An outbreak of red-body disease in Pacific white leg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei happened in a large-scale breeding farm in Zhejiang Province,2011.Ten strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus were isolated from the hepatopancreas instead of White Spot Syndrome Virus and Taura Syndrome Virus.These strains were separated into three novel sequence types(ST) by Multilocus sequence typing(MLST) based on the concatenated genes dnaE-gyrB-recA-dtdS-pntA-pyrC-tnaA,including ST413 in one strain,ST414 in seven strains and ST415 in two strains.ST413 was found to consist of two novel allelic profiles,recA-166 and tnaA-121,and ST414 to be comprised of one novel allelic profile,and gyrB-219.These novel allelic profiles and STs were confirmed and deposited by the MLST website.There were 100% nucleotide similarities between these novel STs and known STs in less than three alleles in the MLST website.These findings indicated that the V.parahaemolyticus isolates underwent considerable level of molecular variations,with remarkable genetic diversity.This study represents the first report of Pacific white leg shrimp red-body disease caused by three novel ST isolates of V.parahaemolyticus.


This paper presents a kind of unconnected graph St(m)∪K_(p,q) for natural numbers m,p,q∈N~+(N~+ represents the set of positive integers). And it is proved that graph St(m)∪K_(p,q) is a k-graceful graph when k1 and min{p,q}≥2, while the graph is a (k,d) arithmetic graph when k(q-1)d+1(d1 and d∈N~+) .


One of the goals of LINDAT/CLARIN Centre for Language Research Infrastructure is to provide technical background to institutions or researchers who wants to share their tools and data used for research in linguistics or related research fields. The digital repository is built on a highly customised DSpace platform.


In this article, a genetic algorithm is used to optimize the separator pressures in a multistage crude oil and multistage gas condensate production unit with four and three separators respectively. This leads to the generation of more accurate results for the quality and quantity of oil remaining in the stock tank for both crude oil and gas condensate production units. Genetic-based optimized pressures for crude oil separators resulted in 1.8% and 2% enhancement in oil remaining in the stock tank for summer and winter respectively. API gravity of the stock tank oil was improved 2.4% in summer and 2.2% in winter. For the gas condensate production unit, optimized pressures can enhance by 8.6% and 8.1% the oil remaining in the stock tank for summer and winter respectively. The API gravity of stock tank liquid also increased by 2.6% for both summer and winter.


(-) -Ambrox (1) and (+) -8-demethylisoambrox (2), which give out a strong ambergris-type odor, were efficiently synthesized from (-) -levopimaric acid (3). The keto diester (8) was obtained by ozonolysis of methyl levopimalate. By the Wittig reaction, followed by epoxidation and reduction, the methyl and hydroxyl groups at C-8 were introduced. The triol (15) was convefted to the 8 α, 12-epoxy mesylate (16) by dehydration with methanesulfonyl chloride. The reduction of 16 with sodium iodide and zinc dust gave (-) -ambrox (1).


I heard of an old lady the other day, to whom all the great men of her time had written. When Froude's Carlyle came out, she marched up to her room & to an old chest there wherein she kept their letters, & she flung them into the fire. " They were written to me" she said " not to the public! " & she set her chimney on fire, & her children & grandchildren ran in. " The chimney's on fire." " Never mind," she said & went on burning. I should like to raise an altar to that old lady & burn incense upon it.1


It is noteworthy that the year 2015 marks the end of set targets to achieve the 8 Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and, the onset of the prioritization of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The MDGs provided a shared framework for global action and cooperation on development from 2000 to the end of 2015. The MDGs aim was to reduce extreme poverty and hunger, tackle ill-health, gender inequality, lack of education, lack of access to clean water and environmental degradation (UNDP 2000). For the post-2015 era, 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have been proposed to be used as benchmarks to inform national programmes. Plausibly, SDG 8 highlights that decent work is key for sustainable development and should be a priority for the 2015-post development agenda. This will ensure healthy lives and promote the well-being for all at all ages (SDG 3) and hopefully achieve total eradication of poverty and hunger (SDG1).


Genetic algorithm (GA) are based on the continuation of fitter ones' lives considering the natural evolution. Data are coded as genes in the genetic algorithms. Optimal solutions can be achieved through the methods of crossing and mutation performed on these coded genes. Facade elements of the buildings with an architectural design in this study are independent of sustainability-related concerns, suggesting a great issue for the new buildings to be constructed in the traditional pattern. Accordingly, using the genetic algorithm method, proposals were presented for the new door and window typologies with genetic fitness for the architectural designing process of the buildings to be constructed in Suriçi Region, Diyarbakır, Turkey. Shape grammar, fractal and genetic algorithm, three generative designing systems, were used as the methods. Utilizing the genetic algorithm method, a field study was performed for the proposal of new door and window typologies with the fitness value. The field study was assessed through the plans and facade analyses regarding six Diyarbakır traditional houses with U plan type in Suriçi region of Diyarbakır. An identity card was created for the plan and facade data of the buildings and transferred to the table. Then, the door and window typologies of the exterior facade elements of each examined building were crossed within themselves with the GA method. As a result of the crossover, alternative joinery typologies with a total of 31 windows and 53 different door typologies with compatibility values were produced. Thus, the sustainability of the data of traditional joinery typologies for use in contemporary houses has been ensured. In conclusion, optimal alternative typologies were presented in regard to every chopping typology assessed with the genetic algorithm method. It is thought that this study should be a method that can be used in the production of exterior joinery typologies of contemporary houses to be built in many different cities of our country, especially in the historical texture. Thus, by using the GA method for the production of exterior joinery typologies of contemporary houses to be built in the region, different designers will be able to obtain various designs compatible with the traditional architectural texture while preserving their originality.


The perturbative expansion introduced by Zwanzig [R. W. Zwanzig, J. Chem. Phys. {\bf 22}, 1420 (1954)] expresses the difference in Helmholtz free energy between a system of interest and that of a reference system as series of cumulants $\kappa_n$ of the potential energy difference between the two systems. This expansion has attractive features as a method for obtaining absolute free energies for {\it ab initio} potential energy surfaces. The series is formally a power series in $\beta=1/T$, suggesting that its usefulness may be limited to high temperature. However, for smooth reference potentials, the $T$-dependence of the $\kappa_n$ contributes to the convergence. A closed form expression is derived for the $\kappa_n$ to all orders for the case that both the system and reference potentials are harmonic. In this case $\kappa_n \propto T^n$ for $n \ge 2$ and the convergence of the series is independent of temperature. More realistic cases of liquid Cu and solid Al, with a $1/r^{12}$ and harmonic reference potential, respectively, are investigated numerically by evaluating the cumulants to third order using Monte Carlo integration. In all cases, the ratio of the third order to the second order term in the expansion is found to be $\sim 0.1$, indicating good convergence. Third order contributions to the free energy are typically a few meV/atom, and comparable to their statistical errors. The statistical error in the second order free energy of Al is 0.4 meV/atom with only 100 evaluations of the {\it ab initio} energy. These results suggest that the perturbation series allows for efficient and accurate evaluation of the free energy for condensed phases.


Nearly all of the expressways in China are covered with asphalt pavement over a semi-rigid base. Traffic from heavy and over-loaded vehicles has caused rutting and reflection cracks on many expressways. It has been proven by various researchers that an asphalt pavement including a large-stone asphalt mix (LAM) base could overcome the previously mentioned problems; however, this information has not been widely accepted in China. In this research, a section of the Wuhan Hezuo expressway made of an asphalt pavement structure including LAM base was analyzed. Considering the non-uniform contact pressure characteristics under a moving load, a finite element software program, ANSYS, was used to calculate the mechanical response of the pavement structure with reinforced geo-grid and non-reinforced geo-grid. Research results revealed that a glass fiber geo-grid can effectively improve the mechanical properties of asphalt pavement with LAM base.


We are dedicating this issue of the journal to the life and work of Professor Karel Lewit, whose international recognition in the discipline of Manual Medicine and generosity to the physiotherapists, osteopaths, doctors, and chiropractors who were inspired by him is testament to his remarkable intellect, capabilities, and attention to the needs of all who met him, patients and clinicians. He was always supportive of the International Musculoskeletal Medicine, and the underlying principles of international cooperation, collaboration, and implementation of scientific evidence into clinical practice. Manual/Musculoskeletal medical practice has benefited enormously from his dedication to basic concepts and manual diagnostic and therapeutic techniques that he described and demonstrated so well. He will of course be sadly missed. This editorial is based on a presentation made by Professor Lewit in England some years ago. The exact location and date are not of relevance as the message is timeless. The slide texts used by Professor Lewit are followed by my commentary. Lewit: The examination and assessment of dysfunction of the motor system, by far the most frequent cause of so-called non-specific pain, cannot yet be done by apparatus, but only by those most sophisticated instruments, the human hands and eyes, and a little thought. Comment: The haptic experiences (for both doctor and patient) remain the core component of diagnosis in manual medicine, though exposure to palpatory techniques and cognitive responses to those techniques during medical training is extremely variable and often poor. Lewit: The problem of doctors. The modern Universities, proud of their scientific advance, impress their students with the latest achievements in genetics, molecular chemistry, and by the technical inventions. The student is crammed with theory, with technicalities, but lacks clinical experience. Comment: The technological revolution of recent years, particularly the emergence of imaging/scanning for soft tissue disorders is a potential and actual deterrent to the achievement of a high standard of manual diagnostics. Lewit: Only when he leaves hospital work does he realize standing on his own, that he has not been taught how to deal with the most common ailments, in particular with the ever increasing number of patients with 'non-specific pain of the motor system'. He was never taught proper physical examination including palpation, or how to take a specific anamnesis, let alone how to think in terms of function. Comment: The conceptual basis of soft tissue dysfunction and 'non-specific' pain must be learned in combination with relevant examination techniques and exposure to patients as early as possible during training. Lewit: Many doctors then use manipulation only occasionally, using acupuncture, many types of physical therapy, applying it all mainly where the patient feels pain. Having reached a certain age, before getting involved in manual medicine, a few weekly or weekend courses are not enough to teach really good and gentle techniques, and to sense release. Comment: True understanding and recognition of tension within the locomotor system cannot be developed by doctors if their hands-on experience is limited to examination and treating patients when they are in pain. Tension and release of tension cannot be learned overnight. Lewit:On the other hand, the doctors are frequently crammed with subjects, they should have learned as students or in the course of specialization, but are taught far too little to think in terms of function, i.e. to understand the motor system as a whole and function as a program. When confronted with a trained therapist, whose main job is to apply his hands in a gentle way, he must be impressed. Comment: Functional disorders of the locomotor system are the most common cause of pain. Its relationship to patho-morphology when relevant, are Correspondence to: Michael Hutson, Village House, Owthorpe, Nottingham NG12 3GE, UK. Email: email@example.com


The invention discloses a method for ecologically culturing a Chinese soft shell turtle by using a nuisanceless pond. The method for ecologically culturing the Chinese soft shell turtle by using the nuisanceless pond comprises the following steps: preparing the pond, throwing fry, aerating the pond, transplanting water plants, feeding, performing daily management, and preventing and treating diseases. By the method for ecologically culturing the Chinese soft shell turtle by using the nuisanceless pond, an ecological environment is optimized, the circulation of substances in culturing water is promoted, natural baits are rich, few chemicals are used, and the culturing cost is reduced; the cultured Chinese soft shell turtle is uniform in body shape, glossy in carapace, wide in skirt, strong in muscle, good in quality and good in mouth feel, and is greatly favored by consumers; and the ecologically cultured Chinese soft shell turtle is free of pollution, keeps the original taste of the wild Chinese soft shell turtle, is high in nutritional value and enhances the market value of the Chinese soft shell turtle.


IN 1984, EIGHT MILWAUKEE social service agencies were engaged by the Wisconsin Gas Company as part of a unique effort to help utility customers with low incomes. The program also took into account customers with special needs, such as physical or emotional disabilities, who had difficulty with their utility payment. The present article reports on the experiences of the private social agencies under contract with the gas company. The program, agencies, services provided, clients, research study, and relationship between the agencies and the gas company are described. Special attention is focused on the implications for private social agencies under contract with businesses.


In the ever-changing "new economy", buildings are among the few capital goods that are actually left. The Construction Industry drives a very high level of resources, marking the paths of the economy. It is, however, a non-integrated process, with few or none sinergies and with a relatively ambiguous relationship with technology. Moreover, we architects have limited ourselves the role we play, concentrating more in representation than in the work as a whole. The proposal wants to conceive our work as a long-term Strategic Alliance between several actors around the building: Customers / Manufacturers / Vendors / Architects / Specialty Engineers / Builders / Contractors / Managers / Supporters / Users, and so on We are facing a historic opportunity to clarify the relationship of our Industry with technology, allowing it to gain its true dimension on this century. Besides, this will re-define the role of the architect in the Industry: we will evolve from designers, project-oriented, to be creators, owners and managers of "Virtual Buildings" that manage, coordinate and give value to the building as an integrated process, and co-exist with it along its lifecycle.


Distributed oracle protocol is proposed to support on-chain transaction execution which depends on off-chain information without a trusted party as source. Although the commit-reveal mechanism based on commitment scheme used in distributed oracle protocol solve the problem of freeloading, it introduces a new one of availability, which is significant when information requester would like to obtain protocol output before expiration. To address the issue, we describe an architecture of distributed oracle protocol in time-sensitive scenario. Then we propose a new protocol which satisfies all requirements defined in the architecture by applying timed commitment scheme. Finally, a prototype program is implemented to evaluate additional cost caused by the core algorithm in new protocol, which shows that the cost is acceptable.


Ion beam-scattering gas studies show that GeH/sub 4/D/sup +/ is formed in bimolecular reactions of GeH/sub 4/ with C/sub 2/D/sub 2//sup +/, C/sub 2/D/sub 3//sup +/, C/sub 2/D/sub 5//sup +/, C/sub 3/D/sub 7//sup +/, and D/sub 3/S/sup +/. The dependence of the reaction cross sections on ion energy shows the formation of GeH/sub 4/D/sup +/ from C/sub 2/D/sub 2//sup +/, C/sub 2/D/sub 3//sup +/, and C/sub 2/D/sub 5//sup +/ to be via exothermic reactions, while formation from C/sub 3/D/sub 7//sup +/ and D/sub 3/S/sup +/ is endothermic. These limits, combined with known thermochemical data, lead to the conclusion that the proton affinity of monogermane is in the range 7.03 to 7.11 eV. Monogermane is thus a stronger Bronsted base than monosilane by 0.43 eV.


Latency-critical μs-scale data center applications are susceptible to server load spikes. The issue is particularly challenging for services using long-lived TCP connections. This paper introduces Capybara, a highly efficient and versatile live TCP migration system. Capybara builds atop a deterministic, kernel-bypassed TCP stack running in a library OS to realize its μs-scale TCP migration mechanism. Using modern programmable switches, Capybara implements migration-aware dynamic packet forwarding and transient packet buffering, further reducing system interference during live TCP migration. Capybara can transparently migrate a running TCP connection in 4 μs on average. It improves the average migration host latency by about 12 times compared to a Linux kernel-based solution.


We demonstrate a 16-channel waveguide grating router (WGR) in the InP-based material system. The channel spacing of the WGRs is 100 GHz and the maximum interchannel crosstalk is -28 dB. The polarization related (TE-TM modal) wavelength shift is approximately 0.08 nm and the polarization dependent variation in peak signal is less than 0.2 dB. 2.60-/spl mu/m-wide /spl times/1.90-/spl mu/m-thick raised-stripe InGaAsP Quaternary (/spl lambda//sub g/=1.17 /spl mu/m) waveguides on an n-type InP substrate make up the basis paths of the WGR. In this letter, we describe the design, fabrication and the results of measurement of the 16-channel polarization-insensitive WGR.


Domain-specific design patterns provide for architecture reuse of reoccurring design problems in a specific software domain. They capture domain knowledge and design expertise needed for developing applications. Moreover, they accelerate software development since the design of a new application consists in adapting existing patterns, instead of modeling one from the beginning. However, some problems slow their expansion because they have to incorporate flexibility and variability in order to be instantiated for various applications in the domain. This paper proposes new UML notations that better represent the domain-specific design patterns. These notations express variability of patterns to facilitate their comprehension and guide their reuse. The UML extensions are, then, illustrated in the process control system context using an example of an acquisition


With the extensive research of skyline frequent-utility pattern mining in the field of data mining, various algorithms emerge in an endless stream, but because these algorithms are limited by the size of the data set, traditional pattern algorithms do not perform well in medium and large databases. Therefore, this paper proposed the EFUP_MR algorithm by adding thresholds and applied it to the hadoop platform. It can run in medium and large databases, solve the problem of low efficiency in the traditional pattern, and because of the threshold setting, it can help users obtain the required elite itemsets more accurately. Finally, through experiments in different types of data sets, the proposed algorithm performance in larger datasets is proved.


The mortality rate of the myocardial infarction has extremely Increased during the last 20-30 years, as the result of that there occurred a great demand to doing further hygienic and ecological research work to find out the occurrance of this kind of pathology. The further research of the problem is evident because a great number of questions connected with Influence of the ecological and climatic factors of the occurrance of myocardial infarction are very poorly studies If at al as yet. The continuation of the research work with the view of providing prognostication of myocardial infarction as well as hygienic measure to lessen this kind of pathology.


Objective: To explore the differences in pharmacological action of different varieties of Radix Curcumae. Methods: Platelet agglutination induced by adenosine diphosphate(ADP) was used to observe the anti-agglutination effect of different varieties of Radix Curcumae on platelet. The mice model of ear swelling induced by xylene was used to observe the effect of anti-inl ammation. The mice model of jaundice induced by alpha naphthyl isothiocyanates(ANIT) was used to observe the effect of promoting the function of gallbladder to treat jaundice. The rabbit duodenum in vitro was used to observe the impact on activity of smooth muscles. Results: The four kinds of Radix Curcumce could significantly inhibit platelet agglutination in rabbits induced by ADP(P0.05). The four kinds of Radix Curcumae had no significant effect on the mice model of ear swelling induced by xylene. Curcuma kwangsiensis S. G. Lee et C. F. Liang could significantly decrease the contents of DBIL, TBIL and AST in mice model of jaundice(P0.05). The effect of Curcurna wenyujin Y. H. Chen et C. Ling on the movement of duodenum showed the responses with initial excitation and later inhibition, Curcuma kwangsiensis S. G. Lee et C. F. Liang, however, showed a sustainability excitation(P0.05, P0.01). Curcuma Longa L. and Curcurna phaeocaulis Val. could remarkably inhibit the movement of duodenum(P0.05, P0.01). Conclusion: There are significant differences in pharmacological actions among the four kinds of Radix Curcumae.


Clostridioides difficile is a gram-positive microorganism causing damage to the human intestinal wall, clinically manifesting as antibiotic-associated diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis. C. difficile infection remains a serious problem; the increasing frequency of nosocomial outbreaks and the emergence of community-acquired forms heighten the need for new prevention and treatment methods. The pathogenesis of C. difficile infection is associated with the toxins produced by bacteria and a large group of proteins promoting the replication of the pathogen in host tissues and its spread in the human population. Recent studies show that mobile genetic elements play a key role in the high virulence of C. difficile. Type 4 secretion systems (T4SS) are significant components of these elements; their impressive diversity among gram-positive microorganisms in general and in C. difficile, in particular, implies their high evolutionary and, consequently, medical significance. Further studies of the T4SS composition and structure will provide a deeper insight into mechanisms underlying the development of respective infections and will help outline pathogenically grounded approaches to prevention and treatment of diseases caused by C. difficile. On the other hand, the key components of the secretion machinery of the pathogen can be used in bioinformatic analysis and for searching new adaptive clusters in the genome of highly virulent strains.


Kernel principal component analysis (KPCA) is suitable for nonlinear process monitoring, but it suffers many limitations, such as great calculation load, and poor real time performance.A monitoring method based on sparse KPCA (SKPCA) was proposed to decrease calculation load and improve real time monitoring.SKPCA was firstly used to weight the normal modeling data, and the minority of data with high weight could basically represent the information of the whole data, so modeling data could be largely reduced.Following this, KPCA model and the monitoring indices were built based on the sparse modeling data.In the end, taking a chemical separation process for example, KPCA and SKPCA were compared in terms of monitoring result and real time performance, and the superiority of the proposed SKPCA method was demonstrated.


Cross-language information retrieval is one of the important tasks in the field of information retrieval. Existing cross-language neural retrieval methods usually use single-task learning, and the single feature capture model limits the performance of neural retrieval models. To this end, a cross-language retrieval method based on multi-task learning is proposed, using a text classification task as a secondary task, capturing feature information of both tasks simultaneously using a shared text feature extraction layer so that it learns the feature patterns of different tasks, and then inputting the feature vectors into the neural retrieval model and the text classification model to complete the two tasks, respectively. In addition, the external corpus introduced by the text classification task also plays a role in data augmentation to a certain extent, further increasing the level of feature information. Experiments conducted on four language pairs from the CLEF 2000–2003 dataset show that the present method significantly improves the text feature extraction and thus enhances the neural retrieval model performance, increasing the MAP values of the neural retrieval model by 0.014-0.203 and increasing the model convergence speed by 22.82% on average.


Brand-equity strategy is a key marketing decision for international firms that attempt to expand into foreign consumer markets. Those firms can achieve competitive advantage in their target markets, which in turn leads to superior financial performance, by developing and/or acquiring an effectivenes...


Purpose: This work presents a biomechanical model to investigate the complex respiratory motion for the lung tumor tracking in radiosurgery by computer simulation. Methods: The models include networked massspring-dampers to describe the tumor motion, different types of surrogate signals, and the force generated by the diaphragm. Each mass-springdamper has the same mechanical structure and each model can have different numbers of mass-spring-dampers. Both linear and nonlinear stiffness parameters were considered, and the damping ratio was tuned in a range so that the tumor motion was over-damped (no natural tumor oscillation occurs without force from the diaphragm). The simulation was run by using ODE45 (ordinary differential equations by Runge-Kutta method) in MATLAB, and all time courses of motions and inputs (force) were generated and compared. Results: The curvature of the motion time courses around their peaks was sensitive to the damping ratio. Therefore, the damping ratio can be determined based on the clinical data of a high sampling rate. The peak values of different signals and the time the peaks occurred were compared, and it was found that the diaphragm force had a time lead over the tumor motion, and the lead time (0.1–0.4 seconds) depended on the distance between themore » tumor and the diaphragm. Conclusion: We reported a model based analysis approach for the spatial and temporal relation between the motion of the lung tumor and the surrogate signals. Due to the phase lead of the diaphragm in comparing with the lung tumor motion, the measurement of diaphragm motion (or its electromyography signal) can be used as a beam gating signal in radiosurgery, and it can also be an additional surrogate signal for better tumor motion tracking. The research is funded by the American Cancer Society (ACS) grant. The grant name is: Frameless SRS Based on Robotic Head Motion Cancellation. The grant number is: RSG-13-313-01-CCE.« less


Drawing on Freud and Aristotle, Vygotsky uses an example from Chekhov's Cherry Orchard to consider how a play affects an audience [35]. Vygotsky asks why the sale of the cherry orchard is such a terrible misfortune for the rich Ravenskaya. "Perhaps she lives permanently in this cherry orchard. But then we learn that she spends her entire life traveling abroad and that she never could or would be able to live on her estate. Perhaps the sale could mean ruin or bankruptcy for her, but this motive falls away, too, because it is not the need of money that places her in the dramatic situation." Indeed, there is no instrumental explanation for the value of this artefact. The selling of the cherry orchard plays a role in a symbolic order familiar to Ravenskaya and Chekhov's audience. The play works because we invest the cherry orchard with a meaning beyond that directly given in its present material form, as land or real estate: "The melancholy of Chekhov's [characters] becomes the emotion of the whole audience because it was to a large degree a crystallized formulation of the attitude of [wider] social circles..." [39, p. 241]. The cherry orchard helps scaffold what neither we nor Ravenskaya can yet fully grasp: the impact of the contradictions at the heart of being a member of the Russian intelligentsia at the start of the 20th Century. Vygotsky calls this symbolic order an ideal form [37]. Yet the example can also highlight that there is something unique about our own experiences within this symbolic order; something we each bring to it. Perhaps the cherry orchard evokes some childhood image of white blossom, the smell of cherry, a painful loss1. Aristotelian psychoanalyst Jonathan Lear describes a client who happened to leave the door of Lear's office slightly ajar at the start of their session. Over the course of his sessions with Lear, the door started to take on a host of meanings: "Leaving the door ajar meant that nothing he was going to say was going to be so important or private that it should not be heard by someone outside. He longed for us to be working together on a collaborative project, and if we both closed the door, we were a team.


Abstract We report Doppler-only (cw) radar observations of basaltic near-Earth asteroid 3908 Nyx obtained at Arecibo and Goldstone in September and October of 1988. The circular polarization ratio of 0.75±0.03 exceeds ∼90% of those reported among radar-detected near-Earth asteroids and it implies an extremely rough near-surface at centimeter-to-decimeter spatial scales. Echo power spectra over narrow longitudinal intervals show a central dip indicative of at least one significant concavity. Inversion of cw spectra yields two statistically indistinguishable shape models that have similar shapes and dimensions but pole directions that differ by ∼100°. We adopt one as our working model and explore its implications. It has an effective diameter of 1.0±0.15 km and radar and visual geometric albedos of 0.15±0.075 and 0.16 +0.08 −0.05 . The visual albedo supports the interpretation by D. P. Cruikshank et al. (1991, Icarus 89 , 1–13) that Nyx has a thermal inertia consistent with that of bare rock. The model is irregular, modestly asymmetric, and topographically rugged.


Abstract : The behavior of digital cross-correlation algorithms as applied to image matching problems is examined in terms of the relationship between measurable image properties and algorithm characteristics. Statistical image quality measures are developed which could be employed in a preprocessor to predict the performance of automatic stereo-compilation equipment. The measures include quantity derived from the Cramer-Rao lower bound on the variance of any unbiased parameter estimator, various contrast measures such as variance, contrast modulation, and median absolute deviation, and a stationarity detector related to the variance gradient. These measures are based on image and correlator models which describe the behavior of correlation processors under conditions of low image contrast or signal-to-noise ratio, geometric distortion, and image non-stationarity. Computer simulations using synthetic imagery were performed to verify the various models, and indicate the potential for the use of image quality measures in the predicting of correlation behavior. Implications of the models in terms of correlation processor design and implementation are discussed. (Author)


This paper offers a comprehensive evaluation of the welfare impact of a policy usually regarded as highly successful and vastly imitated worldwide: the privatisation policy pursued in the UK by MrsThatcher's government (1979-1990) and subsequently by Mr Major's government (1990-1997) The British case history is particularly relevant for several reasons: Britain was the first developed country to embark on large scale public divestitures; the time span is long enough to see some long run effects; Conservative governments were able to consistently implement their policy with limited effective opposition; and there is already a wide body of scholarly literature and good data sources on British company performances, price trends and other relevant variables. The paper considers the impact of privatisations on five types of agents: firms, employees, shareholders, consumers and tax-payers. The main conclusion is that British privatisations had modest effects on the efficiency of production and consumption. On the other hand, privatisations did have important effects on the distribution of incomes and wealth. Thus the outcome of privatisation in the UK was modest and not unambiguosly a Pareto improvement.


The following dialogue between Zachary Manfredi and Eyal Weizman took place in the spring of 2013. The primary topic of discussion was Weizman's recent book The Least of All Possible Evils: Humanitarian Violence from Arendt to Gaza.1 The book traces the logic of "the lesser evil" as it plays out in three different sites: Rony Brauman's role as the leader of Médecins sans frontières in the Ethiopian famine of 1983; a recent trial involving the wall between Israel and Palestine; and the use of forensic evidence in human rights tribunals. Covering a broad range of topics (military and humanitarian interventions, the relationship between left activism and biopolitics, the development and deployment of forensic technologies, the history of testimony in human rights tribunals, the production of visual fi elds of violence, and the politics of genocide), the interview's themes all relate to the larger question of how new political practices and technologies of documenting violence have reconfi gured the worlds of human rights and humanitarianism.


We discuss whether or not it is possible to have interpolatory pointwise estimates in the approximation of a function f 2 C 0; 1], by polynomials. For the sake of completeness as well as in order to strengthen some existing results, we discuss brieey the situation in unconstrained approximation. Then we deal with positive and monotone constraints where we show exactly when such interpolatory estimates are achievable by proving aarmative results and by providing the necessary counterexamples in all other cases. The eeect of the endpoints of the nite interval on the quality of approximation of continuous functions by algebraic polynomials, was rst observed by Nikolski Nik46]. Later pointwise estimates of this phenomenon were given by Timan Tim51] (k = 1), Dzjadyk Dzj58, Dzj77] (k = 2), Freud Fre59] (k = 2), and Brudny Bru63] (k 2), who proved that if f 2 C r 0; 1], then for each n N = r + k ? 1, a polynomial p n 2 n exists, such that (1.1) jf(x) ? p n (x)j c(r; k) r n (x)! k (f (r) ; n (x)); 0 x 1: where n (x) := 1 n 2 + 1 n '(x), '(x) := p x(1 ? x), and where ! k , k 1, is the ordinary kth modulus of smoothness, and c(r; k) is a constant which depends only on r and k, and which is independent of f and n. Note that for n = r + k ? 1, (1.1) is in fact a Whitney inequality Whi57]. Lorentz at a conference in Oberwolfach Lor64], raised the question whether n (x) can be replaced by the smaller quantity n (x) := 1 n '(x), that is, whether (1.2) jf(x) ? p n (x)j c(r; k) r n (x)! k (f (r) ; n (x)); 0 x 1; holds. Such estimates we call interpolatory pointwise estimates. 1 The authors acknowledge partial support for this work by the Volkswagen{Stiftung (RiP program at Oberwolfach). The third author's contribution was also sponsored under the program \FF orderung der Europaff ahigkeit der Hochschulen" of the state of Nordrhein{Westfalen.


To improve consumers' online shopping experiences, companies invest in the visual design of their websites. Although some studies show that visual design positively influences consumer reactions, other studies do not confirm that influence. This research is aimed at exploring those contrasting findings by investigating two boundary variables (website use and user expertise) that delimit the scope of the positive influence of visual design on consumer intentions towards using and recommending e-commerce websites. Two preliminary studies (Study A and Study B) investigate the level at which visual design is mentally construed. The two main studies (Study 1 and Study 2) test our research hypotheses. Study 1 results reveal that visual design exerts different effects on individuals' intentions depending on when the site is evaluated (before vs after use). Study 2 provides greater insight into the role of visual design after the actual use of the website by considering the moderating role of user expertise. Those findings lead to concrete recommendations about how e-retailers can create more engaging experiences.


This study aims to: 1) describe the implementation of cooperative learning model of TAI type in science subject in the fourth grade at SD Muhammadiyah 21 Baluwarti in the school year 2016/2017, 2) describe the increasing fourth grade students' self-confident through the implementation of cooperative learning model of TAI type of science subject at SD Muhammadiyah 21 Baluwarti in academic year 2016/2017. This research was a classroom action research. The echniques of data collection used servation,interviewsandocumentation. The data analysis used interactive analysis consisted of data reduction, data presentation and conclusion. The results showed that: 1) the implementation of cooperative learning model of TAI type there are 7 stages: pre-test, group, study material, study groups, counseling, debriefing, and post-test, 2) there is an increasing aplomb students with the mean average percentage of pre-cycle was only 38%, in the first cycle of 40% increased to 61%, while in the second cycle of 72% rising to 82%. The conclusion from this research was the implementation of cooperative learning model of TAI type can improve students' confident attitude of fourth grade students at SD Muhammadiyah 21 Baluwarti in the academic year 2016 / 2017.


Interactions of quantum cellular automata (QCA) circuits with their environment induce transitions in their quantum states that can cause errors in computation. The nature of these interactions depend on the specific physical implementation of the circuit. In the case of silicon dangling bond QCA, one channel of environmental interaction is between dangling bond cells and longitudinal phonons in the silicon lattice. In the presence of this environmental interaction, short 4 cell wire simulations show reliable operation at liquid nitrogen temperature, however simulation and theoretical arguments suggest long wires operated from thermal equilibrium are susceptible to exponential decay of cell polarization along their length regardless of clock zoning. Quantum annealing is suggested as a technique for bringing QCA wires into their ground state prior to information transmission to circumvent this problem.


We survey some recent developments in the study of canonical K\"{a}hler metrics on algebraic varieties and their relation with stability in algebraic geometry.


A reconstruction method based on convex hull was developed to reconstruct the overlapped citrus in natural scenes in order to improve the success rate of citrus harvesting robot. Due to the circular shape of citrus fruit, two reconstruction parameters were determined: the center point and the radius. Firstly, the K-means clustering method and threshold segmentation method were applied to detect the citrus targets in HSV color space. After that, the center points of each citrus fruit targets were extracted respectively by combing with the convex hull and the minimum external affine transformation rectangle. Finally, the reconstruction radiuses of the overlapped citrus targets were determined by searching the gray scale gradient extremum along the connecting line of each center point of citrus and the occlusion order is given. Experiments verified the validity of the method proposed. It provides a basis for the design of end-effector and the path planning of the harvesting robot.


This paper presents the design of embedded electrical power control unit for Personal Electrical Vehicle(PEV). The embedded unit is designed using PIC18F8720 processor, 16Mb flash ROM, 32Mb SDRAM and signal condition circuits. The proposed PEV consists of 4KW in-wheel Brushless DC Motor(BLDCM), 3 phase voltage source inverter with the 180 °conduction space vector PWM method, PID speed controller and the embedded control unit. The PEV has mechanical manufacture of inverse 3 wheel system, which is applied by the in-wheel BLDCM and steering mechanism with tilting function. Also, the performances of the proposed embedded electrical power control unit are verified through the lab experiment and road driving test of PEV.


Ensemble learning is a general technique to improve accuracy in machine learning. However, the heavy computation of a ConvNets ensemble limits its usage in deep learning. In this paper, we present Group Ensemble Network (GENet), an architecture incorporating an ensemble of ConvNets in a single ConvNet. Through a shared-base and multi-head structure, GENet is divided into several groups to make explicit ensemble learning possible in a single ConvNet. Owing to group convolution and the shared-base, GENet can fully leverage the advantage of explicit ensemble learning while retaining the same computation as a single ConvNet. Additionally, we present Group Averaging, Group Wagging and Group Boosting as three different strategies to aggregate these ensemble members. Finally, GENet outperforms larger single networks, standard ensembles of smaller networks, and other recent state-of-the-art methods on CIFAR and ImageNet. Specifically, group ensemble reduces the top-1 error by 1.83% for ResNeXt-50 on ImageNet. We also demonstrate its effectiveness on action recognition and object detection tasks.


Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) is an important signal transduction pathway mainly including ERK, p38 and JNK signal molecules to participate in the regulation of multiple cell responses and pathophysiological processes. ERK and p38 are rapidly activated in the region of nerve injury to reduce nerve injury on the body, phosphorylated JNK gathered in nerve injury sites to promote nerve cell apoptosis and the process of nerve injury. MAPK signaling pathway is closly linked with the occurrence and repair of nervous system injury.


Then Giulia Barone considers historiographic and hagiographic traditions; Dietrich Lohrmann discusses twelfthand thirteenth-century curial reports of disputed proceedings;Werner Maleczek studies writings emanating from the cardinals; and Sebastian Scholz asks the question "Epigraphische Zeugnisse der Päpste in Rom. Ein Desiderat der Italia Pontificia?". Tommaso di Carpegna Falconieri then makes observations on editions of the Roman documents of the ninth through twelfth centuries. Hubert Houben gives examples for southern Italy of traces of medieval documents found in modern sources. Rudolf Hiestand analyzes non-Italian material hidden in the "Papsturkunden in Italien" and gives five extensive tables classifying these documents.


High-performance InP/In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As metamorphic heterojunction bipolar transistors (MHBTs) on GaAs substrate have been fabricated using In/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/P strain relief buffer layer grown by solid-source molecular beam epitaxy (SSMBE). The MHBTs exhibited a dc current gain over 100, a unity current gain cutoff frequency (f/sub T/) of 48 GHz and a maximum oscillation frequency (f/sub MAX/) of 42 GHz with low junction leakage current and high breakdown voltages. It has also been shown that the MHBTs have achieved a minimum noise figure of 2 dB at 2 GHz (devices with 5/spl times/5 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ emitter) and a maximum output power of 18 dBm at 2.5 GHz (devices with 5/spl times/20 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ emitter), which are comparable to the values reported on the lattice-matched HBTs (LHBTs). The dc and microwave characteristics show the great potential of the InP/InGaAs MHBTs on GaAs substrate for high-frequency and high-speed applications.


Subjective probability distributions constitute an important part of the input to decision analysis and other decision aids. The long list of persistent biases associated with human judgments under uncertainy [16] suggests, however, that these biases can be translated into the elicited probabilities which, in turn, may be reflected in the output of the decision aids, potentially leading to biased decisions.

This experiment studies the effectiveness of three debiasing techniques in elicitation of subjective probability distributions. It is hypothesized that the Socratic procedure [18] and the devil's advocate approach [6] [7] [31] [32] [33] [34] will increase subjective uncertainty and thus help assessors overcome a persistent bias called "overconfidence." Mental encoding of the frequency of the observed instances into prespecified intervals, however, is expected to decrease subjective uncertainty and to help assessors better capture, mentally, the location and skewness of the observed distribution. The assessors' ratings of uncertainty confirm these hypotheses related to subjective uncertainty but three other measures based on the dispersion of the elicited subjective probability distributions do not. Possible explanations are discussed. An intriguing explanation is that debiasing may affect what some have called "second order" uncertainty. While uncertainty ratings may include this second component, the measures based on the elicited distributions relate only to "first order" uncertainty.


Blueberry growers: know when the conditions are right in commercial blueberry fields, during and after bloom, for freeze damage, as well as practices you can use to minimize it. This revised 7-page fact sheet was written by J.G. Williamson, P.M. Lyrene, and J.W. Olmstead, and published by the UF Department of Horticultural Sciences, January 2012.
HS968/HS216: Protecting Blueberries from Freezes in Florida (ufl.edu)


Taking the global problem of the diminution of energy resources into consideration, optimal trajectories for a two-link manipulator system in PTP motion mider gravity is developed with a, view of saving the dissipated energy. The Generalized Newton-Raphson method is used to solve the nonlinear differential equations of the problem. Though conventionally the starting function was Considered only in different starting functions are presented and their respective energy Consumption are Compared. Tile domains of the optimal starting functions and the corresponding optimal trajectories are also presented.


We report upon calculations of a complete set of response functions for nuclear matter. The calculations are performed in the Tamm-Dancoff approximation using a reaction matrix calculated with a realistic interaction. (This interaction was obtained in the application of the one-boson-exchange model to the description of nucleon-nucleon scattering.) We stress the importance of performing such calculations with realistic interactions. We also indicate that a reasonable result for the response in the scalar-isoscalar channel can only be obtained using an effective interaction that saturates at the correct density for nuclear matter. Therefore, we calculate the reaction matrix in the scalar-isoscalar channel using the recently developed relativistic Brueckner-Hartree-Fock theory. (Relativistic effects are less important in other channels and are neglected in these calculations in all channels other than the scalar-isoscalar channel.) We find zero-sound modes in several channels for excitations of small momentum. We also study the evolution of the nuclear response for increasing values of the momentum, in the range 0


While voluntary energy conservation programs have been extensively promoted by electric utilities and public utility commissions, their effectiveness has been insufficiently critiqued. This paper contributes to the growing evaluation of such programs by measuring the net energy savings directly attributable to an actual set of programs. The analysis explicitly "corrects" for the "self-selection bias" that can arise in program evaluation. The correction is found to be important; traditional evaluation methods are subject to considerable bias. Correcting for this bias, the amount of program-induced energy savings is found to be considerably less than traditionally believed. Copyright 1988 by MIT Press.


INTRODUCTION: In 23 % of cases, sudden cardiac death can be the first manifestation of coronary artery disease. In these cases pulseless VT and VF are the most common causes for cardiac arrest. Early appropriate resuscitation - involving early defibrillation and appropriate implementation of post-cardiac arrest care lead to improved survival and favorable neurologic outcomes. AIM: Case of successful CPR for out of hospital cardiac arrest (home visit), importance of timely and adequate implementation of CPR by EMS staff. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A descriptive overview of data, dispatcher's Protocol, Physician's Protocol and Patient's Discharge Note. CASE PRESENTATION: At 10:29 pm the emergency crew was dispatched to the scene for 73 y/o woman who was suffering chest and left arm pain. Crew arrived at the patient's residence 4 minutes after the call. The patient's daughter states that her mom had SOB and chest pain that radiated to left arm just 30 minutes prior emergency crew arrival. Ther patient did not have any other cardiac risk factors apart from her age and history of oh da izvini hypertension. During immediate examination the patient's vital signs are stable. (BP 140/80, saturating 95% on room air, pulse 90/min.) Physical exam revealed decreased breath sounds billateraly. The patient was in her bed , dyspneic, awake and alert. During the physical exam, the patient lost her consciousness, and became apneic and pulseless. The patient was immediately moved from the bed to the floor and CPR was started and iv lines were placed. Defibrillator pads (AED) were placed and the recorded rhythm was recognized as ventricular fibrillation (VF). DC shock of 150J was delivered. After defibrillation cardiac monitor registered short asystole and later on short self terminated atrial fibrillation. The patient was lethargic for very short period of time, there were visible spontaneous respirations. Her pulse was palpable and her blood pressure was 135/65. The patient was immediately transferred to clinical center. While being transported to hospital, the patient was given 6 L of oxygen by nasal canula and NS 500 ml. During the patients transport an ECG showed sinus rhythm of 85 bpm with ST segment elevation of 2 mm in III and avF and ST segment depression of 2 mm in I, avL.At the hospital, the patient was transfered to CCU. CONCLUSION: Early CPR and early defibrillation are very important to preserve brain function and function of the other organs. As we can see, immediate CPR followed by early defibrillation dramatically improves survival and favorable neurological outcomes.


Tuberculosis (TB) causes one‐third of HIV‐related deaths worldwide, making TB preventive treatment (TPT) a critical element of HIV programmes. Approximately 16% of people living with HIV (PLHIV) on antiretrovirals in Zimbabwe are enrolled in the Fast Track (FT) differentiated service delivery model, which includes multi‐month dispensing of antiretrovirals and quarterly health facility (HF) visits. We assessed the feasibility and acceptability of utilizing FT to deliver 3HP (3 months of once‐weekly rifapentine and isoniazid) for TPT by aligning TPT and HIV visits, providing multi‐month dispensing of 3HP, and using phone‐based monitoring and adherence support.


Based on traditional low frequency signal injection method, a new method to detect grounding fault in looped network of DC power system, which is based on wavelet transform and fractal theory is proposed. Leading in the concavo-convex parameter of fractal theory, the grounding fault in looped network under different conditions can be identified through the location of the point in two-dimensional surface that is exclusively determined by concavo-convex parameter and fractal dimension. The proposed method remedies the defect that it is hard for low frequency signal injection method to discriminate the fault in looped network. Simulations and calculations verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.


BACKGROUND
Visit-to-visit blood pressure variability has been associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Using the SPRINT trial data set, we explored the relationship between blood pressure variability, cardiovascular outcomes, and hypoperfusion-related adverse events of antihypertensive therapy in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) enrolled in the study.

METHODS
The analyses included patients with CKD randomized in SPRINT who reached the target systolic blood pressure for their respective groups (intensive <120 mm Hg; standard <140 mm Hg). Coefficients of variation (CV) for diastolic blood pressure (DBP) for each subject characterized variability. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to identify independent predictors of the SPRINT primary outcome (including acute coronary syndrome, stroke, acute heart failure, and death from cardiovascular causes) and the 3 major side effects of therapy-hypotension, syncope, and acute kidney injury (AKI). P <0.15 on univariate analysis was required to enter the model, and P <0.05 to remain in it.

RESULTS
Overall, 2,488 subjects (1,273 standard; 1,124 intensive) met inclusion criteria. DBP CV predicted a greater hazard for primary outcome (hazard ratio [HR] 1.126, P < 0.0001) in the overall model as well as in separate analyses by treatment arms (standard group HR 1.107, P < 0.0001; intensive group HR 1.100, P = 0.0004). DBP CV also independently predicted a greater hazard for AKI (HR 1.117), syncope (HR 1.111), and hypotensive events (HR 1.104).

CONCLUSION
Visit-to-visit DBP variability independently predicts worse cardiovascular outcomes and hypoperfusion-related adverse events in patients with CKD enrolled in SPRINT.


The factors affecting the performance characteristics of a photovoltaic (PV) array are temperature, solar insolation, shading and array configuration. The PV system exhibits a non-linear I-V characteristic and its unique maximum power point on the P-V curve varies with insolation and temperature. The passing clouds, neighbouring buildings and trees are shadowing the PV arrays completely or partially as a result, it becomes more complex P-V characteristics with multiple peaks in case of partially shaded conditions. Conventional Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) techniques fail to reach global peak power point and tend to stay in local peak power point which significantly reduces the efficiency of the PV system. This paper mainly focuses on extracting the maximum power from PV array under partially shaded conditions by executing improved hill climbing algorithm to identify the global maximum power point (GMPP) and SEPIC is used as a dc-dc interface. Simulation results have been presented to verify the performance of the proposed GMPPT technique


Courts that base their decision on economic realities in holding that shares of common stock in profit-making corporations do not constitute "stock" within the meaning of the federal securities statutes misinterpret the congressional intent evidenced in the statutory structure. The results are without logical foundation either in the language of the statutes themselves or in the Supreme Court holdings on which the cases purport to rely. If the purpose of the trend, although still unstated, is to remove closely held corporations from regulation under federal securities law, that goal has not been achieved in a significant number of cases. In other cases, identical reasoning would preclude federal regulation even where several hundred shareholders might be involved. The cases introduce into the analysis an asymmetry that is discomfiting at best and almost certain to introduce significant procedural complications as the case law develops. The uncertainties involved in the sale of business doctrine make planning of transactions in stock of closely held businesses more complicated and costly, and is unlikely to achieve an appropriate balance of state and federal regulation in the securities are. Rather, this doctrine is likely to result in the exclusion of transfers of control of close corporations from the procedural and substantive advances in antifraud protection that have developed under both federal and state securities laws. Administrative or statutory rulemaking offer an alternative means of realigning federal and state securities roles. The Securities and Exchange Commission has discretionary power to restrict application of rule 10b-5's antifraud claims to certain classes of business enterprises, and Congress also possesses authority to legislate such a limitation, yet neither has done so yet, and the courts have acted in their stead. Even if the courts are correct that federal regulation in this area needs to be curtailed, it is more appropriate to rely on Congress or its designated administrative agency to effect the many technical changes that are necessary, which would leave the courts in their traditional role of interpreting in the interstices of the statutes.


Urbanite's Minimum Living Security System is an important content of the social relief system.It also has some difficulties and problems in implementing and should be improved with many kinds of means and measures.


The invention discloses a processing method of a multi-path electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection device. The processing method of the multi-path ESD protection device comprises that through holes with the number of N is processed in a first base material which comprises a first conducting layer, a second conducting layer and a first insulating layer which is located between the first conducting layer and the second conducting layer; conducting materials are filled in the through holes with the number of N; graphic processing is carried out on the second conducting layer; graphic processing is carried out on the first conducting layer and/or a blind groove which penetrates to the first insulating layer is processed on the first conducting layer, and a first resin layer is arranged on the first conducting layer; a protection layer is arranged on the first resin layer; blinds holes with the number of N to 1 which penetrates to the first insulating layer is processed on the protection layer; thick liquid materials are filled in the blind holes with the number of N to 1; the protection layer is peeled from the first resin layer; and a protection upper body is arranged on the first resin layer. The processing method of the ESD protection device is beneficial for reducing manufacturing cost of the ESD protection device and improving safety of the ESD protection device.


While the pollution of the marine environment is more and more serious,humanity began to respect the protection of marine environment,produced a lot of ways and means to protect the marine environment,the precautionary principle is a good one,and it has been quoted by some international agreements and some countries' legislations.Now,the problem of pollution of the marine environment is very serious,marine environmental protection needs to be strengthened,but related legislations of marine environmental protection in our country haven't adopted the precautionary principle definitely.Consequently,it's necessary to apply the precautionary principle in our country's marine environmental protection,but it's worth further thought and research that if putting the precautionary principle into application in our country's marine environmental protection is feasible.Through the research about the theoretical basis,legal basis and practice basis of the application of the precautionary principle in the marine environment of our country,we analyze the feasibility of the application of the precautionary principle in our country,work out that the application is feasible,and put forward a concept of the application.


Foreword - Ellyssa Kroski 1. Introduction: Gaming Options and Ideas 2. Planning 3. Implementation 4. Marketing 5. Best Practices 6. Measures of Success 7. References and Recommended Resources.


Described in this report are a set of interrelated teaching competencies addressed towards affective-domain behaviors. These 41 competencies are intended for both special and regular classroom teachers, with special importance for teachers of socially and emotionally disturbed adolescents. The competencies relate to three major areas: (1) creating au affective climate (using accepting rather than rejecting language, involving students in creating limits and learning activities); (2) managing conflicts and crises in the classroom (accepting and recognizing feelings accurately, communicating confidence in the student's ability to learn and grow); and (3) using positive classroom management practices (depersonalizing roles, using humor to decontaminate stressful situations). (Author/CL) *********************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. * *******************$***************************************************


Abstract During the course of a project in the Department of Aeronautics to explore the fatigue behaviour of adhesive bonded joints between carbon fibre and reinforced plastic adherends, double strap lap joints were prepared for initial proving of techniques. These were found to have strengths in shear which were both very variable and considerably lower than had been expected. Failure generally occurred cohesively through the adhesive layer and examination of the failed surface revealed a considerable number of large bubbles within the cured adhesive. This phenomenon had only been reported on two previous occasion2.3 although the effect of bubbles upon the stresses in a glue-line has been investigated.4


OBJECTIVE To establish and validate the microbial limit test for Kangjunxiaoyan capsules.METHODS The microbial limit test for Kangjunxiaoyan capsules was validated using Escherichia coli,Bacillu subtilis,Staphylococcus aureus,Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans according to Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2010.Low speed centrifuge and medium dilution method were used with count of bacterium.Culture medium diluting method was used with counts mold and yeasts.Pathogenic bacteria could be tested when general method were used.RESULTS Kangjunxiaoyan capsules had very strong inhibition on Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis,they could make certain inhibition effect on Escherichia coli and Candida albicans.CONCLUSION The method is feasible,effective and can be used for quality control of Kangjunxiaoyan capsules.


Multivariate analysis of divergence among 25 varieties of gladiolus for 16 developmental characters led to their grouping into five clusters. The first cluster had four varieties while the second had only one. Cluster III was the biggest with 1.1 varieties whereas cluster V and IV had two and seven varieties (6 varieties and 1 hybrid), respectively. Based on cluster means, characters like days for initial flowering, leaf area, days for last floret opening, number of corms and cormels produced per plant and propagation coefficient were the major factors for differentiation among the 25 genotypes. The intercluster D2 values ranged from 11.417 to 84.953 suggesting very little domestication in this crop.


After decentralizing an exploration and production operation, a switch from mainframe computers to workstations decreased computing cost and increased capabilities for reservoir simulations. In 1989, spurred by a major reorganization and the need to reduce reservoir simulation costs, Oxy USA Inc. began evaluating new technical computing strategies. At that time, Oxy ran smaller simulations during the day on a dedicated IBM ES/3081 mainframe at the Tulsa headquarters. Larger runs were made overnight on a shared IBM ES/3090 mainframe in batch mode. A team with members from management information systems (MIS) and the reservoir management group's simulation staff analyzed the cost of the mainframe usage. Analysis showed that over $1 million was spent for mainframe services in 1988. But if the dedicated mainframe was removed, the available time on the shared mainframe during business hours would not be sufficient. The study reported on in this article confirmed that each engineer needed unrestricted computer access for simulation during the work day. For this reason, the most productive and cost-effective approach would be to remove the dedicated mainframe and run daytime reservoir simulations on workstations, using the central, shared mainframe as a data server in a networked environment.


(E)-β-Iodoenamides and (E)-β-iodoenimides can be easily obtained from N-vinyl derivatives (N-vinylamides and N-vinylimides) by stereoselective ruthenium-catalysed silylative coupling with vinyltrimethylsilane (Marciniec coupling) and subsequent stereospecific silicon–iodine exchange. Bromodesilylation of (E)-β-silylenimides affords (E)-β-bromoenimides, while the analogous reactions involving (E)-β-silylenamides lead to decomposition of substrates. N-Halosuccinimides have been found as the most effective halogenating agents in the desilylation step under mild conditions. The ruthenium-catalysed silylation/halodesilylation sequence can be performed in a one-pot procedure. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


CAST. Hurt and confused Emergency medical services (EMS) are called to Ms. K's apartment after her roommate found her lying on the floor moaning. The roommate tells EMS that Ms. K, age 29, appeared confused and was slurring her words, and reports that this change in her awareness progressed rapidly over a few hours. EMS personnel find that Ms. K has multiple contusions on her arms and face, which they presume to be self-inflicted. A marijuana pipe is discovered at Ms. K's apartment. In the emergency room (ER), Ms. K is inattentive and has difficulty following simple commands. Her speech is mumbled and her thoughts are disorganized. She displays psychomotor restlessness in the form of com-bativeness. Ms. K cannot provide meaningful historical data and is disoriented to place and time. The ER staff requests a psychiatric consultation. Family members reveal that Ms. K has no preexisting medical conditions, is not taking prescription medications, but has a history of substance abuse (sporadic cocaine and cannabis use). Her family is unaware of recent substance use. Physical examination reveals tachycardia (heart rate 110 to 120 beats per minute), hypotension (blood pressure 78/49 mm Hg), hypothermia (temperature 88[degrees]F), and peripheral pulse oximetry of 84%. Her pupils are dilated and reactive to light; no conjunctival injection is noted. Her lung fields are clear on auscultation; but she is noted to have a rapid, irregular heartbeat. The abdomen is positive for bowel sounds, soft on palpation, and without any repositioning or notable overt signs of tenderness. Ms. K's toes show purple discoloration with poor capillary refill. The dorsalis pedis pulses are reported to be 1+ bilaterally; however, the remainder of the arterial pulse examination is normal. Her sodium, potassium, and chloride values are normal, but she has an abnormal anion gap (28.1 mEq/L), blood urea nitrogen (53 mg/dL), creatinine (2.9 mg/dL), creatine kinase (10,857 U/L), creatine kinase MB (432.6 ng/ml), and hyperglycemia (glucose 425 mg/dL). Arterial blood gas reveals hypoxia (P [o.sub.2] of 55 mm Hg), with metabolic acidosis (sodium bicarbonate 10 with compensatory P [co.sub.2] of 33 mm Hg). Her urine is cloudy, positive for protein, ketones, hemoglobin, and glucose. She is thought to have a high anion gap acidosis related to dehydration, lactic acidosis (lactic acid 20 mEq/L), and hyperglycemia. Urine toxicology is positive for cannabinoids; ethylene glycol and methanol screen negatively, which rules these out as potential contributors to her high anion gap acidosis. Ms. K is intubated and IV fluids are initiated for rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure. Dialysis is implemented on a short-term basis. Her mental state improves gradually over 3 days. What is your differential diagnosis? a) delirium due to general medical b) condition c) substance-induced deliriumd) cannabis intoxicatione d) cocaine intoxicatione) e) seizure The authors' observations Based on the abrupt onset of inattention and confusion, disorganized speech, memory impairments, and psychomotor agitation, we made an initial diagnosis of delirium; however, the precise etiology remained unclear. DSM-TV-TR diagnostic criteria for delirium are described in Table 1. Although delirium due to multiple etiologies does not have a DSM-IV-TR coding designation, we speculated that multiple causes contributed to Ms. K's presentation. Acute renal failure secondary to dehydration as well as rhabdomyolysis, hypoxia, and hyperglycemia were implicated as general medical conditions etio-logically linked to delirium. Because Ms. K has no preexisting medical conditions and her roommate and family stated she had a history of substance abuse, we also considered a presumptive diagnosis of substance-induced delirium. The medical team speculated that, based on information provided by her family, Ms. …


In science, there is always the choice of how wide an area to investigate. If our gaze is too wide, we may get lost and miss important details. If our gaze is too narrow, we may see some details well but miss the big picture. The definition of confabulation adopted initially by DeLuca from Moscovitch and Melo (1997) is very broad: "statements or actions that involve unintentional but obvious distortions . ..." But having subscribed to such a sweeping definition, DeLuca then narrows his gaze by some selections that seem arbitrary. He eschews confabulation in dreams and schizophrenia rather summarily, even though they arguably fit into his definition of broad sense confabulation while also sharing certain significant characteristics of narrow sense confabulation. Like Solms, I would prefer to keep dreams and schizophrenia in our consideration, at least to start, and examine the phenomenology of all confabulations as thoroughly as possible. When we have specified the differences between all kinds of confabulation and the significant dimensions involved, we will be in a better position to categorize confabulations and refine our model of the way or ways that confabulation can occur. In our dreams, we are all confabulators-we work out stories that never happened, although, as with waking confabulation in those who are brain injured, many elements of the story can be based on actual experiences drawn from different time periods in our lives. Even in nonpsychoanalytic approaches to dreaming, there is much to be learned from a comparison of dreams and waking confabulation. For example, Hobson and McCarley's (1977) activation-synthesis hypothesis of dreaming is very much about confabulation. In their model, the pons produces an image or a set of images, and the cortex invents a story based on them (i.e., confabulates). As I have noted (Blechner, 1998), it is like a brain administering a TAT to itself, which is, in effect, a model of intrapsychic confabulation. In recent years, I have been identifying the kinds of cognitive peculiarities that can occur in dreams, and, equally significant in my view, the kinds of cognitive peculiarities that cannot occur in dreams (Blechner, 1998, in press, a). It has been my hope to specify the processes involved in dreaming and to make comparisons with some of the cognitive distortions that occur in various psychopathologies and in brain-injured populations. I would like to outline my findings briefly, with the hope that they may suggest some ways of structuring further study of confabulation. They may also suggest ways of revising and updating Freud's description of the operation of the system unconscious (Ucs.). Solms points out the similarity between aspects of confabulation and those properties of the unconscious identified by Freud, including the toleration of opposites and contradictions, and the aspects of timelessness. I would like to consider how those two factors are characteristic of dreams, too, although there are certain important constraints on them.


FIELD: radio engineering, communication. SUBSTANCE: digital multi-component motion sensor comprises a hollow body, a force-receiving element, arranged in the form of a hollow rod with a recording unit installed in it, a sensitive element arranged in the form of a thin-walled shell as a truncated hollow paraboloid of rotation with rectangular windows arranged along generatrices, and links that separate them represent elastic elements in the form of beams with glued strain gauges of radial movements, with motion sensors included into an electric circuit, and a smaller section of the paraboloid shell is arranged in the form of an elastic membrane with a rigid centre in the form of a bushing with a piezosensor of axial displacement installed in it. EFFECT: expansion of functional capabilities of a device, due to selective measurement of static or smoothly changing movements along all directions of the space with their subsequent digitalisation. 6 dwg


As we write the prologue to this special issue of the Journal of Learning Disabilities, "Advances in Early Detection of Reading Risk," the U.S. National Early Literacy Panel (NELP) has recently released its report Developing Early Literacy (National Early Literacy Panel, 2008). A chapter of the report is devoted to reviewing studies that attempt to identify the most accurate preschool and kindergarten predictors of later outcomes in reading and spelling. The report is affirmative of an emerging consensus that the very early status of skills directly related to literacy—alphabet knowledge, phonological awareness, rapid automatic naming (RAN), phonological memory, and early writing—is highly correlated to early progress in reading, spelling, and writing. Yet the report also highlights how far we are from fully understanding the early development of literacy. As the authors point out, despite the scope of the analysis being from birth to 5 years old, the initial age of children in most of the studies available was 4 years of age or older and outcome variables generally did not go beyond second grade, with many studies restricting their focus to within-kindergarten relationships. In this way, the findings are highly influenced by proximity effects; namely, skills measurable immediately at the onset of literacy instruction yield the highest correlations to early literacy through both their cognitive and temporal proximity to early reading measures. Another somewhat surprising finding was the inconsistent predictive value of oral language once alphabetic knowledge and phonological awareness were controlled and further the observation that more complex oral language skills, such as grammar, definitional vocabulary, and listening comprehension, had stronger relationships with both decoding and reading comprehension compared to basic measures of vocabulary production/ understanding. The report calls for studies that help elucidate a more nuanced and dynamic understanding of the role of oral language in literacy development. In the collection of articles here, we set out to add meaningfully to the body of evidence summarized by the NELP report in several key ways. The first contribution is adding to the number of studies that go beyond the highly studied kindergarten to second grade period. Understanding associations between success in literacy acquisition and skills measured significantly before literacy emerges may be a more complex task than finding relationships with contiguous skills; however, early intervention really cannot be early enough unless we better understand trajectories of risk observable within the earliest stages of language learning. In "An Exploratory Study of the Development of Early Syllable Structure in Reading-Impaired Children," Lambrecht Smith, Roberts, Locke, and Tozer report speech production data from the first longitudinal study to look in depth at babbling development between the ages of 8 and 19 months in a sample of children at genetic risk of reading difficulties. The findings are suggestive of phonological vulnerability in at-risk children from English-speaking families even from 8 months of age, with children later identified as reading disabled having a lower proportion of canonical babbling (containing true consonant and vowel combinations) as well as reduced syllable complexity within canonical babbling. In "Language Development, Literacy Skills and Predictive Connections to Reading in Finnish Children With and Without Familial Risk of Dyslexia," Torppa, Lyytinen, Erskine, Eklund, and Lyytinen also expand our knowledge of very early predictors of literacy skills, within the context of the highly transparent Finnish orthography. In another longitudinal study of infants at genetic risk of reading difficulties, the study characterizes language skills from 11⁄2 years old onward. At 2 years of age, group differences and predictive relationships to reading difficulties at the end of second grade were found within the domains of expressive language and maximum sentence length (although in contrast to Lambrecht Smith et al., this study did not look at speech measures directly). From 21⁄2 years old, all measures except expressive language differentiated the group with dyslexia from the typically reading control group. The study also found that while significant group differences in receptive language were observed at these early ages, the predictive power of the measures in relation to reading was indirect. Receptive language measured at 2 to 21⁄2 years contributed most to subsequent development, however this was via inflectional morphology. Torppa et al. also conclude that "predictors


We report on metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) for high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) LSI. It is shown that the layers grown by a low-pressure barrel reactor with a large-area growth capacity (twelve 3-inch wafers) have an excellent reproducibility both for thickness and donor concentration with nearly ±1%. We applied MOVPE-grown wafers to fabricate a HEMT 64 kb SRAM with 0.6 µm gates and obtained a typical address access time of 1.2 ns at a power dissipation of 5.9 W.


Pumped hydroelectric storage (PHS) is the most established technology for utility-scale electricity storage. To take investment decision for the development of small hydropower projects, technical feasibility and financial viability are considered to be the foremost requirements. The cost of electro-mechanical equipment means a high percentage of a small hydro-power plant budget (around 30 % and 40 % of the total sum). It seems from this importance of the determination of that cost, which could directly influence the project feasibility. An overview of existing methods to estimate the cost of hydro turbines is presented in this paper. Empirical formulas to estimate the cost of centrifugal pump for a power ≤ 2 MW and PAT (pump as turbine) for a power ≤ 550 kW. In addition, new correlations have been developed to estimate the cost of hydraulic turbines (Pelton, Kaplan, Francis and Francis reversible) for a power > 2 MW were developed through statistical analysis of cost data obtained from pumps and hydraulic turbines manufactures. The cost of EM equipment increases for high power levels but it decreases for high head.


Introduction The Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation International Crohn's Disease (ASTIC) Trial shows haemopoetic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) to be effective over one year in Crohn's disease, but its durability remains to be established. Methods ASTIC is a multicentre parallel group randomised controlled trial in patients with impaired quality of life due to Crohn's Disease that is resistant to established treatments. All patients undergo stem cell mobilisation before HSCT given immediately (one month: early HSCT) or after a delay of thirteen months (late HSCT). This abstracts describes currently available data over 2 years and includes the first report of changes occurring in the first year transplantation in the late HSCT group. Results A full analysis of progress over one year has shown a reduction in Crohn's Disease Activity Index (CDAI) from 326 (range 163–512) to 162 (12–506) and in the SES-CD endoscopic score from 13 (5–33) to 3 (0–200) in patients following early HSCT (n = 23) compared to 354 (91–581) to 298 (70–589, active vs control p = 0.01) and 13.5 (0–36) to 7 (1–27, active vs control p = 0.02) respectively in the control group prior to transplantation (n = 22). The Table shows data for those patients (approximately 50%) with full data currently available to two years (one year after transplantation in the control group). Abstract OC-007 Table 1 CDAI (n = 12 and 14) SES-CD (n = 13 and 13) EQ5D VAS (n = 9 and 10) Early HSCT Late HSCT Early HSCT Late HSCT Early HSCT Late HSCT Baseline 338 (264–473) 354 (264–473) 13 (8.5–25) 14 (4.5–19.5) 56 (39–65) 35 (29–60) 1 year 162 (73–280)* 288 (209–368) 3 (1.5–10)* 6 (3–20) 80 (68–88)* 50 (21–70) 2 year 90 (36–231)* 155 (84–300)* 3 (0–10.5)* 2 (0–6.5)* 87 (64–91)* 74 (43–83)* Values shown are median and interquartile range. Asterisked data*: Post HSCT Scores for the IBD-Q quality of life index improved from 123 (103–144) to 165 (125–206) following early HSCT and were maintained at 157 (126–213). Scores rose from 108 (79–136) to 147 (108–188) in the year following delayed HSCT. Conclusion If full data (available June 2014) confirm these preliminary results, it would support the notion that improvements in CDAI, endoscopic appearances and quality of life benefit persist and may possibly increase over the second year following transplantation. One year data in the delayed group show a similar magnitude of effect to that seen in patients undergoing early transplantation. Disclosure of Interest None Declared.


The Educational Resources Information Center (ERIC), sponsored by the U.S. Department of Education, is the largest and oldest education information system in the world. The ERIC Clearinghouse for Social Studies/Social Science Education (ERIC/ChESS) is one of sixteen subject-oriented clearinghouses that compose the ERIC system. The heart of this system, the ERIC database of education-related literature, contains nearly one million citations with abstracts, drawn from a variety of disciplines. Citations to journal articles, teaching and curriculum guides, bibliographies, research re ports, and conference papers are included. The ERIC database is available free in many large public and university libraries and on the Internet. The listings below are drawn from the ERIC database and include both teaching materials and general background informa tion on the topic. The key to obtaining the full text of the materials cited below is the unique ERIC number assigned to each item in the database. Journal articles, denoted by "EJ" numbers (for example, EJ549890) can be copied at most academic libraries, borrowed through interlibrary loan, or purchased from article reprint services such as UnCover, UMI, and ISI. Research reports, conference papers, and other materials besides journal articles are denoted by "ED" numbers (for example, ED398110); paper or microfiche copies of most of these documents can be purchased from the ERIC Document Reproduction Service (EDRS), 7420 Fullerton Road, Suite 110, Springfield, VA 22153-2852; (800) 443-3742; (703) 440-1400; ; ; or copied from an ERIC microfiche collection, avail able at many libraries. ERIC/ChESS welcomes requests for general information or sample database searches on topics within the social studies, social sciences, and music and art education. Contact ERIC/ChESS by telephone at (800) 266-3815 or (812) 855-3838, or by e-mail at .


Tension Members. Connections for Tension Members. Columns. Beams. Members Subject to Bending and Axial Force. Bracing Requirements. Connections. Plate Girders. Composite Members. Plastic Analysis and Design. Appendices. References. Index.


Based on demographic data from the newly available 6th census of 2010 in Guangzhou metropolitan areas, China, we established an alternative method of evaluating residential income level by using housing rent in urban statistical areas. Then we analysed the differentiation pattern and spatial structure of household income level. Finally, we explored the differentiation rule of household income level in 4 ring-layers. We found the following results. The spatial pattern of income level of Guangzhou, gradually better form periphery to centre, shows a significant spatial imbalance. The 'ring-layer' spatial differentiation structure and 'fan-shaped' extending structure are coexisting. Furthermore, the historical process of urban development, the evolution of urban function structure, and differentiation of housing prices are the core driving factors for the formation of spatial structure of household income level in Guangzhou.


To the Editor:

We appreciate Nunes' interest in our article, "Clinical Cardiology: Physician Update: Erectile Dysfunction and Cardiovascular Disease."1 We agree with some of the points Nunes highlighted; however, we think the letter suggests a misinterpretation of the intended main teaching points in our article.

We do not advocate that all patients with erectile dysfunction undergo stress testing and coronary angiography. Instead, because erectile dysfunction has been documented to precede angina by 2 to 3 years and adverse cardiovascular events by 3 to 5 years, we agree with The Second Princeton Consensus Conference guidelines that all patients with erectile dysfunction should undergo a cardiovascular risk factor evaluation. Identifying, treating, and ultimately controlling …


A series of amphiphilic azobenzene-functionalized poly(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylates) have been synthesized by quaternization between [3-(4-(4-bromo-butyloxy)phenyl)-trifluoromethyl]-diazene and the dimethylaminoethyl units of poly(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA). The azobenzene-functionalized polymers could self-assemble into micellar nanoparticles in water. Upon UV light irradiation, the spherical nanoparticles could only swell a little. Although the loaded nile red could not be released from the nanoparticles under UV light irradiation, the fluorescence intensity of nile red changed reversibly when altering UV and visible light irradiation. At pH 3, the nanoparticles could be swelled greatly and the loaded nile red could be released completely. At pH 10, the nanoparticles could be shrunk and the loaded nile red could be released a little. At high temperature, the nanoparticles could be shrunk, where little nile red could be released from the nanoparticles, while the fluorescence intensity of nile red could change reversibly during the heating and cooling processes.


Cholesterol pseudopolyps are the most common variant of gallbladder polyps (GP). Their development is pathogenetically connected with the components of metabolic syndrome, especially with dislipoproteinemia and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Lipid metabolism disorder in the form of increased levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins (LDL), decreased high-density lipoproteins (HDL), as well as steatosis and liver inflammation lead to disorders of enterohepatic circulation (EHC) of bile acids, changes in rheological properties of bile, which, eventually, can lead to uptake of excess bile cholesterol by epithelium of GP in form of micelles. Infiltration of microvilli with bile micelles causes activation of tissue macrophages and triggers subclinical microinflammation of GB wall. When neighboring microvilli, crowded with foamy cells, merge, cholesterol pseudopolyp is formed, which represents a focal form of GB cholesterosis. The main drug that influences the recovery of EHC and physicochemical properties of bile is ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA). There is also evidence that UDCA can improve parameters of lipid metabolism, liver enzymes, reduce the severity of hepatic steatosis. The use of UDCA in patients with polyposis form of GB cholesterosis has demonstrated positive results against cholesterol polyps. Glycyrrhizic acid (GA), which has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antifibrotic, and other beneficial properties, can improve the effectiveness of therapy for GB polyps by acting on the subclinical microinflammation component of the GB wall. In a prospective observational study, the use of fixed combination of UDCA with GA in patients with cholesterol polyps of GB and NAFLD for 3 months resulted in reduction of polyp number and size in more than 50% of patients, which was accompanied by significant improvement of lipid spectrum and liver enzymes parameters. Further studies of UDCA+GA combination in the combination of these pathologies are required.


Composites of polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) filled with solid lubricant particles of graphite (C), molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ), and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) were prepared by compression molding. The size of the solid lubricant particles was 3-5 μm. The friction and wear behaviors of the composites were examined with a pinon-disk test rig. The worn composite pin surfaces and the transfer films formed on the counterface were analyzed with scanning electron microscopy. An X-ray photoelectron spectroscope (XPS) was used to characterize the chemical states of the elements in the transfer film. It has been found that graphite and PTFE as the fillers increase the wear resistance of PPS considerably, while MoS 2 as the filler decreases the wear resistance of PPS greatly. The fillers promote the decomposition of PPS and generate compounds, which accounts for the changes in the wear resistance of the composites.


Antenatal perineal massage has been proposed as one method of decreasing the incidence of perineal trauma. It contributes to the softening of the tissues and relaxation of the pelvic floor muscles also decrease resistance to pressure during delivery. Most women are keen to give birth without perineal tears, cuts and stitches, as those often cause pain and discomfort afterwards, and can impact negatively on sexual functioning. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of regular perineal massage during last month of pregnancy on perineal outcomes. The research design used for the study was the quasi experimental design. A total of sixty pregnant women (massage and control groups each group consisted of 30 women) was recruited randomly for this study from the ante natal clinic and labor ward at ElMinia General Hospital. Tools used for data collection consisted of interviewing sheet, Intrapartum assessment sheet, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and follow up sheet. The Results of the study revealed that two thirds of massage group had intact perineum as compared to around one third in the control group. Also the first degree tears was less among the massage group (10.0%) compared to (23.3 %) in the control group, the third and fourth degree tear were observed in only one woman in the control group. The study concluded that perineal massage was effective in reducing perineal trauma, better labor progress and perineal outcomes. On the light of the study findings it is recommended that explanation about perineal massage should be a routine part of childbirth preparation, which is usually offered by nurses. Emphasize on the importance of antenatal follow up for women's education about perineal massage and specific recommendation for future research would be to replicate this study in other settings with different patient population is needed to increase the ability to generalize the findings.


In this chapter, I will examine further the socio-economic structure of the society by focusing on the landlord-tenant economic relations and resultant peasant pauperization and alienation. Based on facts and figures, I will bring to light the nature of Ethiopian feudal-colonial system and center-periphery relations, demographic change as a result of natural growth and government induced immigration en masse after 1941 and the extent to which it altered the traditional settlement patterns, social morphology, and interethnic relations. Particular emphasis will be placed on the condition of landless peasants and small land owners and the extent to which the system exposed them to exploitation, arbitrary eviction and dehumanization. Land alienation and the deterioration of the condition of farmers took on a new dimension with the introduction of modern/mechanized agriculture. In fact, development appeared to mean displacement for many landless peasants or small landowners. The data are based on oral information gathered from fieldwork1 as well as relevant written material and official documents. Also, I was born and grew up in the province and pertinently know the impacts of mechanization on peasants in Chilalo province. As was examined in Chapter VI, in its economic aspect, the outcome of the conquest of 1880s was the "initial expropriation of land and continuous alienation of land."2 The expropriation of land from the local people and its reallocation to the new comers took place for various reasons. First and foremost, to reward soldiers and administrators for the service they had rendered during the wars of expansion and the ensuring administration through the attribution of gult and rist land.3 Secondly, it was argued that unless the subject people


ABSTRACT Lawyers in many jurisdictions are ageing, and yet there is little information concerning the age profile of the legal profession. This paper presents the first consideration of the age profile of lawyers outside of the US, showing that Australian lawyers are ageing and delaying retirement. These findings have serious implications. Problems associated with a growing proportion of older lawyers include an increasing risk of lawyers suffering from age-related cognitive and physical impairment, and the related rise of complaints and malpractice claims against older lawyers. It is also clear that the Australian legal profession is unprepared to address these problems. The legal profession has ignored important gender-specific implications of ageing, such as female lawyers experiencing menopause and the lower savings of female lawyers moving into retirement. Regulatory regimes have not considered the impact of the profession's ageing profile, and there is no mandatory reporting of lawyers suffering from age-related impairment or provisions should a lawyer die. The profession also has not provided strategies to positively transition lawyers into retirement, and there is a lack of flexible working arrangements and succession planning, especially in firms located outside urban centres.


This paper presents a new calculation method of oil tank capacity,which has high precision and low complexity property,the method provides graphically capacity charts for oil tank displacement,which has good effect in simulation results and bright prospect of promotion application.