Acoustic survey methods are useful to estimate the distribution, abundance, and biomass of mesopelagic fish, a key component of open ocean ecosystems. However, mesopelagic fish pose several challenges for acoustic biomass estimation based on their small size, wide depth range, mixed aggregations, and length-dependent acoustic reflectance, which differentiate them from the larger epipelagic and neritic fish for which these methods were developed. Foremost, there is a strong effect of depth on swimbladder resonance, so acoustic surveys of mesopelagic fish must incorporate depth-stratification. Additionally, the 1-3 cm juveniles of many species are not only more abundant, but can also be stronger acoustic backscatterers than the larger adults that comprise most of the biomass. The dominant species in terms of biomass may thus be weak acoustic backscatters. Failure to properly incorporate depth, the full size distribution, and certain less-abundant species into mesopelagic acoustic analyses could lead to errors in estimated biomass of up to three orders of magnitude. Thus, thorough validation, or "ground-truthing ", of the species composition, depth structure, population size distribution, capture efficiency of the sampling device, and acoustic properties of the fish present is critical for credible acoustic estimates of mesopelagic fish biomass. This is not insurmountable, but requires more ancillary data than is usually collected.


The binding strength experiment on composite beam by old and newly laid concrete under static bearing is developed in order to insight the mechanical properties between the concrete interfaces,taking hoop reinforcement interval as the changeable index.The research reveals that interface sliding of the composite beam only occurs under static bearing,not under pressure.


Diesel engine has got a lot of advantages while compared to petrol engines like high power production with less fuel consumption, higher thermal efficiency etc. The diesel engine is best fitted for all the heavy vehicles and also it can be used for army, marine, navy applications. The experiment is conducted on a single cylinder, four stroke CI engine fuelled with different blends of Pongamia biodiesel and the outcomes are compared with the diesel. The effect of compression ratio on the performance and emission parameters of the engine is analysed. The SFC is found higher for biodiesel blends as compared to diesel. The BTE for biodiesel is found higher than the diesel. It is found that the HC emission decreases as the compression ratio increases and the NOx and CO emissions increase with the gains in the compression ratio. The theme of this work is to assess the effect of injection timing on biodiesel fueled diesel engine combustion and exhaust emissions.


A balanced chemical reaction equation reflects the fact that during a chemical reaction, bonds break and form, and atoms are rearranged, but the total numbers of atoms of each element are conserved and do not change. A balanced nuclear reaction equation indicates that there is a rearrangement during a nuclear reaction, but of subatomic particles rather than atoms. Nuclear reactions also follow conservation laws, and they are balanced in two ways:


The Propulsion Wind Tunnel (PWT) complex at the Arnold Engineering Development Center (AEDC) comprises a 16-ft Transonic Wind Tunnel (Tunnel 16T), a 16-ft Supersonic Wind Tunnel (Tunnel 16S), and a 4-ft Transonic Wind Tunnel (Tunnel 4T). In 1996, an extensive sustainment program for PWT was approved to address issues of aging infrastructure, customer costs, and technological competitiveness. In 1997, a lack of firm testing requirements and increasing budget pressures led to a decision to defer maintenance and place Tunnel 16S in a standby and then later in a mothball status. Expectations of significant workload for Tunnel 16S in the near future resulted in a decision to reactivate Tunnel 16S in July 2000. After a successful checkout at Mach 2.4, additional objectives of the reactivation program were deferred. In February 2003, the Tunnel 16S reactivation was resumed, with an increased scope. The paper addresses the scope, schedule, and progress for the Tunnel 16S reactivation.


A nitration mixture consisting of H2SO4 and HNO3 was used to nitrify propiophenone.Characterization of IR spectrum and 1HNMR spectrum indicated that the product was 3′-Nitropropiophenone.Experimental results showed that with the mixture acid as nitrifying agent,the side reaction of oxidation could be observably reduced and the isolation and purification of the product could be easily done among-10 and-5℃.When n(H2SO4)/n(propiophenone) was 5.0 to 5.5,n(H2SO4)/n(HNO3) was 1.2 to 1.3,reaction temperature was-10 to-5℃,and reaction time was about 30min,the yield of 3′-Nitropropiophenone could be up to 80%.


We demonstrated a new device structure with a central window on the quantum-dot laser stripe to generate the self-pulsation phenomenon. Furthermore, we apply the same device to study laser dynamics under femtosecond optical pulse excitation.


The invention relates to a dishwasher, particularly a household dishwasher, comprising a hydraulic system (2) and at least one top spray device (4), which is disposed above at least one washing product basket, particularly a cutlery drawer, and can be supplied with a washing solution by means of the hydraulic system (2), and further comprising a rotatable spray head (6), which is attached to the hydraulic system (2) by means of a cage (8). The invention is characterized in that the spray head (6) is supported rotatably in the cage (8). The invention further comprises a top spray device for installation in a dishwasher and a spray head and a cage for such a top spray device.


Introduction: Transplantation of autologous somatic tissue-derived stem cells into the heart has been shown to be therapeutically effective for heart failure in adult, though efficacy of this treat...


Cambodia Petroleum Exploration Co., Ltd. (CAMPEX) drilled its third exploratory well named "Poulo Wai-1" in August 1996 in the Block III of Offshore Cambodia. In order to select a drilling rig, CAMPEX studied the two contract systems: an Assignment/Reassignment Agreement system ("Assignment") and a Tender system. It was concluded that "Assignment" was more cost effective than a Tender on this particular well after a series of negotiation with Enterprise Oil Exploration Ltd. (Enterprise). CAMPEX decided to adopt "Assignment" and acquired a drill ship. The main points of the agreement were that CAMPEX was assigned the right and the duty of one option well from the original agreement made by Enterprise and that CAMPEX shared a mobilisation and a demobilisation cost of the rig, a rig modification cost and a time-writing cost with Enterprise. For the sake of the adoption of "Assignment", CAMPEX saved the total well cost significantly.


Two novel photochromic macrocycles 1 and 2 bearing dithienylethene units and urea building blocks have been synthesized, and their photochromic properties are described. Macrocycle 2 shows good photochromic properties, while the relatively smaller size of macrocycle 8b exhibits photochemically inactive properties due to the unfavourable ring conformational constraint. Moreover, the crystal structures of the urea-protected precursor macrocyles 3a, 3b, and 8b are presented.


MOTIVATION
Bio-entity Coreference Resolution focuses on identifying the coreferential links in biomedical texts, which is crucial to complete bio-events' attributes and interconnect events into bio-networks. Previously, as one of the most powerful tools, deep neural network-based general domain systems are applied to the biomedical domain with domain-specific information integration. However, such methods may raise much noise due to its insufficiency of combining context and complex domain-specific information.

RESULTS
In this paper, we explore how to leverage the external knowledge base in a fine-grained way to better resolve coreference by introducing a knowledge-enhanced Long Short Term Memory network (LSTM), which is more flexible to encode the knowledge information inside the LSTM. Moreover, we further propose a knowledge attention module to extract informative knowledge effectively based on contexts. The experimental results on the BioNLP and CRAFT datasets achieve state-of-the-art performance, with a gain of 7.5 F1 on BioNLP and 10.6 F1 on CRAFT. Additional experiments also demonstrate superior performance on the cross-sentence coreferences.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.


To date, limited information has been available regarding the complex interaction between carotid plaque and stents, considering that neither angiography nor intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) imaging has microscale resolution able to identify such detail. Optical coherence tomography (OCT), on the other hand, provides unprecedented microstructural information on atherosclerotic carotid plaques. There is great interest in the potential of OCT to predict and recognize further features defining the effect of the stent on carotid plaque, considering that plaque prolapse through the cell stent has been suggested as one of the major causes of postprocedural embolic complications after carotid artery stenting (CAS). In this issue of the JEVT, Liu et al present a series of 26 patients in whom OCT was used to evaluate carotid plaques before and after stent implantation. Defining lipid-rich plaque by lipid present in ≥2 quadrants of an OCT cross section, the authors demonstrated that this particular plaque feature is linked to an increased rate of embedded stent struts, plaque prolapse, and fibrous cap rupture. Coronary stent strut coverage and apposition have been linked to the risk of stent thrombosis, and recent randomized clinical trials have selected these variables detected by OCT as their primary endpoint, revealing new and unexpected data. Obviously, the limited number of patients in the series by Liu et al, together with the low rate of clinical events, made their statistical analysis clearly underpowered for studying any association of OCT findings with acute stent thrombosis and in-stent restenosis. Nevertheless, the elegant OCT investigation that they presented sheds more light on the problematic interface between carotid plaque and stents. Similar to a previous report, a high rate of plaque prolapse and fibrous cap rupture (>60%) was observed in this series of patients treated with an open-cell stent. These results clearly show how carotid stent designs are tremendously suboptimal with regard to plaque coverage and wall apposition as depicted by OCT. Furthermore, the presence of plaque prolapse following stent postdilation makes embolization of plaque debris during this phase of the procedure likely, as shown in studies using transcranial Doppler monitoring. This phenomenon is also called "cheese grater effect." The interest in using the OCT high-resolution capability to test the performance of any new endovascular device is extremely motivating, especially when new products are launched on the market. The so-called "mesh stents" are a new class of carotid stent that promises higher plaque containment compared with previous carotid stent designs, avoiding, or at least limiting, plaque prolapse through the cell struts. In particular, the question is whether this new technology is really able to reduce the unexpected high rate of plaque prolapse that has been observed on OCT images of both closedand open-cell stents. Up to now, there have been no published OCT imaging data for this new carotid stent design, but we are aware that initial experience from leading centers are quite promising 611885 JETXXX10.1177/1526602815611885Journal of Endovascular Therapyde Donato et al research-article2015


Section Headings. Part A: The Nature and Characteristics of Teachers. Theories and Models of Teaching. Instructional Programs and Strategies. Teaching Skills and Techniques. School and Classroom Factors. Students and the Teaching-Learning Process. Teaching for Specific Objectives. The Study of Teaching. Part B: Concepts and Issues in Teacher Education. Generic Initial Teacher Education. Continuing Teacher Education.


The world in the 21st century is facing a dual crisis of increasing waste and global climate change. Substituting fossil fuels with waste biomass‐derived cellulosic ethanol is a promising strategy to simultaneously meet part of our energy needs, mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and manage municipal solid waste (MSW). However, the global potential of MSW as an energy source is as yet unquantified. Here, we report increasing trends of MSW generation, and waste biomass‐derived cellulosic ethanol potentials in relation to socio‐economic development across 173 countries, and show that globally, up to 82.9 billion litres of waste paper‐derived cellulosic ethanol can be produced worldwide, replacing 5.36% of gasoline consumption, with accompanying GHG emissions savings of between 29.2% and 86.1%.


The Children of Eve: Population and Well-being in History, contrary to what one could imagine from the title, is not about population genetics and the transmission of mitochondrial DNA from our first ancestor. The reference to Eve, the genetic construct of the common ancestor of mankind, is simply out of the topic of the book. Rather, the ambition is world population history seen through the lens of economic interpretation and phrasing. This ''world history'' actually is heavily centered on England-Wales, Canada (one author teaches at the University of British Columbia), and the United States (the other author is a professor at Loyola University Chicago) after 1750, contrary to the claim in the introduction that the authors will explore the history of mankind since the Middle Ages. The few mentions of other countries or epochs are only anecdotic and superficial; ''Europe'' which is often invoked, must most often be understood as statistical hints from Sweden, Norway, and France, used to emphasize the English-Welsh and the North-American cases. The rest of the world is alluded to through a few hints here and there, despite the often-ignored, abundant existing literature. From the start, the authors had the conclusion already in mind before starting any investigation: they wished to ''emphasize the commonality of human experience: that different people, at different times, in varying circumstances, responded to similar economic forces in more or less the same way'' (xvi). Was it so? Instead of trying to build a theory from critical examination of the data, they already know the ''response to economic forces'' from theories with which they fuel their grand story of mankind in the past by piling up definitive statements and certainties. History is no longer a field of inquiry about human behavior and fate, as some of us naively believe; rather, economic theories give us the keys to definitively understand history without any doubt, qualification, or controversy. History then constitutes a reserve of examples to illustrate well-done theories. I was attracted by the table of contents, which is impressive, addressing the main popular themes of current research in demography. However, every theme is treated at high speed, by people who would have read too fast here and there and thought too little, nurtured with a biased or outdated bibliography. For example, the French population is presented from the data of Bourgeois-Pichat (1965), when the reconstruction of this author is known to rely mainly on interpolations (Bonneuil, 1997); the English population data are taken fromWrigley and Schofield (1981), when their reconstruction was proved to be erroneous (Lee, 1985, 1993; Bonneuil, 1992a). The use of the crude birth and death Mathematical Population Studies, 19:214–216, 2012 Copyright # Taylor & Francis Group, LLC ISSN: 0889-8480 print=1547-724X online DOI: 10.1080/08898480.2012.718942


The invention relates to a system for energy storage and generation of electricity. The plant comprises a device (1) for brines generating order is from salt water (SW) derived from a salt water source and the device (1) for brines generation supplied via the supply of energy a brine (SL) with a to produce salt concentration, which is higher than the salt concentration of the salt water (SW). In the context of the generation of the brine (SL) further fresh water drops (FW) with a salt concentration which is lower than the salt concentration of the salt water (SW). The plant further comprises a salt liquor reservoir (3) for collecting the brine (SL), which is generated with the means (1) for brines generation, and means (2) for electricity generation in order by means of the brine (SL) from the brines reservoir (3) and water with a salt concentration which is lower than the salt concentration of the brine (SL), via a reverse electrodialysis (RED) and / or to generate electric power, a pressure retarded osmosis.


With 18 strains of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaseoli the bean mutants R99 and NOD125 remained essentially non-nodulating, while the mutant R69 produced a variable number of small white ineffective nodules, and the wild-type parent-line OAC Rico formed a variable number of pink effective nodules. Both R69 and R99 grew less vigorously than OAC Rico, but possessed similar levels of nitrate reductase in both roots and leaves, and responded in a normal way to increased supply of combined nitrogen. Reciprocal grafts between the non-nodulating R99 and NOD125, the ineffective R69, the wild-type parent line OAC Rico, and the supernodulating R32BS, demonstrated that the non-nodulating and ineffective characters were controlled by the root, and confirmed that the supernodulation character was controlled by the shoot. Key words: Common bean, nitrate reductase, non-fixing mutants, Phaseolus vulgaris, Rhizobium strains, supernodulation


The UQ Flint Archive houses the field notes and elicitation recordings made by Elwyn Flint in the 1950's and 1960's during extensive linguistic survey work across Queensland, Australia.
The process of digitizing the contents of the UQ Flint Archive provides a number of interesting challenges in the context of EMELD. Firstly, all of the linguistic data is for languages which are either endangered or extinct, and as such forms a valuable ethnographic repository. Secondly, the physical format of the data is itself in danger of decline, and as such digitization is an important preservation task in the short to medium term. Thirdly, the adoption of open standards for the encoding and presentation of text and audio data for linguistic field data, whilst enabling preservation, represents a new field of research in itself where best practice has yet to be formalised. Fourthly, the provision of this linguistic data online as a new data source for future research introduces concerns of data portability and longevity.
This paper will outline the origins of the data model, the content creation components, presentation forms based on the data model, data capture tools and media conversion components. It will also address some of the larger questions regarding the digitization and annotation of linguistic field work based on experience gained through work with the Flint Archive contents.


This chapter examines a necessarily select list of Article 14 (the prohibition of discrimination) jurisprudence involving ethnic minorities, most notably the Roma minority in post-Communist countries before the European Court of Human Rights (the Court). The aim is to identify to what extent, if any, have the cases informed the transition processes. The chapter focuses on the Roma because the Roma form a 'special minority group' as they have a 'double minority status': 'They are an ethnic community and most of them belong to the socially disadvantaged groups of society'. While this double discrimination exists throughout Europe, there are particular difficulties during transition processes; this chapter examines the relevant case law of the European Court. It examines both the positive contribution of the Court but also highlights less promising features of the jurisprudence.


The question of market efficiency is one of the most important, intriguing and debated issues in finance. The efficient market hypothesis states that the current market price of an asset reflects all the available information concerning the asset, and, therefore, this information cannot be used to predict future prices and earn excess returns. However, in order for the price to incorporate new information, some actions must be performed by traders that receive the information. Therefore, some time must elapse until a new equilibrium state is reached. How long does this take? We study the issue of convergence to eefficiency at the Tel-Aviv Stock Exchange. We examine various parameters that can be predictive of the returns, including features of the limit order book. Furthermore, we take trading fees into account and conclude that some form of market efficiency holds even at the smallest time horizon.


It is shown for classical and quantum ensembles that there is a unique quantity which has the properties of a "volume". This quantity is a function of the ensemble entropy, and hence provides a geometric interpretation for the latter. It further provides a geometric picture for deriving and unifying a number of results in classical and quantum information theory, and for discussing entropic uncertainty relations.


The combination of infrared laser spectroscopy with a molecular jet expansion provides a powerful technique to investigate medium sized organic molecules and clusters. The coupling of quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) with two slit jet infrared spectrometers, namely an off-axis cavity enhanced absorption (CEA) spectrometer and a rapid scan spectrometer with an astigmatic multi-pass cell assembly, are described. Two types of QCLs, specifically a continuous wave (cw) liquid nitrogen cooled distributed-feedback QCL at 5.7 μm, and a cw room temperature mode-hop-free external cavity QCL centered at 6.1 μm, were employed as the light sources. A pair of 1 inch highly reflective cavity ring-down mirrors (R = 99.98% at 5.2 μm) separated by 55 cm or a pair of 1.5 inch astigmatic mirrors separated by 20 cm, served as the optical cavities. To automate and to synchronize the timing of the CEA or rapid scan experiments with a pulsed slit jet molecular expansion, two LabVIEW computer programs were developed. For the CEA experiments, one of the cavity mirrors was mounted on a piezoelectric actuator with 1 inch clear aperture to maximize the effective mirror size. The effects of mirror size and laser sweep rate were evaluated. A minimum detection sensitivity of 1.8×10-8 cm-1 was achieved. Jet-cooled molecules were generated using a homemade pulsed slit jet nozzle assembly. A jet-cooled infrared spectrum of methyl lactate was recorded to demonstrate the performance of the CEA spectrometer. Preliminary results obtained with the room temperature QCL coupled to the rapid scan spectrometer are also presented.


In this paper,the i-Tree Model was applied to analyze the composition of the street trees in Shinan District of Qingdao,and to quantify the economic value of the street trees' ecological benefits in storm water interception,CO2 absorption and sequestration,air quality improvement,and energy saving in 2012.On the main roads of the District,there were 12322 individuals of 43 street tree species,among which,the top 10 species such as Platanus spp.and Ginkgo biloba accounted for 84.4% of the total.Medium-sized(DBH: 15-30 cm) and small-sized(DBH15 cm) trees dominated the street trees,occupying 53.54% and 29.06%,respectively.Overall,the street trees were in good health condition,and the healthy trees occupied 97.4% of the total.The annual economic value of the street trees' ecological benefits was 23032 thousand yuan,and the weighted average benefit of an individual tree was 1869 yuan.This study could offer helpful and scientific references on the planning and planting of urban street trees and the management of urban landscape.


We have discovered a novel compound, J-2156 [(1′S, 2S)-4-amino-N-(1′-carbamoyl-2′-phenylethyl)-2-(4″-methyl-1″-naphthalenesulfonylamino)butanamide], that belongs to a new class of somatostatin receptor ligands. J-2156 binds with nanomolar affinity to the human somatostatin receptor subtype 4 and is over 400-fold subtype-selective against the other somatostatin receptors. When evaluated in a [35S]guanosine-5′-O-(3-thio) triphosphate binding assay, J-2156 elicited a response 2 to 3 times as large as that of somatostatin-28 and somatostatin-14. That somatostatin-14 is clearly not a maximally efficacious agonist could be verified by demonstrating that it displays the typical behavior of a partial agonist when tested against J-2156. Increasing concentrations of somatostatin-14 cause a concentration-dependent rightward shift of the dose-response curves for J-2156, without affecting its maximal response. This lack of reduction of the maximal response and the fact that the superior efficacy of J-2156 is detected in membranes argue against desensitization and internalization as possible explanations for the superior efficacy of J-2156. More likely is that somatostatin-14 and J-2156 stabilize distinct receptor conformations that differ in their ability to interact with G-proteins. In a cyclic AMP assay, J-2156, somatostatin-28, and somatostatin-14 all act as full agonists. However, this outcome is most likely due to the presence of a receptor reserve in the cyclic AMP assay since there is a large gain of apparent potency in the cyclic AMP assay and the gain is larger for J-2156 than for somatostatin. We conclude that the endogenous ligands somatostatin-14 and somatostatin-28 do not define maximal agonism on the human somatostatin receptor subtype 4 and that J-2156 represents a so-called superagonist.


Background. – Few studies have evaluated vaccination coverage in early childhood in South-Eastern France and spatial and social factors associated to it. Population and methods. – We carried out a study in children aged 3.5–4.5 years and attending 112 nursery schools randomly selected in South-Eastern France. Data were collected in 2002–2003 during a mandatory health assessment by physicians and nurses of the services of maternal and infant protection, who completed a new questionnaire developed to standardise these examinations in the whole region. correspondant. e e-mail : firstname.lastname@example.com (V. Guagliardo). e EVAL-MATER : Dr M. Bazeries, Dr F. Bevançon, Dr M. Bouvenot, Dr F. Brun, R. Camps, Dr J. Collomb, Dr G. Coruble, Dr E. Dufour, Dr M.-L. r M.-B. Esterni, Dr F. Evrard, Dr M.-O. Garnier, F. George, Dr M.-D. Leonardi, Dr M.-O. Livet, Pr J. Mancini, Dr S. Maurin, Dr M.-A. Passebois, Dr r S. Peyronnet, Dr A. Roudaut, Dr E. Suzineau, Dr E. Teulon. /$ see front matter © 2007 Elsevier Masson SAS. Tous droits réservés. 6/j.arcped.2006.12.006 V. Guagliardo et al. / Archives de pédiatrie 14 (2007) 338–344 339 Results. – Among the 2959 selected children, 2460 (83.1%) could be included in the study; out of them, 96.4% had been vaccinated against diphtheria and tetanus, 95.0% against poliomyelitis, 92.8% against pertussis, 89.3% against haemophilus influenzae type b and 96.5% against tuberculosis. Vaccination rates at the age of 18 months including the first booster were less important than vaccination rates for children aged 3.5–4.5 years. Only 24.3% of the children had been vaccinated against hepatitis B and 86.4% against measles-mumps-rubella. Vaccination rates at the age of 2, were significantly higher on the basis of the health certificates of the 24th month (CS24) than on the basis of our study. Vaccination rates were highest in urban areas and those with educational priority. Conclusion. – Vaccination rates at the age of 3.5–4.5 years are satisfying but rates for the first booster should be improved. Vaccination rates against hepatitis B were low when those against MMR do not reach the WHO recommended level of 95.0%. Our results suggest that the analysis of data from the CS24 overestimates the real vaccination coverage at this age in South-Eastern France. © 2007 Elsevier Masson SAS. Tous droits réservés. Mots clés : Vaccination


Dwarf males of Ostrea jibananandai sp. nov. from the lower Eocene rocks of the Cambay Basin, western India, are found attached inside the anterior end of the hinge of large females. Commonly, one male is found inside a female shell. Equivalent associations are known in the extant oyster Ostrea puelchana and the Neogene "Cubitostrea" alvarezii from Argentina. This association increases successful fertilization of eggs by reducing sperm loss in these spermcasting/brooding oysters. The sperms, released into water, are normally brought in with the inhalant water current before fertilization inside the body of the female in brooding oysters. This male-female association reduces the uncertainty involved in fertilization because sperms are released directly inside the female shell. The phenomenon is christened here as facultative monogamy. With this discovery, its evolution in oysters is pushed back more than 40 myr to over 54 Ma. Facultative monogamy evolved only in these three species over its long history in spite of its obvious advantages. Facultative monogamy reduces evolutionary flexibility by decreasing phenotypic variability. It is argued here that the phenomenon evolved by trading off morphological variability in favour of successful fertilization in response to environmental perturbations that tend to disrupt sperm transport in open water. Rapid global warming is hypothesized to potentially cause environmental perturbation, because two of the three cases of facultative monogamy in oysters, Eocene O. jibananandai sp. nov. and Recent O. puelchana, occurred at the early stages of hyperthermal events.


Height 12 cm, width 9,2 cm, maximum height of relief plane ca. 1 cm. The relief has suffered considerable damage through perforations and tears2. Furthermore, the bronze gives evidence of substantial trimming of its original contour, this by way of adaptation to a secondary use in antiquity, or by a recent antiquarian desirous of removing a frayed edge3. Traces of the original burnished surface are here and there present. The nipples of the Greek have been drilled for copper or silver inserts4.


The use of methylcellulose (0.4% to 0.8% by weight of cement) as an admixture in cement paste or concrete was found to increase the shear bond strength with steel reinforcing bar, steel fiber, or carbon fiber to values attained by using latex (20% by weight of cement) as an admixture, even though latex was used in a much larger quantity than methylcellulose. The bond strength increased with increasing methylcellulose amount. The contact electrical resistivity between cement and fiber or between concrete and reinforcing bar was increased by latex addition, but not changed by methylcellulose addition. The combined use of silica fume (15% by weight of cement) and methylcellulose (0.4% by weight of cement) as admixtures was found to give concrete that exhibited high bond strength to steel reinforcing bar, in addition to previously reported high tensile modulus, tensile ductility, flexural strength, and flexural toughness; the bond strength attained was higher than that attained by using either silica fume or methylcellulose as admixture. Latex in combination with silica fume did not work because of low workability. Methylcellulose in combination with silica fume was effective because of silica fume increasing the matrix modulus and methylcellulose promoting adhesion.


Purpose: To investigate whether there are interactions between insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) and insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS2) that are associated with increased insulin resistance during such episodes. Methods: Testing Haplotype EffectS in Association Studies (THESIAS) software was used to investigate allelic and haplotype interactions between the polymorphisms in 156 T2DM patients with severe or acute hyperglycemia. Results: Binary analysis showed there were significant differences in the haplotype frequencies for the IRS1 and IRS2 polymorphisms based on the insulin resistance status. Nevertheless, estimation of haplotype effects by equality analysis showed no significant interactions (likelihood ratio tests: all p > 0.05) in increased insulin resistance in T2DM patients with severe/acute hyperglycemia. Conclusion: There are no interactions between IRS1 rs1801278 (p.Gly972Arg) and IRS2 rs1805097 (p.Gly1057Asp) polymorphisms that would affect insulin resistance in T2DM patients with severe/acute hyperglycemia.


ABSTRACT Based on the concept of populism and its relation to media, this paper analyzes the construction of frameworks in editorials from the Brazilian and international press on the election of Jair Bolsonaro as President of Brazil. Our objective is to understand the degree to which these interpretative frameworks of the new Brazilian president express semantic categories of populist rhetoric. Using a methodology based on theories of media framing, we conducted a qualitative study of 22 editorials from the following Brazilian newspapers published during a two-week span in which the first and second rounds of the 2018 presidential election were held: O Globo, O Estado de S. Paulo and Folha S. Paulo; and the following international newspapers: El Pais, The Guardian, Público, Le Monde, Liberátion and The New York Times. The study tests two main hypotheses: (i) the newspapers adopted categories of populism to qualify and politically frame the candidacy of Jair Bolsonaro and (ii) the Brazilian media tried to "normalize" the Bolsonaro candidacy by taking on a less assertive position than that of the international press, which has always framed him as a populist leader.


Optical fiber sensors (OFS) play an important role in modern intellectualized sensing system. A novel optical fiber sensor based on single mode fiber laser is proposed in this paper. The basic elements of the novel fiber laser sensor (FLS) is based in the fact that the output power of fiber laser is influenced by the loss which caused by the absorption loss of analyte in evanescent field of the fiber. The action of the fiber laser sensor is theoretical investigated using two-level system rate equations. The function which contacted the output power of the fiber laser and the absorption loss of analyte is build upon the complex refraction index of the analyte and the loss of the resonant cavity of the fiber laser though evanescent field. The relative sensitivity of the fiber laser sensor is given finally.


An investigation has been conducted of an experimental approach to the strength design of tubular structures. The approach employed was the brittle material method. The tubular structure to be studied was one having uniform internal generation of heat. Dielectric heating was found to be satisfactory for inducing the heating. Hydrocal Plaster of Paris with Aquadag and Antimony Trioxide added appeared to be a satisfactory brittle material. AN EXPERIMENTAL METHOD OF STRENGTH DESIGN ANALYSIS USING BRITTLE MATERIAL This investigation is an approach to the strength design of tubular structures in which heat is being uniformly internally generated. There is coolant flow through and around the tubular structure. The approach is by application of the brittle material method. The investigation may be divided into three parts: 1. Finding a means for the uniform internal generation of heat. 2. Finding a suitable material. 3. The conduction of tests.


Abstract Photosynthetic cytochrome c reduction by isolated chloroplasts is mediated by substances with characteristics of a "Cytochrome c Reducing Substance" (CRS). A water soluble extract of ether treated, lyophilized chloroplasts (called Sʟ-eth), related to the primary acceptor complex of photo system I, has CRS-activity. It contains p-coumaroyl-meso-tartaric acid. By comparison with model substances, the CRS-activity in chloroplasts is attributed to the iron complex of this compound. A number of other iron complexes and numerous quinones with redox potentials from - 220 mV to + 300 mV are also shown to possess CRS-activity. The CRS preparation from the blue green alga Anabaena cylindrica, as first described by Fujita and Myers, contains Fe3+/EDTA, which has all the chemical and functional properties as reported for CRS


Longan wines are composed of dry longan, commercial sugar, and 1,000 mL of deionized water with 1-3% commercial rice mold or commercial yeast fermented for 4 weeks at room temperature (25-27℃). All longan wines have a slowly decreasing fermentation time after reaching maximum aerobic plate counts, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) counts, mold and yeast counts, or yeast counts until 28 days. Longan wines fermented with 1-3% commercial rice mold are better than 1-3% commercial yeast in terms of aerobic plate counts, LAB counts, mold and yeas counts, or yeast counts, respectively. All longan wines have a slowly increasing fermentation time after reaching minimum pH values at 28 days. The titratable acidity contents and ethanol contents of longan wines fermented by 1-3% commercial rice mold or commercial yeast increased with fermentation time from the beginning until 28 days. The total sugar contents of longan wines fermented by 1-3% commercial rice mold or commercial yeast decreased with fermentation time from the beginning until 28 days. In all, the sensory evaluations showed the most preferred longan wine was when it was fermented with 3% commercial rice mold at 25-27℃ for 4 weeks. The longan wines could possess further study in longan wine manufacture.


In this note, I derive simple formulas based on the adjacency matrix of a network to compute measures associated with Ronald S. Burt's structural holes (effective size, redundancy, local constraint, and constraint), together with the measure called improved structural holes introduced in 2017. This can help to see these measures within a unified computation framework because they can all be expressed in matricial form. These formulas can also be used to define naïve algorithms based on matrix operations for their computation. Such naïve algorithms can be used for small- and medium-sized networks, where exploiting the sparsity of the matrices and efficient triangle listing techniques are not necessary.


T he aim of this note is to bring to the attentionof awidemathematicalaudience the recent application of division algebras to wireless communication. The application occurs in the context of communication involving multiple transmit and receive antennas, a context known in engineering as MIMO—short for multiple input, multiple output. While the use of multiple receive antennas goes back to the time of Marconi, the basic theoretical framework for communication using multiple transmit antennas was only published about ten years ago. The progress in the field has been quite rapid, however, and MIMO communication is widely credited with being one of the key emerging areas in telecommunication. Our focus here will be on one aspect of this subject: the formatting of transmit information for optimum reliability. Recall that a division algebra is an (associative) algebra with a multiplicative identity in which every nonzero element is invertible. The center of a division algebra is the set of elements in the algebra that commute with every other element in the algebra; the center is itself just a commutative field, and the division algebra is naturally a vector space over its center. We consider only division


Objective: To explore through comparing the clinical outcomes between microscrew implants(MIA) and anchorage by combining microscrew implants and transpalatal arch(MIA-TPA) in adults with bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion.Methods: Twenty-two patients mean aged 21.68 with bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion were chosen.They were reinforced anchorage by either TPA(group 1) or MIA-TPA(group 2) respectively.Statistical methods were utilized to analyze the difference of morphological changes of facial profile and hard tissues in both groups.Results: Compared with gorup1,there is significant difference of LS-EP,U6-VP,U6-HP,LS-VP,U1-VP,U6-U6 for group2.The difference resulted from changing other parameters is not statistical.Conclusion: Using both microscrew implants and transpalatal arch,three-dimensional control of the direction of the upper molar is more effective and stable,and has greater retraction of the maxillary incisor and upper lip.


This article examines the ways in which embodiments of femme within administrative academic settings intervene in dominant discourses that (incorrectly) frame us as being "in service" of male-identified colleagues, supervisors, and institutionalized heteropatriarchies. We posit femme as an important and complex counternarrative to the heterocentric, cissexist, and masculinist discourses that are ubiquitous within academic administration in both historical and present-day contexts. Additionally, we consider femme as a site of resistance to feminized discourses of nurturance and of (re)productivity. In this collaborative project, we study the labor involved in administering an English Department and a Writing Program at a four-year public college, interrogating, through autoethnographic reflections and analyses, the ways in which this service labor often falls to/gets thrust upon those of us who identify as femme faculty members. Our article illustrates how we resist the imposition of care work and assert our own agency while conducting administrative work on our own, femme, terms. We offer a list of usable interventions to common, predictable, yet sometimes disorienting situations, and although we do not advance these responses as easy conclusions to problematic interactions, we consider how this list might aid femme administrators in managing quotidian, misguided, at times hostile scenarios. Our work calls allies and comrades to identify systemic asymmetries and generate collaborative solutions within a paradigm of affirmation: One that places a commitment to "femme witnessing" at its center.


This study, Temporal Analysis of Park Cool Island effect created by urban parks within Bengaluru,
has been carried out using GIS, Remote sensing, and Field-based observations. The urban areas
have witnessed the unsustainable development of urban greens and parks due to unplanned and
haphazard development. Cities are constantly turned into concrete jungles. As city puffs for
breath, urban greens like park areas provide vast ecological, recreational, economic, and social
advantages. There is a need to plan for urban parks as critical units serving these needs. This
study will provide inputs to urban planners to plan for sustainable urban green reconstruction.To
understand the ecological services of the urban parks, the park cool islands created by Cubbon
Park, Lalbagh, and JP Park have been evaluated for a time-series data from 2001 to 2019 using
Landsat – 8 and Cartosat 2.5m data. The parks have shown the formation of PCIs throughout
the study years with significant variation in extents of cooling. The cooling effect is observed to
be decreasing with increasing distance from the park boundaries. On average, the parks are 1C
to 3C cooler than its surroundings.


Background: An adverse drug reaction (ADR) is any response to a drug which is noxious and unintended occurs at doses normally used in man for prophylaxis, diagnosis or therapy of disease or the modification of physiological function, anti-tubercular drugs can cause ADR and involving almost all systems in the body including the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, liver, skin, nervous system, and eyes.
Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted on tuberculosis (TB) patient. The suspected drug identified for ADRs and the type, nature, severity of reaction were recorded. A total of 239 patients were enrolled in the study. The patient was monitored the suspected ADRs were recorded and assessed for causality and severity.
Results: Out of 239 patients, 60 (25.11%) developed one and more than one ADR. A maximum number of tubercular patients were in age group of 21-40 years (44.4%). The majority of patients were males (69%). Incidence of ADRs based on affected organ was GI system disorders (30.33%), skin and appendages disorders (23.62%), central and peripheral nervous system disorders (15.28%), musculo-skeletal system disorders and liver and biliary disorder (9.72% each), hearing disorder (5.55%), and visual disorder accounts of (2.78%).
Conclusion: TB still becomes worldwide health problem not only on developing country but also in the developed country even the number of TB patients most large in
 the developing country. The importance of developing strategies to ameliorate ADRs both to improve the quality of patient care and to control TB safely.


Pair and will be connector halves (30A, 30B, 40A, 40B) interconnect system consisting of two coaxial cables that are connected to each other (20, 20 ') is disclosed by. The first half of the half connector can be a pair (30A, 30B, 40A, 40B) is a male connector half which forms a first insulating housing (40), the insulating housing, two coaxial cable (20, 20 ') on one of the center conductor (100) less are electrically connected in the are arranged one conductive pin (50). Conductive pin (50) is partially retained by the first conductor beads in the first connector shield (55) (60). First connector shield (55), the same cable of the cable outer shield of the two coaxial cables (20) and (110) are electrically connected. The second half of the half connector can be a pair (30A, 30B, 40A, 40B) is a female connector halves forming a second insulating housing (80), the insulating housing, two coaxial other cable (20 ') the center conductor (100') to and are electrically connected, is partially retained by the second conductor bead of a second connector shield (75) in (90), at least They are arranged one conductive receptacle (70). The second connector shield (75) 'other cable outer shield of the (110 two coaxial cables (20)') and are electrically connected. Conductive receptacle (70) is dimensioned to receive a conductive pin (50), a second insulating housing having a second conductor bead (90) (80) has a first conductor bead (60) It is sized to receive a first insulating housing (40).


Scope of the present work is to provide a possible interpretation from geological and geomorphological point of view of the deformations patterns which exists upon the archaeological structures and buildings, underlying the link between natural geomorphologic process and anthropogenic ones (e.g. local subsidence, underground caves, structural deficit or deformation patterns due past seismic activities). The main input to such interpretation came from the census activities realized during the last three field of survey (2003-2004 and 2005), of the entire structural conditions of the citadel. The study has been performed by the development of a specific and detailed vulnerability and damage data sheet for archaeological exposed elements. All the data has been analyzed trough processing techniques (vectorial intersection and spatial analysis). Damage and vulnerability analysis has been correlated by exposed element positions versus potential landslides map. The main purpose of this work is to provide basic data and geological and geomorphologic evidence to support the above theory. A damage/vulnerability map has been carried out through the synoptical reading of a multi layer project implemented on a GIS platform; providing various building typologies (exposure), their tensional and deformation paths (vulnerability) and the morphological view of the area.


The assumption that people possess a repertoire of strategies to solve the inference problems they face has been made repeatedly. The experimental findings of two previous studies on strategy selection are reexamined from a learning perspective, which argues that people learn to select strategies for making probabilistic inferences. This learning process is modeled with the strategy selection learning (SSL) theory, which assumes that people develop subjective expectancies for the strategies they have. They select strategies proportional to their expectancies, which are updated on the basis of experience. For the study by Newell, Weston, and Shanks (2003) it can be shown that people did not anticipate the success of a strategy from the beginning of the experiment. Instead, the behavior observed at the end of the experiment was the result of a learning process that can be described by the SSL theory. For the second study, by Bröder and Schiffer (2006), the SSL theory is able to provide an explanation for why participants only slowly adapted to new environments in a dynamic inference situation. The reanalysis of the previous studies illustrates the importance of learning for probabilistic inferences.


Objective: In this study, our aim was to compare the diagnostic methods with each other and show the presence of Cryptosporidium oocysts by using molecular, serological and microscopic methods in stool samples which were collected from immunosuppressive and immunocompetent patients with diarrhea Methods: Total 172 stool samples were collected from 80 immunosuppressive patients and 92 immunocompetent patients (between 0-94 years) with diarrhea. These stool samples were obtained from the different clinics of Ataturk University, Yakutiye Research Hospital between January 2014 and July 2014. Patient group composed of 49 persons between 0-14 years and 123 persons between 15-94 years. On the other hand, 141 patients were using tap water while 41 of them were using well water. Modified acid-fast staining, ELISA and DFA techniques were applied to detect the Cryptosporidium parasite positivity. Nested PCR method was performed to the samples which were detected positive with one of the above methods. Results: The positivity was detected in 5.8%, 4.1% and 3.5% by ELISA, DFA technique and Modified acid-fast staining method, respectively.  Cryptosporidium DNA was detected in only 1.2% by PCR method. The rates of positivity were 6.3% and 5.4% in immunosuppressive and immunocompetent patients, respectively. The positivity was detected in 10.2% and 4.1% in 0-14 age group and 15-94 age group patients, respectively. On the other hand, 4.3% and 12.9% positivity rates were detected in tap water and well water users respectively. Conclusion: Our study pointed out that the investigation of Cryptosporidium oocysts as diarrhea agents in especially immunosuppressive patients, individuals in childhood and well water users may be useful. Because cryptosporidiosis is a common disease in children and immunosuppressive individuals. Additionally, we think that ELISA method can be preferred to other methods in terms of high sensitivity and ease of application.


The study investigated the strategies for promoting creativity among technical college students in Ebonyi State comprising of Abakaliki, Onueke and Afikpo education zones. The study used two research questions to direct the investigation. Survey design was adopted to carry out the study and the instrument was a questionnaire consisting of twenty seven items. The respondents were made up of sixty seven technical teachers drawn from the four technical colleges in the state. The research identified many problems that impede creativity and also found out some important strategies that could foster creativity among technical college students. It was recommended that technical teachers should effectively utilize available tools and machines in lesson delivery in order to foster creativity among students. Divergent and critical thinking among students should be encouraged to enable them develop skills in being creative. Also the government should provide enough fund while co-operating with private investors to provide enough teaching and learning materials for technical colleges to foster creativity. Keywords: Promoting, creativity, technical, college, students, Ebonyi State


Intermodal executives agree that intermodal's limitless potential may never be realized without cooperative efforts from all concerned: carriers, shippers, and third parties. The case of Sun Carriers is described as an example of a customer's disaffection with intermodalism. It is noted that piggyback transit times are not as competitive with over-the-road sleeper team trucks. Infrequent schedules, limited availability of dedicated trains, lifting and grounding delays, inadequate equipment for high-cube freight, and problems in getting rate and services information from the railroads are also cited. A revised Uniform Intermodal Interchange Agreement will be published shortly. It is noted that marketing tools such as videotape presentations, direct mail advertising, and telemarketing will play a larger role in promoting intermodalism. It is pointed out that intermodal will face its fiercest competition from the irregular-route trucker.


Abstract : The rheological and mechanical properties of composites containing mixtures of fibrous and particulate reinforcements were measured at 15 vol % total reinforcement. Suspensions of glass beads and fibers in nearly Newtonian silicone oils are highly pseudoplastic in the shear rate range 2.6 to 520/sec. They exhibit no capillary exit die swell, but show large rod climbing (Weissenberg) effects. The moduli and tensile strength of random, two- dimensional, glass bead/glass fiber/polycarbonate composites are approximately linear in the fraction of filler which is fibers. Tensile elongation at break falls off rapidly with substitution of a small amount of fibers. A number of theories for the modulus of mixed reinforced systems are examined. An index of processability/mechanical properties trade-off is developed in order to determine the degree to which substitution of bead filler for fibers in fiber reinforced plastics might enhance processability without undue sacrifice of properties.


An analytical full wave theory of whistler wave leakage from the density ducts and solitons, aligned parallel to the ambient magnetic field, is developed. Radiation from plasma ducts and solitons are considered from a unified standpoint. Explicit asymptotic expressions for the detrapped radiation field and the amplitude attenuation, caused by the leakage, are obtained. The results are extended to more general gyrotropic media.


Abstract. One of the main issues with accuracy is the bias between the overlay (OVL) target and actual device OVL. In this study, we introduce the concept of device-correlated metrology (DCM), which is a systematic approach to quantify and overcome the bias between target-based OVL results and device OVL values. In order to systematically quantify the bias components between target and device, we introduce a new hybrid target integrating an optical OVL target with a device mimicking critical dimension scanning electron microscope (CD-SEM) target. The hybrid OVL target is designed to accurately represent the process influence on the actual device. In the general case, the CD-SEM can measure the bias between the target and device on the same layer after etch inspection (AEI) for all layers, the OVL between layers at AEI for most cases and after develop inspection for limited cases such as double-patterning layers. The results have shown that for the innovative process compatible hybrid targets the bias between the target and device is small, within the order of CD-SEM noise. Direct OVL measurements by CD-SEM show excellent correlation between CD-SEM and optical OVL measurements at certain conditions. This correlation helps verify the accuracy of the optical measurement results and is applicable for the imaging base OVL method using several target types advance imaging metrology, advance imaging metrology in die OVL, and the scatterometrybase OVL method. Future plans include broadening the hybrid target design to better mimic each layer process conditions such as pattern density. Additionally, for memory devices we are developing hybrid targets which enable other methods of accuracy verification.


Abstract: Osteoporosis is a major public health problem for adults above 55 years of age, which leads to an increase in bone fragility. Last decade has witnessed remarkable advances in molecular biology and genetics that led to detailed understanding of the bone remodeling cycle and new therapeutic targets for its treatment have emerged. Thus, besides classical approach (vitamin D and calcium administration, bisphosphonates, oestrogen, raloxifene), new therapeutic agents such as parathyroid hormone (PTH) compounds, anti-RANKL antibodies and strontium ranelate are or will be increasingly used in the treatment of osteoporosis. In this review, we have presented the importance and therapeutic potential of strontium ranelate as a dual agent in the current treatment of osteoporosis. Keywords: Biological markers, Bone cells activity, Bone remodeling, Strontium Ranelate. INTRODUCTION Bone is one of the most rigid tissues of the body that can withstand mechanical stress, giving the bone its role in supporting the body and organ protection in healthy conditions. Beside its mechanical role, bone also has hematopoietic function and plays a key role in mineral metabolism throughout constant renewal [1]. Bone is generally divided into two anatomical structures 1) Cortical or compact bone (80% of the total bone mass). It is the strongest and dense portion of the bone, mostly found at the periphery of the diaphysis of long bones (such as femur, humerus). This structure represents an important calcium reserve as well as offers high resistance to mechanical load. 2) Trabecular bone, which account for 20% of the bone mass. It is more fragile than the cortical bone and consists of a network of fine interconnected spans, between which lie the bone marrow cells. It is mainly found in the epiphyses and metaphyses of long and flat bones. Cortical bone plays a major role in maintaining phosphorus and calcium homeostasis by its large surface of exchange with the interstitial fluid. Osteoporosis and consequent fractures manifested clinically in sites (spine, hip and forearm) where there is a relatively large proportion of trabecular bone due to its fast renewal compared to cortical bone [2]. Osteoporosis affects more than 75 million people worldwide [3]. The most commonly used osteoporotic drugs are antiresorptives including bisphosphonates such as alendronate, risedronate and ibandronate, selective estrogen receptor modulators (raloxifene), calcitonine and parathyroid hormone (PTH) [4]. Strontium ranelate, which is the focus of this review, is composed of an organic moiety and two atoms of stable strontium (Sr


Several summer pruning treatments were applied in August to 'Stayman'/Malling Merton (MM) 111 apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) trees measuring 4m high and 5m wide to examine the resulting changes in light climate. Diffuse photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) increased immediately by about 1/5 on the periphery and 1/10 within the canopy from 2 types of summer pruning. These changes in PAR had no effect on net photosynthetic (Pn) potential, dark respiration (Rd), or specific leaf weight (SLW) determined 21 and 54 days after pruning. One method of summer pruning reduced penetration of PAR into inner canopy positions the year following treatment.


The current canonical regulation with respect to the incidence of error in the validity of marriage consent (cc. 1097 & 1098) continues to present serious problems of interpretation arising, in great part, from the origin of the above mentioned canons. These are the fruit of the doctrinal and jurisprudential development of the ancient «error redundans». Today with the gradual deeper understanding of the nature of error this positive regulation has disappeared. This article analyses in detail the different types of error in the current code specifically its content and the legal, doctrinal, juridical, and jurisprudential requisites in order to declare nullity of marriage. It gives special attention to the problem of limiting concept of «person» in c. 1097, 1 as well as the nature of deceitful error. The author expounds the foundation for the incidence of the various types of error of a quality in considering validity. She proposes a deeper understanding beyond the specific existing positive regulation. She answers the question of the incidence of deceit, not deceitful error, in the process of forming consent. She considers the possible repercussions on the validity of consent of the act when the quality of a contractant is directly and principally intended and absolutely determines will. The effective existence of an error with respect to this quality is effectively independent.


Hydraulic tomography (HT) has been shown to be a robust approach for the high‐resolution characterization of subsurface heterogeneity. However, HT can yield smooth estimates of hydraulic parameters when pumping tests and drawdown measurements are sparse, thus limiting the utility of characterization results in predicting groundwater flow and solute transport. To overcome this issue, this study integrates cross‐hole flowmeter measurements with HT analysis of steady‐state pumping/injection test data for the three‐dimensional (3‐D) characterization of hydraulic conductivity (K) at a highly heterogeneous glaciofluvial deposit site, which has not been previously attempted. Geostatistical inverse analyses of cross‐hole flowmeter data are conducted to yield preliminary estimates of K distribution, which are then utilized as initial K fields for steady‐state HT analysis of head data. Four cases combining three data types (geological information, cross‐hole flowmeter measurements, and steady‐state head data) for inverse modeling are performed. Model calibration and validation results from all cases are compared qualitatively and quantitatively to evaluate their performances. Results from this study show that (a) geostatistical inverse analysis of cross‐hole flowmeter data is capable in revealing vertical distributions of K at well locations and major high/low K zones between wells, (b) cross‐hole flowmeter data carry non‐redundant information of K heterogeneity compared to geological information and steady‐state head data, and (c) integration of flowmeter data improves characterization results in terms of revealing K heterogeneity details and predicting independent hydraulic test data. Therefore, this study demonstrates the usefulness of cross‐hole flowmeter data in augmenting HT surveys for improved K characterization in 3‐D.


vice out of the jurisdiction are but examples. The former offers both a rationale and a critique of the recent, headlong rush to stretch the scope of Moreva relief. The latter effectively rescued the doctrine of forum non conveniens from being a neglected component in Order 11 proceedings and. recognising its potential, paved the way for its growth as the engine of jurisdictions! discretion. In similar fashion, the piece on negative declarations, a topic previously untreated in the literature, illuminates a doctrinally obscure but tactically important device and warns of its potentially subversive influence within the 1968 Brussels Convention—prophetically, in the light of the European Court's more recent decision in The Maciej Ratttj. The true heart of the work, however, occupying over a third of its pages, lies in the author's 1992 Hague Lectures on Provisional and Protective Measures in International Litigation. A masterly interweaving of public and private international law, of English and comparative law, of theory and practice, they represent an important, original attempt to treat interim relief as an integrated, independent topic. True, the pace of change in this area gives some of the pieces a slightly dated feel, as their additional, introductory notes themselves confirm. But the underlying issues of principle and policy remain as fresh and troubling as ever. In a subject where a sure feel for such issues is as essential as it is so often lacking, this confirms, together with the quality of the essays, why this collection is essential reading for judge, practitioner and scholar alike.


A recent article by Groseclose and Milyo (2005) has provided a novel measure of a media outlet's ideology. Nonetheless, this measure has garnered a large amount of criticism. We show that the measure is not sensitive to alternative speciflcations of the ideology of members of Congress. We then investigate whether the estimated ideological positions of the media outlets are stable over time, and flnd that they are not. The estimated positions are sensitive to the time period of observation. Moreover, we flnd that there has been a conservative shift in ideology across all major media outlets studied.


The Sentinel rock avalanche in Zion National Park is one of the largest catastrophic landslide events recognized in the North American desert southwest. Originating from the western wall of Zion Canyon near its confluence with Pine Creek, the initial collapse removed a nearly 900 m high wall of predominantly Navajo sandstone. Energetic deposition is revealed by the relatively flat and hummocky topography of the debris field, which blocked flow of the Virgin River out of Zion Canyon. We combine new mapping of rock avalanche deposits with reconstruction of past topography to constrain the landslide extent, thickness, volume, and subsequent erosion. We estimate the original debris field covered an area of 3 million m2, was ~3.3 km long where it blocked the Virgin River, and had a volume of 284 million m3. The mean estimated thickness is 93 m, with a maximum deposit thickness of 200 m. Since deposition, erosion by the Virgin River has removed approximately 45%, or 131 million m3 of the Sentinel rock avalanche debris. Cosmogenic nuclide surface exposure dating o f 12 boulders from across the surface o f the rock avalanche deposit reveals a mean age of 4.8 ± 0.4 ka. Results further show that boulders from across the slide were deposited simultaneously, indicating a single-event, massive and catastrophic failure scenario. Numerical simulation of rock avalanche runout was performed using the 'equivalentfluid' code DAN3D, and the results show excellent match to our mapped deposit extents and estimated thickness. The simulated rock avalanche crossed Zion Canyon in only ~20 s, with maximum velocities exceeding 90 m/s, ran up the opposing wall, and spread laterally up and down canyon. The Virgin River was dammed by landslide debris, which formed the extensive Sentinel Lake, eventually trapping a vast quantity of lacustrine and alluvial sediment. The cumulative effects reveal the long-lasting and diverse impacts of large rock avalanches in desert canyons of the Colorado Plateau: in addition to representing an extreme magnitude hazard, large landslides events also have wide-ranging ecological and geomorphic effects, here helping create the flat valley floor of Zion Canyon.


The liver protein synthesis rate and protein content were studied in male Wistar rats fed low-, medium-, and high-protein diets at 2 calorie levels for 1 (12 animals per dietary group) or 2 (36 animals per dietary group) years. Ad libitum-fed (A) groups were offered semi synthetic diets containing 12, 20, or 28% casein. Restricted-fed (R) rats fed diets containing 18, 30, or 42% casein were provided two-thirds of the mean quantity of diet consumed by A groups and thus consumed the same amount of protein but one-third fewer calories than their ad libitum-fed controls. The fractional rate of liver protein synthesis was determined by the method of continuous dietary infusion of [ c]tyrosine. The rate of rise in the specific activity of free tyrosine (rate constant) was approximated for each rat using the rate of rise of c radioactivity in the expired CO2. The rate constant and the specific radioactivity of the free and protein-bound liver tyrosine were utilized to calculate the fractional rate of protein synthesis. Restricted-fed rats had growth curves similar in shape but at a lower level than those for ad libitum-fed rats. Mean daily feed intake of A groups showed little variation after 2 months of age (R groups were fed two-thirds of the amount consumed by their ad libitum-fed controls). Percent survival was i-ncreased (p < 0. 003) by caloric restriction. Although caloric restriction resulted in a greater effect on lifespan, an effect of dietary protein intake was also demonstrated. Low dietary


The mine products safety approval and certificate management is the basic system of the safety production in China and the prepositioned way of the safety production control process.The mine products safety approval and certificate management has played a very important role in the mine safety production.Based on the introductions of China 's mine products safety certificate management system,and other products certification management systems(including the CCC certificate management system,special equipment safety supervision and management system) in China,the systematic comparison between the mine products safety certificate management system and other products certificate management systems mentioned above was conducted.The paper analyzed the access of its scientific development to the mine products safety certificate management system and provided the certain constructive suggestions.


Ensuring a secure supply of electricity without harming climate is a key challenge for future power system and many renewables-based cutting-edge technologies are introduced to overcome this challenge. This paper aims to study the grid-connected residential PV-battery system at behind-the-meter scenarios in Sweden from a technical and economic perspective. The system is designed with PV arrays, inverters, Lithium-ion or lead-acid batteries. The optimal PV, lithium-ion and lead-acid battery size are determined at two locations (Arlanda and Karlstad) in Sweden based on the highest value of Net Present Value (NPV), Profitability Index (PI), the lowest value of Levelized cost of energy (LCOE) and payback period considering system losses, electricity market price, cost and PV incentives and a comparison is performed between these two locations against some techno-economic performance metrics for two combinations of PV-battery systems. Then, the best-case energy profile, bill savings, battery performance are also investigated. Finally, the system is simulated using System Advisory Model (SAM), a renewable analysis software from NREL, USA, and is found that the grid-connected PV with lithium-ion battery system is feasible and more economical considering available PV incentives in Sweden.


The thermal base-catalysed and photochemical transformation (Boulton-Katritzky rearrangement) of the title tetrahydrobenzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazoles to tetrahydro-2H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazoles is studied. Attempts to induce analogous rearrangement in tetrahydro-2H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-4-one arylhydrazones or oximes failed. Some CNDO/2 calculation are also carried out.


Increasing reports of daptomycin resistance in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), especially in the form of mprF and cls2 mutations pose a significant threat to human health. Therefore, it is important to improve the antibacterial efficacy of daptomycin and extend its lifespan as the last-line defense against multidrug-resistant (MDR) MRSA infections. In an attempt to resolve the daptomycin resistance crisis, this thesis designed and developed phytantriol-based cubosomes packaged with daptomycin to achieve improved daptomycin antibacterial efficacy. This thesis also attempted to develop phytantriol-based antimicrobial lipidic nanoparticles as a novel antibacterial agent that could be used alone or in combination with daptomycin The data from this thesis are valuable for the future treatment of Staphylococcus aureus infections.


Abstract : This study provides a roadmap for making decisions when formulating mitigation packages presented to regulatory agencies. Natural resource planners, range managers, and other environmental team members can refer to the Coral Reef Transplant Method Implementation Strategy (CRTMIS) for scientific evidence to determine coral reef transplant and mitigation methods. Conversely, CRTMIS provides information that would argue against the transplantation option under certain conditions. Overall, CRTMIS will serve as a tool to help meet the following Navy goals: keep submerged training lands available for use by the Navy, lower mitigation costs, provide scientifically defensible data to be used in National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) consultations/agreements, and help select transplantation methods that will lead to an increase of genetic diversity among coral reefs and stronger, resilient ecosystems.


Slit-Mura defect is a notorious yield flaw of color filters. In this study, an innovative non-contact in-line optical inspection method is developed to detect low contrast slit Mura through quantitative measurements by a spectrometer. Using the features of either thickness or chromaticity profiles across a slit Mura, a thickness difference from 21nm to 41nm of color filters can be differentiated accurately. Thus, the quality of color filters can be accessed in-line during the manufacturing process TFT-LCDs.


Foreword Acknowledgements Project sponsors The authors Part1 Introduction 1 Background 2 The Green Guide and related BRE titles 3 Life cycle assessment (LCA) in The Green Guide 4 How The Green Guide to Specification was compiled Part 2 Using The Green Guide 5 How to use The Green Guide to Specification Part 3 The Green Guide ratings 6 The Green Guide tables 6.1 Ground floors 6.2 Upper floors 6.3 Separating floors 6.4 Roofs 6.5 External walls 6.6 Windows and curtain walling 6.7 Internal walls 6.8 Separating walls 6.9 Insulation 6.10 Landscaping Appendix: Project steering group and peer review panels Contacts and further information References Index


Digitalisation is currently developing in many sectors of the economy. The success of a manufacturing enterprise requires a transition to digital control of production and business processes, to the greatest extent possible without human intervention using artificial intelligence technologies. This research applies a Manufacturing Execution System (MES) with Predictive Analysis to an automatic production line (Chemical Line) which contains sensors, actuators and pumps controlled by four Programmable Logic Controllers, linked together, and being monitored through a Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition system. The production line composed of four different subsystems, responsible for filtration to bottling the chemical product. This paper tries to join the MES system with Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) in order to not only monitor the system but having predictive analysis to plan the future. In such way we will take advantage of the benefits of the ANN, such as Long-Short Term Memory architectures. The experimental data will be compared with other usual platforms, such as the Master SCADA itself, through the course of this research.


This research is to develop and establish a cloud energy management evaluation framework for the future development of cloud energy management system to be employed in a university. In this study, through literature reviews and expert interviews, the primary and the secondary evaluation factors of the initial cloud energy management evaluation framework were determined first. Then, through expert questionnaires, the Delphi method was used to finalize the evaluation framework. The final evaluation framework consisted of four primary factors and nineteen secondary factors. The four primary factors were cloud management, equipment control, water resources control, and indoor air quality control. Afterward, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) questionnaires were used to determine the relative or absolute weighted values of these factors. Finally, an initial cloud energy management system developed for a university based on thirteen of the nineteen secondary factors was presented.


This chapter studies the importance of implementation of innovational projects of technological growth through public–private partnership (PPP). The authors determine the probability of implementing a project of PPP depending on distribution of risks between its participants. Usage of the mechanism of PPP allows optimizing possible risks during implementation of innovational activities, attracting large business for creation and implementation of new technologies, and forming sustainable ties between RD preparatory, implementary, commercialization of the results of joint activities; and monitoring and control over execution of the project. The algorithm of the system of risk management in innovational projects of technological growth on the platform of PPP is presented. The methods of overcoming the risks that appear during implementation of an innovational project of technological growth within PPP are given. A special attention should be paid to the fourth (distribution of risks) and fifth (reduction of risks) stages. During implementation of innovational projects with application of a business model of PPP, the risks are dealt with by the participant who can manage them better. Reduction of risks is achieved better if several strategies are used – for decreasing the influence of the risk on the innovational project (strategies of risk evasion, acceptance of the risk situation, compensation, transfer, and reduction).


It's an experience to deal Shakespearean world-reality on all available commands of sign-using capability on all binary levels from black to white and vice to virtue. Shakespeare's force of intelligibility directly stems up from his sensory content of five senses that holds back the microscopic visibility of constructional web from all binary relations via parallels to oppositions, to follow its scientific and physical cognition from, and this work is trying to apprehend more closeness of 'sign'. The confidence of this proximity will provide us the studies of post-structuralist and post-modernist views and shades in Shakespearean perceptual involvements.


Using the semi-infinite Gauss-Hermite quadrature rule defined in [0;1), we present an accurate and efficient approximation to the Gaussian Q-function, which is expressed as a finite sum of exponential functions. Based on this approximation, we address a product of Gaussian Q-functions averaged over Nakagami-m fading, ending up with a closed-form solution applicable for any real m ‥ 0.5. We further consider more general situations, in which the Gaussian Q-function is involved in more complicated ways. Numerical examples show that the proposed method with very few terms can give error probabilities (in closed form) that are virtually indistinguishable from the exact results obtained by numerical integration.


There has been long-standing interest in whether a stimulus at a sensitive or critical period in development could have a long-lasting or permanent "programming" influence on later structure or function. For some types of cell (e.g., brain and muscle), differentiation and replication, or determination of cell function, occur only during limited critical periods of early development (1). Adverse factors during such a period, particularly those leading to growth failure, may therefore have a detrimental effect on an individual throughout life. There has been recent epidemiological evidence that nutrition or growth in early life may influence long-term outcome in terms of later body size (2,3) and risk of adult disease (4-7). It is of concern to neonatologists that suboptimal nutrition during early life could have adverse long-term consequences for growth, health, or neurodevelopment in infants born preterm. Our randomized nutritional intervention trials have provided evidence that nutrition in the neonatal period affects growth (8,9). Neonatal steady-state weight gain (weight gain in g/kg-d after regaining birthweight) was significantly improved by feeding a nutrient-fortified preterm formula rather than either donor breast milk or a standard term formula. More important, our studies have also provided evidence that nutrition in the neonatal period can influence later performance, with improved developmental outcome at 9 and 18 months post term (9-12). Unpublished data suggest that this effect persists until the age of 7.5 to 8 years, particularly in respect to verbal IQ in boys. Martyn et al. found no relation between fetal growth (birthweight) and adult cognitive performance among a population born between 1920 and 1943, the vast majority of whom would have been born at term (13). The brain is growing fastest around the time of full term, and it continues to grow beyond the end of the first year of life (14). Skuse et al. conducted a large study in term infants to investigate whether postnatal growth influences Bayley mental and motor scores at 15 months (15). They calculated a combined score and found no association between birthweight or weight at 15 months and Bayley combined score. However, they did find that early growth faltering was important. From regression models they found that a fall of 2 SD in weight between birth and 6 months was associated with a 10-point


The synthesis of some new 2‐(6‐methoxy‐2‐naphthyl)‐5‐aryl‐1,3,4‐oxadiazoles (4a–k) has been described. Ethyl‐6‐methoxy‐2‐naphthoate (1) yielded on treatment with hydrazine hydrate to 6‐methoxy‐2‐naphthoic acid hydrazide (2). Compound 2 reacted with substituted aromatic carboxylic acids (3a–k) in phosphorus oxychloride yielded 2‐(6‐methoxy‐2‐naphthyl)‐5‐aryl‐1,3,4‐oxadiazoles (4a–k). Newly synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, 1H‐NMR and mass spectral data. All the compounds were screened for their anti‐inflammatory and analgesic activity. Compound 4j exhibited promising anti‐inflammatory and analgesic activities.


We study the history and the current state of relationship between small-numbered indigenous people living in the Arctic Zone and the resource extraction companies with respect to the common land areas. The experience of the USA, Canada, Nordic Countries and the Russian North is considered. Our analysis shows that the large-scale industrial development of the Arctic Zone have drastically affected social, economic and ecological environment of indigenous people. The behavior of local governments towards protection of indigenous peoples' rights differs depending on the lobbying force of resource extraction companies. If the establishment of native indigenous peoples titles doesn't threaten the interests of nature management companies, the governments are trying to strictly maintain a fair institutional framework of interaction with the indigenous communities. Otherwise, the nature managers do what they want and the government follows their needs.


(1) Pyrenean Institute of Ecology-CSIC, Geoenvironmental Processes and Global Change, Zaragoza, Spain (firstname.lastname@example.com), (2) Earth Science Department, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain, (3) CRG Marine Geosciences, Department of Stratigraphy, Paleontology and Marine Geosciences, Faculty of Geology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, (4) Department of Geology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain, (5) Stable Isotope Biogeochemistry Laboratory, IACT-CSIC, Granada, Spain, (6) Department of Earth Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA, (7) State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xian, China


Background: Drug induced liver injury is common problem in clinical practice. Amiodarone hepatotoxicity has various clinical presentations from asymptomatic elevation of aminotransferase to acute liver failure. Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics of acute-on-chronic liver failure from amiodarone toxicity. Material and Method: One case of amiodarone toxicity was reported in a review of literature. The clinical and histopathological features were described. Results: We report a 62-year-old female patient with prolong administration of amiodarone. She developed clinical of acute-on-chronic liver failure. Liver pathology reported cholestatic hepatitis with extensive Mallory's body with pericellular fibrosis. Amiodarone induce hepatotoxicity was diagnosed. Conclusion: This report suggests that amiodarone toxicity should be considered as one possibly cause of acute-on-chronic liver failure.


Although cigarette smoking is considered a major risk factor for bladder carcinoma, little is known about the interaction between metabolic genes such as glutathione‐S‐transferase P1 and tobacco smoking in this process. GSTP1 may play a role in detoxification of tobacco‐related carcinogens.


In this paper,the impacts are analysed,and several countermeasures are put forward,which include all-sided planning and unitive arrangement; coal associate with water resources exploitation; rundle-using mine water,coal slime water and living sewage; developping environment impact assessment of water in coal industry and so on.


The blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) is a valuable commercial species. In Thailand, the consumption of the blue swimming crab is increasing. To construct an effective sustainable management plan, genetic information is required. Knowledge of natural stock genetic information can help policymakers design fishing and conservation management policies to maintain genetic diversity. In our study, we examined the genetic structure of the blue swimming crab population on the Andaman Sea coast of Thailand. Partial sequences of the mitochondrial DNA control region (mtDNA CR) with a size of 369-371 base pairs were studied in 150 individuals collected from five sampling sites along Thailand's Andaman Sea coast. Seventy-one haplotypes were characterized by 127 polymorphic sites, indicating high haplotype diversity but low nucleotide diversity across five localities. The multiple tests of population genetic analysis showed a lack of genetic structure. The absence of genetic structure was possibly caused by a high level of gene flow due to the larval blue swimming crab's high dispersal ability. Demographic history findings indicate that the blue swimming crab population has expanded. The findings of our study can be used to guide the management of the blue swimming crab in this region of the Andaman Sea to conserve genetic diversity.


The effects of temperature on growth and development of Anthurium andraeanum were investigated in four temperature experiments. The results showed that the quality and yield of cut flower of Anthurium andraeanum were closely correlated with temperature. The flowers were caused chilling injury and the production and quality of cut flower were lowest as average daily temperature (ADT) was 15℃ and it caused lightly heat damage on Anthurium andraeanum flower at ADT 29.5℃. ADT 26℃was optimum for the flower production. When the temperature and strength of sunshine changed quickly, the spathe withered with the nutritive disturbance of plant.


alex haleys queen the story of an american family is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can get it instantly. Our digital library hosts in multiple locations, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the alex haleys queen the story of an american family is universally compatible with any devices to read.


Introduction Americans lead the western world in the number of hours spent at work. Why do we work so hard? One answer is that we enjoy our jobs. Work brings us satisfaction. This essay argues that work satisfaction not only entails enjoyment but also three ethical considerations as well. Two of these ethical concerns speak to the development of talents and community interest; the third addresses the subjective quality of ethical claims. Work is discussed using two models. The ethical model put forth by Karl Marx and the psychological one proposed by Frederick Herzberg. The essay ends with a few comments on how their views should be modified, amended and ignored. Karl Marx's Ethical Model Marx begins his analysis of work satisfaction with a look at capitalist production. What is produced is often useless, even dangerous. Production decisions are based on profit rather than public benefit. To use his terms, capitalism is dominated by exchange value rather than use value. What to produce should be based on objective moral criteria, not immoral motives like exchange value. Moreover, work satisfaction cannot be achieved when nature is exploited for small interest. Air and water must used for community objectives. Marx also cautions that work under capitalism emphasizes competition and selfishness, making friendships unusual. In sum, work alienates us from what we produce, the natural environment, our latent talents and each another. Work satisfaction should have a moral base and speak to producing useful goods and services, stimulating our capacities, forming meaningful relationships and appropriating natural resources for useful purposes (Marx, 1977, 75-96). Work alienation refers to the objective social conditions of work and does not depend on the opinion of the worker. Enjoying work is not a guarantee that it is unalienating. For instance, under capitalism people compensate for lack of satisfying jobs by exalting their animal qualities. He observes: The result we arrive at then is that man (the worker) only feels himself freely active in his animal functions of eating, drinking, and procreating, at most also in his dwelling and dress, and feels himself an animal in his human functions. Eating, drinking, procreating, etc., are indeed truly human functions. But in the abstraction that separates them from other rounds of human activity and makes them into final and exclusive ends they become animal. (Marx, 1977, 80-81) Pleasure become the single motive in life since it connects so quickly to part of our humanity. The quick fix before and after work is their daily highlight. Yet, when food, drink, and sex dominate life, they diminish our humanity since they ignore our wider possibilities. Ironically, the morally uninformed may enjoy such a life. An issue for Marx is how to move from a so-called incorrect moral evaluation of work to a correct one. Why should people agree with his ideas of work if they are happy with their so called alienating jobs? What is wrong with a miner who enjoys his alienating job? Marx insists that the miner suffers from a false consciousness or what Herbert Marcuse calls "euphoria in unhappiness" (Marcuse, 1974, 50). Euphoria refers to their personal reaction while unhappiness refers to missing more reasonable possibilities. According to Marx, workers should be reeducated so they can judge work correctly. V. I. Lenin took this idea a step further and told disgruntled workers that it should be impossible to experience work dissatisfaction since they owned the means of production (Lenin, 1965, 35-277). The personal realization of alienation is the first step towards organizing for better working conditions. On the other hand, the denial of alienation may well retard this movement. Satisfied yet alienated workers are often compliant. Marx also noted that unsatisfying work can be highly productive. We should endure unsatisfying work when it is the best agent to relieve poverty. …


World of today is facing the problem of power crisis, because most of the power generation units are running on thermal energy. Those basically need coal for the generation of energy. Since, it is well known fact that, the coal as a natural wealth is depleting day by day and very few sources are remaining where the coal could be found easily. Therefore people are looking for an alternative energy sources. Apart from these energies, the most economical source for the generation of employment is considered to be the human energy. Therefore, the use of human power has great scope particularly in rural and remote areas.


88Background: BL-8040 is a novel CXCR4 antagonist being developed for multiple oncology indications. Preclinical studies demonstrated that BL-8040 increases the number of immune cells in peripheral blood and promotes CD8+ T cell infiltration into orthotropic pancreatic mouse tumors, reducing tumor load. BL-8040 is being evaluated in a Phase 2a, multicenter, open label trial in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer (the COMBAT study). Patients are undergoing a 5-day period of monotherapy in which they receive daily doses of BL-8040, followed by 21-day cycles in which patients receive one dose of pembrolizumab and 3 doses/week of BL-8040 until disease progression or discontinuation. To date, 32 patients have been enrolled. Methods: On Day 1 and Day 5, blood samples were taken at pre- and post-dosing, to evaluate peripheral immune cell subset frequency by flow cytometry. In addition, core biopsies were taken from liver metastases, where possible, to assess immune cell infiltration into tumors and the tu...


International intervention be it with the aim of humanitarian aid or peacebuilding involves a multitude of IGOs, NGOs and local agencies from 'partner' countries. This article analyses the problem of coordination between these organizations and starts from the question why coordination is widely supported but seldom implemented. Building on sociological institutionalism, the article argues that the principle of coordination has become a rationalized 'myth' in the sense of an uncontested organizational formula. Actors have to support the 'myth' for reasons of legitimacy. However, political conflicts continue to hinder effective coordination. The typical solution to this problem is that coordination is incorporated ritually into official declarations and a coordinating bureaucracy, while actual practices are decoupled from a ceremonial façade. The result is a persistent gap between the rhetoric and reality of coordination. This article provides evidence for that assumption and ties in with the debate over the 'coordination problem' and the dynamics of formal organizations in world politics.


War — In general — Treaties of Peace — Performance of — Treaty of Peace with Japan, 1951 — Obligation of Japan to return or compensate for Allied property "in Japan" — Interpretation of Article 15 of Treaty containing this obligation — Literal interpretation — Ordinary meaning of words — Application to captured Netherlands ship sunk outside territorial waters of Japan after cessation of hostilities — Whether Japan under obligation to raise wreck — Whether Japan stultified provisions of Article 15 by its own illegal acts.


Thorough preplanning and best drilling practices are effective in reducing stuck pipe incidents, data analytics offer additional insight into further reducing the significant non-productive time (NTP) that results from this unplanned event. The severity of the stuck pipe problem may stop the drilling operations for a short time, or in more difficult cases, the drill string has to be cut and the borehole is sidetracked or plugged and abandoned. Consequently, detecting the early signs of this problem, in order to take the right actions, may considerably or entirely reduce the risk of a stuck pipe.
 Although computational models have been proposed for the early detection of the stuck pipe incidents, the models are derived from a reduced set of wells with stuck pipe incidents, which may result in under-trained models that predict a large number of false positive alarms. A sufficient amount of data or wells that statistically represent the parameters surrounding stuck pipe incidents under different circumstances is required in order to derive a generalizable and accurate prediction model. For this, we first derived a framework to automatically and systematically extract relevant data from the historical data. As such, our framework searches through the historical data and localizes the surface drilling and rheology parameters surrounding the stuck pipe incidents. Moreover, we performed feature selection by selecting the top-ranked parameters from the analysis of variance, which measures the capability of the drilling and rheology parameters to discriminate between stuck pipe incidents and normal drilling conditions, such as, weight on bit, revolutions per minute, among others.
 Using the relevant features selected by the analysis of variance, we derived a robust and fast classification model based on random forests that is able to accurately detect stuck pipe incidents. The implemented framework, which includes the automated data extraction module, the analysis of variance for feature selection, and prediction, is designed to be implemented in the real-time drilling portal as an aid to the drilling engineers and the rig crew in order to minimize or avoid the NTP due to a stuck pipe.