Many infrastructure-based indoor positioning technologies such as UWB, WLAN, ultrasonic or infrared are limited by disturbances and errors caused by building objects (e.g. walls, ceiling and furniture). Magnetic fields, however, are able to penetrate various obstacles - in this case commonly used (building) materials - without attenuation, fading, multipath or signal delay. Thus, in the past years a DC Magnetic signal based Indoor Local Positioning System (MILPS), which consists of multiple electrical coils as reference stations and tri-axial magnetic sensors as mobile stations was developed. By observing magnetic field intensities of at least three different magnetic coils, position estimation of the magnetic sensors can be carried out even in severe indoor environments. However, the positioning algorithm currently used is designed for stop-and-go localization. This contribution focuses on the integration of a low cost Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) in order to improve the system's positioning update rate and therefore provide complete 2D localization estimates for kinematic applications and probably afford position solutions even outside the coverage area of MILPS. Therefore an Extended Kalman-Filter (EKF) is adapted for position estimation. The filtering process is accomplished in two steps. The first step leads to position prediction caused by inertial data, which could be updated at the second step by using the MILPS-measurements. In this context simulations combining MILPS and IMU have been performed. Testing of the filter with real IMU-data and simulated MILPS positioning data delivered promising results for indoor positioning purposes.


I am an academician who publishes in economics/marketing/statistics journals (see my bio at the end). My publications have received in excess of 1,215 citations to date as tracked by Google. In this essay, I share a step-by-step guide that summarizes how I do research. It is intended for academicians in social sciences with a graduate degree who need some encouragement on continuing to pursue a research agenda when other commitments, such as teaching and service, appear to have more urgent (but not necessarily more important) demands.


Four environmental dose rate instruments having different detectors, a high pressure ionisation chamber, a Geiger-Muller counter, a proportional counter and a scintillation counter, were used to make continuous measurements over a four month period of the air kerma rate at a location close to a nuclear power station. The responses of each of these detectors to the natural radiation and to the radiation from the power station are given. Estimations by three of the dose rate instruments of the air kerma from all the radiation components are intercompared with the results from three different types of thermoluminescence dosemeter. The results clearly demonstrate that accurate estimations of doses in the environment arising from a nuclear facility can only be obtained if the responses of the detectors used to the different radiation components as that location are accurately evaluated


Understanding the formation of neuronal circuits has long been one of the basic problems in developmental neurobiology. Projections from the retina to their higher center, the optic tectum in non-mammalian vertebrates and the superior colliculus in mammals, are most amenable to experimental approaches; thus, a lot of information has been accumulated about the mechanisms of axonal guidance. The retinal axons navigate along the appropriate pathway with the help of a series of guidance cues. While much of the work has focused on proteinaceous factors, proteoglycans have been identified as playing important roles in retinal axon guidance. Here I review that the chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans and heparan sulfate proteoglycans are involved in essential decisions of axon steering along the pathway. However, it has not been determined whether diversity of the carbohydrate chains results in differential effects and how their diversity is recognized by growth cones, which represent an important area of future research.


Emotional intelligence is the indispensable factor of all intelligence dimensions. It presents individuals with the capability to recognize one's own feeling and other emotions too, managing it. The purpose of research study is to determine the emotional intelligence among Public and Private Sector Universities and the role of demographic aspects (gender, institution, academic courses and cumulative grade point average (CGPA). The importance of emotional intelligence among university students is crucial since it specifies competencies such as intrapersonal, interpersonal and communication skills. The sample consists of a total of 100 university students from 3 public Universities and 3 private universities were taken randomly. The Bar-On Emotional Quotient Inventory: Short (EQ-i:S) by Bar-On (1997) as research instrument used for measuring emotional intelligence. The scores were classified into high and low emotional intelligence level. The collected results were analyzed based on demographic factors such as gender, institution wise, academic courses and cumulative grade point average (CGPA) in Emotional intelligence. In general, majority of university students shows low emotional intelligence. This research study suggests that higher education institutions need to lighten and enhance university students' emotional intelligence.


Anisotropic variations in attenuation are of interest since they can give information on the fracture system and may be more amenable to measurement than absolute attenuation values. We examine methods for detecting changes in relative attenuation with azimuth from VSP data, and validate the techniques on synthetic data. Analysis of a multi‐azimuth walkaway VSP data set from a fractured hydrocarbon reservoir indicates that such azimuthal variations in P‐wave attenuation are observable. The effects are localized in the reservoir, and analysis allows the prediction of a fracture strike direction, which agrees with geological information. The observed effects can be modelled under reasonable assumptions, which suggests the validity of the link between the anisotropic attenuation and the fracturing.


The remarkable linear dichroism of herapathite (HPT), the active component of polaroid, resisted explanation for more than 150 years because the crystal structure was not solved until very recently. The crystal structure with a formula unit of ${({\text{C}}_{20}{\text{H}}_{24}{\text{N}}_{2}{\text{O}}_{2}{\text{H}}_{2})}_{4}\ensuremath{\cdot}{\text{C}}_{2}{\text{H}}_{4}{\text{O}}_{2}\ensuremath{\cdot}3{\text{SO}}_{4}\ensuremath{\cdot}2{\text{I}}_{3}\ensuremath{\cdot}6{\text{H}}_{2}\text{O}$ in an orthorhombic cell has a slight disorder related to the positions of the six water molecules and the acetic-acid molecule. The electronic and optical properties of this complex crystal are here calculated on the basis of the newly described x-ray structure using a density-functional theory based method with local-orbital basis. The theoretical optical spectrum of HPT shows giant optical anisotropy as observed experimentally with an anisotropy factor on the order of 385 that can be ascribed to transitions between molecular levels of the $2\text{I}_{3}{}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ chains that are oriented along the crystalline $b$ axis. It is shown that the key to achieve large anisotropy is to align the iodine ions in a quasi-one-dimensional chain via confinement in a clatharate channel formed by the quinine molecules. The solvent molecules in the crystal have a minimal effect. The implications of this work on biologically relevant systems are discussed.


The NH2-MIL-125(Ti)/g-C3N4 nanosheets composite photocatalyst was prepared by one-step solvothermal synthesis and used for the removal of high concentration dye wastewater. The morphology, structure and photoelectrochemical properties of the as-synthesized samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, XPS, FT-IR, UV-vis DRS PL, EIS and transient photocurrent. The results showed that g-C3N4 nanosheets were tightly loaded on the surface of NH2-MIL-125(Ti) to form the NH2-MIL-125(Ti)/g-C3N4 nanosheets composite photocatalyst. Among them, NM (Ti)/CNNS30 showed the best adsorption performance and photocatalytic degradation activity for the removal of high concentration RhB solution. In addition, the optimal experimental conditions such as the concentration of RhB solution, the dosage of NM (Ti)/CNNS30 and the initial pH of RhB were also explored. Finally, the mechanism of photocatalytic degradation of NM(Ti)/CNNS30 on high concentration RhB solution was also proposed based on active species capture experiment and energy band structure analysis. It was inferred that ·O2- and h+ were the main active species for NM(Ti) photocatalytic degradation of high concentration RhB. This work provided new insights into the design and synthesis of highly efficient photocatalysts for the practical treatment of high concentration dye wastewater.


The literature pays enough attention to the issues of dispensary management of children with chronic pneumonia in urban conditions. However, we have not found any work on the study of medical examination of patients with chronic pneumonia in rural areas. It should be noted that chronic pneumonia in children in rural areas is a common disease (on our material 2.19%). The conditions of rural areas contribute their own characteristics to the stage-by-stage treatment of such children.


Part of the Galician Saavedra family, whose residence was in Seville, gathered a large estate in Galicia for their support to the Spanish monarchy in the conquests of the Kingdom of Granada. They were also granted the rank and dignity of Alfaqueque Mayor of Castille and hence did signi- ficantly benefit from the redemption of Christians held captive by the kingdom of Granada. Carlos V granted Juan de Saavedra the rank of Count of Castellar in 1539 in retribution to a long record of services delivered by the so-called Alfaqueques Mayores. These Alfaqueques were vassal lords and chieftains who played an important role from the Late Midle Ages onwards in the borders of the Moorish Kingdom of Granada. From the 17th century onwards, the Counts of Castellar related to other noble houses in Spain, which made their Archive pass into the hands of the Dukes of Santisteban del Puerto during the 18th century and, later and ultimately, into the hands of the Dukes of Medinaceli in 1818. This paper aims to make known the archives of the Counts of Castellar from its creation to present day. We will provide a detailed analysis of the documents contained and will also cast some light onto their organization and current arrangement in an attempt at opening a path for future works on these archives.


The cosmological polytope and bootstrap programs have revealed interesting connections between positive geometries, modern on-shell methods and bootstrap principles studied in the amplitudes community with the wavefunction of the Universe in toy models of FRW cosmologies. To compute these FRW correlators, one often faces integrals that are too difficult to evaluate by direct integration. Borrowing from the Feynman integral community, the method of (canonical) differential equations provides an efficient alternative for evaluating these integrals. Moreover, we further develop our geometric understanding of these integrals by describing the associated \emph{relative} twisted cohomology. Leveraging recent progress in our understanding of relative twisted cohomology in the Feynman integral community, we give an algorithm to predict the basis size and simplify the computation of the differential equations satisfied by FRW correlators.


In this paper, we study the largest eigenvalues of sample covariance matrices with elliptically distributed data. We consider the sample covariance matrix $Q=YY^*,$ where the data matrix $Y \in \mathbb{R}^{p \times n}$ contains i.i.d. $p$-dimensional observations $\mathbf{y}_i=\xi_iT\mathbf{u}_i,\;i=1,\dots,n.$ Here $\mathbf{u}_i$ is distributed on the unit sphere, $\xi_i \sim \xi$ is independent of $\mathbf{u}_i$ and $T^*T=\Sigma$ is some deterministic matrix. Under some mild regularity assumptions of $\Sigma,$ assuming $\xi^2$ has bounded support and certain proper behavior near its edge so that the limiting spectral distribution (LSD) of $Q$ has a square decay behavior near the spectral edge, we prove that the Tracy-Widom law holds for the largest eigenvalues of $Q$ when $p$ and $n$ are comparably large.


Purpose: To investigate visual performance during reading under different illumination sources. Methods: This experimental quantitative study included 40 (20 females and 20 males) emmetropic participants with no history of ocular pathology. The participants were randomly assigned to read a near visual task under four different illuminations (400-lux constant): compact fluorescent light (CFL), tungsten light (TUNG), fluorescent tube light (FLUO), and light emitting diode (LED). Subsequently, we evaluated the participants' experiences of eight symptoms of visual comfort. Results: The mean age of the participants was 19.86 ± 1.09 (range: 18–21) years. There was no statistically significant difference between the reading rates of males and females under the different illuminations (P = 0.99); however, the reading rate was fastest among males under CFL, and among females under FLUO. One way analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed a strong significant difference (P = 0.001) between males and females (P = 0.002) regarding the visual performance and illuminations. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the influence of illumination on reading rate; there were no significant differences between males and females under different illuminations, however, males preferred CFL and females preferred FLUO for faster reading and visual comfort. Interestingly, neither preferred LED or TUNG. Although energy-efficient, visual performance under LED is poor; it is uncomfortable for prolonged reading and causes early symptoms of fatigue.


Introduction: White noise speech illusions index liability for psychotic disorder in case–control comparisons. In the current study, we examined i) the rate of white noise speech illusions in siblings of patients with psychotic disorder and ii) to what degree this rate would be contingent on exposure to known environmental risk factors (childhood adversity and recent life events) and level of known endophenotypic dimensions of psychotic disorder [psychotic experiences assessed with the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE) scale and cognitive ability]. Methods: The white noise task was used as an experimental paradigm to elicit and measure speech illusions in 1,014 patients with psychotic disorders, 1,157 siblings, and 1,507 healthy participants. We examined associations between speech illusions and increasing familial risk (control -> sibling -> patient), modeled as both a linear and a categorical effect, and associations between speech illusions and level of childhood adversities and life events as well as with CAPE scores and cognitive ability scores. Results: While a positive association was found between white noise speech illusions across hypothesized increasing levels of familial risk (controls -> siblings -> patients) [odds ratio (OR) linear 1.11, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02–1.21, p = 0.019], there was no evidence for a categorical association with sibling status (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.79–1.09, p = 0.360). The association between speech illusions and linear familial risk was greater if scores on the CAPE positive scale were higher (p interaction = 0.003; ORlow CAPE positive scale 0.96, 95% CI 0.85–1.07; ORhigh CAPE positive scale 1.26, 95% CI 1.09–1.46); cognitive ability was lower (p interaction < 0.001; ORhigh cognitive ability 0.94, 95% CI 0.84–1.05; ORlow cognitive ability 1.43, 95% CI 1.23–1.68); and exposure to childhood adversity was higher (p interaction < 0.001; ORlow adversity 0.92, 95% CI 0.82–1.04; ORhigh adversity 1.31, 95% CI 1.13–1.52). A similar, although less marked, pattern was seen for categorical patient–control and sibling–control comparisons. Exposure to recent life events did not modify the association between white noise and familial risk (p interaction = 0.232). Conclusion: The association between white noise speech illusions and familial risk is contingent on additional evidence of endophenotypic expression and of exposure to childhood adversity. Therefore, speech illusions may represent a trait-dependent risk marker.


According to an embodiment of the present invention, a composition for preventing and alleviating premenstrual syndrome comprises any one selected from the plant extract group consisting of a corn silk extract, an extract of Taraxacum platycarpum, an extract of Rhododendron mucronulatum, an extract of Cirsium japonicum, an extract of Clematis mandshurica, an aronia extract, an extract of Schisandra chinensis and a mixture thereof. The composition for preventing and alleviating premenstrual syndrome can prevent and alleviate premenstrual syndrome by using natural extracts.


Objective: To approach the best regimen of the low molecule heparin used in treating legs deep venous thrombosis(DVT). Methods:120 wounded cases(2005.3~2006.10) keeping the bed were selected in our hospital , then were divided into three groups: low molecule heparin(LMH) ,0.6 ml once-daily, was used for one week, two weeks and three weeks continuously ,then every two days for long time. The effective rate of LMH to DVT and the rate of the side-reaction were observed. Results: The first group: the effective rate of LMH to DVT was 62.5 % and the rate of the side-reaction was 7.5 %. The second group: the effective rate of LMH to DVT was 92.5 % and the rate of the side-reaction was 10 %. The third group: the effective rate of LMH to DVT was 95 % and the rate of the side-reaction was 30 %.The differences were significant (the effective rate of LMH to DVT χ2=16.80, P0.005; the rate of the side-reaction χ2=10.20, P0.01).The clinical effect in the second group and the third group were better than that in the first group. The rate of the side-reaction in the second group and the first group were better than that in the third group. Conclusion: Low molecule heparin contribute to treating legs deep venous thrombosis but the drug regimen is very important.


Introduction: The prevalence of cesarean deliveries is high in many parts of world. Vaginal birth after
cesarean section (VBAC) is a trial of vaginal delivery in selected cases of a previous CS in a well
equipped hospital. It offers distinct advantages over a repeat caesarean section, since the operative risks
are completely eliminated, the hospital stay is much shorter and expenses involved are much less.
Objectives: To study the maternal and perinatal outcomes among women with previous Cesarean section
at a tertiary care centre.
Materials and Methods: This prospective study was carried out over a period of 12 months. 979 pregnant
women with previous caesarean section were recruited in study. A detailed history was taken and mode of
delivery decided as per the standard protocol. 636 patients underwent elective repeat LCSC.343 patients
were given trial of labour out of which 226 delivered vaginally. Maternal and neonatal outcomes were noted
Result: The rate of successful VBAC was 65.89%. Most common indications of repeat caesarean section
were fetal distress and failure to progress. Post op maternal and neonatal complications were significantly
more in repeat caesarean section group. Incidence of infectious morbidity was also higher in repeat cesarean
group than VBAC group.
Conclusion: Fetal morbidity and mortality due to trial of labor is comparable with the women laboring
without a scar, trial of labour may be encouraged. women given trial of labour with careful monitoring and
taken for emergency LSCS on minimal indication is the best answer to management of previous one or two CS.

Keywords: VBAC, TOLAC, Emergency cesarean section, Perinatal morbidity.


The reduced dynamics of a quantum system in contact with a reservoir is generally thought to be "completely positive"; this is certainly true if product initial conditions are used to define the dynamics. We show that with correlated initial conditions it need not be so. In this case the dynamics can properly be defined only on a subset of initial system states; extension, by linearity, to all possible initial states is trivially possible, but the extension may not be physically realizable and may not even be positive, let alone completely positive.


In this note we would like to clarify and amend a number of points made in [3]. One of the central points in [3] was that although TCP's exponential backoff algorithm can introduce noticeable correlations in traffic from individual flows, the resulting correlation structure is not selfsimilarity. The term "pseudo-self-similarity" was used to describe this correlation structure. This term, introduced in [4], was first used in [1] to describe the same correlation structure in TCP flows. An early version of our paper appeared as [2]. In [2], although we pointed out from simulations that the limited retransmission timeout (RTO) in TCP's exponential backoff causes effects only over "limited timescales," we did not make clear that TCP's correlation structure was not self-similarity. Adding this point was the principal improvement in [3] over [2]. In [3] we wrote that [1] "extended our model" which does not credit [1] in two ways. First, [1] was the first to correctly and forcefully make the point that the correlation structure is not self-similarity due to limited RTO in exponential backoff. Second, the Markovian model in [1] was independently derived, is more detailed, and can be used to illustrate the correlation structure of both exponential back-off and congestion avoidance phases of TCP. We regret these inaccuracies in our paper.


Purpose:  The purpose of this study was to determine the safety, effective of the Microendoscopic Discectomy System  anterior screw fixation  compared with the open anterior approach. Methods:  Thirtytwo patients, 25 male and 7 female, 15 cases were treated under Microendoscopic Discectomy System  anterior screw fixation  and 17 cases with Open Anterior Approach. The operating time, blood loss, complication, healing rate of  fracture were compared. Results:  In MED Group, mean operating time and blood loss were less than those in Open Group (P   0.05). Three patients complained transient dysphagia occurred in the Open Group. Conclusions:  Microendoscopic Discectomy System technique for odontoid screw fixation provides a minimally invasive, safe and  reliable procedure  in contrast to open approaches.


The chemical components and relative percentage composition of volatile oil of wild D.fimbriatumand D.chrysanthumcollected from Xingyi,Guizhou were analyzed and calculated by solid phase microextraction(SPME)and GC-MS to study composition and difference of volatile oil between D.fimbriatumand D.chrysanthum.The results showed that 62 and 54chemical components are isolated and identified from D.fimbriatum and D.chrysanthum respectively,and the relative content accounts for97.66%and 96.65%of total volatile oil amount separately.D.fimbriatumand D.chrysanthumboth have the same 40 volatility chemical components,and main components areβ-bourbonene,δ-cadinene and(E)-2-octenal,etc.Theβ-bourbonene content of D.fimbriatumis the highest(47.53%)while muurdene content of D.chrysanthumis the highest(19.397%).


Diel burrowing behavior of Gumaga nigricula (McL.) (Trichoptera:Sericostomatidae) was investigated in Big Sulphur Creek (Sonoma Co., California). Most of the population burrows during the day and surfaces at night, a behavior that facilitates feeding on periphyton while retaining many of the advantages of burrowing (e.g., protection from predators). Because of daytime burrowing, case algae (primarily diatoms) are potentially light-limited by overlying substrate and, indeed, chlorophyll a concentrations on stream-collected cases and diatom colonization on cleaned cases increased dramatically when daytime burrowing was prevented. Cases and case-associated algae are normally abraded during burrowing; therefore experimental abrasion had little effect. However, after cases were cultured to accrue algae, experimental abrasion drastically reduced the accrued algae. Blue-green algal filaments and diatoms were removed from exposed surfaces but were protected in crevices between sand grains. Comparison of cases of different caddisfly genera showed a trend between abrasion level and case-associated algae. Under low abrasion, grazer-resistant diatoms occurred on exposed surfaces and upright diatoms occurred in crevices (e.g., Glossosoma and Discosmoecus cases). As abrasion increased, diatoms were lost from exposed surfaces, although they remained in crevices (e.g., Gumaga cases); with continuous burrowing, cases were nearly devoid of algae (e.g., Agarodes cases).


The most important effects of green areas in cities are their environmental practices which has made the cities as meaningful environments of human society. Therefore, the quantity and quality of the green area should be proportional to the physical size of the cities (buildings, streets and roads) and social needs (mentally, leisure time and health needs) to be able to have a continuous environmental efficiency as an active green area. This research are conducted by a cross-sectional method based on the aims of studying the capita of the urban green area of Shiraz, knowing about geographical distribution in order to respect the principle of justice and suggesting an appropriate capita so as to regulate its social- environmental aspects. The results show that there is lack of green areas in Shiraz and there has not been a fair distribution of green areas in 9regions. So that, there is much more capita of green area in regions 1,3 and 4. Regions 2,5,6 and 9, are on second level and regions 7 and 8 have the lowest proportion of capita of green area. Also, there is a negative correlation of -0.42 between capita of green area and population density of Shiraz. Finally, the capita of the required green area of Shiraz was calculated as much as 14 per square meter by using the modified model of Kambiz Bahram Soltani.


A clinically driven, technique orientated text on the processes following knee injury and surgery, with chapters on: rehabilitation programmes for operative and non-operative cases; special considerations for injuries common to women and children; rehabilitation for arthritic patients; and complete discussions of patient examination, functional evaluation and practical considerations in forming a rehabilitation programme. This second edition has been enlarged to stress technique and practical rehabilitation over theory.


The 13 th International Forum of Educational Technology was held on Oct18 th to 19 th,2014 in Jiangnan University in Wuxi,China. More than 500 experts,young and middle- aged researchers,graduate students and Ph D students from Canada,Japan and other countries and districts attended the forum. Many outstanding research findings were showed in 13 keynote reports and 64 sub forum reports involving the following subjects: technology enhanced teaching and learning change,construction of educational informatization resources and environments,development of educational technology,instructional design and faculty development in digital environment. For the subject of technology enhanced teaching and learning changing,participants discussed the way in which technology changed learning and teaching. Investment performance has been taken seriously when researchers talking about the construction of educational informatization resources and environments. For the development of educational technology,the service properties of this subject and its interaction with the society have been discussed. The popularization of digital instructional design model and the sustainable development of teachers' professional development have been focused on.


Primary lymphocytes and lymphocytic cell lines are notoriously difficult to transfect. Electroporation is highly disruptive, causing large scale cell death and it is inefficient; between 1% and 10% of the surviving cells express the desired protein. In addition, quiescent primary lymphocytes require partial activation for successful electroporation. We have investigated the cellular import of the third helix of the antennapedia homeodomain protein as an alternative method for introducing peptides into primary lymphocytes and lymphocytic cell lines. We conclude that the peptide is taken up rapidly into the cytoplasm and nucleus of at least 95% of the cells, it is retained for at least 48 hours and it appears to be non-toxic at the concentrations tested. We are using this system to import larger peptides into lymphocytes to investigate their effects on cell cycle control


OBJECTIVE:To cultiveate and development of Research Development(R D)abilities for new drugs for Chinese pharmaceutical enterprises.METHODS:The experiences on new drugs' RD of some Indian pharmaceutical enterprises were analyzed.RESULTS CONCLUSION:To improve R D abilities for new drugs,Chinese pharmaceutical enterprise should try to explore effective ways and measures by not only emphasizing the strategic value of RD for new drugs,but also strengthening the cooperation with outside,attracting the overseas talents,cultivating the integrative capa-bility,etc.


Room temperature photoluminescence at 1.6μm is demonstrated from InGaAs quantum dots capped with an 8nm GaAsSb quantum well. Results obtained from various sample structures are compared, including samples capped with GaAs. The observed redshift in GaAsSb capped samples is attributed to a type II band alignment and to a beneficial modification of growth kinetics during capping due to the presence of Sb. The sample structure is discussed on the basis of transmission electron microscopy results.


Abstract:
 Evaluations connect ecosystem and human welfare to achieve restoration. There have been an increasing number of studies conducted on various ecosystem service assessments, but little research has focused on inland river basins playing a critical role in development in northwestern China. The distinct differences in natural endowment, socioeconomic characteristics among the upper, middle and downstream inland river basin require heterogeneity during evaluation. The objective of this study was to verify the existence of population preference heterogeneity and examine impact factors using choice experiment surveys in the Shiyang River Basin, China. A mixed logit model using data from 714 households across the entire basin estimated mean willingness to pay and the standard deviation for ecological attributes. Ordinary least squares (OLS) was employed to estimate the effects of exogenous variables on all willingness to pay estimations. The results demonstrate that ecosystem service values are heterogeneous among people. Willingness to pay is affected by personal and regional characteristics. Government involvement will be required to seek differentiated ecosystem services values among populations and facilitate public support.


Freshwater ecosystems are severely threatened by a variety of anthropogenic stressors. In order to keep track with at least part of the changes, it is important to efficiently assess and monitor freshwater biological diversity. Biological assessment programs are developed to detect humaninduced changes in the ecological state of aquatic systems. These programs typically rely on the assumption that environmental conditions are the sole drivers of biological communities occupying a site and, thus, these local communities would correctly inform about environmental conditions. Recently, this background principle of current bioassessment methods has faced some criticism, stemming from the idea that community structuring is a more complex process than just a mere result of local environmental conditions. In this thesis, I studied the natural and anthropogenic drivers of freshwater biodiversity. I was particularly interested if the various biodiversity metrics studied showed any spatial patterns and if so, for which reasons these patterns might occur. To obtain a comprehensive picture of spatial patterns in biodiversity, I studied multiple spatial contexts, biological groups and indices. I found that environmental conditions were not the only drivers of freshwater biodiversity. Instead, different spatial patterns, likely stemming from dispersal processes, were surprisingly powerful drivers of aquatic communities and index values derived from them. The spatial context (i.e. spatial extent and connectivity) of the aquatic study systems likely played a major role in structuring biodiversity. I also found that the distinct biological groups and indices studied were partly related to different predictor variables. The findings of this thesis are of importance to the development of new bioassessment methods. The results of this thesis also suggest that the spatial context of the study setting should be acknowledged when interpreting results based on current bioassessment methods.


The objective of this article is to analyse the labour productivity, or working efficiency of new European Union (EU) states, with emphasis on Estonia; and to compare them on the EU level. Industry, construction, trade and transport in Estonia have been viewed separately. Labour market problems in Central and Eastern European countries have become more and more important. When the EU labour markets opened, some EU countries were forced to face the problem of partial workforce drain to richer countries with higher wages. In addition, on the one hand, Central and East European countries have quite high unemployment rates, and on the other, many vacant jobs – there is a lack of qualified workforce. Low salaries, among other reasons, force many people to go to work in rich countries, where wages are several times higher. A number of proposals to increase labour productivity for both workers and entrepreneurs have been listed in the summary.


Validation results of a theoretical model that describes the formation of bromate during ozonation of bromide-containing natural waters are presented. An axial dispersion model integrating the non-ideal mixing, mass-transfer and a kinetic model that links ozone decomposition reactions from the Tomiyasu, Fukutomi and Gordon ozone decay model with direct and indirect bromide oxidation reactions, oxidation of natural organic matter and reactions of dissolved organics and aqueous bromine was verified. The model was successfully validated with results obtained both at a laboratory and a full scale. Its applicability to different water supply systems was approved.


The article describes the concepts of sustainability in a historical view of the subject. The text assesses the evolution of the Minha Casa Minha Vida program (MCMV) and its relevant production for Social Interest Housing (HIS) in Brazil in this century. The research also lists the impacts of sustainable practices applied to that program. In the methodology, consultations in secondary sources (books, articles and theses) and the research of documents from the state, municipal and federal spheres stand out. This analysis of these documents is responsible for a more precise investigation on the subject. The conclusions highlight how the concept of sustainability applied to housing programs can generate increasingly higher standards of housing, suitable for the target audience.


Blanca Muratorio The Life and Times of Grandfather Alonso: Culture and History in the Upper Amazon. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1991. 295 pp.

Eduardo Viveiros de Castro From the Enemy's Point of View: Humanity and Divinity in an Amazonian Society. Catherine V. Howard, trans. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992, 428 pp.


In MR angiography, which is effective for screening of aneurysms, investigation for the quality of high-resolution angiography method using the combination of asymmetric measurement with half scan reconstruction are presented. In addition to avoiding the flow void by the asymmetric measurement, it was found that there were improvements of : (1) blood contrast by isolation of small vessels and static regions ; (2) blood continuation by interpolation in 3-dimensional space ; and (3) relative S/N of small vessels with the increasing resolution. Experimental results show that good contrast image is obtained by this method with no penalty of scanning time.


The present study on survey of Surha Tal of district Ballia, U. P. for fish fauna showed the presence of 59 species belonging to 40 genera of 22 families and 8 orders.


Although previous studies have measured and calculated solar cell chromatic aberration losses and proposed methods for reducing these by modifying the optics, significant work remains to be done toward understanding how to quantify the losses and how various parameters affect this loss. This paper presents an analytical definition and calculation method for chromatic aberration losses in Ga/sub 0.5/In/sub 0.5/P/GaAs solar cells. The effects of sheet resistance of the midlayers of the cell, total irradiance, incident spectrum, cell width and diode quality factor are studied. A method for measuring the midlayer resistance in finished solar cells is also described.


Based on the monitoring data of surface sediment in September 2009,the distribution of surface sediment heavy metals contamination of Temporary Ocean dumping site in Lanshan Port were analyzed.The content of heavy metals(Cu,Pb,Cd,Zn,Cr,and Hg) were high in central dumping area while low in the outside,which showed that dredged material dumping was possibly the main source of pollution.By analyzing the relationship between surface sediment heavy metals pollution and organic carbon,salinity,particle size,the results showed that there was a positive correlation between sediment heavy metals pollution factors and organic carbon,particle size,while there was significant correlation between Cr and organic carbon(P0.01).


Background: The formulation of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with cyclodextrins (CDs) has demonstrated to be a suitable strategy to increase drug aqueous solubility, dissolution rate, and gastric tolerance. Aim: We investigated the effects of the CDs on the physicochemical and pharmacological properties of Etodolac (ET), a practically water-insoluble nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, to individuate a drug formulation with optimized pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Methods: The interactions in solution of ET with β-CD, hydroxypropyl-β-CD (HP-β-CD), and γ-CD were studied by 13C-NMR spectroscopy and phase solubility method. Solid binary systems, prepared by physical mixing and freeze-drying, were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and dissolution studies. An in vivo pharmacological investigation (analgesic activity and gastric tolerance studies) was performed on freeze-dried ET/CD formulations. Results: 13C-NMR and phase solubility studies demonstrated the ability of CDs to complex with ET and increase drug solubility. ET/CD interactions at the solid state occurred at the molecular level only for freezed-dried samples. All binary systems, mainly those containing HP-β-CD and γ -CD, showed a significantly improved dissolution profile of ET. In vivo pharmacological studies evidenced an improvement of analgesic activity and a reduction of gastrolesivity of ET/CD-tested formulations with respect to ET alone. Conclusions: The formulation of ET with CDs demonstrates relevant pharmaceutical potential in view of decreasing dose and side effects of ET. For industrial applications, HP-β-CD appears to be the best partner for ET, as it is less expensive than γ-CD and gives rise to higher drug solubilization than β-CD.


The current coronavirus pandemic is one of the most wrecking occasions in ongoing history, and it has an impact on mental health, especially in sleep disorder and anxiety. This review aimed to find an association between COVID-19 and psychological disorders like sleep disorder and anxiety by exploring its influential factors. COVID-19 patient has greater susceptibility to having anxiety and sleep disorder-related complications including post-traumatic stress disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), obstructive sleep apnea by infecting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to the central nervous system through the olfactory lobe. Although the mechanism of COVID-19 induced sleep disorder and anxiety-related complications have not been reported yet, the investigated data suggested that sleep disorder and anxiety-related complications are arising due to increasing cortisol, norepinephrine levels in the blood and decreasing glucocorticoid receptor signaling. Further examination and clinical studies are critically required to investigate the influential factors of COVID-19 patients' susceptibility to sleep disorder, anxiety for affirming speculation, and better treatment.


A new fast method describing the time-domain propagation of optical fields in adiabatic guiding structures and including high-order dispersion effects is developed. This method is demonstrated by the propagation of a short optical pulse in a directional coupler and is shown to be in full agreement with analytical results.<<ETX>>


This paper covers the principles of lightning protection zone division,the optimum configuration scheme and capacity calculation of lightning protection equipment, the theoretical analysis of single- and multi-level protection and the real effect comparison between them, and presents a new opinion about earth grounding resistance in designing a lightning protection system.


The use of DNA testing as part of police investigative work has increased substantially since its emergence in the 1980s. The objective of this review has been to synthesize the existing evidence on the effectiveness of DNA testing as part of routine police investigative practices compared to other more traditional forms of investigation. We have identified five studies that clearly addressed the effectiveness of DNA testing as part of a criminal investigation to improve criminal justice system outcomes. The evidence suggests that DNA testing has positive value when used to investigate a broad range of crime types. There are caveats. Other than a methodologically sound evaluation in five U.S. jurisdictions, the evidence of the utility of DNA testing for serious violent crimes is based on studies with clear methodological weaknesses.


T he purpose of this research are to know ing the differences of critical thinking skills using interactive module photoelectric effects  with printed module, describe the improvement of students' critical thinking skills after the interactive module is applied, describe science process skills in students who use interactive module of photoelectric effects, and knowing student responses to the use interactive module of photoelectric effects. The study was conducted in Natar 1 Public High School, in the even semester 2018/2019 academic year with research design nonequivalent control group design. The research instrument used was a questionnaire (questionnaire), Student Worksheet (LKPD) along with observation sheets and test questions. Data collection techniques were carried out by test techniques, questionnaires and LKPD contents. The data analysis technique of critical thinking ability is done by normality test, homogeneity test and N-gain. The data analysis technique of science process skills is done by calculating the average grade of the class then adjusted to the index classification table of science processes. Hypothesis testing is done by Paired Sample T Test and Independent Sample T Test. The results of the study show that (1) the application of the photoelectric effect interactive module is able to improve students' critical thinking skills, this is seen from the N-gain value and paired sample t test results, 2) there are significant differences in critical thinking skills between students who use interactive modules with printed modules, this is seen from the differences in the n-gain values of both classes and the results of the independent sample t test, (3) the value of students' science process skills is 82.6 with a high category, and (4) students gave a positive response to the utilization of the photoelectric effect interactive module.


The Meta logo as a social media company icon has its own uniqueness, namely a two-dimensional and three-dimensional format in one object that seems to move. The Meta logo becomes an interesting object to be studied in a semiotic manner because it is an indirect communication medium. This study uses interpretive qualitative methods by utilizing data collection techniques through documentation, and data analysis through visual and semiotic analysis. The result is that the Meta logo applies several design elements, namely elements of color, line, shape, and chroma. This logo has an implicit meaning in some of its elements. The conclusion is that denotatively the Meta logo still uses the initial color element, namely blue as its trademark. In the line element, this logo is formed from two types of lines, namely straight lines formed diagonally and curved lines. The interesting thing about this Meta logo is the application of shape elements that are symbolic, numbers, and alphabetical. The chroma contained in the color of this logo is formed from the same two-color pigments with different lighting intensities, namely the intensity of the strong blue color and the intensity of the weak blue color. Connotatively, the Meta logo means calm, trust, loyalty, communication, technology, firmness, flexibility, and sustainability.


The spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) is a key mediator of immunoreceptor signaling in immune cells. Thus, interfering with the function of Syk by genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition might influence a variety of allergic and autoimmune processes. Since conventional Syk knockout mice are not viable, studies addressing the effect of Syk deletion in adult animals have been limited. To further explore functions of Syk in animal models of allergy and to shed light on the role of Syk in the in vivo migration of neutrophils and monocytes, we generated inducible Syk knockout mice. These mice harbor a floxed Syk gene and a tamoxifen‐inducible Cre recombinase under the control of the ubiquitously active Rosa26‐promoter. Thus, treatment of mice with tamoxifen leads to the deletion of Syk in all organs. Syk‐deleted mice were analyzed in mast cell‐dependent models and in models focusing on neutrophil and monocyte migration. We show that Syk deletion in adult mice reduces inflammatory responses in mast cell‐driven animal models of allergy and asthma but has no effect on the migration of neutrophils and monocytes. Therefore, the inducible Syk knockout mice presented here provide a valuable tool to further explore the role of Syk in disease‐related animal models.


To describe the current extent and type of pharmaceutical marketing in nursing homes (NHs) in one state and to provide preliminary evidence for the potential influence of pharmaceutical marketing on the use of atypical antipsychotics in NHs.


In the adjuvant setting for malignant melanoma, interferon (IFN)‐α‐2b and pegylated (PEG) IFN‐α‐2b were approved in several countries including the USA before these were approved in Japan. To resolve the "drug‐lag" issue, this phase I study was designed to evaluate the safety and tolerability in Japanese patients with stage II or III malignant melanoma who had undergone surgery, by treating with PEG IFN‐α‐2b. As with a previously reported phase III study, patients were to receive PEG IFN‐α‐2b 6 μg/kg per week s.c. during an 8‐week induction phase, followed by a maintenance phase at a dose of 3 μg/kg per week up to 5 years. Dose‐limiting toxicity and pharmacokinetics were assessed during the initial 8 weeks. Of the nine patients enrolled, two patients had dose‐limiting toxicities that resolved after discontinuation of treatment. The most frequently reported drug‐related adverse events (DRAE) included pyrexia, decreased neutrophil and white blood cell counts, and arthralgia. Grade 3 DRAE included decreased neutrophil count. No deaths, serious adverse events and grade 4 adverse events were reported. Distant metastasis occurred in one patient. No apparent differences in area under the concentration–time curve and maximum observed serum concentration were observed between Japanese and historical non‐Japanese pharmacokinetic data, suggesting no marked racial differences. No neutralizing antibody was detected in these patient samples. PEG IFN‐α‐2b was tolerated in Japanese patients, and eventually approved in Japan in May 2015 for adjuvant therapy in patients with stage III malignant melanoma. Because the number of patients was limited, further investigation would be crucial.


We present and evaluate an iterative dual energy CT reconstruction algorithm for a K-edge contrast material in microCT imaging. This allows improved discrimination of contrast enhanced structures such as vasculature from surrounding bony structures. The energy dependence of the attenuation is modeled by decomposing the linear attenuation coefficient into three basis functions. Any material without a K-edge in the imaging energy range can be modeled by two basis functions describing the Compton scatter and the photoelectric effect respectively. A K-edge material is described by using its mass attenuation coefficient as third basis function. During reconstruction the basis function coefficients are determined for each voxel of the image by maximizing the likelihood of the data. The relative weights of the Compton and photoelectric components are constrained to those of expected materials to reduce the number of unknowns to two per voxel. The proposed method is validated on simulated and real microCT projections. The presented method was found to perform better than a typical post-reconstruction approach with respect to beam-hardening and noise at the expense of increased computation time.


Past and present SUGI confe-cences have offered ~ wealth of papers covering the use of SAS user-defined formats for tab~e lookllp. Mastery of this simple but powerful programming technique is a crucial step towards. achieving fluency in SAS progmmming and systems design. Yet nO previous SUG. papers and no SAS manuals have gone beyond presenti.ng basic techniques and truly plumbed the depths of the immense potential of the FORMAT procedure, This tutorial bridges that gap. It shows how yon Can extend your use of the basic PROC FORMAT table lookup technique into virtually any larger SAS SyStem application. in ways possibly not dreamed of even by the origioal designers of FRoe FORMAT. Specifically, PROC FORMAT -b:ued table lookup techniques ace discussed that do the f-allowing.: • facilitate easy ma.intenance fOr SAS-based systems by making them table-driven in:nead or purely code-driven; • permit recoding. cQtegol"izing, find list checking. all in fundamentally the same mannel"; • provide f3~t and tnnsparent data. ba;!le-Iike infol"mation l"etrieval. even for lookups based on multiple val"iables. Aside from just exhibiting techoologi<;al fuzde-danle. howev~r, these [able lookup techniqnes allow the SAS programmer to increase the overall maintainability of 8. SAS-based system by allowing a sharp separa~ion between program data and program code. This tutorial shows y-ou ways to get th-e data out of yOur program, making coding, debugging. and maintenance considerably easier.


Due to the inherent misalignment variations in wireless electric vehicle (EV) charging systems, particularly in dynamic charging modes, it is essential to acknowledge the misalignment performance in the design and optimization of the coupling coils and the shielding layers. In this work, a heuristic inductive link design approach is presented, in which the coupling performance of rectangular RIPT coils is evaluated over a range of lateral misalignments for different coil parameters and shielding layer thickness. Accordingly, recommendations are made on the inductive link design that provides good coupling behavior, sufficiently high power transfer efficiency and effective shielding performance over a wide range of lateral misalignments.


The influence of a tilted magnetic field on the energy spectrum of holes in a quantum well is considered. The case of a strong field is used to calculate the effective masses of holes at different Landau levels. An anisotropy of the g factor of quasitwo-dimensional holes is considered in the case of a weak field


A derivation of the relaxation strength for anelastic and dielectric relaxation of point defects is proposed, and the calculation is extended to cases not yet treated; the formulas reported in the literature can be obtained as particular cases. The relaxation strength is expressed as the sum of the contributions of all the pairs of configurations that the defect can assume. The case of arbitrarily high concentrations with blocking, short-range interactions, and formation of defect complexes is also treated, and the formulas of the partial concentrations of the various defect configurations are provided


This study aims to analyze in depth the influence of mathematical disposition on mathematical communication ability of junior high school students. The method in this research using a correlational method with quantitative approach. The population of this study is all junior high school students in one of the SMP Negeri in West Bandung amounted to 34 students. Instruments in this study using the test of mathematical communication skills as much as 5 items and the scale of mathematical disposition as much as 23 points of statement scale. The result of this research is student's mathematical disposition influenced by 76,5% then its rest influenced by other factors outside mathematical disposition equal to 23,5%.


Among the oldest species of thrips known from North America is the six-spotted thrips, Scolothrips sexmaculatus (Perg.). As early as 1882 Pergande recognized this thrips as predacious on red spiders. Quayle (1912) reported some of the first biological observations and illustrated the adult. Numerous entomologists since have called attention to its predacious habits, and its known distribution and host list have grown slowly. Its life history, however, has remained unknown.


This study analyzes the experience of adoptive parents in the adoption of a child. The study population for this qualitative study consisted of two couples and two mothers (six participants in all) who had been adopting for at least four years. For the data collection, we used an identification form and a semi-structured interview of the exploratory type. The data were submitted to Content Analysis. The results of the research showed that adopting a child is primarily motivated by the infertility of one of the spouses, along with the intrinsic desire to become a father or mother. In three out 1 E-mail: camila.lanfredi@ hotmail.com. 2 E-mail: michelespereira01@ gmail.com. 3 Psicóloga. Mestre em Psicologia pela Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul. Professora da Universidade do Vale do Itajaí. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com. of the four cases, it was noted that the bond was formed gradually. Concerning family relationships, three of the cases indicated that the relationship was considered pleasant, without the occurrence of any episodes that disturbed the family life. However, one of the cases presented a different reality from that reported by others, demonstrating that the family dynamic surrounding the adopting presents different contexts and complexities.


This paper amends a recent statistical theory of rearrangement collisions to bring it into accord with the detailed‐balance theorem. Both classical and quantum formulations are discussed. The energy dependence of the cross sections near threshold and approximate formulas for the cross sections at arbitrary energies are derived.


Quantum marking and quantum erasure are discussed for the neutral kaon system. Contrary to other two-level systems, strangeness and lifetime of a neutral kaon state can be alternatively measured via an"active"or a"passive"procedure. This offers new quantum erasure possibilities. In particular, the operation of a quantum eraser in the"delayed choice"mode is clearly illustrated.


The diagnostic value of CT (computed tomography) checking for encephalic illness is affirmative. How to prevent the man-made error and improve the interpret level for brain CT images, is the purpose of this paper. Under a prototype of brain-CT-images-interpret system (BCTIIS), we discuss the intelligent content-based image retrieval techniques. In this paper, for image retrieving, we not only issued the transform of content-based retrieval languages, but also developed a weighted complex similarity query algorithm (WK-NN) for optimum query efficiency.


Abstract : This work consists of an analytical development of the observed temperature dependence of the resistivity in n-type silicon. This is accomplished by considering the temperature dependence of each physical parameter (such as electron scattering terms) contributing to resistivity in various doping ranges. (Author)


Traffic accidents, which cause a great number of death, injury and economical loss, are one of the major problems in Turkey. The usual suspect for traffic accidents are drivers. Despite the fact that almost 90% of accidents happen because of drivers' mistakes, the relationship between drivers' behaviors and traffic accidents have not been adequately investigated. This current study investigates factors causing anger on drivers and the drivers' response against these factors. In addition, the effects of variables such as sex, age, marital status, level of education, number of accidents, number of tickets, maximum speed made by drivers and experience on drivers' aggression were also investigated. The study was conducted with 226 female and 241 male subjects in the city of Erzurum, Turkey. Data were analyzed using MANOVA, correlation and multiple regression tests on SPSS 17.0. Findings showed that drivers particularly become angry when they face hostile gestures from other drivers. The first way of anger expression chosen by drivers is verbal. In addition, sex, age, marital status and number of accidents affect the level of drivers' anger and anger expression.


We review the problem of automating hardware-aware architectural design process of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). The field of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) algorithm design has led to advancements in many fields, such as computer vision, virtual reality, and autonomous driving. The end-to-end design process of a CNN is a challenging and time-consuming task, as it requires expertise in multiple areas such as signal and image processing, neural networks, and optimization. At the same time, several hardware platforms, general- and special-purpose, have equally contributed to the training and deployment of these complex networks in a different setting. Hardware-Aware Neural Architecture Search (HW-NAS) automates the architectural design process of DNNs to alleviate human effort and generate efficient models accomplishing acceptable accuracy-performance tradeoffs. The goal of this article is to provide insights and understanding of HW-NAS techniques for various hardware platforms (MCU, CPU, GPU, ASIC, FPGA, ReRAM, DSP, and VPU), followed by the co-search methodologies of neural algorithm and hardware accelerator specifications.


This study investigates how each component of underwriters" fees affects issuers" opportunistic earnings management based on the certification hypothesis in the capital raising market. The positive relation between underwriters" fees and issuers" earnings management indicates that underwriters with high fees reduce the certification effects and create conflicts of interest, thereby increasing the information asymmetry between issuers and investors. In terms of each component of underwriters" fees, while the management and underwriting fees are positively related to issuers" earnings management, the selling concession is not statistically significant. This study shows the underwriting relationships between underwriters and issuers in the new issue market and earnings management.


I ask you to consider the following situation. In a company or a public institution, a manager and/or a group of people are confronted with a problem that requires that they make a decision. They call on an in-house operational research service or an outside consultant or even a university research team to get help in making "the best possible" decision. I will designate as analysts those who are appointed to give this decision aiding and as decision makers those in whose name or for whom this decision aiding must be given. In the operational research and decision aiding community to which I belong, the decision-aiding activity (which is meant to be scientific) is founded on three pillars:


Characteristics of leaf inorphology and water relations were examined and compared for the leaves of Eucnlyfil'us grobztlus which shows continuous changes of leaf form from oval in the current sprouts to lanceolate in the normally grown shoots. With the changes of leaf form, several anatomical features were observed to change continuously. The normal leaves had long petioles and showed some 'sun leaf' characteristics, i. e., three or four layers of ~nesophyll palisade cells, srnall specific leaf area, dense venation, and low air space ratio. On the other hand, the current sprout leaves si~owed the 'shade leaf' characteristics. On the abaxial surface of the current sprout leaves, snlaller stomata in high frequency compared to those of norrnal leaves were observed. No stomata was observed on the adaxial surface of the sprouts leaves although there was about a frequency of 60% of abaxial stomata in the i1ormal leaves. Water relation parameters obtained by the pressure-volume curve technique suggested that the sprout leaves were inferior in maintaining cell turgor against water loss compared to the i~orinal leaves. Under field conditions, transpiration rates and stoi~~atai conductances were higher in the sprout leaves, while leaf water potelltials were almost the same in both the sprout and the 11or111al leaves. Tlle leaf specific coi1ductai~ce of tree bole supporting unit leaf area, calculated from the relationship between leaf water potentials and transpiration rates, was higher in sprouts. It was collcluded that the sprout leaves, which have a lower-light efficient morphology and a smaller contellt of osn~otic water, nlaiiltain the high stoll~atal col1ductance supported by a high leaf specific conductance.


Magnetic field measurements have been made on twelve 17-m-long, 40-mm-aperture R&D superconducting dipoles. Data on dipole field strength, multipole coefficients, and alignment have been obtained. The data indicate that the magnets as built are generally within the expectations for this design. >


Temperatures created by a moving tilted line and a moving tilted cylinder are considered. Analytical expressions for low Peclet (Pe ≪ 1) and high Peclet (Pe ≫ 1) numbers are obtained for the whole range of possible tilt angles. These expressions almost overlap: It is shown that these analytical expressions describe very well the results of numerical calculations at any Peclet numbers except for a very narrow range of Pe close to unity. A method of calculation of the cut shape (variation of the tilt angle inside the cut) is discussed.


The present invention discloses a method of utilizing laser excitation varying the density of the quantum efficiency of the fluorescence spectra of the LED, making the test sample, the test sample has a quantum well structure comprising successively at least from a substrate, a low temperature nucleation layer, a low temperature buffer layer , n-type layer, active layer and p-type region; sample into the sample chamber of the LED spectrometer, the optical path of the laser to the sample is placed round attenuator, an attenuator by adjusting the position of the continuous tunable laser power; then placing a branched light path, which the spectral ratio constant, to obtain a laser power measurement optical path through real-time measurement branch optical path, and measurement spot size of the test optical path to obtain laser excitation density; attenuator by changing the position of the laser circle, measurements at different laser power and calculate the density of laser excitation and fluorescence spectrum obtained by the corresponding detector; and calculating the list of laser excitation and fluorescence spectra density corresponding to the integrated intensity; rate equation and is defined according to internal quantum efficiency, internal quantum efficiency obtained fitting.


Petty commodity production (PCP) is a key reality of contemporary capitalism. Deceptively simple, it is shrouded in synonyms, debates and neglect. This essay covers its de fi nitions and roles in agrarian change. Four aspects relevant to critical agrarian studies are introduced: its gendering, persistence, ' unviability ' and roles in the wider economy. Three debates are summarised: PCP versus peasants, exploitation versus con fl ict over appropriated surplus, simple reproduction and PCP expansion. Last, PCPs ' relations to the state and PCP politics are reviewed with material mostly drawn from South Asia. PCP remains a form of contemporary capitalism that must not be ignored either analytically or politically.


Q:What are the current dressing options available to assist healing outcomes via continuous or maintenance wound bed preparation (WBP)? A: Clinically, wound debridement has been used for decades to augment natural healing. Steed et al have highlighted the significance in their classic studies. WBP has been described in the literature since 2000. It encompasses the process of debridement, which is the removal of senescent, aberrant, and nonfunctional cells concurrently with the removal of necrotic tissue. Biofilms associated with necrotic tissue are also eliminated in the process. The practice of WBP principles also requires efficient moisture management, control of infection and inflammation, and possibly the use of advanced technologies (collagen, living skin equivalents, growth factors, extracellular matrix dressings) to disturb the pernicious equilibrium to heal the recalcitrant chronic wound that resists closure. Traditionally, debridement has been used as a single therapeutic phase within defined time frames. This procedure is usually repeated only if necrotic tissue reappears because it is assumed that healthy granulation tissue will form after a single complete debridement. Even though this may be applicable for acute wounds, it is unlikely that any single, usually mechanical, debridement procedure will terminally remove the necrotic load that continually accumulates in a chronic wound. In the case of nonhealing chronic wounds, it may be more appropriate to perform regular or even continuous debridement.


In this paper we study a class of nonlinear systems with unknown inputs for which nonlinear observers with linearizable error dynamics in appropriate coordinates can be designed. Various conditions for accomplishing this task are stated. The observation scheme is then utilized as a mean for model based monitoring and failure diagnosis within the system. Selection of threshold value with reliability is discussed. Finally, the paper concludes with examples, illustrating applicability of the reported results in linear and nonlinear systems. not coincidental, and the present results will encompass the U10 design in linear and bilinear systems as well. In the next section, we will give conditions for the existence of the transformation which will transform the original nonlinear system into the desired form. Also an approach for the design of the unknown input observer and some discussions on the comparison with linear systems will be made. Next, we will present an approach for actuator FDI. Finally, the last section will provide numerical examples illustrating the practical application of the proposed FDI approach.


Human resources manager can succeed in motivating workers based on the information available and used by him. To understand the critical importance of people in the organization is to recognize that the human element and the organization are synonymous. It shows that a well managed organization usually sees an average worker as the root source of quality and productivity gains. In order to make employees satisfied and committed to their jobs in the organization, there is need for strong and effective motivation at the various levels. It attempts to explore the relationship between work motivation and job satisfaction. There is positive relationship between information, adequate motivation and satisfaction of workers. The paper aims to know the importance of information resource and management of people at work as an integral part of the management process and to reveal information management is very important and is the life wire of organization and workers' job satisfaction.

 Key words: Motivation, information management, job satisfaction.


The theory and apparatus for a Michelson interferometer for the precise measurement of dielectric constant and loss of liquids at 2.1‐mm wavelength are described. The probable error of the dielectric‐constant measurements is 0.2%. The probable error of the loss measurements is 2% or ±0.0002, whichever is higher. The dielectric constants and losses of dilute solutions of chlorobenzene in benzene have been measured at 2.1‐mm wavelength at 20° and compared in the light of existing lower‐frequency data. The dielectric constants and losses of several nonpolar and slightly polar liquids have also been measured at 2.1‐mm wavelength at 20°. The presence of appreciable losses in benzene and carbon tetrachloride has been confirmed. Measured losses in cyclohexane and n‐heptane are considerably lower than those in benzene and carbon tetrachloride.


To improve the weapon system effectiveness in encounter with future air threat likely to have a high level of agility and sophisticated countermeasure, the concept of guidance integrated fuzing (GIF) has been set forth. The GIF m'akes use of the guidance seeker information to obtain a highly accurate warhead plane intercept prediction for guidance command generation, warhead aiming, and detonation timing. In this paper, the analysis and evaluation of the GIF and, in particular, the predictive fuzing parameter estimation, are presented. The guidance integrated predictive fuzing is formulated with a comparison with traditional hollow cone fuzing. Various fuzing parameter estimation schemes developed show promising results in flight test data processing. A 6DOF missile simulation with GIF feature is also presented.


The general layout plays a pivotal role for coal-fired power plants, whose investment accounts for 10%~15% of the whole project static investment. And the layout optimization has a great influence on the operation management costs. Huaneng Haimen Power Plant made more attempt on general layout than other power plants in coastal areas, such as the coal handling gallery through the chimney, drainage taking by open channel in a maximum extent, and so on, which could provide reference for related projects.


1.Introductionmobile industry isconstantly pushing theenvelope toconstruct smaller andmore versatile wireless appliances. Incontemporary designs, multiple wireless systems areintroduced into themobile terminal suchasGSM/EDGE/3G TXandRX,Bluetooth, WLAN,GPSandperhaps evenDVB-H,UWB.Highdata rate components suchascamera (5MP+), display (QVGA+)andhispeed internal memories andI/O-channels (USB2.0, memorystick) areusedinthephone. Theunit itself shall preferably bemadecompact andsmall, whichmakesseparation ofsubsystems difficult oroften impossible. Instead ofseparating thesystems, muchworkisspent toalleviate theeffects of closely packed architecture bydecoupling, shielding, grounding andother counter measures. While thisistodayperformed ina systematic butmanualwayusingempirical knowledge and measurements, theavenue offinding theproblems before abuild using EM simulations isvery appealing.


Insotnnia is the most conlmon sleep-related complaint, and the second most common overall complaint (after pain) reported in primarv care settings.e [t affects 35Vo <>f the general population during the course of a vear bur, despite irs high prevalence , 697" of patients suffering from sleep disorrlers never report it to healthc:ue providers.o The advent of the newer nonbenzodiazepine hlpnotics has also led to :ur increasecl a\{areness of insomnia, and rts neahnent alternatives. (,9A Fan Pract 2003:4,f ( I ) :40-4 7)


The use of new materials constitutes an alternative to solve the problems involved in progress of electronics nowadays. The good knowledge of the electric materials parameters is a need. For this reasons, we have developed a broad-band technique for measuring the complex relative permittivity (ε*) of dielectric materials. Our method is based on the use of a measurement bench in free space, using two antenna Vivaldi which are simulated; one used to produce electromagnetic wave and the second is to resave the electromagnetic wave. The materials are placed between the two antennas to be characterized. Many results are obtained with S parameters in transmission, using the vectorial analysis. To extract the complex permittivity we use a mathematical model.


This paper reviewed the recent research progress of AS magnesium alloys,including the effects of heat treatment process and forming and alloying elements on microstructure and mechanical properties of AS magnesium alloys.The refinement and uniform distribution of the main strengthening phase Mg2 Si grain is the key to improving the performance of AS heat resistant magnesium alloys.The reciprocating extrusion technique and proper heat treatment process can improve the microstructure and properties of casting AS heat resistant magnesium alloys,and improve the high temperature creep properties.The addition of amount of Ca,Sr,Sb,Nd and Y elements can refine Mg2Si grains and finally improve the high temperature creep properties.


This is a case of a 56-year-old man with Castleman disease (CD) who improved after kidney transplantation (KTP). CD is an uncommon lymphoproliferative disorder that was found incidentally on biopsy during dialysis in the current patient and was followed up without further treatment. However, the lesion showed improvement after KTP. Therefore, active KTP can be considered even if CD is one of the lymphoproliferative disorders that can occur as a complication after KTP.


Objective To investigate the use of autogenous costal cartilage and Medpor implantation to correct the nasal deformity of Binder Syndrome and observe the effect.Methods 6 patients were performed the operation together with more than 6 months follow-up.The operation choosed the incision of V type along the lower edge of the lateral cartilage and got the nasal septum cartilage.The costal cartilage stent and nasal septum cartilage stent were put in and Medpor was used to fix shape.Results Patents and surgeons were all satisfactory with the nasal shape,height and length.No significant complication was recorded.Conclusion This method was easy and low cost,with good effect and earning promotion.


The present invention comprises a fluorescent dye, an erbium complex compound, and a binder compound, wherein the emission wavelength region of the fluorescent dye includes one or more of 490, 520, 650, 800, 980, and 1480 nm, which are absorbed energy levels of erbium ions. It is to provide a core solution composition for preparing an optical amplification device, the compound is a mixture consisting of a polymer binder and a crosslinking agent, or a mixture consisting of a photopolymerizable (or thermopolymerizable) monomer, a polyfunctional monomer and a polymerization initiator, 1 to 40% by weight of a fluorescent dye, 0.1 to 30 wt% of the erbium complex compound and 10 to 70 wt% of the binder compound.


In the ever-evolving fields of optoelectronics and photonics, the introduction of carefully designed micro-/nanostructures enables personalized customization of the electrical and optical properties of optoelectronic and photonic devices [...].


This article demonstrates that deaf men and women were integrated into early modern communities through use of sign language, and that Protestant concerns about preaching and hearing promoted sign language as a legitimate form of communication. Historians have believed that the Protestant emphasis on preaching excluded deaf people from heaven. However, not only did contemporaries believe that deaf people could be saved, but debates on this topic prompted a wider assessment of the nature of hearing loss and sensory knowledge. Discussions about deafness therefore had implications for all congregations, as English preachers used well-known manual gestures from rhetorical texts to make their sermons accessible for both the 'spiritually' and the 'physically' deaf. The experiences of deaf people in early modern England demonstrate the importance of religious practices in shaping perceptions of disability and impairment. By focusing on deaf parishioners, it is possible to explore some of the impacts of the Reformation on ideas of embodiment while modifying literary accounts of the representation of disability in the period. A little-known part of early modern history, the role of preachers in the evolution of signed languages for the deaf offers new perspectives on Reformation history and the growing field of disability history.


The Hawaii Revised Statutes (HRS) defines pathological intoxication as "intoxication grossly excessive in degree, given the amount of the intoxicant, to which the defendant does not know the defendant is susceptible and which results from a physical abnormality of the defendant." HRS §702-230(5)(c) (emphasis added). Despite frequent attempts by defendants to present voluntary intoxication as pathological intoxication, and therefore as an exculpating factor, the courts have consistently maintained that voluntary intoxication is not admissible to negate state of mind to establish an element of the offense. See State v. Souza (1991); State v. Hall (1983); State v. Freitas (1980); State v. Nuetzel (1980). In State v. Souza (1991), the defendant admittedly smoked methamphetamine just before he stabbed the victim in the back with a knife. Souza then repeatedly stabbed the victim as the latter attempted to escape, and then pursued the victim in a car, grazing his leg as the victim jumped into the bushes. Souza was subsequently arrested, charged, and convicted of attempted murder in the second degree and unauthorized control of propelled vehicle. On appeal, the Hawaii Supreme Court held that voluntary intoxication was not admissible and that it was a gratuitous defense that is not constitutionally protected as a defense to criminal conduct. Psychological and psychiatric experts have not been deterred by the courts' ostensibly clear rulings. In State v. Romel (1990), the facts were straightforward. (See Tradewind Insurance Co., Ltd. v. Stout, 1997.) On June 30, 1988, 18-year-old Romel shot his summer-school teacher while she was teaching English at Aiea High School. At trial, Romel testified that he had been smoking crystal methamphetamine since his junior year and had smoked "ice" every day of summer school up to the time of the shooting. Prior to the shooting, he smoked ice before going to school with his gun. He further testified that the ice made him feel paranoid, and that he believed 15


narrow construction of " unconditional " in section 18, rule 1, so as to prevent the property from passing whenever the contract contains a " condition " in the sense of essential term—a not infrequent occurrence. Further, where the right to reject, and to rescind, is lost by acceptance, the mistake will often not be discovered until after acceptance of the goods, or, at any rate, part thereof. And where there has been an act inconsistent with the ownership of the seller before delivery, execution of the contract will destroy all the buyer's rights. If these are, in truth, the conclusions to be drawn from recent dicta culminating in those in Rose v. Pirn, the fusion of law and equity seems, in this connection, to mean the application of section 11 (1) (c) of the Sale of Goods Act, 1893, which deals only with the right of rejection by the buyer, to the equitable remedy of rescission, both for innocent misrepresentation and for mistake, presumably whether claimed by buyer or seller. Many will find it odd that such a solution should be adumbrated by Denning L.J. after his vigorous attempts to extend the scope of these equitable remedies, and to sweep away the marcescent, but not altogether -dissimilar, doctrine of Angel v. Jay.


In this paper we develop a model of the crisis management process, based on the feedback structure of decision-making and the learning process that characterizes all adaptive systems. This model differs from prior models in that it is more comprehensive and adaptable, as required for rapidly changing, critical circumstances. It organizes the elements of crisis management in an organic, teachable, and understandable way for everyone who might have to deal with crisis. The resulting integrated approach offers enhanced communication and an integrated decision-making system linking all the stakeholders who must cooperate to resolve a crisis.


Open systems and open sources have made significant contributions to the information technology field. The importance of their implementation along with the number of IT shops using open systems and open software continue to increase. The growing number of open software challenges the traditional mainframe based enterprise systems which mainly host propriety applications. Mainframe engineers realized the inevitable trend of openness and started to accept open applications and implement open systems to host those applications. Moving toward the open systems and open sources not only reduces the cost of software development life cycle but also improves the quality of the service. However, there exists a gap between the mainframe system programmers and the open system programmers. To bridge the gap, we need to bring the openness to the mainframe computing field by educating both programmers the fundamental differences between the two systems. In this paper we present our efforts of bringing them together by integrating the open systems/sources courses into the mainframe computing education environment. Our initial attempts to bridge the gap include two open systems open sources course proposals and an internship plan for our Open-ECS development.


In the large-scale business environment,a business process may involve lots of different web services arising from one or several enterprises.To handle those business processes efficiently,the architecture of a flexible workflow management system,i.e.,e-ScopeWork is proposed on the basis of web service.The functions of its components are studied to analyze the features of task scheduling in workflow.As a result,the scheduling approach,deployment,and implementation mechanism of tasks or task managers are discussed in detail,thus attaining the goal that a workflow can be deployed flexibly according to the requirements and scale of a business process.


The method of detecting volatile phenols in drinking water by national standard determination was improved.The extractive distillation colorimetry of national standard determination was replaced by alkali distillation colorimetry on concentrated water samples.The results showed that the linearity of standard curve of the improved method was better and the recovery was in accepted scope.The problem of high absorbance of blank was solved when 4-amino-antipyrin purified by ethanol was used as reagent,which enhanced the sensitivity of the detection and accuracy of the results.


Prediction of the transient fluid dynamic forces that act on the pipe line structure, junctions and supports are important in order to predict the maximum design loads. The paper presents the methodology and results of the fluid dynamic forces prediction for the reheated steam pipe line at the Thermal Power Plant "Nikola Tesla B". The dynamic forces are induced by fluid transient flow caused by the action of the plant safety system. Closure of the isolation valves in front of the intermediate pressure turbine stops the steam flow and leads to the in crease of pres sure in front of the isolation valves, pressure waves propagation and super position along the pipe line, which cause additional dynamic loading of the pipe line structure. Prediction of the fluid dynamic forces is performed simultaneously with the simulation of the transient fluid flow. Transient simulation of fluid flow and calculation of fluid-dynamic forces are performed with the computer code TEA (Transient Evaluation Analyses), which is developed at the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering in Belgrade. Obtained results are used for the review of a foreign project on the reconstruction (replacement) of steam pipeline in Thermal Power Plant "Nikola Tesla B". Results obtained with the computer code TEA are compared with results of foreign computer code SHOCK. Acceptably agreement is achieved.


The reason of excessive data cache miss was analyzed during the fractional-pixel-accuracy motion estimation,and then a new reference picture data storage approach was proposed for quarter-pixel-accuracy motion estimation,which was able to remarkably decrease the data cache miss comparing with the current techniques.By this approach,the quar-ter-pixel-accuracy motion estimation was implemented with high computational efficiency and high data transmission ef-ficiency.


Objective To screen the differential expression of proteins in rat plasma under acute severe hemorrhagic shock (ASHS) by means of two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-DE).Methods Sixteen male wistar rats were randomly divided into sham hemorrhage shock (SHS) group and ASHS group, with 8 rats for each group. ASHS was induced by withdrawing blood through femoral arterial catheter within 15 min until the mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) was decreased to and maintained at 35-40 mm Hg. The animals were sacrificed 80 min after hemorrhage. The harvested plasma for both SHS group and ASHS group was treated with Aurum TM Serum Protein Mini Kit to remove high-quality of proteins, and the remaining plasma proteins were then separated respectively by 2-DE. The 2-DE gel was stained by Coomassie Brilliant Blue R-250, and analyzed using Image Master 2D Platinum v 5.0 software. The differential expression proteins were cut from gel, analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS), and identified through searching Swiss-prot database with Mascot software.Results As shown by Image Master Analysis software, 570.0±0.9) protein spots were detected in SHS group and 578.0±1.4 protein spots in ASHS group. The machting ratio of protein spots between SHS group and ASHS group reached to 83.6-86.2 %. Of them, ten protein spots displayed significant difference, either to be upregulated, downregulated or newly visualized after stimulation of acute severe hemorrhage shock. Three differential proteins were identified, including Albumin, Chain D of rat Transthyretin and Semaphorin-3D precursor.Conclusion In this study, the repetitive 2-DE patterns with good resolution were well established. Several differentially expressed proteins between SHS group and ASHS group were preliminarily identified. These results may help to screen molecular biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment of hemorrhagic shock and provide new clue for pathogenic mechanism study of hemorrhagic shock.


A radioimmunoconjugate composed of pembrolizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody immunoglobulin (Ig) G4 antibody directed against the human cell surface receptor programmed cell death 1 (PD-1; PDCD1; CD279; programmed cell death-1), labeled with the radioisotope zirconium Zr 89, with potential use as an imaging agent upon positron emission tomography (PET ). Upon administration of zirconium Zr 89 pembrolizumab, the antibody moiety binds to PD-1, an inhibitory signaling receptor expressed on the surface of activated T -cells, and blocks the binding to and activation of PD-1 by its ligands. Upon PET imaging, PD-1-expressing T -cells, as well as pembrolizumab biodistribution, can be visualized and the expected response to treatment with pembrolizumab, as well as selection of patients that would respond to pembrolizumab, can be assessed. T he ligands for PD-1 include programmed cell death-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1), which is overexpressed on certain cancer cells, and programmed cell death-1 ligand 2 (PD-L2), which is primarily expressed on antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Activated PD-1 negatively regulates T -cell activation and plays a key role in tumor evasion from host immunity. Qeios · Definition, February 2, 2020


As of 2008, about 23% of children in the United States were immigrants or the children of immigrants. This paper examines how immigrants are portrayed in books aimed at teenagers. From a sample of 20 young-adult novels we look at the demographics of both protagonist and author and examine how three main themes are addressed: 1) experiences prior to immigration, 2) journeys of immigration, and 3) adjustments due to immigration. Finally, we explore how the issues of power, difference, and representation play out in these immigrant narratives.


This article proposes the expansion of user rights to trademark law in Canada with reference to other jurisdictions' approach to the parody of trademarks. Fair dealing user rights in copyright cover a range of allowable purposes under the Copyright Act. The case of parody is perhaps the clearest way to illustrate the need for expanded intellectual property user rights for trademarks. Trademark parody demonstrates how recognizing specific rights for users of trademarks would assist in delineating the limits of owners' rights and in limiting encroachment on freedom of expression, and would take greater account of the broader public interest beyond just the "consumer shortcut" role of a mark. The extension of user rights into this domain would encourage further balance between the public interest and public domain and the protection of creators' and owners' rights. This article seeks to consider parody as fair dealing or fair use, review the current legal framework in Canada and abroad, understand the rationale for extension of these rights, and propose appropriate changes to the current trademarks regime, including potential amendments to the legislation.


Background: Despite a dearth of well-controlled studies comparing the gastric emptying (GE) of casein- and whey- based formulas in humans and lack of clear evidence suggesting that such a difference influences patient symptoms, prevailing opinion among healthcare professionals continues to purport that a clinically meaningful difference exists between the two. Aim: To review the literature related to the influence of casein and whey on GE in humans. Methods: A PubMed literature search was executed using a combination of the following search terms: gastric emptying, human, casein, and whey. Our primary interest was experimental design strategies with respect to established physiologic factors controlling GE. Results: Our search resulted in 11 citations; 5 directly compared GE rates of casein- and whey-based formulas and 3 of the 5 suggested a difference. Critical review of these studies revealed numerous experimental design weaknesses that included: 1) lack of control over osmolality, caloric density, feeding volume and macronutrients (protein, fat, and carbohydrate), 2) small sample sizes, and 3) use of heterogeneous subjects with respect to age, symptom types, symptom severity, and general health status. Conclusion: No convincing evidence exists to support the prevailing notion that casein- and whey-predominant formulas differently influence GE rates.


Breast cancer is already one of the most common form of cancer worldwide. Mammography image analysis is still the most effective diagnostic method to promote the early detection of breast cancer. Accurately segmenting tumours in digital mammography images is important to improve diagnosis capabilities of health specialists and avoid misdiagnosis. In this work, we evaluate the feasibility of applying GrowCut to segment regions of tumour and we propose two GrowCut semi-supervised versions. All the analyses were performed by evaluating the application of segmentation techniques to a set of images obtained from the Mini-MIAS mammography image database. GrowCut segmentation was compared to Region Growing, Active Contours, Random Walks and Graph Cut techniques. Experiments showed that GrowCut, when compared to the other techniques, was able to acquire better results for the metrics analysed. Moreover, the proposed semi-supervised versions of GrowCut were proved to have a clinically satisfactory quality of segmentation.


Calcium antagonists are a chemically heterogeneous group of substances that effectively reduce elevated blood pressure in all age groups and also show organoprotective properties. A number of randomized studies have revealed a reduction in morbidity, in particular stroke. These substances are the drugs of first choice in the elderly, in left-ventricular hypertrophy and in obstructive pulmonary disease. Care must be exercised when congestive heart failure or acute coronary syndrome presents. Calcium antagonists are ideal combination drugs that help achieve targeted blood pressure levels.


Escherichia coli as the test sample bacteria,was used to study the time,flow rate,water temperature on the effect of decontamination tent.The mathematical model and parameters were established through the combination of multi-factor test,which have been commonly used decontamination and the decontamination efficiency of lookup tables.Finally,combined with the actual work of the fire troops,the optimal decontamination parameter is put forward.


Quick Response Code: Website: www.surgicalneurologyint.com In the Handbook of Spine Surgery published by Thieme Medical Publishers Inc. (copyright 2012), the five editors, Dr. Ali A. Baaj, Dr. Praveen V. Mummaneni, Dr. Juan S. Uribe, Dr. AlexanderR. Vaccaro, and Dr. Mark S. Greenberg, provide a thorough 415-page overview of spinal surgery in paperback. The 85 authors who contributed chapters to this handbook, including the editors, were predominantly neurosurgeons and orthopedic surgeons at all stages of academic proficiency.


Visual understanding of crowd scenes is a challenging and important issue in computer vision domain. Identification of crowd type is a basic requirement for analyzing crowd scenarios. With the advancement of deep convolution neural networks image recognition problems have become easy. In this paper, we propose a novel architecture (DeepCrowd) inspired by Resnet to incorporate spatial features comprehensively. To train and evaluate proposed system, a robust and unique dataset of nearly six thousand images is generated. Evaluating the system extensively highlighted accuracy of 83.11% that is comparable with others state-of-the-art methods.


Abstract This paper presents a real options approach (ROA) for establishing a new decision model under an uncertain rate of Internet securities trading. The proposed approach can assist securities firms in evaluating the optimal threshold value for establishing an electronic securities trading system (ESTS). With the proposed approach, strategy managers can prevent the downside risk for such an ESTS project, and establish the optimal dynamic decision rule through manageable flexibility. This paper assumes that the rate of Internet securities trading follows geometric Brownian motion. The net profit will be increased after ESTS is established since different charges are levied for different ways of trading securities. Accordingly, a proposed model is introduced by the ROA. The closed form solution of the optimal entry threshold value for the ESTS investment project is determined, two theorems are proven and sensitivity analysis for related parameters is also conducted. The conclusions provide a valuable reference for strategic managers of securities firms when they make decisions for establishing ESTS.


This study analyzes radiosonde observations and other datasets to examine variabil ity in the moist static energy (MSE) budget over the eastern Maritime Continent during the CINDY2011/DYNAMO field campaign of October 2011–March 2012. During this period, five events bearing key characteristics of the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) are identified. Our analysis focuses on both these events and longer-term seasonal evolution. On the seasonal time scale, the characteristics of column-integrated MSE budget are different between periods before and after the Australasian summer monsoon onset in early December. Both the net source term (the sum of surface turbulent fluxes and radiative heating) and the net advection term (the sum of horizontal and vertical advection of MSE) have small magnitudes before the onset. After the onset, the source term becomes large and positive, while the advection term becomes large and negative. On the intraseasonal scale, both the source and advection terms fluctuate as the MJO events come and go. The surface fluxes and radiative heating contribute to the mainte nance of the amplitude of column-integrated MSE anomaly and thus to the intensity of MJO. The vertical advection term, along with horizontal advection term, seems to con tribute to the phase progression and eastward propagation of MJO, mainly because of lower-tropospheric descent after the precipitation and MSE maxima, presumably associated with rain re-evaporation. This study also examines how the MSE budget would be different if key components of the budget were parameterized by two assumptions used in recent idealized models of MJO: (1) the column-integrated radiative heating anomaly is considered proportional to the column water vapor anomaly and (2) the normalized gross moist stability is considered constant. We find that the former tends to speed up the phase progression of MJO, while the latter tends to slow it down.