The aim of this project is to develop a road safety options in cars to avoid collision with a vehicle or AN obstacle on the method. Timely detection of alternative objects within the neck of the woods is of utmost importance to stop accidents and potential loss of human life, traffic jams particularly in craggy areas with hair pins bends and reduced visibility condition in dense foggy areas. The Embedded system within the automotive would be capable of detective work varied objects round the automotive which can facilitate the motive force to drive safely in poor weather. system carries with it completely different good sensors akin to frequency, unbearable sensors which can determine the nearer objects .The show system with within the automotive can show the near automotive inside region of frequency whenever any obstacle can enter to nominative car safe zone then device can alert the motive force to require action over it. If the obstacle is within the front then the microcontroller can communicate inside system and alert driver if any factor enters to safe zone and conjointly fog affects visibility, the sensors would acknowledge another automotive and alert the motive force of any dangers that lie ahead, giving the motive force enough time to weigh down, permitting him to flee from what may are a nasty accident.


In the early (3-day) stage of development, long-lasting openings of the L-type Ca2+ channels (mode 2) occur in embryonic chick heart cells. Since mode-2 behavior is infrequently observed in adult heart cells of other species, in the present study, developmental change in behavior of the Ca2+ channel was examined in young (3-day) and old (17-day) embryonic chick heart cells. In the whole-cell voltage clamp, the L-type Ca2+ current carried by Ca2+ ions was smaller in amplitude and had a faster inactivation in 17-day cells than in 3-day cells. The peak current density was 8.1 +/- 0.2 microA/cm2 (mean +/- SEM, n = 5) and 5.1 +/- 0.3 microA/cm2 (n = 5) in 3-day and 17-day cells, respectively. When the charge carrier was Ba2+, the L-type Ca2+ channel current density was also smaller in 17-day cells (22.7 +/- 1.8 microA/cm2) than in 3-day cells (28.3 +/- 2.1 microA/cm2). In single-channel recordings, the mode-2 behavior was infrequent in 17-day cells compared with 3-day cells. High-open probability sweeps (with ...


The world-wide incidence of adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction has been on a rise in recent years. Surgical resection plays the most important role in the multimodal management for adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric junction. However, due to distinct anatomical position, biological features, epidemiology and surgical teams, many controversies and different cognitions exist among surgeons from the East and the West, including tumor staging and classification, regional lymphadenectomy, surgical approaches and extents of esophageal and gastric resection. A new TNM classification has renewed the staging system, while traditional Siewert classification still decides clinical surgical strategies. With the development of minimally invasive surgery and early detection for the lesion, it is possible to perform the operations combining laparoscopy and thoracoscopy in the future. A multidisciplinary team from digestive surgery, oncology, radiology and anesthesiology will be essential for optimal diagnosis and management.

Key words:
Esophagogastric junction neoplasms, adenocarcinoma; Diagnosis; Therapy; Surgical procedures, operative


In this paper the principle of the animated drawing system isintroduced. by the system,the content of the arc welding is more animated,and the level ofteaching is higher.


The technology of biological active dietary supplement «Se I elastine», containing iodine and selenium has been developed on the basis of conducted research. The implementation of the developed dietary addition at thyrosolic hypothyroidism promotes recovery of hormonal indicators.


By controlling thermodynamic parameters, we obtained some Sm211 whiskers up to 4.2 mm in length from high temperature Sm-Ba-Cu-O melt. Surface morphologies and microstructures of the whisker were characterized by using SEM, HRTEM and SCXD. The preferential growth orientation of the whisker was determined to be along its 001 direction. According to HTOM, we observed in situ the epitaxial growth of Sm123 on Sm211 whiskers. The epitaxial growth relation between Sm123 and Sm211 was studied in the work.


Dear Editor,IntroductionImprovements in early detection and treatment of cancerhave resulted in a growing number of aging cancer survi-vors. Currently, 60% of the 10 million cancer survivors inthe USA are older than 65 years [1]. Yet, research hasbeen scarce on mental health outcomes, especially satis-faction with life (SWL), in older cancer survivors (OCSs)[2]. A number of existing studies in this arena are limitedby a focus on a single cancer type such as breast cancer,small sample sizes, inclusion of people with very recentlydiagnosed cancer, and a lack of age-matched healthycomparison subjects (HCs) [1–3]. There are also prevalentassumptions that limit progress in our understanding ofpsychological well-being in this population, for example,that positive emotions are absent, dangerous, delusional,or trivial among people with life-threatening illnesses[4]. Studiessuggestthat OCSsfare muchworse physicallythan HCs as a result of adverse interactions among cancer,its treatment, aging, and comorbidity [1–3]. Findings onmental function suggest that OCSs have worse psycholog-ical functioning than HCs [1], experience age-associateddecline in health-related quality of life [5], and have loweroptimism about life expectancy than HCs [3]. Other find-ings are mixed, with some studies reporting similar de-pression scores and cognitive function between OCSsand HCs [3], whereas others report increased depressionwith age but no association between age and SWL inOCSs [2]. Conversely, OCSs have reported resilient socialwell-being, spirituality, and personal growth with aging[6]. Notably, only a few reports have employedstandardized instruments for assessing positive psychoso-cialresourcessuchas SWL,resilience,optimism,personalmastery, and spirituality [2].Thus,understandingSWLanditspsychosocialcorrelatesamong OCSs remains an important but understudied areawith high public health significance. Such research wouldbe of value in developing interventions to increase SWL.The present study compared SWL, as well as health-related physical, cognitive, and psychosocial functioninginOCSs,withthatindemographicallymatchedHCsfroma community-based sample. As several studies havereported worse physical and psychological function inOCSs than among HCs [1], we hypothesized that OCSswould perform worse in all spheres of functioningcompared with HCs. We also examined the correlates ofSWL in the two groups.Materials and methodsParticipantsCancer survivors and HCs were recruited from a largemulticohortlongitudinal,community-basedsampleofolderadults whohad beenselected using random digit dialing, inthe Successful AGing Evaluation (SAGE) study. TheSAGEdataincludestandardizedmeasuresofphysical,cog-nitive,andpsychosocialfunctioningfromatelephoneinter-view and a mail-in survey completed by 1006 participantsbetween the ages of 50 and 99 years [7]. Two hundredandnineteenSAGEparticipantsreportedhavingadiagnosisof cancer (excluding skin cancer). They were comparedwith 219 age-, gender-, and education-matched HCs fromthe same sample, who did not report a history of cancer.


Many medications are used in acute perioperative pain management, and a complete review is beyond the scope of this article. However, 4 medications have emerged as the most commonly used and effective medications in the treatment of acute perioperative pain control: celecoxib, gabapentin, subanesthetic ketamine, and acetaminophen. This review is geared toward perioperative providers, including anesthesiologists and certified registered nurse anesthetists, surgeons, and internists involved in the perioperative care of the surgical patient. Acute Perioperative Pain Management in Total Joint Arthroplasty: Summary of Available Agents


Abstract A sensitive method for the determination of the optical dielectric tensor configuration of thin aligned FLC layers is presented. S(TE) and p(TM) polarised light at 632.8nm is prism-coupled into leaky Fabry-Perot modes when the incident photon momentum along the layer matches a particular guided mode momentum. The reflectivity is monitored as a function of the angle of incidence whereby sharp dips in the reflected intensity are recorded. Computer modelling of Fresnel's equations for general biaxial multilayer media using a Scattering Matrix method is compared to data from which detailed information about the liquid crystal refractive index tensor may be obtained. From data modelled in theS * C phase, we show that there is no out-of-plane tilt, but that the in-plane tilt profile of the director configuration is consistent with the chevron formation of the smectic layers observed in X-ray scattering work.


Cadmium,which came mainly from Pb-Zn deposits,is a kind of toxic element.It will be released out with weathering and leaching during exploitation of Pb-Zn ores,It can pollute the environment of mining area.The Niujiaotang Cd-rich zinc deposit,Duyun,Guizhou Province,in which Cd is particularly rich,is hosted in carbonate strata.In this paper,detailed analysis was carried out on water samples from rivers,ore-dressing sewage and sap water.It has been found that water-bodies in the ore areas are alkaline and the pollution of heavy metal elements is not so serious,especially that of Cd,which is lower than that required by Chinese National Standards on drinking water and irrigating water.Based on other data about the ore areas,we think that the carbonates have been limiting the migration and concentration of heavy metal elements,and making them have a tendency of being enriched in soils,plants and river sediments from the water-bodies.What is most important is that supergene weathering and leaching rates are dropped down and the pollution of those toxic heavy metals in the mining district is reduced as a result of neutralization and buffer capacity of the carbonates.All of those provide some way to control the environmental pollution in Pb-Zn mines which are located in non-carbonate areas.


Biohydrogen is a clean alternative energy produced by a number of different organisms. Green microalgae can produce hydrogen via the photobiological-H2 production process. Hydrogen production of a unicellular green alga Scenedesmus sp. KMITL-O1 isolated from a natural pond occurred photoheterotrophically in medium containing acetate. The highest hydrogen was produced when cultivated cells in TAP medium for 18 hours under light and then incubated under anaerobic adaptation for 2 hours.


Transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) monolayers have been considered as important two-dimensional semiconductor materials for the study of fundamental physics in the field of spintronics. However, the out-of-plane mirror symmetry in TMDs may constrain electrons' degrees of freedom and it may limit spin-related applications. Recently, a newly synthesized Janus TMDs MoSSe was found to intrinsically possess both the in-plane inversion and the out-of-plane mirror-symmetry breaking. Here we performed first-principles calculations in order to systematically investigate the electronic band structures of a series of Janus monolayer TMDs with chemical formula $MXY\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}(M=\mathrm{Mo},\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{W}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{and}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}X,Y=\mathrm{S},\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{Se},\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{Te})$. It is found that they possess robust electronic properties like their parent phases. We explored also the effect of perpendicular external electric field and in-plane biaxial strain on the Rashba spin splittings. The Zeeman-type spin splitting and valley polarization at $K({K}^{\ensuremath{'}})$ point are well preserved and we observed a Rashba-type spin splitting around the $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}$ point for all the $MXY$ systems. We have also found that these spin splittings can be enhanced by an external electric field collinear with the local electric field derived by the polar bonds and by the compressive strain. The Rashba parameters change linearly with the external electric field, but nonlinearly with the biaxial strain. The compressive strain is found to enhance significantly the anisotropic Rashba spin splitting.


The synthesis of molecularly thin poly(p-styrenesulfonate) monolayers as an example for a negatively charged polyelectrolyte brush covalently attached to a planar solid surface is described. The polymer monolayers are generated directly at the surface of the substrate by using self-assembled monolayers of an azo initiator and radical chain polymerization of p-styrenesulfonate ethyl ester (ESS) monomer in situ. This "grafting from" approach yields surface-bound poly(p-styrenesulfonate ethyl ester) (PESS) molecules with high molecular weights and with high graft densities of the attached chains. The PESS monolayers can be transformed into a charged poly(p-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) monolayer through a polymer-analogous saponification reaction under mild conditions, and the reaction can be carried out to quantitative conversion. The thickness of the polyelectrolyte brush can be controlled from 2 to more than 35 nm in the dry, collapsed state.


The objective of this research was to analyze the short and the long-run relationship between five macroeconomics variables such as exchange rate, inflation, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), SBI rate, and money supply to examine their influence on the LQ45 stock price index. The data sample used in this study is monthly time series data from January 2016 to December 2020. This study used Vector Error Correction Model to analyze the problem. The result shows that in the short run (1 month ago), exchange rate, inflation, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), SBI rate, and money supply do not influence the LQ45 stock price index. In the long run, the exchange rate has positive inflation, SBI rate, and money supply negatively influence the LQ45 stock price index. Therefore, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) does not influence the LQ45 stock price index. The results of the Impulse Response Function and Variance Decomposition, SBI rate, is a variable that provides the most significant contribution to the LQ45 stock price index


e24210Background: Comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) in tumors is used extensively globally since it provides insight into clinically relevant genomic alterations (GA), revealing new therapeutic...


Although a number of feminist scholars have scrutinized evolutionary psychology (EP) in order to show its gendered assumptions, very few feminist scholars have interrogated the assumptions that the field makes about disability. Nor have disability theorists paid adequate critical attention to EP, despite the fact that the field and the theories that it promotes are central to dominant contemporary conceptions of disability. In this essay, I point out the ways in which feminist criticisms of EP fail to address its implications for our understandings of disability. I argue, furthermore, that insofar as feminist criticisms of EP fail to integrate a critical approach to disability, they do so at their own expense—perhaps even undermining their own theoretical and political goals. Both feminist philosophy and philosophy of disability have much to gain from co-developing a feminist philosophy of disability that takes account of evolutionary approaches. Given the prevalence—both within and outside of the academy—of evolutionary justifications for oppression and discrimination, the need for an integrative model which would succeed where other critiques of evolutionary psychology have failed is vital. Keywords: disability, evolutionary psychology, feminist philosophy, modularity, standpoint theory


Diete-Spiff & Pascoe (1959) reported that the spindle motor fibres to the gastrocnemius muscle of the rabbit are powerfully excited by certain volatile anaesthetics, among them ethyl chloride. This phenomenon was further studied by Diete-Spiff, Dodsworth & Pascoe (1961); in keeping with the nomenclature introduced by Hunt & Paintal (1958), Diete-Spiff et al. referred to the nerve fibres involved as fusimotor. Andrew (1960) reported a similar action of ethyl chloride and other anaesthetics on the ' small motor fibres serving the hind limb of the rat', and by referring to the previous work of Granit and Hunt implied that the fibres supplied the motor innervation to the muscle spindles. Andrew (1964) investigated the effect of ethyl chloride inhalation upon the discharge from the muscle spindles of the rat and concluded that when due allowance was made for the direct effect of ethyl chloride the effect was 'small or negligible and its time course was not parallel to the excitation in the anaesthetic-sensitive fibres'. He concluded that 'the anaesthetic-excited small motor fibres are functionally different from the fusimotor fibres controlling static sensitivity'. If this is true then two possibilities follow; either the anaestheticexcited small motor fibres control the dynamic sensitivity of the muscle spindles in a selective fashion, or they have some function other than fusimotion. The first possibility is of interest in view of the quest for evidence of a dual innervation of the muscle spindle. The second would mean that the nerves to muscles contain many small fibres with a function as yet unknown. It was decided therefore to investigate the effect of ethyl chloride upon the muscle spindle receptors of the gastrocnemius muscle of the rabbit to see whether there was excitation corresponding with the excitation of the motor fibres reported to be fusimotor. The gastrocnemius muscle was chosen because in my experience all fibres to this muscle which on other grounds I have decided were fusimotor, have shown excitation when ethyl chloride was given.


Summary: The EEGs of subjects with absence seizures were examined to determine if changes occurred prior to spike‐wave bursts that could be used to predict bursts. A number of 20‐s epochs of EEG prior to spike‐wave bursts (preburst epochs) and during periods remote from bursts (control epochs) were examined in 5 subjects. Power‐spectrum analysis was carried out on each epoch and frequency bands from 0 to 50 c/s were combined into 2‐c/s bandwidths. Logarithmically transformed power values in each frequency band were entered into a discriminant analysis algorithm for each subject separately. Results were expressed in terms of a test for significant differences between preburst and control epochs (F statistic) and a "success ratio" of discriminant analysis classification, defined as the proportion of correct classifications in both groups, as obtained using a cross‐validation procedure. A significant preburst EEG pattern was found in 4 of the 5 subjects, and success ratios ranged from 0.64 to 0.83. Each subject's preburst EEG seemed to be characterized by a unique pattern of changes, and thus no common prodromal signal was found. The EEG changes did not appear to be caused by overt behaviors, such as eye closure or drowsiness. The findings suggest that the preburst EEG pattern represents a functional alteration in brain activity which could arise from the burst‐producing mechanism directly.


The invention relates to a fluorine-containing membrane applied to the photovoltaic industry. The fluorine-containing membrane comprises the following components in part by weight: 50 to 80 parts of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), 14 to 49 parts of acrylic flexible copolymer resin, 0.1 to 1 part of heat stabilizer, 0.1 to 5 parts of light stabilizer and 1 to 20 parts of pigment. The invention also provides a formula of the fluorine-containing membrane which has good anti-aging performance, good bonding performance with polyethylene terephthalate (PET) materials and high flexility.


Since 2011, Sargassum seaweed has proliferated across the tropical North Atlantic, evident in Floating Algae Index (FAI) images for the Central Atlantic region (38-63°W, 0-22°N) over 2000-2020. To investigate the role of physical drivers in post-2011 Sargassum blooms, conditions are examined across the wider tropical Atlantic. Of particular consequence for the growth and drift of Sargassum are patterns and seasonality of winds and currents. In years when the FAI index is high (2015, 2018), the Intertropical Convergence Zone (where Sargassum accumulates) was displaced southward, towards nutrient-rich waters of the Amazon river plume and the equatorial upwelling zone. Strong enhancement of the North Brazil Current retroflection and North Equatorial Counter Current circulation system in 2015 and 2018 may have increased nutrient availability/uptake for Sargassum in the North Equatorial Recirculation Region. To first order, these changes are associated with modes of natural variability in the tropical Atlantic, notably a negative phase of the Atlantic Meridional Mode in 2015 and 2018, and a positive phase of the Atlantic Niño in 2018. The influence of anomalous winds and currents on Sargassum drift during years of high and low FAI are explored with virtual particle tracking, using surface currents from an eddy-resolving ocean model hindcast and optional % windage, to quantify the variable partitioning between Sargassum that is westward-bound to the Caribbean and eastward-bound to west Africa.


Rescue stations are usually provided in very long railway tunnels. Those stations already constructed or under construction worldwide are reviewed and the basic pattern of smoke control during a rescue station fire is identified. A total of 54 model scale tests were carried out to investigate smoke control issues in rescue station fires. The effects of heat release rate, train obstruction, fire source location and ventilation condition on smoke control in the cross-passages of a rescue station were tested and analyzed. A critical smoke layer temperature near the fireproof door protecting the rescue station was investigated theoretically and experimentally and a simple equation for this temperature is obtained. A height of 2.2 m is proposed for the fireproof doors in cross-passages of rescue stations. Language: en


Near Gaza City a deep sea port will be built to stimulate the economy of Palestine. The Palestinians wish to have an all-purpose port (containers, bulk, ro-ro, multi purpose, fishery and ferries) Within this Master's Thesis three possible port layout alternatives are generated5. The three layouts are based on the traffic forecast provided by GrabowskyP • port's downtime due to excessive waves; • nautical quality level; The effects of a calamity concerning the handling of LPG are estimated based on dispersion relations. The best solution to minimize damage, is to pose limitations on other port activities, during the passage and mooring of a LPG carrier. It is chosen not to skip the handling of LPG, because by building this port the Palestinians should be independent from foreign ports. Leaving the handling of LPG to other ports is not in line with this goal. The wave induced downtime is estimated based on a database of measurements 50 km off the shore of Gaza. The wave pattern inside the port is established in two steps. The first step reaches from 50 km off-shore to the port's entrance. Use is made of the software package HISWA. The second step reaches from the port's entrance to the quays. This step is made with the help of the computer program DIFFRAC. The nautical quality level is estimated with the help of SHIPMA. There are only slight differences in the 'quality' of the approach between the alternatives. The three alternative port lay-outs are evaluated with a Multi Criteria Evaluation. Criteria that are used are (among others): downtime, safety and costs. Alternative 3 turns out to be the better alternative, but also the most expensive. The decision of which alternative to choose is therefore in the hands of the Port Authorities. They may choose depending on how much money they want to spend extra, to obtain a better port. At the end of the report a number of conclusions and recommendations concerning the Gaza Sea Port are given.


The book review should be all readers' good friends and the authors' friends who will give forthright admonition.But now it is not satisfied: at first it becomes advertisement works;second almost of them are songs of praise for authors;at last it becomes the weapon to attack each other.Not only it lost its action for readers,but also adding fuel to the flames of the literary arena.We must pay attention to it.


The article discusses first the Green River Formation oil shale projects in the western United States from which conservative estimates have suggested an output of 400,000 to 600,000 bbl/day of crude shale oil by 1990. The western reserves recoverable with present technology are said to exceed 600 billion (10/sup 9/) bbl. Three major considerations could limit the large-scale development of shale oil: availability of water, environmental factors, and socio-economic considerations. Water is used to obtain and process the crude shale oil, and additional water is needed to cool the spent shale and to establish new vegetation on top of it. Nitrogenous compounds and arsenic in crude shale oil are among potential pollutants. Spent shale contains salts that are potentially leachable, as well as organic pyrolytic products. Retorting oil shales may release more CO/sub 2/ through decomposition of carbonate minerals that will subsequently be generated by burning the oil produced. Topographic effects of oil shale mining may raise socio-economic problems. Next the article discusses the conversion of coal to liquid by pyrolysis or hydrogenation, including the Gulf solvent refined coal (SRC) and the Exxon (EDS) liquefaction processes. Also described in the South African SASOL process for producing synthetic fuel from coal.more » A parallel account is included on the estimated complete cycle of United States and of worldwide crude oil production, forecasting depletion within less than a century. 11 refs.« less


The light-cone Photon wave function in explicit helicity states, valid for massive quarks and in both momentum and configuration space, is presented by considering the leading order photon-proton hard scattering, i.e., the splitting quark pair scatters with the proton in the Regge limit. Further we apply it to the diffractive scattering at nonzero momentum transfer and reach a similar factorization as in the case of zero momentum transfer.


Modern evaluations of the reasons for regional clerisy mass repressions and specific features of political "cleansings" in state institutions and public organizations in the 1920-s – early 1930-s are represented in the article. Historiography of "the Red Terror" aimed at clerisy of Eastern Siberia's national regions is studied separately.


This paper presents an approach to obtaining knowledge bases for MIMO fuzzy control and a method for taking into account the input-output couplings, which allows us to simplify the rule bases and to tune the difference of sensibility of the outputs toward the inputs. To illustrate this approach we deal with a real process. The controlled system we consider is a nonlinear thermal system, which has three inputs and two outputs strongly coupled.


Type of funding sources: None.

 Brugada syndrome (BrS) is a channelopathy with high prevalence of malignant arrhythmic events. The risk stratification in patients (pts) with Brugada electrocardiographic (ECG) pattern is of major importance, to prevent sudden cardiac death (SCD). A higher risk is evidenced in spontaneous type 1 pattern when compared with induced type-1 pattern, as so other electrocardiographic features have been explored aiming to detect additional prognostic factors.

 To evaluate the association of QRS duration and frequent premature ventricular contractions (PVC) with malignant arrhythmic events.

 Prospective single-center study of consecutive pts with BrS, with spontaneous or induced type 1 pattern included from 2003 to 2021. All pts were enrolled in a protocol including annual non-invasive assessment with ECG and 24-hours Holter monitoring. Primary endpoints were defined as SCD or appropriate shocks in the context of ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation (VT/FV) during follow-up. Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier survival analyses were used to determine the association between the baseline ECG and Holter characteristics and the long-term risk of arrhythmic events.

 A total of 117 pts was included, 75 (65%) with a spontaneous type 1 pattern and 44 (33%) with an induced type 1 pattern. The mean age was 47±13years and 38 (32.5%) were male.
 During a median follow-up of 4.1±0.3 years, the primary endpoint occurred in 8 (6.8%) pts, with sudden cardiac death in 3 (2.6%) and appropriate shocks due to VT/FV in 5 (4.3%). Pts who suffered arrhythmic events had presented at the study inclusion higher QRS duration (124±18 vs. 108±16ms, p= 0.014) and more frequent PVCs on 24-hour Holter (169±297 vs. 29±198; p = 0.001) - Figure 1. Indeed, the presence of QRS ≥119ms was associated with a 7-fold higher risk (HR: 7.250, 95% CI 1.619-32.461, p = 0.010) and the presence of more than 6 PVC on 24-hour Holter was also associated with a 5-fold higher risk of malignant arrhythmic events (HR 5.376, 95% 1.186-24.260, p = 0.029).

 QRS duration and frequent PVC may established themselves as additional risk factors. In our cohort, they were both predictors of arrhythmic events during follow-up and thus can further complement BrS risk stratification.


We study non-nesting actions of groups on R-trees. We prove some fixed point theorems for such actions under the assumption that a group is Polish and has a comeagre conjugacy class. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification: 20E08; secondary 03C50, 03E15.


Lviv was the only European city in which as many as three Catholic metropolitans resided. The Latin archdiocese was mentioned already back in 1367. The article provides a synthetic overview of its history.


Uniform design method was applied in this paper for the media optimization of the marine microalgae. On the basis of the single factor experiment ,four key nutrient factors which had distinct effect on Porphyridium crentum's growth were optimized by means of the uniform design experiment of U12(123× 6), and the optimum media ingredients were obtained as follows: NaHCO 3: 2.755 g/L, NaNO3: 3.224 g/L, KH2PO4: 0.035 g/L, VB12: 2.772μg/L, VB1: 0.9 mg/L, Fe-EDTA: 0.11 mg/L. The Porphyridium crentum cell biomass and growth rate could also be improved effectively.


The use of domestic animals to protect livestock was reviewed through visits to actual users, discussions with experts and a thorough literature search. Costs and benefits were analysed in terms of reduced livestock losses. The most common guardian animals are dogs, which have been shown to reduce predation (documented mostly for coyote) by 11?100%. Livestock guardian dogs have also been used effectively against bear, wolf and cheetah. Donkeys are also used as guardian animals, and their effectiveness lies in their natural herding behaviour and aggression, especially against canids. The effectiveness of donkeys varies considerably dependent upon the predator species and the temperament of the individual donkey. Llamas are also used as a guardian animal, with approximately the same characteristics as the donkeys, and will defend themselves against most predators. The use of guardian animals appears to be an effective tool for reducing livestock depredation and should be evaluated in areas with high predation losses against the cost of changing production systems.


Based on the exhaustive research on three types of primitive bridges: natural bridge,stone bridge and float bridge in Hunan,a study on the distinguishing features,originating reasons and the redistribution factors of the bridges were given.The purpose was to reveal the geological and regionally cultural characteristics of Hunan.


Background: Diarrhea disease is the second leading cause of death in children under five years old, and is responsible for killing around 525,000 children every year. Interventions to prevent diarrhea, including safe drinking-water, use of improved sanitation and hand washing with soap can reduce disease risk. This study aimed to investigate risk factors of diarrhea among communities living along Deli river, North Sumatera. Subjects and Method: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in communities living along Deli river, North Sumatera. A sample of 96 study subjects was selected for this study. The dependent variable was diarrhea. The independent variables were use of toilet, clean water, hand wash, processing of waste, human excreta. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by a multiple logistic regression. Results: The risk of diarrhea increased with lack of toilet use (OR= 1.67; 95% CI= 0.99 to 2.79; p= 0.040), poor use of clean water (OR= 1.66; 95% CI= 1.02 to 2.70; p= 0.035), hand washing without soap (OR= 1.74; 95% CI= 1.12 to 2.68; p= 0.002), poor garbage management (OR= 2.50; 95% CI= 1.33 to 4.89; p= 0.001), and improper human excreta disposal (OR= 1.64; 95% CI= 1.04 to 2.60; p= 0.032). Conclusion: The risk of diarrhea increases with lack of toilet use, lack of clean water, hand washing without soap, poor waste management, and improper human excreta disposal. Keywords : diarrhea, personal hygiene, sanitation Correspondence :  Elvita Susanti. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jl. Universitas No. 21, Medan, North Sumatera. Email: elvitasusantiskm@gmail.com. Mobile: 081375520310, 08116005324. Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health (2019), 4(1): 47-54 https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2019.04.01.06


Ultrasound transient elastography has emerged as a promising imaging modality for noninvasive evaluation of tissue mechanical properties. Most of the established techniques, however, rely on a pointwise measurement of the induced shear wave speed based on a localized planar wave propagation assumption. This assumption is not always true as most tissues exhibit heterogamous characteristics. Complex interaction of different geometries, boundary conditions, and tissue composition limit the ability of these techniques such that additional spatial-temporal filtering and signal truncations are required. These signal conditionings might lead to improvement in elasticity estimation for some cases (e.g. certain geometries, material properties) but the fact that they do not stem from a comprehensive framework can lead to unrealistic mechanical properties in more complex scenarios. We present a generalized framework based on inverse solution of the elasto-dynamic equations which can simultaneously solve for material...


Life-cycle management (LCM) based on degradation diagnosis, which is called condi- tion-based maintenance (CBM) can be useful for preventing an unexpected failure and extending service life of electric power apparatuses, resulting in reduced life-cycle cost (LCC). In our previous study, we formulated numerical model of CBM and applied the model to calculate the LCC of 6.6 kV XLPE cables, for which relatively rich data on degradation are available. Assuming that cables with longer water-tree length as a nondestructively measurable replacement criterion are replaced after the diagnosis in CBM, we evaluated the economic advantage of CBM against time-based maintenance (TBM) where all the ca- bles are replaced with a certain fixed interval. To carry out reliable CBM, accurate data are necessary as well as a well-established diagnostic method. However, power apparatuses are used under various condi- tions and furthermore failure probability would be different even with the same condition, and the data available for CBM are limited. Therefore, it is important to carry out robust CBM even with the insuffi- cient and/or inaccurate data. In this study, by using the data which is intentionally formulated to be dif- ferent from the master data, we examined the influence of accuracy of the data on CBM and evaluated its reliability and robustness. The main results are as follows. In TBM, if the replacement of 6.6 kV XLPE cables is carried out with the apparent optimal interval which is calculated by using the incorrect or in- complete data, the LCC can be much larger than the optimum LCC with the accurate date. On the other hand in CBM, the LCC is smaller than that of the optimum TBM, and does not change so much with the diagnosis parameters, i.e. replacement criterion and diagnosis interval. The results suggest that CBM can contribute to reliable life-cycle management even if the correct and complete data are not available to de- termine the diagnosis parameters.


Abstract. Four correction models with differing forms were developed on a
training dataset of 32 PurpleAir–Federal Equivalent Method (FEM) hourly
fine particulate matter (PM2.5) observation colocation sites across
North America (NA). These were evaluated in comparison with four existing
models from external sources using the data from 15 additional NA colocation
sites. Colocation sites were determined automatically based on proximity and
a novel quality control process. The Canadian Air Quality Health Index Plus (AQHI+) system was used to
make comparisons across the range of concentrations common to NA, as well as
to provide operational and health-related context to the evaluations. The
model found to perform the best was our Model 2, PM2.5-corrected=PM2.5-cf-1/(1+0.24/(100/RH%-1)), where RH is limited to
the range [30 %,70 %], which is based on the RH growth model
developed by Crilley et al. (2018). Corrected concentrations from this model
in the moderate to high range, the range most impactful to human health,
outperformed all other models in most comparisons. Model 7 (Barkjohn et al., 2021) was a close runner-up and excelled in the low-concentration range (most common to NA). The correction models do not perform the same at
different locations, and thus we recommend testing several models at nearby
colocation sites and utilizing that which performs best if possible. If no
nearby colocation site is available, we recommend using our Model 2.
This study provides a robust framework for the evaluation of low-cost
PM2.5 sensor correction models and presents an optimized correction
model for North American PurpleAir (PA) sensors.


Abstract Albinism is a chromatic disorder that inhibits melanin production and is rarely observed in natural populations, with occurrences often limited to only single individuals. Here, we report on the 1st documented case of multiple leucism in Coastal Tailed Frog (Ascaphus truei) tadpoles observed in a small stream in British Columbia, Canada. During intensive surveys of 21 streams in 2021, we captured 3 leucistic tadpoles (0.10% of all tadpoles captured) at the same site. Leucistic tadpoles lacked pigmentation on all body surfaces but possessed black eyes. Relative to individuals with typical coloration, leucistic tadpoles may be rarely observed due to higher mortality rates and delayed time to metamorphosis, but the effect of leucism on fitness is poorly understood.


The evidential argument from evil moves from inscrutable evils to gratuitous evils, from evils we cannot scrutinize a God-justifying reason for permitting to there being no such reason. Skeptical theism challenges this inference by claiming that our inability to scrutinize a God-justifying reason does not provide good evidence that there is no reason. The core motivation for skeptical theism is that the cognitive and moral distance between a perfect being and creatures like us is so great we shouldn't expect that we grasp all the relevant considerations pertaining to a God-justifying reason. My goal in this paper is to defend skeptical theism within a context that allows for an inverse probability argument for theism. These arguments are crucial for an evidentialist approach to the justification of theism. I aim to show that there is a natural way of motivating a skeptical theist position that does not undermine our knowledge of some values. This world contains inscrutable evils, evils that when we carefully consider them we cannot see why an all-powerful, all-knowing, and perfectly good being would permit them to occur. A popular move is that the existence of inscrutable evils makes it reasonable to believe that there are gratuitous evils, evils that no reason at all justifies God in permitting the evils. This inference is a noseeum inference; because we do not see any justifying reason for permitting certain evils, there is not any justifying reason. Skeptical theism questions the noseeum inference at the heart of the evidential argument from evil. Skeptical theists claim that because the data we possess and our ability to mine the data are both quite limited in comparison ∗Thanks to Kenny Boyce, Andrew Cling, Nicholas Jones, Kevin Meeker, Bradley Monton, and Philip Swenson for helpful comments on an earlier draft.


This paper proposes a customer relationship management (CRM) Ontology based on CMMI project planning for business application. The CRM ontology describes the CRM project planning knowledge based on CMMI. It contains three categories, including establishing CRM project estimates, developing CRM project plan, and obtaining CRM project commitment. There are various concepts in the class layer and some instances in the instances layer defined in the ontology. The proposed ontology can be applied to construct an intelligent CRM system based on CMMI project planning for business applications.


The overwintering cryotolerance of cotton materials derived from different germplasm and their hybrids were identified in Nanning,to provide the basic materials for perennial cotton breeding in cryotolerance.Based on the selection of the optimal stress temperature and time,5 physiological and biochemical indexes(relative conductivity,soluble sugar,soluble protein,MDA and proline)of cryotolerance and overwintering survivorship in open field were used to identify comprehensively on the overwintering cryotolerance of 63 materials,then they were clustered into 4 categories:23 materials in cryotolerant type,19 materials in middle cryotolerant type,9 materials in middle cryosensitive type and 12 materials in cryosensitive type,accounting for 36.51%、30.16%、14.29% and 19.05% respectively.All materials in cryotolerant type were relative with germplasm of perennial island cotton,which indicated that the cryotolerance of overwintering in perennial island cotton was very useful for breeding.Cytoplasm effect of overwintering survival wasn't significant in testing cotton materials,the overwintering survival of hybrids were in regression trend of mean type in ancestors.


The effect of extract and fractions of the root bark of Securidaca longipedunculata Fres (Polygalaceae) on acute inflammation was evaluated. Solvent extraction yielded the crude methanol extract (ME) while solvent–guided extraction yielded a petroleum ether fraction (PF) and methanol fraction (MF). The extract and fractions inhibited topical edema induced by xylene in the mouse ear. In the systemic edema of the rat paw, the methanol extract (ME) and methanol fraction (MF) significantly (P PF > ME. Phytochemical tests showed that ME and MF tested positive for carbohydrates, reducing sugars, glycosides, flavonoids, terpenoids, sterols and saponins while PF gave positive reaction for resins only. Acute toxicity test for ME in mice established an i.p and p.o LD50 of 11 and 282 mg/kg respectively.


This chapter begins by defining the term 'land' as stated in the Law of Property Act 1925, s. 205(1)(ix). It explains the meaning of land of any tenure, both freehold and leasehold; the extent of land both upwards into the sky and downwards into the earth; corporeal hereditaments including the distinction between fixtures and chattels; incorporeal hereditaments such as rights of way, rights to fishing and hunting, and other intangible rights; and cites relevant cases as examples. It then sketches the rights of landowners to objects found lost or hidden on, or buried within, the land, including the Crown's rights to treasure.


We have expressed GFP in Sf9 and Bm5 cells or Bombyx mori larvae by using Ac-Bm hybrid virus capable of replicating in both Bm5 and Sf9 cells. Genomic DNA of Ac-Bm hybrid virus expressing B-galactosidase was cotransfected with baculovirus transfer vector containing GFP gene, pBacPAK-GFP in Sf9 cells. The Ac-Bm hybrid virus harboring GFP was named as Ac-Bm hybrid virus-GFP. The Ac-Bm hybrid virus-GFP-infected insect cells were easily selected by detecting the emission of GFP from each well of cell culture dish on the UV illuminator. GFP produced by Ac-Bm hybrid virus-GFP in Sf9 and Bm5 cells or B. mori larvae was confirmed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis using GFP antibody. In addition, B. mori larvae infected with Ac-Bm hybrid virus-GFP was apparently appeared fluorescence from the whole body at 5 days postinoculation. The fluorescence of GFP from the hemolymph and fat body of B. mori larvae infected with Ac-Bm hybrid virus-GFP was also observed by fluorescence microscope. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that in baculovirus expression vector system, use of Ac-Bm hybrid virus have an additional advantage of expanded host range for producing recombinant proteins.


1. A finitely generated group G may be presented äs a factor group of a free group Fn of rank n by a normal subgroup R of Fn· here n is the number of elements used to generate G. The set of all normal subgroups whose factor groups under Fn are isomorphic to the same abstract group G may consist of a number of disjoint subsets, the transitivity Systems with respect to the automorphism group of Fn, corresponding to the -systems of generating w-vectors of G (cf. [3]). These -systems of normal subgroups have then the property that two normal subgroups in the same ÜT-system are equivalent under an automorphism of jFn, while normal subgroups in different T-systems are not; but all have factor groups isomorphic to G. In 1954, W. Gaschütz [2] considered in some detail the groups G (p, n) obtained äs follows. Let G ̂ FnIR äs before, and denote by Rv the least normal subgroup of R such that R/Rp is elementary abelian of exponent p, p a prime, and put G (p, n, R) = Fn/Rp. Gaschütz proved (loc. cit. Satz 1.) that when G is finite, G (p, n, R) does not depend on R and, a fortiori, not on the T'-system to which R belongs, so that G (p, n, R) ̂ G(/?, w, S) whenever Fn/R ^ Fn/S is a finite group. This common factor group may therefore simply be denoted by G (p, n). The theorem is remarkable in that recently M. J. Dunwoody) found a finite group G with two representations G g^ FnjR ^ FnjS for which the groups Fn/[R, R] and) Fnl[S, S] are not isomorphic. But these latter are, in a sense, the limits of the groups FnjRp and FnjSp respectively for increasing p (äs Rp = [/?, R] and S p = [£, iS]), and these factor groups are isomorphic in pairs. p It may therefore be worth while pointing out that Gaschütz' theorem implies the following fact:


During wound healing, corneal tissue has to restore its transparency for proper vision. Various cytokines and growth factors are believed to orchestrate cellular behavior in a healing cornea. This review summarizes the roles of 1 such factor, the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a, in the process of wound healing in the cornea. Many studies have shown the anti–transforming growth factor-b activity of TNF-a in cultured cell types. However, it remains unknown whether endogenous TNF-a has such an effect in the in vivo healing cornea. Recently, experiments that used TNF-a– deficient mice clearly showed that loss of TNF-a results in excess inflammation and fibrogenic reaction in response to external stimuli in lung and joint tissue. In the cornea, my group's experiments reveal that the lack of TNF-a potentiates pathogenic excess inflammation, fibrogenic response, and neovascularization in an alkali-burned mouse cornea. We uncovered the principal role of the lack of TNF-a in invaded macrophages, but not in corneal cells, in the development of this phenomenon by using Smad7 gene transfer, bone marrow transplantation, and cell culture experiments. These findings provide additional information for understanding the role of the cytokine network in corneal wound healing. Further studies are needed to determine if anti–TNF-a strategies might be effective in the treatment of ocular surface inflammatory or allergic disorders.


General world knowledge and language development of pre‐kindergarten children from either day care or in‐home care were compared. Sample groups were delimited to English speaking in‐tact middle‐ and upper‐middle class families where parents were college educated professionals. Day care sample had been placed there due to parents' desires to continue careers. Subjects were at least 5, enrolled for Kindergarten in large private schools. Subjects were given the Peabody Individual Achievement Test ‐ Revised with additional questioning and probing and sessions were recorded. ANOVA for General Information and Total Test scores showed no significant differences. A two‐way ANOVA showed that in‐home care boys scored significantly higher. Positive indicators of language development were: complete sentences, complete thoughts, expanded vocabulary, elaboration of ideas, correct word usage, clear speech, logical flow of ideas. Negative indicators: irrelevant statements, nonsensical statements, incorrect word usage, un...


This paper considers a condition-based maintenance model for continuously degrading systems under continuous monitoring. After maintenance, the states of the system are randomly distributed with residual damage. We investigate a realistic maintenance policy, referred to as condition-based availability limit policy, which achieves the maximum availability level of such a system. The optimum maintenance threshold is determined using a search algorithm. A numerical example for a degrading system modeled by a Gamma process is presented to demonstrate the use of this policy in practical applications. � 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.


Introduction D.McIntyre & B.Busse PART I: PRELIMINARIES Analysing Literature Through Language G.Leech Recent Trends in New Historical Stylistics B.Busse Methodologies for Stylistic Analysis: Practices and Pedagogies R.Carter PART II: THE STYLISTICS OF POETRY The Stylistics of Poetry: Walter de la Mare's 'The Listeners' K.Wales Foregrounding W.van Peer A Cognitive Stylistic Reading of Rhetorical Patterns in Ted Hughes's 'Hawk Roosting' P.Verdonk 'The Unprofessionals': Syntactic Iconicity and Reader Interpretation in Contemporary Poems L.Jeffries Text Worlds in Poetry E.Semino Public House Confidence: The Indispensability of Sound Patterns T.Barney PART III: THE STYLISTICS OF DRAMA The Stylistics of Drama: Universal Elements M.Munkelt Dialogue and Characterisation in Quentin Tarantino's 'Reservoir Dogs': A Corpus Stylistic Analysis D.McIntyre 'See Better, Lear?' See Lear Better! A Corpus-Based Pragma-Stylistic Investigation of Shakespeare's King Lear D.Bousfield & D.Archer Activity Types, Incongruity and Humour in Dramatic Discourse D.McIntyre & J.Culpepper PART IV: THE STYLISTICS OF NARRATIVE FICTION The Stylistics of Narrative Fiction D.Shen Authorial Style D.Hoover 2D and 3D Visualization of Stance in Popular Fiction L.L.Opas-Hanninen & T.Seppanen Point of View P.Simpson The Intrinsic Importance of Sentence-Type and Clause-Type to Narrative Effect: Or, How Alice Munro's 'Circle of Prayer' Gets Started M.Toolan Detective Fiction, Plot Construction and Reader Manipulation: Rhetorical Control and Cognitive Misdirection in Agatha Christie's 'Sparkling Cyanide' C.Emmott & M.Alexander Narration and Metaphor M.Fludernik Wmatrix, Key-Concepts and the Narrators in Julian Barnes' 'Talking it Over' B.Walker Writing Presentation, The Epistolary Novel and Free Indirect Thought J.Bray 'Appeased By The Certitude': The Quiet Disintegration of the Paranoid Mind in 'The Mustache' J.Gavins The Eleventh Checksheet of the Apocalypse P.Stockwell Multimodality: Extending the Stylistic Toolkit N.Norgaard Corpus Approaches to Narrative Fiction M.Mahlberg Stylistics, Linguistics and Literature: A Short Afterword G.Hall References Index


Biodegradable thermoplastic poly(ester urethane) (PEU) elastomers containing poly(diethylene glycol succinate) (PDGS) and poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) were synthesized by chain extension of dihydroxyl terminated PDGS and PBS precursors with 4,4′-methylenediphenyl diisocyanate as a chain extender. The structure, molecular weight, and physical properties of the PEUs were investigated by 1H NMR, GPC, DSC, WAXD, DMA, and tensile tests. The results suggest that the compositions affect the physical properties more significantly than the segment lengths. The PEU containing 28.2 wt % PBS showed the best mechanical properties with ultimate strength and elongation at break of 41 MPa and 1503%, respectively. Both the storage modulus and Young's modulus increased significantly with increasing PBS segment content, which was reasonably ascribed to the increasing degree of crystallinity. The hysteresis value increased with PBS segment content while it decreased slightly with lengths of both hard and soft segments, whi...


Centre-of-mass motions of two coupled spherical-cap droplets are considered. A model with surface tension and inertia that accounts for finite-amplitude deformations is derived in closed form. Total droplet volume λ and half-length L of the tube that connects the droplets are the control parameters. The model dynamics reside in the phase-plane. For lens-like droplets λ < 1, and for any L there is a single steady state about which the droplets vibrate with limit-cycle behaviour. For λ>1, the symmetric state loses stability (saddle point) and new antisymmetric steady states arise about which limit-cycle oscillations occur. These mirror states – big-droplet up or big-droplet down – are also stable. In addition, there are large finite-amplitude 'looping' oscillations corresponding to limit cycles that enclose both steady states in the phase-plane. All three kinds of oscillations are documented in an experiment that sets the system into motion by 'kicking' one of the droplets with a prescribed pressure-pulse. Model predictions for frequencies are consistent with observations. Small-amplitude predictions are placed in the wider context of constrained Rayleigh vibrations. A model extension to account for the small but non-negligible influence of viscosity is also presented.


We present a method of target detection against strong light based on gate viewing. In this method, a nanosecond-scale gate shutter is used to control the exposure time of CCD and reduce the collection of obtrusive light, and a nanosecond-scale pulsed laser is used to illuminate targets and increase signal energy. By matching them, the ratio between signal and obtrusive light will be significantly improved to detect targets against light disturbance. We have analyzed the method in theory, and performed it in experiment. In addition, a stroboscopic time sequence is used, and the setting of temporal parameters is also discussed.


The Median Tectonic Line active fault system is an about 360-km-long right-lateral strike-slip fault system composed of several active segments. Several researchers have presented segmentation models on the basis of fault geometry and faulting history. However, very few studies so far been made to understand the genesis of segment boundary with a consideration of the 3-D fault geometry system of a long strike-slip fault system. We conducted precise gravity survey and seismic reflection survey to assess 3-D fault geometry and segmentation of the Median Tectonic Line active fault system. A prominent low gravity anomaly in the southwestern Matsuyama Plain is recognized. This low gravity anomaly region reflects a half -graben structure of the basement. Thick sediments filling the graben inferred from the seismic reflection survey across the low gravity anomaly region. The Iyo, Shigenobu, Kitakata, and Kawakami faults surround the low gravity anomaly region. The Iyo and Kawakami faults in these faults array depict an extensional right overstep. The Shigenobu and Kitakata faults within the overstep area may have faulted mainly with vertical displacement in the southern part, as reactivation of existing fault that occurred during Late Cretaceous to Paleogene. This fact indicates that these faults are secondary fault accompanied by the formation of pull-apart basin. We, presently, lack of data that connect activity of these active faults with formation process of the low gravity anomaly region, even though above mentioned facts demonstrate that these active


Autistic individuals experience significantly higher rates of sleep problems compared to the general population, which negatively impacts various aspects of daytime functioning. The strength of associations across domains of functioning has not yet been summarized across studies. The present meta‐analysis examined the strength of associations between sleep problems and various domains of daytime functioning in autistic individuals. Searches were conducted in EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar through May 2020. Inclusion criteria were: an index of sleep disturbance in individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD); data collected prior to any sleep‐related intervention; statistical data indicating relations between sleep problems and outcomes relevant to behavior, cognition, and physical or mental health. Exclusion criteria were: statistics characterizing the relationship between sleep disturbance and outcome variables that partialled out covariates; studies examining correlations between different measures of sleep disturbance. Participants totaled 15,074 from 49 published articles and 51 samples, yielding 209 effect sizes. Sleep problems were significantly associated with more clinical symptomatology and worse daytime functioning. Subgroup analyses demonstrated that sleep problems were most strongly associated with internalizing and externalizing symptoms and executive functioning, followed by core autism symptoms, family factors, and adaptive functioning. Findings highlight the far‐reaching consequences of sleep problems on daytime functioning for autistic individuals and support the continued prioritization of sleep as a target for intervention through integrated care models to improve wellbeing.


According to the present English teaching situation,this essag from the three main reading teaching methods:intensive reading,extensive reading and loud reading,Points out how to improve college English reading teaching efficiency.


OBJECTIVE:To provide praticable and feasible competition strategy for reference of Chinese pharmaceutical enterprises METHODS:On the basis of domestic pharmaceutical enterprises,the external circumstances and current situation of the pharmaceutical enterprises were analysed in detail RESULTS CONCLUSION:Our pharmaceutical enterprises have both chance and challenge under the conditions of market economy Only through creativity integration of science and technology,management,organization,fields and marketing can Chinese pharmaceutical enterprises be in an invulnerable position in competition


The Global warming in the world cause to the climate change in this century. Agriculture is one of the sectors that can be most affected by climate change. Agricultural production is affected by precipitation and temperature variables. Due to the changes in these two parameters, the increase in the temperatures and the changes in the amount of precipitation in parallel with this disrupt the ecological balance and bring along the problems of desertification and drought. Agricultural production is highly dependent on meteorological factors in Thrace region. For this reason, it is expected that changes in climatic factors will affect the agriculture of the region positively or negatively. The aim of this study is to determine the frequency and severity of meteorological and agricultural drought with two indexes between 1963-2019 years in Kırklareli province. Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) was used to determine monthly, seasonal, six monthly and annual agricultural drought. According to annual agricultural drought results, it was calculated ten years mild arid (1969, 1985, 1986, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 2011, 2016, and 2019), five years moderate arid (1983, 1989, 1996, 2008, and 2015), one year severe arid (1994), and two years extreme arid (2000 and 2001). Another drought index which is Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) was used to determine meteorological drought. According to annual meteorological drought results, Eight years mild arid (1964, 1969, 1982, 1985, 1986, 1990, 1991, and 2011), seven years moderate arid (1983, 1989, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1996, and 2008), and two years extreme arid (2000, 2001) was figured out. According to linear correlation analysis, a good correlation was obtained for SPI and SPEI values, between annual, six monthly (Spring-Summer), and three monthly only winter and spring periods (R2=0.871, R2=0.901, R2=0.974, and R2=0.919), respectively. In the 57-year observation period; 18 years were determined as the arid year with SPEI index and 67% of these total arid years (12 arid years) occurred and 17 years were determined as the arid year with SPI index and 76% of these total arid years (13 arid years) occurred, between 1982 and 2002 years. The SPEI drought index which use precipitation, temperature and evapotranspiration data could give much good results to policy makers in drought mitigation policies in terms of giving results that are more accurate in agricultural production and drought assessments.


The oral route is the most preferred route, though preoral administration of drug has disadvantage like hepatic first pass metabolism and enzymatic degradation within the GI tract however trans mucosal routes of drug delivery ( i.e. Mucosal lining of nasal, rectal, vaginal, ocular, & oral cavities) offer distinct advantage over preoral administration because mucosa are permeable and well supplied with vascular and lymphatic drainage. Their other advantages include bypass of first pass effects and avoidance of pre-systematic elimination within GI tract. The present investigation highlights the formulation and evaluation of matrix type mouth dissolving films of Aripiprazole, prepared by solvent evaporation technique using Hydroxy propyl Methyl Cellulose (HPMC) - 3 cps. The formulated films were evaluated for their physiochemical parameters like mouth dissolving time, surface pH, thickness & weight of the films, PMA, PML, folding endurance, taste, drug content, stability and in vitro bioequivalence. In vitro release studies were also performed in solutions of different pH. The mouth dissolving film was found to be bioequivalent to the conventional solid dosage form of Aripiprazole.


Tumors become especially dangerous after they induce blood vessel growth, because the new blood vessels can not only carry oxygen and nutrition that further facilitate tumor growth but also act as passages for tumor cells to spread to other sites of the body. Thus tumor growth can be divided into two phases: avascular and vascular growth. We present two simple mathematical models, 1) to understand the mechanism behind the growth saturation of avascular tumors by investigating two different hypotheses, and 2) to predict the growth of tumor around blood vessels, or perivascular cuffs. Avascular tumor models have been studied extensively, either on a macro-level chemical distribution[2] or on a microscopic cellular level, and recently both[3]. Although almost all studies reach similar conclusions that avascular tumor can only grow up to a limited size, the saturation mechanisms that are assumed in different models are not the same. We will use a continuous macroscopic-level model to investigate how growth of avascular tumor is related to the chemical concentrations in the environment that tumor lives in. In order to simplify the model, we only consider two cell status, proliferating and necrotic, and only oxygen for the chemical environment. Oxygen concentration distribution is governed by the diffusion-consumption equation


Vibration energy harvesters (VEHs) convert mechanical energy of unpowered freight wagons into electricity and unlock more smart devices to improve operating conditions. In this paper, the nut-screw-based mechanically-driven VEHs (MD-VEHs) along with several mechanical motion rectifiers (MMRs) are proposed and compared in nonlinear railway freight system. Firstly, the working principles of harvesters with non-MMR, half-wave and full-wave MMRs are researched, and equivalent circuit models are established to better reveal the engagement and disengagement of one-way clutches, followed by the integrated model of wagon-harvester system which studies the suspension vibration response and assesses harvester performance. The harvester equivalent circuit model is validated on a horizontal test bench, and presents a good consistency with test data. In addition, the effects of harvester equivalent damping and inertia on performance are explored systematically. The analysis results indicate that full-wave MMR presents the best power performance under the same parameter configuration. The increase of flywheel inertia will decrease the power generation capacity of non-MMR configuration, but further enhance those of half-wave and full-wave MMRs and narrow the performance gap between both. This analysis based on system coupling will be instructive for the engineering design and application of railway VEHs.


Mantle xenoliths occur widely in some strata of Cenozoic basalts in Changbaishan mountains, Jilin province. Sulfide phases are usually found in olivine and pyroxene of lherzolite, which can be identified into three typies: early sulfide grains, sulfide-melt inclusions and sulfides in fractures. Sulfide-melt inclusions occur as single-phase sulfide, sulfide-silicate melt, or C02-sulfide-silicate melt inclusions. Early sulfide grains are mainly composed of pyrrhotite, but cubanite was found occasionally. Sulfide-melt inclusions are mainly composed of pentlandite, with small amounts of chalcopyrite and talnakhite. Sulfides in fractures are pentlan-dite without exception, which have higher Ni/Fe and (Fe+Ni)/S (molar ratio) than those of sulfide inclusions. Ni/Fe and (Fe+Ni)/S are gradually increased from early grains, sulfide inclusions to sulfides in fractures. These changes were not only controlled by temperatures and pressures, but by geochemistry of Ni, Fe and Cu, and sulfur fugacity as well.


Abstract This study summarizes attitudes toward intensive athletic competition for high school girls as expressed by administrators, teachers, and parents. A 70-item attitude scale constructed by a combination of the Thurstone and Likert methods was submitted to the respondents. The study population was composed of respondents from (1) some Iowa communities which sponsor intensive athletic competition for high school girls; (2) some Iowa communities which do not sponsor such competition; and (3) some Illinois communities where team competition for girls on the inter-school basis is not sanctioned. In general, administrators and teachers in all three groups were much less favorable to intensive competition than were parents and coaches.


Previous studies argued that indigenous environmental knowledge was only part of local wisdom and tended to pay attention to the threat of its extinction. Indigenous environmental knowledge has not yet received recognition as an alternative perspective in dealing with the complexities of environmental management and climate change, along with the dominance of the western paradigm and current knowledge systems. This study aims to assemble the indigenous environmental knowledge systems of fisheries from communities along the coast of Lembata Island to assist in the conservation of marine ecosystems. Desk studies were used for information gathering, and the results were analyzed within the Ecosystem-based Adaptation (EbA) framework. Our results indicate that local communities in Lembata island have Muro as a temporary closure measure to manage coastal resources initiated by indigenous people that are valuable for the local people and simultaneously benefit the coastal ecosystem, including biodiversity. The results have implications for considering indigenous environmental knowledge to maintain the balance and continuity of coastal ecosystems and the main foundation in natural resource management.


The enactment of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA) reaffirmed federal policy that supports the leveraging of federal transportation trust funds by state and local governments. In particular, ISTEA eased restrictions on the use of federal dollars for the construction of toll roads and their use with private monies. These programmatic changes increased state opportunities to stretch available transportation resources and to link transportation investments to economic development objectives. The use of federal funds in conjunction with other transportation dollars is not new. However, for the most part, states and localities developed such projects on an ad hoc or demonstration basis. For example, Montana, New York, and Ohio are pursuing new cost-sharing arrangements with the private sector and local governments. California is constructing new toll roads financed with private dollars. As the demand for construction, reconstruction, and maintenance of the nations transportation system continues to outspace available resources, leveraging public transportation dollars becomes more imperative.


This cytochemical and electron microscopic study on peritoneal macrophages of the guinea pig has raised doubts concerning the validity of lead methods for the demonstration of plasma membrane-bound adenosine triphosphatase activity. The problems encountered are inherent in the use of lead ions as a capture reagent. The nonenzymatically formed precipitates reflect sites of heterogeneous nucleation specific for certain kinds of cells, e.g., resident peritoneal macrophages, eosinophilic granulocytes and, to a lesser degree, exudate monocytes. This type of precipitation is also catalyzed on the surface of nonbiologic matrices such as latex particles. Enzymatic processes may well occur, but they cannot be distinguished from nonenzymatic processes.


We will summarize some aspects of the scenario of a strongly interacting symmetry breaking sector via which the longitudinal vector boson scattering becomes strong. We will examine the feasibility of observing such strong $W_L W_L$ signal at the future hadronic supercolliders.


Multivariate observations obtained from chemical and biological experiments often relate several responses to a common set of parameters. In several fields of application, the response functions can be put in the form of a general multivariate linear model, which originates from the analysis of growth curves. System overdetermination is frequently encountered with this model because the number of variables that can be directly measured is larger than the number needed for full identification of the system. These measured variables usually satisfy certain equality constraints, which may come from material balances, for example. The covariate adjustment technique is particularly useful in the analysis of multiresponse models when the responses are related by equality constraints and the covariates are associated with these constraints. Methods to select covariates and criteria to evaluate the results are presented and applied to a set of experimental data. The technique yields maximum likelihood estimates o...


This paper studies the role the women played in ancient Nabataean society in particular in legal, political and social life, in reference to some epigraphic and archaeological evidences. Most of the information concerning Nabataean society come from GraceoRoman written resources and were not always unbiased. Therefore, the epigraphic and archaeological resources provide us with new information that leads us to a better understanding of the Nabataean woman in politics, ritual activities, social life, costumes and jewelry and her property rights. WOMAN IN THE NABATAEAN SOCIETY Mahdi Alzoubi, Eyad al Masri and Fardous al Ajlouny Hashemite University, Queen Rania Institute of Tourism and Heritage, Zarqa, Jordan Corresponding author: Mahdi Alzoubi (firstname.lastname@example.com) Received: 5/5/2012 Accepted:30/7/2012


An application for making the shared use of a media system (100), including a television (140), more fun while democratizing the decision making process among the users, and involving the users more closely in the television experience. In one aspect, control of the media system is granted to one of the users in a group based on, e.g., personal information of the users (335), a game (340), a vote (345), an arbitrary selection (350), or the first user to respond to a prompt (355). In another aspect, the application automatically initiates a vote (415) in which the users vote for a desired channel, and the application switches the television to the channel that received the most votes (440). In another aspect, users are allotted a balance of commands (500), and the remaining balance of commands is tracked (510) and displayed (515) on the television.


Crossover from individual Rabi dynamics to collective Josephson dynamics in two-coupled Bose–Einstein condensates is studied as a phase transition process. We obtain the critical value of the parameter Λ (ratio of the mean field energy to the tunneling matrix element) for the π-phase oscillations from the non-linear perturbation expansion of small oscillations around the saddle point of the first-order Euclidean (imaginary time) differential equations for polar and azimuthal angles θ and ϕ without approximation.


Performance studies of mostly 21 kV distribution surge arresters were conducted through field surveys and laboratory tests at Ontario Hydro. Surveys indicate moisture ingress to be the most widespread cause of arrester failures. In laboratory tests of complete units, only 25% survived the required 65 kA discharge current and about 50%, a special 20 kA duty-cycle test, indicating a need for development of standard production tests. In mode-of-failure tests, substantial hazards were found to exist. Explosion-proof arrester designs do provide some degree of improvement, but more effective solutions could be realized with suitable fault-current clearing devices. The use of fuses for this purpose shows some promise, and so does a fault-clearing ground-lead disconnector, currently under development.


For a complex manifold $X$ the ring of microdifferential operators $\E_X$ acts on the microlocalization $\mu hom(F,\O_X)$, for $F$ in the derived category of sheaves on $X$. Kashiwara, Schapira, Ivorra, Waschkies proved, as a byproduct of their new microlocalization functor for ind-sheaves, $\mu_X$, that $\mu hom(F,\O_X)$ can in fact be defined as an object of the derived category of $\E_X$-modules: this follows from the fact that $\mu_X \O_X$ is concentrated in one degree. In this paper we prove that the tempered microlocalization also is an object of the derived category of $\E_X$-modules. Since we don't know whether the tempered version of $\mu_X \O_X$ is concentrated in one degree, we introduce a method to build suitable resolutions for which the action of $\E_X$ is realized in the category of complexes. We define a version of the de Rham algebra on the subanalytic site which is quasi-injective and we work in the category of dg-modules over this de Rham algebra instead of the derived category of sheaves.


It has been proposed that photodynamic therapy (PDT) can inactivate microbial cells. A range of photosensitizers and light sources were reported as well as different fluence parameters and dye concentrations. However, much more knowledge regarding to the role of fluences, irradiation time and irradiance are required for a better understanding of the photodynamic efficiency. The aims of this study were to investigate the role of light parameters on the photoinactivation of yeast cells, and compare cell survivors in different growing phases following PDT. To perform this study, a suspension (106cfu/mL) of Candida albicans ATCC-90028 was used in log and stationary-phase. Three irradiances 100mW/cm2, 200mW/cm2 and 300mW/cm2 were compared under 3min, 6min and 9min of irradiation, resulting in fluences of 18, 36, 54, 72,108 and 162J/cm2. The light source used was a laser emitting at 660nm with output power of 30, 60 and 90mW. As photosensitizer, 100μΜ methylene blue was used. PDT was efficient against yeast cells (6 log reduction) in log and stationary-phase. Neither photosensitizer nor light alone presented any reduction of cell viability. The increase of irradiance and time of irradiation showed a clearly improvement of cell photoinactivation. Interestingly, the same fluences in different irradiances presented dissimilar effects on cell viability. The irradiance and time of irradiation are important in PDT efficiency. Fluence per se is not the best parameter to compare photoinativation effects on yeast cells. The growing-phases presented the same susceptibility under C. albicans photoinactivation.


With the use of a simple sulfur-olefin ligand, a highly enantioselective rhodium-catalyzed addition of arylboroxines to N,N-dimethylsulfamoyl-protected aldimines has been achieved, allowing access to a broad range of chiral diarylmethylamines in high yields (up to 98%) with uniformly excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99% ee). This catalyst system is also applicable to the arylation of N-tosyl arylimines. By utilizing this method, some biologically active molecules possessing a chiral 1-aryl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline core such as Solifenacin and (S)-(+)-Cryptostyline II are facilely constructed.


Designing for trust requires identification of the sometimes subtle manner in which trust can be embedded in a system. Defining trust as the intersection of privacy, security and reliability can enable or simplify the identification of trust as embedded in a technical design. Yet while this definition simplifies, it also illuminates a sometimes overlooked problem. Because privacy is an element of trust, purely operational definitions of trust are inadequate for developing systems to enable humans to extend trust across the network. Privacy is both operational (in the sharing of data) and internal (based on user perception of privacy). Designing trust metrics for the next generation Internet, and indeed implementing designs that embed trust, requires an understanding of not only the technical nuances of security but also the human subtleties of trust perception.


As models calculated by dynamic coefficients are constrained by small disturbance assumption,a new method of identifying missile body models is proposed.This method is based on Hartley modulating functions and Least Squares.According to the response for several kinds of signal,the transfer functions of an anti-tank missile are identified in roll and pitch channels and are later validated by 6-degree-of-freedom trajectory simulation model.The results show that models obtained by the new method are more accurate than that calculated by dynamic coefficients,and are not constrained by small disturbance assumption.This method can be widely used in axial symmetric missiles.


A novel series of indeno-benzothiazepine derivatives was synthesised via a "green" route. Synthesis of these compounds involves the treatment of dinucleophiles such as 2-aminobenzenethiols with α,β-unsaturated ketones in poly(oxyethylene) (poly(ethylene glycol), PEG-400) catalysed by acetic acid. The synthone α,β-unsaturated ketones were obtained by Claisen-Schmidt condensation of indan-1-one with substituted pyrazole-2-carbaldehydes prompted by bleaching earth (pH 12.5) as catalyst and PEG-400 as "green" reaction solvent. Screening of all the synthesised compounds for antimicrobial activity revealed that most of these compounds exhibited moderate to significant antimicrobial activity.


The problem of depreciation in retroactive regulation, 546. — Principle of replacement cost discussed, 547. — Absurdity of using replacement cost new, 549. — Objections to deduction of depreciation answered, 552. — Depreciation under the principle of original cost, 555.


Surface electrode from the resin layer to provide a manufacturing method of peeling hard resin multilayer substrate and the resin multilayer substrate. Resin multilayer substrate 1 is provided with component-embedded layer (first resin layer) 20, component-embedded layer (first resin layer) 20 thin layer resin layer that is laminated on one surface of a (second resin layer) 30. Thin layer resin layer 30, the surface electrode 34 to the surface that is laminated on the component-embedded layer 20 is formed on the opposite side is provided with the component-embedded layer 20, one side of one end component built layer 20 via conductors leading to the (first via conductor) 23, it is provided with a thin layer resin layer 30, one end of the surface electrode 34, via conductor and the other end is connected respectively electrically the via conductor 23 (second further comprising a via conductor) 33. Some of the thin layer resin layer 30 in contact with the via conductor 33 forms a shape 35 that protrudes into the interior of the via conductors 23.


With people's living standards increasing,people in the catering side of a growing proportion of the consumption of the food requirements of the environment is gradually improving.The dining room designed as a dining environment shaped the way,through their own environment designed to meet a higher level of spiritual and cultural needs.The theme of the dining room is designed around a theme or idea to highlight some elements of the dining room for the overall environment for planning,catering to meet customer demand for the environment


O ver seventy-five scholars from all over the world gathered in Oxford in March to present their research and to discuss similarities and differences in the ever-evolving intertwined historical fields focusing on courts, monarchs and nobilities. Although the conference was organised by an European Research Council funded project at Oxford University ("The Jagiellonians: Dynasty, Memory and Identity"), the focus was far from centred only on Poland and east European states governed by that remarkable dynasty. Participants came from as far afield as California and India, with research interests ranging from medieval Scandinavia to China under the Mongols. The keynote speakers who began and concluded the conference were perfectly chosen to reflect this diversity. Jeroen Duindam (Leiden), as usual, delivered a broad-ranging talk full of stimulating illustrations drawn from his recent book (Dynasties: A Global History of Power, –), that demonstrated that dynasties across the early modern world shared many characteristics. Duindam offered three concise thinking points about dynasticism: that it can be divided roughly into two systems (concentrated or diffuse); that legitimacy was a concern shared by all ruling families; and that Europe did seem to have an exceptionalism (a 'Sonderweg') that made its dynasties distinct (mainly monogamy and primogeniture). Craig Clunas (Oxford) then helped draw in several points from the conference for further discussion, notably what exactly was meant by a dynasty in historical terms, and whether the study of dynasties is useful to the historian. As a Chinese specialist, his talk was particularly convincing, coming from a historical field in which 'dynasty' defines almost everything about a period, rightly or wrongly. His conclusion was that we can use such a term meaningfully, but that it must also be seen as fluid and changeable, and that 'trans-dynasticism' is equally valid. A third keynote speaker, Paula Sutter Fichtner (CUNY/Brooklyn College), gave a detailed account of how a dynasty functioned from the inside, by discussing the private correspondence of three Habsburg siblings in the sixteenth century: Charles V, Archduke Ferdinand, and their sister Mary, Queen of Hungary and governor of the Low Countries. Their letters (over ,) are a treasure to historians who often are forced to rely only on the public face of dynasty. It would be impossible to summarise the variety of papers given across the three days (in part because there were parallel sessions, so much was missed!). Scholars ranged from 'old hands' to postgraduates, and, of the topics covered, some were broad and theoretical, and others quite tightly focused. David Potter (Kent) for example, presented a fascinating survey of dynasticism in France across the period. In contrast, Karin Friedrich (Aberdeen) examined the survival strategies of a single family, a single man even, Prince Bogusław Radziwiłł, whose balancing act between Prussia and Poland, Lutheranism and Catholicism, serves as an excellent model for the flexibility of border elites in this period.


At 06:34 (CST) on Nov.18, 2017, an M6.9 earthquake occurred in the Mainling County, Nyingchi Region of Xizang Autonomous Region, China. The epicenter is located at 95.02°E, 29.75°N and the focal depth is about 10 km (Figure 1). The epicenter is about 100 km from the Mainling County. The average elevation within 5 km is about 3100 m. This earthquake has caused widespread concern among members of government, research institutions, and public media.


HROUGHOUT history man has sought supplies T of food and water which, whilst providing -~adequate nutrition, cause the least degree and number of undesirable effects. Only during the last century has this search been conducted on some scientific basis; prior to this, empirical trial and error was the only method available. In the past fifty years the advantages of analytical and biological techniques have become apparent, enabling the basis of nutrition to be


This study aims to explore the asymmetry in oil price shocks and its effect on the economic policy uncertainty of Pakistan using NARDL model. The findings reveal a long-run equilibrium relationship between the economic policy uncertainty and oil price shocks. Moreover, the findings show the asymmetric relationship between oil price shocks and economic policy uncertainty in the short and long run. The findings are important for investors looking to invest in Pakistan and the policymakers and regulators.


This paper describes the philosophy of Artificial Adaptive Systems and compares it with natural language, revealing some striking parallels. Artificial sciences create models of reality, but their ability to approximate the 'real world' determines their effectiveness and usefulness. This paper provides a clear understanding of the expectations created by the use of this technology, an evaluation of the complexities involved, and expresses the necessity of continuing with an open mind to unexpected and still unknown potentials. Supervised and unsupervised networks are described here.


The biparietal diameter and area of the fetal skull, and the area of the fetal thorax, were measured by ultrasonic scanning in 68 patients in the seven days prior to delivery. These parameters and various expressions based on the skull and thoracic areas were related to birth weight. It was concluded that the skull and thoracic areas multiple (STAM) index was a more efficient predictor of birth weight than the biparietal diameter.


These are the proceedings of the International Conference on Functional Materials and Nanotechnology (FMN2012), held on the 19 and 20th May, 2012, in Zhengzhou, P.R. China. They focus on Functional Materials and Nanotechnology. The peer-reviewed papers are divided into Chapter 1: Advanced Materials Engineering and Nanotechnology; Chapter 2: Nanotechnology, Mechanics and Materials Science; Chapter 3: Materials Applications, Green Chemistry and Mining Engineering; and, Chapter 4: Materials, Biotechnology, Manufacturing Engineering and Environment.


In this work, archive 1.4 and 4.86 GHz radio continuum data from the Very Large Array were re-reduced and, together with the 1.4 GHz maps from the NRAO VLA Sky Survey, investigated for the presence of detectable, nonthermal continuum radio emission that could be associated with the tidal dwarf galaxy (TDG) candidates in HCG 26, 91, and 96. Radio emission highly coincident with the optical and Hα emission maxima of the TDG candidate HCG 91i (estimated physical separation of less than 150 pc) was revealed. Should this emission be intrinsic to this object, it would imply the presence of a magnetic field as strong as 11–16 μG—comparable to that found in the most radio-luminous, star-forming dwarf galaxies of non-tidal origin. However, the star formation rate derived for this object using the radio flux is about two orders of magnitude higher than the one estimated from the Hα data. Analysis of the auxiliary radio, ultraviolet, and infrared data suggests that either the radio emission originates in a background object with an aged synchrotron spectrum (possibly a GHz-peaked source), or the estimate is lower due to the fact that it traces the most recent star formation, while most of the detected radio emission originated when what is known as HCG 91i was still a part of its parent galaxy. The latter scenario is supported by a very large stellar mass derived from 3.6 to 4.5 μm data, implying a high star formation rate in the past.


Recognizing objects in videos is one of the important technologies to search a large amount of videos efficiently on the Web. Recently, generic object recognition has been actively studied for still images, but almost not for videos. As for the generic object recognition in a video, it is important to use both the shape features and the motion features obtained from multiple frames in the video efficiently. In this paper, we propose spatio-temporal CoHOG (Co-occurrence Histograms of Oriented Gradients) features. This is an extension of CoHOG features that provide a high performance for pedestrian detection and others. The spatio-temporal CoHOG features are co-occurrence histograms of oriented spatio-temporal gradients in local regions in a video. In the recognition, a BoF (Bag of Features) representation and a kernel SVM are employed. We conducted an experiment on 1,000 videos including 10 categories collected from the Web. The experimental results showed the effectiveness of the spatio-temporal CoHOG features compared with conventional optical flow features and SIFT features.


The trivalent lanthanide ions are chemically similar to Ca(II) ions, making them useful Ca analogs for a multitude of applications. In addition, Ln(III) ions are efficient catalysts of hydrolysis due to their much stronger Lewis acidity relative to Ca(II) ions. Ln-binding peptides thus offer both the opportunity to study known Ca sites as well as to explore new biological functions with an entire family of spectroscopically rich and reac- tive ions. This review discusses Ln-binding peptides in


Abstract; he increasing of juvenile aggressive behavior in Malendeng penitentiary house of Manado city is cause by their incapable to solve their problems. Juvenile inmates are mostly easy get irritated when being humiliate by bad words or mocking done by fellow inmate and burst into anger when being provoked and also no remorse is shown when doing a mistake. The inmate will very much angry when their will is being against, they felt worthless and stubborn, and there's grudge and urge to take revenge for bad things happen to other around them. Type of this research is experimental research with vague treatment design (Quasi Experimental), by pre-test and post-test group design. Number of sample is 50 respondents which being choose with a simple random sampling. Measurement of aggressive behavior alteration is using Agitated Behavior Scale (ABS) questioner from Ohio State University in Colombus. This analysis is using T test assessment. The result of analysis on aggressive behavior in pre-test shows that 36 respondents (72%) experiencing mid aggression while within penitentiary house and 6 respondents (12%) experiencing heavy aggression. After giving a mental guidance to those juvenile inmates, a significant change occurs. This being found in post-test result which shows 46 respondents (92%) not experiencing aggression and only small part of them which is 4 respondents (8%) still experiencing mild aggression while mid and heavy aggression is being solved. Conclusion of statistic assessment result of T test then point out a hypothetical result P= 0, 00 < 0, 05 which means Ha is accepted. This result then reveals the effect giving a mental guidance to juvenile inmates toward to declining aggressive behavior. Suggestion that hopefully the juvenile inmates in Malendeng penitentiary house of Manado city, can apply the mental guidance given to them. Keywords: mental guidance, aggressive behavior


AbstractThis summer, over 2000 activists, politicians and policymakers gathered in Caracas with the aim of reinserting the debt back in the debate on Latin American development.


TO THE EDITOR: We agree with the statements made by Ferraris et al. concerning technique, possible causes of relapse and long-term outcome in argon plasma coagulation (APC) treatment of Barrett's esophagus (BE). As discussed in our paper [1], we think that the completeness of BE eradication is mainly determined by the coagulation technique applied, and that better results can possibly be obtained by using a higher-power setting. However, since we performed APC eradication of BE as an outpatient technique, a power of 60 W was used as a compromise between safety and efficacy of the method. In this respect, the results of the recent paper by Dr. Ferraris's group [2] are very interesting, since their technique, applying a relatively low power of only 40 W, but defining and meticulously documenting the extent and localization of BE as well as of the APC therapy, yields much better results than ours over a comparatively long observation period (36 versus 30 months; recurrence rates 18% versus 66%). Our statement that shortand long-term results of ablation therapy can be improved by an optimization of the technique is supported by their study. However, whether BE recurrences are in fact primarily due to incomplete eradication and regrowth from buried specialized epithelium needs to be debated. In our opinion, another important factor to ensure long-term efficacy of APC coagulation in BE is continuing efficient acid suppression either by proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy or by laparoscopic fundoplication. With one exception, all patients in our study were treated with daily PPIs. So far, the duration of this therapy is not clear; however, it must be assumed that it has to be scheduled indefinitely, since otherwise BE may recur, probably as a de novo event. Since we did not follow-up our patients in a tight schedule, compliance concerning the regular intake of the medication was a major problem, because of either the patients' carelessness or the reluctance of general practitioners to prescribe the medication because of questionable reimbursement. Similar problems also seem to play a role in the study of Ferraris et al. [2]: recurrence rates of BE were 19.7% after 3 years and 56.2% after 5 years in patients treated medically, as compared with only 4.9% and 23.6% in the patients treated with laparoscopic fundoplication. Therefore, we think that not only must we standardize the endoscopic ablation technique, but even more importantly, we must establish strategies to prevent the continuing exposure of the newly formed squamous epithelium to gastric acid as a prevention against BE recurrence.