Throughout Modern period the Spanish Crown increased its efforts to maintain control of the northern border of New Spain. Ambition and imagination led the Spanish people to seek a better life in the north of that frontier. The threat of foreign powers, and especially the nomadic tribes, caused the disquiet of the population and the Spanish administration, which sought alternatives to solve this problem during the Modern period. The most effective was the creation of a network of presidios, a system that was perfected to finally constitute the main instrument of defense, protection, supply and settlement.


A semiconductor memory device is provided to simplify the operation of a data writing/reading circuit by eliminating the necessity for switching a source/drain bias in a writing/reading process so that a reverse reading operation becomes unnecessary. An insulation layer(12) is formed on a semiconductor substrate(10). A semiconductor layer(13) of a fin type is formed on the insulation layer, having first and second lateral surfaces confronting each other. A gate electrode(G) is formed across the first and the second lateral surfaces of the semiconductor layer. A trap layer(17) is formed between the gate electrode and the first lateral surface of the semiconductor layer. A tunnel gate insulation layer(16) is formed between the trap layer and the first lateral surface of the semiconductor layer. A block layer(18) is formed between the trap layer and the gate electrode. A channel region is formed in the semiconductor layer under the gate electrode. A source region(S) and a drain region(D) are formed in the semiconductor layer at both sides of the channel region wherein each schottky junction is formed between the channel region and the source/drain region, containing metal. An interlayer dielectric can be formed near the gate electrode made of a metal layer wherein the upper surface of the gate electrode is consistent with the upper surface of the interlayer dielectric.


A 48-year-old white woman presented with a chief complaint of numerous fleeting episodes of rapid heart rate over the previous 6 months. The symptoms mainly occurred at night and were exacerbated by exercise. They were accompanied by dizziness and dyspnea but not syncope or chest pain. The episodes lasted seconds to minutes and spontaneously resolved. They were significant enough to wake her out of sleep once per night The episodes were becoming more frequent and prolonged. Her review of systems was otherwise unremarkable. Her prior workup included a Hotter monitor, which showed a heart rate ranging from 43 to 107 bpm with a normal sinus rhythm, one premature ventricular contraction, and two premature atrial contractions. An event recorder did not capture any episodes in progress. An echocardiogram was normal. All other laboratory tests were normal. Her past medical history is unremarkable. She has no past surgical history. She has no known drug allergies. She takes lansoprazole 30 mg daily. She uses alcohol socially and denies tobacco or IV drug use. Her family tree is shown as Figure I. Physical examination revealed a thin white female in no acute distress. Temperature was 98.4°F. Pulse was 55 bpm and regular. Blood pressure was 110/70 mm Hg in the right arm and 100/70 mm Hg in the left arm. Respiratory rate was 12 BPM. Weight was 110 lb. The eye, eats, nose, throat neck lung, abdominal musculoskeletal, and neurologic exams were all normal. Cardiovascular examination revealed a regular rote and rhythm, normal point of maximal impulse, a split SI and a normal S2. There was no murmur, rub, S3, or S4. Carotid arteries were 2+ and without bruits. No abdominal aortic aneurysm was present Pedal pulses were 2+. There was no peripheral edema. The complete blood count electrolytes, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and liver function tests were all normal. Echocardiogram revealed a normal-sized left ventricle. The left ventricle ejection fraction was normal at 55%-65%. There were no left ventricle regional wall motion abnormalities. There were no valvular abnormalities. The electrocardiogram (ECG) revealed sinus bradycardia with nonspecific ST/T wave changes (Figure 2). A tentative diagnosis of type 3 Brugada syndrome was entertained. The patient was admitted to the hospital for electrophysiology consultation and testing. A baseline electrophysiology study showed a cycle length of 757 milliseconds, AH interval of 106 milliseconds, HV interval of 46 milliseconds, QRS interval of 64 milliseconds, and QT interval of 359 milliseconds. Non-sustained ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation with a cycle length of 188 milliseconds was induced for 5-9 sec She was given a procainamide challenge with the appearance of an incomplete right bundle branch black ST elevation of 1-2 mm in V 1 and V 2 , and T wave inversion. Later the patient was given flecainide 400 mg orally, and ECGs were done at baseline, 30 min after dose, 60 min after dose, and 120 min after dose (Figure 3). The ECG became diagnostic of Brugada syndrome phase III. An implantable cardiac defibrillator was inserted for prevention of sudden cardiac death. A genetic consult was obtained and blood specimens were taken for analysis. As of the date of publication, the results of the genetic testing are still pending. The ECGs from other family members were obtained and examined (Figure I). Of her six siblings, three had ECG changes compatible with the Brugada syndrome. To date, only the proband had provocative testing done. The family members with typical ECGs were of different genders and ages in this multigenerational family. Figure I illustrates incomplete penetrance in this family. Patients RB6012 and RB6138 are identical twins and do not have Brugada pattem ECGs. Patient RB6012 is the mother of three children. One of her children, patient RB6013, has a Brugada pattem ECG.


To enhance the partial knowledge on blackfly (Diptera: Simuliidae) fauna in Spain it is crucial to collect all the available data on this group to better understand their ecology and distribution over the years. This study presents data from samples collected along the Tormes river basin (western Spain) during the years 1988, 1989 and 1996 and then stored at the University of Salamanca. As a result of a research stay, a total of 19 species belonging to 3 genera (Prosimulium, Metacnephia and Simulium) and 5 Simulium subgenera (Boophthora, Eusimulium, Nevermannia, Simulium and Wilhelmia) were identified after examining 64% of the stored material, representing 35% of the species known from Spain. In addition, 14 species are reported for the first time in 3 provinces in the study area. Further sampling of blackflies is foreseen in the near future in order to check if the blackfly fauna composition determined in samples collected during the last two decades of the 20th century has changed. This aim gains in importance as a consequence of haematophagous species having been found, relevant for both public health and animal welfare, not only because of the discomfort caused by their bites but also because of their potential as vectors of disease-causing agents in animals and humans.


The Cahn–Hoffman capillarity vector thermodynamics for curved anisotropic interfaces is adapted to soft liquid crystalline interfaces. The formalism is used to derive Herring's capillary pressure equation for anisotropic surfaces, where the role of anchoring energy of liquid crystals is made explicity. It is shown in detail that liquid crystal interfaces have three distinct contributions to capillary pressure: (i) area reduction, (ii) area rotation, and (iii) orientation curvature. General expressions representing these three mechanisms in terms of isotropic and anisotropic surface tensions are derived and used to analyze the Rayleigh capillary instability in thin fibers. It is shown that liquid crystal fibers and filaments are unstable to peristaltic and chiral surface ripple modes. The peristaltic mode leads to droplet formation, while chiral modes produce ripples in the curvature of the fiber. The role of liquid crystal orientation and anchoring energy on mode selection is elucidated and quantified.


Acute labour shortage is felt during sugarcane harvesting season In the country. Therefore mechanization of sugarcane harvest would substantially reduce the labour requirement and help in timely harvest of required quantities of cane for milling. Wide rowspacing (150cm) of sugarcane crop is a pre-requisite for mechanical harvest with the presently available machines. Experiments at Coimbatore have shown that to sustain cane and sugar yields at wide rows on par with the conventional 90 cm rows, growing high tillering varieties (Co 6304, Co 8021, Co 86032, CoC 85061) and supply of higher seed and fertilizer rates per unit row length (i.e. uniform rates per unit area) are required. A'dual row' planting pattern was found useful to sustain/improve yields under wide rows.


Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is the most common cause of death during the first 30 days after surgery. There is not any study which critically evaluated clinical guidelines related to VTE prophylaxis in urological surgeries. Therefore, in this study, we decided to evaluate related clinical guidelines using the AGREE II instrument to take a positive step towards improving the care of these patients.


This study aims to test the effect of emotions psychology on collapse of the management strategy - from the point of view of the higher and executive departments - Bajafer group – Sudan , and the importance of studying the emotions psychology within the group, and the effect on the continuity or collapse of the management strategy , through studying elements of motions psychology and the effect on the collapse of management strategy . The research is descriptive-correlative type and a questionnaire consisted of (54) items based on 5-point Likert-scale designed to collect the data from the higher and executive departments.(70) copies of questionnaire distributed but only (85 %) received and valid for analysis . Reliability of questionnaire obtained (0.92) using Cronbach᾽s alpha. The content and face validity of the questionnaire determined through the viewpoints of experts in management departments .The data were analyzed at arithmetic mean, standard deviation, coefficient, factor analysis, Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis by the SPSS software version (16.1). The findings showed that there is a positive significant correlation between the psychology emotions elements (Independent Variable) and the management strategy collapse (dependent variable) , The study recommendations : became of the importance of the findings, they could be applied on the similar sectors . The emotions of employees should be given a due consideration , In addition to The importance of communication with the members of the group if they was agree to the management strategy


There has been some debate as to whether a country can be rebranded because of the popular feeling that a country is something that has a nature and a substance other than that of a corporation. In other words, corporations change, merge, divest, reinvent and rebrand themselves but nations do not change. However, there are some good examples of countries which have successfully branded themselves to create and convey a vivid image of themselves are: "Incredible India" and "Truly Asia" for Malaysia – capturing the essence of these countries. This paper discusses the concept of branding Mauritius, focusing on the central question of what is being branded and whether this is something that we need. For many people, Mauritius has been known by the slogan "You gather the idea that Mauritius was made first and then heaven, and that heaven was copied after Mauritius" (Mark Twain). The new logo and tagline unveiled recently, is based on the mystical mountain Pieter Both and incorporates the four colours of the national flag that symbolize the island"s harmonious diversity. The slogan chosen is: "Maurice – C"est un plaisir" or "Mauritius – It's a pleasure". The new slogan is short and simple, but a lot of criticism has been leveled against it. "It"s a pleasure" may also have negative connotations - implying sexual tourism. Overall, "C"est un plaisir" has also been criticised for being ambiguous and does not distinctly differentiate itself from other Indian ocean islands like Seychelles, Maldives, Comores which may have many similar characteristics. Key challenges and how Mauritius needs to differentiate itself from other neighboring small island states are discussed. More research is needed to establish if the branding strategy has been an effective one.


An extracting method of Cypermethrin and Cyfluthrin in cabbage using supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) was established in this study. It has been found that it was necessary to treat the sample at certain granularity and content of water before they were extracted using SFE. Therefore, the samples must be smashed in existence of liquid nitrogen and appropriate amount of hydromatrix was added. To investigate optimized extracting conditions of SFE, the orthogonal design of 3 factors and 5 levels was designed. The pressure and the volume of CO2 were found to be the most significant factors in affecting recoveries of both pesticides and the dose of modifier affected the recoveries at a great extent. We analyzed the whole 25 treatments synthetically, consequently, the selected extracting parameters of cypermethrin were: pressure 4 000 psi, temperature at 65 ℃, static time with 20 min, dynamic extraction volume of CO2 10 mL, 0.04 mL·g-1 of methanol as static modifier, and methanol as collecting solvent. The extracted samples could be determined without further treatment. The GC conditions were: column temperature: 80 ℃, detector and injection temperatures: 260 ℃, keeping the temperature at 80 ℃ for 5 min , raising rate of temperature at 10 ℃·min-1, equilibrium temperature 260 ℃(12 min), injection volume: 1 μL, carry gas 7 psi, attenuation 8, compensating gas 47 mL·min-1. We got the results: the recoveries of cypermethrin and cyfluthrin were 99.96% and 101.95% , retention time 26.62 min,26.67 min, respectively.


A generation system can only be as good as the data it is trained on. In this short paper, we propose a methodology for analysing data-to-text corpora used for training Natural Language Generation (NLG) systems. We apply this methodology to three existing benchmarks. We conclude by eliciting a set of criteria for the creation of a data-to-text benchmark which could help better support the development, evaluation and comparison of linguistically sophisticated data-to-text generators.


A study on the recent history and current state of the aquifer in the Island of Gran Canaria (Canary Is., 28oN, 15oW) is performed. Though rainfall is scarce on the island, traditional agricultural practices and small population were able to keep the aquifer in a constant state for centuries. Nevertheless, at the beginning of the 20 Century, culture of several water-consuming species was introduced on a commercial basis due to the relative proximity of the Canaries to continental Europe and to the possibility of more than one yearly harvest. This led to generalised well digging (more than 300m deep in many cases) and to the appearance of a chronic hydraulic deficit, as well as to spoiling vastcoastal areas of the aquifer through intrusion of brackish water. In the mid 1960's, coincident with the apex of agricultural exploitation, massive tourism appeared in the scene. This new activity soon became a susbstitute for Agriculture, but it attracted more new labour force to the island, and a fast growth of population was the main result. Moreover, new water use practices entered the scene. As a consequence, the main causes for the aquifer decline are population growth and extensive Agriculture practices in use during the last half of the 20 Century. Some remarks on sustainability issues in order to cope with Climate Change are also offered.


Wildlife law enforcement is the implementation of policies, regulations and laws for the development of wildlife conservation in a country. Since the life of any nation is dynamic, the need to regularly appraise the level of management effectiveness of protected areas on regular basis cannot be overemphasized. Although the intention of any law is not to satisfy the interest of everybody in a nation, however, all problems associated with wildlife conservation should be evaluated and solutions to them articulated based on consensus among all stakeholders [1]


This paper classifies the hydrothermal mineralization of lode gold deposits in North China craton into three stages and summaries the mineralogical, compositional and thermoelectric characteristics of pyrites of different metallogenic stages. It has been stated that the middle stage pyrites, usually called ash-like pyrites, are dark to yellow-green colored,fine to micro-grained, pentagonal dodecahedron-shaped,hypidiomorphically-allotriomorphically crystallized, and roughly surfaced with indecent angles.Therefore,the middle stage pyrites have high surficial energy to absorb gold from the ore-forming fluids, and then have high content of gold. In addition,the pyrites in middle stage show stronger thermoelectricity than those of the early and late stages. Through results obtained from theoretical and experimental studies, it is interpreted that input of trace elements resulted in lattice aberration, electric charge imbalance and thermoelectric enhancement in pyrite. Hence the trinity of the mineralogical, compositional and thermoelectric characteristics of pyrite could be employed as gold exploration indicator.The ash-like pyrites were rapidly formed from a fluid suddenly supersaturated or changed in physicochemical nature. Boiling and mixing of fluids are two most important possibilities.Since the temporal changes in typomorphical characteristics and geneses of pyrites of different stages are entirely in accord with the three-stage model of collisional orogeny, metallogeny and fluid flow (CMF model), the CMF model is employed to understand the developing position and time of ash-like pyrites in the orogenic-type lode gold systems. This provides mineralogical evidence for the CMF model, and shows the accuracy of the typical characteristics established for gold-enriched pyrites. The brittle-ductile transition level of a ore-hosting fault and the transition regime from regional compression to extension are most favorable for fluid-boiling and fluid-mixing,and therefore, are the best site and time to form high-grade gold ores.


The latest flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) device, known as interline power flow controller (IPFC), is the most versatile device used for controlling power flows in multiple transmission lines. When the load on the transmission line is drastically increased the power losses and voltage deviation increase in the system leading to line outages and power system network may become unstable. An algorithm for the IPFC optimal location is proposed in this paper. The proposed algorithm improves voltage stability under the over loaded line outage contingency in a power system network. The transmission line outages are calculated and ranked on the basis of their performance index. The proposed method is tested for IEEE-30 bus system by using MATLab software and the results are compared with SVC device for the same configuration of the network.


Abstract. Despite a conceptual link between the Rorschach Coping Deficit Index (CDI) and a loss of cognitive and functional capacity, no published study has explored whether or how the CDI relates to these characteristics as measured by other neuropsychological test instruments. We examined the relationship between the CDI and neurocognitive abilities of language skills, perceptual organization, memory, and executive functioning separately in adolescent psychiatric inpatients (n = 267), as well as in adults with first episode schizophrenia or severe affective disorder (n = 117), and healthy adults (n = 94). We found a significant link between the CDI and limited cognitive capacity. Impaired comprehension predicted the elevated CDI in adolescents whereas perseveration tendency and impaired delayed memory in adult patients and impaired memory functions in healthy people predicted the elevated CDI. The CDI seems to include neurocognitive aspects, and may reflect persistent deterioration associated with neuro...


Existing lifting networks for regressing 3D human poses from 2D single-view poses are typically constructed with linear layers based on graph-structured representation learning. In sharp contrast to them, this paper presents Grid Convolution (GridConv), mimicking the wisdom of regular convolution operations in image space. GridConv is based on a novel Semantic Grid Transformation (SGT) which leverages a binary assignment matrix to map the irregular graph-structured human pose onto a regular weave-like grid pose representation joint by joint, enabling layer-wise feature learning with GridConv operations. We provide two ways to implement SGT, including handcrafted and learnable designs. Surprisingly, both designs turn out to achieve promising results and the learnable one is better, demonstrating the great potential of this new lifting representation learning formulation. To improve the ability of GridConv to encode contextual cues, we introduce an attention module over the convolutional kernel, making grid convolution operations input-dependent, spatial-aware and grid-specific. We show that our fully convolutional grid lifting network outperforms state-of-the-art methods with noticeable margins under (1) conventional evaluation on Human3.6M and (2) cross-evaluation on MPI-INF-3DHP. Code is available at https://github.com/OSVAI/GridConv.


The method of molecular dynamics (MD) is an increasingly important computation tool in theoretical studies of many molecular systems, ranging from simple liquids and solutions to biopolymers.' This technique involves the direct simulation of molecular motion by a time-step by time-step integration of the equations of motion of the system. In many cases, however, the applicability of this technique is severely limited by available computing resources. For instance, MD treatments of rather modest-sized proteins currently run for less than l ns of simulated time.2.3 However, much interesting biochemistry occurs on microsecond or even millisecond time scales. Large scale parallel computer architectures, in which hundreds or even thousands of processing elements participate in a computation, offer one hope of providing the processing power necessary to help "solve" some of these problems. However, this will only be possible if an efficient parallel algorithm and a matching parallel architecture are known for the problem. Present trends suggest that special purpose architectures may be the best hope for such calculations. Many designs for highly parallel systems have the processing elements arranged in some kind of regular structure (a line, a square, or hexagonal array, for instance) in which direct interprocessor communication is possible only between nearest neighbors. The modularity and regularity in such a system makes it very attractive from a hardware point of view. This is true


This report analyses the serious side effects of rotavirus vaccine with particular regard to intussusception, especially in light of the reasons which prompted the French health authorities to suspend, in April 2015, the previously approved recommendation of universal vaccination. Considering the current scientific evidence and the well motivated guidelines set by other European countries, the authors conclude that there are no reasons at the present time to suspend the universal offer of anti-rotavirus vaccination to infants, since it shows a favourable benefit-risk ratio and it is characterized by an excellent cost-effectiveness profile.


This research is focused on developing learning media of wind power plant. This research was conducted in January 2017 until April 2017 at SMA Negeri 87 Jakarta. This study aims to develop a learning media that is a model of wind power generation as a medium of physics learning to add a direct experience for learners about the conversion of energy, namely the energy of motion into electrical energy. The research method used is research and development (R & D) model Borg and Gall consisting of 10 steps or stages. (3) Product Design, (4) Design Validation, (5) Usage Trial, (6) Product Revision, (7) Product Testing, (8) ) Design Revision, (9) Product Revision, (10) Mass Production. The instrument used is a questionnaire validation. Validation of wind power generation model is done by material experts, media experts, and teachers. The results of validation by media experts 84.89%, material experts 97.2% and by teachers 96.53%, so categorized very well. The result of validation of critical thinking test is calculated by using Product Moment formula, while reliability using Alpha Cronbach. The results of the activities of learners using the media that have been developed can improve the ability to think critically in the category is. This means that the development of media is feasible to be used as a medium of learning in schools.


This study aimed to scrutinize the impact of financial development, energy consumption, industrialization, and trade openness on economic growth in Indonesia over the period 1984–2018. To do so, the study employed the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model to estimate the long-run and short-run nexus among the variables. Furthermore, fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS), dynamic least squares (DOLS), and canonical cointegrating regression (CCR) were used for a more robust examination of the empirical findings. The result of cointegration confirms the presence of cointegration among the variables. Findings from the ARDL indicate that industrialization, energy consumption, and financial development (measured by domestic credit) positively influence economic growth in the long run. However, financial development (measured by money supply) and trade openness demonstrate a negative effect on economic growth. The positive nexus among industrialization, financial development, energy consumption, and economic growth explains that these variables were stimulating growth in Indonesia. The error correction term indicates a 68% annual adjustment from any deviation in the previous period's long-run equilibrium economic growth. These findings provide a strong testimony that industrialization and financial development are key to sustained long-run economic growth in Indonesia.


Abstract Gamma-irradiation of KF. 2H2O and KF. 4H2O crystalline hydrates at low temperatures results in the appearance of colour centres. The characteristics of optical spectra of these centres at 77 °K are: λmax = 475 nm and W 1/2 = 0.58 eV for KF. 2H2O; λmax = 480–485 nm and W1/2 = 0.62 eV for KF. 4H2O. The EPR spectrum of colour centres is an isotropic singlet with g-factor 2.001 and ΔH = 34.5 Oe (for KF. 2H2O at 77 °K). Their yields are low (0.015 and 0.0055 particles/100 eV for KF. 2H2O and KF. 4H2O at 77 °K, respectively). The kinetics of their accumulation at γ-irradiation as well as the kinetics of thermal and photostimulated decay has been investigated. On the basis of the data obtained it has been concluded that the colour centres in crystalline hydrates investigated are similar in their nature to F-centres in alkali halide crystals but differ from trapped electrons in glassy aqueous solutions.


Over 235 million people struggle with asthma. Many patients suffering from a severe type of asthma have a problem with disease control. In this case, basic treatment like high-dose inhaled corticosteroids may not have a suitable effect. With the present level of knowledge about phenotypes and endotypes of asthma, there is a way to customise a more personalised and effective type of medication for every patient. Omalizumab was the first novel type of therapy, and almost 20 years since its approval, it is still one of the most commonly prescribed biologics for asthma treatment. Now, new types of innovating biologics are being invented. This overview presents drugs that are being investigated for treatment or have already been approved.


Bleeding is a main cause of morbidity and mortality in critically ill cardiogenic shock patients, supported by short-term percutaneous mechanical circulatory support (pMCS) devices. Bleeding not only occurs because of obligatory heparin and antiplatelet therapy (both required in the prevention of pump and stent thrombosis) but possibly also results from device-related coagulopathy. Similar to long-term ventricular assist devices, mechanical shear-induced acquired von Willebrand syndrome (AVWS) might further increase the bleeding risk. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effect of left Impella percutaneous continuous flow pumps on the development of AVWS due to shear-induced excessive cleavage of large vWF multimers by the metalloproteinase ADAMTS-13, resulting in loss of high-molecular-weight vWF multimers.

 Between March 2019 and January 2020, all cardiogenic shock patients supported by a left Impella and referred to a single tertiary ICU were studied. Both vWF Antigen (vWF:Ag) and vWF:GPIbR (ristocetin-induced binding of vWF to a recombinant wildtype Glycoprotein Ib fragment) levels were measured by chemiluminescent immunoassays using an AcuStar (Werfen) assay to determine the vWF:GPIbR /vWF:Ag ratio (normal range ≥1.0). VWF multimer analysis was performed by electrophoresis. On-pump analyses were performed 12h after implantation and off-pump analyses 12h after Impella explantation. Patients who died on-pump were excluded because of lack of paired data after explantation.

 Eight left Impella patients (four Impella CP, four Impella 5.0) were analyzed for AVWS. The vWF:GPIbR /vWF:Ag ratio was <1.0 in all patients on-pump (mean±SD 0.68±0.1 versus 1.1±0.15 off-pump (panel A; p=0.0018)) and thus AVWS was detected in all Impella-supported patients. The presence of AVSW was also confirmed by loss of large vWF multimers on-pump (panel B). Four patients (50%) had mucosal bleeds (epistaxis or gastrointestinal), none of them requiring transfusion. The mean rise in ratio 12h after pump removal was 0.35 which was also reflected by recovery of large multimers by electrophoresis (panel B).

 Our data highlight the rapid onset and reversal of AVWS in all studied cardiogenic shock patients, supported by a left Impella pump. The determination of the GPIbR /vWF:Ag ratio with the AcuStar appears a reliable and faster test to detect AVWS as compared to vWF multimers electrophoresis. Further research into innovative pharmacological interventions (e.g. ADAMTS-13 inhibitors) should target pMCS-induced AVWS in an effort to reduce hemostatic complications in this critically ill ICU population.
 AVWS in Impella supported patients

 Type of funding source: None


BACKGROUND AND AIM : Protective equipment, such as lead aprons and thyroid shields, is effective in reducing patient radiation. This study was conducted for evaluation the use of thyroid shields and lead aprons in dental offices, in Kerman, Iran, in June 2014. METHODS : In this descriptive-analytical study, 106 dental offices with active X-ray machines were evaluated in Kerman. The information was recorded on a data sheet consisting of eight questions in three fields of the rate of the use of lead aprons, thyroid shields and taking part in radiation protection courses. Data were evaluated using frequency distribution and chi-squared test. RESULTS : In this study, 12.3% of clinics were equipped with lead aprons but only 5.7% used them for all the patients. Only 10.4% of Kerman Dental Clinics had thyroid shields. Approximately, 9.7% of Kerman dentists had participated in continuous retraining courses on radiation protection. There was a significant relationship between clinics equipped with lead aprons with more job experience. CONCLUSION: The results showed that the rate of the use of lead aprons and thyroid shields in dental clinics equipped with X-ray machines in Kerman is not sufficient and is far from the international standards. Therefore, it is suggested that radiation protection equipment be promoted and oral and dental radiologists be responsible for the use of such equipment in their clinics.


To get the general situation of heavy metals pollution in the vegetables in Hangzhou,this paper detects and analyzes the contents of heavy metals as Cu,Zn,Pb,Cr,Cd and As in the 55 different kinds of vegetables in 30 vegetable bases.The results show that Cu and Cr contents in the leafy vegetables highly exceed the standard,and the contents of Pb in both solanaceous vegetables and root vegetables highly exceed the criterion,too.Moreover,there are also few of allium vegetables exist with their Cr or Cd contents exceeding the standard while the contents of heavy metals are generally low in melons and leguminous vegetables.However,it is not found for As content exceeding the standard in all kinds of vegetables.Therefore,much more concerns should be given about the problem of exceeding standard for Cu and Cr contents in leafy vegetables as well as Pb contents in both solanaceous vegetables and root vegetables in Hangzhou vegetable bases.


INTRODUCTION Outdoor smoke-free regulations reduce exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) and help to denormalize tobacco use. As future key agents in health promotion, nursing students' attitudes should agree with tobacco-control policies. The objectives of this study were: 1) assess nursing students' exposure to SHS in nursing schools, 2) explore their perceptions of compliance with the existing smoke-free regulations in acute-care hospitals; and 3) describe their support for indoor and outdoor smoking bans on hospital and university campuses. METHODS This was a cross-sectional multicenter study conducted in 2015–2016 in all 15 university nursing schools in Catalonia, Spain. A questionnaire gathered information on SHS exposure, awareness of the smoke-free regulation in acutecare hospitals, and support for smoke-free policies in indoor and outdoor areas of hospitals and university campuses. Participants were nursing students attending classes on the day of the survey. We performed descriptive analyses and calculated adjusted prevalence ratios (APR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS Of 4381 respondents, 99.1% had seen people smoking in outdoor areas of their university campus, and 75.2% had been exposed to SHS on the campus (6.0% indoors and 69.2% outdoors). Nearly 60% were aware of the smoking regulation in place in acute-care hospitals. There was widespread support for smoke-free indoor hospital regulation (98.7%), but less support (64.8%) for outdoor regulations. Approximately 33% supported the regulation to make outdoor healthcare campuses smoke-free, which was higher among third-year students compared to first-year students (APR=1.41; 95% CI: 1.24–1.62), among never smokers (41.4%; APR=2.84; 95% CI: 2.21–3.64) compared to smokers, and among those who were aware of the regulation (38.4%; 95% CI: 1.37–1.75). CONCLUSIONS Exposure to SHS on university campuses is high. Nursing students express low support for strengthening outdoor smoking bans on hospital and university campuses. Interventions aiming to increase their support should be implemented.


The Abharroud basin is an important region in archaeological studies of the northwestern outskirts of the central plateau, and the west and northwest of Iran. Considering its environmental capabilities and geographical location, studying the region can leads us to a better understanding of regional relations and also inter-regional interaction between the cultural-geographical regions. During the two seasons of archaeological survey, 257 archaeological sites were discovered, dating from the lower Palaeolithic to recent ages. Of these, 34 sites contained prehistoric remains. Most of the identified sites are the remains of scattered villages and seasonal camps in different areas of the basin, on the plain and also impassable heights.


Since the early days of the ESRF, X-ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism (XMCD) Spectroscopy has been a subject of high priority. The first spectroscopy beamline that was opened to users in 1994 was dedicated to polarization-dependent X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) studies. In fact, this beamline had two branches: a side-branch equipped with grating optics was designed to cover the low energy part of the spectrum (0.4 keV– 1.6 keV), and a straight branch equipped with Bragg optics was designed to cover the high energy part of the spectrum (2.0 keV–15 keV). For six years, these two branches ran in parallel and shared three X-ray beams emitted by two helical undulators installed on the same straight section. Today, ID12 beamline [1] is the upgraded version of the high-energy branch, whereas the soft X-ray side-branch has been transformed into the new beamline ID32 [2] at another straight section of the storage ring. Now is another turning point since, following the ESRF Extremely Brilliant Source (EBS) upgrade, the possibilities for XMCD under extreme conditions are greatly enhanced. In this contribution, we describe the present capabilities and new possibilities for XMCD studies at these two beamlines.


Disruption of adenylyl cyclase type 5 (AC5) knockout (KO) is a novel model for longevity. Because malignancy is a major cause of death and reduced lifespan in mice, the goal of this investigation was to examine the role of AC5KO in protecting against cancer. There have been numerous discoveries in genetically engineered mice over the past several decades, but few have been translated to the bedside. One major reason is that it is difficult to alter a gene in patients, but rather a pharmacological approach is more appropriate. The current investigation employs a parallel construction to examine the extent to which inhibiting AC5, either in a genetic knockout (KO) or by a specific pharmacological inhibitor protects against cancer. This study is unique, not only because a combined genetic and pharmacological approach is rare, but also there are no prior studies on the extent to which AC5 affects cancer. We found that AC5KO delayed age‐related tumor incidence significantly, as well as protecting against mammary tumor development in AC5KO × MMTV‐HER‐2 neu mice, and B16F10 melanoma tumor growth, which can explain why AC5KO is a model of longevity. In addition, a Food and Drug Administration approved antiviral agent, adenine 9‐β‐D‐arabinofuranoside (Vidarabine or AraAde), which specifically inhibits AC5, reduces LP07 lung and B16F10 melanoma tumor growth in syngeneic mice. Thus, inhibition of AC5 is a previously unreported mechanism for prevention of cancers associated with aging and that can be targeted by an available pharmacologic inhibitor, with potential consequent extension of lifespan.


The subject of this paper is the Radio Environment Map concept as a tool supporting localization of transmitters. The main functionality of Radio Environment Map was presented and map construction techniques were characterized. The test scenario for VHF band was described and exemplary maps were compared in terms of the possibility of localization of the transmitter. Then the algorithm improving the accuracy of the localization that is based on selected interpolation technique was presented. Finally, the results of the localization of tactical VHF transceiver were analyzed.


Indonesia is an agricultural country where most of the people work as farmers and still use pesticides to increase their agricultural output. The purpose of this study was to analyze the use of pesticides and pesticide poisoning to farmers in JuharGintingSadanioga Village, Indonesia. This research uses a cross-sectional design. The number of samples of this research were 35 spraying farmers, using simple random sampling technique. Data were collected by interview using a questionnaire and indicators of pesticide poisoning seen from the examination of cholinesterase levels in the blood with a tintometer kit. The data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation test and the Spearman correlation test. Mean of working period the farmers is 23,2 years, mean of spraying time the farmers is 4,31 hours/day, mean of last spraying time is 5,86 day, and mean of cholinesterase level is 7.417,03 U/l, There was a significant correlation between work period and pesticide poisoning (p=0.019, r=0.394), the time of spraying and pesticide poisoning (p=0.0001, r=0.752), spraying time and pesticide poisoning (p=0.034, r=-0.360). There is a significant correlation between work period and pesticide poisoning (r=0.394), the time of spraying and pesticide poisoning (r=0.752), spraying time and pesticide poisoning (r=-0.360) in farmers in JuharGintingSadanioga village.


Limitation of death penalty to intentional homicide is the most difficult issue in the problems of death penalty.Current theories related in China just put forward some specific proposals to the surface issues of death penalty limitation,lacking deep theoretical foundation.This paper attempts to clarify the value orientation of death penalty of intentional homicide crime from the perspective of penalty value theory.It is firmly believed that the deep theoretical basis and rationality premise of death penalty limitation is to ensure that the application of death penalty go in accordance with its existence value.


Ganguli and Crabtree have written a comment about a recent article by the authors listed above on radiation-belt remediation. They have objected to our evaluation of the Naval Research Laboratory's chemical release concept which states that this concept may be impractical due to an apparently low overall efficiency. In their comment, they provide a scientific argument and refer to the published literature to counter our statement. Here, we provide more details on our numerical calculations and experimental results which led to this evaluation.


Among the works of Taras Kermauner, probably the biggest expert on Slovenian drama and its first theoretician, one can also find a single dramatic experiment: a courtroom debate on the value of avant-garde poetry, based on the case of the accusation against the poet Tomaž Šalamun. While Kermauner develops the genre of judicial disputation in a theatrically fitting and interesting way, he undermines the disputation with an anticlimactic, anti-dramatic conclusion that postpones the decision on the matter to another space-time. A closer examination of the text reveals several conceptual inconsistencies that can be better understood as paradoxes. Thus, the five points that might be defined as paradoxical could be traced in the text itself concerning substantive categories such as the essence of art, the meaning of a nation for art, art and Marxism, and life as the supreme aesthetic category, while the last paradox is a more formal one, since the courtroom debate, with its conclusion, does not reach any point whatsoever. Regardless of the sufficiently clear and pointed presentation of the positions of the two protagonists, the Prosecutor and the Defender, Kermauner decides, rather than escalating the conflict to a (theatrical) climax, to dilute the disputation based on the inclusion of the audience and the conclusion that the latter, in its role as jury, cannot decide for either side. The (dis)solution of the dilemma of the (national, artistic) quality of avant-garde poetry is thus left – despite the fireworks of Kermauner's theatrical courtroom debate – to the future and literary theory


This study uses data for 23 countries elicited from the 2010/11 wave of the European Social Survey to examine the stability of social capital as a predictor of job satisfaction at a time of economic crisis. The analysis reveals a remarkably resilient impact of social capital and its constituent components during the economic downturn. However, this resilience is much less pronounced when the focus is on countries where the crisis was most severe, suggesting an economic development threshold below which certain social capital components lose their associational impact. However, religious activity is significantly associated with workers' job satisfaction in these economies, providing comfort during times of socio-economic difficulty. The extent of organizational trust, measured by proxy variables for participative decision-making, has by far the strongest association with job satisfaction. This suggests that employers need to think again about the way they treat their employees to maximize the benefits of social capital and, ultimately, improve the job satisfaction scores of their workers.


Quantitative results for fourteen representative organic molecules are derived and analyzed on the basis of the LCAO MO model and on the basis of the FE MO model. Calculated are, besides the energy levels, the atom populations and the bond populations, quantities defined in a recent paper as an accurate measure of the distribution of electrons.The results of the LCAO MO model and of the FE MO model are then compared, and for the more important quantities considerable agreement is found. The origin of the agreements and disagreements is shown to be different from the one generally supposed.Because of their general usefulness, complete tables are given for the eigenvalues and eige nvectors of the fundamental topological matrices associated with the molecules investigated.


This study aims to analyze the effect of Self-Actualization and Awards simultaneously on the Work Achievement of Teachers of SMP Negeri 6 Tanjungpinang. This research uses quantitative descriptive methods. Data analysis with multiple linear regression with the help of SPSS software version 22. The results showed Y = -4,230 + 0.808 X1 + 0.191 X2 and the value of R2 = 0.722 or 72.2%. T test results on the variable self-actualization (X1) on work performance (Y) obtained

tcount (9,051)> ttable (2,035) and has a significance of 0,000 which is smaller than 0.05. T test results on the award variable (X2) on work performance (Y) obtained

tcount (2,039)> ttable (2,035) and has a significance of 0.049 which is smaller than 0.05. The results showed that the variables of self-actualization and rewards partially

or simultaneously had a positive and significant effect on the Work Achievement of Teachers of SMP Negeri 6 Tanjungpinang. With the contribution of Adjusted R Square of 72.2% work performance is influenced by self-actualization and rewards. Keywords: Self Actualization, Rewards, Work Achievement


The understanding of essence of the "Educational Policy" concept as theoretical and methodological bases of historical and pedagogical cognition of this phenomenon in Russia in the second half of the XIX the beginning of the XX century is presented in the article. The allocated components and features of educational policy allow to instrumentally trace its development in the historical and pedagogical retrospective.


Abstract Background: Street children are considered to be a high risk group for under nutrition especially protein and calorie deficiencies. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the health status of the children aged from 3 to 18 years living in the streets of Kolkata metropolitan city. Materials & Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on 540 street children aged from 3 to 18 years in different 10 zones in Kolkata. Duration of data collection was six months. Body weight, height, dietary intake and health consciousness of the children were assessed in the survey. Results: In total 540 street children of the aged from 3 to 18 years were examined, out of which 331(61.29%) were boys and 209(38.71%) were girls. Low BMI prevalence was 62.40%, protein deficiency was 51.85% and calorie deficiency was found to be 60.00%. Health consciousness and substance abuse had great influence on their nutritional status. (p=0.000) . Conclusion: Health status of the examined street children was quite poor. Reasons for such findings can be lack of awareness regarding diet & hygiene, financial constraints to afford nutritious foods, timely health check up and substance abuse and also lack of nutrient like vitamin and protein.


Seventeen bonnet monkeys (Macaca radiata) were inoculated with reovirus type 3 by oral and nasal, intragastric or intravenous routes. All animals were infected as evidenced by the recovery of virus from rectal and throat swabs up to the 13th or 14th day after inoculation. Urine samples from several monkeys were positive between the 1st and 12th days. Most animals developed a slight rise of temperature during the first two weeks after inoculation. Thirteen developed diarrhea, which usually started between the 3rd and 8th day and lasted 6 to 15 days. A moderate leucopenia also was observed in 6 of 7 animals on whom serial blood counts were done. Serum levels of glutamic-oxaloacetic and glutamic-pyruvic transaminases and amylase did not rise significantly during the three weeks of observation, suggesting the absence of hepatitis, myocarditis and pancreatitis. Homotypic hemagglutinatjon inhibiting antibody response was observed in all animals and there was no heterotypic response of antibodies to type 1 or 2.


The quality of life of a community in a country largely depends on the per capita energy consumption. In developing countries the gap in the quality life of the urban and rural areas is severely affected by the lack of electricity in the rural areas. A large part of the rural area in India is still not connected by grid due to economical and geographical reasons. Decentralised power plants are the only option for electrification to those areas and renewable energy power plants are the most suitable option. However in current scenario the renewable energy power plants have challenges regarding the continuous supply of electricity over a day and year due to the diurnal and seasonal variation of the availability of resources. One way to solve this problem is to store the electrical energy generated; however storage leads to further challenges. The BioCPV project addresses these issues of continuous supply of electricity over the day and year by a smart integration of the different renewable technologies. The project focuses on the technological development and also sustainable development of the rural community through the energy use. One of the objectives of the project is to develop highly efficient solar, biomass and hydrogen energy technologies for rural application and to integrate these technologies. This will be the first even such kind of integration of these three renewable technologies. These technologies will be integrated with an intelligent control system for continuous supply of electricity from this kind of self-sustained renewable energy power plant. The sustainable development targets providing better environment for education, healthcare, opportunities of employment and quality lifestyle through the energy uses. The research output of the project will be demonstrated with a small scale BioCPV power plant in Kaligunj and Pearson-Pally village, approximately 200km west of Kolkata, India. The rural community of these areas will be benefited from this project for a sustainable development; while 45 households will be provided electricity. A load profile for the 45 households and the community services of the locality has been estimated to design the BioCPV system configuration.


Preserving large carnivores that perceive humans as prey brings conservation values into direct conflict with human security. Informing when and where humans and large carnivores occupy the same space may reduce attack frequency and promote coexistence. Here, we demonstrate a methodology to better understand the spatiotemporal relationship between a population of large carnivores and humans. The carnivore of study was the estuarine crocodile Crocodylus porosus, a large semi‐aquatic predator responsible for 705 recorded human attacks over the last 20 years. Crocodiles were captured every August over 3 years and individuals greater than 2.5 m in length were implanted with an acoustic transmitter (n = 84). The transmitter emitted a coded pulse detected when in proximity to underwater hydrophones deployed throughout the river. The telemetry data informed which previously captured crocodiles were present during subsequent trapping episodes and adult population size was estimated using a closed‐population model. Over 3 years, 24 of the tagged crocodiles were detected 269 times moving through a shallow‐water area where humans frequently entered the water. The tagged crocodile presence was extrapolated to the population level to provide a probability of adult crocodile presence across a range of temporal scales. The results showed that between September and December, the probability of crocodile presence within the human entry zone was 0.97 ± 0.01 during darkness but decreased to 0.07 ± 0.01 during daylight, except around periods of high tide when it increased to 0.71 ± 0.02. Human visitors confined their activity to shallow water during daylight hours, but no consideration was given to the significant rise in crocodile presence with season and tide. The observed patterns in crocodile and human behaviour, around this shallow‐water river crossing, exhibited parallels with historical incidences of crocodile attack.


Increased polluting loads are discharged to the tidal Thames at times of heavy rainfall. This can lead to a rapid decline in dissolved-oxygen (DO) concentrations, which, on occasions, has resulted in fish mortality. The problem is caused by the cumulative effect of surface runoff, increased flows from sewage-treatment works, and storm-sewage discharges from the combined drainage of Inner London.

An experimental system of in-river oxygenation has been operated by Thames Water in order to alleviate the problem. This scheme demonstrated that the river oxygenation concept is viable. There was, however, a need to increase the operating reliability of the plant and to provide extra oxygenation capacity. Thames Water carried out a detailed investigation into the various options prior to the acquisition of a new, purpose-built, self-propelled, oxygenation vessel, which was delivered to the River Thames in October 1988.


The practice of turning grass-fat cattle, usually dry cows or yearlings, into a field of mature corn has been carried on in western North Dakota for a number of years. Some advantages in pasturing corn are given. How to determine the best age of cattle for pasturing on corn fields is discussed. Th gains in weight of cattle are reviewed.


In photosystem II, water oxidation occurs at the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC). The presence of a hydronium ion (H3O+) was proposed at the Cl- binding site and Ca2+-depleted OEC. Using a quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) approach, we report the stability of H3O+ in the PSII protein environment. Neither release of the proton from the ligand water molecule W2 at OEC nor formation of H3O+ at Cl- is energetically favorable. In contrast, H3O+ can exist at the Ca2+-depleted OEC. As far as H3O+ exists in Ca2+-depleted PSII, the H-bond network of the redox-active tyrosine (TyrZ) remains unaltered, retaining the unusually short low-barrier H-bond with D1-His190, and the redox potential of TyrZ, Em(TyrZ), remains unaltered. These explain why the oxidation of the Ca2+-depleted Mn4O5 cluster by TyrZ (i.e., the S2 to S3 transition) is not inhibited at low pH. It seems likely that Ca2+ plays a role not only in (i) maintaining the H-bond network and facilitating TyrZ oxidation (tuning Em(TyrZ)) but also in (ii) providing the valence of +2, decreasing pKa of the ligand molecule (W1), and facilitating the release of the proton from W1 in the S2 to S3 transition together with Cl-.


OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study is to determine the resistance patterns of bacteria causing nosocomial infections. The outcome of this resistance was followed for 3 years.

METHODS
This study was carried out during 2000 to 2002 at a university hospital in Turkey. The resistance patterns of 570 bacteria (390 Gram-negative, 180 Gram-positive) against meropenem, imipenem, ceftazidime, cefotaxime, cefepime, piperacillin/tazobactam, ciprofloxacin and tobramycin were investigated using the E-test. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production was determined using ceftazidime and ceftazidime/clavulanic acid E-test strips.

RESULTS
Meropenem was the most effective antibiotic against Gram-negative organisms (89.0%); this was followed by imipenem (87.2%) and piperacillin/tazobactam (66.4%). The most active antibiotic against Gram-positive bacteria was imipenem (87.2%) and this was followed by piperacillin/tazobactam (81.7%) and meropenem (77.8%). The rates of production of ESBL by Escherichia coli were 20.9%, Klebsiella pneumoniae 50% and Serratia marcescens were 46.7%. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase production increased each year (21.7%, 22.1% and 45.5%). All of the ESBL producing isolates were sensitive to meropenem and 98.5% sensitive to imipenem. AmpC beta-lactamase was produced by 20.9% of the Enterobacter species spp, Citrobacter spp. and Serratia marcescens. All of these were sensitive to meropenem and 77.8% to imipenem and ciprofloxacin. Multi-drug resistance rates in Acinetobacter spp were 45.4% and 37.7% in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates.

CONCLUSION
As in the entire world, resistance to antibiotics is a serious problem in our country. Solving of this problem depends primarily on prevention of the development of resistance.


Abstract A zero energy cool chamber (ZECC) has been developed for storing fruits and vegetables from the viewpoints of low installation and operating cost. The inside temperature of the ZECC is cooled by adding water to a sand and zeolite based filler between the brick walls based on the principles of a natural evaporative cooling mechanism. The objective of this study was to minimize the inside temperature of the ZECC by controlling watering operation using an intelligent optimization technique combined with neural network and genetic algorithm. The objective function was given by the average value of the inside temperature for one day. For optimization, the control process (24 hours) was divided into 8 steps, and the optimal value (8-step ON-OFF intervals) of watering was obtained using neural networks and genetic algorithms. In this method, dynamic changes in the inside temperature of the ZECC, as affected by the watering strategy and outside temperature, were first identified using neural network, and then the optimal value, which minimized the objective function, was determined through simulation of the identified neural-network model using genetic algorithm. The average inside temperature for this optimal ON-OFF control was 5°C lower than that for the simple ON-OFF watering for 24 hours, and was also 8°C lower than that for no watering. The ZECC with the optimal ON-OFF watering strategy extended the shelf-life of untreated tomato from 7 to 16 days. Thus, it was concluded that a ZECC optimized by using neural networks and genetic algorithms is useful for storing tomato with no electric energy.


Traditional Chinese medicine is short of scientific and reasonable criterion of diagnosis and treatment in clinical diagnosis for male infertility. The diagnosis method is single,which hinders the improvement of diagnosis and treatment of male infertility. The modern male infertility clinical diagnosis should be combined with the microdiagnosis and macrodiagnosis、disease diagnosis and discriminate diagnosis. Only in this way,can we provide accurate and practical condition data for further clinical treatment and improve the clinical treatment effect.


Swept shock wave/boundary layer interactions occur widely in the internal and external flows of supersonic and hypersonic aircraft. Based on the conventional S-A turbulence model, this study investigates surface arc plasma actuation for regulating swept shock wave/boundary layer interactions at Mach 2.95 to explore the ability and three-dimensional shock wave/boundary layer interactions control method of plasma actuation. First, the flow control effect is explored in terms of indirect control by applying actuation in the upstream boundary layer or in front of the separation line, and in terms of direct control by applying actuation in the separation region. These three methods all achieve clear control effects. Control results show that the first method is more effective in regulating the wall pressure and friction coefficient, and can improve the friction and heat transfer of the wall in a wide range of flow direction and cone direction. The second method is more effective in regulating separated shock waves. The third aspect is more effective in regulating reattachment region. The associated control mechanisms are then refined. The control effects of the first control method depend on the transmission of vortices, those of the second are based on the virtual surface generated by actuation, and those of the third rely on energy injection. Finally, the application scenarios of the different control methods are determined according to the flow control requirements of aircraft and the corresponding control mechanisms. This study provides a reference method for solving more complex three-dimensional shock boundary layer interaction problems.


AbstractThe strength properties of basalt fiber–reinforced biocemented (BFRB) sand specimens with various calcite contents and fiber contents are investigated through a series of unconfined compres...


The stability index of Ryzner and saturation index of Stiffs Davis were used to predict scaling tendency of produced water with high concentration of salinity and calcium ion in the CO2 flooding oil field.Moreover by means of autoclave simulating underground work condition of CO2 flooding,laboratory scaling of produced water in different condition of temperature and CO2 partial pressure was evaluated.The result indicated that produced water has scaling rate of above 10%,and the temperature and CO2 partial pressure had small impact to scaling rate of produced water.The result of specimen surface analyzing by SEM,EDS and XRD indicated there was no forming the complete compact scaling layer of calcium carbonate in specimen surface.


A fully developed Bose-Einstein condensate, containing macroscopically large number of bosons can under certain conditions be considered as a generalized vacuum state. Applying the annihilation operator to the condensate, hole states can be defined. Infinite ladders of such hole states can be considered as generalized coherent states of the creation operator. Dedicated to the memory of V. N. Gribov.


Abstract William M. Dugger's contributions to social and institutional economics are critically evaluated, reconstructed, summarized, and applied to various problems and issues in this special issue. This short paper introduces the special issue and summarizes the papers included here. It explains how Phillip O'Hara's paper merges Dugger's concepts with O'Hara's principles in order to situate, reconstruct, and summarize the concepts. It summarizes William M. Dugger's paper, where the concepts of vesting, entrenching, shirking, and faking are applied to the negative impact of competition on the quality of life and socioeconomic performance of modern capitalism. It describes how Ahmet Öncü applies some of Dugger's concepts to the role of engineers in Turkey through attempts to promote the community's joint stock of knowledge and the common good. It outlines William Waller's discussion of Dugger's concepts of power and hegemony, and the theoretical and methodological contributions Dugger makes to these concepts. It surveys Samuel Rosenberg's paper, which explains the continuing relevance of Dugger's concept of the administered labor market. And it sketches Alexander Dunlap's analysis of Dugger's four invaluation processes vis-à-vis the medical, ecological, and economic anomalies with flush toilet infra-systems. A conclusion follows.


In a study of virus recovery from clinical specimens, cynomolgus monkey kidney cells demonstrated sensitivity equivalent or slightly superior to rhesus kidney cells for siolation of myxo- and paramyxoviruses, adenoviruses, and enteroviruses.


ABSTRACT Neural tensor network (NTN) has been recently introduced to complete Resource Description Framework (RDF) knowledge bases, which has been the state-of-the-art in the field so far. An RDF knowledge base includes some facts from the real world shown as RDF "triples." In the previous methods, an objective function has been used for training this type of network, and the network parameters should have been set in a way to minimize the function. For this purpose, a classic nonlinear optimization method has been used. Since many replications are needed in this method to get the minimum amount of the function, in this paper, we suggest to combine meta-heuristic optimization methods to minimize the replications and increase the speed of training consequently. So, this problem will be improved using some meta-heuristic algorithms in this new approach to specify which algorithm will get the best results on NTN and its results will be compared with the results of the former methods finally.


Using the developed method of combining numerous scattered time series of the same type of measurements into a single weighted average series, according to the data of the GOES series satellites, a single series of daily data was synthesized during the 22nd, 23rd and 24th solar cycles (1986 – 2019 years). The flare and background components were distinguished from this data series, which were investigated by means the method of constructing a composite spectral periodogram for the presence of quasiperiodic oscillations at various solar cycles. Some of these found quasiperiods may be explained by both synodic and sidereal rotation of the Sun, while others coincide with the average lifetime of the solar atmosphere active formations such as the sunspot groups and the facular plages. Special attention was paid to the study of the change over time the revealed quasiperiodic values over the course of solar cycles by calculating the sample normalized spectral density of the analyzed data in a sliding time window with a value of up to two years. Based on the revealed quasiperiodic value changes presented on the dynamic diagrams, it can be concluded that the differential rotation of the solar corona is unstable and manifests itself only at certain stages of the development and existence of solar activity cycles.


The discrete choice literature has evolved from the analysis of a choice of a single item from a fixed choice set to the incorporation of a vast array of more complex representations of preferences and choice set formation processes into choice models. Modern discrete choice models include rich specifications of heterogeneity, multi-stage processing for choice set determination, dynamics, and other elements. However, discrete choice models still largely represent socially isolated choice processes —individuals are not affected by the preferences of choices of other individuals. There is a developing literature on the impact of social networks on preferences or the utility function in a random utility model but little examination of such processes for choice set formation. There is also emerging evidence in the marketplace of the influence of friends on choice sets and choices. In this paper we develop discrete choice models that incorporate formal social network structures into the choice set formation process in a two-stage random utility framework. We assess models where peers may affect not only the alternatives that individuals consider or include in their choice sets, but also consumption choices. We explore the properties of our models and evaluate the extent of "errors" in assessment of preferences, economic welfare measures and market shares if network effects are present, but are not accounted for in the econometric model. Our results shed light on the importance of the evaluation of peer or network effects on inclusion/exclusion of alternatives in a random utility choice framework.


We report a simple, sensitive and low-cost electrochemical procedure for the quantification of quercetin (QCT), a flavonoid and an antioxidant, based on 1-ethylpyridinium bromide modified carbon paste electrode. A 1-ethylpyridinium bromide/carbon paste composite electrode was used. The cyclic voltammogram of QCT showed two oxidation peaks at +0.575 V ( vs Ag/AgCl/3M KCl) and +0.865 V ( vs Ag/AgCl/3M KCl), and a reduction peak at +0.371 V ( vs Ag/AgCl/3M KCl) in HCl/KCl solution at pH 1. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) analysis in HCl/KCl at pH 1 showed three well-defined oxidation peaks while a single peak was recorded in phosphate buffer at pH 3. The peak currents of QCT significantly increased at the 1-ethylpyridinium bromide modified electrode in comparison with those recorded at the bare carbon paste electrode. This allowed the use of adsorptive stripping voltammetry to develop a simple and sensitive electroanalytical method for the determination of QCT. Key experimental parameters such as pH of the supporting electrolyte, the preconcentration time, the electrolysis potential, electrode composition, QCT concentration and interferents were investigated. The current response was found to be directly proportional to the concentration of QCT in the range from 2.48 x 10 -7 M to 7.43 x 10 -6 M, leading to a detection limit of 4.48 x 10 -8 M. The developed analytical method was successfully applied to the determination of QCT in human urine samples.


The performance of high-volume fly ash concrete was analyzed in this paper.There are some problems in this kind of concrete: lower early-strength and carbonation resistance as well as stronger dependence on maintenance system.Some corresponding solutions were put forward according to the available research results.


Objective: To determine the frequency of anti Hepatitis C Virus antibodies in sanitary workers at Military Hospital Rawalpindi and to identify additional risk factors in them for hepatitis C infection. Study Design: Cross sectional study Place and Duration of Study: Department of medicine, Military Hospital (M.H.), Rawalpindi, Pakistan over six months. Patients and Methods: All sanitary workers working at Military Hospital Rawalpindi were tested for anti HCV antibodies by third generation ELISA. Results: Six percent of the study population was found to be positive for anti HCV antibodies. Conclusion: The frequency of anti HCV antibodies is fairly high in sanitary workers, working in this tertiary care hospital studied. HCV infection is more frequent in those sanitary workers who have longer duration of service.


The following citations for research and resource materials focus on California AB 540 policy and undocumented students. Since 2002, AB 540 allows undocumented students to apply for in-state tuition at California's public colleges and universities if they have attended a California high school for at least three years, graduated from a California high school or received a GED, and file an affidavit agreeing to apply for legal permanent residency as soon as they are eligible. In-state tuition creates greater college access, while simultaneously prohibiting the receipt of state and federal financial aid and increasing financial hardship. The abstracts presented examine the legal challenges, arguments for and against undocumented access to higher education from an ethical, economic, and social justice perspective. The research findings offer a point of discussion between policy makers, economists, the public, college students, and administrators.


This paper reports the results of field measurements of wave breaking modulations by dominant surface waves, taken from the Black Sea research platform at wind speeds ranging from 10 to 20 m/s. Wave breaking events were detected by video recordings of the sea surface synchronized and collocated with the wave gauge measurements. As observed, the main contribution to the fraction of the sea surface covered by whitecaps comes from the breaking of short gravity waves, with phase velocities exceeding 1.25 m/s. Averaging of the wave breaking over the same phases of the dominant long surface waves (LWs, with wavelengths in the range from 32 to 69 m) revealed strong modulation of whitecaps. Wave breaking occurs mainly on the crests of LWs and disappears in their troughs. Data analysis in terms of the modulation transfer function (MTF) shows that the magnitude of the MTF is about 20, it is weakly wind-dependent, and the maximum of whitecapping is windward-shifted from the LW-crest by 15 deg. A simple model of whitecaps modulations by the long waves is suggested. This model is in quantitative agreement with the measurements and correctly reproduces the modulations' magnitude, phase, and non-sinusoidal shape.


Abstract : The calculation of the activation energy in the process of delayed rupture of high-strength titanium alloys showed the validity of using the hypothesis about the essential role of vacancies in the formation of nuclei of cracks along grain boundaries previously based on the analysis of the process of delayed rupture of work hardened steel. In the case of plastic alloys of titanium the calculated data of activation energy according to curves of temporary dependence of strength indicate the development of strain aging in the process of testing in a specific interval of stresses low in value. The calculation of the activation energy of these alloys according to the rate of steady-state creep gives smaller values of energy than according to temporary dependences of strength. This is caused by the fact that during the accretion of deformation during creep all three stages of creep contribute in the process of testing for delayed rupture. The calculation of activation energy of plastic alloys of titanium, alloyed with 2.5 percent zirconium indicate that strain aging in those alloys is suppressed at an oxygen content up to 0.25 percent and develop noticeably at an oxygen content of 0.42 percent. (Author)


Generalization of the neoclassical one-sector Solow-Swan model and its modification of Kaldor-Pasinetti type are introduced. The generalization is due to non-constant labor growth rate. Both continuous-time and discrete-time models are derived. Concrete examples with complex dynamics are presented for models with differential savings of the Kaldor-Pasinetti type and Beverton-Holt and logistic version of the labor dynamics.


An extension in scope and directness of the Hesse method for indexing powder photographs can be made by direct solution of linear Diophantine equations. For most cases of tetragonal and hexagonal crystals the extended method demands much less ingenuity than the original procedure. In addition, some tests are devised to determine the crystal class by using Diophantine relations, and by tests for linear dependence of vectors in a linear vector space. The latter method is more general than the former and gives much more information concerning the crystal class.


ABSTRACT Internationally, mathematics education reform has been directed toward characterizing educational goals that go beyond topic/content/skill descriptions and develop students' problem solving. The Revised Bloom's Taxonomy and MATH (Mathematical Assessment Task Hierarchy) Taxonomy characterize such goals. University entrance examinations have been seen as one way of accomplishing these goals and influence learning, teaching, and assessment in mathematics. The present study analyzed mathematics items (N = 1077) in Turkish university entrance examinations in 1998-2013 and objectives (N = 621) in mathematics curricula in 2005, 2011, and 2013 to determine the extent to which they represent the dimensions/categories of these taxonomies and the degree to which items are aligned with objectives in terms of reflecting the dimensions/categories of these taxonomies. The findings reveal that the items demand, to a large extent, automated computational skills; this is also evident in the relevant mathematics curricula. Implications for practice are discussed and could play a role in reforming assessment.


A performance analysis for a heat pump cycle using hydrocarbon refrigerant mixtures of R290/R600a is studied under the condition that constant heat transfer rate of the condenser and inlet temperatures of the secondary fluid are specified as known parameters. It was found that COP of refrigerant mixtures is higher than that of pure refrigerants. Also, cycle simulation with equations of heat transfer is conducted under constant heat transfer area and constant temperature of refrigerant at the heat exchanger inlet. In the case of constant heat exchange area and constant heating capacity, COP and overall heat transfer coefficient for mixtures are lower than those for pure refrigerants. But, the COP of the mixtures is higher than pure refrigerants when the heat transfer area of heat exchanger is sufficiently large.


Present study focuses on lithography evaluation of dielectric and resist materials for panel level fan out fabrication. All experiments have been conducted on Gen 3 (550x650mm) size glass panels. Slit coating and Laser Direct Imaging (LDI) methods has been used for coating and exposure of dielectric and resist materials respectively. In this study, two positive tone photo definable polymer dielectric (PD) materials and one positive tone photo resist (PR) have been evaluated for process ability in terms of coating uniformity and pattern resolution capability. A special test structures lay out with different size vias and line traces of various Line Width/ Line Space (LW/LS) has been designed for these materials evaluation. Slit coating process was optimized and achieved target coating of $7 \mu {\mathrm{ m}}$ thick PR layer and $10 \mu {\mathrm{ m}}$ thick PD layer with TTV of 1% and 3% respectively. Extensive DOE has been carried out to optimize the LDI parameters like exposure dose, focus and laser power to identify optimum conditions for fine LW/LS patterns and smallest via openings on PR and PD layers respectively. Experiment results revealed that fine LW/LS of $2 \mu {\mathrm{ m}}/2 \mu {\mathrm{ m}}$ in $7 \mu {\mathrm{ m}}$ thick PR layer and smallest vias of $3 \mu {\mathrm{ m}}$ openings in $10 \mu {\mathrm{ m}}$ PD layers can be achieved using optimized LDI process. The detailed process parameters optimization and material evaluation results have been reported in the subsequent sessions of this paper.


The ELISA of using antigen of Non-structural protein 3AB in foot-and-mouth disease virus can be used for differentiation of infection from vaccination. The 3AB gene fragment amplified by RT-PCR from the template of 3ABC gene fragment was inserted into pET32а. The recombinant plasmid pET3AB was transferred into BL21(DE3) plysS and the Target protein and then was induced by IPTG. The SDS-PAGE and Western blot results showed the recombinant plasmid pET3AB was constructed successfully and the NS-3AB was expressed strictly, the ELISA result indicated that the NSP-3AB can be used as antigen to differentiation FMDV-infected from vaccinated pig and cattle.


Objective
To analyze the effect of modified pneumoperitoneum laparoscopic hernial sac high ligature on the bleeding volume and complications in children with indirect inguinal hernia.

Methods
From January, 2018 to June, 2019, 150 children with indirect inguinal hernia treated in our hospital were randomly divided into a control group (n=75) and an observation group (n=75). The control group was treated with traditional surgical methods, and the observation group with modified pneumoperitoneum laparoscopic hernial sac high ligature. The related surgical indicators and complications were compared between these two groups.

Results
The operation time, hospital stay, and bleeding volume were (27.85±1.01) min, (2.98±0.05) d, and (2.37±0.13) ml in the observation group, which were better than those in the control group (t=43.769, 42.635, and 42.645, all P<0.05). The incidence of complications, such as serum swelling, incision infection, and scrotal effusion, was lower in the observation group than in the control group (5.33% vs. 17.33%; χ2=5.374, P=0.020).

Conclusion
Modified pneumoperitoneum laparoscopic hernial sac high ligature in children with indirect inguinal hernia can significantly shorten the operation and hospitalization time, effectively reduce the amount of intraoperative blood loss, and greatly reduce the incidence of scrotal fluid, serum swelling, and incision infection. It is worth being popularized in clinic.

Key words:
Indirect inguinal hernia; Hernia capsule high ligature; Laparoscopy; Bleeding volume; Complications


Liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) has been recently explored extensively to make diverse active structures and devices. Depending on synthetic process, LCE can be made either polydomain or monodomain when ambient temperature is below isotropic clearing temperature. In the applications, LCE may be subjected to large mechanical stretch or force and break apart. The capability of predicting the rupture of LCE under different loading conditions is crucial for the applications. However, according to our knowledge, there is no report on fracture energy measurement of LCE. In this paper, we measured fracture energy of both monodomain and polydomain LCEs using pure shear test. We found that polydomain LCE has significantly higher fracture energy than monodomain one. We suggest that the increase of fracture energy in polydomain LCE is attributed to stretch-induced polydomain-to-monodomain transition near the crack tip of the material.


Designers of arm prosthesis control mechanisms have generally been guided by a designer's previous experience and his or her innovative thinking. In this paper, a design strategy guided by some theoretical control concepts and physiological knowledge is described. A preliminary design based on this strategy is proposed. However, as Stephen Toulmin has pointed out, "Theory has to answer to the high court of practice." Our laboratory still has limited clinical experience and practice with this design procedure.


Introduction: Left sided gallbladder (sinistroposition) is a well described congenital abnormality that can pose an unexpected challenge for the surgeon, especially regarding port placement for safe and effective dissection. Case Description: In this case, a 36 -year-old woman with biliary colic was taken to the operating room for elective cholecystectomy and found, after port placement, to have sinistroposition of the gallbladder. The operation was completed with relative ease using our typical port placement of a 5 mm port at Palmer's point, a 12 mm port at the umbilicus; and two additional 5 mm ports, one in the right midclavicular line, and one in the right anterior axillary line. Discussion: Multiple port placements for safe and effective dissection of a left sided gallbladder have been discussed. Identification of sinistropic gallbladder often occurs after ports are already placed in position for right sided cholecystectomy. In this case, our typical port placement where the operating surgeon's right-hand port is located at Palmer's point provided excellent positioning for dissection. No alterations to the surgeon's left-hand port or the assistant port were necessary. The dissection was able to be completed from familiar angles, so dissection and identification of anatomy was performed with relative ease. This is important as sinistroposition can at times lead to abnormalities of the biliary tree, though none were noted in this case.


A free-electron laser (FEL) user facility is being constructedat the Na-tonal institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in collaboration with the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL)., The FEL, which will be operated as an oscillator, will be driven by the 17 MeV to 185 MeV electron beam of the NIST continuouswave racetrack microtron. Anticipated performance of the FEL includes: wavelength tuneable from 200 nn to 10 pm; a continuous train of 3-ps pulses at either 16.5 or 66.1 MHz; and average power of 10 W to 200 W. Construction of the RTM will be completed in January, l991.---Th-3.64-m-long undulator is assembled at the factory and is scheduled to be delivered in October, 1990. The measured rms field error is 0.6%, which is sufficiently small for good gain. Due to the broad tuning range, the use of lasers to align the cavity end mirrors is impracticag.> With a full-scale mod l pf the 9-m-long optical cavity, we have developed a method of aligning themirrors to the required accuracy using white light and an autocollimator/telescope. We have performed three-dimensional simulations of performance including the effects of the electron beam (emittance, pulse length and shape, and timing jitter), undulator field errors, and cavity losses. These calculations predict adequate gain for lasing across the full wavelength range.-Aditional calculations are underway to predict the performance at saturat ()


OBJECTIVE: To assess the molecular and cellular mechanisms associated with RNA Polymerase I (POL1) inhibitor induced amelioration in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS).
 BACKGROUND: The low disease activity in benign MS is associated with suppression of POL1 pathway (Achiron et al., PLoS One 2012: Achiron et al., J neuroimmumol. 2013), suggesting targeting POL1 transcription machinery as a strategy for suppression of disease activity in remitting relapsing MS.
 DESIGN/METHODS: EAE was induced in C57BL/6J mice immunized with MOG35-55/CFA and Pertussis toxin. A specific POL1 inhibitor (POL1-I) was administered orally at a dose of 12.5mg/kg/day in 50mM NaH2PO4 on the day of immunization until disease onset in comparison to vehicle. Mice were scored daily for 35 days, splenocytes were isolated at day 14 and incubated for 72h with 1.0, 2.5, 5.0 μg/ml of MOG 35-55. Cell proliferation activity was measured using BrdU assay, P53 expression analyzed in CD4+ and CD8+ splenocytes by FACS. Eexpression of POL1 associated pre-RNA gene was tested in splenocytes and peripheral blood monocytes.
 RESULTS: Remarked suppression of EAE following POL1-I treatment was accompanied by suppression of cell proliferation in dose dependent manner and specifically more affecting cells with high proliferation index. Moreover, POL1-I treatment induced activation of p53 dependent apoptosis only in CD4+ splenocytes and in accordance the expression of pre-RNA gene was suppressed in POL1-I treated mice as compared to vehicle by 26% and 51%, respectively, p=0.04).
 CONCLUSIONS:
Pol 1-I induced amelioration of EAE occurred by suppression of splenocytes proliferation and activation of apoptosis CD4+ lymphocytes.
 Study Supported by: Disclosure: Dr. Gurevich has received research support from Biogen Idec, Merck Serono, and Novartis. Dr. Zilkha-Falb has nothing to disclose. Dr. Achiron has received personal compensation for activities with Teva Neuroscience and Novartis. Dr. Achiron has received research support from Bayer-Schering Pharma, Biogen Idec, and Teva Neuroscience.


Aim:To investigate the changes of IFN-γ and IL-10 secreting lymphocytes in multiple sclerosis patients.Methods:By using enzyme-linked immunospot (Elispot) assay to detect IFN-γ and IL-10 secreting cells with and without the stimulation of different antigens (MBP,AChR or PHA) in peripheral blood of multiple sclerosis patients,other neurological diseases (OND) and healthy doners. Results:Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from patients with multiple sclerosis had more spontaneous IFN-γ and IL-10 secreting cells than OND group and healthy control. The more IFN-γ and IL-10 secreting cells were observed in MS patients than OND and healthy subjects when stimulated with MBP. PBL from patients with MS had a specific response to MBP. It seems that IFN-γ secreting cells were more than IL-10 secreting cells in patients with MS.Conclusion:The pattern of cytokines standed for the activity of Th1 and Th2 lymphocytes. The changes of cytokine patterns play an important role in pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. PBL from patients with MS had a specific response to MBP.


This report gives our latest, but still preliminary, extraction of the π 0 partial decay width Γ(π 0 ! γγ) and the other relevant fitting parameters from 12 C and 208 Pb. It is based on the cross sections presented in July 2007[1]. It replaces our previous preliminary results[2]


We carried out systematic investigation on the processes and characteristics of REBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7/ or RE123 (RE=Nd, Sm, Eu, Dy, Ho, Er, and Yb) films on single crystal SrTiO/sub 3/ for coated conductors. The higher transition temperature, the higher growth rate, and the much better surface morphology for the large RE's such as Nd123, Sm123, and Eu123 make them attractive for thick films. The larger processing window for some other RE123 materials such as Dy123 and Yb123, on the other hand, makes them striking for scale-up and fabrication of long-length conductors. In the case of mixed RE's, enhanced pinning from ion size variance is also observed. We present our comparative study of the field- and angle-dependent critical current densities between these RE123 and Y123 films.


The purpose of this essay is to determine whether judges can avoid being moral arbiters; whether they ought to be moral arbiters; or whether inevitable questions of morality tied to the grant and protection of constitutional) rights ought to be entrusted to others, such as the constituent power, legislators, etc. The paper will test these issues in relation to the existing constitutional jurisprudence relating to abortion gauged from a comparative perspective. Part I will provide a critical assessment of the theoretical debate; Part II, an examination of insights stemming from relevant constitutional jurisprudences on abortion, and, Part III a theory about the optimal apportionment of responsibility for determining the moral issues that arise in the context of the recognition, interpretation and implementation of constitutionalized fundamental rights.


The butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea L.) is a plant with various potential health benefits due to the presence of many bioactive compounds. The leaves contain triterpenoids, flavonoids, glycosides, and alkaloids. In the present experimental work, the leave extracts treated with planetary sound (Sound of Earth and Sound of Jupiter) classified as Medium-low frequency sound waves (200 Hz to 1 KHz), in methanol were checked for bioactive components through GC-MS and the third set was kept as control. Different bioactive compounds identified, were further estimated by using Lupeol (Merck, India) as an external standard. In compounds common among plants treated with Earth's sound and control, 3-O-Methyl-d-glucose from plants treated with Earth's sound was highest at 1.20 PPM. Compounds common among plants treated with Jupiter's sound and control, 3-Hexenal from plants treated with Jupiter's sound was found to be highest with 1.87 PPM, Similarly, compounds common among plant's treated with Earth's sound and Jupiter's sound, Gamma sitosterol from leaves of plants treated with Earth's sound was found to have highest value i.e, 1.27 PPM. Compounds that were common for all the three groups, plants treated with Earth's sound was found to have increased Squalene with 1.23 PPM. A general trend of phytochemicals from plants treated with planet Earth's sound had an elevated value. This suggests that the treatment of planet Earth's sound has tremendous impact on the production of secondary metabolites in the referred species.


Abstract This paper draws on Euripides' Alcestis to propose a new way of approaching the tragic agōn. It reads the debate scene of that play not as a rhetorical showpiece but as a piece of dialogue and an interaction that follows the principles of communicative pragmatics. In this interpretation Admetus and Pheres do not aim to persuade each other about whether it would have been right for Pheres to sacrifice his life for his son; instead, father and son are engaged in redefining their relationship, at the same time hurting each other as much as possible. Therefore, analyses that focus on ethical arguments concerning Pheres' refusal to die and on how they reflect on the two persons' characters fail to capture an essential aspect of the quarrel. If, however, the communicative nature of the agōn is taken into consideration, illogical and seemingly idiosyncratic passages of the speeches can be explained as functional, and its transformed purpose chimes with Euripides' rearrangement of the traditional myth, as he places the debate after Alcestis' death.


Chromatographic, infrared, and other analytic data for vitrinite, fusinite, and exinite concentrates from samples of abnormally high-sulfur Tertiary coals of Assam (India) are presented and compared with similar data for normal (coking) coals from the Jharia field.


In order to meet as best as possible the needs of patients undergoing chemotherapy treatment for lymphomas, a system comprising an information consultation and telephone follow-up was set up in the haematology department of Necker hospital in Paris. An original initiative involving team work which benefits patients and their families.


to the maker of the gesture and to the recipient" (p. 172). It follows that "mind is always a social phenomenon" (p. 172), that one's identity is socially constructed, and that one's sense of self—an "I" or a "me"—derives from "the perceived community view of him/herself" (p. 173), as represented by the shared gesture-and-response patterns of language: "The self is a social construction emerging in relationships with others and only animals that possess language can possess a self that they are aware of" (p. 173). The key point here concerns the social embeddedness or relationship centeredness of mind and self: "Mind and self emerge in social relationships and they are 'internalizations' of those social relationships" (p. 174). This perspective—as echoed by Bhaktin (p. 174), Vygotsky (p. 175), and Elias (p. 175)—captures the essence of a TransTel conceptualization of causality:


Some of the most influential and recent studies in the context of urban economies and creative industries have shown how workers are largely freelance, precarious professionals characterized by a necessity to entertain relationships and manage social capital across their professional network as a decisive source for incoming jobs. They have to develop a self-entrepreneurial ethos and perform self-branding strategies in a highly identitarian, entrepreneurial landscape. In reaction to the new work order, new forms of work emerge in various countries in the world including Indonesia, such as the currently popular coworking space. Coworking spaces provide a productive, creative and satisfying work atmosphere, not just for freelancer but also for corporate organization. Volks.co as the first coworking space in Pekanbaru needs to adapted to some circumstances in Pekanbaru. This study try to figure out the ability of Volks.co business strategy by using Business Model Canvas (BMC), SWOT Analysis, IPA Matrix as a tool map to review the business strategy of Volks.co. Furthermore, based on the findings there's few things need to improve by Volks.co to keep running and growing the business within the industry in the future


When Robi Friedman asked if I would be willing to be a respondent to his article I hesitated. Why me? I am neither a group analyst, nor a clinician: have never taken therapy groups and have spent most of my working life trying to understand and work with the relations and dilemmas of organizational life. The organizational matrix I am most familiar with and which I think of as my professional home is the Tavistock. This is where I started out, near on 60 years ago, a would be social psychologist, hot foot from Cambridge. The group tradition I grew up in was and remains the child of Wilfrid Bion's war and post war exploration of experiences in groups and it was as a participant in the last study group Bion was to take in this country before leaving for America that I first started on my own journey. In these respects I stand somewhat aslant from the perspective from which this article is written. There are aspects or emphases that I am unfamiliar with and others that I seem to miss: for example the part played by transference and counter transference processes. Similarly, perhaps I find myself sometimes uneasy about Robi's recurring references to the importance of fostering trust or of making experience less anxious or more digestible, something apparently and paradoxically not borne out, as Robi comes to acknowledge, by the personal story of his mother's sending him to school. However, on first reading the article, the predominant experience was to keep on hearing echoes, though sometimes in an unfamiliar register, across the sensed distance between us. In what follows I want to try and do justice both to these echoes and to their registers. They are three: 808380 GAQ0010.1177/0533316418808380Group AnalysisArmstrong: Response to Foulkes Lecture research-article2018


Objective To study the antidepressant-like effect of the ginseng stems and leaves saponins(GSLS)and ginseng roots saponins(GRS).Method The method of rats forced-swimming test was abopted to study the antidepressant-like effect.Result The lower and higher dose of GSLS and GRS both could suppress significantly the accumulated immobility time of rats forced-swimming.Conclusion GSLS and GRS possesses antidepressant-like effect.


Energy consumption awareness and reducing consumption are popular topics. Building energy consumption counts for almost a third of the global energy consumption and most of that is used for building heating and cooling. Building energy simulation tools are currently gaining attention and are used for optimizing the design for new and existing buildings. For O&M phase in existing buildings, the multiannual average weather data used in the simulation tools is not suitable for evaluating the performance of the building. In this study an existing building was modeled in EnergyPlus. Real on-site weather data was used for the dynamic simulation for the heating energy demand with the aim of comparing the measured energy consumption with the simulated one. The aim is to develop an early fault detection tool for building management.