The purpose this research to know the opinion of community and how the social economic effect from implementation for the aid of rural library book in Sidondo I village of Sigi Regency 2011. The sample this research is decided as 40 respondents. The data collection is done by technique, observation, and documentation. Then, the data were analyzed descriptively, using qualitative approach , where this research is described with detail and clearly. To answer the first question use the Chi-Square ( χ 2 ) analysis. The result of this research concludes that: 1) The aid of rural library book in Sidondo I village of Sigi Regency 2011 program wich is implemented has been very supported and needed because the community has understood that the aim of program for villages society progress. 2) The aid of rural library book in Sidondo I village of Sigi Regency 2011 program gives social effect and economic for rural community. The library has the function as media/means for increasing of knowledge and reading ability in order to educate the community life.


In this paper, a flux-lock type superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) integrated with a voltage-controlled voltage source inverter (VC- VSI) is proposed. The suggested equipment, which consists of a flux-lock type SFCL and a VCYSI, can perform the fault current limiting operation from the occurrence of a short-circuit, In addition, it can compensate the reactive power that the nonlinear load requires and also perform the un interruptible power supply (UPS) as well as the load voltage stabilization by controlling the amplitude and the phase of the inverter's output voltage. The specification for a test model was determined and its various functions such as the fault current limiting and the power conditioning operations were presented and analyzed via computer simulation. Through the analytical results based on the computer simulation, the validity of the analysis was confirmed and its multi-operation was discussed.


This paper considers the two stage stochastic integer programming problems with an emphasis on problems in which integer variables appear in the second stage Drawing heavily on the theory of disjunctive programming we characterize convexi cations of the second stage problem and develop a decomposition based algorithm for the solution of such problems In particular we verify that problems with xed recourse are characterized by scenario dependent second stage convexi cations that have a great deal in common We refer to this characterization as the C Common Cut Coe cients Theorem Based on the C Theorem we develop an algorithmic methodology that we refer to as Disjunctive Decomposition D We show that when the second stage consists of MILP problems we can obtain accurate second stage objective function estimates after nitely many steps We also set the stage for comparisons between problems in which the rst stage includes only variables and those that allow both continuous and integer variables in the rst stage This research was funded by the National Science Foundation under grant The C Theorem and a D Algorithm for Large Scale Stochastic Integer Programming Set Convexi cation


Iron-removal from ground water by biological oxidation filtration was studied.The influencing mechanism of the filter candle on biological iron-removal was discussed.Under the condition that the mass concentration of Fe2+ was 4.3 mg/L,the pH value of the raw water was 6.4-6.6,the water temperature was 23-25 ℃,the mass concentration of dissolved oxygen was 1.5 mg/L,the filter speed was 8 m/h,a good effluent quality was obtained,the mass concentration of Fe2+ in effluent water was below 0.1 mg/L.The inactivation experiment,bacteria counting experiment and some other experiments indicated that biological oxidation had a significant effect on iron-removal in the said filter candle.


Recently, Deep Learning (DL) methods have been proposed for use in the decoding of linear block codes. While novel DL decoders show promising error correcting performance, they suffer from computational complexity issues, which prevent their usage with large block codes and make their implementation in digital hardware inefficient. The subject of the presented doctoral research is the design of DL decoding methods with low computational complexity and resource requirements, by applying compression and approximation techniques to the employed Neural Networks. Efficient hardware architectures are expected to be designed for these optimized DL decoders on FPGA devices, which will overcome the current performance limitations.


Background Doctor role modeling is essential in the career development of medical students. We explored the various personal and professional contexts in which students are reporting exposure to physician role models, and the association of these contexts with their intentions to enter primary care or care for the underserved. Methods We surveyed 960 third-year U.S. medical students from 24 U.S. allopathic medical schools in January 2011. We asked respondents whether or not they had been exposed to role models during medical training and in what contexts students interacted with their role model. We also tested associations with career intentions, educational factors, physician relative status, and demographics. Results Students who sought out their own physician role model were more likely to have intentions to work in primary care or among the underserved. By intentionally seeking out role models during their medical training, students interested in these fields may feel that they are not routinely encountering such role models over the course of their training, or already express such a high motivation for those fields such that they are intentionally seeking additional support.


Most of the natural and synthetic compounds belonging to the binary As–S system exhibit a structure based on the packing of discrete cage-like, covalently bonded As 4 S n , whereas there are only few examples of layered structures. Here we report the crystal structure of duranusite, As 4 S, which exhibits a new kind of layered structure related to that observed in one of the natural polymorphs of arsenic (arsenolamprite). Duranusite crystallizes in the Pmna space group [ a = 3.611(5), b = 6.755(8), c = 10.10(1)A, α = β = γ = 90°], with 8 As and 2 S atoms per unit cell; the structure consists of an alternated stacking along the [010] axis of two kinds of corrugated layers which match the As 2 and As 2 S composition, respectively. The As–As bond distances range from 2.440 to 2.567A, while the As–S bond is 2.299 A. The shortest contact between adjacent layers is 3.101A, well below the sum of van der Walls radii. The crystal-structure determination of duranusite expands the number of the known layered structures of As sulphides suggesting that, in minerals and stable compounds, the As 4 S n molecules are limited to those having n = 3, 4 and 5.


The new post-modern theory of mass media as elaborated by Jean Baudrillard makes the provocative claim that the media representation of social reality is the very mode of its disappearance. In this essay, using Baudrillard's theory, the author analyses the production of news on the war in Bosnia by American TV networks and argues for a local rather than global representation of social reality. While the edited words and images on the television screen produce fake realities, there are specific practical conditions behind their production that can be described and analysed as a locally produced social reality. To prove this point, the author draws on two sets of data. The first contains two news reports by 'ABC News' (American Broadcasting Corporation) about the war in Bosnia, each of which uses the same image of a sniper: in the first report, he is identified as a Bosnian Muslim, in the second, as a Bosnian Serb. The fact that the same image may signify two mutually exclusive identities is an example of fake news created by means of specific editing practices. The second set of data consists of a television news broadcast in which the author appears as a translator for a Bosnian woman. The author compares the edited news footage with the event as he actually experienced it and argues that the falsification of this 'news' occurred, with his complicity, in response to a particular contingency of the mo-


BACKGROUND AND AIMS
The concern that alcohol advertising can have detrimental effects on vulnerable viewers has prompted the development of codes of responsible advertising practices. This paper evaluates critically the concept of vulnerability as it applies to (1) susceptibility to alcohol-related harm and (2) susceptibility to the effects of marketing, and describes its implications for the regulation of alcohol marketing.

METHOD
We describe the findings of key published studies, review papers and expert reports to determine whether these two types of vulnerability apply to population groups defined by (1) age and developmental history; (2) personality characteristics; (3) family history of alcoholism; (4) female sex and pregnancy risk; and (5) history of alcohol dependence and recovery status.

RESULTS
Developmental theory and research suggest that groups defined by younger age, incomplete neurocognitive development and a history of alcohol dependence may be particularly vulnerable because of the disproportionate harm they experience from alcohol and their increased susceptibility to alcohol marketing. Children may be more susceptible to media imagery because they do not have the ability to compensate for biases in advertising portrayals and glamorized media imagery.

CONCLUSION
Young people and people with a history of alcohol dependence appear to be especially vulnerable to alcohol marketing, warranting the development of new content and exposure guidelines focused on protecting those groups to improve current self-regulation codes promoted by the alcohol industry. If adequate protections cannot be implemented through this mechanism, statutory regulations should be considered.


As an additional mechanism for the spin‐forbidden a 4Π −x 2Π transition of nitric oxide, we consider the coupling of two nitric oxide molecules and the subsequent cooperative optical transition via a one‐photon, spin‐allowed, electric‐dipole mechanism. The feasibility of such a mechanism arises mainly through the exchange overlap of the orbitals. The coupled composite states of the dimer are constructed by projecting out the over‐all permutational symmetry (by antisymmetrization), the spin symmetry (by Clebsch‐Gordan vector coupling), and the point‐group symmetry of the dimer. For the point‐group symmetry, the state functions of the D∞ h dimer are first constructed explicitly and are then combined upon descent in symmetry to give lower point‐group (C∞ ν, C2ν, C2h, Cs) state functions. The states obtained agree with the qualitative predictions of Kotani, Mulliken, and Herzberg, who did not give such explicit quantitative wavefunctions as we give. Exchange degeneracy between the 4Π and 2Π states in a dimer ...


Whole-school physical activity (PA) promotion programmes are recommended to increase youth PA. Evaluation of programmes is essential to ensure practice is guided by evidence. This paper evaluates the Active School Flag (ASF), a whole-school PA promotion programme in Ireland, using the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework. ASF was evaluated across three levels—(1) administration, (2) application, (3) outcomes—using a mixed-methods case study design. Existing data sources were reviewed, the programme coordinator was interviewed, and a pilot study was conducted to investigate impact on 3rd and 5th class students (3 schools, n = 126 students, age range 8–12 years). In-school Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity (MVPA; by accelerometery), motivation for PA (BREQ), PA self-efficacy (PASES), school affect and peer social support (Kidscreen27) were measured pre-programme (0 months), post-programme (8 months), and at retention (12 months). Teacher perceptions of classroom behaviour (CBAST) were also measured pre- and post-programme. ASF has been successful in engaging 46% of primary schools nationally. Students' in-school moderate–vigorous PA increased in all pilot-study schools from pre-programme to retention (η2 = 0.68–0.84). ASF programme design facilitates implementation fidelity, adoption and maintenance through buy in from schools and government stakeholders. ASF presents as an effective PA promotion programme in the short-to-medium term for primary schools. This RE-AIM evaluation provides evidence of ASF effectiveness, alongside valuable findings that could support programme improvement, and inform future similar programmes.


When designing the systems for toxicity lowering of burnt gases, the determining factor for the prediction of the resource of the system is a correct determination of longevity of elements of the system. A problem of calculating for strength of the construction, which represents a cylindrical shell reinforced by rigidity edges and situating under the internal pressure, is considered. A surface defect is arranged on an internal shell side. A procedure for the calculation of longevity of the construction allowing for the surface defect is developed for the case of cyclic loading. The values of longevity were found numerically by the specified dimensionless initial and critical sizes of the crack. It is established that when allowing for the surface defect of the construction in the case of cyclic loading, the number of operational cycles decreases by 12–16%. The proposed procedure makes it possible to predict the service life of the system for lowering the toxicity at its designing stage allowing for the surface defects under the cyclic loading.


Insect mitochondrial genome is a double-stranded circular genomes which range from 14,503 bp to 19,571 bp in size. Nearly all the sequenced insect mitochondrial genomes encode 37 genes: two for rRNAs, 13 for proteins and 22 for tRNAs. This review compares and summarizes the features of complete mitochondrial genomes from 175 sequenced species of insects in 22 orders. The genomic organization, contents, gene order, and rearrangements of gene order are analyzed.


Experience in application of e-Learning technologies at agrarian university is described. Case technology proved to be the most effective combined form in agrarian distant education.


Using of the model with a complex refraction index, amplification in microstructured optical fibers is investigated. The effect of the gain on the properties of high-order modes is considered. It is shown, that the variation of the radius of active core of the fiber allows to optimize the excitation of fundamental mode in few-mode fibers. Special arrangement of active elements in cross-section section of the fiber allows to excite high-order mode selectively. ВВЕДЕНИЕ


The utility model discloses a carrier paper tape reel which comprises a support, a mounting shaft of a carrier paper tape roll, and a brush. The mounting shaft and the brush are fixed on the support. When the carrier paper tape roll is mounted on the mounting shaft, a lateral end face of the carrier paper tape roll is brushed by bristles of the brush. The carrier paper tape reel is simple in structure and convenient to use, and can prevent impurities such as paper chip from attaching onto conductors or chips from the sources, and adverse problems such as impurity and powder splashing to the subsequent process are avoided.


To meet the requirements of operational command of air defense force,this thesis utilizes law of probability and thoery of antiaircraft operation reseach,and illustrates the concepts,characters and interrelations of the main firing command methods such as centralized,decentalized,combined and parallel fire direction,and discusses the main means,basis and quota of quantitative analysis of firing command methods.Then gives out evaluation models for calculating firing efficiency of air defense group.Based on this,the thesis gives quantitative analysis of each firing command method,and reveals some general and potential laws of firing command for air defense group.


There are hubs for workgroups, departments and the enterprise. There are about 140 hub vendors providing innovative network solutions spanning each of these domains. One of these vendors, ADC Fibermux, offers the Crossbow family of multi-LAN intelligent hubs. These are managed with LightWatch/Open, one of the simplest and intuitive management systems currently marketed.


The Case of the Monetary Gold Removed from Rome in 1943 is familiar to all international lawyers. Like a catechism, we are taught that the ICJ will not proceed with a case where the legal interests of a State not before the Court "would not only be affected by a decision, but would form the very subject-matter of the decision." Mollengarden and Zamir's proposal that the Court should dispense with the Monetary Gold principle feels almost heretical. The authors contend that the ICJ Statute sets out a framework for balancing the interests of third parties through the use of the intervention procedure, and that Monetary Gold "disrupts that balance." Monetary Gold is, they submit, to be treated as only a judicial decision, entitled under Article 36(1)(d) of the Statute to little deference as a source of legal principle. I suggest taking an altogether different approach. The best way to understand the place of the Monetary Gold principle is in the context of the ICJ's rule making powers pursuant to Article 30(1) of the Court's Statute. These rule making powers are not limited to the promulgation of formal Rules of Court but extend to the determination of appropriate procedures during the hearing of a case. These procedural rules (small r), articulated in the context of particular cases, may in time evolve into formal Rules of Court through an iterative process. Monetary Gold is an instance of the Court defining a small r procedural rule in a manner that is consistent with the Court's Statute.


During the mid-1930s, the wives of Soviet industrial managers, engineers, and technicians began organizing into volunteer groups devoted to improving the living and working conditions at the factories where their husbands worked. Soviet historians generally have treated these obshchestvennitsy (civic-minded women, or female activists) as evidence of the social stratification that occurred during the Stalin era. But analysis of the socioeconomic context in which these women emerged suggests that this women's "movement" played an important part in resolving a variety of "reproductive crises" which had arisen as a result of the rapid industrialization campaign of the 1930s. By emphasizing the "culturedness," or "refinement" (kul'turnost'), of these elite wives, the Soviet regime assigned the obshchestvennitsy a hegemonic role in defining the socialist culture of the future. This "civilizing" function of the wives' movement parallels philanthropic activities of bourgeois women during similar crises associated with industrialization of European nations and the United States.


The applications of button bits for the various types of percussive drilling applications, particularly in conjunction with underground drill jumbos, are reviewed. Aspects of their design and maintenance are considered. The main features of a current down-the-hole button bit are described. Two or three basic designs are adequate for the market. Possible causes of failure, and their remedies are examined. Factors affecting their use in surface applications are discussed. Bits of 51 mm and 57 mm diameter are being used successfully for longhole drilling, giving the advantage of good penetration rates and longer life. The performance of drill steels and bits in Scandinavian heavy jumbo applications is illustrated, together with a comparison of blade and button bit lives. The use of the bit in light jumbos is examined, and costs of different drill string options are compared for small diameter drilling. Penetration rates of 38 mm bits are compared. Methods of resharpening button bits are compared. Advice is given to potential users on the factors affecting the choice of button bit. (TRRL)


Disjunctive Logic Programming (DLP) is an advanced formalism for Knowledge Representation and Reasoning (KRR). DLP is very expressive in a precise mathematical sense: it allows to express every property of finite structures that is decidable in the complexity class Σ P 2 (NP NP). Importantly, the DLP encodings are often simple and natural.In this paper, we single out some limitations of DLP for KRR, which cannot naturally express problems where the size of the disjunction is not known "a priori" (like N-Coloring), but it is part of the input. To overcome these limitations, we further enhance the knowledge modelling abilities of DLP, by extending this language by Parametric Connectives (OR and AND). These connectives allow us to represent compactly the disjunction/conjunction of a set of atoms having a given property. We formally define the semantics of the new language, named DLP ∨,∧ and we show the usefulness of the new constructs on relevant knowledge-based problems. We address implementation issues and discuss related works.


In recent years Voting Rights Act cases brought by Hispanic litigants challenging local election systems have proliferated. This article analyzes the effects of election systems and demographic factors on the electoral success of Hispanics in municipal elections. Ability to speak English well and educational attainment of non-Hispanics are important factors that boost Hispanic representation. On average district elections enhance Hispanic representation, though the impact of district elections varies directly with the level of residential segregation. Although some Blacks may support Hispanic candidates, I do not find any significant effects of increases in Black population on the electoral success of Hispanics.


According to Deborah Maine, Director of the Prevention of Maternal Mortality (PMM) Program at Columbia University, Center for Population and Family Health, the worsening economic situation in Africa is presenting obstacles to the efforts of 11 multidisciplinary teams in Nigeria, Ghana, and Sierra Leone (the PMM Network). Carnegie Corporation provides separate funding to each team for operations research and preventive programs. Teams identify problems, and design and evaluate interventions. While a supply of well-trained, enthusiastic professionals in collaborative institutions is available, devaluations have lowered salaries. Program activities, using direct problem solving approach, include: 1) stimulating efforts to improve the quality of care in hospitals (especially, by reducing waiting times); 2) organizing blood donors' associations and improving blood banks at maternity clinics and small hospitals; 3) encouraging transport workers to organize emergency transportation for pregnant women who develop complications; and 4) conducting information campaigns to improve knowledge of obstetric complications through community meetings. The African teams have worked together since 1988.


Beryllium samples have been exposed in the PISCES-B linear plasma device to conditions relevant to the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) in pure He, D, and D/He mixed plasmas. Except at intermediate sample exposure temperatures (573–673 K) He addition to a D plasma is found to have a beneficial effect as it reduces the D retention in Be (up to ∼55%), although the mechanism is unclear. Retention of He is typically around 1020–1021 He m−2, and is affected primarily by the Be surface temperature during exposition, by the ion fluence at <500 K exposure, but not by the ion impact energy at 573 K. Contamination of the Be surface with high-Z elements from the mask of the sample holder in pure He plasmas is also observed under certain conditions, and leads to unexpectedly large He retention values, as well as changes in the surface morphology. An estimation of the tritium retention in the Be first wall of ITER is provided, being sufficiently low to allow a safe operation of ITER.


This paper introduced the essential concepts of realizing method and the system structure of the Three Gorge Safe monitor and control system of knowledge base system.


Objective To investigate the influencing factors for knowledge,attitude and practice( KAP) of primary home caregivers of Uygur and Kazak disabled elders. Methods Self- made KAP Questionnaire was used to investigate the knowledge,attitude and practice of 621 primary home caregivers for Uygur and Kazak disabled elders in Shawan County,Toksun County,Urumqi in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from September,2013 to March,2014. Univariate analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were conducted to analyze influencing factors. Results The included caregivers didn' t have comprehensive nursing knowledge, with the knowledge score only taking up 31. 8%( 6. 36 /20) in full score; the score of nursing attitude was at high level,accounting for 84. 7%( 10. 16 /12) in full score; the nursing practice was for daily care,with the score taking up 37. 0%( 25. 50 /69) in full score. Pearson correlation analysis showed that there was positive correlation among knowledge,attitude and practice( P 0. 05). Univariate analysis showed that disability severity,education level of caregivers,occupation of children had significant influence on the score of caregivers' nursing knowledge( P 0. 05); minority group,place of residence,occupation of children had significant influence on the score of caregivers' attitude( P 0. 05);minority group,children need care or not,living with care recipients or not had significant influence on the score of practice( P 0. 05); disability severity,minority group,living with care recipients or not,work status had significant influence on the total score of caregivers' KAP( P 0. 05). Multivariate regression analysis further showed that disable severity,minority group,living with care recipients or not,work status were the influencing factors for caregivers' KAP( P 0. 05). Conclusion The influencing factors for caregivers' KAP concern caregivers,disabled elders,internal and external domestic factors. The three aspects should be emphasized to improve KPA level of home caregivers and thus the life quality of disabled elders.


The first two years of Harding's administration saw a continuance of the economic recession that had begun under Wilson. By 1923, however, prosperity was back. For the next six years the country enjoyed the strongest economy in its history, at least in urban areas. Governmental economic policy during the 1920s was eminently conservative. It was based upon the belief that if government fostered private business, benefits would radiate out to most of the rest of the population.


As India is rich in talent, lagging in research and poor in finance, authors sincerely appeal UGC, NAAC, NPTEL, IIT, AICTE, IISER, IISc and administrative institutions like IIM, UPSC and Supreme Court core committees to take initiative in implementing and maintaining industrial and research oriented certified online audio-visual interactive degree courses across the Indian boundaries. Benefits and implications of this scheme are: 1) Distance education system, Open education system and Open book exam etc can be eliminated. 2) High quality research orientation can be inculcated among teaching staff. 3) Experimental approach and industrial orientation- both can be implemented and maintained simultaneously. 4) Educational stress on teenage students and financial burdens on parents - both can be eliminated. 5) Reservation issues pertaining to caste and seat allocation can be eliminated. 6) Degree level scholarship schemes can be eliminated. 7) All educational institutions can be encouraged to tie up with online degree system with unique pattern and quality and can be forced to focus on laboratory activities rather than teaching. 8) Current educational staff can be classified into five broad categories as Education wing, Call center wing, Research wing, Oration wing and Industrial wing. 9) Students lagging in grasping the key technical points can listen & watch the recorded and edited information several times for a better understanding and thus doubts, subject fear, back logs and detaining issues can be avoided to a great extent. 10) By maintaining educational call centers, interaction with students can be established and online degree courses can be strengthened further. 11) With recorded and edited lab experiments and 3D modeling tools, virtual laboratories can be developed and thus awareness can be inculcated in students on knowledge acquisition on various experiments and experimental setups. 12) As there is no restriction on available number of (electronic) seats, stress oriented and suicide provoking complicated entrance exams can be relinquished. 13) Poor students, Female students, male and female job holders, physically handicapped students and students not interested to attend colleges can get better education in this scheme. 14) For maintaining this online degree system across India, there seems a big scope for new employment. 15) By 2040, India can have a leading role in world science, engineering and technology. Even though the proposal under consideration is interlinked with many political and social issues, with reference to 'Vision2040' program, this proposal can be given a chance in Indian higher education system.


Benthic nutrient regeneration may be referred to as a new availability to the water column of significant amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, and other nutrients, as a consequence of the metabolism of organic matter by the benthos. The processes of benthic nutrient regeneration in coastal marine systems are strongly influenced by the presence of abundant macrofauna. Correct evaluation of the biogenic flux of nutrients due to the excretory activity of infaunal species is therefore an important background of information to investigate the cycling of biophilic elements (nitrogen, phosphorus, and silicon).

Keywords:

bivalves;
Ruditapes philippinarum;
Musculista senhousia;
nutrients;
excretion;
experimental biology;
tidal flat


Abstract Objectives Distress screening has now become part of the culture of cancer care, with clinical practice guidelines set forth by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) and requirements by the Commission on Cancer (CoC). Because interdisciplinary teams are specialists in treating certain disease sites, it is important to develop distress screening guidelines that best serve that patient population and their treatment. Methods A retrospective review of patients with surgically resectable esophageal cancer who were treated at a single institution was performed. Patients voluntarily undergoing the prehabilitation program (n = 11) received a structured protocol intervention in several clinical domains, including psychosocial distress screening. Results Despite having a protocol, variations in the number of times patients were screened for distress (range, 1-9 times; mean = 4.73) suggests that the protocol was not accomplished. Elapsed time between first and final distress screens ranged from 0 to 68 days (mean = 40.27), and time from final distress screen to surgery ranged from 50 to 122 days, with a mean of 76.45 days. Significance of Results The pilot prehabilitation program demonstrated difficulties with the distress screening protocol. Subsequently, a more comprehensive distress screening program is recommended in this highly vulnerable patient population by aligning the NCCN distress management screening guidelines with the clinical pathway for treating surgically resectable esophageal cancer. With the difficult prognosis and treatment known for patients with esophageal cancer, tailored distress screening protocols should be implemented throughout the duration of treatment.


ABSTRACT Using the lens of Community Cultural Wealth (CCW; Yosso, 2005), the present study examined the supports and challenges encountered by Latinx and Black students as they obtained doctoral degrees in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM) disciplines. Twelve self-identified participants at predominately White institutions (PWI) completed semi-structured interviews. Two sets of findings emerged. First, students viewed support from faculty, mentors, advisors, and program directors, as well as off-campus individuals as the main factors contributing to their academic success. Commonly identified challenges included not connecting with their advisor, feeling unsupported and isolated within their programs, and experiencing microaggressions. Regarding the impact of intersectionality, both benefits and challenges emerged. Half indicated that their multiple social identities aided their studies, yet some reported their social identities made it difficult relating to others. The second major findings focused on applying the CCW model and suggested Latinx and Black students utilized all CCW dimensions (i.e., aspirational, navigational, social, linguistic, familial, resistant capital) to varying degrees in navigating their doctoral experiences. The findings are unique in highlighting the considerable strengths and cultural capital students bring to the academy, revealing important insights about their need for connection and community in harassment-free environments. Specific recommendations are discussed.


This article explores some of the historical and structural barriers that impede therapists from using body process and body work in a psychotherapeutic context. It also discusses somatic structure and how body process and body work can be used to explore a client's somatic structure in assessment and treatment. The argument has also been put forward that when working holistically the client's somatic experience is as important as any other part of their experience and should be treated in this way. However this is an area that is lacking in most psychotherapy training and thus more support is needed for therapists to do so.


Abstract Mobility or physical movement contributes to health and wellbeing in later life. Most studies have focused on the contribution of outdoor mobility to active ageing, but physical and cognitive impairments restrict the mobility of many older adults. This article aims to explore the gaps in the current literature on mobility in later life, and identify required innovations in the field through laying out key areas for future research. It discusses two, largely separate, areas of research, namely on mobility patterns and mobility experiences. The first focuses on quantitative and spatial research on outdoor mobility patterns in terms of routes, timing and transport modes. The second mainly concerns qualitative research on how older adults perceive mobility in their everyday lives. This article identifies three areas for future research on mobility in later life: (a) beyond outdoor movement; (b) diversity in mobility; and (c) the role of time in mobility. To conclude, addressing these areas jointly will contribute to further unpacking the concept of mobility as meaningful practice and to integrating quantitative and qualitative methods when studying mobility in later life. This will result in policy inputs on the mobility and wellbeing of our ageing population.


【Objective】The experiment was conducted to study the effects of different protein levels of ration compound on the restoration of ovarian function and reproductive hormones to determine the appropriate protein levels of dairy cows' diet.【Method】According the similar principle of the physiological status and lactation performance,comparison of single factor experiment was designed.72 Chinese Holstein were randomly divided into 3 groups,and there were 24 in each group.Different protein levels diet was fed 9.8%(A1) and 13.8%(A2),12.6%(B1)and 16.2%(B2),14.1%(C1) and 17.8%(C2),that is A group(A1,A2),B group(B1,B2)and C group(C1,C2)in perinatal and peak lactation,respectively.【Result】The concentration of P4 in plasma of B and C group was significantly lower than A group(P0.05)on the 5th day,10th day and 15th day after delivery,and the concentration of LH and E2 in plasma of B and C group was significantly higher than that of A group(P0.05)on 10th day and 15th day after delivery;the concentration of P4 in plasma of A and B group was higher than that of C group(P0.05)on the 15th and 20th day of estrous cycle,and the concentration of E2 in plasma of B group was higher than C group(P0.05)on the 20th day of estrous cycle.【Conclusion】Respectively being fed protein levels diet 12.6% and 16.2% in perinatal and peak lactation,so that dairy cow could resume ovarian function as early as possible and the reproductive hormone of organism was good to the metabolic coordination after delivery,and dairy cow could play its reproductive performance better.


important implications not only for their findings but also for the use of CT in other aspects of nuclear medicine. Third, it is interesting that the authors make only brief reference to D-dimer results. There may be little justification in using low-dose CT (indeed any sophisticated lung imaging) if the D-dimer result is negative in patients with a low-to-intermediate risk. How do their results look once the D-dimer result is considered? What proportion of the 29 patients with alternative diagnoses could have avoided lung SPECT/CT altogether? Readers of this journal are no doubt aware that even relatively low doses of ionising radiation may be harmful, and the risk can no longer be considered as a theoretic one. Finally, it is disappointing that the authors have chosen to use a nonAustralian source to suggest that after-hours radionuclide lung scanning is 'limited in many institutions'. What evidence from Australian sources do they cite to support this statement?


A method for compressing the pattern block by means of its marginal information includes such steps as dividing a pattern into blocks, creating more form templates, dividing the block into two clusters according to the form templates, calculating two basic colors and two derivative colors in the cluster, designating one of said colors as the color of cluster pixel, converting the cluster information to bit stream in the format of compressed pattern, defining 16 marginal forms, and defining a form bit in the compressed bit stream to represent color of block. Its decompressing process has the steps which are reversed of said steps.


The Permian redbeds of northwest Europe, termed the "Rotliegendes," are continental clastic sediments laid down under desert and semidesert conditions. Recent drilling in the North Sea, Netherlands, and north Germany has shown that these beds are in a sedimentary basin up to 2,000 km long and 500 km wide. This basin is in the foreland of the Variscan mountains. (Hercynian orogeny) and is of part-orogenic origin and partly fault bounded. Volcanic rocks are present locally, especially in the east. The Rotliegendes strata attain a maximum thickness of approximately 1,500 m. A central shale and halite facies (Haselgebirge facies), corresponding to a salt lake, changes toward the southern basin margin first to anhydritic clay (Ten Boer member) and then to sandstone and conglom rate of the Slochteren member (wadi deposits and eolian sands). Paleowind directions were essentially from east to west. Deflation of the alluvial fans spreading northward from the Variscan mountains resulted in accumulation of up to 200 m of dune sands in the southern North Sea area. The dune sands form the reservoir rock for important accumulations of gas. At present, the proved and probable reserves of Rotliegendes gas in the North Sea, Netherlands, and western Germany are about 2,500 × 109 cu m (85 × 1012 cu ft). The interpretations of Rotliegendes facies are based on a study of modern deserts and their sediments (wadi sediments, dune sands, and the sediments of inland and coastal sabkhas).


For many years, there have been six vaccinesin use in national immunization programsaround the world: bacillus Calmette–Guerin(BCG) against tuberculosis, diphtheria, teta-nus, pertussis, measles and polio. In the 1990s,hepatitis B vaccine was added to many pro-grams, and now, with funds from the GlobalAlliance for Vaccines and Immunization, TheVaccine Fund (GAVI-VF), two more are beingadded: yellow fever vaccine in countries at risk,and a vaccine against


We present a two-scale approximation for the dynamics of a nonlinear α2 dynamo. Solutions of the resulting nonlinear equations agree with the numerical simulations of Brandenburg and show that α is quenched by the buildup of magnetic helicity at the forcing scale 1/k2 as the α effect transfers it from the large scale 1/k1(> 1/k2). For times t > (k1/k2)ReM,2 in eddy turnover units (where ReM,2 is the magnetic Reynolds number of the forcing scale), α is limited resistively in the form predicted for the steady state case. However, for t ≪ ReM,2, α takes on its kinematic value independent of ReM,2, allowing the production of large-scale magnetic energy equal to k1/k2 times equipartition. Thus, the dynamic theory of α predicts substantial "fast" growth of a large-scale field despite being "slow" at large times.


Abstract The main theme of the article is the relationship between the internal and external worlds as shown in the psychoanalytic psychotherapy of a young gay man of racially mixed parentage who was seriously sexually, physically and emotionally abused in childhood. It shows how the patient's clinical material was used to link the inner and outer worlds and pays particular attention to the Kleinian concepts of projective identification and container/contained.


This course conclusion work deals with the theoretical and practical aspects related to civil liability of the tobacco industries under the light of the fundamental rights and individual guarantees carried out by the 1998 Federal Constitution. Today in Brazil, the dominant jurisprudence has been neglecting claims from the users for the fair compensation for the damages caused by the drug, on the argument practically unanimous that is all about a 'habit' which has its roots only and exclusively in the willingness of the customer. Judicial cases against tobacco industries, in Brazil and all over the world, are based on the health risks of smoking and/or the not ethical operations methods of the industry. It is promoted, therefore, along this end of course paper, a study that does not intend to defend or attack the tobacco industry or support restrictions on the smoking freedom, but, yes, to warn against the false premise in which are based the judicial cases that deal with the tobacco issue as it was mere decision of the smoker. Despite all the scientifical and overwhelming evidences, the matter has been treated as a simple habit within the spectrum of the invidious rights assured by the Constitution.


IN CONSIDERING THE CONCEPT OF METHANOL AS AN ALTERNATIVE FUEL FOR CAR ENGINES, VARIOUS PROPERTIES OF THE MATERIAL ARE COMPARED IN COMPARISON WITH PETROL. FURTHERMORE, THE METHANOL OPERATION OF OTTO ENGINES IS REPORTED, PARTICULARLY THE QUESTIONS OF POWER, THE EFFICIENCY, THE EXHAUST POLLUTION AND MIX FORMATION. THE USE OF METHYL FUEL AND OF METHANOL-PETROL MIXTURES AS WELL AS THE POSSIBILITIES OF TWIN FUEL AND ALTERNATING OPERATION ARE DISCUSSED. THE QUESTION IS ALSO DISCUSSED, WHETHER THE USE OF METHANOL IS POSSIBLE AND USEFUL IN DIESEL AND STRATIFIED CHARGE ENGINES.


common interests will remain. &dquo;Whatever course it follows,&dquo; he says, &dquo;Japan needs satisfactory foreign trade; its main trading partner is and will almost certainly continue to be the United States.&dquo; In evaluating the United States role, he declares: &dquo;To pursue policies that have helped create a prosperous, stable Japan has cost the United States something in resources, in adjustments in its own economy, and in subordination of some domestic interests to a broader conception of the national interest. Have the gains outweighed the losses? ... Compared to the alternatives, the reality of a flourishing Japan can fairly be said to justify the large transfer of American resources that helped bring it about. Judged on that basis, the cost to the United States certainly looks modest.&dquo;


ABSTRACT Some scholars argue that lowering the voting age from 21 to 18 years led to declining turnout rates and increasing political inequality. Individuals in this age bracket are often no longer in school, frequently moved out from their parental home and are thus no longer within reach of the major political socialisation agents. We empirically test some of these claims and their effects on youngsters' political interest and turnout on a behavioural level. We use the 2017 state election in the German state of Schleswig-Holstein as our case, as the voting age had been lowered to 16 prior to this election. Thus, we are able to compare interest and turnout of those who are 16 and 17 years old with 'traditional' first-time voters at age 18. Our results show that lowering the voting age to 16 is unlikely to enfranchise a group of voters with an extraordinarily low propensity to turnout. It might in fact have a (relative) positive effect compared to slightly older voters, as more citizens at this age are still part of social networks that are conducive to electoral participation. At the same time, lowering the voting age might magnify existing inequalities because of network homogeneity.


Abstract Background Periprosthetic shoulder infection remains a difficult complication to identify and treat. In efforts to improve provide clarity, a subgroup of the Second International Consensus Meeting on Musculoskeletal Infection (ICM) generated over 70 recommendations. To understand the current treatment practices and impact of the ICM's work, a survey of shoulder arthroplasty providers was performed. Methods A 22-question survey, consisting of questions based upon the ICM consensus statement and the clinical experience of these authors, was distributed to all active members of the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons. Questions regarded the work-up, diagnosis, and treatment of periprosthetic shoulder infection—with specific attention to Cutibacterium acnes. Results One hundred fifty-nine members completed the survey (16%; 159/990) between August 8 and October 18, 2019. Only two-thirds of respondents reported utilizing the definition of periprosthetic shoulder infection proposed by the ICM subgroup. The survey results and associated literature review provided here demonstrate continued discordance regarding the diagnostic work-up and treatment of periprosthetic shoulder infection. Conclusion It is imperative that the shoulder arthroplasty community adopts a uniform definition for periprosthetic shoulder infection as well as a multispecialty team-based approach to improve patient care and better focus future research. Level of Evidence Level IV; Survey Study; Case Series


Medicinal aromatic herbs have been used traditionally as a strong source of vegetables, spices and natural drugs for many centuries. Thus many recent researchers have become interested in its chemical extraction and antimicroorganism properties (1,2). The Ziziphora genus belongs to Lamiaceae family, with more than 15 species, mainly distributed in the Mediterranean mountainous regions of Europe, Asia and Africa. This plant with the Persian name of Kakuti, consists of four species including Ziziphora clinopodioides, Ziziphora tenuior, Ziziphora capita and Ziziphora persica is found in mountainous regions of Iran (3-5). Many researches have been conducted on the antioxidant, antibacterial and antifungal activities of the plants. It has been shown in Iranian and many Asian traditional medicine, such as Turkey, that the infusions of Ziziphora species, especially Ziziphora clinopodioides, have been used as antiseptic, carminative and sedative agent to treat cold, flu, cough, stomach ache and diarrhea (1,6-10). In relation to the phytochemical properties of Ziziphora genus, many researchers suggested that the Ziziphora species are rich in monoterpenoides and phenolic compounds such as thymol, pulegone, piperitenone and p-menth-3-en-8-ol, which can have antioxidant and antimicrobial activity against many infectious diseases and pathogens (2,11,12). Due to the extensive distribution of Ziziphora clinopodioides L. and also the wide usage of it in traditional medicine of different regions of East Azerbaijan in Iran, this work was performed to determine the antibacterial activity of Ziziphora clinopodioides L. essential oils and some standard antibiotics against the pathogenic and opportunistic pathogens isolated from women with urogenital tract infections, in order to replace natural antibacterial compounds from that plant rather than synthetic chemical antibiotics from this region.


Event-based sensors are a novel type of visual sensor that operate entirely differently to their traditional frame-based counterparts. Not bound by a synchronous frame-rate, pixels from these sensors respond both independently and asynchronously to changes in log-light intensity. Because of this operating paradigm, these sensors afford unique characteristics such as low power consumption, reduced bandwidth requirements, high temporal resolution (1 μs) and high dynamic range (120 dB). They therefore threaten to disrupt the well-established frame-based community and offer potential for significant enhancement to existing and future Defense capability. This research centers around object detection and tracking. Traditional framebased algorithms remain tied to predefined frame-rates and therefore suffer from motion blur, low dynamic range, speed limitations and high data processing requirements. Event-based sensors therefore present a novel solution to these challenges. This research establishes a fundamental understanding of the characteristics of event-based sensors and applies it to the development of a detection and tracking algorithm. In parallel, a basic frame-based detection and tracking algorithm has been developed and used to perform a comparative assessment against two different event-based detection and tracking algorithms. The first approach used event-based pseudo-frames parsed through standard frame-based tracking algorithms while the second used filtered events asynchronously to construct target tracks directly. While effective detection and tracking was demonstrated, overall this research did not find an ideal event-based solution that could be considered suitable to replace existing frame-based technology for this application. Nevertheless, the findings did show there is significant value in pursuing this technology further.


The concentrations of dimethylsulfide (DMS), dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) and chlorophyll a (Chl-a) as well as the size distribution of particulate DMSP (DMSPp) were determined in the Yellow Sea (YS) and Bohai Sea (BS) during two cruises from 1 to 20 November 2012 and from 21 June to 11 July 2013. Besides, the biological production and consumption rates of DMS and the degradation rates of dissolved DMSP (DMSPd) were also measured. The concentrations of DMS and DMSP showed a significant seasonal variation with higher values in summer, which corresponded well with the seasonal change of Chl-a in the study area. Both DMS and DMSPp concentrations were significantly correlated with Chl-a levels, implying that phytoplankton biomass might play an important role in controlling the distributions of DMS and DMSP in the study area. The size-fractionation research showed that nanophytoplankton (5–20 μm) contributed to most of Chl-a and DMSPp in autumn and summer. The average biological production and consumption rates of DMS during summer were 13.35 and 9.80 nmol L−1 d−1, respectively, which were much higher than those during autumn. The degradation rates of DMSPd during summer ranged from 7.10 to 21.70 nmol L−1 d−1, with an average of 14.71 nmol L−1 d−1, which was nearly equal to the average biological production rate (13.35 nmol L−1 d−1) of DMS. The average sea-to-air flux of DMS in the YS and BS were 12.06 and 20.81 μmol m−2 d−1 in autumn and in summer, respectively, which were much higher than the values reported in the ocean.


The geological information of the Jurassic record in the Northern Andes of Colombia indicates that during this time, magmatic activity, metamorphism, and sedimentation developed simultaneously. In the Santander Massif (Eastern Cordillera of Colombia), vestiges of this magmatic activity can be recognized by the presence of igneous plutonic bodies (Santander Plutonic Group). New paleontological studies in rocks from the sedimentary record of the Bocas Formation allowed for preliminary identification of conchostracans species: Shipingia hebaozhaiensis, Euestheria buravasi, and Laxitextella multireticulata of the Late Triassic age. U/Pb geochronology in ignimbrite and rhyolitic tuff of the Jordan Formation yielded ages of 199.37 ± 0.34 Ma and 198.49 ± 0.33 Ma defining an Early Jurassic age for this unit. These results indicate that the lithological record of volcanic origin within the Jordan Formation is contemporary with the development and genesis of the Santander Plutonic Group (age ~ 202-195 Ma).


Many applications of wireless sensor networks (WSN) require information about the geographic location of each sensor node. Devices that form WSN are expected to be remotely deployed in large numbers in a sensing field, and to self-organize to perform sensing and acting task. The goal of localization is to assign geographic coordinates to each device with unknown position in the deployment area. Recently, the popular strategy is to apply optimization algorithms to solve the localization problem. In this paper, we address issues associated with the application of heuristic techniques to accurate localization of nodes in a WSN system. We survey and discuss the location systems based on simulated annealing, genetic algorithms and evolutionary strategies. Finally, we describe and evaluate our methods that combine trilateration and heuristic optimization. Keywords—evolutionary strategy, genetic algorithm, localization, location systems, nonconvex optimization, simulated annealing, wireless sensor network.


This paper is concerned with the third-order BVP with integral boundary conditionsuu(t)+f(t,u(t))=0,t∈ [0,1],1u(0)=0,u′(0)=∫g(t)u′(t)dt,u″(1)=0.烆0By using the Leggett-Williams fixed point theorem,the existence of three positive solutions for the above boundary value problem is obtained.


The ability to deliver sustainable development is a significant issue for countries world-wide and the use of correct, current and integrated spatial information about the built and natural environments is paramount to this. SDIs have become crucial tools in facilitating how spatial data and spatial information are used. Initially SDIs were implemented as a mechanism to facilitate access and sharing of spatial data hosted in distributed GISs. Users now however require precise spatial information in real time about real world objects and the ability to develop and implement cross-jurisdictional and inter-agency solution to priorities such as emergency management, natural resource management, water rights and animal, pest and disease control. In order to achieve this, the concept of an SDI is moving to a new business paradigm, where SDI is emerging as an enabling platform to promote partnerships of spatial information organisations and data sharing.


A survey is described of people presenting with psychiatric problems to a north London accident and emergency (A&E) department over three months. Forty per cent presented with deliberate self-harm and 25% of these left before being assessed. Twenty per cent of those with problems compatible with a diagnosis of severe mental illness also left before being seen by a doctor. Differences between presentations 'out-of-hours' and 'in-hours' are described. Factors predicting admission were: previous psychiatric admission, symptoms of a psychotic or affective disorder and non-permanent accommodation. The survey has implications for the process of triage in A&E departments and the organisation of mental health liaison services.


Abstract This study proposes a guideline of a green roof system suitable for the local environment by verifying the growth of Zoysia japonica in a shallow, extensive, green roof system under rainfed condition. The experimental soil substrates into which excellent drought tolerance and creeping Z. japonica was planted were made with different soil thicknesses(15cm, 25cm) and soil mixing ratios(SL, P 7 P 1 L 2 , P 6 P 2 L 2 , P 5 P 3 L 2 , P 4 P 4 L 2 ). The plant height, green coverage ratio, fresh weight, dry weight and chlorophyll contents of Z. japonica were investigated.For the soil thickness of 15cm, the plant height of Z. japonica was significantly as affected by the soil mixing ratio and it was shown in the order SL= P 4 P 4 L 2 < P 7 P 1 L 2 = P 5 P 3 L 2 < P 6 P 2 L 2 . For the soil thickness of 25cm, the plant height was increased in order to SL < P 7 P 1 L 2 , P 6 P 2 L 2 , P 5 P 3 L 2 < P 4 P 4 L 2 . The green coverage ratio was not observed by soil the mixing ratio or soil thickness. However, the green coverage ratio was 86~90% with a good coverage rate overall. The chlorophyll contents of Z. japonica were not significantly affected by the soil mixing ratio in the soil thickness of 15cm, but were higher in the natural soil than in the artificial soil at 25cm soil thickness. The fresh weight and dry weight of Zoysia japonica were heavier in the 25cm thickness than in the 15cm thickness and in the artificial soil mixture than in the natural soil. The result indicated that the growth of Zoysia japonica was more effective in the 25cm soil thickness with artificial soil than in the 15cm soil thickness with natural soil in the green roof system under rainfed condition.Key Words :Green roof system, Soil mixture ratio, Soil thickness, Zoysia japonica , Growth condition, Natural soil, Artificial soil


This paper deals with the development of a sequential extraction method to separate the Ca-bound and Fe-and Al-bound humus from soils. First, comparative analyses were carried out on dissolution of synthetic organo-mineral complexes by different extractants, i. e. 0.1M Na4P2O7, 0.1M NaOH + 0.1M Na4P2O7 mixture, 0.1M NaOH, 0.5M (NaPO3)6 and 0.5M neutral Na2SO4. Among the five extractants, 0.1M NaOH +0.1M Na4P2O7 mixture was the most efficient in extracting humus from various complexes. 0.5M Na2SO4 had a better specificity to Ca than 0.5M (NaPO3)6, by only extracting Ca-bound humus without destorying Fe- and Al-bound organo-mineral complexes. Then sequential extractions first with 0.5M Na2SO4 and then with 0.1M NaOH + 0.1M Na4P2O7 mixture were applied to a series of soil samples with different degrees of base saturation. The cations were dominated by Ca in the 0.5M Na2SO4 extract and by Al in the 0.1M NaOH +0.1M Na4P2O7 mixture. The sequential extraction method can efficiently separate or isolate Ca-bound and Fe- and Al-bound humus from each other.


Using the management fashion perspective as a theoretical lens, we explicate the limited success of the beyond budgeting (BB) concept in Sweden from a supply-side perspective. The fashion perspective assumes that management concepts do not emerge or diffuse by popular demand, instead viewing the activities of supply-side actors, such as management consultants, professional associations, and academics, as crucial to the success of management concepts in a marketplace of potential users. We conceptualize a management fashion-setting process that enabled us to explore how and why actors have selected or rejected BB, how and why BB has been processed, the channels through which BB has been disseminated, and how and why supply-side actors interact (or do not interact) with other supply-side actors and other parties in these activities. Our findings suggest that a weakly mobilized supply side has produced heavily reduced, heterogeneous packages of rhetoric and design characteristics regarding the BB concept that have reached only a small portion of the target audience of potential adopters. Our study illustrates how barriers to diffusion are created on the supply side in the absence of the localization of BB.


The opioid epidemic has become a major public health crisis in recent years. Discharge opioid prescription following cardiac surgery has been associated with opioid use disorder; however, ideal practices remain unclear. Our aim was to examine current practices in discharge opioid prescription among cardiac surgeons and trainees.


Aims. EX Lupi is the prototype of EXors, a subclass of low-mass pre-main sequence stars whose episodic eruptions are attributed to temporarily increased accretion. In quiescence the optical and near-infrared properties of EX Lup cannot be distinguished from those of normal T Tau stars. Here we investigate whether it is the circumstellar disk structure that makes EX Lup an atypical Class II object. During outburst the disk might undergo structural changes. Our characterization of the quiescent disk is intended to serve as a reference for studying the physical changes related to one of EX Lupi's strongest known eruptions in 2008 Jan–Sep. Methods. We searched the literature for photometric and spectroscopic observations including ground-based, IRAS, ISO, and Spitzer data. After constructing the optical–infrared spectral energy distribution (SED), we compared it with the typical SEDs of other young stellar objects and modeled it using the Monte Carlo radiative transfer code RADMC. We determined the mineralogical composition of the 10 μm silicate emission feature and also gave a description of the optical and near-infrared spectra. Results. The SED is similar to that of a typical T Tauri star in most aspects, though EX Lup emits higher flux above 7 μm. The quiescent phase data suggest low-level variability in the optical–mid-infrared domain. By integrating the optical and infrared fluxes, we derived a bolometric luminosity of 0.7 L� . The 10 μm silicate profile could be fitted by a mixture consisting of amorphous silicates,


010 publishers, 1997). 4 E. Manzini and F. J?gou, Sustainable Everyday: Scenarios of Urban Life (Milan: Edizioni Ambiente, 2003). Introduction The relationship between sustainability and product design has been the subject of extensive debate in recent years, and is clearly complex and multifaceted. It is frequently presented in terms of product life cycle, materials, manufacturing, and environmental issues.12 There also has been considerable discussion about the design of longer lasting products, and of the links between products and services.3 4 These approaches make important contributions to sustainability. They can help reduce product impacts and improve production effi ciencies. However, they also tend to be rather prosaic and dominated by pragmatic concerns. As such, they seldom ask more fundamental questions about the meaning and place of products in our lives, and the contribution of material goods to what might be broadly termed "the human endeavor." Therefore, these approaches neither address the crux of the problem nor do they allow us to fully appreciate the magnitude of the shift in attitudes and expectations that is demanded by "sustainability." Here, a different path is taken in an attempt to address this deficiency and, hopefully, to increase our understanding of sustain ability and product design. Artifacts are considered in terms of their characteristics and meanings. The artifacts have been specifically chosen because they have existed in one form or another in human societies for millennia, and are still made and used today. When objects have been produced over such long periods of time, span ning diverse cultures, languages, and understandings, then we can be sure that there are lessons to be learned from them about our relationships with material things, and our contemporary efforts to tackle sustainable issues in product design and manufacturing. In pursuing this line of thought, objects have been classified into three broad categories: (1) functional, (2) social /positional, and (3) inspirational/spiritual. The characteristics of objects in each of these categories are described, and their relationship to sustainability is discussed. These broad areas overlap, and objects that combine these characteristics also are discussed; and it is suggested that the "functional" plus "social/positional" combination is the most problematic in terms of sustainability. Furthermore, there are some objects that combine all three classifications. One of these in particu lar has been present in human societies for thousands of years, and


The Sentiment Analysis is the process use to determine the semantic orientation of the reviews. There are many algorithms are exists for the sentiment classification. Support vector machines are a specific type of machine learning algorithm used for many statistical learning problems, such as text classification, spam filtering, face and object recognition, handwriting analysis and countless others. We have studied the SVM as the recent machine learning method for sentiment classification, this method later suppressed by using feature extraction method. We find a way to reduce the size of summary using LSA feature extraction method. In this paper we are extending and investigating the SVM method by addition of the parallel processing methods of sentiment classification such as MapReduce and Hadoop. The practical evaluation of SVM with and without MapReduce as well as LSA is presented in this paper.


This paper is to develop a Reservation based vehicle parking system to overcome the problem of unnecessary time consumption in finding parking spot in commercial parking areas. In this proposed system, we reserve the parking slots not only in shopping malls, theatres and offices but also in a busy area such as a local market or a bus stand etc. This is achieved by using the waste land that is surrounded the busy areas and the use of houses that has enough space for a vehicle to park. User can book the slot prior to his journey and he will be notified on the respective date. There is a real-time visual going on when the user wants to book a slot. He will know the slots that are booked and that are vacant. The landowners or the house owners who want to rent the land can also register easily using the application. Thus user can just reserve the slot using our application.


Using the Lagrange energy method, the dynamic equations of the soil - eccentric structure interaction system is established. By applying the linear quadratic regulator (LQR) control theory, the calculated control gain is converted to the equivalent viscous fluid damping gain using a minimum norm method (MNM). In the case of including the soil-structure interaction into consideration, the translational and torsional responses of single-story asymmetric buildings installed with the VFDs under unidirectional earthquakes is investigated. Simultaneously, the effects of the structural aspect ratio, torsional to translational frequency ratio, stiffness eccentricity, soil earthiness and different types of seismic waves on the optimal eccentric positions of the VFDs are numerically evaluated. Through extensive numerical analysis and comparisons, the conclusions obtained herein will be much useful for the design of the VFDs for eccentric structures under earthquakes.


The personality traits in 61 consecutive patients affected by secondary amenorrhea requesting help for menstrual disorders were evaluated. Patients were administered the reduced form of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and a semistructured interview. Clinical, instrumental and neuroendocrine examinations were done, including plasma estrogens, luteinizing hormone (LH) pulsatility study, thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) test. Nine patients were excluded because the endocrine evaluation did not show evidence of certain pathological changes. The remaining 52 patients were considered for this study and divided into two groups according to the presence (16 cases) or the absence (36 cases) of an acute life event temporally related to the onset of amenorrhea. MMPI profiles showed high levels in all scales of 'Neurotic area' and a reduction in the correction (K) and masculinity—femininity (Mf) scales in the group with a life event. With the neuroendocrine approach 87.5% of these patients s...


Technology planning is important for many reasons. Globally, companies are facing many competitive problems. Technology roadmapping, a form of technology planning can help deal with this increasingly competitive environment. While it has been used by some companies and industries, the focus has always been on the technology roadmap as a product, not on the process. This report focuses on formalizing the process so that it can be more broadly and easily used. As a DOE national security laboratory with R&D as a major product, Sandia must do effective technology planning to identify and develop the technologies required to meet its national security mission. Once identified, technology enhancements or new technologies may be developed internally or collaboratively with external partners. For either approach, technology roadmapping, as described in this report, is an effective tool for technology planning and coordination, which fits within a broader set of planning activities. This report, the second in a series on technology roadmapping, develops and documents this technology roadmapping process, which can be used by Sandia, other national labs, universities, and industry. The main benefit of technology roadmapping is that it provides information to make better technology investment decisions by identifying critical technologies and technology gaps and identifying ways to leverage R&D investments. It can also be used as a marketing tool. Technology roadmapping is critical when the technology investment decision is not straight forward. This occurs when it is not clear which alternative to pursue, how quickly the technology is needed, or when there is a need to coordinate the development of multiple technologies. The technology roadmapping process consists of three phases - preliminary activity, development of the technology roadmap, and follow-up activity.


Abstract: We describe a specimen of Karsenia koreana, the only Asian plethodontid salamander, found in the herpetology collection of Ewha Woman's University Natural History Museum (EWNHM), Republic of Korea. This specimen was collected in Daedun Mountain, North Jeolla Province on 8 May 1978 and subsequently misidentified as Hynobius leechii. Therefore, the collection of this particular specimen predates the formal description of the species by 27 years. We also remark on the specimen previously described by Nishikawa (2009) and an observation of K. koreana made in Baekun Mountain on 24 August 1999. These records altogether represent fuller historical data on records of this species prior to its formal description.


The thickness, loading, and broadband noise generated from the trailing edge of the UH-1H main rotor are numerically compared each other. The Kocureck and Tangier's prescribed wake model is adopted to represent the wake geometry during the hovering motion. Three tip Mach numbers of M T = 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8, are selected to analyze the effects of different tip Mach numbers. At M T = 0.8, in considering the A-weighting and audible frequency band, the random noise is smaller than the tonal noises such as the thickness and the loading noise which have the low frequency characteristics. Especially most of the random noise frequency spread on the ultrasound region. On the other hand, below M T = 0.4, the band of random noise moves to the audible frequency region, and the random noise becomes larger than the tonal noise. It turns out that the random noise analysis of the rotor should be necessary at low speed operating condition.


The development program will be successful by improving the position of women in the community according to one millennium development with one of the indicators of achievement by 2015 promoting gender equality and women's empowerment and ensuring the sustainability of environmental functions. The extent to which such rights and obligations can be exercised by women is not only dependent on others but also on the nature of the dependence and independence of the woman herself. This study aims to analyze and know how the influence of socio-economic conditions on the attitudes of women workers to their profession as measured from the level of education, family income and burden of family dependents. The population in this study is all women batik craftsmen in Sumberjambe Village Jember. This research is explanatory research that is research to test the relation or influence between hypothesized variables. In this study there is clearly a hypothesis that will be tested the truth. Analyzer used is multiple linear regression analysis. The result of the analysis shows that the socio-economic condition influences the attitude of the batik craftsmen worker in Sumberjambe Village.


Purpose: This work revealed the advantages of percutaneous suture of the Achilles tendon using an improved technique with entirely resorbable material. Material and methods: Thirty cases of subcutaneous tears were operated on two to ten days after the accident (range 24 hr – 7 weeks). We used a 4-thread resorbable V-suture anchored in the calcaneum and, after blocking the ankle in the equine position, on the proximal fragment using two bioresorbable buttons. Postoperatively, immediate weight bearing was progressive using an adjustable and removable orthesis. Active-passive rehabilitation was initiated immediately. The material was left in place indefinitely and was resorbed after three months. Results: We followed these patients for 24 – 8 months. Wound healing was excellent and material tolerance was exceptional (only one complaint of transient calcaneal pain). Objective outcome was comparable with that obtained with conventional suture, with a significant reduction in the risk of skin and neurological complications. There were no cases of recurrent tears. CT and MRI controls confirmed the early healing, the quality of the tendon repair, and material resorption within the expected delay. Subjective outcome was excellent. Discussion: While the results obtained in this series are comparable to those with prior percutaneous techniques, the important improvement was the very significant reduction in skin and neurological complications often reported in other series. It is also noteworthy that there were no recurrent tears. The advantages are even more remarkable compared with surgery. The greater solidity authorises very rapid rehabilitation, similar to protocols advocated for nonoperative care. The limitations on indications appear to be tears seen after three weeks and true calcaneal de-insertions. Conclusion: This technique improves patient comfort and follow-up while allowing safer rehabilitation.


An automated software testing model is designed in order to shorten the test cycle and improve the efficiency of software automation test. Automated test procedures can be customized within the framework according to the test scenarios. The automated test process can be rapidly developed by reusing the components in the framework. The script technology,keyword-driven technology and eXtensible Markup Language(XML) technology are adopted in the automated software testing framework.The scratch can improve testing efficiency and reduce the working pressure of the test personnel. It can improve the utilization of test assets,enhance the maintainability of the script,and reduce the preparation time of the automated testing. The automated testing program based on the framework has been initially applied to some small projects,which can cover the basic functional testing needs.


In this study, epoxy‐terminated silicon oxide surfaces were chemically derivatized with trifluoroacetic anhydride (TFAA) and 4‐(trifluoromethyl)‐benzylamine (TFMBA) and analyzed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, near‐edge X‐ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy and water contact angle measurements. TFAA was used for quantitative derivatization to determine the amount of reactive epoxy groups on these surfaces. Furthermore, epoxy‐terminated surfaces were derivatized with TFMBA (a model compound for biomolecules with an amino linker) yielding secondary amines because of formation of covalent C–N bonds between TFMBA and the epoxy films. Fluorine being part of TFAA and TFMBA composition was used to follow the progress of the chemical derivatization reaction. Both derivatization agents – TFAA and TFMBA – gave comparable reaction yields of ~60% on epoxy silicon surfaces, whereas on epoxy glass slides, the derivatization yields were considerably lower (30–40%).The protocol for attachment of TFMBA (model compound) on epoxy‐modified surfaces was adapted to (bio)molecules with an amino linker, e.g. carbohydrates to prepare carbohydrate‐functionalized biointerfaces. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The utility model discloses a novel touch-control screen structure, which comprises a display screen and a backlight source under the display screen, wherein an electronic scanning plate is arranged under the backlight source, and the display screen, the backlight source and the electronic scanning plate are superposed in sequence. The novel touch-control screen structure has the touch control function, while the effect of the liquid crystal display screen is not influenced; the novel touch-control screen structure is only controlled by an electromagnetic pen and avoids unnecessary misoperation; and the touch-control flexibility is also greatly improved.


Project labor agreements on public construction projects have been generating considerable controversy since the U.S. Supreme Court's unanimous 1993 "Boston Harbor" decision. Here we review a num ber of subsequent state and federal court cases, several state laws, proposed legislation, and President Bush's recent executive order on project labor agreements. We also identify and more closely examine several key arguments of the opponents of project labor agreements. We conclude with an outline for building and con struction trades unions and councils to utilize in determining whether or not project labor agreements are appropriate on a case- by-case basis.


There has been great effort in programming languages make FPGAs easier to use. On the other hand, there is little progress in the execution environment, especially operating systems, for the support of FPGA. The operating system basically treats the FPGA in the same way as regular non-reconfigurable hardware devices. Therefore, the programmability of FPGA is not fully exploited. This paper proposes an operating system framework for transparent execution of a program on a CPU and FPGA. It enables the execution of a program to be off-loaded to FPGA on demand by making FPGAs programmable computing resources by making programs that utilize FPGAs to be executed transparently on a CPU. The paper shows the experiment results that the proposed framework enables the reduction of the total execution time of a program by parallel execution of the program and the initialization of FPGA.


Background: Diabetes mellitus is the most common endocrinopathy encountered in the perioperative period and has long been assumed to increase perioperative risk. However, when diabetes mellitus was segregated from old age and the complications of it, it was questioned that diabetes mellitus itself increased perioperative risk. In this study, we investigated the influence of hyperglycemia on the length of postoperative hospital stay. Methods: We studied 100 patients undergone intra-abdominal operations with general anesthesia. These patients were divided into the hyperglycemic group (n = 20) with postoperative blood glucose level higher than 10 mM and the non-hyperglycemic group (n = 80) with glucose level lower than 10 mM and we investigated the length of postoperative hospital stay, serum electrolyte, serum chemistry, arterial blood gas values, and base excess by unmeasured anions. We also divided these patients into the diabetic patients group (n = 15) and the non-diabetic patients group (n = 85) and compared the same variables. Results: The length of postoperative hospital stay was significantly prolonged in the hyperglycemic group ( days) compared with the non-hyperglycemic group ( days), and the cumulative postoperative hospital stay curves based on Kaplan-Meier method also showed significant difference between the two groups. When we compared the length of postoperative hospital stay between the diabetic and the non-diabetic patients, there was no significant difference. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that hyperglycemia prolonged the length of postoperative hospital stay. This finding suggests that the patient´s glucose level should be monitored and controlled within an adequate range perioperatively.


A simple label-free approach for the detection of copper ions with high selectivity and sensitivity has been developed by using single-stranded DNA templated formation of silver nanoclusters (DNA-Ag NCs) as a novel light-scattering sensor.


I review, at a general non‐technical level, the main properties of models in extra dimensions where the Higgs field is identified with some internal component of a gauge field.


expression of NR. Activity of all four enzymes decreased in nitrate-limited wild-type plants. (iv) In the light, malate accumulated, citrate decreased, and about 30% of the assimilated nitrate accumulated temporarily as glutamine, ammonium, glycine and serine. These changes were reversed during the night. (v) It is proposed that the diurnal changes of expression facilitate preferential synthesis of malate to act as a counter-anion for pH regulation during the first part of the light period when NR activity is high, and preferential synthesis of 2-oxoglutarate to act as a nitrogen acceptor later in the day when large amounts of nitrogen have accumulated in ammonium, glutamine and other amino acids including glycine in the photorespiration pathway, and NR activity has been decreased. ABSTRACT Diurnal changes of transcript levels for key enzymes in nitrate and organic acid metabolism and the accompanying changes of enzyme activities and metabolite levels were investigated in nitrogen-sufficient wild-type tobacco, in transfomants with decreased expression of nitrate reduc- tase, and in nitrate-deficient wild-type tobacco. (i) In nitro- gen-sufficient wild-type plants, transcript levels for nitrate reductase (NR, EC 184.108.40.206), nitrite reductase (NIR, EC 188.8.131.52) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC, EC 126.96.36.199) were high at the end of the night and decreased markedly during the light period. The levels of these three transcripts were increased and the diurnal changes were damped in genotypes with decreased expression of nitrate reductase. The levels of these transcripts were very low in nitrate-limited wild-type plants, except for a small rise after irrigation with 0·2 mM nitrate. (ii) The levels of the tran- scripts for cytosolic pyruvate kinase (PK, EC 22.214.171.124), mitochondrial citrate synthase (CS, EC 220.127.116.11) and NADP- isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP-ICDH, EC 126.96.36.199) were highest at the end of the light period and beginning of the night. These three transcripts increase and the diurnal changes were damped in genotypes with decreased expression of NR. (iii) The diurnal changes of transcript levels were accompanied by changes in the activities of the encoded enzymes. The activities of NR and PEPC were highest in the early part of the light period, whereas the activities of PK and NADP-ICDH were highest later in the light period and during the first part of the night and CS activity was highest at the end of the night. Activity of PEPC, PK, CS and NADP-ICDH increased and the diurnal changes were damped in genotypes with low


ABSTRACT This study critically examines the role of multinational corporations in the global competitiveness of Nigeria. The primary purpose is to make a modest contribution to the debate on Nigeria's competitiveness in the emerging global economy. This study recommends the redefinition of national development goals and reorientation of the focus of MNCs toward such goals. Future industrial policy will need to address the following areas: (1) Promoting competitiveness, especially improving technological capabilities in a market economy; (2) Shifting the incentive structure strongly towards export orientation; (3) Helping import-substituting industries to restructure and upgrade their technologies and skills; (4) Investing in infrastructure, education, training and technological support services; and (5) Promoting regional cooperation to enlarge markets.


Biopsies of apparently normal skin were obtained from 30 unselected patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. The immunoglobulin class distribution of the immune deposits at the dermal-epidermal junction was determined in order to assess associated disease patterns and to investigate the possibility that the immunoglobulin classes in the skin were an indication of the classes of serum anti-native DNA antibodies. Biopsy specimens containing IgG deposits were obtained from 10 patients with more active disease and a greater incidence of glomerulonephritis than those patients with only IgM deposits or negative biopsies. However, in this unselected group of patients the immunoglobulin class of the immune deposits did not necessarily indicate the class of serum anti-native DNA antibodies. Therefore biopsy of clinically uninvolved skin will not always identify SLE patients with an immunological restriction to IgM antibody production.


In electromagnetics, the integral equation method is an important method for solving electromagnetic problems. In this paper, the Moment of Method and Nyström, two methods commonly used to discretize integral equations at present, are compared. And we propose an improved Nyström method by using a Lagrange's Interpolation to achieve uniform source points and matching points. This method is used to solve electromagnetic scattering by dielectric objects and numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the method.


AA 22/12 - Glass Plate Negative - Archaeological Site, Macdonnell Bay, South East of South Australia (1914) - AA 22 Herbert Basedow - Guide to Records


Here self–injective means that each projective module is injective as well, whereas weakly symmetric says that the projective cover of any given simple module is the injective envelope of the same simple module. That is, the permutation top(P ) 7→ soc(P ) (for P indecomposable projective–injective) is the identity. It is well–known that in general all these inclusions are proper. The main result of this note states that inside the class of cellular algebras (which contains group algebras of symmetric groups, various kinds of Hecke algebras, Brauer algebras, Temperley–Lieb algebras, ..., see [2]) the third one of these inclusions is an identity.


Weather-related variables (temperature and rain) are examined for their association with daily cigarette smoking. Prior research has examined how the average monthly temperature and summer versus winter months are related to smoking, but daily fluctuations in weather have not been examined previously. The current research tests whether daily changes in weather are related to young adult cigarette use. In addition, nicotine dependency is tested as a moderator of such associations. Nine hundred and twelve participants were recruited to complete weekly measures of cigarette smoking for 35 weeks. Participants provided weekly self-reports of daily smoking for the last week and completed measures of nicotine dependence. In addition, data was obtained on daily temperature and presence of rain. A longitudinal growth curve model was calculated using daily temperature and rain data to predict daily cigarette smoking. A positive linear effect and negative quadratic effect of temperature was found along with a negative effect of rain. Nicotine dependency did not moderate the effect of temperature or rain on smoking. This study is the first to use daily measures of temperature and rain and corresponding daily measures of cigarette smoking to examine possible associations. Results support the relevance of weather-related variables in the prediction of cigarette smoking and the importance of considering environmental factors in understanding smoking behaviour.


The aim of this study was to verify whether lipid emulsion treatment aggravates infection and inflammation in very low‐birthweight (VLBW) infants.


The main purpose of this project is to build a C++ library that allows efficient computation of sparse matrices stored in different formats such as COO, CSR, DIA etc.


Background: Adolescent inpatients with substance use disorder (SUD) and a history of child maltreatment (CM) present a vulnerable population at considerable risk of poor health and social outcomes. The aims of this study were to explore the proportion of adolescent inpatients with SUD and a history of CM and to compare these patients to inpatients with SUD and no history of CM. Methods: In this retrospective chart review, we explored adolescent patients who were consecutively admitted to a regional child and adolescent inpatient unit for psychiatric care and met DSM (5th ed) criteria for SUD. A standardized form was created and used to extract clinical information and psychosocial histories. Results: From 1 September 2019 to 28 February 2020, 126 adolescents were admitted with SUD, and for 80 (63.3%) patients, a history of CM was recorded in the medical charts. Patients with a history of CM were significantly more likely to be female (p = 0.02), have longer lengths of stay (p = 0.04), to be readmitted (p = 0.03), be diagnosed with trauma/stress-related (p = 0.04) and eating disorders (p = 0.05), to have a parent with a mental illness (p = 0.01), experienced physical (p < 0.01) and sexual (p < 0.01) assaults and homelessness (p < 0.01), and to engage in self-harming behaviors (p < 0.01) than inpatients with SUD but no history of CM. Conclusions: Almost two-thirds of adolescent inpatients with an SUD reported a history of CM. Addressing their specific clinical and psychosocial vulnerabilities through comprehensive treatment and discharge plans may reduce readmission and improve quality of life.


Conventional atomic force microscope nanomanipulation is inefficient because of the serial imaging/manipulation operation. We present here a parallel imaging/manipulation force microscope (PIMM) to improve manipulation efficiency. The PIMM is equipped with two individually actuated cantilevers with protrudent tips. One cantilever acts as an imaging sensor by scanning nano-objects and tip of the other cantilever that is used as a manipulating tool. Two manipulation schemes were introduced to fulfill parallel imaging/manipulation tasks with normal and high-speed image scan, respectively. Performance of the PIMM was validated by the parallel imaging/manipulation of nanoparticles to form a nanopattern with a commonly used pushing operation.


In industrial and scientific practice, the term print quality is often used and refers to uniform lines with smooth outlines. However, up to date there are no consistent measuring methods to quantify print quality. Therefore, this paper presents a novel approach to print quality assessment by utilizing simple, accurate and objective methods based on image processing and statistics methods. The goal is to find methods which are capable of evaluating the print quality for different materials and processes which could also be used for inline quality control in the future. This paper is divided into two main parts. In the first part methods to calculate ideal line spacing, line widths, outline homogeneity of printed lines as well as measuring the cross section of printed conductors. The second part focuses verifying these methods. Here, the possibility to calculate minimal line widths and line spacing for layout purposes for different screen printing pastes on PET is shown. Finally, print quality performance is assessed for different pastes on PET and PI substrates.


Health information for patients is gaining importance. As a result of modern information and communication technologies the public has access to an immense amount of information on health and disease. Moreover, the patient is developing from a passive to an active and responsible participant in healthcare. A key prerequisite for active and responsible participation is access to high-quality and individually tailored information. Information providers and intermediaries therefore need a thorough understanding of the patient. Research activities on health information needs and informationseeking behaviour of patients have greatly increased. Until now, patients with depressive disorders have rarely been investigated. This explorative study examined patients and healthcare professionals. Two questionnaires were therefore designed for the survey. In Subproject I, 75 patients with a depressive syndrome were interviewed in the short-term inpatient unit of the Crisis Intervention Centre of the Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich. Subproject II focused on the healthcare professionals: 169 pharmacists, 129 general practitioners, 196 psychiatrists, 11 case managers from health insurance companies and 19 pharmaceutical companies (with antidepressants in their portfolio) participated in the survey. In Subproject III, the individual perspectives of the patients and the healthcare professionals were merged to form an overall picture. In Subproject I, the information needs and information-seeking behaviour of the patients were examined together with related factors. The results provide insight into the required type, amount, form and topics of information as well as into the general information-seeking behaviour and the use of information sources. The main result was the view of patients in an acute psychological crisis that "rational" information on their disease and treatment – provided it is especially geared to them – is as important as information about emotional support. "Rational" information about disease and treatment that was not focused on the particular patient was rated as less important. Specifically, the patients regarded information relating to other patients as least important. These results suggest that it is not the content of the information – disease and treatment or emotional support – but rather its customization


Prior research showed that interleaved practice (studying multiple skills at once) is more effective than blocked practice (studying only one skill at a time). This study aims to replicate the benefits of interleaved practice on the proceduralization of second language (L2) syntax and further examines the role of working memory (WM) in different practice schedules. Sixty English learners studied five types of relative-clause constructions under either blocked- or interleaved-practice conditions. The blocked-practice group engaged in systematic form-focused speaking practice with exemplars blocked by syntactic category, while the interleaved-practice group received mixed exemplars from the different categories. The proceduralization of grammatical knowledge was measured by analysing the accuracy and speed indices from a picture description test, which was administered immediately and one week after the training session. Learners' WM capacity was measured using a listening-span task. Results showed that interleaved practice led to more accurate performance on both immediate and delayed posttests than blocked practice. The advantage of interleaved practice was less pronounced for the speed dimension of performance. Furthermore, interleaved practice facilitated skill development regardless of learners' WM capacity, whereas in the blocked-practice condition, learners with higher WM capacity benefited more than those with lower WM capacity in speeding up of relative clause use, which presumably reflects the proceduralization–automatization stage.


In our previous study, we combined the beta-lactam antibiotics with essential oils to examine their in vitro antimicrobial activity against plasmid-conferred multidrug-resistant bacteria. The result highlighted a pronounced synergism between piperacillin and cinnamon bark (Cinnamomum verum (cort.)) essential oil (CB) against betalactamase TEM-1 bacteria, resulting in a fractional inhibitory index (FIC) of 0.5 [37]. Essential oils consist of about 20 to 60 components that are highly complex and volatile, and are secondary metabolites produced by aromatic plants. A study on the combination effects of commercially available cinnamon oil and antibiotics (doxycycline hyclate, metronidazole, and ciprofloxacin hydrochloride) was carried out against Staphylococcus aureus, but the mode of action is unknown [21]. The antibacterial activity of cinnamon combined with clove essential oils in vapor phase wielded a synergistic effect for the inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus cereus, and Yersinia enterocolitica [14]. Studies on the use of cinnamon oil in the food industry in preventing food spoilage and foodborne diseases were also reported [3, 27]. There are many factors contributing to the antimicrobial activity of essential oils, Received: July 21, 2014 Revised: October 18, 2014 Accepted: November 9, 2014


Coupled problems are a persistent matter of interest in science and
engineering both for their computational challenges and their numerous
applications. In the beginning of this talk we will give a very brief overview
on some of our current research areas involving coupled problems. These
are ranging from membrane wing aerodynamics, FSI of rocket nozzles to
plating processes and the large area of biomechanics. The focus of the
talk (and also this extended abstract) will be on computational modeling
of the human lung accounting for fluid-structure interaction effects in the
airways and interfacial phenomena in the respiratory zone.


The purpose and scope of this project was to produce a series of professional identity videos for a client - CCI TV, an internet and television broadcast channel, to a brief from them. It looks at the contrast between internet and television broadcast by direct feedback and viewership numbers, and the issue of ever changing media platforms regarding idents and television shows. The report also considers the carrying out of research and design methods for the production and creation of seasonal idents, and the feedback they received, whilst also looking back critically on the ident production as a whole.