Neuropeptides and cytokines expressed within the brain and the immune system can act in association with circulating cytokines, catecholamines, and glucocorticoids to form an elegant bidirectional symmetry of brain–immune system communications. Interactions between these compounds are critical for the maintenance of homeostasis during immune system activation and during chronic inflammatory stress. Now that many fundamental principles governing the general anatomy of this network have been established, a major research challenge lies in elucidation of the functional roles of cytokines in the brain and neuropeptides in immune tissues. This chapter will focus on immunoneuropeptides, expression of many of which is altered in autoimmune diseases and also in models of chronic stress associated with inflammation. This has led to the proposition that immunoneuropeptides may be involved in underlying processes in the development of, and the responses to, acute and chronic inflammation. In support of this concept, potential for modulation of inflammation in vivo and in vitro has been demonstrated for many neuropeptides synthesized within immune cells. The purpose of this chapter is to summarize the evidence for involvement of immunoneuropeptides in disease processes and to discuss potential antiinflammatory therapies that may arise from our increased understanding of the roles these compounds play in immune responses. List of Abbreviations: AA, adjuvant arthritis; AVP, arginine vasopressin; CNS, central nervous system; CRF, corticotropin-releasing factor; EAE, experimental allergic encephalomyelitis; EMs, endomorphins; HPA, hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal; IL, interleukin; MC, melanocortin; OFQ, orphanin FQ; PAN, peripheral afferent nociceptive; PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cells; POMC, proopiomelanocortin; RA, rheumatoid arthritis; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus; SNS, sympathetic nervous system; SP, substance P; Ucn, Urocortin 1


A series of oxindole-containing ferrocenes has been synthesized, studied in the solid state by X-ray crystallography, and tested for in vitro kinase inhibition. Many compounds show low or submicromolar activities against DYRK isoforms and VEGFR2, which in certain cases have been rationalized by molecular docking studies.


Axillary lymph node status is an important prognostic factor for early breast cancer. As traditional axillary lymph node dissection is associated with a relatively high rate of mobidity, a less invasive procedure, sentinel lymph node biopsy, is being developed which aims to accurately predict the axillary nodal status and, thus, act as a guide to subsequent treatment. This new technique has a low complication rate and running costs. Although initial results are encouraging, the methodology has not been standardized across all centres. Current large-scale studies should determine whether it is a suitable replacement for traditional axillary lymph node dissection.


Using a sample of 146 Canadian wine-producing firms, I analyze the link between knowledge sources and innovation by examining the way in which different strategies influence a firm's capacity for innovation. I then examine which innovation strategies are more strongly linked to innovation and the extent to which there are differences amongst wine-producing regions in Canada. Copyright © 2015 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Resume

La recherche a ete conduite sur un echantillon de 146 entreprises canadiennes de l'industrie viticole. J'analyse le lien entre l'utilisation de sources de connaissance et l'innovation en examinant la maniere dont differentes strategies influencent la capacite d'innovation des entreprises viticoles. Par la suite, j'examine les strategies d'innovation qui sont les plus fortement associees a l'innovation et les differences au sein des regions viticoles canadiennes. Copyright © 2015 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Waste materials might be utilized in various applications, such as sustainable roller compacted concrete pavements (RCCP), to lessen the negative environmental consequences of construction waste. The impacts of utilizing (brick, thermostone, granite, and ceramic) powders on the mechanical characteristics of RCCP are investigated in this study. To achieve this, the waste materials were crushed, grounded, and blended before being utilized as filler in the RCCP. After the mixes were prepared, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength, water absorption, density, and porosity were all determined. According to the research results, adding some of these powders, mainly brick and granite powder, enhances the mechanical characteristics of RCCP due to their pozzolanic activity and filler effect. Compared to the reference mixture, the usage of ceramic powder provided satisfactory results. When the thermostone powder is utilized in RCCP, unfavorable results occur, resulting in a reduction in the RCCP's mechanical characteristics.


Moderator Dr. Tabb: We will concentrate on the modified radical mastoidectomy and the radical mastoidectomy where the posterior osseous canal wall is removed and a mastoid cavity created. Radical mastoid operations are usually performed for chronic infections and/or cholesteatomas involving the middle ear and mastoid process of the temporal bone. The first objective of the mastoid surgeon should be eradication of the disease. We would naturally assume that this has been accomplished before any reconstructive surgery is performed. In achieving the goal of disease removal, it is inevitable in some cases that varying amounts of the posterior osseous canal wall must be removed, creating a mastoid cavity, which, in the opinion of many otologists, is a deformity and should be reconstructed. I would like to start off with a question: Why should we attempt to reconstruct the bony canal wall? Why should we attempt to avoid a mastoid cavity? Dr.


The present invention relates to a system for electrically coupling the charging device to the power storage unit of the vehicle. System bar (200), the protective panel (300), the flap (400), synchronizing bar, the protective panel, and the movement of the flap between the drive means (500), and extending from the storage position and the ground position including the control device. .FIELD 1


More than one million colonoscopies are performed every year in France. They are associated with risks of mechanical and systemic serious adverse events (SAEs) which can be associated with patient, procedure, endoscopist, and facility characteristics. We tried to identify the factors associated with colonic perforation, gastrointestinal bleeding, splenic injury, shock, myocardial infarction, stroke, pulmonary embolism, acute renal failure, and urolithiasis after colonoscopy.

 We analysed data from the French national claims databases (SNDS). A total of 4,088,799 patients, 30 years or older, undergoing a first screening or diagnostic colonoscopy between 2010 and 2015 were identified. SAE rates were estimated, and risk factors associated with SAEs were identified using multilevel logistic regression models, adjusted for patient, colonoscopy, endoscopist, and facility characteristics.

 Increasing age was associated with an increasing incidence of mechanical and systemic SAEs. Cancer and cardiovascular comorbidities were associated with mechanical SAEs, and a higher number of pre-existing conditions was associated with shock and acute renal failure. Polypectomy, especially of polyps larger than 1 cm, was associated with an increased risk of perforation (OR = 4.1; 95% CI, 3.4-5.0) and bleeding (OR = 13.3; 95% CI, 11.7-15.1). Mechanical SAEs were associated with the endoscopist's experience, while systemic SAEs were more frequent in public hospitals than in private clinics.

 SAEs related to colonoscopy were more frequent in older patients and in those with comorbidities. Mechanical SAEs were more frequent when colonoscopy was performed by less experienced endoscopists. Systemic SAEs were more frequent in public hospitals, reflecting patient selection processes. The risk of both mechanical and systemic SAEs should be taken into account when deciding to perform colonoscopy, particularly in older patients with multiple pre-existing conditions.

 Systemic SAEs are not uncommon after colonoscopy and, together with intestinal SAEs, should be considered when considering the need for colonoscopy. Patients at risk of SAEs should be identified and colonoscopy should be performed by experienced endoscopists in these patients. Less invasive alternatives should also be considered in these patients.


This study aimed to investigate the reliability and validity of a self‐administered version of DEMQOL‐Proxy, a disease‐specific instrument that measures health‐related quality of life in people with dementia.


The number of scientific publications is continuously increasing, with most publications describing research that is also interesting for industrial software engineers. Program comprehension in particular is an essential and time consuming task in industry, but new approaches are rarely adopted.We conducted a survey with 89 participants from research and industry to investigate this problem. Our results indicate that researchers have to integrate other ways to communicate their work and make evaluations more practical.


Research on the various aspects of hermetic compressor design and development has been going on for a long period of time. As old questions get answered, new ones keep coming up. So much work has been done that a beginner in the compressor design field could easily get confused, and might not even know where to start. The purpose of this paper is to present a consolidated and simplified design approach that could be used as a guideline to get started with the very complex task of designing a hermetic compressor. Ideas that have proven successful over the years have been discussed. Particular attention has been given to design for performance. Critical problem areas and issues that influence the design tremendously have been discussed. INTRODUCTION Designing a compressor -is it an art or a science? Most of us have wondered at one time or the other about the answer to this question. Volumes of research work done in the past decades [3, 6, 7] indicate that there is alot to be learned, investigated, and understood. And yet, as any experienced compressor designer would tell us, there are subtle mysteries involved in compressor designing that would require an experienced hand to unravel. Perhaps, one would have to admit that designing a compressor is both an art and a science. Indeed one could very well say that science itself becomes art when it is well understood and well practiced.


A significant difference in the magnitude of the threshold voltage (Vt) reduction achieved by lanthanum oxide (La2O3) incorporation in ultra-thin dielectrics is observed for TaCx and TaCxNy electrodes. This is explained by dielectric consumption resulting from the thermodynamically unstable TaCx electrode, which gives rise to electrically active oxygen vacancies in the high-permittivity dielectric. We report extensively on the presence and origins of an aberrant negative Vt shift during positive bias temperature instability stressing and, conversely, a positive shift during negative bias temperature instability stressing for La2O3 capped HfSiON dielectrics observed for TaCx electroded films, not seen for the TaCxNy case. Although, oxygen vacancies are inherent due to the differences in electronic configuration between lanthanum and hafnium, this effect is exacerbated by the electrode instability, which is reflected in the Vt dependence.


This paper describes a cohesive zone modeling of fracture in three-dimensional irregular lattices. Lattice geometry is based on a Voronoi discretization of the material domain. In addition to being an effective means for discretization, the Voronoi diagram provides scaling rules for the elemental stiffness relations and fracture criteria. The lattice model provides an elastically uniform representation of the material. The cohesive zone representation of fracture is implemented using a crack band approach and is objective with respect to the irregular geometry of the lattice. Model performance is demonstrated through simulated fracture testing of a notched concrete beam.


A most important contemporary task of family sociology lies in studying dynamic aspects of the family. Accordingly, family change and family development are the two major fields of research, while the methods worthy of special note for research along these lines are historical study making use of documents and panel interviewing. In addition to studies of dynamic aspects from the dimension of time, contemporary family sociology requires cross-national comparative studies in the space dimension and also cumulative studies on organizational lines. These tasks will be valid by and large for other branches of contemporary sociological enquiries. How these emerge and what characteristics they demonstrate in such a field as family sociology where one may boast of rich accumulation of significant contributions is the problem which the present article attempts to discuss. The author acknowledges other tasks facing contemporary family sociology than those to be treated here. They will be handled in the articles that follow in this special issue. In this sense, one can say that the subject of the present paper will hopefully be treated throughout the whole issue.


The synthesis of 2,2′-biphenylenediphenylphosphonium, 2,2′-biphenylenephenylbenzylphosphonium and 2,2′-biphenylenephenyl(p-nitrophenyl)phosphonium salts is described. The related phosphoranyl radicals I, IV and V, generated by electrochemical reduction, are measured by ESR spectroscopy. A similar procedure is followed for the radicals II and III; related phosphonium compounds are described in the literature.

The small values of the phosphorus doublet splitting constants are an indication for a tetrahedron (T) like configuration of the phosphorus. The odd electron is delocalized in the aromatic ligands and the five 3-d orbitals of the phosphorus.

It is shown that the spin- and odd electron density distribution depends on the electron affinity of the aryl ligands. This is confirmed by quantum chemical calculations.


Research on the Ability Training of Track and Field Athletes in Sprint Zhiquan Tian Feng Dong Jie Yan Sports Department, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710048, China Abstract As an important part of track and field sports, sprint has high requirements for physical fitness, and the quality of performance is closely related to the strength of athletes' own sports ability. Therefore, it is urgent to improve the special ability and physical quality of athletes and optimize and adjust the training methods. In view of this, this paper mainly based on the energy supply characteristics of sprint in track and field, aiming at the shortcomings in the training process, discusses the countermeasures to deal with the problems in order to ensure the systematization and scientific nature of sports training. Improve athletes' speed endurance and beauty sensitivity.


A methodology to allow the deliberate design of solid precursors to affect the solid-state synthesis of materials has proven elusive. We have designed a conceptual synthesis route for M n+1 AX n phases that does not involve the usual intermediate phases. Instead, it is proposed that the common structural units within a solid-state precursor M n+1 X n containing vacancy ordering should be the basis for direct synthesis of the desired M n+1 AX n phase. The method is demonstrated to be successful in producing titanium aluminum carbide (Ti 3 AlC 2 ) by the rapid intercalation of Al into TiC 0.67 at 400°-600°C below the conventional synthesis temperature. Time-resolved neutron diffraction at 1 min time-resolution has confirmed the reaction sequence. The vacancy ordering in TiC 0.67 occurred simultaneously to, and appeared to be greatly facilitated by, the ingress of aluminum. There is considerable scope for adaptation of the method to other M n+1 AX n phases.


A study was conducted to explore the myths about mental illness among caregivers of mentally ill clients, in selected hospital Dehradun, Uttarakhand. The aim of the study was to assess the attitude of people regarding mentally ill and mental illness. The present study aims at exploring the myths and facts about mental illness among the care givers of mentally ill clients and will help to bring more awareness among people. Non- experimental, Exploratory Survey design was used in the psychiatric O. P. D of selected Hospital Dehradun, Uttarakhand. The Sample was 100 caregivers of mentally ill clients, and convenient sampling technique was used to select the samples. Major findings of the study suggest that out of total samples, 65% subjects fell in the age group of 18 - 38 years. Based on the responses of the participants in the study maximum number of caregiver had positive opinion towards mental illness. People know that mental illness is not God's punishment for past sins and only visiting holy shrines will not cure the person from mental illness. Therefore mental illness no longer carries a stigma, and it can be treated with positive results.


Positive correlations between measures of "fitness" and the number of electrophoretic loci for which an individual is heterozygous have been observed in many species. Two major hypotheses have been proposed to explain this phenomenon: inbreeding depression and overdominance. Until recently, there has been no way to distinguish between these hypotheses. The overdominance model devised by Smouse (1986) is used here in a reanalysis of Ledig et al.'s (1983) study of heterozygosity and growth rate in eight populations of pitch pine and is contrasted with an inbreeding‐depression analysis. Ledig et al. (1983) regressed mean growth rate per heterozygosity class on the number of heterozygous loci, a method of analysis which, although it points to general trends in the data, does not differentiate between hypotheses. The correlations they obtained in four populations were significant only because regressing on the means eliminates most of the sum of squares for error and does not weight the unequally sized heterozygosity classes. Reanalysis of Ledig et al.'s data using individuals, not means, showed no significant correlations between heterozygosity and fitness.


Objective To understand the contents of iron,zinc,calcium and lead in children body at the aged 0~5 of Tianhe district.To explore the control measures when lack of trace elements,and provided references for add reasonable to children.Method 1 326 samples came from outpatients in our hosptial at the age of 0~5 in 2009,using Beijing Bohui BH5100 atomic absorption spectrometry determination the contents of iron,zinc,calcium in peripheral blood,blood lead analyzed by BH2100.Results In children body first lack of zinc(29.40%),iron followed(26.21%),calcium was the third(15.72%).The lead average was 56.5μg / L at 0~1 years old group and up to 88.3μg / L at 5 years old.Conclusions 0 to 5 years old is the fastest period of growth and development,and zinc,iron,calcium are prone to deficiency at that time,the younger the more likely lack of,but the blood lead increase.parents should strengthen health education,know dietary collocation and reasonable diet.These suggest that child health care workers should take different interventions under the age groups.


Background: Adult urodele amphibians represent unique model organisms to study spinal cord regeneration. Trauma to the spinal cord induces an ependymal response, activating multipotent neural stem cells that contribute to the redifferentiation of both glia and neurons in the regenerate. The molecular events underlying this ependymal response are not completely understood, but likely involve coordinated global changes in gene expression. MicroRNAs and retinoid signaling are postulated to orchestrate these patterns of gene expression in response to trauma. Our objectives were to determine the roles played by some miRNAs as potential regulators of retinoid signaling in this process. Results: We found that the expression levels of miRNAs 133a, 203, and 124a are dysregulated during the first 21 days post amputation (dpa). Interestingly, these miRNAs are expressed primarily within the ependymoglia. We have shown in vitro that a miR‐133a mimic targets the 3' UTR of the newt RARβ2 transcript. Importantly, upregulation of this mimic in vivo led to a significant decline in RARβ2 protein at 14 dpa and inhibited regeneration. Conclusions: These data are the first to link miRNAs and retinoid signaling during spinal cord regeneration and provide support for miR‐133a as an upstream regulator of RARβ2 expression in this process. Developmental Dynamics 243:1581–1590, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


The Basel III regulatory framework was created in direct response to the financial crisis that occurred in 2007-2008. The regulatory framework in place during and before the crisis, Basel II, had not done enough to prevent the crisis. This prompted a revision and expansion of the regulations. The regulators created a new framework, which was initiated in January of 2013 and is expected to be fully implemented by 2019. Basel III expands the capital requirements already in place in Basel II. These increases in capital requirements will have an effect on the profitability of the banks. According to the Modigliani-Miller (MM) theory, increases in equity will reduce the banks' return on equity (ROE). If the ROE of the banks are falling, the increase in capital requirement will not have large effects on the lending margins, but there will be an increase in tax expenditure for the bank. There is, however, some distortion to the MM theory, as the implicit guarantees provided by the government will cause the banks to try to maintain their ROE. This study used the method of King (2010) to create a model bank, using the annual reports of 2011-2012 for the 4 major Swedish banks. Using this model bank, a simulation on how a 1pp increase in total capital requirements will impact ROE. The objective is to identify by how much the banks need to increase their lending spread in order to maintain their pre capital requirement ratio ROE. This study concludes that an increase in the lending spread by 7 basis points is needed to maintain the ROE when the banks increase their total capital ratio by 1pp. (Less)


The museum as architecture, as the central theme around which this entire monographic issue rotates, derived from a call for papers that also left the field open for reflections on virtual museums and on the dematerialisation of the exhibited object. The theses developed in the articles that arrived (generally) and in those that were selected (specifically) confirm the importance of the museum as architecture. "Presence" won out over "absence", a position that does not displease us: reality over virtuality. The thesis of surplus value of the real museum compared to the virtual museum is corroborated by such definitions as "space of grace" (Clemente), "apparatus of the soul" (Piscella), and "palimpsest of the place" (Lomurno): perceptual characteristics of the real that could not easily be transferred to virtuality as a way of making museums become authentic "acts of resistance" (De Matteis). In this introduction we critically analyse the papers making up the monograph.


Contrasted with the conventional sterilization, the one by gas plasma, has many advantages, especially for the disinfection of heat-sensitive materials. The paper mainly introduced the characteristics and the application fields of plasma sterilization, the mechanism of plasma sterilization, the researches at home and abroad in recent years and the factors which effected the efficiency of sterilization. The problems in the plasma sterilization were discussed and the future research works in this field were also put forward.


The correlations between local measurement results are characteristic for multi-partite quantum systems. Under the condition of local realism, which assumes that properties of physical systems exist independent of being measured, and that space-like separated actions on the system cannot influence each other, these correlations are constrained by Bell-inequalities. Quantum mechanics predicts correlations which are not explainable under these two assumptions. The resulting violation of Bell inequalities was originally studied for pairs of entangled particles (Einstein et al.,1935). Meanwhile these ideas were extended to three-and more partite quantum states in particular with respect to the different kinds of multi-particle entanglement and their implications on the obtainable correlations (Mermin, 1990). Here we present a method to construct characteristic Bell inequalities for particular four-qubit states. These inequalities are a versatile tool, not only to provide evidence for non-locality, but also for the characterization of the states, with respect to detection of genuine multipartite entanglement and to state discrimination. Exemplarily we apply our approach to the symmetric four qubit Dicke-state (Dicke, 1954) with two excitations. (A symmetric N-qubit Dicke state with M excitations is the equal superposition of N-qubit pure product states having M logical 1 's and (N-M) logical 0's.) Experimentally the state was observed with photons as carrier of the qubits, using polarization encoding.


Because of history,nature and realistic financial system and so on many factors restrictions,ethnic area financial impoverished phenomenon extremely prominent,this kind of present situation,not only west ambush many influences the multi-national area social economy harmonious development and reduces with the east middle area between the social economy development disparity strategic target realization,moreover also is having the huge impact and the latent risk to the entire ethnic economy fast stable development,therefore,is impoverished to the ethnic area finance must find the practical feasible solution countermeasure and the way.


The main circuit topology of D-STATCOM based on modular H-bridge cell is researched.Compared with traditional three-phase bridge structure,the voltage rating of the researched device is improved with the same rating voltage of semi-conductor switch.A repetitive learning control strategy for D-STATCOM based on three-phase stationary reference frame,in which system voltage phase locked loop is cancelled,is proposed,so it is simple to implement.Current loop control is based on direct current tracking repetitive learning control to make output current possessing good steady state tracking precision and dynamic response performance under the remarkable change of key parameters of main circuit.The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is verified by simulation results of the STATCOM model based on the platform of PSCAD.


The evolution of the urban systems goes through different stages. The first is the formation of the whole system where the conformity to the rank-size rule is improving. The second is the transition from the quasi-amorphous state to the quasi-crystalline state where the conformity to the rank-size rule is getting worse, but the conformity to the central place theory is improving. The relativistic central place theory makes the spacing of the central places and their size interdependent. The attractor of the evolution of the central places systems is the state of isostatic equilibrium – the complete compensation of the deviation from the theory predictions by the spacing of the central places. The size of the central places is determined in another way than in the classical theory. The type of Christaller's hierarchy – the K – is depending on the degree of the urbanisation and changes during the evolution of the central systems. So that the virtual hierarchies K=5 and K=6 which are not conforming to any optimization principle do exist. When the urban population is below 50% K=3, if it is between 50% and 60% - K=4, for 70 – 80% K=5, if it is about 90% - K=6 and the extreme quantity of the urban population – 100% corresponds to K=7. The evolution of the central places systems is closely related to the transition of urban systems from one Gibbs stage of urbanisation to another and with the evolution of transport networks. Many national and regional urban systems were studied in order to test these statements and the results were satisfactory.


Pressing challenges of the 21st century need adequate response of science! This claim is not just a question of working on urgent and relevant questions. This claim calls for new approaches in science. According to the proverb 'The world has problems, universities have faculties' – we have to overcome traditional boundaries of disciplines. Moreover we have to transgress the confinement to the ivory tower and invite the persons affected and potential future multipliers into the process of research. This need for transdisciplinary research and both its opportunities and challenges will be highlighted by introducing a holistic biochar approach for smallholder farmers in East Africa. Two decades after the re-discovery and scientific description of the extremely fertile and long-term carbon storing Amazonian Dark Earths, there seems to be a 'black gold rush'. Charcoal used as a soil amendment (biochar) might reproduce such soils. Small scale biochar production and its application to the soil offer opportunities for improvement of both human health and soil properties and for food security, climate change adaptation and mitigation especially in East Africa. But still these sound pre-conditions and even excellence in science do not guarantee success in terms of a benefit for farmers. A lot of work needs to be done to transform those multiple chances into a true solution. It will require a transdisciplinary and interactive form of development cooperation and research – a true cooperation between local farmers, organizations and willing researchers.


In this paper, linking with the basic principle of FCM (Fuzzy c-means clustering) algorithm, on the basis of theory research, a method of the cluster analysis of improved FCM based on wavelet transform is proposed. Firstly, the approximate optimal solution obtained by the improved FCM algorithm is taken as the original value, then combined with intensity-texture-position feature space in order to produce connected regions shown in the image. The final segmentation result is achieved at last. The experiment results prove that in the view of the sport image segmentation, this algorithm provides fast segmentation with high perceptual segmentation quality.


The analysis of the texts published in 1913-1914 (before the outbreak of World War I) in "Tygodnik Ilustrowany" indicates that the Warsaw weekly focused its attention first and foremost on preserving discretion and distance. The editors, reassuring the readers, proposed looking at the European conflict in terms of restoring economic equilibrium. The outbreak of World War I forced the magazine to modify the communication strategy – the materials that make up the first war issue oscillate between calm and fear (in reference to military action) and peace and certainty (in the description of the new order). The rhetorical tension present in the special issue reflects the breakthrough quality of the described reality, and at the same time demonstrates the effort undertaken by the editorial staff to maintain the information strategy pursued in the periodical, aiming at privileging the discourse of order.


It was for the European Semester 2017/2018 that the European Commission included the European Pillar of Social Rights for the first time after its proclamation. In this framework, the Social Scoreboard, which accompanies the pillar, has the potential to outline social problems across the EU. However, this potential is not fully exploited. The member states are reluctant to use it. Budgetary objectives as well as those related to increasing the member states' economic competitiveness are dominating social objectives. Only if social objectives are in line with the aims of economic coordination, they have a chance to be included into reform recommendations. To achieve the "social 'triple A' rating" (Jean-Claude Juncker), the aims set out in the pillar as well as the process of coordination in social policy need to become more binding.


Endocrine disrupting chemicals are found in many products such as soaps, shampoos, perfumes, kitchenware, textile materials, plastic bottles and containers, toys


We design the novel dual barrier structure for Germanium MOSFET applications. The source/drain region is proposed to be composited with dual stacked germanide layers, and different barrier heights are hence formed. DC and Analog/RF analysis are carried out with simulations. The results have shown the tradeoff between Ion and Ioff can be feasibly achieved. Furthermore, the devices' performance is nearly insensitive to germanium thickness, which can bring benefit to relax the requirement for the ultra-thin body thickness. With gate length scaled down, the intrinsic gain degrades, but cutoff frequency and intrinsic delay benefit from smaller capacitances.


The phenomena of anomalous and critical dynamics occur across a wide range of systems. Anomalous dynamics is a diffusion process that is characterized by rare events, termed Lévy flights. Critical dynamics is associated with diverging system properties in the vicinity of a critical point at which the system undergoes a phase transition. These effects can be studied not only in classical systems but also in quantum systems. A quantum system of particular interest is the central spin system, since several candidate systems for the building blocks (qubits) of quantum information processing applications can be mapped onto it. Here, a single central spin interacts with a large spin environment. Understanding the intricate coupled dynamics is key in overcoming a major roadblock to quantum information applications, which is rooted in the dissipation and decoherence of a spin qubit. Quantum dots, which are zero-dimensional nanostructures that confine electrons in all three spatial dimensions, constitute a qubit candidate. The confined electron spin interacts with the nuclear spin environment of the host material, realizing a driven-dissipative central spin system. Since many parameters of a quantum dot can be tuned, it is an extremely versatile system to study both experimentally and theoretically. In this context, we identify open challenges, which include the preparation of the spin environment of a spin qubit in an ultra-narrow state to reduce the spin decoherence, the direct observation of Lévy flights in a single quantum system, as well as the investigation of critical dynamics of a dissipative solid-state system in an experimentally accessible regime. We address these questions theoretically in a driven-dissipative central spin system with a particular focus on an optically driven self-assembled quantum dot. When the central (electron) spin is driven by two lasers in a coherent population trapping configuration, the coupling to the (nuclear) spin environment forces the system into an electron–nuclei dark state. As a consequence, the optical absorption is drastically reduced, which in turn suppresses the dominant nuclear spin dynamics. The standard deviation of the resulting ultra-narrow nuclear spin distribution is close to the single-spin regime. This greatly prolongs the spin coherence time of the electron, which is an important result in light of potential applications in quantum information processing. Remarkably, the mechanism that leads to the cooling of the nuclear spin environment can be described in terms of an anomalous diffusion process of the nuclear spins. We then show that anomalous nuclear diffusion can also be observed in a time-dependent scheme where the electron is driven by periodic laser pulses. Strikingly, these nuclear Lévy flights can be monitored in real-time by tracking the photon emission events, making this scheme a promising path towards the experimental observation of Lévy flights in a single quantum system. Finally, we find signatures reminiscent of critical phenomena in a spin environment that is controlled by the central spin. The latter is assumed to be driven by two lasers in the coherent population trapping configuration. For selfassembled quantum dots, the nuclear spins are forced to transition continuously from an unpolarized to a polarized state when the relative strength of the two lasers is tuned accordingly. The transition is accompanied by increased nuclear fluctuations. However, in the thermodynamic limit the feedback from the electron


Present paper is devoted to the development of siliconized graphite production technology. Confirmed that the cheapest and most promising material for the manufacture of siliconized graphite is a natural raw materials (technical carbon black, graphite and quartz). The study experimentally determined value for the specific components and their granulometric parameters that allow to obtain a material with the desired physic mechanical characteristics and physicochemical properties. Keywords-siliconized graphite production, sintering, heat.


Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is considered as a very convenient technique for radionuclide measurement in the nuclear field owing to its high sensitivity and accuracy and to the possibility measuring a large range of masses. To study the different biokinetic behaviours of two different uranium oxides, insoluble UO2 and soluble UO4' in rats after successive inhalations, an analytical procedure to measure the quantity of uranium coming from each oxide was developed. The number of biological matrices studied was limited to three: two ways of the airborne uranium entry, i.e. the set lung/trachea and the gastrointestinal tract, and one way of excretion with urines. After repeated inhalations of UO2 followed by one acute inhalation of UO4' total uranium measurement in the different matrices was performed either with a kinetic phosphorescence analyzer (KPA), ICP-MS or with α- spectrometry. In addition, the amount of uranium coming from UO4' UO2 or natural uranium, respectively, was calculated by ICP-MS and α-spectrometry. All the results were compared and found to be similar. As a conclusion, the analytical procedure developed with ICP-MS was validated and ICP-MS was confirmed to be an efficient tool for the study of successive internal contaminations with uranium.


— Making a Charger Station by implementing a Buck-Boost Converter with an energy source produced by solar panels aims to make it easier for people when travelling to a place, especially outdoor tourism due to the lack of available places for charging batteries on cellphones. This paper was created as a project-based learning assignment for industrial automation practicum course. In designing this system, attention is paid to the buck-boost converter to be able to provide the voltage that enters the battery so that it can charge and can issue the proper voltage. This system is designed and simulated with the Proteus program with the lowest voltage of 9.5 Volts to the highest voltage of 18 Volts. The desired voltage from this paper is 13.6 Volts. The result of this paper is that regardless of the input voltage in the circuit in the range of 9.5 - 18 Volts, it can output a voltage of 13.6 Volts or has an average error of 0.021 Volts.


(24/12/2018)  The residential electricity sector in Denmark: A description of current conditions We provide an overview of the current conditions and framework for residential electricity consumption in Denmark. This includes a general overview of the sector, the retail market and the regulatory framework. We describe the regulations currently in place and changes which have been decided for the coming years. The information and data described are all publicly available, though much of it only in Danish language. This description is to our knowledge one of the first comprehensive overviews of the Danish residential sector in English language. We have translated a number of terms commonly used in the area, which are listed in the Glossary towards the end of the report. We also attach a list and description of the major sources of information and data that can be obtained and downloaded for analysis of the Danish residential electricity sector.


Artificial intelligence (AI) in the area of medical imaging has shown a developed technology to have automatically the true diagnosis especially in ultrasonic imaging area. At this light, two types of neural networks algorithms have been developed to automatically classify the Ultrasonic Computed Tomographic (USCT) images into three categories, such as healthy, fractured and osteoporosis bone USCT images. In this work, at first step, a Convolutional Neural Network including two types of CNN models such (Inception-V3 and MobileNet) are proposed as a classifier system. At second step, an evolutionary neural network is proposed with the AmeobaNet model for USCT image classification. Results achieve 100% for train accuracy and 96%, 91.7% and 87.5% using Amoebanet, Inception-V3 and MobileNet respectively for the test accuracy. Results outperforms the state of the art and prove the robustness of the proposed classifier system with a short time process by its implementation on GPU. Keywords—USCT; Inception-V3; MobileNet; Ameobanet-V2; classification; accuracy; transfer deep learning


A COMPARISON OF IMMUNE RESPONSE AND ORGAN WEIGHTS IN BROILER CHICKENs Daniel Rothschild Co-Advisors: University of Guelph, 2019 Dr. Stephanie Torrey Dr. Niel Karrow The objective was to benchmark data on immune response and organ weights of three slower growing strains and one fast growing strain of broiler chickens raised under the same conditions. Relative weights of cardiovascular, respiratory, hepatic, renal and lymphatic organs were compared across strains, as were antibody response to infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) vaccine and oocysts from Eimeria spp. A significant effect was seen on organ size when compared at the heavier of two target weights and at the same age. Conventional strain (C) had significantly smaller relative kidney and lung sizes, while slower strain H had significantly smaller relative hearts compared to all other strains. Significant effects for antibody concentration in response to vaccination for IBV, in which strain C had higher antibody titers compared to two slower strains M and H. The results from this study indicate that growth differences between strains impact organ weights and immune status. iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First and foremost, I would like to thank my advisor, Dr. Stephanie Torrey, for her ongoing support and guidance throughout this stage in my academic career. I am grateful for the opportunities she has provided and for supporting and believing in my abilities as a scientific researcher. I would also like to extend my thanks and gratitude to my advisory committee – Dr. Tina Widowski, Dr. Niel Karrow, and Dr. Leonard Susta for their continuous involvement and support in the development of my scientific learning throughout my program. They advanced my knowledge through their expert advice. I would like to give a special thanks to two PhD students in my lab – Mariana Roedel Peixoto and Midian Nascimento dos Santos. Both aided in the development of my critical thinking skills, helped with the development of my scientific research and supported me throughout this journey. Besides being incredible mentors, both have been extremely great friends, and their support has gotten me through some of the hardest parts. Thank you to Linda Caston for her contributions and support throughout this project. Thank you to Michelle Edwards, whom guided me through the statistics for my research. Thank you to all the students in our lab that helped out with various tasks involved in this project, to Ziwei Li for teaching me the ELISA technique and to Ryan Snider for teaching me oocysts per gram process. In addition, I would like to thank the Arkell research station staff who were incredibly helpful during my project. I am very grateful for their dedication and for the support that they provided which made my research possible and enjoyable. Lastly a huge thanks to my parents, family, and friends who have supported me throughout my studies at the University of Guelph. Mom and Dad, you have encouraged my interests to work with animals from the very beginning. Without your support and reassurance, I would not be where I am today. All have encouraged me from the very beginning, and I owe a lot of my success to their loving support. iv Table of


Our main finding is that according to green accounting measures, Scotland's development over much of the past 20 years has not, on the whole, matched up to the standards of sustainability. However, the national picture seems to have improved in the recent past.


This article has the objective of explaining the differences between human rights and fundamental rights. To achieve this, the author describes a series of differences between them. She starts by explaining how two theories (positivism and ius naturalism) could be the start to difference them, using concepts such as principles and rules. Once the background of each one is settled, a question pops out: which one emerged first? To answer this question, the author analyzes the structure of each one, relating them and putting them in the judicial system of today. The importance and the impact of each one in the system is emphasized, and a series of evaluations are made in order to determine their differences. Last but not least, both types of rights are analyzed within the Mexican judicial system. SuMario: Introducción. I. El fundamento de los derechos humanos. II. La función del positivismo. III. Distinción entre derechos humanos y fundamentales. IV. Los derechos fundamentales. V. La positivización de los derechos humanos. VI. Diferencia formal entre los dos tipos de normas. VII. Los derechos humanos en el derecho interno.


According to the requirements of a coaxial space remote sensors,a high-precision truss made of carbon fiber composites was developed to be as the supporting structure between primary and secondary mirrors,and its engineering applications were analyzed.In the manufacturing process,the relevant technological process was explored and the high-precision machining of the structure was realized.Finally,the vibration test,mechanical test and temperature stability test were performed.Based on the optical measurement method,an automatic testing platform was set up and the measurement precision was improved by rapidly repeated measurement and the elimination of artificial factors.The analysis and test results indicate that the high-precision truss only weights 13 kg,the first natural frequency is 119 Hz,and the deformations are less than 4″ under the conditions of gravity,10 ℃ temperature rise and 4℃ temperature difference.Furthermore,the flatness of mounting interfaces for each component is less than 8 μm in the high lightweight and high stability.The truss has been successfully applied in a space remote sensor,and the design scheme,test scheme and the manufacturing process discussed in this paper can be used as a reference for other coaxial space remote sensors with the same type.


Assemble language is one important part of the history of computer development. In spite of some disadvantages have shown with along the high-speed development of computer, this essay instructs some methods to apply Assemble language in Delphi.


This article discusses the development of the beekeeping industry in the world, the leading countries in its cultivation and export, their share, the experience of growing and exporting honey in Ukraine, and also developed recommendations for its implementation in our country.


With the globalization of the world economy, the multiple parts in the production process of a commodity are gradually divided into different countries, and a large number of intermediate products are flowing among different countries. Accordingly, what the distribution of the value added of specific commodities from the global value chain perspective has gained widely attention. Meanwhile, many studies has focused on computing the embodied greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of international trade. While little literature pays attention to the measurement of carbon trade efficiency which makes a linkage between embodied CO2 emission and supply value chain. By using extended multi-countries input-output models based on world input-output database (WIOD), this paper constructs a macro carbon trade intensity index to measure the carbon efficiency of international trade which plays a significant role in helping each country to understand their emission responsibilities more profoundly. Based on the global value chain and embodied carbon emissions, this index can be understood as the negative externalities of the country, which is a measure that can include the economic benefits. Meanwhile, the higher the carbon trade intensity, including the export carbon intensity (ECI) and import carbon intensity (ICI), the stronger the negative externality. Note that the domestic carbon intensity (DCI) index means the negative externality of the domestic consumption to their own country, which can be compared with the ECI and ICI. Combining the value added extended GMRIO model and the environmentally extended GMRIO model and by using world input-output database (WIOD), this paper calculated and compared the carbon trade intensity of 14 major countries based on which some policy implications are discussed. The main findings are as following: 1) The intensity indices for China, India, Chinese Taiwan and Russia reveal the characteristic of ECI > DCI > ICI, while for other countries, the characteristic is ICI > ECI > DCI; Meanwhile, there is not much difference in the ICI between countries, while obvious differences exist between their ECI; Moreover, the ECI of the developing countries (including the transition countries) are significantly higher than those of the developed countries. 2) Compared with 1995, almost all countriesâ€TM three types of carbon intensities decreased, although with different decline degrees; The carbon trade intensities of developed economies are concentrated and do not decline much, while the ECI and DCI of China, India and Russia are all very high and decrease significantly, with Chinaâ€TMs ECI decreasing most by 42.5%; In particular, the increase in the ECI would bring more challenges to Taiwan's energy-saving and emission reduction.3) Seen from the bilateral carbon trade intensity (in 2009), there is no big difference in the ECIs of China to other countries; for India, bigger differences exist in its ECIs to other countries; the ECIs of Russia to other countries are commonly high; and the most surprising result is that the ECI of Taiwan to Japan is the highest and much higher than those to other countries; In addition, the ICIs of Australia, India, Japan and the US with oversea countries all show that those oversea trading countries with a higher intensity are mainly concentrated in several developing countries and transition countries.


A turbocharger (30) which is operated as a compression device is provided between a suction pipe (11) and an exhaust pipe (24) is arranged. The turbocharger (30) is equipped with a motor (34). The motor (34) has the ability to deliver an assist power to the turbocharger (30). An engine ECU (50) detects a predetermined acceleration condition of the vehicle and also detects a predetermined gear shifting operation that is performed in a transmission. Further, when the predetermined acceleration condition is detected, the engine ECU (50) calculates an assisting output, which for the turbocharger (30) is required according to the gearshift operation of the transmission under such an accelerating state, and controls the motor (34) based on the calculated support performance.


White House rebuttal fails to persuade many in the science communityWhite House rebuttal fails to persuade many in the science community


Regarding to large volumes of hyperspectral data that contain hundreds of spectral bands and due to their very high between-band correlation, feature reduction (either feature selection or extraction) is an essential part of classification process for this data type. Many feature reduction techniques have been developed by considering different specifications of hyperspectral data in spectral and spatial domains. In this paper, a feature reduction technique based on extracting new features is proposed. For each pixel of a hyperspectral image, a specific rational function approximation is developed to fit the spectral response curve of that pixel. Coefficients of the numerator and denominator of the rational function are considered as new extracted features. This new method relies on the fact that the sequence discipline - ordinance of reflectance coefficients in spectral response curve - contains some information which has not been addressed by other competing methods that are based on statistical analysis of data, such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) and their nonlinear versions. In addition, we show that naturally different curves can be approximated by rational functions with equal form, but different amounts of coefficients. Maximum likelihood classification results demonstrate that the Rational Function Curve Fitting Feature Extraction (RFCF-FE) method provides better classification accuracies compared to competing feature extraction algorithms. In addition, the proposed algorithm has the possibility to be applied to all pixels of image individually and simultaneously, unlike to PCA and other methods which need to transform whole data to new feature space.


Therapeutic apheresis is the treatment of diseases through removal or extracorporeal manipulation of blood components
or specic blood substances. In this we were observe the complications during the procedure with respect to patient's
demographic proles and procedural variations in one-year. In our study total 60 cases and total 150 TPE cycles were performed the mean age of
total patients was 31.95±11.66. Female dominance was observed [78(52%)] over males [72(48%)]. Overall, 56(71.79%) females were observed
without complications however 22(28.21%) were observed with complications. Maximum pulse rate was observed during the procedure
(97.05±8.30), maximum systolic blood pressure(SBP) was observed at pre-procedure (121.43±17.28), maximum diastolic blood pressure(DBP)
was also observed at pre-procedure (85.93±7.06), maximum reaspiratory rate(RR) was reported during the procedure (25.40±12.87) and
maximum oxygen saturation(SPO2) was reported before start the procedure (98.64±2.42). Maximum mean variation of pulse was observed
itching (38±20), followed by hypothermia (28.50±12.60). Maximum mean variation of SBP was observed for itching (15±5), followed by
tingling sensation over all body (10±00). Maximum mean variation of DBP was observed for nausea (5±5). Maximum mean variation of RR was
observed itching (8.50±4.50). Maximum mean variation of SPO2 was observed for tingling sensation over all the body (2±00). Complication
during the procedure primarily in females with a correlation with BMI. With respect to procedural variation, the most common complication was
itching followed by a tingling sensation over all the body in correlation with Pulse Rate, Systolic BP, Diastolic BP, Respiratory Rate, and SPO₂.
All the complications were mild and manageable.


Objective. Our objective was to study the prevalence of toxoplasmosis among various groups of population in the Omsk Region. Materials and methods. We analyzed statistical data and the results of our own serological tests carried out in 2000–2017. Antibodies to Toxoplasma were determined in 1,926 people (769 citizens and 1,157 villagers). The blood serum was used as the test material. For the detection of IgG and IgA antibodies to toxoplasma, we used locally produced ELISA test systems ("Vector-Best", Novosibirsk). Results. Antibodies to toxoplasmas were found in residents of all landscape areas of the Omsk Region. In the northern parts of the forest zone, 45.9 % of people had antibodies to toxoplasma; in the southern steppe zone, 64.6 % of people had those antibodies. Urban residents were infected in 17.7 % of cases. There were significant age-related differences in toxoplasma infection in the population of the Omsk Region. The maximum rates of invasion in older age groups were more than 50 % among urban residents and over 70 % in rural areas. Rates of seropositivity of rural children under 15 were 5 times higher than those in urban children. Serological markers of toxoplasmosis were detected in 52.8 % of rural women of childbearing age and in 33.9 % of urban women. Сonclusion. The research results indicated the unfavorable epidemic situation for toxoplasmosis in the Omsk Region. Taking into account the risk of infection for people with immunodeficiency and pregnant women and the possibility to reactivate the invasion even in an immunocompetent organism, it is necessary to study distinctive features of the toxoplasmosis epidemic process in different areas of the Omsk Region and to develop regulatory and procedural documents on prevention of Toxoplasma infection in the population.


For many years, economists and lawyers have argued about whether competition law should promote goals that do not have an economic dimension. Even in the US, different opinions are expressed about whether competition law should take into account non-economic goals. A straightforward interpretation of what competition law should promote limits the goals only to those related to efficiency gains. Identifying the goals of European competition law is not easy, perhaps because opinions vary with regard to the reasons why the European law was introduced. Waller argues that European law should be understood as a means to abolish borders between Member States and to create a common market.1 Goals such as this, which are not directly related purely to gains in efficiency, are included in Article 3 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU), which states that full employment, social progress, a high level of protection and improvement of the quality of the environment will be achieved by an internal market. The goals enunciated in Article 101 TFEU seem to be related only to pure economic values, especially the last paragraph, which introduces an exemption for the prohibition of restrictive agreements. Since this exemption literally refers to such agreements, which contribute to efficiency gains, the exemption promotes only economic goals. On the other hand, Article 101(1) TFEU prohibits those agreements that are incompatible with the internal market. Even though the Article lists examples of behaviour that is prohibited, that list is open. Such a situation means that interpretation of Article 101(1) is not an easy task. Since only economic issues are listed, the Article should not consider any other goals. However, if the main goal of Article 101(1) is to protect a single market, its interpretation is much more complex. The first aim of this article is to analyse the kind of non-economic goals that count in interpreting Article 101 TFEU. Determination such goals would


PURPOSE: A three-dimensional variable machining system is provided to process workpieces in three dimensions by varying a spindle in vertically, horizontally, and longitudinally through a circular rotational frame. CONSTITUTION: A three-dimensional variable machining system comprises a supporting frame(10), circular rotational frames(20, 30), sliding members(40, 50) and a spindle(60). The supporting frame is separately from the ground. The circular rotational frame is rotatably installed in the supporting frame. The sliding member is slidingly installed in the circumference of the rotational frame. The spindle is perpendicularly installed in the sliding member and is circled along the rotational frame.


This paper introduces an option pricing algorithm based on non-orthogonal series expansion methods. More precisely, Gabor frame decomposition is used to split the risk neutral option pricing formula into the sum of two inner products that can be evaluated efficiently by means of Parseval's theorem on complex Fourier series. The first inner product is hereby based on the stochastic process that is assumed to drive the underlying asset and the second one depends on the type of options contract to be priced. We consider European style plain vanilla call and put options as well as binary options.


The changes of international situation in Central Asia, its opening up after the collapse of the USSR, changed greatly foreign policy of the PRC towards this region. The independence of the newly independent Central Asian republics and China's relationship with them is important for China but of particular significance for Xinjiang. This importance is closely related to the «Uyghur Problem», including combating the «Three Evil Forces»: terrorism, separatism and extremism. The terrorist attack of September 11, 2001, on the United States was to have direct and immediate implications for Xinjiang. China condemned there were terrorist groups on the territory of Xinjiang, headed and financed by al-Qaeda and Osama bin Laden.


This research aim to: (1) to knowing organizational influence komitmen to internal auditor performance at office BAWASDA in Karisidenan Kedu. (2) knowing influence of locus of control to internal auditor performance at office BAWASDA in Karisidenan Kedu. (3) knowing influence of duty complexity make an audit of to internal auditor performance at office BAWASDA in Karisidenan Kedu. (3) knowing influence of duty complexity make an audit of to internal auditor performance [at] office BAWASDA in Karisidenan Kedu. (4) knowing organizational influence komitmen, locus of control, and duty complexity make an audit of to internal auditor performance at office BAWASDA in Karisidenan Kedu. this Research population is entire laboring responder as internal auditor ( Functional Functionary of Auditor) at office BAWASDA in Karisidenan Kedu, with the amount 110 internal auditor. Sampel used in this research 79 internal auditor or Functional Functionary of Auditor in 4 office BAWASDA. technique of sampel by convinance sample. Data collecting use the kuesioner. Test the validity use the technique of product moment, and test the reliabilitas use the Alpha Cronbach>0.60. this Hipotesisi Research use the doubled linear analysis regresi. doubled Linear result of organizational komitmen, locus of control, and duty complexity make an audit of by together have an effect on the signifikan to internal auditor performance by R Square of equal to 55,5%. Keywords: Organizational Komitmen, Locus Of Control, Duty Complexity Make an audit of the, internal Auditor Performance.


FUk almost a half century, American Cyanamid Company has l~ern serving the textile industry with its Calco dyes, textile resins, and textile specialties. 1ow it is embarking upon another facet of service to this industry with its Creslan acrylic nher. During World War II, Cyanamid became the country's―in fact,, the world's―largest-scale producer of a new basic raw material, acrylonitrile. This material was needed for oil-resisting synthetic rubber essential for military uses. Textile fibers produced from it showed merit, and soon each acryto market survey showed textile fil)cr uses as a good outlet for large quantities of acrylonitrile. :1 similar situation occurred after World War I.


Abstract. A phylogenetic tree was reconstructed based on the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene nucleotide sequences of 169 individuals of house shrews (Suncus murinus and S. montanus) from 44 localities in East Asia, Southeast Asia, West Asia, and islands in the western Indian Ocean. Shrews from China (Zhejiang), Japan (Okinawa), Vietnam, and Indonesia (Java) formed a monophyletic group with less genetic variation. Therefore, the shrews of these regions appeared to have originated from one or a few localities. Contrary to this, shrews from Sri Lanka, Myanmar, and Pakistan consisted of several haplogroups. This finding suggests immigration movements to these areas. Fascinating findings were also obtained concerning the islands in the western Indian Ocean. First, shrews on Zanzibar Island (Tanzania) had almost the same haplotype as those in southwestern Iran. Therefore, the house shrew in Zanzibar may have immigrated from Iran (or vice versa). Second, shrews from Madagascar and Grande Comore Island shared the same haplotype, whereas the shrews on Réunion Island were clearly different from those of Madagascar and Comoros. Thus, there appears to have been several immigration routes to the islands of the western Indian Ocean.


The zeta sedimentation ratio (ZSR) capillary tube, is subjected to four is a measurement similar to the detercycles of dispersion and compaction. mination of the erythrocyte sedimenAt the conclusion of this process, the tation rate (ESR) but possesses sevaral hematocrit of the blood in the red advantages. It is unaffected by anemia cell-containing portion of the capillary and responds in a linear manner to tube is measured. This hematocrit, a increase in fibrinogen and/or gamma measure of the closeness with which globulin. The normal range is identical red cells will approach each other for males and females. A blood sample, under a standardized stress, is the contained within a vertically oriented ZSR. I N i924, ALF WESTERGREN published a paper entitled "Die Senkungscreaktion"-The Sedimentation Reaction. The technique of performing an erythrocyte sedimentation rate determination (ESR) has remained unchanged ever since. In i970, the International Committee for Standardization in Hematology proposed adoption of the Westergren Technique as the standard method. In 197i, the American National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards followed suit. The ESR is, thus, the same test, requiring the same amount of time, and subject to the same uncertainties of interpretation in anemic patients as it was 47 yr ago. The ESR has not persisted unchanged because investigators have ignored it. On the average, more than one paper a year has been written on various improvements in sedimentation rate methodology since it was first described. These improvements have been concentrated in three main areas : (1) reducing the amount of blood and/or the time required to perform the test; (2) correclions for the effect of anemia; (3) making the test respond in a linear fashion to changes in assymetrical macromolecules, such as fibrinogen and gamma globulin. Attempts to reduce the time required for the ESR and to speed up the determination have, in general, followed the approach of shortening the tube and decreasing the bore.2 None of the microtechniques has met with wide acceptance because the tubes become more difficult to read as they get shorter, and as the bore goes below 2.5 mm the sedimentation process becomes unstable and blockage of the tube occurs.3 Another commonly used short cut is the elimination of the dilution step, even though a Westergren


In this review we will discuss the possible effects of polymorphic variation in the genes important for thyroid hormone synthesis, metabolism, and action, on the interindividual variation in thyroid functions tests. The genes involved are summarized in the following outline of thyroid hormone production and action, but their role is discussed in detail in other sections (Chaps. 1 and 4). In addition to these genes, we will also briefly discuss the possible contribution of genetic variation in the thyroid-specific transcription factors which are known to be important for thyroid development and regulation: TTF1, TTF2, and Pax8.


The examination of H2O2-initiated hydroxytelechelic polybutadienes polymerized by H2O2 initiation by 1H NMR and 13C NMR allows the identification of three main primary alcoholic groups: α-unsaturated, β-substituted/α-unsaturated and γ-unsaturated. From 1H NMR accumulated spectra, it has been possible to calculate the number average OH-functionalities of the polymers. These should be slightly under-estimated because of the possible presence of secondary and tertiary alcoholic groups whose concentrations, however, should be very small. The nature of these alcohol functions gives information concerning the likely initiation, transfer and termination mechanisms of the radical polymerization of butadiene by H2O2 in alcoholic media.


The classification of weather systems provides a simple description of atmospheric circulations and bridges the gap between large‐scale atmospheric conditions and local‐scale environmental variables. However, the existing classification methods are challenged due to a lack of labels and inaccurate similarity measures between data samples. In this letter, we propose a self‐supervised Spatiotemporal Contrastive Learning (SCL) framework for the classification of weather systems without manual labels. In particular, we operate both spatial and temporal augmentation on multivariate meteorological data to fully explore temporal context information and spatial stability in accordance with synoptic nature. For the assessment and comparison of the classification results, we apply a statistical method based on analog forecasting using the classification results as input. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed SCL model outperforms traditional classification methods.


Organizations have to plan on migrating to quantum-resilient cryptographic measures, also known as PQC. However, this is a difficult task, a d to the best of our knowledge, there is no generalized approach to manage such a complex migration for cryptography used in IT systems that explicitly integrates into organizations' steering mechanisms a d control systems. We present PMMP, a risk-based process for managing the migration of organizations from classic cryptography to PQC a d establishing crypto-agility. Having completed the initial design phase, as well as a theoretical evaluation, we now intend to promote PMMP. Practitioners are encouraged to join the effort in order to enable a comprehensive practical evaluation a d further development.


In this paper we show that we can extract a number of features from handwritten digits. These features are then used to identify or discriminate the writer. The features described are computational features which can be extracted by computer algorithms with a high degree of accuracy. These features cannot be computed by humans. All these features were appropriately binarized and binary feature vectors of constant lengths were formed. These vectors were then used for Hamming distance measure. The classification is done using Support Vector Machine (SVM). For this task a database of 50 writers was created. Each writer was asked to write Marathi numerals 0 to 9 five times. The results show that the combined features work well in discriminating the writers. Although this work is carried out for digits, it produces good results for isolated alphabets.


Abstract Within the Australian construction industry, rework has been identified as a significant factor that contributes to cost increases and project completion delays. It has been suggested that a major cause of rework relates to the quality of contract documentation that is produced by design consultants and that higher fees paid to consultants would result in improved contract documentation quality. Using a questionnaire survey, this paper determines the key contract documentation variables that influenced rework costs in 161 construction projects. Evidence from the findings presented form the basis of practical suggestions made for improving the management of the design process and the production of contract documentation in projects. However, no significant relationship between contract documentation and rework could be established from the findings presented.


To identify the sex determination of an unknown person from the skeleton remains the first and primary important step come across by the anatomical, forensic and archaeological experts. Many researchers have considered various parameters for sex determination using hip bone. The current study was carried out to identify the sex of hip bone using various dimensions of the greater sciatic notch. Adult hip bones of a known person were studied and evaluated. The hip bones were assessed using various parameters. The posterior segment, posterior angle and index II of a hip bone were found to be more helpful in sex determination.


&NA; A physician interest group was developed to meet the perceived needs of community physicians in the area of geriatric education. The educational programs developed were self‐directed, case‐based, and problem‐oriented. A multidisciplinary and community practice emphasis was used. Results from a formative evaluation suggest that the interest group may be a promising approach to develop leadership and to facilitate changes in clinical practice among physicians.


Although DNS queries use UDP for speed, the communication is 2-way I because a DNS response is expected. The DNS protocol only allows packets of 512 bytes, so to transfer any amount of data many queries must be sent in multiple queries to the same parent domain.


The structure of the title compound, bis(4H + -9-oxo-4,5-diazafluorenium) tetrabromocadmate(II)-water (1/2), consists of a distorted tetrahedral (CdBr 4 ) 2- anion and HL + cations, where L is the organic ligand dafone (4,5-diazafluoren-9-one). There is no direct bonding between the metal atom and the ligand. The protonation of one of the N atoms in the dafone ring system gives rise to an opening of the C-N-C angle when compared with the corresponding value in the neutral form. The dihedral angles between the mean planes of the pyridine rings in each dafone ligand are 2.8 and 3.1°. The water molecules present in the structure are involved in a series of hydrogen-bonding interactions and bridge the cadmium tetrabromide and the organic ligand through weak O...Br interactions.


Background. Game designers have long been developing strategies to foster engagement, pleasure and a variety of sensations in game experiences, increasingly applying their research to areas beyond games. This has led to a growing recognition of the use of game elements in non-game settings. In parallel, service designers have been seeking to improve user experience and engagement in services. Method. Drawing on relevant literature about game design, the authors develop a framework that gathers a variety of game design research endeavors to form a practical tool to support service development from a user experience perspective. Its application is exemplified and simulated in a methodological approach to Action Design Research on a selected service. Results. The service is then analyzed and compared 'before and after' the utilization of the framework, with no measurement of results. At last, a simplified method to gamify services, the GSF Application Model, is presented, Conclusions. This article presents and describes the development of the Gamification Service Framework, an IT artifact designed to solve a class of problems related to the service field: the gamification of services. The central aim is to provide a new tool for service designers to use game design concepts in their practices, by structuring services in an analogous way to games.


The paper discusses the seismic environments in which Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) tanks need not, may, and must be seismically isolated, as well as the associated costs and benefits when both alternatives are reasonable options. The problems that a gradually increasing seismic demand may cause in an LNG tank are reviewed first: they include greater demands in the inner tank, the possibility of corner uplift and elephant's foot buckling, gross sliding of the inner tank, thickness requirements beyond the weldable limit and global uplift of the inner tank. Some of these problems cause extra costs while others make the construction impossible. The acceleration levels at which these problems are expected to arise are quantified. Although the work also includes conventional and seismically isolated versions of two existing tank configurations (60,000 and 100,000 m capacity) it concentrates on a 160,000 m tank, which is more representative of current tendencies; for the latter, both a surface slab and a pile foundation are considered. The feasibility of conventional and seismically isolated designs is examined as a function of the design acceleration. Some assumptions are then introduced for the costs of the required features and materials, leading to cost estimates for dealing with the seismic threat for each seismic environment and tank design option. Over the range of accelerations that allow both isolated and non-isolated designs approximate cost comparisons are established. The study was carried out within the framework of the EC-funded INDEPTH project.


The influence of the electrode conductivity on the dielectric barrier discharge is investigated by using two water electrodes for the first time.The property variations of the dielectric barrier discharge as the changes of electrode conductivity(between 2.8~10 000 μS/cm) was studied.It is found that the breakdown voltage is changed with the electrode conductivity.The breakdown voltage falls sharply with the increased conductivity whose value is small,while nearly keeps constant when the conductivity is increased beyond the value of 10 μS/cm.Patterns generated at the breakdown moment are different as the electrode conductivity is changed.This is consistent with the pattern evolvement with the increased applied voltage and fixed conductivity.The total conductance of the electrocircuit has no linear relationship with electrode conductivity.


To the Editor.— The data presented by Alex S. D. Spiers, MD, and J. E. Turner, MD, in their letter (238:1812, 1977), which describes sex chromatin counts in buccal smears from women with breast carcinoma, are in agreement with a similar series reported recently from this institution. 1 No notable differences were found in the mean numbers of sex chromatin-positive buccal cells between three groups of women: "normal" women with no history of breast disease, those with biopsy-proved benign breast disease, and those with breast cancer. Of additional interest was the analysis of sex chromatin distribution and estrogen receptor protein (ERP) in breast carcinomas. Sex chromatin counts were obtained from imprints made directly from the same tumor samples submitted for ERP analysis at the time of biopsy. Substantially lower sex chromatin counts were found in ERP-negative primary tumors than in ERP-positive carcinomas. These results may explain the more favorable prognosis


This paper describes in detail the case of steroid-responsive meningitis-arteritis (SRMA) in a dog. The dog was presented at the Clinic for Internal Diseases due to high fever with anorexia that lasted for five days, reluctance to move, hunched stance and stiffness that responded only moderately to antibiotics and a combination of steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs administered by the referring veterinarian. The dog was fully clinically and neurologically examined and revealed fever and extreme neck pain. Complete laboratory workup and urinalysis were included. The dog underwent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sampling and analysis. The diagnosis of steroid-responsive meningitis-arteritis was established. Adequate therapy was instituted which resulted in clinical resolution of the disease.


Objective To study the curative effect of continuous vinovenous hemofiltration(CVVH) for treating multiple organ dysfunction syndrome(MODS).Methods 39 cases suffered from MODS were treated with CVVH,and according to the turn to return of treatment in 15 days were divided into two groups:the survival group and the death group.Patients of two groups were scored according to the acute physiology and chronic health evaluation(APACHE Ⅱ) and the grade point of MODS score;Two time for hospitalizing or condition aggravating to the CVVH starting curing were compared;Two durations of CVVH treatment were also compared.Used the t examines to proceed the covariance learns to handle.Results The survival group had 15 cases and the death group had 24 cases.The APACHE Ⅱ score of the death group(29.1±4.31) was higher than the survival group(24.4±3.54)(P=0.0019);The grade point of MODS score in the death group(13.4±2.35) was significantly higher than the survival group(9.47±2.32)(P0.001);The time of hospitalize or the condition aggravates to starting CVVH had no difference in the two groups(P=0.954);Duration of CVVH treatment of the death group(50.4±46.48) was significantly shorter than that of the survival group(106.3±65.15)(P=0.0042).Conclusions CVVH is one of the important means that save cures the MODS.The applied CVVH in earlier period,in appropriate amount and for enough time can increase the success rate of emergent treatment of MODS.


Synopsis: Due to low cost, clean working environments, linear power transfer facilities and good performance, pneumatic systems play a significant role in industrial processes. During the last twenty years, the parallel development of pneumatic systems and control theory has lead to the implementation of modern control laws in pneumatic devices [Edge 1997]. The aim of this paper is to present and to compare experimental results for an electropneumatic positioning system. A classical linear control law with scheduling gains, established with the tangent linearized model, is compared with a more sophisticated nonlinear control law based on input-output linearization [Isidori 1989]. The tests are realised with two different admissible trajectories. The first one is a trajectory with a constant stage, which is usually used in robotic, to control painting system for example. The second one is a trajectory with constant acceleration and deceleration stages, often used for positioning systems which carry delicate loads or dangerous liquids in containers (as in the chemical industry). This choice of the trajectories has also to be related to a problem of sizing. The experimental results are presented in terms of repeatability for each control law implemented on the same device: an in line electropneumatic servo-drive. The statistical comparisons between nonlinear and linear control laws are shown in terms of static error: mean value, standard deviation value, minimum and maximum values. The precision and the repeatability are deduced from these results. All these indicators are also processed during the dynamical stage. The customer for choosing an appropriate control law for its desired specifications may use all these results.


Introduction: Accidental kerosene poisoning in pediatric age group is still a common problem in India. It causes considerable morbidity and
occasional mortality. The objective of our study is to determine the pattern and severity of kerosene poisoning cases presenting to our emergency
department and to discuss the various risk factors heralding adverse outcome.
Methodology: Data were collected over a period of three years from 1..3.2017-29.2.2020.Atotal 75 children were studied. A detailed history was
taken using the proforma having special reference to age, sex, seasonal inuence and thorough clinical examination was carried out including
anthropometry, general and systemic details and data were compiled and subjected to statistical analysis with the help of spss software.
Results: Among 75 children with acute kerosene poisoning majority were I the toddler age group accounting to 93.33%. Males outnumbered the
females with male female ratio 1.52:1.Seasonal preponderance were noted in the month of March to June followed by second peaking in the month
of October and November. The casualties mostly took place in the own domestic premises. Potentially harmful habits of keeping kerosene in water
storing bottles within the reach of the children were practiced by most of the householders.The most common clinical presentations were
fever(93%), cough(90%) and vomiting (85%).Pneumonitis occurred in 31 patients and CNS involvement could be documented in three only. Mean
Hospital stay were of three days. All patients improved except two died. Severe Protein energy Malnutrition, presence of complications and
prolonged hospital staywere associated with adverse outcome. Extensive radiological ndngs in CXR 6 hours after the ingestion showed
signicant coorelation with prolonged hospital stay


The formulation of Maxwell's equations using exterior differentiation is compared to that involving covariant differentiation. These two formulations are known to be equivalent in a space with a Riemannian connection, and a necessary and sufficient condition is established here for this equivalence to be maintained in the case where the connection is of the most general type, namely a connection with, in general, torsion and non-metricity, in addition to curvature.


Various techniques and the latest developments used for acetic acid wastewater treatment reported in the domestic and foreign literatures were described,and the advantages and disadvantages were discussed and analyzed.The combination of two or more technologies was the development tendency of acetic acid wastewater treatment.


Decision making is an important task for entrepreneurs, and proper performance of purchasing has a direct effect on decreasing costs, increasing profitability, and survival of an entrepreneur. Also, entrepreneurs must follow formal rational decision processes as much as possible with fewer costs. To do so, they can use Design of Experiment techniques in combination with decision-aids. In this paper, the authors develop a fuzzy linear multiobjective model for supplier selection. With this model, the decision maker will be able to identify effective criteria with the Nested-Design technique and their relative importance on supplier selection with FAHP. In this regard, fuzzy linear multiobjective programming will be assigned a share of suppliers for supply and demands in the supply chain. The authors expect that using this combination of techniques will have an impressive effect on reducing supplier selection costs. DOI: 10.4018/jeei.2010040102 International Journal of E-Entrepreneurship and Innovation, 1(2), 14-29, April-June 2010 15 Copyright © 2010, IGI Global. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of IGI Global is prohibited. These findings show that despite, decision making is an important task and can affect the performance of firms directly; entrepreneurs do it quickly, using a few information. On one hand, innovation is the main characteristics, distinguishing entrepreneurs from small business owners (Carland et al., 1984). This means, more uncertainty due to innovative characteristic of entrepreneurs, resulting in more risks. On the other hand, risk is an attendant factor with entrepreneurship, like any other ownership (Schumpeter, 1934; Brockhaus, 1984). This risk can be a threat for entrepreneurs. Thus, as an entrepreneur, one must control risks by providing more information resulting in decreasing uncertainty. In such manner, entrepreneurs can improve comprehensiveness of decisions, making their firms' performance better. One of the most important barriers to do so is the cost of information. In fact, information gathering is a time consuming and costly process. Thus, an intermediate manner should be chosen. In such manner, equilibrium between amount of collected information cost and risk will be established. Such an equilibrium point is where the total cost in minimized. This point can be seen in Figure 1. Finding such optimum point is a heuristic process. To do so, one can use tools which need minimum cost in collecting information. Such tools, related to topic of this article (supplier selection) are Design of Experiments (DOE) techniques. McMullen and Shepherd define uncertainty as what 'separates entrepreneurial action from mere action' (McMullen & Shepherd, 2006; Alvarez & Barney, 2005; Sarasvathy, 2001). It is also noted that "entrepreneurship theorists have embraced the position that uncertainty is detrimental to entrepreneurial action because properties such as hesitancy, indecisiveness, and procrastination are thought to lead to missed opportunities" (McMullen & Shepherd, 2006; Casson, 1982). Moreover, many empirical studies represent strong relationship between uncertainty and important entrepreneurial outcomes (Gans et al., 2008; Wu & Knott, 2006). Summing up, uncertainty is a pervasive reality in different entrepreneurial decision making dimensions. Thus, supplier selection as an important task is not an exception. Suppliers have impressive effects on Cost, Quality, Delivery time and etc. Therefore, supplier selection is one of the most important activities in purchasing management. Ghodsypour et al. (2004) proposed the Supplier selection is a Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) subject with some conflicting criteria. So, one of the purchasing management's duties is comparing of suppliers in aspect of different criteria. DOE techniques are used in decision making process as a tool for detecting the effective criteria. The importance rate of the criteria varies in different purchasing situations. Therefore we need a method for considering the importance of criteria in supplier selection (Dulmin & Mininno, 2003). In practice, i.e., Supplier selection, some of input data aren't crisp. In these cases value of criteria, constraints, priorities of criteria and etc. are expressed with ambiguity, for example: Figure 1. Cost of lack of information versus cost of information 14 more pages are available in the full version of this document, which may be purchased using the "Add to Cart" button on the product's webpage: www.igi-global.com/article/decision-aid-supplier-selectionentrepreneurs/46053?camid=4v1 This title is available in InfoSci-Journals, InfoSci-Journal Disciplines Business, Administration, and Management. Recommend this product to your librarian: www.igi-global.com/e-resources/libraryrecommendation/?id=2


Cyclotron resonance measurements on a single crystal of GdSb have been performed in the temperature range from 50 to 1.7 K, and the cyclotron effective mass of the carriers has been determined. The...


India has the fifth largest installed wind power capacity in the world, mainly from onshore wind farms. As on today, there are no offshore wind power farms installed in the country. However, with the utilization of onshore and the proposed offshore wind farms, it is expected to reach 60,000 MW generation capacities by 2022. A large amount of data is necessary to assess the wind potential for these future wind farms. Offshore buoys and meteorological masts are both scarce and expensive. In the present study, we have utilized QuikSCAT (2000–2009), OSCAT (2010–2014), ASCAT (2012-2015) scatterometer and RISAT-1 SAR (2012–2014) data to evaluate the possible wind energy resources along the Indian coast. Orbit wise scatterometer wind products have been processed to generate long-term synoptic monthly means along the entire coast. The monthly average wind energy density (in W/m2) has been computed and extended up to 80 m height (standard wind turbine height) using power law. As scatterometer data are relatively coarser and unavailable near the coast, high resolution winds have been retrieved using RISAT-1 SAR data. However, due to inherent limitations of having lesser swath and data availability of SAR, presently the study has been conducted along Gujarat coast. Then, unit capacity of wind power was computed and potential sites are identified for the wind farms. The data is very useful in identifying potential sites of wind energy in the coastal and offshore regions. We are planning to extend this study for the entire Indian coast in the near future.


The effects of sodium canrenoate (CRN), 0.5 to 1600 µg/ml, on isolated rat atria and ventricular strips and on isolated perfused hearts were studied. CRN produced a rapid, dose-dependent and reversible negative inotropic effect on isolated atria and ventricular strips. On perfused hearts, the effect was similar, although at low concentrations, the initial depression was sometimes followed by a small positive inotropic effect which could be related to the decrease in coronary resistance produced by CRN. CRN produced a rapid, reversible and dose-dependent increase in the amplitude and duration of the action potential plateau and reduced the rate of rise of the response. Abnormal rhythms were often diminished or suppressed by CRN. During CRN perfusion the inotropic effect of ouabain and various effects of acetylcholine (such as inotropic and chronotropic effects and action potential shortening) were decreased or suppressed. The CRN-induced lengthening of the action potential persisted during anoxia, cyanide, iodoacetate or ouabain perfusion. The uptake of 42 K reversibly increased during CRN perfusion. In view of the electrophysiological results, CRN would appear to decrease potassium and sodium conductances of rat myocardium membranes, the latter effect being probably related to an increased inactivation of sodium conductance.


Mechanism of decreased transport of nitrogen mustard (HN2) in HN2‐resistant Yoshida sarcoma cells was investigated. HN2 uptake by Yoshida sarcoma cells proved to be temperature sensitive, saturable, affected by metabolic inhibitors, and also repressed competitively by choline chloride. In resistant cells, the uptake of choline was markedly depressed. Kinetics of choline transport in resistant cells was comparatively examined, and decreased Vmax and increased Km were observed in some resistant sublines. Accordingly, decrease in choline uptake may be due to decreased activity of choline transport‐carrier, both qualitatively and quantitatively. Decreased HN2 uptake by resistant cells seemed to be produced by the same mechanism.


The key to solving contradiction between personalization and low cost is to realize the modularity of PSS. In order to achieve maximum customer satisfaction andthe lowest lifecycle cost for PSS, module portfolio of services solution layer of Product-service System(PSS) should be planned reasonably. Firstly, a methodology of module portfolio planning for PSS service solution layeris proposed, the methodology consists of four phases (including five steps), which namely are service needs acquisition phase, finding principle solution and building modular rough structure phase, configuring principle solutionportfolio phase and evaluating modular solution phase. Detailed technical steps and implementation methods for each stage are presented. Secondly, a evaluation method for PSS module portfolio solution based on utility price ratio is proposed. Based on customer utility and lifecycle costs of PSS,the solution was carried out with the maximum ratio between customer satisfaction and the usage. Finally, a case study onPSS solution of a power transformer is carried out to validate the methodology proposed in the paper.


Introduction: Longevity has increased significantly in the past few decades due to demographic transition in India. So there is likely to be a huge burden of chronic non-communicable diseases in the near future. Hypertension is one of the most important treatable causes of morbidity in the elderly. It accounts for a large proportion of cardiovascular diseases in the elderly. Hence this study was done to know the socio-demographic profile and the prevalence of Hypertension among the elderly more than 60 years of age residing in urban field practice area of S.N. Medical College, Bagalkot.
Materials and Methods: A cross sectional community based study was done in urban field practice area of S. N. Medical College, Bagalkot, Karnataka.
 According to a previous study done in Karnataka, the prevalence of hypertension among the elderly was 30.7% and sample size was calculated to 627.
Blood pressure measurement was done using the auscultatory method with a standardized calibrated mercury column sphygmomanometer.Data analysis was done using SPSS software version 20.
Result: Out of 627 elderly studied, males were 48.32% and females were 51.67%. Majority (64.27%) of the elderly were in the age group of 60-69 years followed by 28.36% between 70-79 years and 7.6% more than 80 years and above. Overall prevalence of hypertension among elderly is 51.99%. [Males 48.15% and females 51.84%]. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in hypertensives 17.2% and 66.9% in males and 12.4% and 53.3% in females respectively. Consumption of tobacco and alcohol was found to be more among males who are hypertensives. (p
Conclusion: There is increased need of outreach services for adequate health care of the elderly in developing countries like India.

Keywords: Hypertension, Elderly, Urban area.


Structured Analysis and Object Oriented Analysis are widely adopted for system modelling. The article describes the examples of university training system modeling as examples of structured modeling and object-oriented modeling.


In this paper, we make wavelet analysis of the moving object trajectory to discover some motion patterns locally and globally. Particularly, the trajectory is represented with a sequence of spatial coordinates over time. Boundary extension is made previously for meeting the mathematical preconditions of wavelet transformations. The spatial point, composed of coordinates x and y, is regarded as a function of time. After a wavelet transformation of the moving object trajectory, the wavelet coefficients of modulus maxima are selected for identifying sudden speed-changing points. Further, we make a cubic spline interpolation of pseudo-modulus maxima wavelet coefficients for reducing the error of the reconstructed motion trajectory. Some experimental results have shown that motion maintenance and trajectory generalization are achieved through wavelet analysis of the moving object trajectory.