ballet, theater, Russian language studies and literature to try to win good will in non-Soviet audiences in order to soften them up for subsequent Soviet propaganda. While Hazan presents a brief political history of the development of each of the Soviet art forms and includes numerous quotations from Soviet sources that illustrate Moscow's expectations concerning "impregnational" propaganda techniques, he might have gone much farther in assessing the effectiveness of each of the techniques. While he concludes that the Soviet Union's success is greatest in the performing arts and in sports, and least successful in literature, cinema, theater, painting, and sculpture, the lack of a detailed analysis raises questions about the criteria he has used to measure the effectiveness of the techniques. He might also have discussed the impact on Soviet "impregnational" propaganda of the relatively large number of Soviet artists who have defected or emigrated to the West. Finally, while he considers sports one of the most successful means of Soviet "impregnational" propaganda, he has not compared the frequently heavy-handed Soviet efforts to win international competitions with the far more effective Chinese behavior during the ping-pong matches with the United States in the spring of 1971, which helped lay the groundwork for the Sino-American rapprochement.


Jules Verne's Vingt Mille Lieues sous les Mers is the earliest fiction translated from Japanese into Chinese.In late Qing Dynasty,translated by way of French-English-Japanese,the Chinese version is inevitably affected by the local reading habits and needs of the times.By comparing the Chinese and Japanese versions,from the trans-cultural and trans-linguistic aspects,the paper focused on the transplant of Jules Verne's science fictions in Meiji and late Qing Dynasty,and the influence of ideology on translation strategy.


Dichloroindium hydride generated by the transmetallation between tributyltin hydride and indium trichloride predominantly reduced α,β-unsaturated ketones (enones) with 1,4-selectively even in the presence of aldehydes. Under anhydrous conditions, the successive aldol reaction between the resulting enolates and the remaining aldehydes proceeded with high anti-selectivity. The stereochemistry was dramatically reversed to be syn-selective by the use of water and methanol as an additive and solvent, respectively.


In this article, we examine the ways two teachers of English use Portuguese and English in their foreign language classrooms. First, we identify how much English and Portuguese they use. Second, we identify the communicative functions of the two languages in their speech. Finally, we also look at the teachers' beliefs toward the use of Portuguese and English in the classroom. Findings indicate that the teacher of the public school used Portuguese as the medium of instruction whereas the teacher of the private school used both Portuguese and English. However, both share the idea that learning English is learning grammar which might have generated the high frequency of the metalinguistic utterances in their speech.


BACKGROUND
The poor outcome of rudimentary horn pregnancies is due to delayed diagnosis.

CASE
Pregnancy in a rudimentary uterine horn was detected by ultrasound prior to rupture. The rudimentary horn was resected without complications.

CONCLUSION
Ultrasonography is essential in the early diagnosis of pregnancy in a rudimentary horn.


There are four characteristics of the European countries with a high proportion of government debts: the high social security and welfare spending,the high proportion of expenditure on old-age security,the high replacement rate and the low redistribution function of pension system.And this is largely due to the rigidity of the old-age security reform.In view of this,China should coordinate the relationship between security and economic development from the perspective of a long economic cycle,and keep social security a little lagging behind economic development appropriately at present.Meanwhile,China should build up a multi-level structure of the pension payments,strengthen horizontal redistribution of pension system,and construct flexible adjustment mechanism on the key pension parameters.


This book presents a thorough analysis of international experience that offers insights into budgetary tax expenditures, their evaluation and the use of information for fiscal policy purposes. The author analyzes Russian practice in vested tax benefits and exempts, carries out their quantitative evaluation, drafts policy proposals regarding implementation of budgetary tax expenditure concept in Russia.


The paper presents numerical results for several optimal control problems. The results are derived using an algorithm based on strong variations in control (Mayne and Polak1, Virk2) and are, to the author's knowledge, the first such simulations. Delay as well as delay-free examples are considered.


Over the past few years the use of computer-supported games for learning purposes has reported many educational benefits in terms of students' motivation and engagement towards learning. However, the comprehensive integration of Game-Based Learning (GBL) environments in formal learning settings is still a challenge that shapes several interdisciplinary research problems in the domain of GBL. A main problem is that for games to be relevant in formal education they need to be aligned with the curriculum and adapted to teachers' requirements depending on their particular educational situations. An approach to face this problem is to formulate GBL technologies that enable teachers to design meaningful games for their scenarios. This thesis contributes to this approach in GBL.In particular, the thesis focuses on location-based learning games. These games are relevant to create contextualized learning activities in which physical objects and spaces are virtually augmented with interactive digital objects. The thesis' standpoint is that for teachers to be involved in the definition of location-based games, their constituting design elements need to be of feasible customization by teachers while, at the same time, enable rich learning activities. From the premise that the structural design of location-based learning games is often inspired by board games, the thesis proposes a puzzle board metaphor and a template based on the metaphor as techniques for the design of location-based learning games. The thesis also contributes with a model for the computational representation of the games and a set of implementation guidelines. The design and implementation techniques are applied and evaluated in a set of case studies at different scales involving a total of 36 teachers and 253 students.


This paper discusses some of the links between convergence and regulation in information and communications technologies. The main findings are as follows. First, when industries converge across time and they are subject to extreme regulatory asymmetries, a cross-industry regulatory transmission mechanism emerges. In particular, we found that the unregulated industry is adversely affected by the implementation of welfare-enhancing regulation in the neighbouring industry. Second, the presence of this transmission mechanism creates incentives for regulatory replication by the affected industry. Third, from a cross-industry point of view, the welfare implications of regulatory replication are ambiguous since they depend on the degree of vertical differentiation across platforms, the magnitude of regulatory intervention and, most importantly, of the timing when this replication occurs. We conclude that the implementation of the cross-industry optimal welfare path would require certain degree of regulatory flexibility (switching capacity to move from one regulatory regime to another) and some sort of cross-industry enforcement mechanism that would make the implementation of welfareenhancing cross-industry policies feasible. ∗ I am grateful to Nir Vulkan, Simon Cowan and an anonymous referee from El Trimestre Económico for helpful comments. All views and errors are my own. Technological Convergence and Regulation


This study aims to estimate the relative Total Factor Productivity (TFP) levels and its comparative progress during 1970-2004 among the OECDs and the selected East Asian Countries-36 countries in total. Utilising data from PWT 6.2 and WDI, the TFP level accounting is performed. It is found that the OECD's members generally still have a higher level of TFP. The tops five are Luxemburg, the USA, Ireland, Norway, and the UK respectively. Meanwhile, the bottoms five (from the bottom) are the Philippines, Indonesia, India, China, and Turkey.


1. The aims of the present study were to determine the characteristics of garlic extract‐induced relaxation in rat isolated pulmonary arteries, its susceptibility to changes in oxygen tension and its protective effect against hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction.


ABSTRACT Aim: The prognostic stratification of poor risk mRCC patients in the era of targeted therapy represents an unmet medical need. We analyzed, individually, each prognostic factor included in modified Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) and Heng criteria to investigate their prognostic relevance in poor risk mRCC patients and proposed a model to stratify poor risk patients into 3 separate subgroups. Methods: Data were collected from 20 Italian and 2 Spanish centers. Overall survival (OS) was estimated using Kaplan-Meier method. Hemoglobin, Performance Status, Thrombocytosis, Neutrophilia, Number of metastatic sites, Time from diagnosis to treatment, LDH and Hypercalcemia, according to modified MSKCC and Heng criteria, were included in the Cox analysis. Results: 239 (151 males; 205 clear cell) poor risk mRCC pts were enrolled according to, at least, three of MSKCC, or modified MSKCC or Heng criteria. 233 pts were treated with a first line therapy (56 pts with temsirolimus, 163 pts with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI), 14 pts with other agents); 101 pts with a second line (50 everolimus, 49 TKI, 2 other agents) and 31 pts with a third line ( 4 everolimus; 20 TKI, 7 other agents). Only Hemoglobin (13 vs 8 months; p = 0.005), Performance Status (14 vs 7 months; p = 0.002), and Time from diagnosis to treatment (22 vs. 8 months; p Conclusions: This is the first study that identifies three different prognostic subgroups among poor risk RCC patients. Kaplan Meier survival curves of each subgroup will be presented during the meeting. Disclosure: All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.


China is rich in plant resources,of which edible wild vegetables are considered as a kind of nutrient and healthy food.This paper gives a general review of the edible wild vegetable resources,their maintaining methods,processing techniques and utilization in China.Suggestions on how to protect and utilize rationally these resources are offered.


The aim of this paper is to express the importance of the moisture content of banana leaves to the evaluation of radio frequency (RF) absorbing performance. Radar absorbing material (RAM) is generally used in electromagnetic compatibility chambers to minimize reflections within the chamber. These materials also reduce the radar traces of air elements by minimizing RF radiation in stealth technology. Chemical substances that are used in fabricating RAM with pyramidal shape are neither cheap nor harmless to the environment. So, vegetable wastes such as bananas, coconut, and rice are studied to use as RAM. In this study, transmission line technique has been used to measure dielectric properties of the sample (banana leaves) in 8.2‐12.4 GHz. It was concluded that dried banana leaves are so sensitive to environmental moisture and the RAM produced from banana leaves gives different return loss values relative to the moisture content of the sample. The water content of the sample is reduced by 5.0% and 4.9%, respectively. In this case, there is nearly 16% and 12% reduction on relatively dielectric constant, about 54% and 33% reduction on dielectric loss, finally approximately 56% and 31% reduction on return loss.


The archaeological site of Huantinamarca is located in the district of San Miguel, in Lima (province and state), Peru. After almost 50 years of being an ornamental component in the Pacific International Fair, it became part of the real estate project Parques de la Huaca, promoted by San Jose S.A.C. Through such a project, there existed the goal of making the pre-Hispanic building come closer to the community. This was to be done raising, in its surroundings, modern and utilitarian spaces, such as buildings and a public park. The main objective of the intervention was to achieve the visual and affective integration of the monument into the daily life of the occupants of the Parques de la Huaca housing complex, after the research work, conservation, restoration and landscape treatment for its preservation had occurred. Currently, those who live in front of the huaca are unaware of its cultural value. The municipality does not have a land use planning program for the protection of the different huacas in its jurisdiction. Urban growth evidences an inadequate policy of local cultural management. This document proposes urban reconversion and the promotion of better citizen education as strategic components of cultural management for the preservation and revaluation of cultural and natural heritage, such as Huantinamarca in San Miguel.


Discrete Geometry for Computer Imagery.- Topological Digital Topology.- Fuzzy Spatial Relationships from Mathematical Morphology for Model-Based Pattern Recognition and Spatial Reasoning.- Shape Similarity and Visual Parts.- On the Morphological Processing of Objects with Varying Local Contrast.- Watershed Algorithms and Contrast Preservation.- Digital Flatness.- Shape Preserving Digitization of Ideal and Blurred Binary Images.- Towards Digital Cohomology.- New Results about Digital Intersections.- On Local Definitions of Length of Digital Curves.- Characterising 3D Objects by Shape and Topology.- Homotopic Transformations of Combinatorial Maps.- Combinatorial Topologies for Discrete Planes.- Convex Structuring Element Decomposition for Single Scan Binary Mathematical Morphology.- Designing the Lattice for Log-Polar Images.- On Colorations Induced by Discrete Rotations.- Binary Shape Normalization Using the Radon Transform.- 3D Shape Matching through Topological Structures.- Contour-Based Shape Representation for Image Compression and Analysis.- Systematized Calculation of Optimal Coefficients of 3-D Chamfer Norms.- Look-Up Tables for Medial Axis on Squared Euclidean Distance Transform.- Discrete Frontiers.- Towards an Invertible Euclidean Reconstruction of a Discrete Object.- Reconstruction of Discrete Surfaces from Shading Images by Propagation of Geometric Features.- Shape Representation and Indexing Based on Region Connection Calculus and Oriented Matroid Theory.- Incremental Algorithms Based on Discrete Green Theorem.- Using 2D Topological Map Information in a Markovian Image Segmentation.- Topology Preservation and Tricky Patterns in Gray-Tone Images.- Shortest Route on Height Map Using Gray-Level Distance Transforms.- On the Use of Shape Primitives for Reversible Surface Skeletonization.- d-Dimensional Reverse Euclidean Distance Transformation and Euclidean Medial Axis Extraction in Optimal Time.- Efficient Computation of 3D Skeletons by Extreme Vertex Encoding.- Surface Area Estimation of Digitized Planes Using Weighted Local Configurations.- Surface Area Estimation in Practice.- Perimeter and Area Estimations of Digitized Objects with Fuzzy Borders.- Geodesic Object Representation and Recognition.- A Fast Algorithm for Reconstructing hv-Convex 8-Connected but Not 4-Connected Discrete Sets.- Stability in Discrete Tomography: Linear Programming, Additivity and Convexity.- Removal and Contraction for n-Dimensional Generalized Maps.- The Generation of N Dimensional Shape Primitives.- Geometric Measures on Arbitrary Dimensional Digital Surfaces.- Nonlinear Optimization for Polygonalization.- A Representation for Abstract Simplicial Complexes: An Analysis and a Comparison.- A Computation of a Crystalline Flow Starting from Non-admissible Polygon Using Expanding Selfsimilar Solutions.- Morphological Image Reconstruction with Criterion from Labelled Markers.- Intertwined Digital Rays in Discrete Radon Projections Pooled over Adjacent Prime Sized Arrays.- Power Law Dependencies to Detect Regions of Interest.- Speed Up of Shape from Shading Using Graduated Non-convexity.- Tissue Reconstruction Based on Deformation of Dual Simplex Meshes.- Spherical Object Reconstruction Using Simplex Meshes from Sparse Data.- A System for Modelling in Three-Dimensional Discrete Space.- Interactively Visualizing 18-Connected Object Boundaries in Huge Data Volumes.


Discrete Laplace–Beltrami operators on polyhedral surfaces play an important role for various applications in geometry processing and related areas like physical simulation or computer graphics. While discretizations of the weak Laplace–Beltrami operator are well‐studied, less is known about the strong form. We present a principle for constructing strongly consistent discrete Laplace–Beltrami operators based on the cotan weights. The consistency order we obtain, improves previous results reported for the mesh Laplacian. Furthermore, we prove consistency of the discrete Willmore energies corresponding to the discrete Laplace–Beltrami operators.


The ability to delineate structural information in medical images is important for accurate diagnoses and will often depend on how the image is presented. Various methods of signal and image processing have been explored to improve this process across a wide range of medical imaging techniques. We present the application of chromatic analysis, a measurement technique developed for colorimetry applications, for signal processing of optical coherence tomography (OCT) images in human tissue. In particular, specific characteristics in the optical signal relating to various structural features are identified using chromatic filters and this information is used to process the OCT image. The technique was developed using mathematically simulated OCT signals and the applied to experimental OCT images of human tissue biopsy samples of the oesophagus. In the processed images, reflecting surfaces are highlighted and background noise is reduced to improve image interpretation.


Computer literacy and Internet usage have been increasing in Georgia for the past few years. This article looks at the profile of active Internet users based on the 2013 Caucasus Barometer. Specifically, we are inter - ested in describing the social-economic profile of internet users and exploring similarities and differences between the users and non-users in terms of political attitudes and religiosity. We illustrate that the Internet users are more likely to be young residents of the capital, often with higher education. We also show that Internet users are more engaged citizens than non-users: they have a high appreciation for democracy, are critical of the government and display tolerance toward other ethnic groups. At the same time, the Internet users appear to be more religious: they report higher religiosity and observe religious rituals more actively compared to non-users.


Student centered follow-up questions are a crucial tool in sustaining longer stretches of discourse, developing ideas and ensuring a high level of interaction in discussions. This study analyzed the effectiveness of two instructional techniques, one explicit and one implicit, in increasing the number of follow up questions in a discussion. The first technique relied on explicit attention to discourse patterns in discussions that raised awareness of the juncture at which follow-up questions can be asked by listeners. The second technique was an implicit fluency activity in which learners generated as a high frequency of topic-related questions under time pressure. Both treatments were compared with a control group that received no additional instruction at all. Results indicate that explicit instruction can significantly increase the number of questions asked when compared with no treatment at all. The implicit instruction showed no significant gains. INTRODUCTION Although our field lacks a unifying theory of language learning, most educators agree on a similar set of assumptions about the nature of language learning and teaching these can be summed-up in one word – Interaction. Spoken interaction can be differentiated as responsive, transactional or interpersonal (Brown, 2011), performances which have subtle differences but that share an underlying aspect, information is conveyed or exchanged through the initiation of questions. Long's (1983, 1991) interaction hypothesis supports the importance of questions, positing that language acquisition benefits from interaction, especially questioning (negotiating) meaning during interaction. This is an essential tool for language learners in itself, however the discourse is not extended or developed beyond establishing clearly the initial meaning of the utterance. Kinsella (1991) views successful interactive classrooms as comprising of sustained interaction initiated through a repertoire of teacher-led questions. Certainly the kinds of questions that teachers pose to learners have a direct impact on the kinds of speech that is produced, however the interaction remains teacher-centered, without any student-generated questions. This paper is concerned with increasing student-led questions during discussion, that is, students interacting with each other and sustaining spoken performance through use of follow-up questions in a discussion. "Discussion" here will be defined as being "balanced and interactive, and constructed by all participants". A discussion that is "constructed by all participants" demands that the discussion is sustained. And as illustrated above, key to sustained discussion are follow-up questions, which are defined here as "questions asked by a listener to invite a speaker to continue talking". To date, much of the literature has focused on the developmental phases of acquiring question forms in L2 learners, with a focus on linguistic accuracy (Lightbrown and Spada, 1993, 1999; Dyson, 2008). Nothing in the field has examined instructional techniques that increase the number of student-led questions in order to sustain interaction. Furthermore, while accuracy and complexity are important in successful language acquisition, spoken fluency, an oft neglected domain of SLA, suggests a study that seeks to investigate methods for increasing the frequency of student-led follow-up questions is an area worthy of investigation. SECTION FOUR: Action Research Part 2-Discussion skills 4-27 Two instructional techniques were used in attempts to increase the frequency of followup questions, one explicit and one implicit. Much research has been conducted on explicit versus implicit instruction. In a meta-analysis, Norris and Ortega (2000) found a clear advantage for explicit treatments that focus on form, however the meta-analysis focused on acquiring linguistic forms rather than increasing the number of student-led follow-up questions. In the EDC program, there is little, if any, focus on grammatical linguistic forms. Rather, form-focused instruction here is characterized as relating to organizational aspects of discourse and how a discussion is organized around discourse markers. Therefore, explicit instruction can be realized under the theoretical assumption that if learners develop an awareness of discourse structure, they will be better assisted in acquiring declarative knowledge of how and when to ask questions, much in the same way that DeKeyser (2003) describes learners developing a metalinguistic awareness of linguistic rules when receiving explicit form-focused instruction, thereby assisting in acquisition. Implicit instruction has no overt reference to discourse markers or when a follow-up question should be asked. It can best be defined as instruction that gives learners access to and practice with the target form (asking follow-up questions). The theoretical assumption is that pushed output of asking questions will push the learners to process the output more deeply and make later retrieval and use of the questions easier and quicker ( Anderson & Lebriere, 1998, Anderson, 1993). In analyzing the quantitative outcomes of two instructional techniques developed to increase the frequency of student led follow-up questions, this study will seek to answer the following research questions: 1. To what extent does prior explicit instruction that requires learners to ask a follow-up question at a specific juncture in discourse increase the number of follow up questions asked in a preceding discussion? 2. To what extent does prior implicit fluency practice that requires learners to ask as many questions as possible in a set time limit increase the number of follow up questions asked in a preceding discussion? 3. To what extent do the above treatments influence the number of questions asked in a pretest/ post-test comparison? METHOD The participants were comprised of 47 university students from 6 different classes, 27 female and 20 male. Two different levels were chosen, three A level and three "B" level, in order to analyze any differences between levels. Of the classes, five received instructional treatments and the sixth control group received no treatments. The data was collected from weeks 5 to 9 in the second semester. Week 5 and week 9 were two of the semester's three discussion tests, and data from these was used as a pre-test and post-test analysis. The organization of the classes and treatments is illustrated below with the Graphic Organizer (GO), Sentence Stem (SS) and No Treatment (NT) scattered in order among the weeks to ensure there was a counterbalance: SECTION FOUR: Action Research Part 2-Discussion skills 4-28 Week Sat B1 Sat B2 Thurs B3 Mon A1 Mon A2 Mon A3 5 Pre-test Pre-test Pre-test Pre-test Pre-test Pre-test 6 GO GO NT NT SS Control 7 NT NT GO SS GO Control 8 SS SS SS GO NT Control 9 Post-Test Post-Test Post-Test Post-Test Post-Test Post-Test Table 1 Organization of treatments Experience had shown that a low number of follow-up questions were the result of learners not knowing when to ask follow-up questions. In order to explicitly identify when listeners should ask speakers questions, the following "Graphic Organizer" was developed, utilizing the framework of discourse markers that were being taught each week:


We present an architecture of RFID Reader Network which based on central control node.The central control node make the Readers in the Reader Network work correctly,and it also collect the Tag information in the Reader Network and export it to application system.Base on this architecture we present the algorithm to solve Reader Collision Problem.Finally,we use Chipcon's RF chi PCC1010 to realize this Reader Network.


182 Background: Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) has become a substantial problem because of specific cytotoxic agents such as nab-paclitaxel, oxaliplatin, and eribulin. In addressing CIPN-related side effects caused by nab-PTX, we previously reported better CTCAE v4.0 grades and superior nab-PTX dose maintenance in breast cancer treatment adopting our 3S approach. Our 3S approach combines compression therapy (stockings and sleeves applied 24 hours from the beginning of nab-PTX administration) with medication therapy (selected prophylactic medications goshajinkigan, lafutidine, and mecobalamin applied over the course of treatment). In revisiting how stocking use restored skin perfusion levels decreased by nab-PTX chemotherapy, we examined whether the skin perfusion increases differ by CIPN grade.

METHODS
Using a laser Doppler blood flow meter with integrated probe (NL-101 Nahri Nexis Japan), we measured the skin perfusion of the lower limbs before and after stocking use across four groups: three groups of 3S prophylactics-treated nab-PTX patients divided by CIPN grade (Grade 0 [G0, n=12], Grade 1 [G1, n=20], Grades 2 and 3 combined [G2+3, n=12]), and one control group of healthy volunteers (GH, n=50).

RESULTS
In the control group (GH), the mean increase in skin perfusion level (mL/min/100g) after wearing stockings was 0.90 (SD= 3.36). For the 3S prophylactic treatment patients, the mean increase was 4.25 (4.98) in the G0 group, 2.11 (4.93) in the G1 group, and 2.69 (2.53) in the G2+3 group. ANOVA analysis indicated a significant difference in skin perfusion increase among the groups (p=0.0493). Analysis between the groups indicated significance in the G0 group increase over the control group increase (p=0.0255).

CONCLUSIONS
CIPN was previously shown to decrease skin perfusion; in the current study skin perfusion responsiveness to stockings differed significantly between chemotherapy patients and healthy volunteers. Restorative skin perfusion increase is potentially related with alleviating CIPN grade, for which further evaluation is needed.


Mucuna pruriens , belonging to the botanical family Fabaceae , has been used in traditional Ayurvedic Indian medicine for various ailments including Parkinson's disease. The current study reports the outcome of acute oral toxicity investigation of ethanolic extract of M. pruriens (whole plant) on S wiss albino mice. No mortalities or evidence of adverse effects have been observed in S wiss albino mice following acute oral administration of ethanolic extract of M. pruriens at the dose of 2 0 00 mg/ kg . This is the first report on the acute oral toxicity of M. pruriens and thus the findings of this study provide scientific validation on the use of the M. pruriens as a medicine for treating various ailments .


During chronic exposure to cold, brown adipose tissue (BAT), which is a principal energy source of nonshivering thermogenesis, is extremely enlarged and enhances the thermogenic function. Conversely, the atrophy of BAT occurs whenever a heat load is imposed on the body (2,5,6). In addition, animals BAT with streptozotocin-induced diabetes is generally in a relatively atrophied and thermogenically quiescent state (3). On the other hand, animals kept at a higher temperature have a lower incidence of diabetes than those kept at a lower temperature (9). In an earlier study we reported that, with temperature-exposed rats (heat-acclimatized, cold-acclimatized, and warm-acclimatized rats), an apparent effect of insulin treatment is noted only in heat-exposed rats, demonstrated by a remarkable gain in interscapular BAT mass of heatacclimatized, and insulin-treated rats in terms of weight or weight per unit body weight, accompanied by significantly higher levels of protein, DNA, RNA, and triglyceride, suggesting hypertrophy and hyperplasia (7). The BAT of heat-acclimatized, insulin-treated rats nevertheless appeared to remain in a thermogenically quiescent state, as did that of heat-acclimatized, saline-treated rats (7). The BAT hypertrophy/hyperplasia observed among cold-acclimatized rats involved an increase in lysosomal enzyme activity (6). Lysosomal hydrolases surrounded by the lysosomal membrane break down proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids, and thus make them available for specific recycling within the cell. The current study was thus undertaken to investigate whether the growth of BAT in heatacclimatized, insulin-treated rats also involves an increase in the lysosomal enzyme system.


Volatile compounds were isolated in tzitzilché flower (Gymnopodium floribundum Rolfe) by headspace solid-phase microextraction and analyzed by capillary gas chromatography–flame ionization detection (GC–FID) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Fifty-six compounds were identified, the major constituents being (E)--ocimene (21.4%), 2-ethyl-1-hexanol (14.6%) and linalool (10.1%).


The article analyzes the situation with charity in Russia in the XX early XXI centuries, States that the company understands the necessity of creation of charity events, organizations ready to help ill children and adults. Author of historical examples showed how were the charitable organizations and as they ministered to the poor and sick people.


In this paper, we present a novel 3D face modeling approach from a monocular video captured using a conventional camera. The proposed algorithm relies on matching a generic 3D face model to the outer contours of the face to be modeled and a few of its internal features. At the first stage of the method, we estimate the head pose by comparing the edges extracted from video frames, with the contours extracted from a generic face model. Next, the generic face model is adapted to the actual 3D face by global and local deformations. An affine model is used for global deformation. The 3D model is locally deformed by computing the optimal perturbations of a sparse set of control points using a stochastic search optimization method. The deformations are integrated over a set of poses in the video sequence, leading to an accurate 3D model.


The study identified sources of stress among students of Obafemi Awolowo University (OAU), Ile-Ife and assessed forms of support students" religious groups provided to the students in assisting students in stress management. Primary data were used for the study. Qualitative method which made use of in-depth interview guide was employed to collect data from 30 Students" Religious Groups Leaders. The data were collected from undergraduates of Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, and selected through stratified and purposive sampling techniques. The study concluded that students" religious groups played vital roles which complemented the statutory functions of stress reduction and management by the university.


Abstract: The aim of this chapter is to introduce the reader to the range of thermosetting polymers (thermosets) that are currently used within the modern aerospace industry. Civil airliners, military aircraft (including unmanned drones), smaller executive and light aircraft all employ thermosets of one kind or another and, being subject to different performance demands or budgets, consequently have different materials selection criteria; each will be addressed here. The chapter examines the key requirements of materials used from the perspective of the resin, the reinforcement (in the form of prepreg or woven mat) and ultimately the composite. Finally, the authors give a view of the future development in this most dynamic area of polymer engineering.


Task-oriented organization has a simplex task,and when the task comes into action,it will constitute an integrated goal system.This system is made up of social goals,organizational goals and individual goals.Social goals form the nucleus of other goals,and they are the basis of task-oriented organization.Organizational goals give prominence to achieve organizational task's,while routine organizations focus on its existence.And individual goals emphasize members' value of self-achievement.Task-oriented organization can eliminate contradictions and conflicts between social goals,organizational goals and individual goals,and integrate them organically.


Background Chemotherapeutic drugs cause severe toxicities if administered unprotected, without proper targeting, and controlled release. In this study, we developed topotecan- (TPT-) loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) for their chemotherapeutic effect against colorectal cancer. The TPT-SLNs were further incorporated into a thermoresponsive hydrogel system (TRHS) (TPT-SLNs-TRHS) to ensure control release and reduce toxicity of the drug. Microemulsion technique and cold method were, respectively, used to develop TPT-SLNs and TPT-SLNs-TRHS. Particle size, polydispersive index (PDI), and incorporation efficiency (IE) of the TPT-SLNs were determined. Similarly, gelation time, gel strength, and bioadhesive force studies of the TPT-SLNs-TRHS were performed. Additionally, in vitro release and pharmacokinetic and antitumour evaluations of the formulation were done. Results TPT-SLNs have uniformly distributed particles with mean size in nanorange (174 nm) and IE of ~90%. TPT-SLNs-TRHS demonstrated suitable gelation properties upon administration into the rat's rectum. Moreover, drug release was exhibited in a control manner over an extended period of time for the incorporated TPT. Pharmacokinetic studies showed enhanced bioavailability of the TPT with improved plasma concentration and AUC. Further, it showed significantly enhanced antitumour effect in tumour-bearing mice as compared to the test formulations. Conclusion It can be concluded that SLNs incorporated in TRHS could be a potential source of the antitumour drug delivery with better control of the drug release and no toxicity.


preneurs acted as they did and how the new fiscal socialism paradigm they developed was able to flower in such unfertile soil. Firms shared information with competitors in ways unimaginable in other planning cultures because opportunities were so abundant that they felt little need to conceal information from their rivals. Firms composed of young entrepreneurs without preexisting political connections were more successful than firms that spun off from government agencies composed of partners with long-standing political connections because they were more adept at adapting quickly and continually built new political connections and social networks. Entrepreneurs risked embarking on projects despite the harsh regulatory regime because they had learned from social interactions that very high profits, such as 20–40% or more per year, were possible despite uncertainty, frustrations, and delay. The empirical evidence Kim gathered is thorough and original. There are no comparable studies of private real estate development in Vietnam. In contrast to economic transition studies filled with preconceptions and ideological bias, this book is refreshingly free of bias. She invested the time necessary to see the world as the people she was studying saw it. The result is a subtle and original book. Learning to Be Capitalists makes a nice addition to the emerging academic literature on comparative planning cultures. For practicing American planners, social cognition theory is particularly valuable as America develops new laws and regulatory institutions for banking, mortgage lending, and financial markets in the wake of the global economic crisis and as planners respond to new institutions concerned with global climate change, fuel efficiency, sustainability, and other issues. If Kim is right, it is not the institutions but the socially constructed acceptance and use of the institutions that will determine economic recovery and the way in which planning and development occur in the future.


Herein, a cation responsive linear supramolecular polymer was constructed in an orthogonal fashion by unifying the themes of coordination-driven self-assembly and cryptand-based host-guest interaction.


Optimal soil nitrogen management is vital to crop production and environment protection. Little knowledge is available on crop yield, nitrogen uptake, use efficiency and balance in paddy rice-upland wheat cropping system of China. A thirty-five-year long-term field experiment was designed with nine treatments, including an unfertilized treatment (control), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) fertilizer, manure (M), and manure combined with mineral fertilizer treatments. Crop yield, N uptake, use efficiency, and N surplus or deficit amount were determined. The results indicated that rice, wheat yield and N uptake amount in the manure combined with mineral fertilizer treatments were higher than that in the manure alone or mineral fertilizer alone treatments. N use efficiency was the highest in the treatment with manure alone. Soil N input indicated a surplus in the mineral fertilizer in combination with manure treatment, but soil N input indicated a deficit in the control, NPK and M treatments. Considering crop yields, N use efficiency and N balance, recommended N application amount is almost 220 kg N/ha/year in the paddy rice-upland wheat cropping system. Taking into account labour and fertilizer sources, half mineral N and half organic N applications were recommended.


HELYPRFSSIN (PLV-2) is a recently synP thesizedl structural analog of 8-lysine vasopressin, one of the posthypophysial polypeptide hormones of the pig and hippopotamus. This latter differs from the antidiuretic hormone found in the posterior pituitary of humans, oxen, sheep, dogs, rabbits, and rats only by substitution of the amino acid, lysine, for arginine in position 8 of the peptide. PLV-2 differs from both of these hormones by the presence in position 2 of a phenylalanine residue in place of tyrosine.


Physical environmental factors of housing are affected to emotional feeling of human being who is living in the housing. The effect of some physical environmental factors of the housing on comfortableness (emotion) against the housing itself should be precisely investigated because physical factors such as sunshine, colour of interior, temperature, sound and so on would be set in comfortable degree. In the present study, physical and sensory environmental factors against the actual housing and comfortableness factors of the housing were collected by questionnaire sheet with Visual Analog Scale method and the correlation between those factors was analyzed. Three comfortableness factors such as "Kaitekisei", "Okiniiri" and "Kenkoteki" was divided into three groups such as Comfortable("Manzoku"), Unconfortable("Fumanzoku") and Medium. When the combination analysis of physical and sensory environmental factors affecting to these three factors was performed by means of Fuzzy Neural Network, more than 90% of accuracy was obtained. The values were fairly high compared with conventional statistical analysis, such as CART and LDA. From the acquired rule, it was found that intimate feeling "Kutsurogu" as emotional environment and lighting or color of housing as housing physical environment were affected to "Kaitekisei" and "Okiniiri" and those comfortableness factors could be elucidated by the housing environment.


This article presents advanced high mobility locomotion systems (LS), which were developed by RCL in the last 20 years in the framework of international projects with multinational participation of EU countries, Russia and other countries of the world. About 50 successful projects were made during these years. RCL has developed, manufactured and tested a number of the advanced Locomotion Systems of the following types: spherical, rowing, hopping, wheeled, walking, tracking, wheeled-walking. They were jointly developed for and with Universities, Robotic Centres and labs in Australia, UK, Germany, Finland, France, China and Leading Space Agencies from EC (including ESA/ESTEC, DLR, CNES). In this article we will present only LS for robots and rovers which are well known in the world, such as: Jarvis rover, HUT Rowing Robot, Polar Rover, walking-wheeled WoPa robot with two-arm manipulators and 32 DOF, Tracking RoSA-2, DLR Hoppers for asteroids, Robots for Nuclear Stations, CRFG iPartner Robot and LS mock-ups with 18 motor drives for ESA/ESTEC (ExoMader, ExoTER and MaRTA), which were developed jointly with ESA Planetary Automation Laboratory and delivered from RCL, St. Petersburg to ESA, Nordwjik during last 10 years. In more details Russian and Chinese authors present the results of the current multi-country Robotic project iPartner, which was carried out by CRFG Consortium as cooperation of 4 international research Robotic teams from UVC/China, RCL/Russia, GIM/Finland and LOC/Germany. The project started in 2014, it will be done in 7 steps and will be finished in 2017.


Preclinical and clinical models have demonstrated that cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) is overexpressed in primary and metastatic colorectal tumors. In preclinical models, there appears to be additive or synergistic effects when combining 5‐Fluorouracil (5‐FU) with nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory agents (NSAIDs) for the treatment of colorectal neoplasms. This data raised the question as to whether adding a COX‐2 inhibitor to 5‐FU‐based regimens would increase the response rates with an acceptable toxicity profile in patients with metastatic colon cancer. In the current study, patients with metastatic colorectal cancer, who were either untreated or previously treated (more than 1 year ago) with adjuvant 5‐FU and Leucovorin (LV) received 5‐FU and LV (Mayo regimen) in addition to Rofecoxib. Tumor samples from all patients exhibited evidence of moderate COX‐2 over‐expression. 4 patients entered on the study developed upper gastrointestinal bleeding (grade III). Other toxicities included grade II stomatitis (3 patients), grade II thrombocytopenia (1 patient), grade II diarrhea (2 patients) and grade I nausea (1 patient). There were no partial or complete responses in the first 10 patients entered on the study so the study was terminated (probability of success < 0.3 with type 1 error of 0.05 and power of 0.8). Thus, Rofecoxib did not appear to increase antitumor activity and resulted in increased gastrointestinal toxicity when combined with 5‐FU/LV. Future studies will need to consider the added gastrointestinal toxicity of Rofecoxib when combined with chemotherapy for the treatment of patients with colorectal cancer. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


It is known that the existence of a Lyapunov-type density function, called Lyapunov densities or Lyapunov measures, implies the convergence of Lebesgue almost all solutions to an equilibrium. Considering the evolution of densities using Perron-Frobenius operator, the Lyapunov density approach can be formulated clearly. In this paper, we consider discrete-time dynamical systems and prove a a Lyapunov density theorem with less assumption than the ones that exist in the current literature.


The share of imported LPG in the total energy consumption in Japan has been increasingly encouraged by the future possibilities of larger volume consumption-as in the case of LNG-for power generation and other industrial uses. LPG is a liquefied gas similar to LNG in many aspects but differing markedly in composition, which consists of C3 and C4 fractions, and in cost factors. Since the operating temperature of LPG under atmospheric pressure is not lower than -40°C as opposed to about -160°C for LNG, operating and material costs, in turn the construction costs, particularly, of tanks and tankers, will be substantially less. This paper introduces a practical cost estimation method together with an example of conceptual planning of an LPG project based on experimental data and experience.


The neutral–neutral and ion–neutral reactions of Mu, Mu+, HMu, and HMu+ with H, H2, H+2, and H+3 are considered. Vibrational zero‐point energy effects make the Mu–H exchange reactions endothermic and suggest that little molecule formation occurs in room temperature Mu–H2 mixtures.


When methane gas is heated in an incident shock wave, its absorption of the 1470‐A xenon resonance radiation increases to a higher equilibrium value at a rate which is associated with the rate of vibrational relaxation. Some values of the absorption coefficient k from I/I0= exp(—kx) at thermal equilibrium taken from a smoothed curve are: 1.2 cm−1 at 650°K, 10 at 1000, 47 at 1500, and 95 at 2000. In the temperature range from 740° to 1600°K, the vibrational relaxation time of a 1:9 methane—argon mixture was observed to be exp(−5.8+55 T−⅓) μsec·atm, and it was exp(−5.4+45 T−⅓) μsec·atm for a 1:1 methane—argon mixture. From these results, a relaxation time of exp(−5.4+40 T−⅓) μsec·atm was calculated for pure methane, which agrees with room‐temperature ultrasonic data, and a relaxation time of exp(−6.2+61 T−⅓) μsec·atm was calculated for a trace of methane in argon. A comparison is made with data for the relaxation time of oxygen containing small amounts of methane.


The circulatory effects of glucagon were studied in hemorrhagic and endotoxic shock. Glucagon administration had several significant effects—increase in cardiac output, decrease in arterial pressure, decrease in peripheral resistance, increase in heart rate, increase in stroke volume following hemorrhage but not after endotoxin administration, and a tendency to increase central venous pressure. From this study, it appears that glucagon is a beneficial agent in improving the cardiovascular status of experimental animals subjected to hemorrhagic and endotoxic shock.


Women do as much work as men, if not more, but, the types of work they do as well as the circumstances under which they work and their access to opportunities for advancement vividly differ from men's. Occupational segregation and gender wage gaps have also continued to persist in many regions across the globe throughout time and, therefore, it is realised that a due recognition to these work of 'unpaid' nature is now quintessential. This paper tries to look into certain aspects of the world of unpaid work in global spectrum.


Layered sensing is a relatively new construct in the repertoire of the US Air Force. Under the layered sensing paradigm, an area is surveyed by a multitude of sensors at varying altitudes, and operating across many modalities. One of the recent pushes is to incorporate multi-sensor systems and create from them a single image. However, if the sensor parameters are not properly adjusted, the contrast amongst the images from camera to camera will vary greatly. This can create issues when performing tracking and analysis work. The contribution of this paper is to explore and provide an evaluation of various techniques for histogram equalization of Electro-Optical (EO) video sequences whose views are centered on a city. In this paper, the performance of several methods on histogram equalization are evaluated under the layered sensing construction.


This article presents a new cryptosystem using the newly defined Viete'a-Lucas polynomials over Zp . In the conducted analysis the correctness and safety of the cryptosystem was shown. The analysis also shows, that it is partially homomorphic. Furthermore a fast methods for calculation the value of the Viete-Lucas polynomials were described.


In order to solve the speed of AC servo system can not be controllable, using sliding mode control ideas,this paper designed a new velocity integration controller as outer loop controller,servo system.Speed curve through the planning,realized the ideal speed control and precise positioning.On this basis,the load compensation by fuzzy control system changed and the impact of external disturbances,while control signal soften sliding mode control system reduced the inherent chattering.Simulation results show the correctness of the designed controller and the control strategy is effective.


This is a study of S. Kripke's notion of fulfilment. Motivated by Paris-Harrington statement, Kripke was looking for a proof of Godel's Incompleteness Theorem which was model-theoretic, natural (without self-reference), and easy. Fulfilment gives a versatile tool for both Proof and Model Theory.
We begin with short proofs to a number of classical results. With two new results: there is an easily definable subring $R$ of the primitive recursive functions such that for any non-principal ultrafilter $D$ on $\omega$, $R/D$ is a recursively saturated model of Peano arithmetic; and for any r.e. theory $\textsf{T}$ and for any given r.e. set, we can feasibly find a $\Sigma_1^0$ formula which semi-represents it in $\textsf{T}$.
We then give a version of Herbrand's Theorem, and of the Hilbert-Ackermann method of proving consistency, answering a problem of D. Guaspari:\[\{\ulcorner\phi\urcorner\in\Pi^0_k:\phi\text{ is }\Sigma^0_k\text{-conservative over $\textsf{PA}$}\}\]is a complete $\Pi^0_2$ set.
We extend H. Friedman's method for results of such as $\Sigma^1_2\textsf{-AC}$ is $\Pi^1_3$-conservative over $(\Pi^1_1\textsf{-CA})_{<\varepsilon_0}\upharpoonright$, along with uniform versions\[\forall\alpha<\varepsilon_0\;(\Pi^1_1\textsf{-CA})_{\alpha}\upharpoonright\,\vdash\textsf{RFN}_{\Pi^1_3}({\Sigma^1_2}\textsf{-AC})\] Then there are some model-theoretic applications, starting with non-$\omega$-models. We extend the theorem of D. Scott involving Weak Konig's Lemma, and describe the order types of elementary initial segments of recursively saturated models. For $\omega$-models, we extend Friedman's theorem on minimal models of analysis, and develop indicators for countable fragments of $\mathcal L_{\infty\omega}$, with some representability results in $\omega$-logic.
We close with an exposition of the Paris-Harrington statement.


In process of learning Chinese as a second language (CSL), Japanese natives have difficulties in tone perception. Among the four Chinese lexical tones, the tone pairs Tone 1-Tone 2 and Tone 1-Tone 4 are problematic for Japanese CSL beginners. In order to help them develop efficiently discriminating capability of the tone pairs, we designed a hybrid perceptual training scheme which combined adaptive training and high variability phonetic training. In the experiment, 16 Japanese, divided into 2 groups (8 for control group and 8 for trained group), participated in an 8-day experiment, with one hour per day. Finally, trained group and control group achieved relative progress rate of 76% and 33%, respectively. (p-value =0.034<0.05). The results demonstrate that the proposal of hybrid perceptual training significantly helped the Japanese participants improve the ability to discriminate the tone pairs.


Introduction: Delay in active management reduces the prognosis for simple low back pain. The aim of this project was to develop a tool for use in GP surgeries to assist the doctor in his/her diagnosis of lower back pain and allow prompt management with confidence. Methods: Three different systems for the automated diagnosis of low back pain were developed. With each, the patient answered a series of questions presented by the system. Three different strategies were employed, one using variable weighting, one a logic tree and one an inference engine. For the purpose of testing the systems against each other, a database was constructed containing the answers to all possible questions from each system for one hundred patients attending a low back pain clinic. The "true" diagnosis was that made by the treating clinician who saw the patients. The original data contained a number of diagnoses: Spinal Stenosis (central or lateral) Prolapsed Intervertebral Disc Other Nerve Root Compression (NRC) Mechanical Back Pain (MBP) with NRC Pure MBP For the purpose of the comparison two groups were considered – patients with radicular symptoms (groups 1 to 4) and patients with pure MBP. Conclusions: The different approaches to development showed that a number of factors play a crucial role for the accuracy of the systems, including the number of rules used to try to cover every possibility, the interpretation of the questions by the patients and the weighting and approach taken for the different Certainty Factors. The use of any of these three approaches did not allow the development of a system accurate enough for clinical use and it seems that successful development of such a system might require a wholly different approach.


Diversifying AEM at the Source In this Commentary, Torres (e01514-22) argues that generic plans typically used for academic recruitment fall short to promote diversity, equity, and inclusion. Programs tailored to colleagues from historically excluded groups are needed to fulfill their specific needs and provide the support network necessary for success. (Image credit: Annual Biomedical Research Conference for Minoritized Scientists [ABRCMS].)


Federal Express Corporation, the world's largest express transportation company, is headquartered in memphis. Thus, The Memphis Airport has maintained its NO.1 ranking in the world for total air cargo handled since 1992. Baiyun Port will embark upon a new growth of total cargo due to the operating of FedEx Asian Pacific Hub in 2008, forecasting the statistics and trend of its total cargo is the point of this paper.


The increase in the number of mobile subscribers, coupled with the increase in mobile services is enough reason to monitor the QoS of mobile network operators frequently. This work looks into the QoS of network operators in Calabar, Nigeria, taking into consideration some KPIs ((CSSR, DCR, CST, HOSR, and network quality and network coverage). Analysis of data obtained after a benchmarking drive test shows that Globacom network was within NCC performance threshold for all network KPIs monitored. Also, MTN network performed poorly in HOSR but met the minimum benchmark in other network KPIs. Airtel network failed in the required DCR benchmark but was within the minimum benchmark for other KPIs while 9mobile failed in CSSR and DCR performance threshold but met the performance threshold for other KPIs. This result will be useful to the regulatory body, NCC, those in academic, RF engineers, network subscribers and especially, the network operators which we expect, will optimize their networks immediately.


This  paper  provides  a  thematic  discourse  on  the  impact  of  migration  on  women  and children. The study aims to contribute to deepening the understanding of migration as a gendered phenomenon and its impact on women and children and human rights in general. Women  comprise  slightly  less  than  half  of  the  international  migrant  population.  While women and men decide to migrate for similar reasons, gender-specific social and cultural norms also play decisive roles in the migration process and therefore, affect the experience of  migrant  women  and  children.  Furthermore,  the  paper  juxtaposes  that  a  greater understanding of migration as a gendered phenomenon can enable States to better protect migrant women and children from gender based discrimination, abuse and violations at all stages  of  migration,  and  fulfill  their  human  rights.  Thestudy  focuses  on  the  impact  of migration  on  women  and  children,  especially  girls,  given  that  they  are  uniquely  and disproportionately affected by gender-based discrimination, abuse and violence. The paper concludes  by  submitting  that  migrant  women,  who  comprise  half  of  the  total  migrant population  in  the  world,  provide  important  social  and  economic  contributions  to  their countries  of  origin  and  destination.  For  many  women  and  children,  migration  provides opportunities for their economic and social development. Indeed, migration experiences can contribute to the empowerment of women and children by increasing their self-confidence, autonomy and control over their lives. Finally, the paper notes, their exposure to different gender  norms  may  contribute  to  the  achievement  of  gender  equality  in  their  societies  of origin


A NEW INTRAVENOUS FAT EMULSION has satisfactorily passed extensive animal testing, and preliminary clinical testing has been initiated. This emulsion, designated the SR emulsion, has been administered to dogs in massive doses over extended periods with minimum toxicity. Animal studies were conducted at a dosage level 4 to 6 times that recommended clinically, because earlier work showed that any toxic effects could be brought out more rapidly with this massive dosage.1 Materials and Methods Mongrel dogs were infused through an indwelling polyethylene cannula in the external jugular vein.1The animals received 30 infusions at the rate of 5 a week. The dogs were allowed food and water throughout the experimental period. Some of the dogs were killed and autopsy was performed immediately after the 30th infusion. Others were kept for long-term observations. Autopsy was performed on all dogs that died during the infusion period. Tissue specimens were sent


Abstract A plane, gravity-driven, steady flow of an isothermal ice sheet over a horizontal bedrock, with no-slip basal conditions, is considered. The ice is modelled as a linearly viscous, incompressible and anisotropic fluid, with evolving orthotropic fabric that depends on local strain rates and deformations. For a fixed, free-surface elevation, the ice-accumulation rates necessary to maintain the prescribed geometry are calculated by using the finite-element method, together with the velocities and stresses. Numerical simulations have been carried out for different combinations of enhancement factors for compression and shear in order to investigate their effect on the rate of flow. The results obtained have shown that, apart from the near-divide region, the global flow rate is nearly proportional to the magnitude of the shear-enhancement factor and is very little sensitive to the value of the compression enhancement factor. Normalized velocity-depth profiles have been compared for the anisotropic and isotropic ice and it has been found that significant differences occur only in a region near the ice divide. Direct shear stresses are little affected by the ice anisotropy, but the longitudinal deviatoric stresses in a part of the ice sheet are significantly increased compared to the isotropic ice flow.


In this paper we present a novel approach to FEL simulations based on the decomposition of the electromagnetic field in a finite number of radiation modes. The evolution of each mode amplitude is simply determined by energy conservation. The code is developed as an expansion of the General Particle Tracer framework and adds important capabilities to the suite of well-established numerical simulations already available to the FEL community. The approach is not based on the period average approximation and can handle long-wavelength waveguide FELs as it is possible to include the dispersion effects of the boundaries. Futhermore, it correctly simulates lower charge systems where both transverse and longitudinal space charge forces still play a significant role in the dynamics. For free-space FEL interactions, a source dependent expansion approximation can be used to limit the number of transverse modes required to model the field profile and speed up the calculation of the system evolution. Three examples are studied in detail including a single pass FEL amplifier, the high efficiency TESSA266 scenario and a THz waveguide FEL operating in the zero-slippage regime.


Two new Schiff bases HL1: (E)-N/-(1-(2-hydroxyphenylethylidene)benzohydrazide and HL2: (E)-N/-((2- hydroxynaphthalen-3-yl) methylene)benzohydrazide and their complexes with Fe(III) and Mo(VI) ions have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR and UV-Vis spectroscopy, 1H NMR and 13C NMR. The analysis for the obtained products are consistent very well with the corresponding formula and the complexes were found to have the general formula [Fe (L1)2Cl], [MoO2 (L2CH3OH]Cl and [MoO2 (L1CH3OH]Cl. The data obtained show that Schiff bases were interacted with Fe (III) and Mo (VI) io


Vonter' , views on form aod redac:tioa criticiam Ibould be gleucd lDIiaIy &om his 00""",,",' witbiD abo ooaIeD of his exteasiYe BOIPCl fti:IieIJ'Cb. Hi. irwiWnre OD methodological .......... is his _ obicIiq bequeot to biblical renuc::h. At lite ... time dIit led him 10 evaluate these metbods ill __ of .. eilber-or .... : oidler die diacbroaic or abe I)'DChroaic iiippIOICb; eitber evolutiOD or creativity. etcetera. Vontcr COIIIi ..... y dM.o for the blICr .,aiDll tbe former. It is arped tbI& it WouJd be more oorrect to thiak iD 00DIP1emaatMy .... lad to 1118 diffcronl ....,....,.... 10 ...ncb ..,. _. provided thai .... y ... toborIy distiapisbod ad oppIied conoctJy. I INTRODUCTORY REMARKS WiUem Vorster 's work on form and redaction criticism should be understood within the context of his gospel research, more specifically his study on tbe gospel genre and tbe Gospel of Mark. He ccrtajnly was 00 stranger to these two sub-disciplines of the bistorico-critical approach. He contributed an article on botb of them to Klijn's Infeiding tot de studie van het Nieuwe Testament (Vorster 1982). Also one of his doctoral students applied redaction criticism extensively in his study of the Markan miracle narrati~ (Engelbrecht 1983). But , as his impressive array of articles makes clear. his own scientific sympathies and interests lay elsewhere . That does DOt imply, however, that he did not reflect on or evaJuate these methods. He certajnly did that extensively, and witb no lack of parresia , but then within the context of their contribution towards a beuer understanding oftbe gospels. My intention is, first, to present a concise overview of Vorster's position. Secondly, the undoubtedly positive aspects of his contribution will be highlighted. Andfinally some critical observations will be made. 2 VORSTER'S POSITION Our author beld very strong and consistent convictions about form and redaction criticism, and these were repeated throughout his publications which are 0254-8356J94 $4,00 0 NTSSA R ep ro du ce d by S ab in et G at ew ay u nd er li ce nc e gr an te d by th e Pu bl is he r ( da te d 20 10 ). 34 FORM AND REDACTION CRITICISM relevant to our present theme. I shall present them in the form of five major theses. 2.1 Methodologically.diachronic and synchronic study of the New Testament should be distinguished and practised separately to serve the distinctive goals for which they were developed This conviction. which constitutes Vorster's basic point of departure. resulted from his acquaintance with such influential scholars as Jannie Louw. Eugene Nida. James Barr and Wolfgang Richter. These four made a profound impact on his scientific development. His MA-dissertation (Vorster 1967) and his doctoral thesis (Vorster 1979) already reflect his strong linguistic bent and capability. and these remained a decisive factor in all his work. Vorster was convinced that the synchronic approach provided the only legitimate key towards understanding the gospels. He never advocated a monism of methods (cf 1977:34). A diachronic approach was in his view perfectly legitimate. but then as a historical study of the change of meaning, the genesis and development of utterances. Vorster's concern was methodological correctness. Different methods can be applied in their own right. but the researcher should have clarity on the type of legitimate answers a certain method could generate. A favourite dictum of his was one borrowed from Richter: 'Die Wahl der Fragestellung bestimmt das Vorgehen' (Vorster 1985: 14). His problem with much that was offered in the ,market of biblical research was the naive blurring of inherently incongruous methods: 'To my mind'. he says. 'one can trace back most of the problems in New Testament scholarship to this one single phenomenon' (1977:28). In a subtle earlier article (V orster 1975) he had pointed out the inconsistencies of scholars expounding the Parable of the Sower and its Markan explication (Mc 4:3-8. 14-20): Due to the fact that the history of the meaning of Mc 4:3-8 is taken into account •... meaning and history of meaning both feature in a mixed form in commentaries based on the historico-critical point of view. This is methodologically unsound. It is absolutely necessary to distinguish between diachronic and synchronic matters in discussing the meaning of a given text' (Vorster 1977:32). What he reacts against is not the historico-critical methods as such. but their indiscriminate application for purposes for which they are not suitable. and the implicit claim that they can elucidate the meaning of a gospel text in its final form. Form and redaction critics have made the gospels 'a tell of which the different layers had to be excavated in order to be understood correctly' (1977:34; cf 34-35). The legitimate procedure to understand the final phase in the history of that tell would rather be to explore the content of the top layer horizontally in order to relate the different artifacts found there to one another. R ep ro du ce d by S ab in et G at ew ay u nd er li ce nc e gr an te d by th e Pu bl is he r ( da te d 20 10 ). NEOTESTAMENTICA 28(3) 1994 (Special Edition) 35 This is what the synchronic approach does. It takes seriously the internal network of the final text as an autonomous semantic entity. As we have already stated, Vorster was not opposed to the use of diachronic methods for the purpose of studying early Christian history. In fact, during the last years of his academic career he gave increasing attention to historical matters, as was shown by his participation in the study group on the resurrection of Jesus and the historical Jesus. 2.2 The emergence of the gospel genre is not the finaJ stage of an evolutionary process, but is due to the activity of a creative mind V orster constantly attacked the proponents of the historico-critical approach for understanding the gospels as the product of a genetic process with its own inherent causality (1980a:34, 37; 1980c:17-19; 1981:10-13 and especially 1982:94). This faulty premise maximised the role of the early Christian community and minimised the contribution of the evangelists, and especially of Mark. The contribution of the evangelists has been degraded to that of mere collecting and editing. Renewed studies of folklore have shown that such a self-propelling, evolutionary process, ending up with the final gospel texts as its inevitable climax, is an illusion. Creative personalities play an important role in the transmission of oral tradition. This would also have been the case with the production of the Gospel of Mark. In addition, linguistic research has proven that the gospels are self-contained, auto-semantic entities, displaying the creative activity of individual authors. Once a gospel text has come into being, it constitutes a new text with a life and intra-textual significance of its own, the communicative output of which cannot be equated with the sum-total of traditions it contains. One of the strong influences behind these insights was Eberhard Giittgemanns, whose seminal book (see Giittgemanns 1970) was studied by a sub-group of the New Testament Society of South Africa of which Vorster and the present author were members. After that Vorster worked for a while with Giittgemanns in Bonn, and in this period he quoted him approvingly (1980:23; cf also 1977:35-36). Vorster's convictions regarding the creative role of the evangelists remained unchanged throughout his academic career. As a matter of fact they seem to have grown stronger in the course of time. In his very last article, published posthumously, he asks almost defiantly: How one should picture Mark editing tradition in written or oral form by changing a word here and there, adding a sentence or two, rearranging the order of material, putting the traditional material into a narrative frame and joining separate units or episodes-as redaction critics make us believe-is difficult to imagine. There is much more to the production of a text than traditional views would allow. As long R ep ro du ce d by S ab in et G at ew ay u nd er li ce nc e gr an te d by th e Pu bl is he r ( da te d 20 10 ). 36 FORM AND REDACTION CRITICISM as the Gospels are perceived mainly from the perspective of their growth, the process of production is blurred (1993:389). 2.3 To understand the gospels as the collective product or the Christian community, as held by the historico~ritical paradigm, is unwarranted. The Gospel or Mark can be properly understood only as the work or an individual author The historico-critical approach views the emergence of the gospels as primarily a social phenomenon, the product of the church. According to Vorster, this anti-individualistic approach, which makes an anonymous community responsible for the creation of the tradition and sees even the literary phase of the gospels as part of an ecclesiastical process, cannot be maintained (1980a:37; 1981; 1983a:88; 1985:21; 1993:389). One of the erroneous results of this view is the characterisation of the gospels as 'Kleinliteratur'; another is the conviction that there exists very little difference between the oral tradition and the gospels, and, closely related to this, that the evangelists had only to collect, combine and edit the traditions, and that their editing was not at all that thorough a process. This boiled down to a situation where Mark was 'simply ... a conduit through which a stream of tradition flowed' (1993:391). The collective view militates against what had already been discovered by forerunners of redaction criticism-W Wrede, R H Lightfoot, E Lohmeyer-and later endorsed by the exponents of redaction criticism as such, namely, that Mark impressed his own theological views on his material. Marxsen even called Mark an author in a certain sense (Marxsen 1959:99; cf Vorster 1980a:37). In this respect Vorster has made some really positive statements about redaction criticism (1980b:15,19-24; 1981 :14; 1993:388). What mu


T‐wave alternans (TWA) is associated with ventricular tachycardia (VT). Nonalternans repolarization variability (NARV) precedes VT in certain experimental models, but its link to clinical arrhythmia is unproven. This study was conducted to determine if NARV increases prior to VT in patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs).


Waste refractory material is a common challenge in the field of world resources reuse,western countries have already achieved more than 70% of the refractory resource reuse,But related industries in our country haven 't realized the importance of this problem. This paper analyzes the waste refractory burden on the ecological environment and human health,Expounds its significance,the research status quo of resource recycling. Analyze the problems of old China in the field. Focused on how to carry on the processing,handling,classification,regeneration and direct use. Resource-oriented utilization direction are pointed out.


Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) face unique challenges in the business environment. SMEs need to successfully deal with the prevalent forces for change if they are to survive and grow and meet the expectations to create investment and employment opportunities. Successfully adapting to change from technological advances, customer expectations, supplier requirements, the regulatory environment and increasing competition requires successful implementation of organizational change. The 'Degrees of Turbulence' Model is proposed as a self assessment tool to aid SMEs in their environmental scan and to assist in assessing the potential impact and adjusting to the impending changes in the external environment to ensure continued viability.


This paper studies the financial performance of Indian Stocks by implementing the Fama French Three Factor model to 30 stocks of the Bombay Stock Exchange using daily Stock (closing) data with SENSEX as the benchmark Index. The main objective of this study is to test the ability of the Fama-French three factor model to explain the variation in stocks rate of return over the period from April 2005 to March 2015. This thesis uses models to analyze data from BSE SENSEX (S&P Bombay Stock Exchange Sensitive Index), also-called the BSE 30 by taking daily closing prices of stocks which are listed on SENSEX, the study also investigates the existence of the size and value effects. The study found a strong size and strong positive value effects in testing. The study results indicated that the Fama & French three factor model provide better explanation to the variation in stocks rates of return than the CAPM. The study also suggests that besides the three factors suggested by the Fama and French, there must be factors that account for the Sector performance.


SYNOPSIS. Risk assessment techniques are being increasingly applied to portfolios of reservoirs in the UK and overseas. While hydrological and mechanical/electrical risk can be reliably evaluated using modern techniques, geological and geotechnical risks are more difficult to quantify. The calculation of seismic risk might appear fairly straightforward, but it poses a number of challenges because a severe earthquake may discover weaknesses in the dam or reservoir rim that were not identifed before the event. At larger dams with gated spillways, the probability of mechanical/electrical malfunction can be significant. A simple methodology for the quantification of each major class of risk is described with the aim of calculating a probability of failure for each dam. This can then be multiplied by a figure representing the financial consequences of failure in order to yield an annualised figure of the magnitude of the risk, which can then be used in ranking the portfolio.


As to advance enterprise`s independent innovation,I arranged the available finance policies and analyzed the problems which were about the difficulties of small enterprise`s loan,the faulties of assurance,the channel of stock loan,the finance innovation and so on.Meanwhile I drew lessons from the overseas experiences,bring up perfecting the service,developing the risk investment,perfecting the enterprise`s investment,supporting the loan of intellectual property and so on.


This study reports the effect of organically modified nanoclay on the morphology and crystal-growth behavior of biodegradable polylactide/poly[(butylene succinate)-co-adipate] (PLA/PBSA) blend thin films with the average thickness of 280 nm. The neat and organically modified blended thin films were cast on silicon (001) substrate using a spin coater. Blended composite thin films with three different types of organically modified clays were prepared, and the impact of the nature of the pristine clays, their organic modifications and their initial d001-spacing on the morphology and crystal-growth behavior of the PLA/PBSA blend were studied. An atomic force microscopy equipped with a hot-stage scanner was used to examine the crystalline morphology of the thin films. The morphology and crystal-growth behavior of the films were investigated during in situ annealing and cooling from melt. The results indicated that the initial d001-spacing of the organoclay plays a pivotal role in controlling the morphology of the dispersed phase and hence the crystal-growth behavior.


Many studies have introduced exogenous bacterial strains into the rumen in an attempt to improve fermentation processes or counteract ruminal digestive disorders. Some attempts have been successful in the establishment of the new strain although others have failed. To a large extent, particular conditions necessary to the establishment of a new strain are not yet fully understood. In the present study, Ruminococcus flavefaciens NJ (NJ), isolated from the rumen of a wild moose, was introduced into the rumen of six ruminally fistulated non-lactating dairy cows receiving either a high concentrate or a high forage diet and supplemented on a daily basis with a probiotic mixture. In a second experiment, NJ and the probiotic mixture were given to young calves of 21 to 35 d of age. During repeated dosing, NJ modified the abundance of other cellulolytic bacterial populations compared with periods with no dosing. NJ also improved in sacco digestibility of timothy hay with the high concentrate diet. NJ declined rapi...


Increasingly teachers find themselves working in the rarefied atmosphere of high-stakes testing. In Alberta, as in the rest of the industrialized world, the impulse to increase the monitoring and surveillance of student performance grows unabated. What are the impacts on teachers' work amid the growth of this culture of performance? Although internationally there are many debates around the issue of high-stakes testing, relatively little has been written about the lived experiences of teachers in this area. Drawing on a general review of the literature on teachers' classroom responses to high-stakes testing, this article argues that it is time to develop a framework for understanding the particular localized ways that teachers respond to the global culture of performance.


ABSTRACT Separation of fiber from distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) provides two valuable coproducts: 1) enhanced DDGS with reduced fiber, increased fat and increased protein contents and 2) fiber. Recently, the elusieve process, a combination of sieving and elutriation was found to be effective in separating fiber from two commercial samples of DDGS (DDGS-1 and DDGS-2). Separation of fiber decreased the quantity of DDGS, but increased the value of DDGS by increasing protein content and produced a new coproduct with higher fiber content. Economic analysis was conducted to determine the payback period, net present value (NPV), and internal rate of return (IRR) of the elusieve process. The dependence of animal foodstuff prices on their protein content was determined. Equipment prices were obtained from industrial manufacturers. Relative to crude protein content of original DDGS, crude protein content of enhanced DDGS was higher by 8.0% for DDGS-1 and by 6.3% for DDGS-2. For a dry-grind plant proc...


The Indiana Conference was the fifth in a series of national conferences with which the National Commission on Teacher Ed ucation and Professional Standards has been identified. At the Chautauqua Con ference, the creation of the National Commission was requested. Since its in ception in 1946, the Commission has spon sored the Oxford Conference, the Bowling Green Conference, the New Hampshire Conference, and the Indiana Conference. This summary is based on reports of the 28 study groups which discussed "Evalua tive Criteria for Teacher-Education Pro grams" at the Indiana Conference.


. A traveling viscous shock was previously studied in the Burgers equation with the modular advection term. It was shown that small, smooth, and exponentially decaying in space perturbations to the viscous shock decay in time. The present work addresses multiple shocks of the same model. We first prove that no traveling viscous shocks with multiple interfaces exist. We then suggest with the help of a priori energy estimates and numerical simulations that the evolution of viscous shocks with multiple interfaces leads to the finite-time extinction of compact regions between two consequent interfaces. We specify a precise scaling law of the finite-time extinction supported by the interface equations and by numerical simulations.


Starting from the notional and philosophical tools developed by Francois Jullien in his book De l'intime. Loin du bruyant amour (2013), this article will analyze how the concept of  the "intimate" unfolds surreptitiously throughout the four novels of Jean-Philippe Toussaint's Marie Madeleine Marguerite de Montalte cycle. By studying of the work of the Belgian author, which takes the shape of an introspective portrait of a romantic relationship, this study will, in particular, reflect on the reconfiguration of the notion of identity that such a concept entails --from the moment when the intimate constitutes the place where the boundary between two subjectivities dissipates--, and on the way in which it opens up another relation to time. I will also highlight how this return to psychic life, this "innermost" life, determines one aspect of contemporary literary aesthetics, and more specifically, of the poetics of Toussaint.


In accordance with the remarks by Mao Ze-dong ,Zhang Wen-tian,this article deals with the relationship between the new democratic society and new mode of capitalism.Then the special features of new democratic society with its transition stage and the special features of new mode of capitalism with its transition stage are demonstrated.Finally,the reason for the co-existence of new democratic society and new mode of capitalism is analyzed.


British Telecom has been providing networking products to its customers for nearly twenty years. The market for these products has seen dramatic changes in the last few years. The early multiplexers available only a few years ago compare very unfavourably-in terms of both features and appearance-with today's sophisticated products. Like most items of electronic equipment they have also dropped in price. As a result of this and the parallel developments in price and availability of computing power a number of companies have been able to install major telecommunications or computer networks and use them in a way which fundamentally changes the nature of their business. These are 'network companies' for whom telecommunications have assumed a strategic priority. >


The new time and the new stage of national work,must unite together various national "the struggle,the common prosperity develops" to take the subject,focusing on a harmonious ethnic relations,the promotion multi-national area social development,enhances the multi-national area the development ability,is time request which the national minority and the multi-national area economic society develops.


Introduction: For this investigation we have used neutron spectroscopy data gathered with HEND/GRS instrument onboard Mars Odyssey. Starting from 2002 this mission passed through primary and several extended phases accumulating enormous data volume. During this mission one has been proved that orbital mapping of neutron flux from martian surface (instruments HEND, NS and GRS) is powerful method for exploration of water ice distribution [1-6] as well as for observation of martian seasonal caps [7-9]. It is possible because hydrogen in the upper (1-2 m) layer of subsurface is most efficient material for moderation of fast and epithermal neutrons and seasonal CO2 frost (with thickness more than several centimeters) changes the structure of subsurface and distribution of water ice in upper layers of regolith causing significant changes of neutron flux. Data Analysis: The growing and sublimation of martian snow caps is seen as seasonal variations of neutron flux above Martian polar regions (see figure 1 and 2). At near polar latitudes difference in neutron flux value between summer and winter seasons may achieve as high as 3-5 times and ~20% at the border of snow cap (see examples at figure 1). It means that counting statistic in neutron detectors may be used to map contours of snow caps at different seasons. The statistical criteria >5σ (it corresponds to the presence of 2.5-5 cm of CO2 frost) has been applied here to distinguish between summer map of martian polar regions (no CO2 frost) and fall, winter and spring seasons when surface is covered with CO2 frost. To convert counts in neutron detectors to real physical values such as column depth (g/cm 2 ), mass, density it is necessary to use more complicated approach based on numerical modeling of nuclear processes happened when neutrons are produced, scattered and captured in martian regolith, atmosphere and spacecraft body. Comparison between modeled counts (numerically simulated for the given model of regolith + CO2 frost) and observed counts is used to extract best fit parameters of model: water ice distribution and column density of CO2 frost (see example on figure 2). Mars Odyssey operates at martian orbit more than 7 years which corresponds to 4 martian years. It has been used to search inter annual variations of seasonal cycles trying to compare dimensions and thickness of snow caps for different martian years. Fig. 1. The seasonal profile of neutron flux for near polar southern latitude.


Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) is a fatal and infectious disease, which usually has atypical clinical symptoms include rapidly progressive dementia, myoclonus, pyramidal/extrapyramidal, visual, and akinetic mutism. In this report, we present an atypical sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease patient who was first misdiagnosed as encephalitis or brucellosis. In clinical study, for atypical CJD, it is very important to increase diagnosis accuracy and decrease misdiagnosis of CJD.


Abstract In digital terrain modelling, if the source data (e.g. acquired by image matching) is too dense, a lossy compression procedure, e.g. the VIP (very important points) in ARC/TIN, is then applied to remove those less important data points (or select those important points) from the original data set for efficient data storage and process. This paper describes some experimental tests on the effect of such data compression on the accuracy of resultant digital terrain models (DTM). Results from two areas show that (a) the number of data points retained after compression is linearly proportional to the increase in threshold; (b) a compression of 30% doesn't have too much effect on DTM accuracy. An empirical model is established to predict the accuracy loss due to such compression.


Abstract This writing analyzes the relationship between one text and another, in this case poems entitle Kerendahan Hati  written by Taufik Ismail  and another poem entitles Be the Best of Whatever You are written by  Douglas Malloch. Thus, the objective of this analysis is to show and analyze the relationship between these two texts. To reach the objective,  this analysis applies intertextuality to present the relations because intertextuality believes no text is original. It is true due to the signification of a text  is influenced by the signification of other text, which are the reference or quotation of the previous text. Related to that idea, this analysis  will describe  how  Kerendahan hati  is related to  Be the Best of Whatever You are. Furthermore, it will be concluded which text is the source. It will prove whether Kerendahan Hati  is the source which influences  Be the Best of Whatever You are or vice versa. Keywords:  Intertextuality, Kerendahan hati, Be the Best of Whatever You are


The US Department of Energy (DOE) is undergoing what can be called a [open quotes]cultural change.[close quotes] This paper presents some of the good and bad experiences of that change in the areas of risk analysis and assessment. Its focus is on the research lab environment. Some of the problems encountered at the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) include rapidly evolving and radically changing research initiatives, rapid-fire budget swings, and the ever-changing priorities that all of us face in a rapidly changing world. New construction projects suffer because of illogical funding procedures that do not allow for the inclusion of risk assessment activities at their appropriate time. What to do with existing facilities which are difficult and expensive to upgrade to today's standards is also a large-scale problem. With the rapidly changing missions throughout the DOE complex, organizations must be prepared to quickly cope with safety analysis requirements far more sophisticated and voluminous than just a few short years ago. The Savannah River Site (SRS), operated for the DOE by the Westinghouse Savannah River Company, has been a pioneer in the development of methods required to perform quantitative risk assessments for a wide variety of facilities in a cost-effective manner.more » Industrial, nuclear, and chemical hazards are analyzed. The process begins with the identification of the hazards and continues with the accidents that result in releasing the hazard to a recipient, quantification of the frequency and consequence, and finally determination of the risks. These risk assessments provide the basis for hazards classification of facilities that govern design requirements for structures and equipment, safety analysis reports that define the accident risks that are compared to acceptance criteria, and technical safety requirements that describe the operating envelope to ensure that no undue risk is imposed on the operators or the general public.« less


The formation of the Aralkum (Aral Desert), following the severe desiccation of the former Aral Sea since the 1960s, has created what may be regarded as one of the world's most significant anthropogenic dust sources. In this paper, focusing on dust emission and transport patterns from the Aralkum, the dust life‐cycle has been simulated over Central Asia using the aerosol transport model COSMO‐MUSCAT (COnsortium for Small‐scale MOdelling‐MUltiScale Chemistry Aerosol Transport Model), making use of the Global Surface Water data set to take into account the sensitivity to changes in surface water coverage over the region between the 1980s (the "past") and the 2010s (the "present"). Over a case study 1‐year period, the simulated dust emissions from the Aralkum region increased from 14.3 to 27.1 Tg year−1 between the past and present, an increase driven solely by the changes in the surface water environment. Of these simulated modern emissions, 14.5 Tg are driven by westerly winds, indicating that regions downwind to the east may be worst affected by Aralkum dust. However a high degree of interannual variability in the prevailing surface wind patterns ensures that these transport patterns of Aralkum dust do not occur every year. Frequent cloud cover poses substantial challenges for observations of Central Asian dust: in the Aralkum, over two‐thirds of the yearly emissions are emitted under overcast skies, dust which may be impossible to observe using traditional satellite or ground‐based passive remote sensing techniques. Furthermore, it is apparent that the pattern of dust transport from the Aralkum under clear‐sky conditions is not representative of the pattern under all‐sky conditions.


We demonstrate theoretically and experimentally a two-scale architecture able to achieve giant field enhancement by simultaneously exploiting both the Rayleigh anomaly and localized surface plasmon resonance. Metallic oligomers composed of colloidal nanospheres are well-known for the ability to strongly enhance the near-field at their plasmonic resonance. However, due to intrinsic nonlocality of the dielectric response of the metals along with their inherent loss, the achievable field enhancement has an ultimate constraint. In this paper we demonstrate that combining plasmonic resonance enhancements from oligomers, with feature size of tens of nanometers, with a Rayleigh anomaly caused by a 1-D set of periodic nanorods, having a period on the order of the excitation wavelength, provides a mean to produce enhancement beyond that constrained by losses in near field resonances. Metallic oligomers are chemically assembled in between the periodic set of nanorods that are fabricated using lithographic methods. The nanorod periodicity is investigated to induce the Rayleigh anomaly at the oligomers plasmonic resonance wavelength to further enhance the field in the oligomers hot spots. A thorough study of this structure is carried out by using an effective analytical-numerical model which is also compared to full-wave simulation results. Experimental results comparing enhancements in surface enhanced Raman scattering measurements with and without nanorods demonstrate the effectiveness of a Rayleigh anomaly in boosting the field enhancement. The proposed structure is expected to be beneficial for many applications ranging from medical diagnostics to sensors and solar cells.


"No companies can survive without profit, companies must earn profit but with social concern" Canara bank is one of leading bank in banking Sector with 3,723 branches and 3,526 ATMs, serving more than 4.7 crore customers. The present study made an attempt to know the CSR initiatives taken by the Canara bank. The objectives of the paper to determine the initiatives and amount spend by Canara bank on CSR activities. From the present study, it is found that during 2012-13 Total profit after taxes of the Canara bank is Rs. 2872 Crore. Out of which total spending on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is Rs.1129.53 lakh, as percentage of profit after tax 0.39% spends on Corporate Social Responsibility. It is also found that from last three years Canara Bank supported 6, 19,272 students with amount of Rs. 11,920 crore to pursue their higher education in India and also abroad


The scope of the present research was to evaluate the fitness of non-noble copper-zinc and copperaluminum metallic cast restorations. Such alloys, in our ...


Five in a Family Behind the innocent title, Five in a Family, lurks a conspiracy of three writers to teach youngsters of grade three to care for their health and safety and to develop ";'holesome petsonaliries. An excellent choice of goals has been made, and the device of stories built to carry each its moral has been managed with rare skill. In fact it is all one story, containing many incidents irrterearing in themselves and well suited to provoke discussion. When not to take a dare; the importance of vegetables in the diet, of good posture, of kindness to animals and people-these and half a hundred other lessons are wrapped up in this attractive package. Even the part of the plot that seeks to teach teachers and parents a few things they may have overlooked about children seems likely to succeed. We can picture some homes, classrooms and playgrounds undergoing gradual transformations under the stimulus of this playful treatment. FIVE IN A FAMILY, Baruch, Montgomery and Gray. Scott, Foresman and Company, Chicago. $.96.


In the Oil and Gas industry, many situations are representative of particulate flows : cutting removal in drilling operations, sand management in production, dispersed hydrates transportation in pipeline, ... Such flows are particularly intricate in relation to the very different scales involved: from the particle to the flow domain. To enhance the comprehension of this class of multiphase flows ranging from moderately to highly concentrated suspensions, we developed GRIFF (GRains In Fluid Flow), a coupled solver based on a Distinct Element Method (DEM) for the granular part, which enables us to account for actual contacts between particles and consider particles of (polyhedral) arbitrary shape, and a Finite Element Method for the fluid part. The coupling is achieved by a Distributed Lagrange Multipliers/Fictitious Domain method (DLM/FD) and an operator-splitting algorithm. We illustrate the capabilities of the numerical tool on the 2D sedimentation of particles of polygonal or circular shape in a Newtonian fluid.