved fast by a dual formulation of the weighted total variation norm. The proposed algorithm avoids the existence of local minima, does not require the definition of initial contour, and is robust to weak boundaries, high noise and severe intensity inhomogeneity exiting in oil slick remote sensing images. Furthermore, the edge detection of oil slick and the correction of intensity inhomogeneity are simultaneously achieved via the proposed algorithm. The experiment results have shown that a superior performance of proposed algorithm over state-of-the-art edge detection algorithms. In addition, the proposed algorithm can also deal with the special images with the object and background of the same intensity means but different variances.


In the present invention, a method is described for agglomerated of granulating the spherical metal particles such as tantalum and / or niobium powder, the method comprising the following steps: a) less than 50μm and comminuted metal particles step to form fine particles having D50 of; b) finely divided metal particles containing volatile liquid (e.g., including a volatile liquid, tantalum and / or granulating the particles) of niobium wet spherical particles formed the step of heat treating the d) pre-agglomerated particles; the step to: the c) wet spherical particles and ventilation drying, to remove the volatile liquids, bulk density step of forming the increased fluidity pre-agglomerated particles ; e) heat-treated powder was sieved to obtain a flowable agglomerated particles. The present invention is flowable agglomerated metal particles spherical, and, in particular, properties provide improved tantalum and / or niobium particles. Agglomerated tantalum powder of the present invention, at least a flow rate of about 2.0 g / sec, BET surface area of from about 0.2 to about 6.0 m Agglomerated niobium powder of the present invention, at least a flow rate of about 1.0 g / sec, BET surface area of from about 0.5 to about 8.0 m Metal particles of the tantalum and / or niobium improves the pore size distribution of the sintered anodes, increasing the breaking strength of the pellets. The present invention is further prepared from tantalum and / or niobium particles according to the present invention, to provide an electrolytic capacitor anodes from about 5,000MyuFV / g have a capacity of about 300,000μFV / g.


Institutional Accreditation in India Anthony Stella Antony Stella is deputy adviser, National Assessment and Accreditation Council, 2/4 Aragini Bhavana, Rajkumar Road, Rajajinagar, Bangalore, India. E-mail: <firstname.lastname@example.com>. T Indian higher education system has inherited many regulatory mechanisms from the British legacy of higher education. While the regulatory mechanisms have ensured satisfactory functioning of the system with unprecedented quantitative expansion, raising the standards of higher education could not be achieved. With 259 university-level institutions, more than 10,750 colleges, 8 million students, and 400,000 teachers, India has one of the world's largest higher education systems. While the numbers may look impressive, they cover only 6 percent of the relevant age group, and 88 percent of student enrollments are in undergraduate education. Ensuring the quality of education provided to this small percentage is vital to the success of the nation. The situation gets further complicated with colleges taking a lead in undergraduate education and the affiliating system that loosely connects the colleges and universities. Most Indian universities are of the affiliating type where the affiliating university legislates on courses of study, holds examinations centrally on common syllabi for its affiliates, and awards degrees to successful candidates. With the larger affiliating universities having more than 400 affiliated colleges, the academic leadership provided to affiliates has come under severe criticism. Many of the preconditions that ensured educational quality, while granting affiliation to colleges, have now been either ignored or softpedaled, with the result that many substandard institutions have come into existence, with the possibility of many more to come. The growth of private initiatives has also increased the concern for quality. To increase access to education, India has encouraged private initiatives. The government-run colleges are few, and privately managed trusts or societies have founded the greater number of colleges—about 70 percent of the total. Most of the private colleges established before the 1980s get more than 95 percent of their financial support from the state government, and they are called grant-in-aid colleges. With limited resources, government could not extend financial support to the private initiatives established after the 1980s. These colleges run on student fees, and they are known as self-financing colleges. Though selffinancing, they have to comply with the rules of the government and the affiliating university. The growth in the number of self-financing colleges adds to the pressure on the affiliating universities. The direct public expenditure on the public-funded institutions, the high fee structure of the self-financing colleges, and the substandard facilities available in some of these institutions have raised the question of "value for money" and hence the need for an effective mechanism for quality assurance. Accreditation by an autonomous body was seen as an appropriate strategy for quality assurance. Consequently, as a part of its responsibility for the maintenance and promotion of standards of education, the University Grants Commission (UGC) established the National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) in 1994. The methodology is in line with the international trend—a combination of self-evaluations and peer review based on predetermined criteria for assessment. It is a voluntary process, and the final outcome of the process is an overall grade on a five-point scale and a detailed assessment report, valid for a period of five years. Both the grade and the report are made public. Although the NAAC has the provision to do both institutional and departmental assessment, during the first cycle, institutional accreditation has been promoted consciously. By the end of 2001, the NAAC has assessed around 200 institutions of higher education, and it recently conducted a study to analyze the impact of accreditation on the institutions of higher education.


The DDX Detector provides the most intuitive, easiest to use operator interface of any available digital PD testing system Data analysis is fast, easy, and requires little training Its Windows 9STWbased software allows flexible test recording In addition, the DDX Detector is a complete open-archi-tecture hardware and software solution through the use of the fastest microprocessors, Microsoft Windows 95 and Microsoft ActiveFM technology The DDX Detector can also couple to the latest generation of Hipotronics control systems and HV sources to achieve an integrated test solution


In this paper,we presented a reliability analysis which was made of the four-component cold maintainable system with priority and a repair equipment.A maintainable model of this system was set up under the condition that the switch was absolutely reliable.The steady-state index and reliability indexes mean in the steady-state circumstances were obtained.


Antibodies directed against the native format of the y-carboxyglutamic acid-rich region of bovine prothrombin (Furie et al. (1978) J. Biol. Chem. 253, 89808987), anti-(12-44)N, have been employed to evaluate the effect of metal ions on the three-dimensional structure of this region. In addition, the cross-reactivity of these antibodies with other vitamin K-dependent proteins has been explored. Using a radioimmunoassay a 25-fold molar excess of bovine Factor X, a loo-fold molar excess of bovine Factor IX, or a 200-fold molar excess of human prothrombin was required to inhibit 50% of the binding of bovine prothrombin to anti-(la44)N. These vitamin K-dependent proteins share antigenie determinants, but the affinity of anti-(12-44)N for proteins other than bovine prothrombin was low. A subpopulation of anti-(12-44)N bound strongly to bovine prothrombin only in the presence of metal ions, and was conformationally specific for antigenic determinants in the metal l prothrombin binary complex. Metal ions which could facilitate recognition of antigenie determinants by the anti-( 12-44)N subpopulatkn included Ca(II), Sr(II), Zn(II), Ba(II), Fe(II), Mn(II), Pr(III), La(III), Gd(III), and Mg(I1). At Ca(I1) concentrations of 0 to 3 mM, increasing metal concentration yielded increasing anti-(12-44)N*prothrombin binding. Half-maximal binding changes were observed at Ca(I1) concentrations of 0.2 mM. Using Mn(II), Mg(II), and Gd(III), half-maximal binding changes were observed at metal concentrations of 20 PM, 0.2 mM, and 0.1 PM, respectively. These concentrations correspond closely to the binding constant, KD, describing the interaction of each metal ion with prothrombin and the concentration of each metal ion required to effect half-maximal fluorescence and circular dichroism changes. We conclude that a subpopulation of anti-(12-44)N is directed against a metal-stabilized conformation of prothrombin. This conformation is associated with occupancy of the high affinity metal binding sites of prothrombin with metal ions which bind to these sites. The binding of metal ions into the high affinity sites of prothrombin is associated with a structural transition that includes changes in the three-dimensional structure of the ycarboxyglutamic acid-rich domain.


The KrF laser ablation of Y‐Ba‐Cu‐O bulk samples has been studied using visible UV spectroscopy and ion probes. Principal luminescent species, expansion velocities, and the extent of ionization in the ablation plume have been determined in this way, providing information on the interaction of relevance to ablation as a film deposition source.


Innovation, creativity, and design are among the most frequently used words in business and society today. In most situations, innovation studies focus on markets and technical road-mapping for future innovations. Less attention is paid to non-economic and non-technical innovations. Contrary to common trends, this chapter focuses on non-technical and non-economic innovations. Furthermore, in this chapter we discuss key models of non-economic and non-technical innovation. The chapter is not a fully comprehensive survey, but focuses on just four important models of modern innovation studies, which should be a part of the research agenda in the field of innovation research into non-technical and non-economic innovations. In this chapter I aim to add a non-economic element to traditional innovation models. In this way I try to build a new theory of NMI.


Aiming at the nonlinear and time variant characteristics of a ramp control system, a fuzzy control method is applied to freeway ramp metering in this paper. A cell transmission model (CTM) to describe the freeway flow process is firstly established. Based on the model and in conjunction with nonlinear feedback theory, fuzzy control based ramp controllers are then designed. The ramp metering rates are determined by fuzzy control according to density tracking errors and error increments. Triangle curves are used for the membership functions of the fuzzy variables. The rule base including 56 fuzzy rules is also established. Finally, the controllers are simulated in MATLAB software. The results show that this method can achieve a perfect density tracking performance and eliminate traffic congestion. This approach is quite effective to freeway ramp metering.


In this paper, we introduce the concept of (prime) ideals on neutrosophic extended triplet groups (NETGs) and investigate some related properties of them. Firstly, we give characterizations of ideals generated by some subsets, which lead to a construction of a NETG by endowing the set consisting of all ideals with a special multiplication. In addition, we show that the set consisting of all ideals is a distributive lattice. Finally, by introducing the topological structure on the set of all prime ideals on NETGs, we obtain the necessary and sufficient conditions for the prime ideal space to become a $ T_{1} $-space and a Hausdorff space.


The basic finding of this 1967 study is the possibility that, in the coming decade, federal revenues will grow faster thanA'Â existingA'Â federal civilian expenditure programs.


This paper discusses on the cluster technique and its working principle, and taking the cluster software LEGATO AAM as the example, introduces in detail the application of the cluster technique in library's network construction.


We consider Schrödinger equations and Fokker–Planck equations in one dimension, and study the low-energy asymptotic behavior of the Green function using a new method. In this method, the coefficient of the expansion in powers of the wave number can be systematically calculated to arbitrary order, and the behavior of the remainder term can be analyzed on the basis of an expression in terms of transmission and reflection coefficients. This method is applicable to a wide variety of potentials which may not necessarily be finite as x → ±∞.


ABSTRACT In this paper, we consider the backward error and condition number of the indefinite linear least squares (ILS) problem. For the normwise backward error of ILS, we adopt the linearization method to derive the tight estimations for the exact normwise backward errors. We derive the explicit expressions of the normwise, mixed and componentwise condition numbers for the linear function of the solution for ILS. The tight upper bounds for the derived mixed and componentwise condition numbers are obtained, which can be estimated efficiently by means of the classical power method for estimating matrix 1-norm [N.J. Higham, Accuracy and Stability of Numerical Algorithms, 2nd ed., SIAM, Philadelphia, PA, 2002, Chapter 15] during using the QR-Cholesky method [S. Chandrasekaran, M. Gu, and A.H. Sayed, A stable and efficient algorithm for the indefinite linear least-squares problem, SIAM J. Matrix Anal. Appl. 20(2) (1999), pp. 354–362] for solving ILS. Moreover, we revisit the previous results on condition numbers for ILS and linear least squares problem. The numerical examples show that the derived condition numbers can give sharp perturbation bound with respect to the interested component of the solution. And the linearization estimations are effective for the normwise backward errors.


Abstract As humans continue to move further from the urban epicenter and expand into suburban and exurban areas, problems involving coexistence of wildlife and human populations will become increasingly common. Wildlife biologists will be tasked with reducing wildlife–human conflicts, and their effectiveness will be a function of their understanding of the biology and life-history characteristics of wildlife populations residing in areas with high human density. In this study, we examined causes and timing of deaths of neonatal white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in an exurban area of Alabama in 2004 and 2005, estimated survival rates, and determined factors that influenced survival for the initial 8 weeks of life. We found 67% mortality, with the leading causes being predation by coyotes (Canis latrans; 41.7%) and starvation due to abandonment (25%). These results suggest that coyote predation may be a significant source of natural mortality in exurban areas. Contrary to our original expectations, vehicle collisions were not an important cause of mortality.


The effect is considered of magnetic fluctuations on electron heating of tokamak plasmas by lower hybrid waves. For high power experiments, magnetic fluctuations can enhance both the electron heating rate and the anomalous loss rate. Each of these effects can reduce the efficiency of bulk electron heating; the outward shift in power deposition can increase losses even with the same transport rate, and the RF enhanced anomalous transport can provide a significantly increased loss rate.


There is no single measurement technique suitable for the evaluation of all aerial application systems, since the type of measurement required, and the technique used to obtain it, are dependent on the application method. In this paper, techniques used by the authors to assess atomiser performance, droplet dispersion, deposition, and aircraft swath width are described. The applicability of each technique to various application methods is described.


The copper (Ⅱ)-caffeine-benzoate complex was synthesized by using a new method and characterized by element analysis, IR X-ray single-crystal diffraction analysis and TG-DTA. The UV spectrum of the complex binding with ct-DNA indicated that it could intervene in ct-DNA two-strands with binding constant K(subscript b)=1.5×10^4mol/L.


At present, Mining Industry right market in China is not perfect and develops slowly, far behind the development progress of market system construction. It can not suit for the need of entering WTO. So, it is very significant and urgent to push the operating pace of mining industry right market construction in China.


Vision-based formation control systems are attractive because they can use inexpensive sensors and can work in GPS-denied environments. The safety assurance for such systems is challenging: the vision component's accuracy depends on the environment in complicated ways, these errors propagate through the system and lead to incorrect control actions, and there exists no formal specification for end-to-end reasoning. We address this problem and propose a technique for safety assurance of vision-based formation control: First, we propose a scheme for constructing quantizers that are consistent with vision-based perception. Next, we show how the convergence analysis of a standard quantized consensus algorithm can be adapted for the constructed quantizers. We use the recently defined notion of perception contracts to create error bounds on the actual vision-based perception pipeline using sampled data from different ground truth states, environments, and weather conditions. Specifically, we use a quantizer in logarithmic polar coordinates, and we show that this quantizer is suitable for the constructed perception contracts for the vision-based position estimation, where the error worsens with respect to the absolute distance between agents. We build our formation control algorithm with this nonuniform quantizer, and we prove its convergence employing an existing result for quantized consensus.