Combining Internet of things (IoT) technology with sports training, developing an intelligent sports remote monitoring system to provide scientific sports training guidance for athletes can effectively prevent sports injuries and diseases. This study introduces the IoT technology and puts forward a design method of sports training remote monitoring system, which consists of basic information management module, health status evaluation module, sports injury and disease prediction module, and scientific fitness mode recommendation module. Through simulation test, the system has good pulse and heartbeat signal acquisition and measurement ability, and stable transmission performance, which is worthy of popularization and application in physical training.


Summary Introduction Because no medication has been approved for coagulation support in trauma, the current study was aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of intravenous injection of Tranexamic acid (TXA) in patients with acute traumatic bleeding. Methods In the current randomized controlled clinical trial, 68 patients with acute bleeding and hemorrhagic shock presentation due to blunt trauma of the abdomen, pelvis, and thorax, randomly assigned into two groups of TXA and placebo. Results There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of Systolic blood pressure, pulse rate, Base excess, serum hemoglobin changes, bleeding volume, the incidence of thrombotic events, and the number of deaths (p > 0.05). But Systolic blood pressure, pulse rate, base excess, and serum hemoglobin, changed significantly within each group over time(p < 0.05). The median time for the length of hospital stay among the TXA group was lower than the Placebo group (6 days vs 10 days, p = 0.004). Also, there was a significant difference between the two groups about the median of pack cell, Platelet consumption, and bleeding Volume (p < 0.05). Conclusion The use of TXA is associated with lower use of blood production and reduced length of hospital stay, however, thrombotic events incidence and mortality rates between the TXA and placebo groups were not different.


The tautomerism of alkyl 2‐benzothiazolyl‐malonates and 2‐oxobenzodihydrothiazol‐3‐yl‐malonates was studied by 1H, 13C and 15N NMR spectroscopy. 2‐Benzothiazolylmalonates isomerize in solution to the NH tautomers with an intramolecular hydrogen bond between the NH … OC groups, whereas 2‐oxobenzodihydrothiazol‐3‐yl‐malonates are in the CH forms. The complete assignments of the 13C NMR resonances are reported.


Series, bringing together the nation's top scholars and award-winning authors for thoughtprovoking evenings of history. In 1998, Senator Hatfield partnered with the Oregon Historical Society to create this lecture series as a way to present new and exciting perspectives on U.S. History, and the series has since featured best-selling authors, historians, and public servants including David McCullough, Doris Kearns Goodwin, Cokie Roberts, and Bob Woodward. The Oregon Historical Society presents the


Under the market economic system based on the private ownership, the production factors are located for the highest returns. As a result, the regional inequality follows a reversed U-shaped path, based on Williamson's hypothesis. The planned economy based on the public ownership may play certain role in reducing regional inequality, but will cause inefficiency to certain degree. Under the market economy based on the public ownership, it is difficult for production factors to be located for the highest returns, and thereby reduce the regional inequality, because of the system of local public ownership, under which the market is separated regionally.


The aim of the present work is to study the effect of phase transformations on the mechanical properties of steel 45 treated by laser. A coating was applied to flat specimens with a cross section of 3.5 x 13 mm and a gauge length of 40 mm intended for tensile testing in order to increase laser irradiation absorption. Laser treatment followed by cooling was applied to the surface of the wide faces of specimens along the tensile axis. An increase in the number of passes increased the proportion of hardened material participating in tests. Treatment was carried out with a laser beam power of 800 W, beam diameter 3.6 mm, and at a rate of 20 mm/sec. Tensile testing was carried out in an FP-100 rupture machine. Hardened specimens after laser treatment and mechanical testing were cut across the tracks of radiation with the material in order to evaluate phase changes in their surface layer. After etching microsections with 4% picric acid solution the microstructure of specimens was studied in a Leitz structural analyzer by the procedure in [4]. As studies showed, as a result of laser treatment after cooling in air two zones form in the specimen surface layer, i.e., a fusion zone (quenching from the liquid condition) and a heat-affected zone (quenching from the solid state), which have a transitional (towards the core) region consisting of an austenite-martensite mixture and a ferrite network. Shown in Fig. I is the change in structure through the thickness of the hardened zone. The fusion region is fine (5-15 ~m) dendrites assembled into packets whose size corresponds to the primary austenite grains. Dendrite crystallization proceeds, as it were, in a "substrate" of austenite grains with a diameter of 15-30 ~m of the heat-affected zone. With an increase in distance from the surface these grains increase in size and reach 27-36 ~m in cross section, changing into grains bordered by the ferritic network. The most complete information about the effect of laser treatment regimes on the degree of completion of phase transformation in the hardened zone may be obtained from quantitative characteristics of the microstructure (Table I). With an increase in laser radiation power during treatment there is an increase in the size of austenite grains of the substrate and dendrites of the fusion zone. An increase in treatment rate causes dispersion of the substrate structure, which is connected with an increase in the cooling rate for the area irradiated by the laser. Dendrites of minimum size form with a treatment rate of v = 20 mm/sec, and this is explained by the fact that the dependence of structure dispersivity on cooling rate during crystallization has a maximum corresponding to the critical cooling rate for a given alloy [5].


Stem cells are considered new promising tool for treating many disorders. However, the difficulties in isolation of stem cells, the immunorejection problems and the ethical debates about their sources could slow down the progress in their application in clinical trials. In the present study we were able to isolate mesenchymal stem cells from adipose tissue. This would overcome the difficult isolation from elsewhere, the immunorejection problems (as they can be isolated from the same patient) and of course the ethical debate as they will be isolated form a known source after taking conste of the patient. The characterization of the isolated adipose tissue derived stem cells (ADSCs) revealed mesenchymal markers (CD29,90) and absence of Hematopoietic markers (CD45). So, these results support the capacity of adipose tissue to be an easy source for obtaining functional stem cells


A comparative analysis of the method of histograms and the sequence of the ranged am-plitudes (SRA) for statistical parametrization of the operation regime of a single-photon avalanche photodetector is carried out. It is shown that the SRA method contains all the information, which can be obtained using the method of histograms, and also allows to give a quick robust description of the dark counts of the device for a short noise sample of $\sim10^3$ points, what open the way for the introduction of SRA approach into software of a high-sensitivity photodetectors.


This study is generally attempted to find out The Effects of Student Team Achievement Division (STAD) Technique towards Students' Self-Efficacy In Reading f or t he first g rade s tudents a t SMA Darun Najihin NW Bagik Nyala . The method of this research is experimental research. The population of this research was the first grade students of SMA Darun Najihin NW Bagik Nyala in academic year 2016/2017. The sample of the study was 54 students consist of two classes, experimental class and control class. The technique used to analysis the data was test formula. From the research data found out that the students' t-test score (2,58) and t-table (1,679) from (df) was 52. Based on the result of the study and the correlation between self-efficacy and reading was r-test (0,604) > r-table (0,268). It can be concluded that, the use of STAD has positive effect toward students' self-efficacy in reading and has correlation both of them at the first grade students of SMA Darun Najihin NW Bagik Nyala in academic year 2016/2017.


We address the problem of automatic land-cover map updating of multi-temporal and multi-spectral remotely sensed images in this paper. Given a pair of images acquired on the same geographical area at two distinct time instants, it is assumed here that the training data are available for one of the acquisitions, which is known as the source domain image. The task is to classify the other image (target domain image) for which no reliable reference map is available. It is further assumed that both the images share the same set of land-cover classes though the statistical properties of the classes may change considerably over time. Under these assumptions, a novel graph matching technique is proposed to approximate the class labels of the target domain data which is initially clustered. Given that the samples from different classes may overlap in the spectral domain, which a clustering algorithm fails to detect properly, a partially supervised Maximum Likelihood (ML) classifier coupled with the Expectation Maximization (EM) based parameter re-training scheme is used iteratively to further jointly update the class-conditional densities and the prior probabilities of the classes in the target domain image. Experimental results obtained on multi-spectral datasets confirm the the effectiveness of the proposed method.


A 2000-CHARACTER OR LESS FACTUAL SUMMARY OF MOST SIGNIFICANT INFORMATION. IF DOCUMENT INCLUDES A SIGNIFICANT BIBLIOGRAPHY OR LITERATURE SURVEY, CITE IT HERE. SPELL OUT ACRONYMS ON FIRST REFERENCE.) (CONTINUE ON SEPARATE PAGE, IF NECESSARY.) As part of an ongoing effort to update and sharpen the National Fire Research Agenda, the U.S. Fire Administration in cooperation with the Building and Fire Research Laboratory, at the National Institute of Standards and Technology held two workshops to obtain input from the fire community. The first focused on the needs of the fire service and was held October 13-15, 1999, in San Antonio, Texas. At that workshop, 32 members of the fire service representing national fire service organizations and a wide range of fire departments in both size and location were asked to identify the needs of the fire service. Areas of emphasis included fire fighting operations, fire fighter health and safety, large fire incidents, fire mitigation, communications and information technology. The attendees worked in two panels and identified more than 100 needs and their relative priorities which the editors of this report have recorded as presented by the panels. The second workshop was held October 20, 1999, in Emmitsburg, Maryland and focused on the needs of the fire protection community beyond the fire service. The proceedings of that workshop are contained in NISTIR 6539.


The invention discloses an information processing method and a terminal. The information processing method comprises steps of: if an error happened on first D2D communication at a first moment, determining a transmission number of a first downlink to be re-transmitted of communication between a terminal and a base station before a first moment, determining residual process resources on the basis of process resources taken up by the first downlink transmission number and a total process resource of the terminal, determining a second downlink transmission number between first D2D communication and second D2D communication of the second moment, wherein the second moment is later than the first moment and the second D2D communication is re-transmission communication of the first D2D communication; dividing the residual process resources into a first process resource and a second process resource based on the second downlink transmission number, wherein the first process resource comprises a data storage resource for D2D communication, and the second process resource is a re-transmission process resource reserved for second downlink transmission.


The IS-136 North American digital cellular standard defines a digital control channel (DCCH) protocol. This DCCH forms the basis for the design and operation of the residential base station discussed in this paper. This residential base station, typically referred to as a personal base station (PBS), works with digital cellular handsets to provide enhanced cordless telephone functionality. The PBS operates autonomously, measures its RF environment and adaptively selects its operating frequency. A simulation has been constructed to demonstrate both the stability and capacity for a system of these PBSs. The simulations show that when these PBSs are placed within a typical suburban area, in both homes and apartment dwellings, their choices of operating frequency are quite stable. Except for those base stations placed high in apartment buildings, the base stations consistently find usable operating frequencies. Based on today's spectrum usage, the simulation indicates a limiting capacity between 300 and 1250 PBSs per square mile depending on the environment.


Abstract The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of current and former sailors, staff and volunteers who were involved in an adaptive recreational sailing program and identify the factors that impact their engagement. Using an ethnographic approach, participant observations (n = 20) and qualitative interviews (n = 18) were conducted with sailors, staff and volunteers. We analyzed the data thematically and identified two main themes. 1) "Anchors away: reasons for setting sail," described the benefits of adaptive sailing including learning opportunities, leaving disability onshore, challenging stigma, building a community and engaging with nature. 2) "Running ashore: challenges with program delivery and logistics," acknowledged the various issues encountered, including issues around accessibility, equipment, scheduling, safety management, and volunteers/volunteering. The findings emphasize how adaptive sailing offers a multidimensional experience and could reduce prejudices against people with disabilities. Challenges regarding accessibility of facilities and transports as well as volunteers were identified.


Though being part of greater Europe, Central and Eastern European countries are considered emerging markets and, thus, political and economic situation there is to a great extent different from developed Europe, which is also applied to the companies operating there. Investment theories working in Western Europe cannot be applied to CEE equity markets: family owned public companies do not outperform others in CEE, unlike in developed European countries. Both in market downturns and upturns the best turn out to be companies where significant stakes are held by the government. According to the study results, these companies beat second best (companies with significant family ownership): 1044% vs. 523% during the period from April 2000 till November 2009. This phenomenon the authors explain by the CEE investors' wish to be on the safe side in an unstable environment as state owned companies usually pay good dividends, enjoy state indulgence and do not follow risky corporate strategies. Financial performance of the companies with governmental shareholding being at a very high level compared to peers is also adding value to the equity performance.


During mapping of the Huntley Quadrangle in south-western Tasmania, two new,
important, graptolite-trilobite-brachiopod bearing sequences were found in the upper part of the
Lower Palaeozoic succession. The stratigraphy of these sequences is described. To avoid confusion a
new group and a new formation, which includes the Westfield Beds (sensu Corbett and Banks 1974),
are proposed.


The most popular virtual currency (bitcoin) has become so popular because it relies on the concept of Distributed Ledger, realized by means of a technology known as BlockChain. This technology removes the need for third parties (such as authorities) that authorize transactions; in fact, it is a peer-to-peer network where consensus to transactions is given by peers. Furthermore, the distributed nature of BlockChain ensures a high-level of robustness to attacks. However, since its birth (a decade ago) many evolutions have been introduced: now, we distinguish between permissionless and permissioned BlockChains, the concept of smart contract is now supported, and various platforms are available. The contribution of this paper is to provide novices with the current trends, in particular by discussing the adoption of BlockChain technology in financial services.


This study theoretically adopts Markov-switching models (hereafter SWARCH models) by Hamilton and Susmel (1994). Examine the weekly return variability of stock market indices including Dow Jones (price-weighted), Nikkei (price-weighted), and measures for the four Asian tigers. Via a SWARCH setting, model stock return variances as being state varying, we document greater correlations when index returns are more volatile. Specifically, we specify American and Japanese stock markets as the home markets and include observations for Singapore, Hong Kong, South Korea and Taiwan in the set of foreign markets, exploring the correlations between the home market group and the foreign market group. Our empirical findings support the following notions. First, the correlation appears to be the greatest when both US and Japanese markets are in a high variance state, whereas the first runners up is the correlation for settings one and only home market being based on a high variance state. And the correlation is the lowest when both US and Japan markets are in a low variance state. Our results show that the global financial epidemic is most significant when the major developed markets are volatile. Moreover, the findings suggest that accompanying the rapid growth in global fund transfers, deregulations, and international divisions of labor in the electronic industry, the global market epidemic effect has been significantly increasing since 1990. The research design and test results of this study may add to the literature and practices of measuring cross-country market correlation patterns, implementing risk management systems, and establishing diversification strategies.


Plants are the precious gift of nature to mankind and play a major role in the treatment of various diseased conditions from the ancient times. Functional bioactive compounds of plant origin have been an invaluable source for many human therapeutic drugs and have played a major role in the treatment of diseases around the world. Natural products or their derivatives have led to many existing drugs, offering a chemically diverse space for discovery of hepatoprotective compounds. In order to represent the studies on chemical diversity of phytomolecules with hepatoprotective activity, this review is complied. This review captures a number of isolated phytomolecules having hepatoprotective potential. Phytomolecules as lead compounds for new drug discovery will boost up the researchers to work on it and find effective molecules for the treatment of liver injuries.


. In this paper, using an algebraic approach, it is intended to show that Goldbach's conjecture is true, building, for each m > 2, an isomorphism between posets. one of the posets is the set of coprimes less than m , while the other is endowed with an operation that grants it an abelian group structure. Special features of this operation are demonstrated in the document, which allow characterizing the even numbers, as if they were their fingerprint; Fur- thermore, such an operation locates, in a natural way, the pairs that satisfy the conjecture. Moreover, an algorithm that generates pairs of numbers that satisfy the conjecture is presented, and examples of some of the beautiful symmetries of the orbits of cyclic subgroups are shown, for the proposed abelian group.


BACKGROUND
Local recurrence rates after skin-sparing mastectomy and immediate reconstruction are similar to recurrence rates after conventional mastectomy. We investigated the pattern of local recurrences and risk factors associated with them.

METHODS
We identified 206 patients who underwent 210 skin-sparing mastectomies with immediate reconstruction from 1998 to 2006 in our database.

RESULTS
Eleven patients had local recurrences (5.3%). Nine developed in the quadrant of the corresponding primary tumor. There were no significant differences between patients who recurred and those who did not with respect to tumor size/stage, margin status, estrogen receptor/progesterone receptor/Her2neu status, lymph node metastases, or radiation therapy (P > .05). Patients with grade 3 invasive tumors or high-grade ductal carcinoma in situ were more likely to recur than patients with grade 1 or 2 invasive tumors or low- or intermediate-grade ductal carcinoma in situ (P = .0035). Those patients who recurred had a significantly decreased overall survival compared to patients who did not recur (P = .0006).

CONCLUSIONS
Skin-sparing mastectomy and immediate reconstruction has a low local recurrence rate. Recurrences occur most commonly in the same quadrant as the primary tumor and treatment approaches include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. Local recurrence portends a poorer overall survival.


Abstract The increasing market competitiveness and CAE availability require the products to be optimised. This practice is exceedingly present when producing semi-standard parts like structural elements. Several cost calculation methods are developed, bringing up the question - which one to use? In this article, we compared three methods; a welded I-section beam was used as an example. The optimisation was carried out using two objectives (mass and cost) and was submitted to Eurocode boundary conditions. The results have shown that the cost calculation method has a negligible influence on the results.


Objective To obtain the difference between the thickness of macular ganglion cell complex(mGCC) and retinal never fiber layer(pRNFL) in healthy men,patients with early manifest glaucoma(EMG),and patients with glaucomaevolutum using Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography(FD-OCT),and then evaluate and analyze the diagnosibility of it and other parameters for glaucoma.Methods 41 healthy men(56 eyes),36 patients(42 eyes) with EMG and 35 patients with glaucomaevolutum were recruited as normal group,EMG group and glaucomaevolutum group,respectively.The thicknesses of mGCC and pRNFL were measured using FDOCT,and the parameters were analyzed statistically.Area under receiver operating characteristic curve(AUROC) of the parameters were also obtained.Then diagnobility of the parameters were analyzed.Results The thicknesses of mGCC and pRNFL at all parts gradually decreased as glaucoma degree aggravating,all parameters were significantly different from each other(All P 0.01).The superior,average and inferior thicknesses of mGCC were correlated with those of pRNFL in all three groups(r = 0.443,0.693,0.615,0.833,0.725,0.818,0.840,0.658 and 0.904,respectively)(All P 0.01).AUROC of all pRNFL and mGCC parameter but nasal pRNFL thickness(P = 0.102) of normal group and EMG group were significantly different from each other(All P 0.01).AUROC of all pRNFL and mGCC parameters of normal group and glaucoma group(two glaucoma groups) were significantly different from each other(pRNFL: 0.941 ± 0.020,mGCC: 0.920 ± 0.022,All P 0.01).The diagnosibility of all pRNFL and mGCC parameters were not significantly different from each other(All P 0.05) Conclusion The diagnosibility of pRNFL and mGCC thickness for EMG were comparable.The measurement of mGCC thickness is a good supplementary examination to pRNFL thickness measurement.


In this study we discuss the all-pairwise multiple comparison for checking differences among normal variances. Although Imada (2018) determined two kinds of conservative critical values for pairwise comparison for a speci(cid:12)ed signi(cid:12)cance level using Bonferroni's inequality and the improved Bonferroni's inequality respectively, we discuss how to determine the critical value for pairwise comparison satisfying a speci(cid:12)ed signi(cid:12)cance level exactly. Finally, we give some numerical results regarding critical values and power of the test intended to compare the exact critical value and the conservative critical values.


Objective To research the applied result of the5-S auditing system in the nursing quantity management.Methods Apply the 5-S auditing system to the daily management of the nursing work in the whole hospital,according to this theory which can improve each departments,ability,And also designed the flow chart which from formal to the behavior,then turn to conventionalisty.Built up the evaluation system of the5-S auditing system.the nursing department established the management committee and group of examines of the 5-S auditing system it makes the evaluation standard and rules.By using the rules.it can help the locale in regular organization,regular ordination,regular cleaning,regular constraint,routine self-discipline and do the examine regularly,keep on improve.Results During one year which carried on the 5-S auditing system,the nursing quantity improved obviously :Various instrument,the intact rate of product prepares,the usage of valuable instrument,the intact rate of care,the intact rate of the first aid product,the product disinfects to put out the qualified rate of germ,Sufferer the satisfaction rate etc.raises all and obviously.(was examine by χ2,P 0.05).Conclusion Applying the5-S auditing system to the whole hospital can improve the nursing quantity effectively,insure the safety of medical treatment and attain to the purpose.


Review question / Objective: We conduct to perform a network meta-analysis to determine the better analgesic efficacy and safety of ESPB in patients undergoing what kind of surgery. Following the PICOS framework, we identified randomized controlled trials (RCT) the patients applied ESPB with different types of surgery compared with either non-block care or blocks. We hypothesized that the ESPB would be superior to non-block care but not inferior to other blocks in thoracic and breast surgeries compared with other types of surgery. In terms of postoperative 24 h opioid consumption (intravenous morphine equivalent) and other analgesic makers, including pain scores at rest and movement, first night sleep quality, postoperative vomiting/nausea, and block-related complications.


This paper considers the problem of learning the underlying graph topology of Gaussian Graphical Models (GGMs) from observations. Under high-dimensional settings, to achieve low sample complexity, many existing graph topology learning algorithms assume structural constraints such as sparsity to hold. Without prior knowledge of graph sparsity, the correctness of their results is difficult to check. In this paper, we aim to do away with these assumptions by developing algorithms for learning degree-bounded GGMs and separable GGMs without any sparsity priors. The proposed algorithms, which are based only on the knowledge of conditional independence relations in the data distribution, require minimal structural assumptions while still achieving low sample complexity, and hence are 'applicable'. Specifically, for any user defined sparsity parameter <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$</tex-math></inline-formula>, we prove that the proposed algorithms can consistently identify whether a <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$p$</tex-math></inline-formula>-dimensional GGM is degree-bounded by <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$</tex-math></inline-formula> (or strongly <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$</tex-math></inline-formula>-separable) with <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Omega (k \log p)$</tex-math></inline-formula> sample complexity. Besides, our algorithms also demonstrate 'partial' learning properties whenever the overall graph is not entirely sparse, that is, not all nodes are degree-bounded (or are strongly separable). In this case, we can still learn the sparse portions of the graph, with theoretical guarantees included. Numerical results show that existing algorithms fail even in some simple settings where sparsity assumptions do not hold, whereas our algorithms do not.


The theory of imaging in scanning microscopes with lenses, source and detector all having Gaussian pupil function is developed. This assumption is useful as the expressions may be evaluated analytically. It is shown that Type 2 microscopes exhibit superior performance to those of Type 1. Effects of defocus are considered. It is found that defocus can be used in a Type 2 microscope to observe phase information without the limitation in resolution associated with stopping down the collector of a conventional microscope. It is also found that a Type 2 microscope discriminates against light scattered by parts of the object outside of the focal plane, allowing observation of detail within a thick object.


The enzyme‐linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay has been proven to be an efficient and sensitive method for the enumeration of single cells secreting antibodies or cytokines. Here we have used this method to determine the number of interleukin‐4 (IL‐4)‐ and interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ)‐producing cells in in vitro secondary responses to tetanus toxoid (TT) and the mycobacterial antigen (purified protein derivative; PPD) or the mitogen phytohemagglutinin (PHA). PHA‐induced IL‐4 and IFN‐γ secretion was well correlated suggesting polyclonal activation of cells. This was not the case with the specific antigens, where PPD preferentially induced IFN‐γ‐ and very few IL‐4‐producing cells, while TT‐induced both IL‐4 and IFN‐γ. These differences are probably a reflection of the types of immunity the two antigens induce, mycobacteria preferentially inducing a cell‐mediated T helper type 1 (Th 1) type of immunity, while immunity to tetanus is an antibody‐dependent, Th 2 type of response.


The Canadian construction industry mus t fully consider the use of robotics if it is to meet its changing needs . This paper presents an approach for evaluating the implementation of robotics in construction activities. Each activity is considered in terms of strategic , tactical and operating needs. Since these needs may vary among different countries and regions , priorities are assigned based on social, economic, and political considerations. An example application is presented to illustrate the methodology.


This research aims to discover the educational management strategy of Rumah Qur'an NW Lombok in printing the Qur'anic generation. This study uses a qualitative approach, while the method used in this research is descriptive with observation techniques, interviews and documentation studies. The data analysis used is the analytical technique offered by Miles and Huberman namely Data Collection, Data Reduction, Data display and data verification or drawing conclusions. The results of this study are: First, the educational management strategy of Pondok Tahfidz Baqiyatussalaf NW—Rumah Qur'an Nahdlatul Wathan Lombok in producing Qur'ani generations, namely by making planning (planning) which includes issues of curriculum development strategy, activity development strategy, strategy Boarding School, Social Media Utilization Strategy, Funding Strategy. Second, implementing the management of Pondok Tahfidz Baqiyatussalaf NW - Rumah Qur'an Nahdlatul Wathan Lombok in creating the Organizing stage of the Qur'ani generation by actualizing five excellent programs namely the I'dad Program, the Tahfidz Program, the Tasri' Program, the Mutqin Program, and the Takmili Program. Third, the implications of the management of Pondok Tahfidz Baqiyatussalaf NW—Nahdlatul Wathan Lombok Qur'an House in creating the Qur'ani generation are divided into three, namely; Academic Implications, Spiritual Implications, and Social Ethical Implications. The contribution of this research to students is as an alternative to anticipating juvenile delinquency, the negative influence of technology and a social environment that is not conducive. So, Pondok Tahfidz Baqiyatussalaf NW — Rumah Qur'an Nahdlatul Wathan Lombok is an alternative solution.


The food environment at Gratts Elementary school in the Pico Union neighborhood of Los Angeles, as with many other low-income schools in the Los Angeles Unified School District, leaves much to be desired. At Gratts, 97% of the students are Latino and 90% qualify for a free or reduced lunch. On any given day, the lunch menu at the school might consist of pizza, or a cheeseburger on a bun with French fries, and a fruit cup in heavy syrup. And while elementary school students are not allowed to have vending machines on the school grounds, just a few blocks away, at Belmont High School, you could, until recently, buy items like chips, a 20 ounce coke, or a candy bar.


In recent years,along with the rapid development of location technologies such as GPS,RFID and wireless sensor networks as well as the widespread use of location-aware devices such as mobile phones and GPS receivers,large amounts of trajectories of moving objects can be easily acquired.By using moving objects databases,massive trajectories of moving objects can be manipulated and handled for various applications,which makes the study of moving objects databases more and more important.Among the most recent researches,the study space where moving objects travel can be mainly divided into two types,the Euclidean space and the geographic road networks.In Euclidean space,moving objects can move freely.However,under geographic network environment,moving objects are limited to geographic networks and must follow the road regulation.For the latter research branch is much more practical than the former one,this paper concerns the latter branch and focuses on modeling moving objects in geographic networks,which is the foundation of the study of moving objects databases.It has been a hot research topic in the field of moving objects database management and also provides key technology for many other areas such as transportation,location-based services,urban mobility and social computing.Although it is of great theoretical significance and application value,modeling moving object in geographic networks challenges the research community a lot due to network constraints.In this paper,firstly,most existent geographic network-constrained moving object data models over recent decades has been systematically reviewed and classified.The related literatures show that most geographic network-constrained models can be divided into four categories including edge-based network-constrained model,route-based network-constrained model,partition-based network-constrained model and spatial-temporal network-constrained model.Then model characteristics,advantages as well as limitations have been elaborately analyzed,based on which,finally some crucial points on modeling moving objects in geographic networks has been proposed and discussed.


Background. Dysfunction of the sacroiliac joint (SJ) plays an important role in the formation of pain syndrome of lumbosacral localization. Radiofrequency neuroablation of SJ can be an alternative treatment in pain syndrome if intraarticular injections of hormonal drugs are ineffective. Multiple studies confirm data about the significant effectiveness of radiofrequency ablation of nerves innervating SJ for a period of 6–12 months. Purpose of the research: to analyze the effectiveness of radiofrequency neuroablation of SJ. Materials and methods . We conducted a prospective study of data in 48 patients (12 men and 36 women) aged 53 to 90 years, who were treated in the outpatient department of State Institution "Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics of the NAMS of Ukraine". Results . A decrease in pain syndrome according to the Visual Analogue Scale (regression of pain by 3–10 points) was established 12 months after in 83 % of patients. Significant improvement was observed in 77 % of persons according to the results of quality of life assessment (Roland-Morris questionnaire) in 12 months. Analysis of treatment outcomes (by the index of recovery) 12 months after revealed: excellent results in 38 %, good — in 42 % of patients, satisfactory — in 20 % (among them — deterioration compared with baseline was noted in 8.3 % of cases). Conclusions . Radiofrequency neuroablation is an effective method for treating pain in the sacroiliac joint. The effect of the procedure is long-term (more than 12 months), and when relapse of the pain syndrome occurs, it is possible to repeat procedures.


In the article titled "Oropharyngeal dysphagia profile in early versus late stage dementia", published on pages 103–109, Volume 35, Issue 1 of The Egyptian Journal of Otolaryngology[1], the name of the third author is written incorrectly as "sheikhany Farag" instead of "Heba Mahmoud Farag".


This article aims to discuss the political relations between the group gathered around the newspaper O Estado de S. Paulo and the authoritarian government of Getulio Vargas opened in November 1937, at a time when Europe was divided between totalitarian countries, of left and right, and liberal democratic.


The paper aims to analyze the results of works published between 1996 and 2015 on project management in Library and Information Science. Analysis of this management technique examines information provided by the database LISTA (Library, Information Science & Technology Abstracts). In this initial approach to the subject, the analysis focuses on the following indicators: production trends, authorship of the work-source (collaboration, productivity and gender), typology of documents, language, and production per publication, as well as institutional and geographical origin of authors.


According to the design require of wetland design must meet many subjects combining,advanced by the urban wetland park trail edition principle,base upon the structure and characters of wetland,and by analyzing the relations between each discipline and the urban wetland design.Proposed the holistic design thinking method,preliminary construct the new idea of urban wetland design.


In this paper we present a time-domain notion of moments for a class of single-input, single-output nonlinear systems in terms of the evolution of the output of a generalized signal generator driven by the nonlinear system. We also define a new notion of moment matching and present a family of (nonlinear) parametrized reduced order models that achieve moment matching. We establish relations with existing notions of moment for nonlinear systems, showing that the newly derived and the existing families of reduced order models that achieve nonlinear moment matching, respectively, are equivalent. Furthermore, we compute the reduced order model that matches the moments at two chosen signal generators (one exciting the input of the system and another driven by the system), simultaneously. We also present a family of models computed on the basis of a nonlinear extension of the Petrov-Galerkin projection that achieve moment matching. Finally, we specialize the results to the case of nonlinear, input-affine systems.


The human impetus to mark—to leave a sign of one's passage — runs deeply, in all time periods and in all cultures. The focus in this paper is on Louisbourg, one-time French colonial stronghold and current Canadian national historic site. The first efforts at Louisbourg were forward-looking initiatives made in the eighteenth century. The late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries witnessed the development of a reflective type of commemoration. The last four decades of the twentieth century ushered in a massive project to literally re-create a significant portion of the original French town. The thread running through the three centuries is the human need to mark what we are doing, what we have done, and what we will do. . ^ . • . ' ' • • . . ' • ' • • Objects and structures that have a marking quality are those that go beyond purely functional uses. At least part of their raison d'etre — and in some cases it is the primary objective — is to make a deliberate intellectual or emotional impact on those who behold them. Such a characterization includes everything from street grafitti to commissioned architecture to the earnest plaques put up by local heritage societies. Despite the breadth, let us accept the definition for the moment to see if marking is a concept that helps illuminate human behaviour. Of the countless places on the Canadian landscape that have been marked, the focus in this paper is on a place that has been at the centre of my personal research interests for over twenty years. This is the one-time French colonial stronghold and current Canadian national historic site at Louisbourg. Nearly three centuries have elapsed since the harbour was d'histoire de la culture materielle 50 (automne 1999)


RNA was extracted from 100 mg fresh leaf material using the RNeasy Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen). RT-PCR was carried out using the Vid primers of Verhoeven et al. (2004) and the pCLVd4 and pCLVdR4 primers of Spieker (1996) with the OneStep RT-PCR Kit (Qiagen). An isolate of CLVd (9389007481), kindly provided by J.Th.J. Verhoeven, was used as positive control. A product of the expected size (c. 350 bp) was obtained from all three Gloxinia species and was subsequently sequenced. A BLAST search in the NCBI GenBank confirmed all three samples to be CLVd. However, as the sequences indicated presence of more than one genotype in the three Gloxinia species, the PCR products were cloned using the Stratagene TM


There are over 48,000 Australian children currently in out-of-home care (OOHC). Journalist Mykeala Campanini explores why a majority of these children are struggling to reach national literacy and numeracy benchmarks, which puts them at risk of becoming disengaged with schooling, resulting in lifelong disadvantage.


In the study, superconducting properties of -x(sub)Ca(sub)1+x(sub)O(sub)8+d (x(sub)L=0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2) films prepared by the LPE method was investigated. The peak decompositions of Sr3d and Ca2p XPS spectra, together with the EPMA results, elucidated the occupancies of Bi, Sr and Ca atoms on the SrO- and Ca-layers. The lattice parameter c monotonically increased with increasing x(sub)L for x(sub)L0.2. The superconducting critical temperature T(sub)c showed a maximum value around x(sub)L=0.1. The x(sub)L dependence of the superconducting critical temperature T(sub)c and the lattice parameter c are explained by the changes of the excess oxygens in the BiO-layer. Since distribution and deficiency of the atoms in SrO-layer have influenced on superconducting properties and crystal structure.


The concept of strongly quasi-Lindelf space is introduced by strongly quasi-open sets in this paper,which is a kind of extension of strongly quasi-compact space. Some properties of this kind of spaces and their subspaces and sum spaces are discussed. It is proved that the strongly quasi-Lindelf space is strongly quasi-closed hereditary and the strongly quasi-Lindelf space has strongly quasi-homomorphic invariability.


A photoacoustic microscopy system was created and examined for biological tissue. Characterization of microphone, laser, and motor stepper was done to get the most appropriate setting for the system. The object table is set in a static state in the scanning process while the radiation sources and detector move in the X-Y direction. The hardware components in this system consist of photoacoustic signal generation components, mechanical components, and photoacoustic signal detection components. The hardware components are integrated and controlled by the computer through the Raspberry-pi microcomputer software. The characterization results of the photoacoustic image system obtained the optimum system setting for detecting biological tissue, namely the frequency of the diode laser in the range of 19 kHz with a duty cycle of 30%, with a minimum motor shift of 0.2 mm. This system can image the same biological tissue as the original sample with good image contrast. The smallest sample that can be scanned is 0.75 mm. The photoacoustic penetration depth is 0.5 mm.


This work presents a model for the simulation of plasmatic transmembrane ionic transport that may be exposed to a static gradient magnetic field. The simulation was carried out using the Monte Carlo method to simulate the transmembrane cell transport of five types of ions and obtain observables such as membrane potential, ionic current, and osmotic pressure. To implement the Monte Carlo method, a Hamiltonian was used that includes the contributions of the energy due to the cellular electric field, the electrostatic interaction between the ions, the friction force generated by moving the ion in the center and the contribution given by subduing a cell to a magnetic field gradient. The input parameters to carry out a simulation are the intra and extracellular concentrations of each ionic species, the length of the extracellular medium, the number of Monte Carlo steps (MCS) and the value of the magnetic gradient. The model was validated contrasting it with Gillespie's algorithm to obtain variations less than 3 % in terms of membrane potential. The Monte Carlo Method combined with the Metropolis algorithm were considered for recreating the stochastic behavior of ion movement.


The article is devoted to peripheral components of non-verbal discourse to quantifiers and their verbalizators. In the structure of non-verbal discourse quantifiers denote quantitative and qualitative meaning augments, which are represented by core and central discourse components and work as objective signs of its relay ability.


Through investigation and expert interview,a survey was conducted on the sports injuries of 142 student volleyball players in middle schools and universities.It was revealed that their injuries were mostly in their waists,shoulders,ankles,knees and elbows;the frequency of sports injury was the highest followed by competitive injury as the second in sports training. The main causes of sports injury were insufficient preparation,unqualified technique movements,over-exercise of certain part of body and poor sports facilities.It was proposed that before training stresses should be laid on the preparation quality,the basic movement training,recovering training and improving sports facilities.


9-anilinoacridine derivatives are inhibiting DNA topoisomerase II (topoII) due to the ability of acridine nucleus to intercalate into DNA base pair. In this study, the identification of potential ligands from chalcone substituted 9-anilinoacridines targeted against topoisomerase-II (1ZXM) by molecular modelling and docking studies using Schrodinger suit-2013 Maestro 9.3 version. Insilco ADMET screening also performed by qikprop module of Schrodinger suit. The binding affinity of the designed molecules towards topoisomerase-II (1ZXM) was determined based on the GLIDE score due to various interactions with aminoacids. Many of the designed compounds showed strong hydrogen bonding interactions, hydrophobic interactions and other parameters could also explain their potency to inhibit topoisomerase-II (1ZXM). The chalcone substituted 9-anilino acridine derivatives 1a1x have significant binding affinity with Glide score in the range of -5.88 to -7.50 when compared with the standard ledacrine (-5.24). The insilico ADMET screening of these compounds also performed and the values of all the properties are within the recommended values. So this work is useful to further synthesis of all the compounds for their cytotoxic activities against topoisomerase II.


QCD is the fundamental theory to describe the strong interaction, where quarks and gluons have the color degrees of freedom. However, a single quark or gluon can not be separated out and all observable particles are color singlet states. Color confinement or quark confinement conjecture can be proved by considering not only the strong interaction but also the electroweak interaction which is $SU(3)_c$ invariant. Any measurable state has to be color singlet is the direct consequence of the common symmetry of the standard model. Color non-singlet objects are created from the big bang when the interaction breaks $SU(3)_c$ symmetry based on the nonlocal Lagrangian. There is nearly no interaction between colored objects and color singlet universe when the momentum transfer is not large enough. Colored objects are reasonable candidates of dark matter and the missing of anti-matter in the universe can also be easily explained. Dark matter can be produced in the laboratory which can be tested by measuring the energy loss and baryon number change in the extremely high energy collisions of particles and anti-particles.


To reveal if CS induces MIC‐1 production to compromise lung innate immunity [e.g., human β‐defensin 2 (hBD2)] in airway epithelial cells.


Acetylacetonato(norbornadiene)rhodium(I) reacts with 2 mol. equiv. of hexafluorobut-2-yne to give a complex in which one molecule of the acetylene links the diene to the rhodium via a rhodiacyclopentene ring; however, hexafluorobut-2-yne and chloro(norbornadiene)rhodium(I) dimer give a tetramer, [RhCl(norbornadiene)(C4F6)]4, which is shown by X-ray studies to contain a novel homo-Diels–Alder adduct of the diene and the acetylene.


In Cloud, virtualization technology is employed to integrate physical machines into a virtual resource pool to control resources in centralized manner. Recent work considers various strategies with only taking into account only one specific problem of task scheduling without considering the other related problems. Provisioning customer applications in the Cloud while maintaining the application's required quality of service and achieving resource efficiency with power consumption issues are still open research challenges in Cloud computing. Hence, by considering other related problems of the task scheduling while schedule tasks can improve the resource utilization, fault tolerance, energy saving and throughput of the Cloud system. In this paper, we proposed an integrated task scheduling algorithm that takes into account the issues such as VM management and Datacenter management. This algorithm is implemented on CloudSim platform and the obtained experimental results show that the proposed algorithm runs efficiently, reducing the average execution time, average waiting time of tasks and improving the throughput of the Cloud system. The proposed algorithm can be easily integrated with Virtual Machine management strategies and is fault tolerant and can efficiently deal with energy consumption problem.


In this article, schemes of numerical stabilisation for a thermal multiphase Lattice Boltzmann Method are presented. As the model used is fully described in [6], it has been found unworth to re-introduce it in this work. In this paper, we give techniques to widen its compatibility range. Application to real thermal flow using LBM is usually limited to low value for Reynolds and Péclet numbers if the simulation is to be completed with reasonable computational ressources. Furthermore, the Prandtl number has to be kept close to unity. Similar problems occur when components have different viscosities. A new method that uses a percomponent grid with two seperate lattices for dynamics and thermal equations is introduced. Different grid resolutions should be used when components have important differences in viscosity, as well as when a component has higher Prandtl number. In order to keep reasonable need in computational resources, dynamic mesh refinement is used, and validated in the case of the increase of Reynolds number for isothermal case. The effect of the improved lattice on numerical stability and accuracy of the results are discussed. The decrease in need for computational resources is shown. A comparison between multiple relaxation scheme and single relaxation is shown, in terms of atteignable Reynolds number.


The 21st century physics educators are expected to have 21st century skills, one of which is having life and career skills. One of the life skills assets is professional entrepreneurship. This study aimed to 1) determine the profile of students' critical thinking skills in innovating problem-solving during physics entrepreneurship course and 2) determine students' responses about critical thinking skills in innovating problem solving.  This research conducted using preliminary research methods with data collection techniques in the form of description test instrument that filled out by students, and student questionnaires instrument. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively qualitatively.  The study was conducted on 30 students of department of physics education at a university in the city of Palangkaraya.  The results showed that all aspects of critical thinking skills (Facione's version) that were measured, namely the ability to interpret, analyze, evaluate, inference, explain, and self-regulation were on average in the low category (56.9%).   Students gave agreed (A) to very agreed (VA) responses to the implementation of learning that applied critical thinking skills in innovating to solve problems. These results can be concluded that the students have very limited critical thinking skills in solving entrepreneurial problems, so that efforts are needed to improve students' critical thinking skills in solving entrepreneurial problems, one of which is by developing a learning model that can be applied to physics entrepreneurship course which hopefully can improve critical thinking skills of physics education students.


The silicon oxide growth in narrow spacing is affected by the compressive stress present in the oxide and a reduction of the growth rate (field oxide thinning) can occur. In this work it is shown that the stress present in the growing oxide under the oxidation mask induces a field oxide thickening phenomenon which is able to reduce the field oxide thinning one. Furthermore, the comparison between wet and dry oxidation points out the influence of the ammonia in developing the field oxide thinning.


PROBLEM: Histamine induces a Th2 shift. As successful allopregnancy is characterized by a peripheral Th2 dominance, we investigated the role of histamine in reproduction.


The $\beta$-ensembles of random matrix theory with classical weights have many special properties. One is that the loop equations specifying the resolvent and corresponding multipoint correlators permit a derivation at general order of the correlator via Aomoto's method from the theory of the Selberg integral. We use Aomoto's method to derive the full hierarchy of loop equations for Laguerre and Jacobi $\beta$ ensembles, and use these to systematically construct the explicit form of the $1/N$ expansion at low orders. This allows us to give the explicit form of corrections to the global density, and allows various moments to be computed, complementing results available in the literature motivated by problems in quantum transport.


China and western countries have many differences in background of putting forward scientists' social responsibility,approaches of performing scientists' social responsibility,measures of training scientists' social responsibility.In China,scientists' social responsibility is concerned because there are more and more activities of transgressing scientific morality.Scientists construct self-discipline system of morality to perform social responsibility,and develop scientific conscience to strengthen social responsibility consciousness in China.While in western countries,scientists' social responsibility is concerned because of the negative affects caused by science.Scientific communities lay down rules to regularize scientists' behavior and specialized agencies cultivate scientists' ethical and responsible consciousness in western countries.It can be found that Chinese ethics of science and technology still belongs to academic ethics.


In the present single case study the reactions of a severely mentally handicapped adult with autistic behavior to simple instructions were investigated; in each case with and without gestural facilitation. This procedure was varied with regard to persons and to situations. The correct following of requests as well as special behavior such as uncertainty, smiling, delay of reactions and enthusiasm was registered and analyzed by videotape.


Extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) has a significant positive effect to accelerate chronic wound healing. This study investigated whether the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)–related pathway has involved in ESWT enhancement of diabetic wound healing. A dorsal skin defect (area, 6 × 5 cm) in a streptozotocin‐induced diabetes rodent model was used. Thirty‐two male Wistar rats were divided into four groups. Group I consisted of nondiabetic control; group II, diabetic control without treatment; group III, diabetic rats received ESWT; and group IV, rats received Avastin (a VEGF monoclonal antibody) on day 0 (post‐wounding immediately) to day 7 and ESWT on day 3 and day 7. The wound healing was assessed clinically. The VEGF, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and Ki‐67 were analyzed with immunohistochemical staining. The mRNA expression of mitogen‐activated protein kinase–related genes was measured by real‐time quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. The results revealed wound size was significantly reduced in the ESWT‐treated rats as compared to the diabetic control (p < 0.01). The positive effect of ESWT‐increasing wound healing was significantly suppressed in pretreatment of the Avastin group. Histological findings revealed significant increase in neo‐vessels in the ESWT group as compared to the control. In immunohistochemical stain, significant increases in VEGF, eNOS, and Ki‐67 expressions were noted in the ESWT group as compared to that in controls. However, Avastin suppressed the shockwave effect and down‐regulation of VEGF, eNOS, and Ki‐67 expressions in the Avastin‐ESWT group as compared to that in the ESWT alone group. We found that highly mRNA expression of Kras, Raf1, Mek1, Jnkk, Jnk, and Jun at early stage in the ESWT group, as compared to the diabetic control. These evidences indicated treatment with multiple sessions of ESWT significantly enhanced diabetic wound healing associated with increased neovascularization and tissue regeneration. The bio‐mechanism of ESWT‐enhanced wound healing is correlated with VEGF and mitogen‐activated protein kinase–mediated pathway.


JAMES, SHARON L., and MILLER, JON F. Children's Awareness of Semantic Constraints in Sentences. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1973, 44, 69-76. Children's awareness of selection restriction rules in sentences was investigated in 2 groups of children, 4-8 to 5-3 years and 6-8 to 7-3 years of age. The 32 children were asked to identify anomalous and meaningful sentences as either "silly" or "okay." Information about the Ss' use of selection restriction rules was acquired by having them convert the anomalous sentences into meaningful ones. Analysis of the Ss' responses on the 2 tasks indicates that both 5and 7-year-old children are capable of distinguishing between anomalous and meaningful sentences although 7-year-olds demonstrate greater awareness of selection restriction rules. 7-year-old children are more proficient than 5-year-olds at using selection restriction rules in sentence production.


This work presents a theoretical investigation of a simple yet novel photonic crystal fiber (PCF) biosensor, which utilizes principle of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect. The numerical characterization was done using the finite element method (FEM) through COMSOL Multiphysics software. As the active plasmonic material Indium tin oxide (ITO) is used at the outer surface of the PCF-based biosensor. The air-holes orientation within the PCF resembles the shape of "X", which is designed to enhance the phase matching between the core-guided mode and the plasmonic mode. The operating region of the sensor is near-infrared (1400 – 2000 nm), for the analyte refractive index range between 1.32 and 1.36. Wavelength sensitivity of 12,000 nm/RIU and amplitude sensitivity of 231 RIU−1 is achieved with the high resolutions of 8.33×10−6 RIU. The proposed biosensor is suitable for accurate sensing applications of detecting unknown RI in the field of biological analyte detections.


Listening is the process of understanding speech in a first or second language. The purpose of listening is to get the information from the sound streaming into the sense of hearing. Listening skill is one of the basic skills and the important skill than the other skill. But, in fact many people or students especially the eighth grade students in MTs NU Mu'allimat Kudus have difficulties when they get listening material. From this fact, the teacher must have creative technique to improve listening skill. One of the technique is dictation technique.
The objectives of the research are as follows: (1) to find out the listening ability of the eighth grade students of MTs NU Mu'allimat Kudus in academic year 2011/2012 before being taught by using dictation technique. (2) to find out the listening ability of the eighth grade students of MTs NU Mu'allimat Kudus in academic year 2011/2012 after being taught by using dictation technique. (3) to find out whether or not there is a significant difference between the listening ability of the eighth grade students of MTs NU Mu'allimat Kudus in academic year 2011/2012 before and after being taught by using dictation technique.
The design of of this research is an experimental research using test instrument. This experiment uses one group pre test and post test design, because it is done in one group only without control group. This experiment is applied to the eighth grade students of MTs NU Mu'allimat Kudus to explore the result of their listening ability before and after being taught by using dictation technique. In this research, the writer gives the students a pre test and the implementation of teaching listening by using dictation technique and the last stage given to them is a post test. The sample are the students of VIII A.
The result of this research indicates that using dictation technique in teaching listening is effective to improve the listening ability of the students. It can be seen from the pre test and post test result. The pre test result of the mean is 76 and standard deviation is 7.681. So, the result of the listening ability before being taught by using dictation technique of the eight grade students of MTs NU Mu'allimat Kudus in academic year 2011/2012 is sufficient. Meanwhile, on the post test result the mean is 83.875 and standard deviation is 8.507. So, the result of the listening ability after being taught by using dictation technique of the eighth grade students of MTs NU Mu'allimat Kudus in academic year 2011/2012 is excellent. The hypothesis is confirmed in the level of significance 0.05 (5%) is 2.021 and the degree of freedom (N-1) = 39 shows that there is significant difference between the listening ability of the eight grade students of MTs NU Mu'allimat Kudus in academic year 2011/2012 before and after being taught by using dictation technique. The result of t0 (12.27) is higher than t-table (2.021). Therefore, it can be said that the Null Hypothesis is rejected, while the alternative hypothesis of the research is confirmed.
The writer suggests for the teachers can use dictation technique as one of alternative teachnique to teach listening material. The teacher also should motivate the students in study English. For students should be able in listening ability and also they should know the meaning of English vocabulary/ the verb because it make the students can understand what the meaning of the sentences. And the last for the further researchers, they can do dictation technique not only in teaching listening but also in teaching speaking, reading and writing.


Quantum Evolutionary Algorithm (QEA) is an optimization algorithm based on the concept of quantum computing and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm is a population based intelligent search technique. Both these techniques have good performance to solve optimization problems. PSEQEA combines the PSO with QEA to improve the performance of QEA and it can solve single objective optimization problem efficiently and effectively. In this paper, PSEQEA is studied to solve multi-objective Optimization (MO) problems. Some well-known non-trivial functions are used to observe the performance of PSEQEA to detect the Pareto optimal points and the shape of the Pareto front using both Fixed Weighted Aggregation method and Adaptive Weighted Aggregation method. Moreover, Vector Evaluated PSEQEA (VEPSEQEA) borrows concept from Schaffer's Vector Evaluated Genetic Algorithm (VEGA) that can also cope with MO problems. Simulation results show that PSEQEA and VEPSEQEA perform better than PSO and VEPSO to discover the Pareto frontier.


A multiple-linear model and high resolution switching scheme are presented to approximate the highly complex and nonlinear behavior of aircraft operating near and within their upset region. The experimental NASA Generic Transport Model (GTM) is utilized in conjunction with Matlab, Simulink, and FlightGear 3D flight simulator software to explore the nonlinear behavior of aircraft during fault scenarios and to create multiple-linear models of the system dynamics through the course of a fault trajectory. It is shown that a switching multiple-linear model system can be used to faithfully recreate the dynamics observed in the nonlinear simulation. Linear analysis techniques are also employed to explore the controllability of the system at various points throughout the fault scenario and to illustrate the usefulness of the multi-linear model.


Managing the effects of tumor motion during radiation therapy is critical to ensuring that a robust treatment is delivered to a cancer patient. Tumor motion due to patient breathing may result in the tumor moving in and out of the beam of radiation, causing the edge of the tumor to be underdosed. One approach to managing the effects of motion is to increase the intensity of the radiation delivered at the edge of the tumor—an edge-enhanced intensity map—which decreases the likelihood of underdosing that area. A second approach is to use a margin, which increases the volume of irradiation surrounding the tumor, also with the aim of reducing the risk of underdosage. In this paper, we characterize the structure of optimal solutions within these two classes of intensity maps. We prove that the ratio of the tumor size to the standard deviation of motion characterizes the structure of an optimal edge-enhanced intensity map. Similar results are derived for a three-dimensional margin case. Furthermore, we extend our analysis by considering a robust version of the problem where the parameters of the underlying motion distribution are not known with certainty, but lie in pre-specified intervals. We show that the robust counterpart of the uncertain 3D margin problem has a very similar structure to the nominal (no uncertainty) problem.


Hadronic interaction models There are several hadronic interaction models commonly used to simulate air showers. For high energy interactions ( Elab & 100 GeV), the models studied here are EPOS 1.6 [2,3], QGSJET 01 [4], QGSJET II [5,6], and SI BYLL 2.1 [7–9]. The physics models and assumptions are discussed in, for example, [10]. All the high-energy interaction models reproduce accelerator data reasonably well but pred ict different extrapolations above Ecms ∼1.8 TeV (Elab ∼ 1015 eV) that lead to very different results at high energy [11,12 ]. The situation is different at low energy where several measurem ents from fixed target experiments are available [13]. There one of the main problems is the extr apolation of measurements to the very forward phase space region close to the beam direction a nd the lack of measurements of pion-induced interactions. Both HERA and LHC can help to con strain these models.


Behavior of K-Pop fans in grade  science 3 of  State Boarding Aliyah 2 Gresik, leads to behaviour of fanaical fans. The purpose of this research is to know the effectiveness of rational emotive behavior counseling with a pre-test post- test one group design. The instrument of this research is questionnaire of idol fanatiscm for K-Pop fans. The subject of this research is 3 K-Pop fans students from grade  science 3 who have a high level of fanatiscm, based on the pre-test result. Analysis technique that used in this research is paired sample t test. Based on calculation, obtained Asmp. Sig (2 tailed) = 0,015. According to the basic of decision,  accepted if Asmp. Sig (2 tailed) < 0,05. Because of Asmp. Sig 0, 015 < 0,05, the   accepted, and that means there is a difference between before and after of rational emotive behavior counseling implementation. So, it can be concluded that counseling rational emotive behavior with cognitive disputation technique is effective for reduce idol fanaticism of K-Pop fans students.


Language teachers in general recognize the pedagogic value of producing foreign language plays, but often feel that their inexperience makes the venture questionable. For those language teachers who would be tempted to produce a play if they knew more about the particular problems involved, here are some hints derived from our experience of the past ten years as an amateur director, during which time we have had the opportunity to present a variety of German productions from simple one-act plays to the rather imposing Jedermann of Salzburg fame. With a foreign language play it is of utmost importance that the scope of the undertaking be realized at the outset, for here the director is faced with the dual task of imparting both acting and language skills. This means that, given equal conditions, he is confronted with nearly twice the amount of work of the native-language drama coach. With less equipment and experience, which is the usual situation, he faces an even more difficult task. But this should be no reason to despair. It merely suggests the wisdom of restricting the ultimate goal. In view of the circumstances, the realistic director will concentrate on the realization of the basic objective, which is a stimulating, living use of the foreign medium, and pay only minor attention to the developing of acting and staging skills. In other words, he will strive frankly for an entertaining amateur performance and no more. Most audiences are happy to judge a foreign language play in these limited terms. Of course, if a director has the good fortune to have a school theater at his disposal and language coaches and a strong drama department willing to help him, as we have had at the University of North Carolina, he may well aspire to a reasonably polished, well-staged performance. But if he is lacking in some of these facilities, he should content himself with less polish and a less lavish production. Youth still possesses imagination, and a bit of invention can substitute for expensive costuming and props. After all, the Shakespearian stage did without Hollywood pomp. Let us assume that you, the incipient director, have considered


The Revival of criminology as a formal discipline in the Soviet Union is raising anew the old Marxist problem of the effect of the environment on the individual. For thirty years following the abolition of the OGPU's Institute for Studying Crime and the Criminal there had been no research facility devoted to studying the causes of crime. Then in 1964 the USSR Public Prosecutor's Office transformed its existing crime-detection research center into the All-Union Institute for Studying the Causes of Crime and Developing Crime-Prevention Methods (hereafter called the Institute for Crime Prevention). Because of its sponsorship it is rather likely that the Institute's senior researchers have access to at least part of the country's largely unpublished crime statistics, hence that they can speak with greater authority than Soviet crime specialists working in the universities and under the Academy of Sciences. It was also in the same year that criminology began to be offered as a subject at Moscow University Law School, and other Soviet law schools have followed suit. In a society whose ideology asserts that the effect of the environment on the individual is largely known, the effort to isolate particular effects should be of some interest. The assumption that Soviet crime is a product of elements of the capitalist past surviving in the present is strongly reaffirmed by the Institute's director, Igor I. Karpets, and his deputy, Vladimir N. Kudriavtsev. Since by any Soviet definition of "environment" the Soviet citizen is exposed to the socialist present far more than to remnants of the prerevolutionary period, the problem of identifying the "survivals" is coupled with the problem of lack of positive response to the socialist environment by some persons. Karpets seeks these phenomena first of all in the human mind.


In view of the tendency of the undergraduate-crime rising obviously,we took the methods of mass questionaires,separate questionaires and the theme-activities of preventing crime in some universities of North China.Four systematic measures are put forward to prevent undergraduate-crimes.The measures mainly include analytical measures,knowledge-measures,environmental measures and recognizant measures.The conclusion has a universal use for reference and direction to prevent undergraduate-crime in universities.


In this paper, we describes the flow visualization and the image analysis results for the thin layer flow induced by a rotating disk supported by a point-contact bearing, such as a pivot bearing. The visualization images are digitized into a personal computer to obtain velocity vectors maps using a PIV algorithm, direct cross-correlation method. The resulting velocity maps show the strong shear and unsteadiness in the thin layer.


A State Pension forecast tells you how much State Pension you will get from the UK government in retirement, from The Pension Service, part of the Department for Work and Pensions, UK.


Selected properties of HgTe‐CdTe superlattices are re‐examined in light of the new consensus that the valence‐band offset is large. We conclude that while the cutoff wavelength for infrared detectors remains easier to control in superlattices than in the corresponding Hg1−xCdxTe alloy, the advantage is less than was predicted earlier assuming a small offset. The reduction of tunneling noise and minority carrier collection efficiency are discussed on the basis of revised electron and hole masses in the growth direction.


1= Stony Brook School of Medicine, Department of Global Medical Education, Stony Brook University, 101 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8434, U.S.A. 2= European Centre for Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, TR10 9FE, U.K. 3= Department of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, TR10 9FE, U.K. 4= The Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K. §= These first authors contributed equally to this article *= corresponding author: email@example.com, tel: 0044(0)1326259464, fax: 0044(0)1872258134


In this research, the effect of crystalline fraction of polypropylene (PP) on cell nucleation behavior was overcome by an introduction of solvent-plasticized step to the microcellular foaming in a solid-state batch-foaming process. Utilizing the plasticization performance of the solvent facilitated the PP to be foamed at the temperatures lower than its melting point with the dramatic development in the cellular morphology of the final foams. In consequence of the heterogeneous cell nucleation sites induction and the crystalline loss, which were induced by solvent, a high cell density (i.e., 109–1010 cells/cm3) was promoted without the cell sacrificing at the elevated temperatures (155 and 165°C) and favorable PP microcellular foams were accomplished. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008


sport participation, because of their subcutaneous location. All the athletes in this study resumed contact sport within one to 12 months. This time period is dependent on the location of the fracture and the type of implant used in fixation, and is also influenced by the recommendation of the supervising surgeon. Despite the heterogeneity of the sample, the time delay is less than if implant removal was advised before participating in contact sport. If elective implant removal is required, this can be planned for the off season, allowing three to four months for residual screw holes to heal.


Significance: Sc(III)-doped USY zeolite [Sc(III)USY] was prepared by the treatment of H-USY with Sc(OTf)3 under N2 stream at 450 °C for two days. Sc(III)-USY (1 or 10 mol% Sc) catalyzed the Mukaiyama aldol reaction of silyl enol ethers 1 with aldehydes 2 at room temperature to give the corresponding aldol adducts 3 in up to 100% yield (20 examples). Comment: The catalyst was recovered by filtration on nylon membranes (0.20 mm) and reused twice without significant loss of catalytic activity for the formation of 3a (1st reuse: 100% yield, 2nd reuse: 100% yield). In the 3rd reuse experiment, the yield of 3a decreased to 67% owing to the leaching of Sc. CH2Cl2, r.t. 15 min or 15 h ScIII-USY (X mol% Sc)


The purpose of this paper is to determine what motivates generation Z at work. We adopt qualitative research method where we analyze the statements of 317 respondents. Voyant Tools, a web-based text analysis tool is employed. We adopted a three-pronged approach to analyze the data- cyrrus cloud analysis, collocate graph analysis, and principal component analysis represented as scatter plot. The cyrrus cloud analysis revealed the most frequently occurring key words in the corpus- 'work, 'people', 'job, 'money', and 'learning'. This analysis indicates the most important factors that motivate generation Z. The collocate graph analysis revealed major underlying themes of motivation- 'work', 'job', and 'people' to explain how each of these factors motivate employees. Finally, the principal component analysis explains the interactions between these themes- 'work', 'job', and 'people' to comprehensively explain motivation of generation z workers. Implications for theory and practice are presented.


In the late 20th century, a novel mode of historical research and writing emerged and soon acquired its distinctive label, "the new cultural history." By the first decade of the current century, some deemed cultural history to have achieved hegemonic status within the historical profession. Yet recently mounted retrospective assessments of this "cultural turn" have cast doubt on such triumphalist declarations. This is especially so within the field of Middle East historiography, in which cultural history per se has failed to achieve the status of an identifiable sub-discipline on a par with social, economic, or political history. This essay explores possible explanations for this conspicuous absence, focusing on the distinctive history of the Western historiography of the Middle East and the tendency of disciplinary mainstreams to "domesticate" their unruly "children."


. In this study, we investigate the relationship between organizational culture and digital innovation, with a particular focus on understanding firms' abilities to achieve a balance between stability and flexibility. On the background of an in-depth case study of the development of a digital news service in one of the largest media companies in Denmark, we rely on the widely used Competing Values Framework and the Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument to identify the dominant organizational culture as a basis for understanding the challenges of transforming the company by using digital technology to innovate existing product and service offerings. Our study shows that the digital news service and the emerging work practices associated with it were nega-tively influenced by an imbalance towards the control-oriented dominant culture of the company, leading to limited heterogeneity within the innovation network and the digital innovation processes. The article contributes to the body of knowledge on digital innovation by investigating how organizational culture influence a firm's ability to engage in digital innovation. Implications for both practitioners and researchers are discussed. business transformation efforts) organizational culture profiles. As our case study shows, without an understanding of the cultural implications of digital innovation and appropriate planning to manage the associated cultural challenges, organizations are ill-equipped to leverage the opportunities and avoid the obstacles of organizational change.


The Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 (PACE) Codes of Practice C (revised February 2017) sets the statutory provision of an interpreter for suspects detained in police custody in England and Wales. In practice, interpreter determination is reliant upon police officer discretion where they must become linguists (Cotterill, 2000). Determination is therefore liable to inconsistency, inaccuracy, and even prejudice, with clear potential for unjust process. Through a mixed method research design driven by grounded theory, utilising semi-structured interviews (n=9) and an e-questionnaire (n=42), this exploratory research conceptualised the interpreter need determination by Custody Sergeants within the custody booking-in procedure within a medium-to-large sized police force.

The Custody Sergeant's determination was theoretically positioned using the procedural justice model, where more accurate and fairer determinations would be theoretically associated to improved perceptions of empirical legitimacy amongst limited-English speaking detainees and their communities, rather than a solely normative approach through provision alone. Affecting the 'field' not just the 'habitus' (Chan, 1996), the application of procedural justice theory in this way evolves police-minority engagement from the traditional 'take me to your leader' approach (Bradford, 2014), through a cost-effective employment of theory (Myhill et al, 2011).

The interpreter determination was conceptualised by the core concept of 'comprehension doubtfulness', formed of 4 theorised independent variables or dimensions: 'competency discovery mechanisms'; 'competency threshold construction'; 'linguistic vulnerability'; and 'linguistic naivety', each consisting of operational attitude statements. Reliability analysis was used to concentrate each scale. Results showed substantial variance between participants across the attitude items, where attitudes or a lack thereof, are potentially harmful to the accuracy of 'comprehension doubtfulness'. The results suggest limited speaking foreign national detainees, particularly of middling English competency, face an interpreter provision lottery when arriving in custody, meaning they become even more vulnerable to their linguistic vulnerability.

This research makes an original contribution to the literature of interpreter determination within policing, providing a more detailed and operationally tangible framework than the proficiency-demand dichotomies of Valdes (1990) and Cooke (2002). It raises debate and possibilities in relation to future minority engagement through targeted employment of theory and challenging prevailing notions of vulnerability. Findings support the current research theme relating to the ineffectiveness of PACE to increase vulnerability detection amongst detainees (Young et al, 2013).


Abstract:  Objectives: To gather data on current preoperative transfusion practice and postoperative complications in sickle cell disease (SCD) as a prelude to a randomised trial. Methods: A prospective one year survey of 114 SCD patients undergoing elective surgery in 31 English hospitals was undertaken. Results: 43%, 39% and 23% of patients, respectively, received no transfusion, top‐up and exchange transfusion preoperatively. Overall postoperative complication rates were 18%, 26% and 17%, with HbSC/HbSß+thalassaemia and 71% of obstetric and gynaecology patients were not transfused preoperatively, whereas 59% patients undergoing ENT procedures and 83% of hip replacements had top‐up and exchange transfusions respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that having moderate/high risk procedures was a predictor of postoperative complications (OR 4.9 (95% Cl: 1.3 to 18), P = 0.017) while preoperative transfusion was not (OR 1.7, (95% Cl: 0.5 to 6), P = 0.41). Conclusion: The lack of clear benefit of transfusion confirms the need for a randomised controlled trial of transfusion vs. no transfusion in patients with HbSS and HbSß0thalassaemia.


At the global scale, it is estimated that 50 to 80% of continental organic matter inputs to the ocean are remineralized on continental margins. Characterizing their functioning is therefore essential to improve the understanding of global biogeochemical cycles in a changing ocean. The West Gironde Mud Patch is a mid-shelf silty clay area located in the Bay of Biscay (Northeast Atlantic) where sedimentary processes are influenced by Gironde fluvial inputs, hydrodynamics (waves, tidal currents), bottom trawling and bioturbation. All these processes are likely to modify sedimentary organic carbon remineralization pathways and rates. To determine the intensity of these degradation processes and factors controlling their spatiotemporal variabilities, profiles of porosity, grain-size, particulate (reactive Fe and Mn, organic carbon (OC), pigments) and dissolved (O 2 , NO 3-, NH 4+ , Fe(II), Mn(II), SO 42) chemical species were measured at five stations along a cross-shelf transect between 2016 and 2018 (four JERICObent cruises, French Oceanographic Fleet). Our results indicate that the main organic carbon degradation pathways are aerobic respiration and sulfate reduction. Despite a high intra-station variability (from 14 to 75%), aerobic respiration


Calmodulin levels in cultured skin fibroblasts from patients with progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS) and healthy controls were measured by their ability to activate cyclic AMP‐phosphodiesterase. Calmodulin levels were significantly increased in PSS fibroblasts compared with normal control fibroblasts. The changes in calmodulin content of PSS fibroblasts were also assessed by a radioimmunoassay. These findings suggest that an elevated of calmodulin may play a role in the pathogenesis of PSS.


Neural networks extended to complex numbers have been studied. Complex-valued neural networks (CVNNs) can be used for learning geometric mappings in a twodimensional plane. CVNNs can learn geometric structures sufficiently from lower dimensional data. In this study, we consider determining the path of a mobile robot in a twodimensional plane by learning. We introduce learning by using a CVNN for planning the circular motion of a point robot that moves in the two-dimensional plane. We demonstrate the effectiveness by simulation.


According to the World Health Organization de inition, palliative care is an approach aimed at increasing the quality of life of patients and their relatives by addressing physical, psychosocial and spiritual needs and treating conditions early, such as pain while they are coming to terms with a lifethreatening disease [1]. Palliative care services have started a rapid progress in developed countries such as Scandinavian countries, England and Canada since the beginning of 1990 [2].


—Ensuring security in IIoT devices is a big concern where sometimes critical infrastructure related to it, risks are not acceptable. Distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack is one of the dangerous attack which generally come from the application or network layer where effected system and attackers system are connected. An efficient detection system for DDoS attack is important. This paper propose machine learning-based DDoS detection system with Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE) for solving imbalance data problem and increase accuracy. The simulation is done with UNSW-NB 15 dataset over AdaBoost,Logistic Regression, Decision Trees, Random Forest, KNN, Naive Bayes Classifier and achieve attack detection rate higher than 99% with a false alarm rate less than 1%.


This paper introduces the interval continuous-time algebraic Riccati equation A∗X +XA+Q−XGX = 0, where A,G , and Q are known n×n complex interval matrices, G and Q are Hermitian, and X is an unknown matrix of the same size, and develops two approaches for enclosing the united stable solution set of this interval equation. We first discuss the united stable solution set and then derive a nonlinear programming method in order to find an enclosure for the united stable solution set. We also advance an efficient technique for enclosing the united stable solution set based on a variant of the Krawczyk method together with some modifications. These modifications enable us to reduce the computational complexity significantly. Various numerical experiments established upon a number of standard benchmark examples are also given to show the efficiency of this modified Krawczyk technique.


The synthesis of 5-,6- and 7-hydroxycoumarins by dehydrogenation of the corresponding 3,4-dihydro-derivatives obtained by aluminium chloride-catalysed reaction of dihydric phenols or their derivatives with methyl acrylate is reported. The compound previously described as 5-hydroxydihydrocoumarin has been proved to be 3,4,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[1,2-b: 5,4-b′]dipyran-2,8-dione on the basis of spectral evidence and synthesis.


Described in this paper, is a pneumatic logic device which can function as AND gate with Schmitt-trigger. Four sets of bellows are bult in an enclosure with a vent. Two of them, whose movable ends are formed as a nozzle, are connected pneumatically to a constant pressure source through an orifice. The other two sets of bellows have a movable closed end individually and input pressures are introduced in the bellows through input ports provided in their fixed ends. Each one of the former sets of bellows are located on the same axis to one of the latters. The nozzles and the movable closed ends which are arranged as the counterface of the nozzles operate as a nozzle-flapper system in connection with the orifice, and the output pressure changes corresponding to the total value of the gaps between the nozzles and their counter-faces. When either or both of the input pressures is low, the output pressure maintains low level since the total gap remains in a appreciable large value. When high pressure is introduced in both input ports, the nozzles contact the movable closed ends and the output pressure maintains a high level equal to the supply pressure. Because of the positive feedback action of the former sets of bellows, Schmitt-trigger operation accompanies the above logical operation and switching of the output pressure with abrupt slope can be performed.


Variable yields of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) have been mostly attributed to high day temperatures. However, high night temperatures seem to play a major role due to their effect on respiration by affecting the carbohydrate supply for plant growth and yield. Little is known about the effect of night temperatures on the metabolism of field-grown cotton. This study evaluated the effect of different periods (weeks) of high night temperatures on leaf respiration and photosynthesis, leaf carbohydrate concentration, and fiber yield as determined by the fiber weight per seed. Night temperatures were elevated daily for 4 hours during flowering and boll development and their effect compared with ambient conditions. Results showed that short periods of one week of high night temperatures in the field in 2002 and 2003 had little effect on respiration, whereas the longer period of 4 weeks in 2004 caused a significant increase in respiration. There was also no effect of high night temperatures on respiration of plants cultivated under growth room conditions. Photosynthesis and the leaf carbohydrate content were not affected by the night temperature regimes in either environment. There was a significant increase in boll abscission by the second week of high night temperature treatment under growth room conditions followed by compensation. The only component of yield affected by high night temperature was fiber per seed which would suggest less available carbohydrate. Overall, the high night temperatures had some small effect on respiration, no effect on photosynthesis, and resulted in a decrease in fiber weight. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________


In this work, we give definition of fuzzy parameterized fuzzy soft (fpfs) sets and their operations. We then define fpfs-aggregation operator to form fpfs-decision making method that allows constructing more efficient decision processes.


To obtain fundamental knowledge on the development of micro analyses for constituents in water, the discrimination of three varieties of commercial natural mineral water, ultra pure water and deionised water, was attempted using near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. Both the original NIR spectra and their second derivatives were almost identical to each other for these five types of water and it was difficult to discriminate between their spectra visually. However, the use of discriminant analysis enabled the five kinds of waters to be distinguished. Principal component analysis for the second derivative spectra revealed that the independent variables of the discriminant analysis were identical with the wavelength regions affected by ionic hydration. For the discrimination of water, the original spectra were more suitable than the second derivative spectra because the baseline variation of the original spectra had the useful information for the analysis.


Even though it is widely believed that cross-modal neuroplasticity in blindness results in enhanced auditory spatial abilities, a growing number of studies also indicate disadvantages of blind persons for specific, more demanding audiospatial tasks. Here, the effects of blindness on horizontal sound localization were compared for simple localization of target sounds presented in isolation and target localization in an acoustically complex (cocktail-party) situation with multiple distractor sounds. While performances of blind and sighted subjects were similar in the cocktail-party setting, a significant disadvantage of blind subjects was found for simple localization of sound sources presented in the center of the frontal space, with the mean absolute error being more than twice that of controls for targets in the median plane. The latter result could be due to the lack of visual calibration of auditory space, which may, in sighted persons, be most effective in the region of maximum visual acuity. On the other hand, the normal performance of blind persons in cocktail-party localization could be explained by the fact that this task, in addition to genuine spatial analysis, critically involved spectrotemporal analysis of the auditory scene to separate different sources for which superior performance is known from previous research.


The infrared absorption due to excitation of localized vibrational modes (LVM) involving Si impurities in GaAs was measured at 80 K under high‐resolution conditions for 1×1018 cm−3≤[Si]≤5×1019 cm−3. Electrical compensation by Li diffusion or electron irradiation resulted in no observable differences in peak positions or linewidths for those LVM identified as SiGa, SiAs, and pair absorptions. These modes (including the individual lines composing the SiAs LVM) had intrinsic linewidths of 0.4 cm−1 which broadened as [Si] increased. In electron irradiated materials, an absorption band with major peaks at 366.63, 368.31, 369.53, and 370.7 cm−1 was seen to shift to lower energies by 9.9 cm−1 when 28Si was replaced with 30Si. Arguments are presented to suggest that the 366.63 cm−1 peak may be due to SiAs paired with a nearest‐neighbor native defect such as AsGa or a Ga vacancy. In Li compensated material, the isolated 7LiGa LVM was seen for the first time at 449.64 cm−1 as well as several additional unidentified...


Objectives: Assessment of the cell proliferation rate in tissues can be one of the markers for impending malignancy in precancers. The state of activation and the proliferation activity of the cells can be assessed by the frequency of silver stained Nucleolar Organiser regions (AgNOR) within the nuclei which is significantly higher in malignant cells. The present study was carried out to analyze the distribution of the AgNOR in oral leukoplakia (OL) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and in their various histological grades, and to assess if the AgNOR distribution could give information on the malignant potentiality in premalignant lesions and aggressiveness of the malignant lesions. Study design: The study specimens comprised of 35 archival cases, of which 15 cases were of OL and 20 cases of OSCC. The specimens were stained by hematoxylin and eosin and modified silver staining method of Ploton et al. for the Nucleolar Organiser Regions. The specimens were analyzed independently by the two observers and was further statistically analysed. Results: The mean AgNOR count in OL was 2.80 ±0.50 and in cases of OSCC was 5.71± 1.08. The mean AgNOR count in OL cases of mild dysplasia was 2.59 ±0.66, in moderate dysplasia was 2.92± 0.43 and in severe dysplasia was 2.79. The mean AgNOR count in cases of well differentiated OSCC was 5.73± 1.62 and in cases of moderately differentiated OSCC was 5.67±1.19. Conclusion: The mean AgNOR count was higher in cases of OSCC as compared to cases of OL, and the AgNOR counts increased with the increase in the grades of dysplasia indicating a higher proliferative rate with increase in dysplasia.