We conduct a laboratory experiment, in which subjects decide whether to enter a tournament, in which they have to perform a real eort task. In one treatment subjects receive advice on whether to participate in the tournament. Advice is given by subjects who have already had some experience with the same decision and have some informational advantage. We show that advice significantly improves the entry decision of subjects. The total costs of wrong entry decisions go significantly down and the payos of those who receive advice go up. This is mainly driven by the fact that high ability women enter the tournament significantly more often while low ability men enter significantly less often. Though the gender gap in tournament entry is reduced, it still persists. Overall, advice given tends to be 'good' advice. Finally, we find that women are slightly more hesitant than men to advice entry into tournament.


Infrared medical thermography is a current, accurate, quantifiable, objectivable and non-contact patient diagnostic technique that is used to visualize and quantify surface temperature changes using high-performance thermal imaging cameras. With this work we develop the update of the standard protocol of preparation of the subject with risk foot for the taking of the images by means of infrared thermography.


They have deIgned to meet: Deep Thought was not below Kasparov's notIce and the outcome was not even In doubt. Deep Thought deservedly was crushed. Yet It IS worth notmg that Kasparov and who needs remmdIng that he IS the current World ChampIOn went on record for havIng studIed 50 games of hIS opponent to be. This, In Itself, IS a more tellIng piece of eVidence for Deep Thought bemg a worthy opponent than any other we could conceive of.


The infrared multiple photon process in the presence of a static electric field has been examined theoretically by employing a classical model. It is found that even a relatively small electric field (in comparison to the electric field of the laser) can significantly increase the fraction of molecules in an ensemble that absorbs energy from the laser. This effect is most prominent at low laser powers. Although these results are for hydrogen fluoride they are in qualitative agreement with recent experiments for CF2HC1.


In order to study the performance of initiators affected by electro-static discharge(ESD), a ESD simulator was used to bring high voltage stimulus to exploding bridgewire detonators. Then the damage effects caused by ESD were observed by microfocus X-ray industrial volume computed tomography(μCT), and the performance parameters of detonators after ESD stimulation were tested. The results shows that there is no change for performance of the detonator in the condition of electro-static stimulation between bridgewires, while stimulation between bridgewire and shell makes damage to initial explosive to some extent, the affected process of explosive results in no fire for part of detonators naturally. The research contributes to realize the performance of exploding bridgewire detonators affected by ESD.


The aim of this study was to examine the effect of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy training on mental skills of young soccer players. For this purpose, 30 soccer players were assigned to an experimental group of 15 players (intervention based on Mindfulness) and control group of 15 players that participations' age ranged from 17 to 20 years old in provincial competitions in the year 2017-18. Athletes in the experimental group participated in MBCT course over eight weekly sessions of 2 h each. The control group did not receive any intervention. Before and after interventions Ottawa mental skills assessment tool questionnaire (Omsat-3) were used to collect data. The results of MANOVA showed that significant improvement in all sub-scales scores; Focusing (P=0.001), Refocusing (P=0.001), Imagery (P=0.001), Mental practice (P=0.001), and Competition planning (P=0.001) in the experimental group than control group. According to these findings, we concluded that Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy training is appropriate to improve the level of cognitive skills of soccer players.


This study has selected Codex Sinaiticus and Mark 1:1 as a test case to propose a new way for Greek New Testament editions and translations to present textual uncertainties in manuscripts. The article suggests that editors and translators use a partial cancellation type of erasure in a continuous line over problematic text. This method draws inspiration from a technique used by Martin Heidegger and Jacques Derrida known as sous rature (under erasure). This form of limited cancellation aims to expel indifference and elicit a visceral reaction in the reader. The technique also has a philosophical and theological aim, namely, to work within Heidegger's view of truth as a process of hiding and revealing. Finally, the limited cancellation, which both conceals and shows, fits with the theme of "messianic secret" in Mark's Gospel, wherein Jesus both reveals and hides his identity.


In ILO Recommendation No. 195 "On human resource development: education, training and continuing education" (adopted in Geneva on 17.06.2004 at the 92nd session of the ILO General conference) it is stated that member States should ensure the development and strengthening of vocational education and training systems that provide adequate opportunities for the development and certification of skills that meet the requirements of the labour market. The Labor Code of the Russian Federation contains a set of legal norms that regulate the relationship between training and additional professional education of employees and job seekers. The analysis of these norms allows us to conclude that employers can either conduct training on their own training and production base, or send employees to study in educational organizations with guarantees for maintaining their jobs, average wages, and travel expenses coverage. In both cases, the training and additional professional education of employees are carried out at the expense of the employer. The corresponding expenses of the employer can be called investments, because as a result of training employees and job seekers, there should be a useful effect in the future in the form of work of a certain quality. The paper analyzes the current problems of economic interests protection of the employers who provide training for employees and job seekers at their own expense. The author reveals contradictions in the rules of the labour code and in judicial practice regarding the determination of the composition of the expenses of the employer related to the learning conditions of the student agreement and learning agreement on the work repayment period with the employer, on reimbursement of training costs in case of dismissal without valid reasons. The author proves the need to strengthen the legal mechanism for employers' investments protection for employee training, but at the same time draws attention to the protection of employee rights as the economically weaker side of the employment contract. In particular, it is proposed to exclude paid wages and scholarships from the employer's reimbursable expenses for training an employee or student, since they are necessary for the existence of the employee or student. The study of doctrinal, regulatory and judicial sources on employee training at the expense of the employer resulted in proposals for amendments to articles 4, 207, 249 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation.


Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is one of the refractory chemicals that is widely used in several industries as raw material and may be released into receiving waters through unsanitary disposal of different wastewaters. This compound is considered as a hard biodegradable and resistant material and is harmful to human health. Its presence in water resources causes a disturbance in the deposition and removal of heavy metals and the formation of foam in water treatment processes. Therefore, in the current research, for the first time, we investigated the performances of Mn3O4/H2O2, Mn3O4/H3K5O18S4 methods in PVA removal from aqueous solutions. The effect of variables such as the concentration of peroxymonosulfate, hydrogen peroxide, Mn3O4 nanoparticle, PVA and contact time on the two processes were studied. Moreover, the analyses of X-ray diffraction, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, Barrett– Joyner–Halenda, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and energydispersive X-ray spectroscopy were utilized to characterize the nanoparticles. The results showed that 93.14% and 67.98% of PVA was removed, respectively, by Mn3O4/H2O2 and Mn3O4/H3K5O18S4 under the following optimum conditions pH = 3, peroxymonosulfate concentration = 4.88 mmol/L, Mn3O4 concentration = 0.4 g/L, H2O2 concentration = 20 mmol/L and initial PVA concentration 100 mg/L.


Focusing on the disconnect between mainstream "liberal" peacebuilding and the discourses and practices of "new" and "alternative" peacebuilding actors, this article develops a nonbinary approach that goes beyond norm localization to capture the ways in which major powers influence the nature, content, and direction of normative change. Within the context of their bilateral and multilateral contributions to the "global peacebuilding order," what forms and types of interventions are conceived by these actors as peacebuilding? How, in turn, has the substantive content of their peacebuilding practices (re)shaped norms and narratives in international peacebuilding efforts? Based on extensive empirical research of the peacebuilding policies and activities of China, Japan, and Russia, this article analyzes the way in which these "top-top" dynamics between norms embedded in the liberal narrative and major powers with competing visions can influence peacebuilding as practiced and pursued in host states. In doing so, it brings together research on global norms and peacebuilding studies and offers a simple yet analytically powerful tool to better understand the evolution of global peacebuilding order(s) and the role of rising powers in (re)shaping global governance.


The radar performs three main functions: search, tracing and weapon engagement. Each of functions occupies amount of time, energy and computation resource of the radar system. For cognitive radar, it should have the basic function which is learning. The radar needs to manage its resources dynamically and interactively between the setting of radar parameters to optimize the tasks to be carried out and perceive environment highlights the role in which knowledge and intelligence will be central in cognitive radar performance. The problem discussed here is the time allocation of cognitive radars in a multitarget environment. In this paper, we develop the optimization criterion based on the detection probabilities based on dynamic programming algorithm(DPA).


was confirmed via open-circuit spirometry during the first 15 min of exercise. Superficial femoral artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was measured by high-resolution ultrasonography after an overnight fast (Pre), 1 h following EX (or REST) (Post), and at 1 hour intervals during a 3 hour prolonged sitting challenge. Participants were monitored by study personnel to ensure minimal lower extremity movement during the sitting challenge. Two-way repeated-measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc tests were used to evaluate differences within and between groups. RESULTS: Participants completed the 45 min of treadmill exercise at 65.6 ± 1.2% VO2max (range = 60.9-72.6%). Resting femoral artery diameter and FMD responses (2.7 ± 0.6% and 2.6 ± 0.5% for EX and REST, respectively) did not differ between trials at Pre. No time or trial effects were detected for resting arterial diameter (P≥0.28). Compared with Pre, participants' FMD responses decreased at 1, 2, and 3 hours of prolonged sitting (P<0.05) when preceded by REST, whereas FMD responses were unaffected when prolonged sitting was preceded by EX (P≥0.33). In the REST trial, resting shear rate decreased at 3 hours (P<0.05) relative to Pre. Resting shear rate was unaffected in the EX trial (P≥0.09). CONCLUSION: These preliminary findings suggest that a single bout of aerobic exercise prevents the decline in FMD induced by 3 hours of prolonged sitting in healthy men. Future studies should examine differences due to sex, age, disease status, and exercise modality on VEF responses to prolonged sitting. Supported by College of Education, Health, and Society Seed Grant.


The Congo pig is a zoogenetic resource characteristic of the Santander Department in Colombia. Its genetic diversity was evaluated using 12 different microsatellites, from 37 blood samples. DNA was extracted using Corpogen 2000 kit®; the microsatellites were amplified using PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) and electrophoresis of vertical chamber for typification. Using software (Genetix®) the observed heterozygosity (Ho) and expected heterozygosity (He), the number of alleles for each locus, the allelic frequency and the FIS statistics were calculated. The polymorphic indices (PIC) were calculated using the microsatellite excel Toolkit. The twelve microsatellites employed were polymorphic, a total of 52 alleles were detected, with a median of 4.3 alleles. The (He) range interval values was 0.42 (minimal markers S009 and SW240) – 0.76 (Maximal marker CGA1). The medium Ho was 35%, the majority of the markers were useful with polymorphism information content (PIC) superior to 0.5. The inbreeding index (FIS 0.5) reveals a high deficit of heterozygotes. This finding strongly suggests a low genetic variability of the Santander Congo pig, suggests a possible trend of increase in consanguinity, possibly related to a reduced population size.


ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic has forced many employees to work from home. Organizational bulk emails now play a critical role to reach employees with central information in this work-from-home environment. However, we know from our own recent work that organizational bulk email has problems: recipients fail to retain the bulk messages they received from the organization; recipients and senders have different opinions on which bulk messages were important; and communicators lack technology support to better target and design messages. In this position paper, first we review the prior work on evaluating, designing, and prototyping organizational communication systems. Second we review our recent findings and some research techniques we found useful in studying organizational communication. Last we propose a research agenda to study organizational communications in remote work environment and suggest some key questions and potential study directions. Keywords bulk email, remote work, organizational communication ABOUT THE AUTHOR/S RUOYAN KONG University of Minnesota – Twin Cities firstname.lastname@example.com I am Ruoyan Kong (www.ruoyankong.com). I am now a 2nd-year computer science phd student in Grouplens lab, U of Minnesota, working with Prof. Joseph Konstan. I'm interested in Human-computer Interaction, in the design of systems that use economic mechanisms and incentives to lead people to the behaviors that actually make things work. I've been working on the challenge of organization email — manage the balance between employee time, energy, and value of communication channels. HAIYI ZHU Carnegie Mellon University firstname.lastname@example.com I am the Daniel P. Siewiorek Assistant Professor of Human-Computer Interaction at Carnegie Mellon University. I received a B.S in Computer Science from Tsinghua University and an M.S. and a Ph.D. in Human-Computer Interaction from Carnegie Mellon University. I have received multiple NSF awards (CRII, Cyber Human System, EAGER on AI and Society, and Fairness in AI), several paper awards in venues such as CHI, CSCW, and Human Factors, and an Allen Newell Award for Research Excellence. I am a social computing researcher. My research interests lie at the intersection of human-computer interaction, machine learning, and social psychology. I have broad interests in the design and social impact of AI technologies in online and offline communities. JOSEPH A. KONSTAN University of Minnesota – Twin Cities firstname.lastname@example.com Joseph A. Konstan is Distinguished McKnight Professor and Distinguished University Teaching Professor in the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at the University of Minnesota, where he also holds the title Adjunct Professor of Public Health. His research addresses a variety of human-computer interaction issues, including personalization (particularly through recommender systems), eliciting on-line participation, designing computer systems to improve public health, and ethical issues in research online. He is probably best known for his work in collaborative filtering recommenders (the GroupLens project, which recently won the ACM Software Systems Award). New Future of Work 2020, August 3–5, 2020 © 2020 Copyright held by the owner/author(s).


During the past 20 years, legislative and judical actions have affected Supplemental Security Income and Disability Insurance beneficiaries. This article compares important changes in demographics, income sources and amounts, and poverty status of beneficiaries of both programs between 1984 and 1999, using data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation matched to administrative data from the Social Security Administration. The average age of both groups has decreased, while their education levels increased. In 1999, Disability Insurance beneficiaries and their families relied less on Social Security, while their poverty rate remained fairly constant. The Supplemental Security Income population had a lower poverty rate, while beneficiaries were slightly more reliant on Social Security for personal income. Summary Social Security has paid benefits to persons insured for disability since 1956 under its Disability Insurance program and, since 1974, to the low-income aged, blind, and disabled under its Supplemental Security Income program. Over time major demographic, economic, and societal changes have affected the underlying populations who are eligible for these programs, and legislation and court decisions have affected the programs themselves. This article capitalizes on the availability of data collected by the U.S. Census Bureau in its Survey of Income and Program Participation that go back to 1984 and that have been linked to Social Security administrative records. It examines changes in the Disability Insurance and Supplemental Security Income beneficiary populations between 1984 and 1999, the latest year for which Survey of Income and Program Participation data linked to administrative records are available. Both the Disability Insurance and Supplemental Security Income populations have experienced marked growth and compositional changes in that 15-year period. * The average age of both groups decreased. The Supplemental Security Income population is much more likely to be working-aged and less likely to be aged. The Disability Insurance population is much more likely to be under the age of 55. * Marital status has shifted for both groups as a result of underlying trends in the population and the types of beneficiaries on the rolls. The Disability Insurance population is more likely to be divorced and less likely to be married. The Supplemental Security Income population is more likely to be never married and less likely to be widowed. * Both groups are on average more educated in 1999 than they were in 1984, although half of the adult Supplemental Security Income population has not graduated from high school. In 1999, the Disability Insurance population had about the same level of average personal and family income (almost $13,000 and $30,000, respectively, in 1999 dollars) and a similar poverty rate (about 22%) as it had in 1984. However, Disability Insurance beneficiaries and their families were less dependent on Social Security and relied more heavily on family earnings and a range of other sources of income in 1999. Disability Insurance beneficiaries had relied on Social Security for over 70 percent of their own income and over 50 percent of their family income in 1984. In 1999, reliance on Social Security was about 15 percentage points lower: 58 percent of personal income and 36 percent of family income. The Supplemental Security Income population in 1999 had slightly higher average income (personal and family) and a lower poverty rate than it did in 1984. The poverty rate among beneficiaries declined from 47 percent in 1984 to 42 percent in 1999. In 1999, Supplemental Security Income beneficiaries were slightly more reliant on the program for personal income (64 percent of income on average compared with 58 percent in 1984) but had about the same level of reliance for their family income (40 percent). The families of Supplemental Security Income beneficiaries in 1999 are relying more on earnings and less on Social Security benefits received by the Supplemental Security Income recipient or other family members. …


For designing reliable wireless body area network (WBAN) systems, channel modeling plays an important role. Antenna de-embedding, in which the contribution of antennas is separately modeled from the channel, has been one of the biggest challenges in WBAN channel modeling. While the antenna de-embedding in mobile communication has been achieved by double-directional channel modeling, this approach can not be applied to the WBAN channel because the antennas are operating close to the human body. Instead, this paper evaluates an antenna de-embedding scheme using spherical-wave-functions (SWFs). The antennas are modeled by the spherical wave coefficients. The channel without the antennas is modeled by a mode-to-mode mapping matrix M which describes the relationship between the radiated and impinging spherical waves. This paper shows the numerical validation of the transmit antenna model. The E-field distribution throughout the region is successfully reproduced by the antenna model in the proposed approach.


The Meeting was focused on high-quality studies in basic and
clinical neuropsychopharmacology. Symposia, educational and
poster sessions, Mentor-Mentees discusions promoted the
exchange of knowledge between scientist from the Central/East
European countries and from all over the world. Abstracts were
published in the English supplement of the Czech scientific
journal Psychiatrie.


Assessment of shellfish •resources in Balete Bay, Davao Oriental was made from March 1994 to January 1995 to determine their status and level of exploitation of most commercially exploited species in the area. Sampling followed a modified technique of the standard procedure for soft-bottom organisms. Monthly size measurements of Strombus urceus and Placuna placenta, the most commercially exploited species were made. Representative samples of other species were collected for identification purposes while some abiotic factors were also monitored. About 55 species were identified With total density ranging from less than 1 to 7 inds./m2 . S. urceus was the most dominant species being the highest in both total density (7 inds./m2) and relative abundance (24%). They were most abundant in S3 and S4 that have sandy-muddy to sandy substratum with vegetation. P. placenta, with a total density of 3 ind./m2 and relative abundance of 9% was mostly confined in the muddy substratum of S1 and S2. Some species were ubiquitous while others were restricted in occurrence. Shannon's Diversity Index revealed that S2 and S3 were more diverse areas and S6 had low diversity. Rarefactions Method showed that S3 was high in species richness while Sl and S5 were less rich in species. Frequency and size frequency distribution of S. urceus and P. placenta showed a fluctuating trend throughout the sampling   period and correlation test on physico-chemical parameters showed their community zonation is strongly influenced by granulometry gradients from landward to the seaward zone.


This study evaluated the ecological and taxonomic correlates of seed mass variation among 648 angiosperm species of the Indiana Dunes region (1 13 families, 507 genera in the original flora). The sample represented 50% of the species, 60% of the genera, and 67% of the families reported from the area. Species were chosen at random from the published flora. Each species was characterized by family membership, habitat, life history, phenological characters, and native vs. alien status, in order to determine the relationship among species between these variables and mean seed mass. Unique to this study are measurements of the effects of phenology and taxonomic family on seed mass. Each species occurred in - 1 of 13 habitat types described in the Indiana Dunes flora. To determine the effect of apparent water and light availability on seed mass, each habitat was assigned to one of four categories representing combinations of inferred water and light availability. Life histories or life forms represented were: annuals, biennials, herbaceous vines, parasites, perennials, short-lived perennials, shrubs, small trees, trees, and woody vines. Two phenological variables were available for most species: the time at which flowering begins (early, middle, or late), and the duration of flowering (short: 3 mo). The mean seed mass of each species was established by weighing samples from herbarium specimens in the United States National Herbarium. The frequency distribution of raw seed mass is highly skewed among species, so mean seed mass for each species was assigned to 1 of 14 seed mass classes based on a log scale (cf. Baker 1972). This transformation achieved a nearly normal distribution and made the data presentation comparable to that of Baker. One-way ANOVAs measured the effects of each factor across all other variables; two-way ANOVAs were conducted to detect significant interactions and strong associations between characters; multi-factorial ANOVAs were performed to measure the effect of each class variable independent of the others and to corroborate associations between characters suggested by the two-way ANOVAs. One-way ANOVAs revealed a statistically significant effect of all ecological and taxonomic factors on seed mass, with the exception of native vs. alien status. Seed mass variance was accounted for as follows: family, 30%; life history, 22%; habitat, 8%; water/light category, 5%; onset of flowering, 5%; and duration of flowering, 4%. The smallest seeds were produced by the Scrophulariaceae and the largest by the Fabaceae, Liliaceae, and Rosaceae. The largest seeded species lived in closed habitats: wooded dunes, thickets, and wet dunes. Small- seeded species were associated with open habitats: wet dunes, aquatic habitats, marshes, and streamsides. Light availability was a better predictor of relative seed mass than was inferred water availability. The strong effect of life history on seed mass was due primarily to the extremely large seeds produced by trees. Significant differences in seed mass were not detected among life forms producing seeds of intermediate mass (seeds produced by annuals, biennials, perennials, shrubs, small trees, and vines were statistically indistinguishable). Early flowering and flowering of short duration were associated with the production of large seeds. Two-way ANOVAs detected eight significant two-way interactions: family x native vs. alien status, family x life history, family x onset of flowering, habitat x life history, water/light category x life history, water/ light category x native vs. alien status, life history x duration of flowering, and onset of flowering x duration of flowering. These were further evaluated to determine the source of the interaction. Multi-factorial ANOVAs provided measurements of the effects of one class variable on seed mass while all other variables were controlled statistically. The statistical effect on seed mass of each variable independent of the others was much lower than in the one-way ANOVAs. Seed mass variance was explained independently by each variable as follows: family, 13%; life history, 13%; habitat, 4%; water/light category, 3%; onset of flowering, 1 %; and duration of flowering, 1%. Two strong associations were detected in these ANOVAs: an association between family and habitat, and between life history and onset of flowering. Although the effects of ecological and life history characters on seed mass evaluated in this study were highly statistically significant, the R2 values associated with these effects were quite low. For example, habitat accounted for only 4% of the variance in seed mass independent of the other effects measured. This suggests that at the geographic scale investigated in this study, there is no primary habitat-specific ecological attribute that determines the seed mass of a habitat's component species. Seed mass of a species is determined by a combination of its


Among the causes of vertigo or dizziness, diseases of the central nervous system and autonomic inbalance are prominent, but otolaryngeal disease as a cause is rare. Three cases of brainstem infarction with vertigo or dizziness are reported. One patient was a 64-year-old male who experienced sudden vertigo, right hearing loss and right facial nerve palsy. The second patient was a 54-year-old male who experienced dizziness, dysphagia and left paraesthesia. The third patient, a 65-year-old female, experienced defect in visual acuity, vertigo, right facial nerve palsy and left paraesthesia. All three cases recovered with conservative therapy.


This paper aims to build a palmprint recognition system based on Android. Line detection and non-overlapping blocks methods used on the design of palmprint recognition system. Normalized Euclidean distance was used to match the two feature vector. The similarity degrees was measured by the smallest value. The method was applied to the system can result an accuracy rate about 91,32% (FMR = 5,2%, FNMR = 3,68%, T = 0,265). System testing was done as much as 2500 times to the 50 participants with 3 reference images of each user. The factor that influenced on system accuracy was the process of image acquisition. Palmprint images was taken directly by using camera on the android smartphone device.


Summary Objectives: To emphasize the importance of the view of business process management for development and implementation of clinical pathways, and to evaluate their effectiveness in reducing cost and effort as well as enhancing patient satisfaction. Methods: We describe the development and implementation of pathways with methods of process management and the design and realization of an evaluation study in the setting of a surgical department. For this study 67 patients treated without clinical pathways were compared with 62 patients treated using pathways. Results: The approach explicitly enhances the development and implementation of clinical pathways. The introduction of pathways reduces length of hospital stay, number of laboratory tests, number of consultations, and number of imaging procedures. Patient satisfaction is improved. Conclusions: Depending on design and setting, the introduction of clinical pathways may be a very promising method to improve the inpatient service at a hospital and so to react to the challenges of increasing competition in medical care.


- EUCASS 2017, 3-6 Juily, Milan, Italy.
- Datos del Proyecto de Investigacion:
Title: Meteorological Uncertainty Management for Trajectory Based Operations.
Acronym: TBO-Met
Funding EC | H2020
CallH2020-SESAR-2015-1
Topic: Sesar-04-2015 - Environment and Meteorology in ATM
Contract (GA) number 699294
a.. Start Date: 2016/06/01; End Date: 2018/05/31


We demonstrate the potential of the RAVE event reconstruction toolkit for the ILC experiments. RAVE has been run embedded both in the Marlin and the org.lcsim frameworks. It has been used to reconstruct primary as well as secondary interaction vertices – the first results with LCIO data are promising. RAVE already has a lengthy and diverse list of platforms on which it has been run – it is portable. RAVE is ready for the ILC challenges.


In the event of a large-scale natural disaster, families and nations are often unprepared for post-disaster living conditions. Disaster relief shelters are inadequate replacements for destroyed homes; the crowded living space stimulates the spread of illnesses and the lack of electricity exacerbates psychological stress. A modernized shelter equipped with electricity and structural integrity would address several issues imposed by current disaster relief shelter. Using micro-energy harvesting techniques, a SmartShelter has the ability to locally generate sufficient amounts of electricity and provide adequate protection for natural disaster victims. Through its novel design, the SmartShelter utilizes solar, thermal, piezoelectric, and radiofrequency energy harvesting modules to sustain electricity generation and strategically support structural integrity. As a proof-of-concept design, a prototype SmartShelter is proposed using commercially available energy harvesting modules. With this prototype, it will be proven that micro-energy harvesting techniques may be utilized to generate sufficient amounts of power to sustain a low-power generating system.


Over the past decade, several all-sky photometric surveys have taken place or are underway. The typical amateur astronomer might think that these surveys have found everything there is to discover in the sky in the magnitude ranges of their telescopes, and that there is no reason to consider a photometric program. Similar surveys have been performed for asteroids, for example, and it is very hard for an amateur to now discover new, bright asteroids. In fact, the optical photometric surveys have quite the opposite effect for variability studies. While the surveys have been very proficient at finding variable objects, they are not well suited for detailed studies of the objects they find. This talk will highlight the most current surveys and what kind of objects and limitations are present in each. References Henden, A. A. 2003, Gaia Spectroscopy, Science and Technology, ASP Conf Ser 298, U. Munari ed., p. 365. Drissen, L., Shara, M. M., Dopita, M., Wickramashinghe, D. T. 1994, AJ 107, 2172.


BACKGROUND
The Ambu Aura Gain is a newer second-generation supraglottic airway device designed for fibreoptic bronchoscopy (FOB)-guided tracheal intubation.

METHODS
57 patients between 18 months and 6 years of age were randomized to receive either the Ambu Aura-I (n:29) or the Ambu Aura Gain (n:28). Primary endpoint was the time for intubation. Secondary endpoints were the time and number of attempts for device insertion, the feasibility of FOB-guided intubation, the oropharyngeal leak pressure (OLP) the fibreoptic grade of laryngeal view and possible complications.

RESULTS
No difference was found in the time for intubation, the time for device insertion or the fibreoptic grade of laryngeal view. First-attempt device insertion was successful in all (n= 28) patients with Aura Gain (100%) and in 27 (97%) with Aura-i. In the Aura-i group one insertion failed. A significant difference in successful intubation was seen between the Aura-i and the Aura Gain (79% vs 100%, respectively, p=0,0011). Also found was a significant difference in the mean OLP (SD) between the Ambu Aura-i and the Ambu Aura Gain (18 (3) vs 20 (3) cm H2O, respectively; mean difference [MD] - 2 cmH2 O; P = 0.005).

CONCLUSIONS
The Ambu Aura Gain served as a reliable device for FOB-guided tracheal intubation. Even if the time for intubation, when intubation was possible did not differ, the Aura-i showed only 79% intubation success, making it a doubtful device for FOB-guided tracheal intubation in cases of emergency and severe hypoxemia in small children.


An investigation was made to determine the feasibility of applying earth resources data to the detection of air pollution, particularly pollution from coal burning. Efforts were also made to detect any damage caused by such pollution to vegetation growth and tree life. Results show that vegetative vigor even at low ambient concentrations was damaged and that Eastern white pine trees were severely damaged by the pollutants.


The space-charge potential theory in low-pressure thermionic converters is extended to cover emission of electrons at the anode as well as both ion and electron production at the cathode. The contribution of each of these three sources to the charge density is expressed as a function of potential for the ten most important cases. The first integrations of Poisson's equation are given for each of the cases. Previous analytical work by P. L. Auer and by the author reporting first integrations of Polsson's equation without anode emission appears as a special case in this paper. In addition, in each of the ten first-order differential equations there appears a term giving the contribution of anode emission. As before, analytical solution of the first-order differential equations is impossible. For illustrative purposes numerical solutions have been obtained on the IBM 704 computer. Comparison with previous numerical solutions reported by the-author show the effect of anode emission on the space-charge potential in the diode. Also shown in figures is the effect of the variation of parameters for certain selected cases.


A multinomial logit was the primary econometric model used to examine the importance of West Virginia's higher education institutions as a source of skilled employees for the state's private sector. The study confirmed that the analysis of descriptive statistics and empirical results have numerous applications in decision making and policy programs.


In this paper, we address the problem of learning object class models from weakly labeled training images, where labels of object classes are only provided at image level. Such weakly supervised object learning can be considered as a Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) problem. We observed that object instances of a common category are visually similar and when characterized as high-dimensional feature representations, they approximately lie in a low-dimensional subspace. Therefore, we propose to learn a subspace based generative model for solving the weakly supervised object class learning task. The promising empirical studies on real data sets demonstrate that our proposed method is reasonable.


This study aims to analyze the influence of green image on beta and stock return by considering the moderating effect of green image. The research sample consists of 44 proper companies listed in the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2018 to 2022, with a total of 220 year-observations. The study was analyzed using SEM-PLS statistics. The results indicated that green image does not have a significant impact on stock returns but shows a positive directional relationship. Similarly, beta also has no significant effect on stock returns but shows a positive relationship. As a moderating variable, green image moderates the effect of beta on stock returns in a negative direction. This study concludes that companies with a weak green image tend to experience a decrease in stock returns, and vice versa. In this case, green image acts as a moderating factor that affects the strength of the relationship between beta and stock returns. The findings of this study have important implications for practitioners and decision makers in evaluating and improving corporate image related to environmental issues. In addition, this study contributes to the academic literature in the accounting, finance and sustainability by providing a better understanding of the relationship between green image, beta, stock returns, and relevant moderating factors.


A survey was conducted in July 2018 on the public bus system in Santiago, Chile, in which 457 users were asked to respond to a list of 42 statements expressing a range of attitudes on different aspects of the problem of fare evasion. The respondents were first categorized according to whether they had been observed paying or not paying the fare, and their responses were then subjected to separate cluster analyses that partitioned the respondents into groups according to their views on each survey statement. The analyses identified four distinguishable types or groups among those who did not pay the fare—radical, strategic, ambivalent, and accidental evaders—and three groups among those who did pay—proud, empathetic, and circumstantial evaders. The distinguishing factors motivating the decision to pay or not to pay the fare were found generally to reflect values and attitudes or ideologies but were also influenced by users' perception of the social acceptability of evasion, the presence of anti-evasion measures, and how "organized" they were in taking care to have a farecard with them when planning to take a bus.


When the material phases exhibit topological quantum numbers, they host defects protected by the nontrivial topology. Magnetic skyrmions are such ``quantized"objects and although many of them are metals they had been most likely treated in theories as purely classical spin states. Here, we show that the electrons described by the Hubbard model with strong spin-orbit couplings can exhibit various nano- or flake-size skyrmions in their ground state. Importantly, the conducting electrons forming Fermi pockets themselves carry textured magnetic moments in both real and momentum space and on that top, possess Chern numbers in their energy bands. This quantum and conducting skyrmion is related to small skyrmions observed in atomic-layered compounds. We clarify how the effective magnetic interactions and magnetic anisotropies are tied to the spin-orbit coupling, and how they influence the stability of skyrmions beyond the phenomenology.


A Geological Time trail is being developed by LNEG in the Beja Public Garden. Along a 200 m linear path, 1000 Ma are considered, from Precambrian to Quaternary. Fourteen rock samples from South Portugal geological units show igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks, ores and fossils from the South Portuguese and Ossa Morena Zones, Santiago Cacem Mesozoic and Alvalade Neogenic basins. A special jump through time is dedicated to children (1 m = 5 Ma, the time scale). With this project, LNEG and the Beja Municipality aim at promoting the visit of the city and improving culture in geosciences.


Seismic noise induced by wind and rain has been monitored as function of rain intensity and wind speed. Noise samples are compiled and characterized. The present results suggest that landstreamer data are more sensitive to noise induced by wind compared to data recorded by planted geophones. Both planted geophones and geophones mounted on sledges are sensitive to noise induced by rain and show approximately the same noise level but with different characteristics. In order to demonstrate the consequences of wind- and rain-induced noise, different noise levels are simulated on vibroseismic data. Data samples illustrate the influence of noise at certain wind speeds and rain intensities on correlated and stacked data. Noise from rain, recorded by geophones mounted on sledges, is mainly visible as localized events, caused by the individual rain drops. Even with moderate to heavy rain, relatively few events of short duration are present compared to quiet periods in between. This can be useful in developing a noise suppression method reducing noise from rain on uncorrelated vibroseismic data. The method requires that several sweeps are carried out at each source location. The performance of the noise suppression method is tested on data, where noise has been imposed.


The C4 sugars (threose, erythrose and erythrulose) are rare and expensive sugars, and especially erythrose is interesting due to the production of erythritol and its use as a food additive. Formation of these sugars can be achieved by a single aldol condensation step, however subsequent steps must be avoided to maintain a high selectivity (Figure 1). 5 In this study we show the selective formation of tetrose sugars from glycolaldehyde using a range of different catalysts.


An estimate of the expected photon flux above 1017 eV from the interactions of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays with the matter in the Galactic disk is presented. Uncertainties arising from the distribution of the gas in the disk, the absolute level of the cosmic-ray flux, and the composition of the cosmic rays are taken into account. Within these uncertainties, the integrated photon flux above 1017 eV is averaged out over Galactic latitude less than 5°, between ≃3.2 × 10−2 km−2 yr−1 sr−1 and ≃8.7 × 10−2 km−2 yr−1 sr−1. The all-sky average value amounts to ≃1.1 ×10−2 km−2 yr−1 sr−1 above 1017 eV and decreases roughly as E −2, making this diffuse flux the dominant one from cosmic-ray interactions for energy thresholds between 1017 and 1018 eV. Compared to the current sensitivities of detection techniques, a gain of between two and three orders of magnitude in exposure is required for a detection below ≃1018 eV. The implications for searches for photon fluxes from the Galactic center that would be indicative of the decay of super-heavy dark matter particles are discussed, as the photon flux presented in this study can be considered as a floor below which other signals would be overwhelmed.


The design theorists in architecture have been developing
 the various methods in order to explore the architectural
 design process. And they have been creating the various
 concepts that could describe architectural design thinking
 behavior. The main goals in this study are to rearrange
the method and concept of architectural design thinking
theories, to establish the foundation for the profound
and practical study of these theories and to suggest the
guideline for the future studies based on these theories.
 The development of architectural design thinking theories
 is considered through the change process that might be
 theoretically divided into design process and design
thinking behavior. Also, the characteristics of the
theories are chronologically examined through the
 consideration of theorists, their main concepts and
background theories.


This study sets up a multiple‐period, competitive rational expectations model to facilitate an examination into how informed traders time their trading on private information so as to maximise their expected utility. We find that, in equilibrium, informed traders may elect to trade late on their information, a result which contradicts other competitive rational expectations models in which it is generally assumed that informed traders will trade immediately upon receiving private information. Our results imply that price volatility will increase and price changes may display positive serial correlation. This phenomenon helps to explain the excess volatility puzzle of asset prices and medium‐term continuations (momentum).


The utility model discloses a water supply and control system applied to a water tank. The water supply and control system comprises a water tank body (3) provided with a water pump (1) and a drainage pump (2), and further comprises a control unit which is connected with the water pump (1) and the drainage pump (2) and controls the work of a motor of the system, and a detection head (4) used for detecting the liquid level of the water tank body (3) is arranged on the control unit. The water supply and control system provided by the utility model has a simple structure, is reasonable in design, controls the starting or the stopping of the water pump 1 and the drainage pump 2 on the water tank body 3 through the on and off of the coil of a relay J by using the specialty of the electrical conductivity of the liquid itself to replace manual operation, has the advantages of low signal current grade, high liquid level detection sensitivity and the like, is particularly suitable for automatic domestic water supply in countryside and has very high popularization and application values.


On teachers' knowing in practice - towards phronesis as embodied moral. : Paper presented at the Umea University and the University of Wisconsin Madison Scholar Exchange Seminar, april 5-8, Madison, US


Spider mite outbreaks following the application of insecticides have been associated with changes in mite dispersal behavior. Dispersal responses of twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, and Banks grass mite, Oligonychus pratensis (Banks), were studied when mites were exposed to various sublethal concentrations of insecticides on maize under laboratory conditions. Insecticides tested were formulated materials of permethrin and methyl parathion. The study was conducted under direct exposure of mites to pesticides and exposure to their residues. Mites showed greater dispersal behavior when exposed to pesticides directly compared with residual exposure. Spin-down was the predominant mode of dispersal when mites were exposed to insecticides directly, whereas mites that were exposed to the residues dispersed mainly by walk-off. An increase in dispersal of both species of spider mites was observed as concentrations of insecticides increased from LC 05 to LC 50 . At LC 50 , methyl parathion caused greater dispersal of Banks grass mites compared with twospotted spider mites by both direct and indirect exposure. In contrast, at LC 50 , permethrin caused greater dispersal of twospotted spider mites compared with Banks grass mites by both conditions of exposure


A fast and robust differential evolution based on Orthogonal Design(ODE) is proposed,and then it is used to solve engineering optimum design problems.The ODE combines the Conventional DE(CDE),which is simple and efficient,with the orthogonal design,which can exploit the optimum offspring.The ODE has some features.(1)It uses a robust crossover based on orthogonal design and an optimal offspring is generated with the constrained statistical optimal method.(2)It uses simple diversity rules to handle the constraints and maintain the diversity of the population.(3)The ODE simplifies the scaling factor F of the CDE,which can reduce the parameters of the algorithm and make it easy to use for engineers.The authors execute the proposed algorithm to solve 2 engineering optimum designs with linear or/and nonlinear constraints.Through comparison with some other algorithms,the experimental results demonstrate that the performance of the ODE outperforms other algorithms in terms of the quality of the final solution and the stability.Moreover,the new algorithm has no special requirements on the characteristics of optimal designing problems;it has a fairly good universal adaptability and a reliable operation of program with a strong ability of overall convergence.


The constitutionalist debate - over where decision-making power in society should lie, and how it should be exercised - is one which is of fundamental importance not only in academia and constitutional theory, but in society generally. The main aim of this thesis is to critically examine the current debate from a particular, sceptical philosophical perspective - one which questions the possibility of convincingly defending moral premises. This controversial perspective, which goes to the heart of debates over moral realism, objectivity, and epistemology is set out and defended in detail, drawing on the work of the sceptical and strongly anti-foundationalist legal theorist, Arthur Leff, and the pragmatic philosophy of Richard Rorty. Some implications of this perspective for the constitutionalist debate and key approaches within it are then considered in the rest of the thesis (following a detailed consideration, and rejection, of Jeremy Waldron's argument that the issues on which this perspective takes a stance are in fact irrelevant to that debate). This examination includes instrumentalist arguments (viewing the justification for a particular arrangement or distribution of decision-making power in terms of the quality of the substantive outcomes it is likely to reach) and "democratic" arguments often relied on by various sides in the debate. It is argued that, when taken to their underlying premises and assumptions, each approach is misguided from the perspective defended here and, therefore, that the current constitutionalist debate is unsatisfactory. Some suggestions of the way forward following this (admittedly negative) argument are then made (proposals which the author is planning to follow in future research).


Purpose – The purpose of this study is to propose and model an inspection and preventive maintenance policy for randomly failing systems that alternate operating and idle periods according to their mission profile.Design/methodology/approach – A maintenance policy is defined and modeled mathematically. The paper focuses on finding the age T for inspection which maximizes the stationary availability of the system.Findings – Except for the case of only self‐announcing failures, there always exists a finite optimal strategy T*. Two sufficient conditions for the uniqueness of such an optimum are also derived.Practical implications – Many productive systems alternate operating and inactive periods, their failures may be self‐announcing or not self‐announcing (detected only through inspection). This paper presents a maintenance strategy for such systems in order to maximize their stationary availability. The proposed strategy suggests submitting the system to inspection when its age reaches T units of time.Orig...


Based on analysis of three generating factors and suppressing principles of EMI,general designing technologies and measures to improve EMC performance of rail vehicles were detailedly studied and introduced,which provides references for practical designing.


The Argentine Republic, happened to be one of the nations with greater relative development of Latin America, at the beginning of the decade of ochentas, to have one of the pictures of inequality near the poor averages of the most inequality region of the planet. In these lines explained, the economic mechanism of the box of convertibilidad, in a small economy with perfect mobility of capitals, and like the financing with external debt of the balance of payments, he was essential to originate the economic phenomena that precipitated the devaluation and the social chaos of the 2001-2002. From the Keynsian model, some of the applied policies will be explained, with the purpose of giving to the reader tools to understand, the strong backward movement in terms of income and industrialization, that the Argentina economy lived in the decade on noventas.


Examination of human microvascular function in the two major forms of diabetes has revealed common abnormalities yet important differences in microvascular behavior. Early microvascular hypertension related to the degree of hyperglycemia appears to be fundamental to the expression of microangiopathy in type 1 diabetes millitus (T1DM), and although plausible biochemical explanations exist for this phenomenon, they remain to be verified in human diabetes. In type 2 diabetes millitus (T2DM) the interplay between preceding insulin resistance, hypertension, and vascular smooth muscle function modifies and confuses the pathophysiological findings, particularly in view of the fact that the emergence of hyperglycemia is difficult to date in this form of the disease. Unraveling of this puzzle may explain the subtle differences in the expression of microangiopathy in T1DM and T2DM, whereas primary manipulation of the hemodynamic and permeability changes may offer real therapeutic potential in the future.

Keywords:

microangiopathy;
blood flow;
pressure;
permeability;
hemodynamic;
maturity-onset of diabetes in the young;
MODY;
hyperglycemia;
precapillary


This paper focuses on recent methodological and theoretical developments associated with studies of long‐distance family migration. The starting point for the discussion is that previous quantitative‐based studies have over‐privileged economic‐related outcomes, and masked the underlying social and cultural decision‐making processes of family migrants. Emphasising the perceived merits of qualitative frameworks to tease out the 'non‐economic' dimensions of family migration, the paper identifies two issues of concern. First, some current under‐researched themes of family migration are illuminated, and an unfolding research agenda for qualitative studies of family migration is outlined. It is contended that this provides a useful entrée to future research activities. Second, and with this in mind, the paper stresses the need for more sophisticated analyses of the human agency of family migrants. Therefore, and building upon Halfacree's thesis of the intentional/unintentional agency of family migrants, an adaptation of Giddens' stratification model of action is presented. It is argued that this will allow a more structurationist reading of family migration decision‐making processes, and a fuller understanding of non‐economic processes and outcomes. Finally, the paper stresses the complementarity between qualitative and quantitative methods, and calls for the utilisation of mixed‐method research designs for studies of family migration.


The Finnish basic income experiment was planned and conducted as a mandatory experiment to avoid selection biases and obtain statistically generalisable and reliable results (HE 215/2016 vp). It appears to have been the very first basic income experiment in the world based on mandatory participation and a randomised nationwide sample (2000 persons). An experiment of this kind could not have been implemented without amendments to the social security legislation. Therefore, this chapter examines, albeit rather briefly, the constitutional preconditions for the legislation governing the Finnish basic income experiment. The rule of law is a fundamental principle of democratic society. The Constitution of Finland (731/1999) requires, among other things, that '[t]he exercise of public powers shall be based on an Act. In all public activity, the law shall be strictly followed' (Section 2.3) and that 'the principles governing the rights and obligations of private individuals and the other matters that under this Constitution are of a legislative nature shall be governed by Acts' (Section 80.1). Owing to these constitutional provisions, individuals cannot be compelled to participate in an experiment in the absence of relevant legislation. Hence, participation in the basic income experiment was made mandatory by law for those who were selected as part of the treatment group via random sampling. This group received the basic income benefit during the course of the experiment in 2017–18 (henceforth, the treatment group). In addition, the right to social security is not only a human right, but also a fundamental right guaranteed under the Constitution of Finland: '[e]veryone shall be guaranteed by an Act the right to basic subsistence in the event of unemployment, illness, and disability and during old age as well as at the birth of a child or the loss of a provider' (Section 19.2). The treatment group comprised 2000 persons who were recipients of the basic unemployment allowance or labour market subsidy in November 2016.


Tertiary hospitals in resource-limited countries treat patients referred but in most cases are the first level of care for the vast majority of patients. As a result, the tertiary facility effectively functions as a primary health care facility. The urban phenomenon of widespread self-referral is associated with low rates of formal referral from peripheral health facilities. Study Objective: To determine the patterns of orthopaedic and trauma admissions to Kenyatta National Hospital. Methodology: This was descriptive study design. Sample size was 905 patient charts for 2021 Findings The mean age was 33.8 years (SD 16.5) with range of 1 - 93 years. Majority 66.3% were between 25 - 64 years with those above 65 years being 40 (4.4%). Children 0-14 years comprised 10.9% of the admissions. Of the 905 admissions, 80.7% were accident and trauma-related admissions while 17.1% were non-trauma related admissions. About 50.1% were facility referrals while 49.9% were walk-ins. Majority of admissions were through Accident and Emergency Department 78.1%, Corporate Outpatient Care 14.9% and Clinic 7.0%. About 78.7% were emergency admissions while 20.8% were elective admissions. Approximately admissions 48.5% were due to Road Traffic Accidents, 20.9% due to falls and non-trauma related conditions represented 17.1%. Close to 44.8% were casual workers and 20.2% unemployed. Education level was also reviewed with 34.0% having primary education and 35.0% having secondary education. A significant proportion of female admissions (33.2%) were due to non-trauma conditions as compared to male admissions (12.8%) (p<0.001). Aadmissions for those aged 25 - 64 years were 3.5 more likely to have emergency admission as compared to those aged 0 - 14 years. Male were 65.1% less likely to have elective admissions compared to female (p<0.001). Those unemployed were 3.9 more likely to have emergency admission compared to businessmen/women. Vast majority (89.2%) of admissions were within Nairobi Metropolitan region


A study was conducted during rainy season (kharif) 1994-1996 at Hanumanamatti to determine the stability parameters with respect to 5 traits over' 18 finger millet (Eleusine coracana L.) genotypes. The pooled anallysis of variance showed differential behavior 'of genotypes over the environments. None of the genotypes was stable for all the characters evaluated. The genotypes 'KM 225', 'PPR 2614', 'MR 16' and 'PR 202' were found to be stable for grain yield. However, the entries 'GPU 34', 'MR 12', 'EC 50-90', 'PS 110' and 'GPU 32' which possessed higher mean gram yield could be utilized for developing high yielding stable finger millet genotype.


Peroxidase isozyme pattern was resolved in genus Saccharum to explore the possibility of using it for taxonomic inferences. A total of 12 isozymes designated as POX 1 to POX 12 were present in the clones belonging to four species of Saccharum (S. officinarum, S. spontaneum, S. barberi and S. sinense). The Rf values of different isozyme bands ranged from 0.13–0.63. Only POX 1 and POX 6 were present in all the species clones. Maximum polymorphism of POX isozymes was observed in S. officinarum. Electrophoretic spectra of peroxidase isoenzyme in these species clones exhibited both homology and diversity in their banding pattern. The polymorphism of peroxidases in number, position and intensity revealed in the study indicated multimeric isozymic profile for peroxidase which could be defined as a valuable means for distinguishing accessions of Saccharum to exploit the genetic diversity of sugarcane.


The employment of college students and their entrepreneurship are always the hot spots of social concern. However, the innovation and entrepreneurship of college students now seems to have developed to a bottleneck stage, not only because of the lack of innovation awareness of college students, but also because there is no training for college students in this area. Craftsman spirit is a new spirit put forward in recent years. After research, it has been found that its application has good results in innovation and entrepreneurship of college students. Therefore, this article takes the spirit of craftsman as a starting point to explore how to further improve college students' innovation and entrepreneurship capabilities.


Equal Competency between emergency staff working in pre-hospital and intrahospital en vi -ron ments has been stressed by the National Board of Health and Welfare in Sweden, with appropriately trained ambulance nurses seen as key in providing a good standard of prehospital emergency care (PHEC).


In this paper Te90Se10 and Se90Te10 Chalcogenide glasses are prepared by melt quenching method at 1000 °C for 8 and half hours at the pressure of 10−2 Torr. Absorbance spectra are recorded in the spectral range of 200-1200 nm of pure glassy SeTe in normal wavelength scanning mode. Shift in Absorption for Se90Te10 to Te90Se10 is 239 to 258 nm.Optical constants such as extinction coefficient (k), band gap (Eg) are calculated by JASCO, Model-V670; UV/VIS/NIR spectrophotometer. Optical band gap for S1 (Te90Se10) and for S2 (Se90Te10) are 1.03eV, 2.60eV respectively. Luminescence spectra recorded by (LS 55) Perkin-Elmer at excitation wavelength with 300 to 330 nm. Luminescence Intensity of Se90Te10 (S2) is more than Te90Se10 (S1).


Refactoring object-oriented (OO) code to aspects is an error-prone task. To support this task, this paper presents ConcernReCS, an Eclipse plug-in to help developers to avoid recurring mistakes during software aspectization. Based on a map of concerns, ConcernReCS automatically finds and reports error-prone scenarios in OO source code; i.e., before the concerns have been refactored to aspects.


Abstract Website fingerprinting based on TCP/IP headers is of significant relevance to several Internet entities. Prior work has focused only on a limited set of features, and does not help understand the extents of fingerprint-ability. We address this by conducting an exhaustive feature analysis within eight different communication scenarios. Our analysis helps reveal several previously-unknown features in several scenarios, that can be used to fingerprint websites with much higher accuracy than previously demonstrated. This work helps the community better understand the extents of learnability (and vulnerability) from TCP/IP headers.


High-speed applications of Visible Light Communications have been presented recently in which response times of photodiode-based VLC receivers are critical points. Typical VLC receiver routines, such as soft-decoding of run-length limited (RLL) codes and FEC codes was purely processed on embedded firmware, and potentially cause bottleneck at the receiver. To speed up the performance of receivers, ASIC-based VLC receiver could be the solution. Unfortunately, recent works on soft-decoding of RLL and FEC have shown that they are bulky and time-consuming computations. This causes hardware implementation of VLC receivers becomes heavy and unrealistic. In this paper, we introduce a compact Polar-code-based VLC receivers. in which flicker mitigation of the system can be guaranteed even without RLL codes. In particular, we utilized the centralized bit-probability distribution of a pre-scrambler and a Polar encoder to create a non-RLL flicker mitigation solution. At the receiver, a 3-bit soft-decision filter was implemented to analyze signals received from the VLC channel to extract log-likelihood ratio (LLR) values and feed them to the Polar decoder. Therefore, the proposed receiver could exploit the soft-decoding of the Polar decoder to improve the error-correction performance of the system. Due to the non-RLL characteristic, the receiver has a preeminent code-rate and a reduced complexity compared with RLL-based receivers. We present the proposed VLC receiver along with a novel very-large-scale integration (VLSI) architecture, and a synthesis of our design using FPGA/ASIC synthesis tools.


The article describes one of the steps in the process of reintegrating a child into a family. A leading component is the immediate preparation of the biological family for the meeting and cohabitation with the child, as well as the preparation for the return home. The presented methods of social and pedagogical work with the family in the process of reintegration will contribute to the systematic preparation of the family for creating a caring family environment, overcoming difficult life circumstances, developing internal mechanisms for solving problems, enhancing parental competences, minimizing child trauma and returning home. The article contains a set of existing traditional and integrative methods, forms of social and pedagogical work: Individual counseling, interactive conversation with parents, school of parental support, organization of leisure, «Life Book» and «Life Line». The author details a tool such as the Book of Life, through which a specialist (social educator, psychologist) can help a child reconstruct their own life experiences and form a holistic perception of themselves. The specialist motivates the child to work, encourages, supports, gives additional explanations for the tasks. In addition, working on some of the tasks of the «Book of Life» involves the previous work of an adult: gathering information, finding photos, making photocopies of documents. The Book of Life consists of four sections: My Past, My Present, My Future, and precedes the work on these main sections. Filling out the Life Book should take the form of an interactive experience of interaction between the child and the social educator / psychologist.


Given article tells about activity of Free economic zone (FEZ) "Altai". The main aim of article is to show outlook of development of FEZ in Altai territory. FEZ "Altai" is a typical Russian zone. On this its experience can be useful. Besides, the article contains a material about foreign and domestic experience of functioning of FEZ.


Summary.  Background: von Willebrand factor (VWF) is a key component for maintenance of normal hemostasis. Its glycan moieties, accounting for about 20% of its molecular weight, have been shown to affect many of its properties. Previous studies reported correlations between VWF secretion, half‐life and the nature or presence of its N‐glycans, and more importantly between VWF plasma level and the type of N‐linked ABH antigens. Despite the presence of 10 predicted O‐glycosylation sites, the O‐glycome remains poorly characterized, impairing the complete elucidation of its influence on VWF functions. So far only a single glycan structure, a disialyl core 1 glycan, has been identified. Objectives: To define an exhaustive profile of the VWF O‐glycan structures to help the understanding of their role in VWF regulation and properties. Methods: Plasma‐derived VWF O‐linked sugars were isolated and analyzed using state‐of‐the‐art mass spectrometry methodologies. Results and conclusions: We provide here a detailed analysis of the human plasma‐derived VWF O‐glycome. Eighteen O‐glycan structures including both core 1 and core 2 structures are now demonstrated to be present on VWF. Amongst the newly determined structures are unusual tetra‐sialylated core 1 O‐glycans and ABH antigen‐containing core 2 O‐glycans. In conjunction with current models explaining VWF activity, knowledge of the complete O‐glycome will facilitate research aimed at providing a better understanding of the influence of glycosylation on VWF functions.


Objective To study the pathogenic bacteria distribution and drug resistance of the patients with severe lower respiratory tract specimens.Methods 566 pathogenic bacteria of respiratory tract samples collected from Jan.2005 to Dec.2008 were analysed and the drug resistance was kept watch on.Results A total of 566 samples were cultured into 498 strains of pathogens,with the positive rate of 88.0%,and 323 srins of Gram-negative bacteria accounting for 64.9%,of which 76 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa(15.3%),Klebsiella pneumoniae 60(12.1%),Acinetobacter spp 52(10.4%),large intestine Egypt Greek bacteria 45(9.0%) and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia narrow water 22(4.4%);The rates of producing enzyme of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli producing extended-spectrum super-B-lactamases(ESBLs) were 57.6% and 50.4% respectively.Gram-positive cocci 89 accounted for 17.9%.One Enterococcus 30(6.0%),Staphylococcus aureus 25(5.0%),Staphylococcus epidermidis 20(4.0%);and yeast-like fungi 86,accounting for 17.2%.Drug sensitivity tests shown a higher rate of sensitivity in Sulperazon,imipenem,piperacillin + tazobactam,ciprofloxacin,levofloxacin,and amikacin against gram-negative bacteria;vancomycin against staphylococci sensitive turned out to be very highe,reaching 100%,sensitivity of enterococci have a higher rate,reaching 96.7%.Conclusion Becanse high rate of infection in patients with severe drug-sensitive turn out tobe difference greatly,doctors should carefully use antibiotic according to the susceptibility test results in order to reduce hospital infection and the emergence and spread of resistant strains.


In this paper,the necessity and feasibility of the case teaching in Probability and Statistics was analysed,several successful practical cases were demonstrated.Some reflections on raising students' interest and helping them combining the thought of mathematical modeling was proposed and suggestions concerned were given.


Any rigged null hypersurface is provided with two shape operators: with respect to the rigging and the rigged vector fields respectively. The present paper deals with the Newton transformations built on both of them and establishes related curvature properties. The laters are used to derive necessary and sufficient conditions for higher-order umbilicity and maximality we introduced in passing, and develop general Minkowski-type formulas for the null hypersurface, supported by some physical models in perfect-fluid space-times.


Debris flows are one of the many active slope-forming and channel-shaping processes within the Barcelonnette basin in the South French Alps. An interesting case of large debris flow, which occurred in the Faucon catchment in 2003, is presented. Different approaches both to characterize the volume and the sedimentary characteristics of the debris-flow material are adopted and discussed. The initial source material had a volume of almost 8,500 m, while the amount of debris-flow material on the fan had a volume of 60,000 m. Channel scour is responsible of the great difference between the source volume and the deposited volume. The channel scoured rate has been estimated (15 m.m). Laboratory tests show that the 2003 debris-flow event started as granular flow, bulked increased in fine elements by incorporating marly sediments along the debris track and transformed into a muddy debris-flow. A detailed study of the track morphology shows that the 2003 debris-flow bulked preferentially the debris-flow deposits of a previous event which occurred in 1996.


Introduction: Oseltamivir phosphate (OP), the prodrug of oseltamivir carboxylate (OC; active metabolite), is marketed since 10 years for the treatment of seasonal influenza flu. It has recently received renewed attention because of the threat of avian flu H5N1 in 2006-7 and the 2009-10 A/H1N1 pandemic. However, relatively few studies have been published on OP and OC clinical pharmacokinetics. The disposition of OC and the dosage adaptation of OP in specific populations, such as young children or patients undergoing extrarenal epuration, have also received poor attention. An analytical method was thus developed to assess OP and OC plasma concentrations in patients receiving OP and presenting with comorbidities or requiring intensive care.
Methods: A high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry method (HPLC-MS/MS) requiring 100-µL aliquot of plasma for quantification within 6 min of OP and OC was developed. A combination of protein precipitation with acetonitrile, followed by dilution of supernant in suitable buffered solvent was used as an extraction procedure. After reverse phase chromatographic separation, quantification was performed by electro-spray ionization-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Deuterated isotopic compounds of OP and OC were used as internal standards.
Results: The method is sensitive (lower limit of quantification: 5 ng/mL for OP and OC), accurate (intra-/inter-assay bias for OP and OC: 8.5%/5.5% and 3.7/0.7%, respectively) and precise (intra-/inter-assay CV%: 5.2%/6.5% and 6.3%/9.2%, respectively) over the clinically relevant concentration range (upper limits of quantification 5000 ng/mL). Of importance, OP, as in other previous reports, was found not to be stable ex vivo in plasma on standard anticoagulants (i.e. EDTA, heparin or citrate). This poor stability of OP has been prevented by collecting blood samples on commercial fluoride/oxalate tubes.
Conclusions: This new simple, rapid and robust HPLC-MS/MS assay for quantification of OP and OC plasma concentrations offers an efficient tool for concentration monitoring of OC. Its exposure can probably be controlled with sufficient accuracy by thorough dosage adjustment according to patient characteristics (e.g. renal clearance). The usefulness of systematic therapeutic drug monitoring in patients appears therefore questionable. However, pharmacokinetic studies are still needed to extend knowledge to particular subgroups of patients or dosage regimens.


We report our discovery of orbitally modulated γ-ray emission from the black widow system PSR J1311−3430. We analyze the Fermi Large Area Telescope data during the off-pulse phase interval of the pulsar and find the orbital modulation signal at a ∼3σ confidence level. Further spectral analysis shows no significant differences for the spectra obtained during the bright and faint orbital phase ranges. A simple sinusoid-like function can describe the modulation. Given these properties, we suggest that the intrabinary γ-ray emission arises from the region close to the companion and the modulation is caused by the occultation of the emitting region by the companion, similar to that is seen in the transitional millisecond pulsar binary (MSP) PSR J1023+0038. Considering the X-ray detection of intrabinary shock emission from eclipsing MSP binaries recently reported, this discovery further suggests the general existence of intrabinary γ-ray emission from them.


Large eddy simulations are performed for hot and cold single stream jets with an acoustic Mach number of (Ma = Vj/a∞ = 0.875). The temperature ratio (Tj/T∞) for the hot jet is 2.7 and for the cold jet it is 1.0. Grids with 34 million points are used. The simulation results for the flow field are in encouraging agreement with the mean velocity and Reynolds stress measurements. The Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings (FW-H) equation is used to predict the far-field noise. In this study four cylindrical FW-H surfaces around the jet at various radial distances from the centreline are used. The FW-H surfaces are closed at the downstream end with multiple endplates. These endplates are at x = 25.0D – 30.0D with Δ = 0.5D apart. It is shown that surfaces close to jet get affected with pseudo sound. To avoid pseudo sound, surfaces must be placed in the irrotational region. To account for all the acoustic signals end plates are necessary. However, a simple averaging process to cancel pseudo sound at the end plates is not sufficient.Copyright © 2014 by ASME


Objective To construct DNA plasmid expressing HTV-1 clade C nef gene and to investigate its cellular and humoral immune responses. Methods The HIV-1 clade C nef gene was inserted into expression vector pVAX to construct the lecombinant plasmid, pVAX-nef. The recombinant plasmid was transfected into 293T cell. Western blot was performed to examine the expression of nef gene. BALB/c mice were immunized with the recombinant plasmid and then the cellular immune response was analyzed by ELISPOT assay, the humoral immune response was tested by ELISA method. Results The pVAX-nef recombinant plasmid was successfully constructed and the Nef protein was successfully expressed in 293T cell. Two weeks after pVAX-nef recombinant plasmid inoculation, HIV-specific CD4+ and CD8+ immune responses were detected by ELISPOT assay, with a positive correlation between the dose of the recombinant plasmid and the immune response. ELISA method showed that anti-HIV-1 was successfully induced and the mice immunized with 40μg pVAX-nef recombinant plasmid produced a highest level of anti-HIV-1. Conclusion The HIV-1 clade C DNA plasmid pVAX-nef could effectively induce cellular and humoral immune responses in BALB/c mice. These immunological effects showed positive correlation with immunization dose.


The foundation of net virtual model library based on VRML is proposed in this paper, It is analyzed in detail both elements and process, moreover, it analyzed the practicability and superiority of the net virtual model library based on VRML.


An analysis is presented for the steady state free convective flow and heat transfer from an axisymmetric heat-generating body that is embedded in a fluid-saturated, semi-infinite, porous medium. The porous medium is assumed to be rigid, homogeneous and isotropic, and be in thermal equilibrium with the fluid. The fluid is assumed to be incompressible, with the density changes contributing only towards the buoyancy forces via the Boussinesq approximation. The governing equations for the fluid consist of the equation of continuity, Darcy's law and the equation of energy. After introducing the stream function concept, the equations governing the stream function and pressure are derived. Using the non-dimensional variables, the non-dimensional equations governing the non-dimensional forms of the temperature, stream function and pressure are dervied and the appropriate boundary conditions are stated. The mathematical formulation contains two parameters; D, the non-dimensional depth of the body from the surface of the porous medium, and a product Raθs of Rayleigh number (Ra) and the non-dimensional surface temperature of the body (θs). The Galerkin finite element method, with linear, isoparametric, quadrilateral elements, is used to reduce the mathematical formulation into a set of algebraic equations. The expressions to calculate the non-dimensional surface temperature and Nusselt number of the body, and the non-dimensional velocity of the fluid, are derived. A computer code has been developed to solve the algebraic equations, using Gauss elimination procedure, in a banded matrix form. The computer code, in addition to the non-dimensional temperature, stream function and pressure, calculates the isothermal lines, non-dimensional surface temperature of the body, Nusselt number of the body, velocity field and isobars.

To demonstrate the application of the code, a spherical heat-generating body is considered as an example. Numerical results are obtained for D = 3 and 6, and Raθs = 0.001, 0.1, 1 and 5, and presented.


A manufacturing method of an aluminum structure using the porous resin molded body having a three-dimensional network structure, that is small amounts of oxides of aluminum surface (the thickness of the oxide film is thin) to form an aluminum structure possible ways, and in particular to provide a method capable of obtaining an aluminum porous body having a large area. Its production process includes the steps of preparing a directly on the surface of the resin molded body made of urethane or other aluminum aluminum layer is formed over the layer coated resin molded article, the aluminum-coated resin molded article 270 ° C. or higher 660 and heat-treated at a temperature below ℃ and a heat treatment step of decomposing the said resin molded body.


Mineral compositions of the plagioclase-bearing ultramafic tectonites dredged and cored seaward of the continental slope of the Galicia margin (Leg 103, Site 637) were compared to mineral compositions from onshore low-pressure ultramafic bodies (southeastern Ronda, western Pyrenees, and Lizard Point), on the basis of standardized (30-s counting time) probe analyses. The comparison was extended to some plagioclase-free harzburgites related to ophiolites (Santa Elena in Costa Rica, north Oman, and the Humboldt body in New Caledonia) on the basis of new analytical data and data from the literature. The behavior of Cr, Na, Al, Mg, Fe, Ni, and Ti in olivine, pyroxenes, and spinel was examined in order to distinguish between the effects of partial melting and mineral facies change, from the spinel to plagioclase stability fields. The peridotite from the Galicia margin appears slightly depleted in major incompatible elements and experienced a minor partial melting. However, it experienced large scale but heterogeneous recrystallization in the plagioclase field. These features are very similar to those observed in Ronda, whereas in the western Pyrenees the minerals exemplify a very minor partial-melting event (or none at all) and have retained compositions corresponding to those of the relatively high-pressure Seiland sub facies. The minerals from the Lizard Point peridotite have characteristics (low Mg/(Mg + Fe) ratio; high Cr/(Cr + Al) ratio in spinel) more related to cumulate from a differentiated tholeiitic melt than related to ophiolitic tectonite. Diffusion profiles of Al and Cr across pyroxenes and spinel show that recrystallization features occurred at different speeds or temperatures in the different bodies. The pyroxenes from Ronda would have experienced recrystallization about 14 times faster than the peridotite from the Galicia margin. The western Pyrenean lherzolites also experienced rapid recrystallization; nevertheless, because they are of a different mineral facies, the data are not directly comparable to that from Ronda and Galicia. The harzburgite at Santa Elena as well as a xenolith from alkali basalt exemplify rapid cooling characterized by very weak re-equilibration. Recrystallization speed is related to emplacement speed in the present geological environment. The slow-rising Galicia margin peridotite was emplaced by thinning of the lithospheric subcontinental mantle near an incipient mid-oceanic ridge. The fast-rising peridotites from Ronda and the western Pyrenees were hot diapirs emplaced from the asthenosphere along transcurrent faults, possibly related to the opening of the Atlantic Ocean.


In this paper, a capsule body shaped surveillance/monitoring device is developed. The device includes a camera and GPS module to transmit live video data and real time GPS coordinates respectively using the Intel Edison module. A control application is developed for the smart phones and tablets to wirelessly view the live video stream and location of the capsule device and also to switch between the multiple capsule devices installed at different locations. The coordination between the developed device and the smart phone / tablet is done using the wireless function of the Intel Edison module.


Dependence of tearing mode saturation state on the current sheet thickness is investigated by two‐dimensional (2‐D) full particle simulations. When the system length Lx is taken to be the wavelength of the maximum growth mode Lx = λmax = 12D (D: half‐thickness of the current sheet), the instability is found to saturate without producing significant reconnection if D > Dcr1st = 3.5 λe, where λe is the electron inertial length. When the system length is doubled Lx = 2λmax, only insignificant effects are available for D > Dcr2nd = 2.7λh, where λh is the ion‐electron hybrid inertial length. Comparing these 2‐D results with a recent 3‐D result, it is shown clearly that a three‐dimensional effect reduces the current sheet thickness and thus leads to quick production of substantial reconnection even if D > Dcr1st.


Contemporary policy work is deeply informed by the circulation of policy initiatives and models from other jurisdictions. Sometimes close and at other times distant, the influence of various 'elsewheres' (Allen and Cochrane, 2007) has become a routine feature of the policy process. Researchers from a range of academic disciplines have matched the increased traffic of policy knowledge with a growing body of knowledge that seeks to document and understand it. While political scientists have the longest history of engagement with travelling policy, anthropologists, geographers, sociologists, urban planners and other social scientists have joined the fray in recent years, creating a lively multidisciplinary research effort (Benson and Jordan, 2011; McCann and Ward, 2012). Yet, for the most part, this research effort has been disjointed. Despite having a common interest at their core (the movement of policy), there are largely separate conversations occurring, structured around concepts such as policy diffusion, policy learning, policy transfer and policy mobility. These conversations have 'lived together apart' for some time now, but appear to be converging toward a focus on diverse arenas, agents and actions implicated in the circulation of policy. We have also seen shifts from structure–agency binaries to notions of contextually-embedded agency, from neat, spatially and temporally delimited processes to messy, ongoing processes, and from an exclusive interest in the 'why' of travelling policy to a broader set of research questions regarding the 'how'. In this book we use 'policy circulation' as an expedient umbrella term that signifies this emergent zone of common ground. We intend the notion of policy circulation to be largely agnostic (in ontological, epistemological and methodological terms), but it is inescapably oriented toward the work involved in moving policy and the ongoing nature of such efforts. It provides a loose conceptual and empirical space in which


A huge difference in the harmonic yield from the two topological phases of finite, dimerizing linear chains in laser fields has recently been observed in all-electron time-dependent density functional simulations [D. Bauer, K.K. Hansen, Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 177401 (2018)]. In this work, we explore the robustness of the effect concerning the size of the chains, a continuous transition between the two topological phases, and disorder. A high robustness of both the degeneracy of the edge states in the topologically non-trivial phase and of the pronounced destructive interference causing a dip in the harmonic spectra in the topologically trivial phase is observed.


This study was conducted to evaluatethe effects of different inter- and intra-row spacing on the dry matter accumulation and partitioning coefficients in faba bean, Barakat cultivar. Experiment was conducted as factorial in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Factors were inter-row spacing (15, 30, 45 and 60 cm) and intra-row spacing (5, 10 and 15 cm). The plant dry matter accumulation and partitioningwas measured during growing season for stem, leaf, and pod, separately. The results showed that the dry matter accumulation in leaves and stems was as a linear functionduring emergence until pod set stage. In this period, partitioning coefficients to leaves and stems were 0.26-0.41 and 0.58-0.73, respectively. Dry matter partitioning coefficientfor leaves was 49-61 percentin early growing season that decreased to 28-37 percentin pod set stage. Thecoefficients of partitioning drymatter to stems in these two periods of growing season were 38-49 and 56-71 percent, respectively. These results indicates that the dry matter partitioning to leaves decreases and to stems increases as crop develops in faba bean.


Chick (1942) described experiments in which comparison was made of the growthsupporting value of the proteins contained in flours of 100,85 and 70% extraction of the wheat grain, the method employed being that of Osborne, Mendel & Ferry (1919). In these tests three groups of weanling litter-pate rats were fed ad lib. amounts of three different diets containing equal suboptimal amounts of protein provided by the respective flours, the protein being the factor limiting growth in an otherwise adequate regime. Determinations of the protein efficiency ratio (g. weight increaselg. protein consumed, henceforth referred to as the P.E.R.), for the proteins of the different flours indicated an advantage over the proteins of white flour of 17-26% for those of wholemeal, and of 13-16y0 for those of flours of 85% extraction. The value of results yielded by this type of experiment had previously been criticized by Mitchell (1924) and others, and carefully appraised by Fixsen (1935) and by Barnes, Maack, Knights & Burr (1945). The chief grounds for criticism were: that the method does not differentiate between the value of the protein for maintenance and for growth; that under conditions of ad lib. feeding the diet containing the protein judged to be of higher nutritive value will probably be more palatable to the experimental animal and, for this reason rather than because of-its higher nutritive value, will be consumed in greater amount, with a consequently greater weight increase; that the weight gain of larger, more rapidly growing, animals will contain relatively more fat and, therefore, will not be a measure of the increase in body protein. The last objection is effectively answered in the accompanying paper by Slack (1948), at least in so far as the present experiments are concerned, and, in a recent review of the methods available for comparing the nutritive values of different proteins, Chick (1947) has replied to some of the other arguments. Barnes et al. (1945) concluded that fairly trustworthy results are given for the nutritive value of most proteins by P.E.R. values with ad lib. feeding if the protein content of the ration is 10-12%. Graves (1945, 1946), however, in repeating the above criticisms, found a basis for discrediting the conclusion arrived at by Chick (1942) that proteins of whole wheat had a higher nutritive value than those of white flour. The present paper presents additional evidence of the value of the method of Osborne et al. (1919) for comparing the nutritive efficiency of proteins in wheat by determining their P.E.R. In the first experiment (Exp. I), of which a preliminary account has already been published (Chick, Copping & Slack, 1946), in addition to measurements of weight increase, food and nitrogen intake, faecal nitrogen and weight of faeces,


We relate three‐dimensional scattering theory for the time‐independent Schrodinger equation without spherical symmetry to scattering theory for the plasma‐wave equation (PWE). We review a recent inverse scattering method for the PWE and find the corresponding method for the Schrodinger equation. We then review Newton's three‐dimensional Marchenko method for the Schrodinger equation and transform it to the corresponding PWE method. The resulting time‐domain hyperbolic method clarifies the role of causality in Newton's important recent work.


A digital error detection and correction apparatus for correcting n-bit data words comprising a field of n-r data bits and a field of r error-correcting-code-ECC bits according to an error correcting code. The n-bit data words are organized in packages of b bits, and the invention is capable of correcting one package having suffered at least one hard failure and a single soft error being located in a different package. The apparatus of the invention involves an error correcting code which gives a first syndrome when the data word has suffered a first error coming from at least one error in a first package and a single error in a second package different from the first package, which also gives a second syndrome when the data word has suffered a second error coming from at least one error in the above first package, and a single error in a third package. The error correcting code is such that the equality of the above first and second syndromes results in the equality of the first and second errors. The apparatus of the invention further includes means (24) for storing the syndrome of a first data word v, and means (24) for adding the syndrome a second data word v min , the latter data word v min being generated from the first data word v by means of an "invert write" and an " invert read" procedure. The above addition allows the masking of the single soft error. The invention further includes means (20) for determining whether the result of the above addition provides a syndrome characterizing a single package syndrome, in order to determine the number of the package having suffered at least one hard error, and means (21, 22, 50-XX) operative in response to said determination for directly locating the positions of the errors, either soft and hard, in order to restore the originally stored data word.


This paper presents the design of a low power and low voltage continuous time (CT) third order low pass sigma delta modulator. The loop filter has been implemented by using active RC-integrators. The influence of the circuit design parameters like amplifier gain bandwidth and slew rate, as well as the clock jitter on the overall modulator are discussed. Measurement results of the 1.5 V CT modulator show a 61 dB SNDR in 50 kHz signal bandwidth and a sampling frequency equal to 3.2 MHz. The power consumption is 78 μW.


Objective: to analyze the effectiveness of the interpersonal relationship in nursing care and its relationship with general self- care and foot care in people with type 2 diabetes. Method: this cross-sectional, analytical study was conducted at a University Hospital with 150 people with type 2 diabetes who answered the  Interpersonal Relationship in Nursing Care Questionnaire, a questionnaire on self-care activities with diabetes, and a questionnaire to assess adherence to feet self-care. Results: the results showed that the effectiveness of the interpersonal relationship in care ranged from moderate to high. The questionnaire scores were significant with nephropathy comorbidities, cerebrovascular accident, diet adherence, and receiving foot care guidance. Conclusion: interpersonal relationships in effective care can strengthen bonding, trust, and verbalization of feelings, improving diabetes education and adherence to self-care behaviors.


Steerable bevel-tip needles are widely used in modern, minimally invasive percutaneous procedures to reach specific areas inside the body. In this paper, we propose an optimized path planner for manipulating such steerable needles, which can generate the shortest path from the starting position to the target position with the least number of rotation times. The shortest traveling path produces less damage to the body, thus shortening the recovery period. We first investigate the insertion problem in a nondeformable environment, which is termed as the static environment in this paper. As the needle is flexible, the moving path is a curve. We propose to regulate the curved path within two parallel lines and then determine the optimal distance between the two parallel lines such that the generated moving path of the needle has the shortest length with the least number of needle rotations. We then investigate the insertion problem in a deformable environment, which is termed as the dynamic environment. Taking deformation and nonhomogenous properties of soft tissue into account, the target position and the radius of the curve path vary as the needle is inserted. By using a mass-spring model to formulate the deformable environment and a vision system to measure the time-varying radius of the curve, we propose a dynamic path planner that replans the path to adapt to the change of the target position and the curve radius. Simulations and experiments are performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.