In this paper,some of the microwave techniques used in plasma diagnostic systems on nuclear fusion device HL-2A tokamak are introduced.The basic principle,the circuits of every microwave diagnostic system and the measurement results in discharge are systematically presented.The electron temperature and its fluctuations of the main plasma are measured by electron cyclotron emission(ECE).The temporal and spatial resolution are up to 4 ms(swept frequency) or 1μs(single frequency)and 3cm respectively.The electron temperature range of the system is from 10ev to 10kev.With the microwave reflectometry,we can study the density profile,rotation and fluctuation of the plasma.The temporal resolution and the spatial resolution are 1ms and 1cm respectively.The average density of plasma in the diverter of the HL-2A tokamak is measured by microwave interferometer with 0.1ms temporal resolution.


Does information have mass? This question has been asked many times and there are many answers even on the Internet, including on Yahoo Answers. Usually the answer is "no". Attempts have been made to assess the physical mass of information by estimating the mass of electrons feeding the power-guzzling computers and devices making up the Internet, the result being around 50 gram. Other efforts to calculate the mass of information have assumed that each electron involved in signal transfer carries one bit of information, which makes the corresponding mass to be about 10^–5 gram. The difference between the two mass estimates is partially caused by the low energy efficiency of computers. We address the fundamental question of minimum mass related to a bit of information from the angles of quantum physics and special relativity. Our results indicate that there are different answers depending on the physical situation, and sometimes the mass can even be negative. We tend to be skeptical about the earlier mass estimations, mentioned above, because our results indicate that the electron's mass does not play a role in any one of them.


This chapter reveals that even secular-minded thinkers like Max Weber and Jürgen Habermas were or are now sensitive to such claims discussed in the previous chapter. Weber understood secularization as an inevitable by-product of modernity, but he was aware that modernization came at a price and a steep one. The diminishment and privatization of religion entailed a loss that Weber acknowledged with ambivalence and melancholy. Once religion was consigned to its corner, he anguished, what remained to guide human beings through life but "the steel hard cage" of economic rationality? Habermas, once a firm secularizer, has come to a similar realization: that the "communicative rationality" so central to his vision might, in its rejection of final truths, create an enervating "normative deficit."


Evaluating the perception of thermal environment in naturally ventilated schools in a warm and humid climate in Nigeria C Munonye and Y Ji This work is part of the main research work that pioneers research on thermal comfort in public primary school classrooms in Nigeria. The findings from this study on the acceptable indoor temperatures in naturally ventilated classrooms in the warm and humid climate in Nigeria are important information for building services engineers and architects. The young children in these classrooms can accept high indoor temperatures. The intention of this information is to discourage high energy usage in heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) system in primary school buildings in the study area, while maintaining the acceptable thermal comfort levels.


In this article, the problem of energy-to-peak filtering problem is studied for a class of continuous-time semi-Markov jump systems with mismatched modes. We consider the scenario where the mode of the system is not always instantaneously accessible and mismatches the mode of the filter. To cope with this asynchronous phenomenon, we introduce a hidden semi-Markov model and use a stochastic process as a switching signal of the filter to observe the system modes. By the Lyapunov function approach and linear matrix inequality method, sufficient conditions are developed to ensure the filtering error dynamics is stable with a prescribed energy-to-peak performance index. Two examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed design technique.


As a parent involved at Lucindale Area School, and on behalf of Lucindale Area School and the community, I gladly accept this award and thank SPERA for choosing our school to be the winner of this award. What has happened at Lucindale Area School definitely enhances education and does demonstrate a commitment towards advancing the positive aspects of rural education. This award acknowledges the success we have achieved in solving our initial problems, it also acknowledges the very hard work carried out by our Principal, staff, parents, students and community members. Lucindale is as the name implies, a school comprising of students from reception through to year 12. Our current enrolments are around 270. There are just over 70 secondary students. It is situated in the small rural township of Lucindale, a population of about 490 people. The nearest town is Naracoorte with a population of 5,000 - 42 kilometres away). Our largest closest regional town is Mt. Gambier, 120 kilometres away with a population of 23000. So we are very small and very rural.


A 1-harmonic map flow equation, a gradient system of total variation where values of unknowns are constrained in a compact manifold in R^N is formulated by use of subd-ifferentials of a singular energy - the total variation. An abstract convergence result is established to show that solutions of approximate problem converge to a solution of the limit problem. As an application of our convergence result a local-in-time solution of 1-harmonic map flow equation is constructed as a limit of the solutions of p-harmonic (p > 1) map flow equation, when the initial data is smooth with small total variation under periodic boundary condition.


Purpose: To develop a computational model for predicting the fluid production and flow, and intraocular pressure (IOP) following glaucoma surgery. Methods: To help elucidate the interplay of physical factors controlling the distribution and absorption of aqueous humor in sub-conjunctival tissue, and tissue remodeling, a computational model is developed to predict the fluid production in the eye and removal via the trabecular/uveoscleral pathways, and the surgical pathway. This surgical pathway is then linked to a porous medium computational model of a fluid bleb positioned within the sub-conjunctival tissue. The computational analysis is centered on typical functioning bleb geometry found in a human eye following glaucoma surgery. A parametric study is conducted to study the changes in fluid absorption by the sub-conjunctival blood vessels, changes in hydraulic conductivity due to scarring, and changes in bleb size and shape, and the eye outflow facility. Results: The model was found to be compatible with clinical observations in a number of key ways, specifically the variation of IOP, bleb size and shape and correlation between sites of predicted maximum interstitial fluid pressure and key features observed in blebs. Scar tissue reduces the ability of a bleb to control IOP. An increase in hydraulic conductivity lowers IOP. By changing the height and width of the functioning bleb, IOP and tissue pressure could be compared in the context of bleb size. There is an optimum bleb size and shape, which would avoid excessive scar formation but keep IOP in an acceptable range Conclusion: the small, thick wall blebs are likely to be ineffective at allowing fluid to move into and be absorbed by tissue. These results suggest that small blebs expose tissue to high pressures, particularly directly above the bleb, inducing an ischemic tissue remodeling response, a reduction of hydraulic conductivity and an elevation of IOP. On the other hand, large blebs are less likely to undergo this remodeling process but may lead to hypotonic eyes. This model should contribute to a more complete explanation of the physical processes behind successful bleb characteristics and provide a new basis for clinically grading blebs.


Significance Many everyday decisions require viewing displays with several alternatives and then rapidly choosing one, e.g., choosing a snack from a vending machine. Each item has objective visual properties, such as saliency, and subjective properties, such as value. Objective and subjective properties are usually studied independently. We have implemented a single integrated paradigm that links perceptual with economic decision making by having subjects search through visual displays to choose a single food item that they want to eat. We demonstrate that two linked accumulator models, one modeling perceptual and the other modeling economic decisions, account for subjects' viewing patterns and choices. Many decisions we make require visually identifying and evaluating numerous alternatives quickly. These usually vary in reward, or value, and in low-level visual properties, such as saliency. Both saliency and value influence the final decision. In particular, saliency affects fixation locations and durations, which are predictive of choices. However, it is unknown how saliency propagates to the final decision. Moreover, the relative influence of saliency and value is unclear. Here we address these questions with an integrated model that combines a perceptual decision process about where and when to look with an economic decision process about what to choose. The perceptual decision process is modeled as a drift–diffusion model (DDM) process for each alternative. Using psychophysical data from a multiple-alternative, forced-choice task, in which subjects have to pick one food item from a crowded display via eye movements, we test four models where each DDM process is driven by (i) saliency or (ii) value alone or (iii) an additive or (iv) a multiplicative combination of both. We find that models including both saliency and value weighted in a one-third to two-thirds ratio (saliency-to-value) significantly outperform models based on either quantity alone. These eye fixation patterns modulate an economic decision process, also described as a DDM process driven by value. Our combined model quantitatively explains fixation patterns and choices with similar or better accuracy than previous models, suggesting that visual saliency has a smaller, but significant, influence than value and that saliency affects choices indirectly through perceptual decisions that modulate economic decisions.


ABSTRACT Eco-friendly water-repellent UV-curable polyurethane acrylates (PUA) with fluorine groups were synthesized from H12MDI which is excellent yellowing resistance and water resistance, polycarbonate diol, perfluoropolyether (PFPE) diol, and 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate. As increasing to 10% PFPE in polyol content, the contact angle of the cured PUA increased from 75.9∘ to 107.1∘ while tensile strength decreased and elongation increased due to the flexibility of PFPE. To improve their hydrophobicity, composites were prepared by adding small amounts of lotus leaf powder (LLP). The obtained PUA/LLP composite with 2% LLP showed much hydrophobicity, 120.6∘ of contact angle but their mechanical properties were not affected by adding LLP.


In this paper, we propose an algorithm that recognizes the environment around the vehicle using Vision and LiDAR sensor fusion, and extracts the object affecting the multichannel V2X communication system and transmits information to the TCU. A general object detection algorithm for autonomous vehicle detects pedestrians, signs, vehicles. However, in this paper, we detect the surroundings that affect the communication performance. For example, the detection targets are not only a bulky vehicle such as a large truck or bus but also a bulky structure such as a building, a tunnel or a soundproof wall. The proposed method has the three steps. The first is receiving cameras and LiDAR sensors and to preprocess the data from each sensor. In this step, the distortion of image data is calibrated, and the LiDAR sensor separates the ground point group and the non-ground point group. The second step is sensor fusion. The coordinate system is integrated into a transformation matrix between two predetermined sensors, and the results of the two data are fused. The last step is object classification using CNN. The proposed method can improve the reliability and stability of communication by detecting the objects affecting the communication performance in advance and changing the channel parameters of the multichannel TCU.


All polynomials and rational functions in this essay are assumed to have coefficients in Q . Fix an integer n ≥ 1. An affine variety is a simultaneous irreducible system of polynomial equations in n variables. The Q -points, R -points and C points of the affine variety are all solutions of the polynomial system in Q , R n and C , respectively. Rational projective n-space Q n is the set of lines through the origin in Q . For example, the projective plane ̃ Q 2 is a quotient of the unit sphere in Q 3 modulo the relation (X,Y,Z) ∼ (−X,−Y,−Z). We define ̃ R n and ̃ C n similarly. A projective variety is a simultaneous irreducible system of homogeneous polynomial equations in n + 1 variables. The Q -points, R -points and C -points of the projective variety are all solutions of the polynomial system in Q , ̃ R n and ̃ C , respectively; these are (n+ 1)-tuples, not n-tuples as before. A curve is a projective variety corresponding to one homogeneous polynomial equation p(X,Y,Z) = 0. In particular, n + 1 = 3; that is, n = 2. Such a curve is smooth or non-singular if there is no C -point at which the partial derivatives pX , pY , pZ all vanish. For example, the conic


May's edition of the journal coincides with the largest annual sporting event in Northern Ireland, the North West 200 (NW200). The event was first held as a 200 mile long race in 1929 under the auspices of the Derry and District Motor Club. At that time, it was a smaller, companion event to the well-established Ulster Grand Prix (UGP).1

The race relocated to its present north coast location in 1964 and has grown in stature until it is now estimated that 100,000 visitors attend the events associated with the race. Arlene Foster, Tourism Minister in 2009, calculated the direct and indirect economic benefits to the province at about £5,000,000 per year.2

Unlike the "Formula One" events of the motorcycle world such as FIM World Superbikes and MotoGP, motorbike events in Northern Ireland such as the NW200 and UGP occur on closed public roads and not specially-built circuits. There is no doubt that this exposes the riders to hazards that are minimised on circuits but "road racing" although seen as controversial by some,3 remains popular with both crowds and riders.

So, how can one provide best medical care to riders capable of 200 mph+ on the longer stretches of closed road courses (a lap of the current NW200 course is 9 miles), isolated from ready access to traditional medical services?

About 25 manned first-aid posts are located at strategic points around the course with a voluntary service ambulance present at around half the posts. "On the ground" medical response is provided by a team of doctors, paramedics and nurses who are in radio contact with the chief medical officer in the pits, race control, each first-aid post and each other. Close contact is maintained with police, fire service and Northern Ireland Ambulance Service who have no ready access to the interior of the course when "bikes are on circuit". The medical response is mobile with at least two motorbike doctors and 2 rapid response vans driven by paramedics able to respond to any incident on track or within the closed area. The first-aiders use a pre-arranged coding system to relay information on number of casualties and triage information.4 Reliable radio communication is vital and is provided by RAYNET – the Radio Amateurs Emergency Network.

The presence of a van on the course would not be welcomed by riders going at full tilt, so often the motorbike doctors are the first to respond to an incident. The doctors have been trained in race riding, wear distinctive orange helmets with full race leathers and carry a comprehensive range of equipment in orange backpacks, belts and pouches to distribute weight evenly when cornering (about 15kg of kit is carried on the person!). A reflective "slow down" marker flag covers the rear number plate. The racers and marshals are familiar with medical bikes on the circuit and don't find this disruptive. The doctors follow behind the racers for the first segment of the first lap to cover start incidents then peel off to their posts around the course.

The rapid response vans use side roads off course to get close to an incident, but will only access the course if the race is stopped (red flag) and it is safe to proceed onto the course as determined by race control and marshals.

Prior to the modern era, things were somewhat different. Fred MacSorley recalls that the first motorbike doctor was actually a competitor – "a Dr Marty Breslin, who was a public health doctor from Lurgan. Marty was known to take some kit out on his bike to attend serious incidents on an informal basis.5

The concept of a mobile response was pioneered in the mid 80's by Drs Sam Tanner and David McManus, Dr. Fred MacSorley and paramedic, Mr. Denis Browne joined shortly afterwards. The mobile radio technology to support the team was introduced by Mr. Ian Gibson of RAYNET (Figure 1).

Fig 1

MCUI (UC) medical team in the 1980s. From left to right; Denis Browne, Fred MacSorley, David McManus and Ian Gibson.

The idea of a multidisciplinary team providing trauma care was revolutionary in the 1980s and complex life-saving procedures such as roadside thoracostomy for tension pneumothorax and surgical airways were performed.

Skill in performing medical interventions at the roadside requires extensive training and although the team benefits from a wide range of disciplines amongst its membership, all are encouraged to join the British Association of Immediate Care (BASICS) and take the Pre-Hospital Emergency Care (PHEC) course which emphasises flexible team working and communication. That communication must extend to the receiving hospitals as well as emergency services operating at the boundary of the closed circuit – The Coastguard had to be called in to assist one year at the NW200 when a rider left the course and went over a cliff between Portrush and Portstewart.

There were two major turning points in the team's history according to Dr MacSorley. The first was the incorporation of paramedics to work alongside doctors at the roadside long before that became fashionable in N.I. and the second being the pre hospital deployment of doctors skilled in anaesthesia. Motorbike doctor, Mark Sheridan, provided on-site anaesthetic services in the 90s and for the past 12 years, Dr John Hinds has fulfilled this role alongside enhanced clinical governance and education in the team structure.

As speeds get ever faster and racing technology develops, new problems emerge: the aerodynamic "speed hump" recently incorporated into the riders' leathers to improve aerodynamic profile, curves the upper spine and neck of the supine patient making it difficult to manage the airway and cervical spine. Team members have published their experience of managing this and other uniquely pre-hospital problems as part of the cycle of audit and performance improvement.6, 7

Being a part of the Motorcycle Union of Ireland (Ulster Club) medical team offers a unique insight into the practice of medicine outside the four walls that normally constrain us. A very different environment from clinic appointments and signing off results! If you run across the team on duty, wish them; "A quiet day and good racing!"


It has been shown by H. Shnitkin (1985) that a 1-D electronically phased array can be aligned to a direction determined by the propagation constant in an ancillary, lightly coupled traveling-wave waveguide feed provided for that purpose. This linear array phase alignment method is extended to a general 2-D phased array alignment and failure isolation technique. Practical considerations on the development of a real built-in-test (BIT) system are enumerated.<<ETX>>


The impetus for this special issue of Addiction Research and Theory on drug overdose comes from a conference held last year in Seattle, Washington, USA. That meeting, "Preventing Heroin Overdose: Pragmatic Approaches" was sponsored by the Lindesmith Center, the University of Washington's Alcohol and Drug Abuse Institute, and by the US National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA). To my knowledge it was the first meeting devoted solely to the topic of heroin overdose and included a number of the original papers which are included in this issue of the journal. In the US, we have seen a steady rise in overdose deaths for over twenty years (see Garfield and Drucker, pp. 425-36) from fewer than 3,000 in 1975 to over 15,000 in the year 2000. Cumulatively the US has had over 100,000 overdose deaths in this period, double the number of Americans killed in Vietnam. In this context the meeting was a long overdue response to an alarming public health problem that was otherwise going largely unattended in the public health community. It helped to jump start a movement to reduce overdose deaths by utilizing harm reduction principles, even as heroin use expanded to new areas and new populations worldwide. Measures include street outreach and peer approaches to drug users at high risk of OD, public education on the specific factors associated with heroin overdose (e.g. polydrug and alcohol use), recognition of the role of effective treatment (especially methadone) in reducing ODs, and innovative measures such as the distribution to active drug user networks of Narcan a


race, mainly blacks and whites, are prevalent in the literature. It is almost impossible to see a research design in criminal justice that doesn't include race. This has been true for many years. Not only race, but the victim and offender-victim categories have been included in these research designs. Many researchers have concluded that there is no evidence of racial or ethnic discrimination, some report favorable treatment of blacks, and some report inconsistent findings. Wilbanks' main thesis is that based on numerous empirical studies, there is no evidence of racial discrimination against blacks systematically across the various segments of the criminal justice system, e.g., arrest, prosecution, sentencing, etc., although various statistics do support evidence of discrimination at some points in the system, e.g., sentencing. In fact, Wilbanks states, there is some evidence of favorable treatment to blacks in some jurisdictions at some points in the system and, therefore, there is discrimination against whites. Wilbanks claims that there is a double standard of racism, because whites don't accuse blacks of discrimination but blacks accuse whites. He claims that sexism and age


EMI of switching converter is mainly decided by characteristics of spectrum of PWM drive waveforms. So it is of great meaning to quantify and discuss that. This paper takes PWM drive waveform as a time series process or event. Based on statistical theory, probability density function and characteristic function are analyzed for periodic frequency-spreading scheme and chaotic frequency-spreading scheme. Based on invariable distribution, characteristics of power spectral are calculated for chaotic frequency-spreading further. Finally, chaotic frequency-spreading scheme is fulfilled successfully on a flyback prototype with PWM control chip SG6846, system operating stable, the peak of ripple keeping constant. And spectrum of the experiment system is expanded, so EMI is suppressed effectively.


This paper proposes to design an unknown input observer (UIO) for the linear‐parameter‐varying (LPV) system on the basis of the set theory, which is named as the set‐theoretic UIO (SUIO). The advantage of the SUIO consists in that it combines active and passive approaches to obtain robustness in state estimation (SE) and fault detection (FD). The active approach is based on the use of UIO to decouple unknown inputs, while the passive approach is based on the set theory to bound uncertain factors that cannot be actively decoupled. As a result, the effect of both unknown inputs (process disturbances, modeling errors, etc.) and measurement noises can be appropriately handled in the residual signals compared with the standard UIO‐based SE and FD approaches. The design of SUIO can overcome the limitations of the traditional UIO design conditions, which can significantly broaden the application of the UIO‐based SE and FD theory. Moreover, this paper proposes a generalized framework that can provide more flexibility in the design of SUIO guaranteeing their stability by means of a group of matrix inequalities. Because the LPV system uses a collection of online obtainable scheduling variables to embed nonlinearities, the design of SUIO for the LPV system can be used to address the SE and FD problems of nonlinear systems. At the end of this paper, two case studies are used to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The melting behavior,melt temperature homogeneity and plastication capacity of MADDOCK,pin,barrier and general-purpose injection screws for a reciprocating screw injection molding was studied and compared with those of general injection screw by means of visual experimental system and on-line data collection system.The experimental results indicated the performance of MADDOCK,pin and barrier injection screw was better than that of general injection screw.


While in NASA's earlier space missions such as Voyager the number of sensors was in the hundreds, future platforms such as the Space Station Freedom will have tens of thousands sensors. For these planned missions it will be impossible to use the comprehensive monitoring strategy that was used in the past in which human operators monitored all sensors all the time. A selective monitoring strategy must be substituted for the current comprehensive strategy. This selective monitoring strategy uses computer tools to preprocess the incoming data and direct the operators' attention to the most critical parts of the physical system at any given time. There are several techniques that can be used to preprocess the incoming information. This paper presents an approach to using diagnostic reasoning techniques to preprocess the sensor data and detect which parts of the physical system require more attention because components have failed or are most likely to have failed. Given the sensor readings and a model of the physical system, a number of assertions are generated and expressed as Boolean equations. The resulting system of Boolean equations is solved symbolically. Using a priori probabilities of component failure and Bayes' rule, revised probabilities of failure can be computed. These will indicate what components have failed or are the most likely to have failed. This approach is suitable for systems that are well understood and for which the correctness of the assertions can be guaranteed. Also, the system must be such that assertions can be made from instantaneous measurements. And the system must be such that changes are slow enough to allow the computation.


In this paper author analyzes two different conceptions of management in London. Over the years this model has constantly evolved with the change of the ruling party. London is one of the biggest european metropolitan area therefore is a kind of source of innovation and role model for other mertopolis. The main aim of this article is to analyze and compare both of approaches to metropolitan areas management in London and indication main effects and consequences of their functioning.


The objective of this paper is to characterize the governance and territorial issues in the tourist product Oktoberfest Blumenau, identifying its phases from the beginning, in 1984, and elements of influence in regional touristic development. This study is based analytical-descriptive qualitative research, which used in mainly primary data through semi-structured interviews with strategic managers of the event. The data were correlated using content analysis. In summary, the results of this study demonstrate that the event had a series of distinct phases, characterized as expressions of territoriality, due to instances of governance, where the local government, community and private sector have the same interests and need to be set in the planning and implementation of this mega event. In other words, patterns of agreement for the achievement of objectives that support the event: cultural, social and economic dimensions.


Gas networks are interconnected and strategically linked to multiple sources. Because of this, the quality of gas can change rapidly at a given location when switching from one source to another. When this occurs, these rapid changes can result in flashback or flame extinction.
 To overcome combustion issues and instabilities of gas fired gas turbines due to the variability of gas incoming gas quality, a new sensor called NIRIS NG has been designed which analyzes the natural gas composition at the inlet of the turbine burners. The design of the NIRIS NG sensor boasts a short response time (less than one second), easy installation, simple maintenance, and low cost. This is primarily because unlike other gas quality sensors, the NIRIS NG sensor is based on spectrometry technology and the sensor has been specifically engineered for installation on turbine applications. By employing spectrometry, the NIRIS NG sensor is performing a technological breakthrough by using low cost optical components and proprietary signal treatment software within robust packaging that can sustain the vibration and heat over extended periods. The gas-pipe-plugged sensor provides fast response times and transmits the data to the turbine controller using CAN protocol. This paper will describe in detail the sensor hardware and software technologies, validation testing that has been completed to date, and the expected advantages on industrial gas fired gas turbines.


This paper evaluates the macroeconomic impact on the euro area (EA) of the imposition of tariffs by simulating a multi-country New Keynesian model featuring the effective lower bound (ELB) on the EA monetary policy rate. The main results are as follows. First, the bilateral tariff dispute between the United States (US) and China (CH) has positive spillovers on the EA economy, because of favorable trade diversion effects. Second, simultaneous tariff increases between the US and CH and between the US and EA have negative effects on euro-area GDP and (ex-tariff) inflation. The effects are magnified if the ELB binds in the EA. Third, if the elasticity of substitution among tradables is low, the spillovers on euro-area GDP of US-CH trade tensions are negligible if the ELB is not binding, while they become negative if the ELB binds.


This study was carried out to determine some internal and external quality characteristics of 378 eggs collected between March and July from 42-week-old Guinea Hens ( Numidae meleagris ) raised by the public in Erzincan province, using mathematical formulas. Egg external quality features include shape index 73%, elongation 1.37, egg surface area 55.65 cm 2 , egg volume 40.39 cm 3 , shell thickness 0.28 mm, shell weight 3.19 g, number of pores-1 6686.05, number of pores-2 5156.10, number of pores- 3 5043.33 pieces, pore density-1 120.22 pore number/cm 2 , pore density-2 92.62 pore number/cm 2 , pore density-3 90.52 pore number/cm 2 ; The yolk weight and white weight of the egg were determined as 6.02 g and 30.89 g, from the egg internal quality characteristics. As a result, in this study, yolk weight, shell weight and shell thickness values of egg internal and external quality characteristics calculated using mathematical formulas based on egg weight without spoiling the egg integrity were found to be lower than the values in some studies determined by measurement, while the white weight value was found to be higher.


"The German cities in the old federal states showed a remarkable increase in foreigners from 1980 to 1994. Their number grew from 5.2 to 15.1 per cent. This is mostly a result of migration gains. The regional pattern is closely related to the economic structures and functions of the cities. But administrative and legal measures as well as differences in the composition of nationalities have influenced the diffusion pattern since the recruitment-stop in 1973." (EXCERPT)


An attempt was made to control the duration of oral-genital self-stimulation in 2 male rhesus macaques. Response-contingent electric shock was programmed for 10 daily sessions and followed by 10 additional daily sessions of tone-shock classical conditioning trials. During the classical conditioning phase, the tone was made contingent on self-stimulation in the home cage. Primary punishment (shock) immediately and completely suppressed self-sucking performance. However, duration of sucking within Ss' home cage remained unchanged. Subsequent tone-shock trials continued to suppress behavior to zero levels in the shock box. In addition, the tone was now an effective conditioned punisher within the home cage, reducing self-stimulation to near zero levels.


ORGANIZATIONS should pay for performance. This statement always meets with head nodding and murmurs of approval: Those who perform best, who get results, should be rewarded with more pay, recognition, and praise. To do otherwise is inconsistent with concern for productivity. But it is the rare organization that pays exclusively on the basis of performance-and can back up its practice with evidence and the agreement of its employees. Most people work in organizations in which the relationship between pay and performance is substantially less than direct, and they cite glaring examples. Why is this so when we have a fairly clear idea of how to use pay effectively to motivate performance? The reason can't be chalked up to ignorance or lack of concern for performance. Instead, it lies in the basic conditions operating against pay for performance and in the manager's need to apply common sense in making pay decisions.


My predecessor as book review editor, Bill Gasarch, held the post for 17 years. In his final column in January 2015, he said that that's longer than anyone should have the job. I count myself as lucky to have been nominated as his successor. At the time, Bill advised me not to stay on for more than 5 years. Well, here it is 6.5 years out and some 26 columns later, so it is high time for me to retire from the position.


Q fever is a zoonotic disease caused by the rickettsia-like Coxiella burnetii . It leads to abortions and decreased reproductive performances in domestic ruminants. A serological survey, using an ELISA test, was conducted to assess the prevalence of this infection in 226 ewes belonging to 39 flocks localized in Constantine (Northeastern Algeria). A pretested questionnaire has been submitted to farmers/shepherds to collect information related to relevant risk factors. Results revealed the presence of C. burnetii antibodies in 12.4% of individual animals while 35.9% of sampled flocks accounted at least one seropositive ewe. Significant causative associations were observed for origin of animals, vaccination against enterotoxaemia and pox, access to the farm by foreign visitors, farmers/shepherds' visits to other farms, disinfection frequency, pest infestation within farms and abortion history. The prevalence of Coxiella infection would indicate a possible responsibility of this agent in causing abortion and reproductive failures in the tested flocks. Implementing active surveillance programs and further investigations using more accurate analyses and including large samples of several animal species are needed to elucidate the real occurrence and dynamics of this infection in the national livestock.


In this talk I will show how the Rashba spin-orbit coupling present in two-dimensional electron gases (2DEGs) based on SrTiO3 can be used to interconvert spin and charge currents with great efficiency. The conversion is highly tuneable by gate voltages, as the Fermi level is displaced across the complex multi-orbital band structure of the 2DEG. These results offer possibilities for device applications, for instance into Intel's MESO transistor. Finally, I will present a new ferromagnet-free approach to achieve a non-volatile control of spin-charge interconversion with ferroelectric Rashba 2DEGs, that may pave the way to an entirely new family of ultralow power spintronics device.


E-learning is currently at the center of interest in the educational community, in a situation of global pandemics that forces us to reduce attendance in all aspects of our lives. Online courses have had a bad reputation due to the distance between the tutor and the apprentice and the high dropout rates. The main purpose is to analyze the evaluations made by teachers on different features of a course, by examining variables like content, technology, activities, final work, and format. The analysis covers the 50 online courses that form part of the continuous training offer of the Regional Ministry of Education of the Community of Madrid in courses 17–18 and 18–19 in which 7501 teachers have participated. The opinion of each participant is collected from a questionnaire at the end of the training activity. This has been validated by a group of experts from the Regional Centre for Innovation and Training, belonging to the Community of Madrid, using the Delphi method. To develop the methodology, a linear multivariate model was calculated on the independent variables and the dependent variable Net Promoter Score (NPS). Most of the findings are related to two central variables in the educational approaches that occur in digital scenarios. What the group of teachers' values most is the content of the proposal, while the factor that they consider least important is the technology that supports the development of the course. The rest of the variables analyzed have little impact on the recommendation of the courses. Nevertheless, conclusions suggest that combining factors such as content, technology, and pedagogy are essential in experiences like these.


Valsartan, a type 1 selective receptor for angiotensin, is primarily used in the treatment of hypertension and, in a minority, to treat coronary artery disease and heart failure. Among its adverse effects, it can be mentioned malaise, dizziness and headache. Furthermore, in the conventional form of release, it may cause patient non-compliance with treatment and need for multiple dosages, which lead to the possibility of reduction in therapeutic efficiency. To avoid these disadvantages, the present work aimed at the production of valsartan particles for delayed and extended release of the drug. The composition of the particles was based on the polymer blend of sericin and alginate. Sericin, present in the cocoons of the Bombyx mori silkworm, is a water soluble globular protein discharged into effluent from the silk industry. Its chemical structure allows it to be used for the formation of blends with other polymers, aiming at the improvement of its properties. Alginate, which was commercially obtained, is a polysaccharide obtained from brown algae, widely used in pharmaceutical applications. In order to evaluate the incorporation of valsartan into the aforementioned polymer blend, formulations with alginate only and formulations with different amounts of alginate initially added were developed. The evaluation was accomplished by means of incorporation efficiency and in vitro dissolution tests in simulated gastrointestinal environment. Sericin was shown to increase both the drug incorporation efficiency and the release time in enteric media. The best result was obtained for the formulation composed of the sericin and alginate blend, with the lowest amount of alginate. An 82.75 ± 2.61 % incorporation efficiency and extended release (about 28 hours) was achieved.


Thresholding based on gray-gray cooccurrence matrix is a local thresholding technique. Relative entropy is usually used to gauge the relative difference of uncertainties in two physical systems, and the relative entropy-based asymmetrical co-occurrence matrix thresholding has been applied successfully. We propose to construct symmetrical co-occurrence matrix with the statistical spatial information from the mean values in object and background regions of an image. In this way, a unique relative entropy-based symmetrical co-occurrence matrix thresholding method is derived. Computer-simulation results demonstrated the higher adaptability and efficiency of the proposed method, as compared with square distance based symmetrical co-ocurrence matrix thresholding, Otsu's and relative entropy methods.


Researchers, educators and students debate demanded questions and possible reflections about the daily difficulties of young people seriously and accurately. The searching for explanations, the speaking about regarding on their experiences and changing´s desire are some of the high points of these meeting.
 Keywords: Youth. Utopia. Social projects. Ideology. Consciousness.


Background and Aim: The sharp increase in the incidence rate of colorectal cancer in Korea over the past decades may be partly attributed to the increase in alcohol consumption. An ecologic study was conducted in Korea to determine the association between alcohol consumption and the risk of colorectal cancer. Methods: We obtained the colorectal cancer incidence rates (1999–2007) from the Korea National Statistics Office and data on national alcohol consumption (1998–2007) from the reports of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Pearson9s correlation coefficients were determined using the data of alcohol intakes and colorectal cancer incidence rate. People who consumed more than 45 g alcohol/day were defined as heavy drinkers. Results: A significant correlation between alcohol consumption and the risk of colorectal cancer was observed in men; Pearson9s correlation coefficients were statistically significant for men (r = 0.99; P = 0.001), but not for women (r = 0.82; P = 0.180). In the Conclusion: Alcohol consumption may be positively related to the incidence of colorectal cancer. Our findings may aid in predicting future colorectal cancer incidence in Korea. Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2010;3(12 Suppl):B98.


Results are presented for the normal and anomalous Hall coefficients R0 and Rs in the rare‐earth metals Tb, Dy, Ho, and Er in the paramagnetic temperature range. Above TN the anomalous coefficients are essentially temperature‐independent, indicating a dominant spin‐disorder scattering mechanism. Measurements with H along 〈0001〉 gave a constant value of R0=−3.6×10−12 Ω‐cm/G for all elements of the series; Rs, on the other hand, varied by more than a factor of 8. This variation cannot be explained on the basis of an isotropic theory of spin disorder. The coefficients for H applied in the basal plane showed changes in sign of both R0 and Rs occurring between Dy and Ho and a marked decrease in magnitude of Rs throughout the series. A model is developed to include the effects of the large magnetic anisotropy on the anomalous coefficient. The model includes the contribution from both intrinsic and extrinsic spin‐orbit couplings. The magnetic anisotropy has a significant effect on Rs, and leads to better agreeme...


This article discusses the basics, concept and methodology for constructing tools that implement data exchange processes, including an exhaustive list of necessary data for the formation of information models of capital construction objects at each stage of the life cycle, as well as a plan for the development of these tools that provide information exchange processes. The technical and technological foundations for the formation of a digital information model and a scheme for verifying information transmitted from stage to stage of the life cycle of a capital construction object are stated.


This article introduces the initial issue of the new Journal of Emotional Abuse, and lays the framework for this emerging field. Psychological maltreatment, nonphysical aggression, and trauma are beginning to be recognized as interrelated phenomena that are perhaps at the root of many of the psychological problems experienced by people, especially those who have been victimized in some manner. This article describes the theoretical foundations, definitions, and areas in need of further research to improve our understanding of emotional abuse, to help develop intervention techniques, and to promote prevention programs. In addition, the co-editors encourage submission of articles concerning all aspects of emotional abuse for possible publication, and the topics for future issues of JEA are described.


Perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) electrolyte membranes, such as Nafion, are widely employed in fuel cells due to their high proton conductivity combined with excellent chemical and thermal stability. However, the very high degree of disorder in these materials makes it difficult, if not impossible, to deduce their bulk morphology unambiguously from experiments alone without the aid of computational modeling over multiple time and length scales, from the molecular [1] to mesoscale [2]. A further complication in the composite membrane-electrode assemblies (MEAs) is the presence of complex multiphase interfaces between the polymer, catalyst and carbon electrode. In this presentation, I will describe a recent combination of a model-independent procedure for obtaining structural information from small angle scattering based on a Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) approach coupled with mesoscale simulations using Dissipative Particle Dynamics (DPD) of the morphology of Nafion parameterized with atomistic calculations and density functional theory [3]. These two methods show that the nanoscale ionic clustering in PFSAs is composed of a bicontinuous network of ionic clusters embedded in a matrix of fluorocarbon chains. I will also present results from composite systems in which the distribution of water and ionic groups at the interface in nanoscopic channels are compared with those in bulk membrane. The results show that the structure of thin (5-10 nm) layers of PFSA membranes is quite different to that in bulk, and may play a key role in controlling performance of MEAs.


In view of the Anhui province food quality safe supervision work's need,used E-government Process Reengineering and data warehouse realizes food quality safety Regulatory MIS design and the development.


Customer services and satisfaction are essential for the banking industry to survive in the competitive world. The banker has to provide innovative and new services to all the customers dealing with the banking companies. Banking sector plays in an important role in contributing to the economic development of a country. The study has adopted with analytical methodology by measuring the satisfaction level with respect to various service factors by providing questionnaire to the customers of the Bank Muscat, Dhofar region, Sultanate of Oman. Different statistical tools such as frequency distribution, t-test and ANOVA have been used to get interpretable results. The researcher identified that the developing country in technology and infrastructure like Sultanate of Oman has to concentrate on the hitech and fast services to its globalised customers. The papers also suggest necessary measures to be taken by the banker to satisfy the customers in the long run.


The product design problem in network environment was analyzed,a effective way was pointed out in which a distributed design system was built with middleware technology.Based on CORBA,a design system used for mechanical product distributed design was built.In the developed system,modules can exchange design information and coordinate design parameters each other.By practical running,the method and technology adopted in this system is proved to be effective.


System a rch i t ec tu re s which incorpora te fail-operat,ve fl,&ht guidance It is functions wi th in a t o t a l i n t eg ra t ed avionics complex are described. shown t h a t t he mixture of f l i g h t c r i t i c a l and non-flight cr i t ical functions within a common computer complex is an e f f i c i e n t so lu t ion t o t h e in t eg ra t ion of navigation, guidance, f l i g h t cont ro l , d i sp lay and f l i g h t management. In te r fac ing subsystems r e t a i n autonomous c a p a b i l i t y t o avoid vu lne rab i l i t y t o total avionics system shutdown as a r e s u l t of only a few f a i l u r e s .


ABSTRACT The use of an electrochemical technique based on cyclic voltammetry (CV) that can be implemented to monitor the degradation of the important nitroaromatic explosive 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) in aqueous media when in contact with a microorganism is presented. The microorganism used in this study was an isolated fungus belonging to the Aspergillus genus. In the degradation experiments, during the first 21 days of exposure of the fungal growth to a 68 mg L−1 TNT aqueous stock solution, the analyte concentration decreased by 44% to 38 mg L−1 before plateauing through the 58th day of the study. Statistical figures of merit of the technique included linearity in the 1–92 mg L−1 range and correlation coefficients above 98% for the three reduction peaks of TNT, a limit of detection (LOD) of 3 mg L−1, a limit of quantification of 10 mg L−1 and a method precision of 3.8% relative standard deviation (%RSD). Day-to-day and week-to-week repeatability were low at 5.1%RSD and 5.8%RSD, respectively. The results herein exhibit first-order kinetics for the 'ortho' nitro group. A clear to yellow colour transition in the control solution and fungi samples suggests the appearance of a TNT metabolite. UV-Vis spectrophotometry supports the presence of a possible derivative of TNT in the fungi samples.


The objective of this article is to describe the design of a new family of wideband filters in a rectangular waveguide based on hybrid couplings and a staircase configuration. The use of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$E$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-plane <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$T$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-junctions and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$E$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-plane folded structures is also discussed, in order to enhance the out-of-band response and the selectivity of the filter with respect to the current state of the art. The design of several hybrid filter prototypes is discussed in detail, including manufacturing sensitivity and high-power analysis. Finally, simulations and measurements for an eight-pole filter prototype are also compared, showing very good agreement, thereby fully validating both the design procedure and the new filter topology that we propose.


This study examines the obesity effect of proximity to US fast‐food restaurants (Kentucky Fried Chicken [KFC] or McDonald) on Chinese. We first provide some stylized facts and raise the hypothesis that proximity to KFC or McDonald increases overweight. We then put the hypothesis into a test using the China Health and Nutrition Survey data. Exploiting community (district in urban area and village unit in rural area) level KFC or McDonald density within 10 km by using the geocoding information, we find that the exposure to KFC or McDonald adversely affects people obesity. Our results are robust in a number of additional checks and placebo tests. The pro‐obesity effects are more pronounced for the lower educated than the higher educated. Further welfare analysis indicates that ignoring obesity outcomes would substantially underestimate the welfare disparity between high educated and low educated in China [EconLit Citations: F23, I10, I12, J00].


A stacked-coil technology is demonstrated that realizes size-adjustable coil systems to compensate the notorious problem of lateral misalignment in nonradiative wireless power transfer (WPT) systems. The proposed system has a simple structure that consists of multiple layers of coils with various sizes. Depending on the misalignment, the coil pair that provides the best transfer efficiency is switched on. Thus, not only the transfer null is removed, but also a very high transfer efficiency is maintained even with extreme misalignment. Experimental results at 6.78 MHz show the effectiveness of the stacked coil for both short- and mid-range wireless power transfer systems. The transfer efficiency maintains abovementioned 80% up to 87% and 65% lateral misalignment when the separation between Tx and Rx coils are 10% and 50%, respectively, relative to the largest dimension of the coil. The three-layer short-range system successfully removes the transfer null to maintain a minimum transfer efficiency of 39.7% up to 126% misalignment. The two-layer mid-range system maintains transfer efficiency abovementioned 50% up to 103% misalignment. Furthermore, the performance is virtually the same even in an asymmetric WPT system, i.e., when the technique is applied to only one of the two coils. A detailed design procedure is also provided.


Objective-To determine differences in coronary riskfactors between womenand men and theirrelation toin-hospital mortality associated withcoronary artery bypass grafting. Design-Prospective observational study. Setting-A regional cardiothoracic centre. Patients-482 (362(75%/6) men and 120 (25%)women)consecutive patients who had primaryisolated coronaryartery bypass grafting. Results-The women wereon average threeyearsolderthanthemen (63v60 years,P 0.00001).


By use of the 2004 remote sensing data,we researched on the spatial and temporal variations of landscape pattern and people's impacts on the changes of landscape pattern at Guoluo Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in the headwater area of the Yellow Water.The landscape corridor change on the two sides along the Yellow Water was analyzed.The results showed the Guoluo Prefecture was a resources landscape mainly of sedge,grass,shrubs and other types;the landscape connectivity of various kinds of meadows was higher;the corridor effect of the Yellow River was obvious when in 10 kilometers and had a scale restriction.We conducted the ecological assessment according to the ecological adaptability indexes and analyzed the ecological environment adaptability of the six counties of the prefecture.The results provided instructions for the ecological environment sustainable development in Guoluo Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture and even in the headwater area of the Yellow River.


This article addresses the methodology that can be applied when researching the field of academic research management, in which the adoption of a knowledge-based view (KBV) is especially appropriate. In particular, it discusses whether the adoption of a grounded theory approach (GTA) in this type of research is justifiable, given the contested character of the KBV constituents. GTA, so it is argued, is especially useful for investigating such a field because of three interrelated arguments: (a) that KBV and related debates provide insufficient theoretical guidance, (b) that the research managers' experience and viewpoints should form the basis of theory development and relevancy, and (c) that the concepts of knowledge and management are obscure. Adopting a GTA does not completely remove the KBV perspective from the methodological discussions. Instead, it may be useful for modifying the GTA outcomes, thus engendering theoretical plausibility, applicability, and credibility.


Mazeika's method for forecasting mixed-layer (thermocline) depth of the upper ocean layers is discussed along with a newer version of this method developed by James. Using Mazeika's method primarily, a verification for the Northeast Pacific Ocean was completed with data from Ocean Weather Stations PAPA (50N, 145W) and NOVEMBER (30N, 140W) and a point named MIDPOINT (40N, 140W) . The results indicate Mazeika's method is successful at Station PAPA more than seventy-five percent of the time during the heating season followed by a rapid decline as the cooling season begins. The method should be useful in the entire Central Subarctic Domain as described by John P. Tully. The method fails at NOVEMBER and MIDPOINT producing less than thirty percent success in prediction. James' version did not improve the results obtained at Station NOVEMBER. This failure appears to be due to the controlling parameters for processes in the Subtropic or Transitional oceanographic regions (which include NOVEMBER and MIDPOINT); these differ from parameters controlling oceanic processes in the Pacific Subarctic region (Station PAPA) , which resemble those involved in the Atlantic region for which Mazeika's method was developed. Climatology data which can be used to obtain surface and 400-foot level temperature are also tested. The results indicate these data are very useful and accurate in determining the stability index required of Mazeika's method. NAVAL POS R HON! , CALIF. TABLE OF CONTENTS


Like all librarians, I believe that everyone deserves a place in the library. It's one of the things I love most about this profession: our commitment to treat all of our users equally and with respect. That said, I sometimes feel defensive about the path I've taken in my career. I decided about halfway through my MLS coursework that I wanted to be a young adult librarian. And, more specifically, I wanted to work with "at-risk" teens ... whatever that myopic catch-all phrase means. I was asked to interview at a few large urban library systems, where I'd sent my resume right around graduation. But an opportunity came up close to home, and I took it, because it was a pretty amazing job for a 27 year old right out of grad school. I became the director of a small boarding school library, and since then, my jobs have all been similar: teen librarian at a well-funded library in a wealthy community; librarian and academic technologist at a private day school; and currently, library administrator at a girls' boarding school. When I was a public librarian, I began to struggle with my professional identity and purpose. In a community where it appeared (emphasis on appeared) that every kid had private tutors, an iPhone, their own car, and a huge house, I couldn't quite figure out how to enrich my patrons' lives. I was trying too hard to impress them with fancy programs and not trying hard enough to be a good librarian. I had a hard time talking with the teens, even the ones who served on my advisory board. Their manners were amazing, they were much better at event planning than I was, and certainly they were better dressed. Before I go any further, I need to be clear about something: this article is not intended to directly compare working in private schools and public schools, or communities with different socioeconomic demographics. After all, I've never worked in a public school, or in an economically challenged community. (My own personal background is another story for another day.) This article is only about my own experiences, and about my belief that all teens, no matter what their socioeconomic or social status is, deserve high-quality library services, trusted adults in their lives, and a safe space in their community. Is it easier to work in a privileged community because of the users? I don't know for sure. As I said before, I've never experienced anything else, so I don't feel comfortable drawing comparisons. Instead, I'd like to focus on why it's important for us to meet the needs of those who appear not to have any. And, if you have found yourself in a similar environment and are struggling with how to connect with your users, I have some ideas for you. When we picture ourselves working with teens in a library, we often forget about those who don't appear as needy: the popular kids, the athletes, the class presidents. Those teens, we might think, have enough people providing them with resources, support, and learning opportunities. Or maybe they don't need anyone looking out for them, since they seem to have everything under control. Often, we have a harder time connecting with these teens. They are usually very good at presenting themselves to others, especially adults. In addition, our own adolescent insecurities can sometimes come out when we work with teens; we're reminded of how hard it was to talk to the soccer captain when we were 15. I am sometimes intimidated by the popular kids, as embarrassing as that is to admit as a 35 year old. Maybe this is the dirty secret of teen and school librarianship: when you work with teens, sometimes you feel like a teen. After my stint in public libraries, I returned to a school library and in my first year, when all the students were nice to me, I actually thought they were playing a trick on me. When I finally trusted them, I discovered that they were loving, and kind, and funny. It was those students who made me realize I'd been wrong in how I'd judged, and immature and selfish in how I'd incorrectly viewed myself through their eyes. …


Objective:To observe the effect of Dabuyinwan on thymus pathological changes of experimental hyperthyroid rats. Methods:Hyperthyroid rats were induced by Euthyrox given orally everyday for three weeks. Then the effect of Dabuyinwan on thymus pathological changes was observed. Results:The thymus thickness,cells numbers,density increased significantly in low,middle and large dosgage of Dabuyinwan groups. Reticular cells scattered and matured,small vessels congestived obviously,there were thymic corpuscles. The groups of high dose Dabuyinwan had basically the same thymus tissue structure as the normal group. Conclusion:Dabuyinwan had the effect of improving thymus pathology of experimental hyperthyroid rat.


In recent years, endovascular coil embolization for cerebral aneurysms has been used as an effective and minimally invasive treatment. However, the therapeutic effects might be deteriorated due to the incorrect positioning of the coils in the aneurysm or insufficient reduction of the blood flow in the neck area of the aneurysm. Therefore, the quantitative evaluation of the therapeutic effects of coil embolization is important. We have developed a system that measures intraaneurysmal pressure in the blood vessel model at multipoint using ultra-miniature fiber-optic pressure sensors. The blood vessel model including aneurysm model is fabricated using Poly (vinyl alcohol) hydrogel (PVA-H). Two ultra-miniature fiber-optic pressure sensors are inserted from outside and placed in the aneurysm area. Two commercially available pressure sensors were also connected to both the upstream and downstream sides of the model. The pressure measurement was performed in the aneurysm and in the adjacent blood vessel. Pressure were measured before and after coil placement in the aneurysm.


Hot filament enhanced chemical vapor deposition of aluminum nitride thin films from trimethylaluminum and ammonia has been investigated for deposition temperatures ranging from 584 to 732 K. The use of a hot filament resulted in an approximate two orders of magnitude increase in the deposition rate compared to a similar, uncatalyzed growth. The film deposition rate and refractive index did not depend on the substrate temperature. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy indicated that the films were high purity aluminum nitride, with negligible carbon and oxygen contamination.


In the new era of high-speed development of distributed generation and electricity market reform, it is possible to incorporate distributed generation resources into the competition of electricity market; in this way, it could provide more efficient and flexible electricity supply to power grid, and ensure the whole power system operating in a safe, stable and economic pattern. In this paper, on the basis of sufficient analyzing the development history and practical background of distributed generation, and inspired by the idea of automated demand response, a new concept of automated generating response based on distributed generation resources is proposed, and a series of executable strategies about automated generating response are given in detail accordingly; moreover, this paper makes a further discussion about the network architecture of distributed generation cluster energy optimization management system. In the new era of electricity market reform, the active exploration of distributed generation automated generating response in this essay would take full advantage of the clean and flexible characteristics of distributed generation, and it may offer a feasible direction to coordinate the relationship between distributed generation and power grid.


The e-commerce of agricultural products in the country to create a background of Internet plus, a new circulation mode of agricultural products conform to the trend of the development of. Based on the current situation of the development of agricultural products in Gansu province e-commerce as the breakthrough point, analyzes the existing network infrastructure in rural areas, agricultural e-commerce professional personnel, logistics, agricultural product standardization, branding, online payment system problems, put forward rural government enterprise, farmers or agricultural enterprises and intermediary organizations enterprise of agricultural products, agricultural products, online supermarket enterprises self built website four for Gansu Province agricultural products e-commerce model.


Abstract Objectives Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) represents the most frequent form of cardiomyopathy, leading to heart failure, cardiac arrhythmias and death. Accumulating evidence convincingly demonstrates the crucial role of genetic defects in the pathogenesis of DCM, and over 100 culprit genes have been implicated with DCM. However, DCM is of substantial genetic heterogeneity, and the genetic determinants underpinning DCM remain largely elusive. Methods Whole-exome sequencing and bioinformatical analyses were implemented in a consanguineous Chinese family with DCM. A total of 380 clinically annotated control individuals and 166 more DCM index cases then underwent Sanger sequencing analysis for the identified genetic variation. The functional characteristics of the variant were delineated by utilizing a dual-luciferase assay system. Results A heterozygous variation in the MEF2A gene (encoding myocyte enhancer factor 2A, a transcription factor pivotal for embryonic cardiogenesis and postnatal cardiac adaptation), NM_001365204.1: c.718G>T; p. (Gly240*), was identified, and verified by Sanger sequencing to segregate with autosome-dominant DCM in the family with complete penetrance. The nonsense variation was neither detected in 760 control chromosomes nor found in 166 more DCM probands. Functional analyses revealed that the variant lost transactivation on the validated target genes MYH6 and FHL2, both causally linked to DCM. Furthermore, the variation nullified the synergistic activation between MEF2A and GATA4, another key transcription factor involved in DCM. Conclusions The findings firstly indicate that MEF2A loss-of-function variation predisposes to DCM in humans, providing novel insight into the molecular mechanisms of DCM and suggesting potential implications for genetic testing and prognostic evaluation of DCM patients.


account, sisters make an appearance, such as in Chapter 3, 'Domestic Heroes', where Maynard explores middle-class women's involvement in war service and the resentment some sisters felt at not being able to join their brothers at the front. Relationships between serving men and their sisters are referred to throughout the book, adding another layer to the complexities of sibling relationships, and perhaps should have been given more prominence in the title, introduction and publicity about the book. This is a very minor quibble, however, about a book that provides such a powerful narrative about the ravages of war seen through the prism of sibling relationships. It will have resonances for anyone who is interested in the impact of war and large-scale public crises on family relationships. Maynard writes that 'Public memories of the Great War often drown out more private, more intimate memories' (270). In this research, she has skilfully brought these more intimate expressions of love and loss to historical attention, retaining their uniqueness as personal narratives while placing them firmly in the social and economic context of the period, and the emotional and familial codes and gendered expectations that predominated in Britain at the time of the First World War.


Crystals of the title compound (I) are monoclinic, a= 9.146(3), b= 9.591(3), c= 9.512(4)A, β= 91.38(4)° space group P21, Z= 2. The structure was determined from diffractometer data by direct methods, and refined by full-matrix least-squares methods to R 0.035 for 1 429 observed reflexions. Ring A may be described as having either a slightly distorted half-chair conformation with a non-planar lactone group, or as having a flattened chair conformation. Rings B and C have regular chair, and ring D a C(13) envelope conformation. The molecules are linked by O–H ⋯ O hydrogen bonds (2.893 A) and form infinite chains within layers perpendicular to the a axis. There are no short intermolecular contacts between layers.


Technology is advancing at uncountable speed, in order to fulfil the high energy demand at the industrial field, more and more power plant was developed to supply the power requirement in the industry. The high energy demand makes the world in a horrible stage, which face the energy crisis problem. Cloudy or rainy weathers makes solar panel to have bad performance due to insufficient of sun light obtained. The solar tracking system helps the system to obtain the maximum sun intensity.
The solar tracker that proposed in this final year project is a time base solar tracker, time setting is implemented in this project in order to make the solar tracker follow the position of the sun. Normal solar panel can only face one direction but when the sun moves from time to time, the sunlight collects by the panel will become lesser and lesser. The time based solar tracker can helps to overcome this problem, by following the sun trail, the misalignment angle decrease, it makes the solar panel to absorb more sunlight compare to fixed mount solar panel configuration.


This paper combines the theoretical framework developed by Coyne and Boettke (2009) about an entrepreneurial theory of social and cultural change, with the contributions of Huerta de Soto (2010) about the impossibility of economic calculation in socialism. With this synthesis, the entrepreneurial theory of social and cultural change is reinforced to (1) refute any political action aimed to achieve social and cultural changes, and (2) to claim the entrepreneur as the driving force of all social phenomena. The paper concludes that, as in the market sphere, the government cannot effectively implement policies oriented to social and cultural change, since it cannot acquire the knowledge necessary to plan society and social relationships.


We write to express several concerns following our review of a recent case report regarding the potential for an organic phosphorus compound to induce peripheral neuropathy following a possible dermal exposure (1). While it is true that organic phosphorus compounds have been reported to cause both acute and delayed peripheral neuropathy, the conclusions in this case report are not substantiated by the information provided. The initial presentation of this patient may not even be related to the pesticide exposure. The time course to the onset of the illness after the exposure was not specified. The potential contact with the agent was brief (about 15 minutes) and via a dermal route (the potential for inhalation is uncertain from the records). While many organic phosphorus compounds can be absorbed topically, chlorpyriphos is poorly absorbed through intact skin with one study suggesting less than 5% of a topical dose is bioavailable (2). Solvents such as xylene may enhance dermal absorption of the compound; however, severe systemic cholinergic toxicity and permanent neurologic injury after a 15-minute application is unlikely even if there was a potential for inhalational exposure. When adequate decontamination is performed as described in this case, the absolute amount absorbed may be even less. Second, the permanence of this patient's symptoms as noted in the report suggests organic phosphorus compound delayed peripheral neuropathy (OPIND). However, the time course in this case is not typical for OPIND, the type of organic phosphorus-induced neuropathy thought to result from inhibition of neurotoxic esterase (NTE). Most classic descriptions of NTE inhibition in humans leading to long-lasting or permanent neuropathies have occurred from exposures to noninsecticidal compounds that do not affect acetylcholinesterase, such as triorthocresyl phosphate (TOCP). In these cases and others involving insecticides, the onset of peripheral signs and symptoms occurs over days to weeks (3). Patients with significant acute exposures to organic phosphorus compounds can present with rapid onset of weakness and paralysis from excess acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction, but this has not been reported to occur with normal cholinesterase levels due to the severity of poisoning required. In addition, if this patient's initial symptoms resulted from early cholinesterase inhibition at motor end-plates, we would have expected this to improve or resolve over the ensuing days to weeks as cholinesterase activity recovered. Incidentally, chlorpyrifos has much greater activity for acetycholine inhibition than for NTE inhibition (3), and to our knowledge there has never been a well-documented case of acute exposure to this compound leading to delayed or permanent neuropathy that did not result in significant reductions in measured cholinesterase activity. A previous case series cited in this case report suggested that a sensory neuropathy was associated with chlorpyrifos exposure; however, review of the cases presented reveals that most were chronic exposures with limited documentation of the exposure except by history, and most had a delayed presentation of the their complaints with eventual complete resolution (4). Interestingly, the red blood cell cholinesterase activity in this patient was measured 4 days after the exposure and was normal. We agree that ''normal'' cholinesterase activity may be seen in individuals with preexisting elevated activity (i.e. congenital or in patients with nephrotic syndrome), but for a patient


Some languages take on a different viewpoint: they perceive the model to be a mathematical one, whereby the machine is a huge mathematical ``brain'' capable of performing certain computations rapidly and unerringly, but of otherwise unknown construction. Such languages are less likely to deal with memory locations and assignments, and more likely to deal with functions and their evaluation. The core of Scheme, which we will discuss here, is one such language.


Background: Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) run a high risk of behavioral problems. Their parents are also at risk of mental health and reduced quality of life. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of group mindfulness-based stress reduction on the parents of ADHD children and their mental health, quality of life, and behavioral problems. Methods: We conducted this single-blind randomized controlled clinical trial on 76 mothers with ADHD children aged 8-16 years referred to the clinics affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. We randomly divided the patients into intervention and control groups. Group therapy included eight 45-minute sessions in two months and a three-month follow-up. The employed instruments were Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire-parent form (SDQ-P), General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28), and Health related quality of life-short form-36 (HRQOL-SF-36). We analyzed all data by SPSS, and P values less than 0.05 were statistically significant. Results: After the intervention, the overall mean score for GHQ-28 (P<0.01) and dimensions of HRQOL-SF-36 (P<0.01), physical (P<0.001), and mental health significantly increased (P<0.01) and SDQ-P decreased (P<0.01) in the intervention group compared to the control group. Conclusion: Group mindfulness-based stress reduction was effective on mental health and quality of life in the parents of children with ADHD and could decrease child behavioral problems.


M athematics 2013, the continuation of the series of annual one day conferences on mathematics and its applications took place on 14 March. It was again held at Mary Ward House in Tavistock Place, London. The aim of this series of conferences is to bring together people with an interest in mathematics and its applications to be introduced to a number of wide-ranging mathematical issues from sectors such as government, academic research, industry, education, finance etc. This year the theme of the conference was the mathematics of planet Earth; an IMA contribution to the global activities being undertaken as part of the international Mathematics of Planet Earth 2013 programme [1]. Around 70 people attended to network with others, listen to a superb range of talks and enjoy the reception in the late afternoon. Robert MacKay FRS, CMath FIMA, the current President of the IMA, thanked everyone for coming and gave a brief introduction to the day after noting that it was pi-day (14 March, or 3.14 using the US dating convention)! 1 Swine-flu BLOCKINand BLOCKINepidemic BLOCKINmodelling Ken Eames FIMA (London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine) and Ellen Brooks-Pollock FIMA (University of Cambridge) provided an entertaining double act as they described the model they'd produced to represent the relationships among the numbers of people susceptible to, infected by and recovered from the swine-flu epidemic in the UK in 2009. A significant feature of their model is that children and adults are treated as separate, but interacting, groups, with the children generally having many more interactions with others than adults, during school terms. This accounts for the double peak in number of infections, one peak either side of the school summer holiday, observed during 2009. Their model predictions are compared with observations in the figure below. They described how mathematical modelling can help determine vaccination strategy, but noted that getting good data can be a problem. To help with data collection with regard to flu, they encouraged everyone to register with the online flu-survey [3]. Valerio Lucarini (Universities of Hamburg and Reading) considered climate dynamics as a problem of statistical mechanics. He noted that our climate is a complex system, which means it is composed of interconnected parts that, as a whole, exhibit collective properties which transcend the features of the individual parts. The scientific method is challenged as theoretical models can't be compared with repeated experiments – there's only one …


Ectrodactyly–ectodermal dysplasia–cleft lip/palate (EEC) syndrome is an autosomal dominant form of ectodermal dysplasia associated with limb anomalies and orofacial clefting. The TP63 gene has been shown to be the cause of the disease, and some tentative genotype–phenotype correlations have been reported. We describe a familial case of EEC syndrome, diagnosed in two siblings affected by severe ectrodactyly and mild ectodermal dysplasia, without clefting. Moreover, one of the siblings had a history of delayed developmental milestones in the first years of life. Family history revealed mild hand malformations in the father and grandfather, who were not available for clinical evaluation. The TP63 gene molecular study showed in both siblings a heterozygous H208D mutation, which has not been previously reported to our knowledge, suggesting that this molecular lesion is associated with EEC syndrome without orofacial clefting.


Ultra-wideband (UWB) radio is a fast-emerging technology with many unique attractive features that promotes major advances in wireless communications, networking, radar, imaging, and positioning systems. Here, we propose a microstrip antenna with an ultra-wideband frequency. Because of the round corner of the rectangular slot and partial rectangular patch, the bandwidth of the antenna is enhanced largely. Good agreement between the measurement and simulation has been achieved. To validate the simulation results, prototypes of the proposed antenna are fabricated and tested. Measured results show a good agreement with simulated results. The prototype with overall size of 138 mm × 40 mm achieves good impedance matching, constant gain, and stable radiation patterns. The impedance bandwidth of the antenna reaches up from 600 MHz to 6.0 GHz for S11. Meanwhile, a good omnidirectional radiation performance has also been achieved.


Abstract A systematic study of the catalytic activity and nuclease stability of selectively modified hammerhead ribozymes has resulted in the identification of a generic motif containing 5 ribose residues and 31 2′- modified sugars (1). This substructure has been further elaborated to include phosphorothioate linkages. Although oligodeoxyribonucleotides containing phosphorothioate linkages have been studied extensively, similarly substituted RNA molecules or ribozymes have not been explored at-length. The synthesis and purification of these ribozymes is discussed (2).


Our country has great wealth in its territory, natural areas, archaeological remains, among others that endow it with great tourist potential. However, many of these are unknown and considered as places of passage. This is the actual situation of the Salinas and Aguada Blanca Nature Reserve, located between the city of Arequipa and the Colca Canyon. It's a beautiful place with attractive landscapes, remains of cave paintings, and home of vegetation and fauna in danger of extinction.
The reserve is traveled by thousands of tourists, so the approach is to consolidate the Pampa Canahuas Village, a midpoint on the route and place where today there is a rest stop where tourists can consume some typical beverage or food and buy handicrafts made by the villagers.
The new design of the town is developed around the main square and some minor squares called "Eco-Patios" with which it seeks to provide the town with a self-sustainable and bioclimatic development. Likewise, the main element of the town is the Museum, a place that will serve to publicize the Reserve. In addition to the internal exhibition, the proposal includes spaces that relate directly to the landscape, allowing visitors to interact with their surroundings through views.
The Museum and town, have the purpose of making known the Reserve, not only its tourist attractions but also the inhabitants, a modern "Tambo"


This paper is a sequel to [4]. Our main concern here is to study the FN bases, which correspond to classical notions like heirs and definable extensions. We also attempt to characterize these notions in our context. This leads to the use of tools like ultrapower constructions. We continue to work under the assumptions and using the notation of [4, §1]. For example, we require a sufficiently saturated model of a fixed complete theory T in a language , and ℒ and A and B are used to denote (not necessarily small) subsets of M. The concept of FN basis is defined in [4, Definition 3.2]. Nonforking is defined in [4, Definitions 2.2 and 3.7]. This paper is organized as follows: §1 deals with heirs and definability. The classical result stating that definability is equivalent to the uniqueness of an heir is generalized (Theorem 1.7). §2 uses an ultrapower to prove the existence of an heir (Corollary 2.6). We also determine exactly when embeddability into an ultrapower is possible. §3 relates ultrapowers to flatness and nonforking. In sharp contrast to the classical case, ultrapowers of FN bases need not be nonforking; but some criteria are established (Propositions 3.2 and 3.3, and Theorem 3.4). Finally, definability is characterized as the flatness of all ultrapowers (Theorem 3.6).


This paper studies a family of heterogeneous Bayesian decentralized data fusion problems. Heterogeneous fusion considers the set of problems in which either the communicated or the estimated distributions describe different, but overlapping, states of interest which are subsets of a larger full global joint state. On the other hand, in homogeneous decentralized fusion, each agent is required to process and communicate the full global joint distribution. This might lead to high computation and communication costs irrespective of relevancy to an agent's particular mission, for example, in autonomous multi-platform multi-target tracking problems, since the number of states scales with the number of targets and agent platforms, not with each agent's specific local mission. In this paper, we exploit the conditional independence structure of such problems and provide a rigorous derivation for a family of exact and approximate, heterogeneous, conditionally factorized channel filter methods. Numerical examples show more than 95% potential communication reduction for heterogeneous channel filter fusion, and a multi-target tracking simulation shows that these methods provide consistent estimates.


The paper explores and analyzes the Northern Shaanxi Folk Songs created during the 1930s-1940s.Folk songs praising the hero Liu Zhidan are focused on.Firstly,Northern Shaanxi Folk Songs make a great value in the history of music for their distinctive revolutionary thoughts.Secondly,Creative techniques and artistic creational value are collated and analyzed.Finally,a large number of composers are studied for their great contributions to the diversity of the world national music.


Abstract Background Cryptococcosis affects 1 in 270 solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients with high mortality. In HIV-infected patients, cryptococcal antigen (CRAG) is detectable in blood weeks to months before symptomatic infection and screening is recommended. No screening guidelines exist for SOT recipients. Methods We performed a cost-effectiveness analysis of CRAG screening amongst SOT recipients. We estimated costs of screening from Medicare reimbursement of $16.49 for CPT 87899 (Infectious agent antigen detection by immunoassay). We determined the number at risk from a large cohort of 42,634 adult SOT recipients from ICD-9 CM billing data from HCUP State Inpatient Databases of Florida (2006–2012), New York (2006–2011), and California (2004–2010). Cost of screening was compared with the cost of inpatient hospitalization. Results Among 42,634 adult SOT recipients, 158 (0.37%) developed cryptococcosis at a median time of 15.5 months (range 0.1 -80) after transplant. During the 43 month follow-up, there was approximately 2.5% annual mortality. The estimated cost of hospital care for cryptococcal meningitis per person is approximately $70,000 in 2016 with current explosive cost of flucytosine at ~$29,000 per 2 weeks. Thus, the total estimated cost of hospital care in the cohort would be $11.0 million in 2016. In comparison, the cost to screen all 42,634 SOT recipients every three months would be $8.8 million. If CRAG screening could detect 75% of asymptomatic cryptococcal antigenemia prior to symptomatic disease requiring prolonged hospitalization, it would be approximately cost neutral ($11.5 million), and even cost saving if above 80% of hospitalizations are averted. Alternatively stated, for every one hospitalization avoided, 4245 persons could be CRAG screened for similar cost and likely better outcome. Conclusion Assuming the ability of routine screening to identify 75% of patients who would develop invasive cryptococcosis; CRAG screening every 3 months among SOT recipients likely would be at least cost neutral to the healthcare system. Antecedent duration of cryptococcal antigenemia prior to symptomatic disease in Non-HIV/SOT cohorts to inform optimal screening intervals should be further studied. Prospective SOT cohorts should validate this approach to save lives in a cost-effective manner. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.


The page number problem is to determine the minimum number of pages in a book in which a graph G can be embedded with the vertices placed in a sequence along the spine and the edges on the pages of the book such that no two edges cross each other in any drawing. In this paper we have (a) statistically evaluated five heuristics for ordering vertices on the spine for minimum number of edge crossings with all the edges placed in a single page, (b) statistically evaluated four heuristics for distributing edges on a minimum number of pages with no crossings for a fixed ordering of vertices on the spine and (c) implemented and experimentally evaluated a hybrid evolutionary algorithm (HEA) for solving the pagenumber problem. In accordance with the results of (a) and (b) above, in HEA, placement of vertices on the spine is decided using a random depth first search of the graph and an edge embedding heuristic adapted from Chung et al. is used to distribute the edges on a minimal number of pages. The results of experiments with HEA on selected standard and random graphs show that the algorithm achieves the optimal pagenumber for the standard graphs. HEA performance is also compared with the Genetic Algorithm described by Kapoor et al. It is observed that HEA gives a better solution for most of the graph instances.


The Nganasan langauge is rich in adjectival suffixes. Some of the adjectival suffixes simply have been considered as derivational suffixes of "adjectiveness" without any further function, however several earlier studies on the Nganasan language have previously mentioned some correlations of certain semantic domains and the morphology of their terms. The paper provides deeper analysis of the linguistic data and depicts its typological parallels and uniqueness. The domains referring and seem to appear as a part of the domain of and because of the low number of its members they have not became subjects of consideration. The correlation between domains and suffixes are not exclusive, e.g.: suffix of also occurs in and , e.g. kolsajkuə 'long' etc. Suffixes -əgə and ńəəgə clearly cover their own domain. Among the causes of the overlapings the different productivity of the suffixes, the different degrees of semantic transparency of the derivated forms and the unclear origin of the suffixes with their unclear etymology can also be mentioned. Although the correlations are strong and show strict tendencies, the suffixes can not been considered as classifiers because they dominate only their "own" domain, but not exclusively.


An electron beam may be used to generate bremsstrahlung photons that go on to create photoneutrons within metals. This serves as a low-energy neutron source for irradiation experiments [1-3]. In this article, we present simulation results for optimizing photoneutron yield for a 10-MeV electron beam on tantalum foil and erbium deuteride (ErD$_3$). The thickness of the metal layers was varied. A tantalum foil thickness of 1.5 mm resulted in the most photons reaching the second metal layer. When a second metal layer of ErD$_3$ was included, the photoneutron yield increased with the thickness of the secondary layer. When the electron beam was directly incident upon a layer of ErD$_3$, the photoneutron yield did not differ significantly from the yield when a layer of tantalum was included. The directional photoneutron yield reached a maximum level when the thickness of the ErD$_3$ layer was around 12 cm. About 1 neutron was generated per $10^4$ source electrons. When using a 2-mA beam current, it is possible to generate up to $10^{ 12}$ neutrons per second, making this combination a relatively-inexpensive neutron generator.


In this paper the results of the experimental characterization of a low threshold nonlinear bistable device in case of a low frequency input rotational motion are presented. The device has been investigated in case of a bi-directional uniform circular motion in the range of angular positions (45°-135°). The experimental results demonstrate the capability of the investigated device to generate powers up to 3S $\mu \text{W}$ with the optimal resistive load of $750~\Omega $ in case of an input root mean square acceleration of 4.95 m/$\mathrm {s}^{2}$ with a power conversion efficiency of about 4.3 %.


Several multiuser detectors for code-division mul- tiple-access (CDMA) systems have been studied recently. We propose a new decorrelating decision-feedback detector (DF) for synchronous CDMA which utilizes decisions of the stronger users when forming decisions for the weaker ones. The complexity of DF is linear in the number of users, and it requires only one decision per user. Performance gains with respect to the linear decorrelating detector are more significant for relatively weak users, and the error probability of the weakest user approaches the single-user bound as interferers grow stronger. The error rate of DF is compared to those of the decorrelator and the two-stage detector.


Abstract With today's competition, organisations are facing challenges from the economic, social, and scientific environment, workplace environment, and never-ending expectations of customers. To win over these situations requires a learning organisation that has the capability to adopt, renew, and energise itself to match the changing and challenging environment. This study analyses the level of learning of individuals and the organisation, which in turn influences the performance of a private-sector bank. The study used a questionnaire to collect the primary data based on the theoretical framework developed by . For the purpose of this assessment the researchers used regression analysis and the partial least square-structural equation model (PLS-SEM). The analysis throws light on the fact that there exists association between the learning organisation and the bank's performance. A leading, established, private-sector bank in south India has been taken as a sample study for understanding how the concept of a learning organisation has helped the bank to improve its performance.


In this paper it is presented and researched the possibility of using the differential evolution (DE) algorithm to solve the frequency assignment problem (FAP). This problem involves a free assignment of a number of available frequencies to a set of requesters, subject to a set of specified constraints given by an interference matrix. Hence, it is a very important problem in the telecommunications area (especially in GSM networks -global system for mobile). In this work, by the first time, the performance of DE is evaluated using for the results seven well-known benchmark problems on the MS-FAP (minimum span frequency assignment problem). Furthermore, we also compare the influence of each configuration parameter of the DE, presenting the most important conclusions.


Competing technologies in emerging industries create uncertainties that discourage supplier investments. Open technology can induce supplier investments, but may also lead to intensified future competition. In this paper, we study competing manufacturers' open-technology strategies. We show that despite the risk of intensifying future competition, open technologies by competing manufacturers may constitute an equilibrium and can indeed induce supplier investments. In addition, we identify a technology-risk-pooling benefit; namely, by opening technologies, competing manufacturers can induce supplier investments in both technologies and later adopt the one preferred by the market. However, manufacturers may also exhibit the prisoner's dilemma and close their technologies despite the risk-pooling benefit. In this case, there is potential for collaborative technology sharing through cross licensing. Finally, we show that manufacturers may sometimes close their technologies to force supplier investments.

This paper has an e-companion at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2016.0598 .


Department of Education has a mission to improve the quality of education by conducting quality improvement programs in aspects of facilities/infrastructure, curriculum, and the availability of qualified teachers. By conducting an exemplary teacher assessment, which aims to provide incentives to teachers to excel in the field of competence.Based on the he survey taken from City Education Department states that exemplary teacher assessment is currently done manually. Decision Support System is expected to improve performance and simplify the process of selection of candidates. In this study, the data exemplary teacher candidate selection used includes teacher data repot that contains the marks of the orientation of services, integrity, commitment, discipline, cooperation, leadership, performance and behavior. The proposed methods to solve the the exemplary teacher selection are PROMETHEE and TOPSIS methods.Based on the test performed showed that , the precision, recall, and accuracy parameter of the selection of the exemplary teacher candidates, have been produced 91.19%, 54.31% and 88.41% respectively for PROMETHEE method , and have been resulted 90.50% 74.91% and 94.34% respectively, for TOPSIS method. Therefore, the TOPSIS method has a better performance compared with the PROMETHEE method. Keywors: Calon guru teladan, sistem pendukung keputusan, metode PROMETHEEE, dan metode TOPSIS.


By virtue of lifting scheme, the constnction relation among CDF biorthogonal wavelet is discussed. By virtue of our algorithm 1, the lifting scheme relation in every group of the initial three group CDF biorthogonal wavelet is discussed. And combining with theory of plane pencil, the 8 CDF biotthogonal wavelet different from Cohen's paper are obtained. We also disscuss how to find the lifting coefficient about the two given CDF biorthogonal wavelet, Algorithm 2 is also offered.