The invention provides an adjustable diaphragm of a spatial light modulator. The adjustable diaphragm comprises a polarization splitting prism 1, the spatial light modulator and a polarization splitting prism 2, all of which are placed on the same horizontal plane in parallel. Diaphragm adjustment is achieved by loading a diaphragm gray level picture on the spatial light modulator. The diaphragm gray level picture is composed of two parts, wherein the light phase modulation of the middle part is 0, and the light phase modulation of the peripheral part is pi. The diaphragm size is adjusted by changing the pixel size of the middle part of the gray level picture. When the shape of the middle gray level picture is changed, and the light passing shape of the adjustable diaphragm is correspondingly changed and is the same as the shape of the middle part of the gray level picture.


1 As Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAVs) applications continue to proliferate, solutions to congested airspace control will need to be studied. This problem can be broken down into smaller problems such as collision avoidance, waypoint navigation, vehicle priority assignment, and target assignment. Moreover, main research challenges include situational awareness and decision making in an uncertain, time-critical, spatio-temporal environment. The goal of this study is the creation, implementation, and integration of these smaller algorithms into an overarching simulated airspace, with multiple UAVs and targets. Additionally, the simulation environment created should be robust enough to easily employ different algorithms for each of these subsystems. Fuzzy Logic will be used throughout the scope of this project to show the robustness of Fuzzy Logic in these capacities. It was found that the collision avoidance algorithm is 100% collision free for the Static, Dynamic, and Clustered simulations, for both Priority and Non-Priority cases (all cases) over a span of 7,509 flight hours.


Very sparse bitmaps are used in a wide variety of applications, ranging from adjacencymatrices in representation of large sparse graphs, representation of sparse spaceoccupancy to book-keeping in databases. In this paper, we propose a method basedon pruning of binary space partition (BSP) tree in minimal description length (MDL)principle for coding very sparse bitmaps. This new method for coding of sparse bitmapsmeets seemingly competing objectives of good compression, the ability of conductingqueries directly in compression domain, and simple and fast decoding.


During the past year the authors, in attempting to solve the problem of the carrier state in Salmonella pullorum infection in the domestic fowl by a comparison of the agglutination and complement fixation tests, discovered that one of the difficulties in technic was the lack of a proper antigen for complement fixation. The antigens usually recommended did not appear to act satisfactorily in this test and several variations in method of preparation were tried as reported below. Bacterial antigens for the complement fixation test comprise the following: whole bacteria and their products in the culture in which they have been grown; suspensions of the bacterial cells in an undisrupted condition but freed of the products of growth; suspensions of the disrupted bacterial cells; and filtrates and washings of the cells. The most difficult part of the technic of making a complement fixation test is the preparation of a stable antigen, one which will retain its antigenic property for a long period of time and still not become anticomplementary. Such an antigen is here described.


A base metal pressing device of a progressive mold is provided to smoothly maintain and repair the base metal pressing device without a separate part by installing a pressing plate on a top face of a bottom mold retainer by a holder such that the pressing plate can be separated from the bottom mold retainer by removing the holder in a state that a top mold holder is moved to the upper side. A base metal pressing device of a progressive mold comprises: a bottom mold holder(50) having a bottom mold retainer(54) on which a die is installed; a top mold holder(80) which is installed at an upper side of the bottom mold holder, the top mold holder including a top mold retainer(84) which is lifted relatively to the bottom mold holder, and on which a punch is installed; a pressing plate(60) caught on a holder(68) fixed to the bottom mold retainer in a state that the pressing plate is supported on the bottom mold retainer by a lifting elastic member(66) to closely adhere the base metal to the die before the punch hits a base metal placed on the die; and pressing pins(90) for pressing the base metal before the punch hits the base metal in a state that the pressing plate is closely adhered to the bottom mold retainer by lowering the top mold holder through the top mold retainer of the top mold holder, thereby pressing the pressing plate.


Brazilian semi-arid region is a recent frontier in the country for agribusiness. The objective of this study is to apply pedometric tools to zoning areas with distinct potential and limitations to agricultural purposes. The research was set in three main steps: (i) to compile a database with all complete profile data collection; (ii) to analyze the vertical variability of soil properties and select a set of soil key properties useful to define the land potential and limitations; and (iii) to classify the area according to potential for agriculture, considering a medium technological level of the farmers. The quantitative methods applied are supported by geographic information systems (GIS) and spatial statistics. The soil data compilation was based on legacy data, with corresponding topographical data and information from remote sensing images of the area. Tree-based and geostatistical algorithms were applied to predict the spatial variability of the soil key properties. The definition of management zones was based on Iso Cluster and Maximum Likelihood Classification tools. The results pointed three different management zones according to risks of salinization and requirements for irrigation control. The approach showed to be a simple and useful way to select and recommend primarily potential areas for agriculture based on soil properties.


Chapter 6 examines the value of environmental assets, which lies in the discounted stream of services they offer. Their conservation depends on the expected rate of change in their value, if conserved, relative to the rate of return on alternative assets. This chapter considers how the portfolio of environmental assets—natural capital—has been valued at the national scale. The two main approaches adopted are the United Nations' System of Environmental-Economic Accounts (SEEA), and the World Bank's (Inclusive) Wealth Accounts. The authors consider both approaches, and what they mean for the sustainability and the efficiency of natural resource use. Particular attention is paid to the residual left over after taking account of all marketed inputs in production: total factor productivity.


Usually, in electron probe microanalysis, the X-ray diffusion range is around lμm on the sample surface. For this reason, the maximum useful magnification of X-ray image seems to be limited to a few thousand times. The X-ray diffusion on the \im order takes place in the bulk sample. However, when a sample is cut to a thin film, it is likely that the X-ray diffusion range will be made smaller, and it is also possible to observe very a narrow area X-ray image at higher magnification. The thin film method is a sampling technique used often in transmission electron microscopy. The microtome method has been applied to organic materials, and the method using focus ion beam (FIB) has been applied to inorganic materials. Takahashi et al. have reported the effectiveness of the microtome application to EPMA of soft materials. in this report, the FIB method was applied to a sampling of inorganic materials in order to obtain high resolution X-ray images of real samples.


The present invention relates to a direct memory access controller memory blocks movement and movement method. Receiving a DMA descriptor address in the DMA controller, the DMA descriptor includes an address of a subsequent DMA descriptor, then the DMA descriptor includes a pointer to a variable number of data, and each data pointer points to a plurality of memory blocks or more, further comprising a DMA descriptor specified in the subsequent DMA descriptor pointer data symbols included in the number of indication; DMA descriptor address is then read and the specified value are shown in the then the number of data symbols included in the DMA descriptor pointer; and to move the respective memory blocks of each data pointer points to the DMA read cycles performed by a certain number, the number of which depends on the DMA read cycle specified by the indication number of data pointers.


Since the 1992 Rio Convention on Biological Diversity, the earth's biodiversity is a matter of constant public interest, but the community of scientists who describe and delimit species in mega-diverse animal groups, i.e. the bulk of global biodiversity, faces ever-increasing impediments. The problems are rooted in poor understanding of specificity of taxonomy, and overestimation of quantitative approaches and modern technology. A high proportion of the animal species still remains to be discovered and studied, so a more balanced approach to the situation is needed.


By employing the effective variance of stress tensors as a scalar-valued measurement of stress heterogeneity, we quantitatively analyse the influence of boundary constraint stiffness on numerically derived stress distribution in a fractured rock mass. The results reveal a decreasing trend in the effective variance of stress field with an increasing boundary constraint stiffness. This work demonstrates the efficacy of effective variance for stress heterogeneity quantification, and also indicates that the boundary constraint stiffness can affect stress modelling results. We suggest that quantitative evaluation of the effects of boundary constraints may be needed in geomechanical modelling of fractured rock masses.


This paper presents some inequalities concerning certain ratios of the classical Euler's Gamma function. The results generalized some recent results.


ABSTRACT Rates of deposition for features associated with progradational shorelines are normally estimated on the basis of direct observation or by the radiocarbon dating of shell or wood fragments recovered from the shoreline depositional features. Archaeological dating provides an alternative to these techniques. Progradation and erosion of Holocene shorelines on the Georgia coast can be grouped into four basic types: --Rapid progradation at the mouth of major rivers --Seaward and southward accretion of recurving beaches at the south ends of barrier islands --Cycles of alternating cuspate progradation and recurving truncations typical of the northern ends of barrier islands --Parallel progradation of straight beachlines typical of the central parts of barrier islands. The temporal significance of each of these types can be determined by archaeological dating. During much of the past 4500 years. Indians inhabiting the Georgia coastal area subsisted in large part on littoral mulluscs, as evidenced by large shell middens which mark former habitation sites. Aboriginal ceramic styles changed rapidly during this time period and recent work by archaeologists has defined 15 cultural phases based on the ceramic changes. These 15 phases have been calibrated by 14C dating. A specific example of how archaeological dating can be applied to the interpretation of shoreline changes is seen in the intertidal coastal zone lying immediately south of Savannah River. Examination of 33 habitation sites on beach ridge remnants in this area shows the presence of six cultural phases, which become progressively younger in a seaward direction. This sequence defines a dramatic progradation of nearly 10 km in the past 4500 years.


A study examined the development and functioning of a task targeted toward helping students use context clues more effectively. Subjects, five fifthor sixth-grade remedial students of low verbal ability, were presented target words in contexts of one to three sentences taken from fifth and sixth grade basal stories as part of a 5-step training task. Q:Jantitative and qualitative results indicated that each of the five students made progress. Results also indicated that four of the five students appeared to internalize the training task and were similar to "high ability" students in an earlier study. Findings suggest that the training task may be a useful tool to help students develop a more productive process for dealing with contexts. (Contains 10 references and three tables of data.) (RS). *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** OfF!.SJ'ETTIgiER'sre9g,E!?duiC,122;','ni EDUCceATIONAL RESOeURaCES8 INFORMATelON CenEtNhTaEsRb e( EeRn 1,04 /This docum roduced as received from the person or organization originating it 0 Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points o' view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position cr Paper presented at AERA New Orleans, 1994 Study to Train Remedial Elementary Si...dents to Become More Sensitive to Context Clues Betty L. Go6css, Isabel L. Beck, Margaret G. McKeown Purpose of the Study The work that I am going to report today was targeted toward helping students use context clues more effectively. Although there is evidence indicating that children learn new words by reading them in natural context (Carnine, Kameenui, & Coyle, 1984; Jenkins, Stein, & Wysocki, 1984; Nagy, Herman, & Anderson, 1985), research seems to suggest that students whose vocabulary is most in need of being increased are least likely to be able to get information from context (McKeown, 1985; Quealy, 1969; van Daalen-Kapteijns & Elshout-Mohr, 1981). Furthermore, several studies confirm that deriving word meaning from context is a complex process and not necessarily automatic or efficient (Carnine et al., 1984; Jenkins, Matlock & Slocum, 1989; McKeown, 1985; Werner & Kaplan, 1952). This leads to the notion that teaching students how to use context to derive word meaning is not straightforward, but is important. We developed training task that deals with some of the complexities through teacher modeling, followed by interactive practice. "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY C.7120-etr TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)." Overview of the Study The focus of our work was developing the training task and coming to understand how the task functioned. So we included only five subjects in order to look in depth at the procedure and to track growth over time. I met individually with the students for nine sessions of approximately one-half hour each. Two sessions were devoted to a pretest and a posttest and seven sessions to training. Between six and twelve training items were used in each session, based on the amount of time students' responses took. A variety of context types, difficulty level, function in sentence, and clarity level were presented in each training session. Sub'ects. The five subjects were fifth and sixth grade remedial students. They were identified as remedial readers, based on having scored at least one and one-half grade levels below their grade placement on the Metropolitan Achievement Tests (1986), and ts.:3 receiving remedial instruction through Chapter I. In addition, the subjects were further identified as low verbal students from their scores on the vocabulary subtest of the Gates MacGinitie Reading Tests (1989). I read the test orally to a group of students in cd) order to eliminate decoding difficulties as the cause of their remedial designation. Five of the lowest scoring students on this screening device participated in the study. Word Meaning from Context 2 Materials: The training items consisted of target words presented in contexts of one. to-:. three sentences taken from fifth and sixth grade basal stories. Target words were those that had been preselected by the basal programs as vocabulary for specific stories in their fifth and sixth grade readers and as such were assumed to be potentially unfamiliar to the fifth and sixth grade subjects in this study. In additign, at least one training item was presented during each session that contained a pseudoword substituted for a word that would probably be a part of the student's vocabulary. This assured a training opportunity in which the student definitely did not know the word. The materials included one hundred three training items, a pretest, and a posttest. The pretest and posttest each consisted of six items based on those used by McKeown, designed to probe students' ability to identify useful context. Students selected or rejected meaning choices for a pseudoword, justified those choices using context clues, and used additional context to narrow the meaning of the pseudoword. Procedure: Now I am going to tell you about each step of the five-step training task that we developed: As each training item was presented either the student or I read it. This first step was read/paraphrase. For example: As for Rusty, he scowled at Mary before stamping out of the room. "And I'm not coming back either, seer After an item was read it was paraphrased by the student or by me. For instance, So? Rusty does this scowled thing at Mary and then stamps out of the room. As he does this he says, "And I'm not coming back either, see!" The second step, query/discussion, focused or. ,ing clues to the meaning of the word. Cor,sider the following dialogue. Investigator: What is happening in these sentences? Student: Rusty is mad at Mary about something and he stamped out of the room. Investigator: Good, is there anything else? Student: Well, he yelled at her as he went out the door that he wasn't coming back. Notice I questioned the student to guide his understanding of the sentences and focus on context clues that were helpful in generating possible meanings for the target word. 3 Word Meaning from Context 3 In Step 3 the student was asked to provide an initial identification of the word and rationale for the decision. You will notice in an example of this step the student is able to generate yelled as a plausible meaning for scowled and provides rationale that includes helpful context. Investigator: What do you think scowled might mean? Student: Yelled Investigator: Why do you think it is yelled? Student: Well, he is mad at her and then he yelled that he wasn't coming back. If a student was unable to provide a response at this point or failed to use context clues, I guided the student by reviewing the query/discussion step of the task, perhaps drawing attention to relevant context clues. Then the student was encouraged to provide an idea for the meaning, not necessarily an exact word. In the typical dialogue that follows, notice that I return to the context and ask a specific question to guide the student in generating possible meanings. Investigator: What do you think scowled means? Student: (no response) Investigator: Let's look at the sentence containing scowled. "As for Rusty, he scowled at Mary before stamping out of the room." When someone stamps out of a room, what do you think they are feeling? Student: Mad or upset Investigator: Right, so if Rust is mad or upset, what are some things he might do at Mary? Student: Yell or throw something The fourth step, placing constraints, was to help students examine more possibilities and refrain from the expectation that it is necessary or even possible to find one right meaning for every unfamiliar word. The following dialogue is an example of this step. Investigator: Student: Investigator: Student: Investigator: Student: Can you think of some other possible meanings? Make faces at her Why do you say make faces at her? If you are mad at someone, you might make a face at them before you stamp out of the room. Can you think of anything else scowled might mean? Shake his fist 4 Word Meaning from Context 4 Investigator: What made you say that? Student: I shake my fist when I am mad at my sister. Notice the student was able to generate two other possible meanings using the context and prior knowledge. The last or summary stap was to pull all the information together about the target word, helping the student focus on what could be inferred about the word and what it might mean. In the dialogue that follows, the student is able to focus on the idea that scowled was an angry action Rusty was doing at Mary. Investigator: What do we know about scowled? Student: It is something Rusty did at Mary. He was mad because he stamped out of the room telling her that he wasn't coming back. It could be yelled or shook his fist or made an angry face at her. Investigator: Any one of those might be possible meanings for scowled based on these sentences. This is the type of dialogue that occurred in the training sessions with the five students. Results: Now let me share with you some results of this study. We evaluated the effectiveness of the training using both quantitative data from the pretest and posttest measures and a qualitative analysis of the in-progress data as well as the pretest and posttest. Both quantitative and qualitative results show that each of the five students made progress. Table 1 shows students' pretest and posttest results in terms of their ability to select or reject possible meanings for pseudo words in sentences. Improvement ranged from 13 percentage points for Brad to 58 percentage points for JD. Table 2 shows students' improvement in the ability to justify those meanings that might be appropriate candidates


Abstract We report a new transition scenario from a uniform state to the spatio-temporal chaos (STC) for the electroconvection in the homeotropically aligned nematics, in which a magnetic field is ...


Due the significant need for real-time anonymization we propose Real-time Netshuffle [1]; a complete graph distortion technique designed to mitigate risk to inference attacks in traffic anonymization. Real-time Netshuffle provides an additional layer of security, in concert with other on-line traffic anonymization techniques, while imposing only minimal damage to the empirical value of the data.


The purpose of this study was to find the effects of a 12 weeks IAAF Kid's Athletics programme on the psychological and motor fitness abilities of sedentary school-going children. Materials and methods. The study involved 40 students (age 10 to 14 years) with no previous history of systematic training. The subjects were further sub-divided based on their age, i.e. low age (10 to 11 years) and high age (13 to 14 years), and then randomly assigned to either an experimental group (Kid's Athletics) or a control group. The psychological variables selected were stress tolerance reactive, simple motor speed, simple reaction speed, visual perception, and focused attention, whereas motor variables selected were sit and reach test, standing broad jump, 50m sprint, T-test, and 150m sprint. Tests were conducted pre-training, mid-training, and post-training for motor variables while only pre-training and post-training tests were conducted for psychological variables. Results. The two-way mixed ANOVA revealed a significant difference in all the selected variables (motor and psychological variables) in group × time interaction (p = 0.001 to <0.001) with large effect sizes. Lager effect sizes in motor fitness variables were observed after 12 weeks (ES = 2.09 to 5.72) than 6 weeks (ES = 1.92 to 3.47) when compared to baseline in the experimental group. Conclusion. The study shows that Kid's Athletics recommended by IAAF may be considered as an effective programme to improve psychological as well as motor abilities in sedentary school-going children.


The effective transference of surplus labour in the rural areas can not be realized, the positive effects of township enterprises can not be put into full play, the rural demand market can not be expanded, industrialized operation in the rural areas can not be enhanced, the dual economic structure can not be broken, and the industrialization, modernization and urbanization can not be finally realized unless its economy is vigorously promoted.


In 1968, an ordained minister sought to dismiss, on grounds of religious free exercise, a criminal indictment for the use of LSD and marijuana in the religious rites of a newly formed church whose official songs were "Puff, the Magic Dragon" and "Row, Row, Row Your Boat."' More recently, inmates of a federal penitentiary have, on similar grounds, demanded steak and wine for use in a paschal celebration of their assertedly religious faith in the destruction of all prison authority.2 In New Jersey, proponents of teaching Transcendental Meditation (TM) in public schools have sought, conversely, to avoid the strictures of the establishment cause by arguing in federal district court that TM is not a religion, 3 even though part of the TM initiation ceremony centers on a chant honoring "the One, the Eternal, the Pure, the Immovable" Shri Guru Dev.' In these and other recent cases,5 courts have been directly asked to decide what is and what is not religion for purposes of the free exercise and establishment clauses of the first amendment. The task facing the courts in these cases has been complicated considerably by Supreme Court free exercise and establishment clause doctrine. In particular, the Court's willingness, in cases such as Wisconsin v. Yoder,' to grant special exemptions under the free exercise clause for religiously motivated conduct appears to be in fundamental con-


With the typical characteristics of the landscape in Guizhou, Karst geomorphology is greatly valued. Yet, if it is regarded only as the sole attraction for tourism, the strategy is incomplete from the view of tourism development. Such landscape should be associated with the cultural background of this area. The cultural connotation should be explored in order to maintain the sustainable development; the natural landscape should be complemented with the historical sites; the regional culture should be inherited and protected with modern means; and various development modes should be adopted in line with the development law. This is the key to a sound development of tourism in Guizhou and to catch up with the tourism development of its neighboring provinces, autonomous region and municipality.


High Performance Computing is focusing on heterogeneous architecture. The Embarrassingly Parallel algorithm is typical of Monte Carlo method which are widely applied to many important scientific areas. In this paper, we present an efficient Hybrid Embarrassingly Parallel algorithm for heterogeneous CPU/GPU clusters and an effective task distribution model for the load balancing between CPU and GPU. Our Hybrid EP algorithm can use the computing capability of both multi-core CPU and many-core GPU simultaneously based on the task distribution model. We test Hybrid EP algorithm on various types of CPUs, GPUs and the Tianhe-1A supercomputer. The overall performance speedup of M2050 GPU ranges from 10.84 times compared with six cores X5670 to over 50.53 times compared with quad cores Q6600. The performance of heterogeneous CPU/GPU Tianhe-1A supercomputer, in which both CPU and GPU are sufficiently used, outperforms pure CPU cluster 6.86 times. The speedup increases linearly with the number of nodes and the average efficiency is up to 98.72% for 4096 nodes.


Too frequently, courts and the Securities and Exchange Commission have presumed, in the tender offer context, that management acts principally for the benefit of the corporation's shareholders. This presumption has left such shareholders basically at the mercy of an unfettered management whose interests may conflict with the interests of the shareholders it allegedly serves. As a result of the increased popularity of hostile bids for corporate control, both offeror and target managements have relied on the ingenuity of securities attorneys and investment bankers to create new maneuvers for use in the takeover setting. The terms for some of these maneuvers, including "golden parachutes," "shark repellent" provisions, "lock-ups," "poison pills," "scorched earth" tactics, "white knights," and the "Pac-Man" defense,1 suggest that there is something


Perturbation reductive procedures, as used to analyse various weakly nonlinear plasma waves (solitons and periodic waves), normally lead to the dynamical system being described by KdV, Burgers' or a nonlinear Schrödinger-type equation, with properties that can be deduced from an array of mathematical techniques. Here we develop a fully nonlinear theory of one-dimensional stationary plasma waves, which elucidates the common nature of various diverse wave phenomena. This is accomplished by adopting an essentially fluid dynamic viewpoint. In this unified treatment the constants of the motion (for mass, momentum and energy) lead naturally to the construction of the wave structure equations. It is shown, for example, that electrostatic, Hall–magnetohydrodynamic and ion–cyclotron–acoustic nonlinear waves all obey first-order differential equations of the same generic type for the longitudinal flow field of the wave. The equilibrium points, which define the soliton amplitude, are given by the compressive and/or rarefactive roots of a total plasma 'energy' or 'momentum' function characterizing the wave type. This energy function, which is an algebraic combination of the Bernoulli momentum and energy functions for the longitudinal flow field, is the fluid dynamic counterpart of the pseudo-potentials, which are characteristic of system structure equations formulated in other than fluid variables. Another general feature of the structure equation is the phenomenon of choked flow, which occurs when the flow speed becomes sonic. It is this trans-sonic property that limits the soliton amplitudes and defines the critical collective Mach numbers of the waves. These features are also obtained in multi-component plasmas where, for example, in a bi-ion plasma, momentum exchanges between protons and heavier ions are mediated by the Maxwell magnetic stresses. With a suitable generalization of the concept of a sonic point in a bi-ion system and the corresponding choked flow feature, the wave structures, although now more complicated, can also be understood within this overall fluid framework. Particularly useful tools in this context are the momentum hodograph (an algebraic relation between the bi-ion speeds and the electron speed, or magnetic field, which follows from the conservation of mass, momentum and charge-neutrality) and a generalized Bernoulli energy density for each species. Analysis shows that the bi-ion solitons are essentially compressive, but contain the remarkable feature of the presence of a proton rarefactive core. A new type of soliton, called an 'oscilliton' because embedded spatial oscillations are superimposed on the classical soliton, is also described and discussed. A necessary condition for the existence of this type of wave is that the linear phase velocity must exhibit an extremum where the phase speed matches the group speed. The remarkable properties of this wave are illustrated for the case of both whistler waves and bi-ion waves where, for the latter, the requisite condition is met near the cross-over frequencies. In the case of the whistler oscilliton, which propagates at speeds in excess of one half of the Alfvén speed (based on the electrons), an analytic solution has been constructed through a phase-portrait integral of the system in which the proton and electron dynamics must be placed on the same footing. The relevance of the different wave structures to diverse space environments is briefly discussed in relation to recently available high-time and spatial resolution data from satellite observations.


A two-stage urethroplasty with buccal mucosa is indicated in patients with complex stricture disease or failed hypospadias repair. Long urethral strictures with severe spongiofi brosis after previous surgical repairs, in whom no healthy tissue remains, need a two-stage intervention. Hypospadias cripples with no urethral plate or complete breakdown of other urethral reconstructions with scars and spongiofi brosis are also suitable for this procedure.


Abstract The capability of Doppler weather radars to short-term forecast the initiation of thunderstorms and the onset of cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning is examined. Doppler weather radar data from 28 thunderstorms were analyzed from August 1990 in the central Florida environment. These radar echoes were associated with CG lightning strike locations from the National Lightning Detection Network and two lightning detection systems operated by the U.S. Air Force in the vicinity of Kennedy Space Center. From a time history of these radar echoes it was found that a 10-dBZ echo, first detected near the freezing level, may be the first definitive echo of a future thunderstorm. This thunderstorm initiation signature is often accompanied by low-altitude convergence and divergence at the top of the radar echo. The observed lead times between this thunderstorm initiation signature and the first detected CG lightning strike ranged from 5 to 45 min with a median lead time of 15 min. All lightning-producing radar echo...


Working papers in this series are preliminary and are circulated to stimulate discussion and critical comment. These papers are not subject to CBO's formal review and editing processes. The analysis and conclusions expressed in them are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as those of the Congressional Budget Office. References in publications should be cleared with the authors. Papers in this series can be obtained at www.cbo.gov (select Publications and then Working and Technical Papers). Abstract This paper provides a theoretical examination of the impact of Japan's Employment Adjustment Subsidy, a major employment insurance policy since 1975, on labor adjustment, productivity and output fluctuations in the iron and steel sector. A partial equilibrium industry model with heterogeneous establishments and aggregate uncertainty shows that the EAS reduces steady-state labor productivity by encouraging labor hoarding, while reducing job flows and increasing average firm-level employment. While the directly measured impact on productivity is proportional to the fraction of subsidized workers, the indirect effects of the subsidy on output and employment volatility can be substantially larger. First, the subsidy can lead to a sizable increase in output fluctuations over business cycles by symmetrically increasing the output response to shocks. This result is achieved through lower output via subsidy during unfavorable aggregate shocks and higher output via less spending on hiring during favorable aggregate shocks. Second, the subsidy meets its primary objective of reduced employment volatility. The reduction can be considerable when hiring and firing costs are set equal to the annual wage.


came a popular addition to the belladonna derivatives. The general consensus of opinion being that it was a sedative leading to a calmer induction, a quieter sleep, and ann easier awakening. It was not long, however; before surgeons began to that patients premedicated with morphine and receiving ether anesthesia seemed to manifest poor muscular relaxation during operation. The phrase &dquo;Morphine Belly&dquo; 2° was bandied about. Anesthesiologists shifted towards lighter premedication. In 1945 Levy, a New York psychiatrist wrote a rather striking paper 14 in which he tentatively linked such long-term behavioral defects in childhood as night terrors, enuresis and claustrophobia, with acute episodes of fear associated with the administration of


Introduction. Chapter One Ready: The Overview. Chapter Two Domain Knowledge: Where Did You Get Your Idea? Chapter Three The Market: How Big Is It, and How Fast Is It Growing? Chapter Four Lifecycles and Trends: How Are These Affecting Your Market? Chapter Five Your Competitors: What Are They Doing? Chapter Six The Experts: What Do They Say? Chapter Seven The Ready Checklist. Chapter Eight Aim: The Overview. Chapter Nine Research: Learning What You Really Need to Know. Chapter Ten Interviews: Getting to the Market Pain. Chapter Eleven Who Are You After? Finding Your Target Audience. Chapter Twelve Turning Data into Results: How to Practically Apply All That You ve Learned. Chapter Thirteen Outside Help: Using Research Professionals. Chapter Fourteen Countdown: Preparing the Market for Your Product. Chapter Fifteen The Aim Checklist. Chapter Sixteen Fire: The Overview. Chapter Seventeen Sales and Marketing: Budget for It Chapter Eighteen The Details: Write Product Specs and Schedules Chapter Nineteen Fast to Market: Get a Market-Oriented Product Out Quickly Chapter Twenty Early Customers: Recruit Design Partners and Advisory Boards Chapter Twenty-One Showtime: Launch, Market, and Sell the Product Chapter Twenty-Two The Fire Checklist About the Author Index


Over the past decade, quality managers and scholars have focused increased attention on supplier quality as a key resource for organisations. This paper presents the results of an exploratory study into how organisations rank supplier selection attributes and the extent to which use is made of decision support systems (expert systems in particular) in supplier quality management. Overall, quality was ranked the most important attribute. Paradoxically, decision‐support/knowledge‐based systems are not being utilized in solving the multi‐criteria decision problem inherent in supplier quality management. It is speculated that the lack of robust strategy for combining both human and artificial intelligence in supplier quality integration means that many organisations are making themselves vulnerable as out‐sourcing and strategic partnerships become important determinants of competitive advantage. Consequently, this paper assesses the scope for expert systems, a branch of artificial intelligence that is capable of helping organisations to co‐ordinate and harness potentially diverse sources of input resources in supplier quality management.


The design, fabrication techniques, and first test results of a new type of micromachined energy analyzer for charged particles are presented. The novel design is based on a Bessel Box straight‐line geometry with focusing in one dimension. The problem of small acceptance area due to the drastically reduced overall dimensions is accounted for by the use of a parallel array of small analyzers simultaneously. We describe the fabrication of a proof‐of‐concept micromachined Bessel Box array by means of anisotropic wet etching of 〈110〉 silicon, and we present ray‐tracing simulations for a simple geometry. Finally, we show some test results of Auger electrons and discuss possible applications of generic small charged particle analyzers.


The article highlights the experience of libraries working with older generation users in certain foreign countries faced with the modern demographic problem - the aging of the population: Germany, Canada and Australia. The modern forms of work of libraries of these countries with the elderly, which are of interest to Russian libraries, are identified and characterized. Difficulties in the work of foreign libraries with the older generation during the COVID-19 pandemic are separately noted. The authors come to the conclusion, that despite the differences in location, size, departmental affiliation, quantity and quality of the fund, and so on, many libraries in developed countries face the same problem - the increasing number of elderly readers and reconstruct their work in accordance with the new demographic and socio-cultural situation, which requires libraries to develop special services to save the cultural capital of older generations.


The compositions of acyl lipids, fatty acids and tocopherols were determined for a series of laboratory-extracted and commercial wheat germ oils and a comparison made of the total carotenoid contents. High-performance liquid chromatography (h.p.l.c.) with fluorescence detection was used to determine tocopherols and tocotrienols without the need for pretreatment of the oils. The laboratory-extracted oils were similar in composition except for the content of free fatty acids and the β-tocotrienol derived from bran in the unpurified mill germ; carotenoid content was lower in oil from rancid or cooked germ. The commercial oils contained very low concentrations of carotenoids and polar lipids and three samples had unusual tocopherol compositions very different from those of the laboratory-extracted oils. One of these samples contained no detectable amount of linolenic acid which is usually present in cereal oils. It is concluded that the quality and composition of commercial wheat germ oil is very variable and that methods of assessing quality and detecting adulteration are essential. H.p.l.c. with fluorescence detection is well-suited to the analysis of tocopherols, tocotrienols and α-tocopherol acetate in wheat germ oil.


The economic development of infrastructure in India, the country has progressed at a rapid pace and today there is an availability of wide variety of modes of transport by land, water and air. But, overall Road Transport is the primary and preferred mode of transport for most of the population and India's Road Transport system is among the most heavily utilized system in the world. It plays a pivotal role in the economic development of a nation by increasing the productivity and competitiveness. Over the last ten years (2009-10 to 2018-19) Road Transport sector GDP grew at an annual average rate close to 11 per cent compared to an overall annual GDP growth of 7 per cent. Today Road Transport serving occupies an irresistible dominance within the transport sector with a share of 5.8 per cent in GDP compared to a too little 1.0 per cent share GDP in case of railways. Also annual average growth in freight transport at 7.5 per cent for road was much higher in comparison to railways which clocked a modest annual average increase of 4.6 per cent during the past reforms phase (1998-99 to 2018-19).


This paper presents an efficient graph-based algorithm for the segmentation of planar regions out of 3D range maps of urban areas. Segmentation of planar surfaces in urban scenarios is challenging because the data acquired is typically sparsely sampled, incomplete, and noisy. The algorithm is motivated by Felzenszwalb's algorithm to 2D image segmentation [8], and is extended to deal with non-uniformly sampled 3D range data using an approximate nearest neighbor search. Interpoint distances are sorted in increasing order and this list of distances is traversed growing planar regions that satisfy both local and global variation of distance and curvature. The algorithm runs in O(n log n) and compares favorably with other region growing mechanisms based on Expectation Maximization. Experiments carried out with real data acquired in an outdoor urban environment demonstrate that our approach is well-suited to segment planar surfaces from noisy 3D range data. A pair of applications of the segmented results are shown, a) to derive traversability maps, and b) to calibrate a camera network.


It points out the importance and difficulty of building the cost controlling system in enterprises.And based on the analydis of the conventional cost controlling system's problems,it advances a new DOT-based cost controlling system's integrated architecture.Meanwhile,four main related objects are defined.


The aim of this report is to describe the different cytopathological aspects of two phases of evolution of a lipoma diagnosed at the Adílio dos Santos de Azevedo Veterinary Hospital of the Federal Institute of Paraíba. The case occurred in an elderly bitch with increased volume in the sternal region, with soft consistency and well delimited. Cytologically a lipoma was diagnosed. After seven months, the animal returned and the neoplasm underwent macroscopic evolutions, requiring another cytological evaluation, which verified cellular alterations presenting characters indicative of maturity failure and cited with caveats. The animal was submitted to complete surgical excision of the neoplasm for histopathological examination and confirmation of the diagnosis. It was verified that lipoma depending on the evolution phase may present different cellular aspects that should be carefully evaluated to avoid erroneous interpretations of characters that attribute degrees of malignancy.


Dermatology is the studyof skin, hair, andnails—the skin being the largest organ of the human body. With more than 2000 conditions included in the specialty of dermatology, unsurprisingly dermatological diseases are the most common presentations in general practice.1 Dermatology overlaps with most medical and surgical specialties because skin, hair, and nails can provide helpful clues to diagnoses in paediatrics, ophthalmology, plastic surgery, and ear, nose, and throat, as well as in psychiatry, given the massive psychological impact skin conditions can have on mental health. Medical students need to be competent in basic dermatological skills regardless of their future specialty.


In southern Sweden there is a maternal health care centre were there is a support group for adolescent mothers. The authors have been asked to evaluate this support group. The aim of the paper is to conduct a literature research on adolescent motherhood and to design a study protocol for the evaluation of the support group for teenage mothers. The study protocol is to prepare the evaluation of the support group for adolescent mothers. The method for the evaluation is Focus Group Discussion (FGD). In contrast to group interview, FGD is focusing on the interaction between the participants to generate data and not on the individual opinion. Informants will be chosen from the adolescent mothers participating in the support group. Adolescent mothers were struggling for identity and independence. Common traits among adolescent mothers were feelings of disrespect from authorities. Becoming an adolescent mother brought feelings of being trapped between the world of adults and the one of adolescents. Adolescent mother felt pressure from society related to being a good mother. Young mothers who shared the same experiences might strengthen and help each other. A teenage clinic was preferred before an ordinary clinic as adolescent mothers felt they were looked upon condescendingly by other pregnant women. Adolescent mothers believed that a support group would be appropriate for young mothers. According to the literature review a support group seems to be a great solution to help adolescent mothers cooping with the new situation and upcoming problems. Many studies have reviled that adolescent mothers strengthen each other and that the opportunity to socialize among peers is valuable. Future research of interest is to create frameworks for support groups and include them in the ordinary activities of maternal/child health care centres. The father's perception of being a parent is also of importance and would be interesting to investigate.


This study aims to identify and report the challenges issues and barriers faced by libraries to implement Linked Data (LD) technologies. It also highlights some misconception regarding linked open data among library community. It is a qualitative study based on literature review. Literature was searched from scholarly databases and Google scholar by using keyword searching. Articles were selected on the basis of relevancy with the topic. The findings identified technical issues such as ontologies development; use of multiple standards and languages along with legal issue of data protection and privacy of data. Some conceptual issues such as lack of awareness, scarce resources to train the practitioners, and issues of publishing data on web were also highlighted. The study is limited to the published literature as it didn't gather primary data for empirical evidences. This study will be helpful for library practitioners and policy makers to manage in forecasting the potential issues while adopting linked data technologies. Identification of issues before starting any project helps the stakeholders to work on the solutions to lesser the problems while working.


Analysis of an electric circuit in terms of element variables instead of loop currents involves the formulation of more equations, but their formulation is easier. Since calculators used by students in a classroom in recent times can solve a large system of equations with relative ease, one may not be concerned with such an increase.


We present measurements of the stopping power of 800-keV {sup 4}He ions channeled along the Si{l_angle}100{r_angle} axis, as a function of the incidence angle. We compare the experimental results with theoretical calculations by using the impact-parameter-dependent energy loss obtained from the solution of the time-dependent Schr{umlt o}dinger equation through the coupled-channel method. This nonperturbative calculation provides reliable energy-loss results which are in good agreement with the experimental results. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}


Objective To study the changes in ALP activity and collagen I expression in osteoblasts after mechanical strain stimulation. Methods MG 63 human osteoblasts were cultured, and exposed to mechanical strain using Flexercell Stretching Unit with different stimulation times. ALP activity and collagen I mRNA expression were detected by assay kit and RT PCR reaction. Results ALP activity was increased significantly after mechanical stimulation. The expression of collagen I was decreased in the period of 6 to 12 h, but increased during 24 to 48 h in strained cells. Conclusion This study suggest that mechanical strain may not only increased the ALP activity, but also alter the mRNA expression of collagen I in human osteoblasts.


The issue of signal selection in binary data transmission is presented. The question of the relative utility of linear frequency sweeping (LFS or chirp), compared to PSK and FSK, in terms of error probability and spectrum usage, is discussed. The transmission media considered are the coherent, partially coherent, Rayleigh, and Rician channel models. Theoretically, LFS has unconditionally superior characteristics in the partially coherent and fading cases, for certain ranges of channel conditions. This is due to the more negative values of cross-coherence parameters possible with the LFS signal set over the FSK signal set. For the fading channel, theoretical supremacy of LFS over FSK depends upon the specular-to-Rayleigh signal power ratio and the adjustability of in-phase cross coherence, with a constraint upon quadrature phase cross coherence. From a practical standpoint, coherent reception of the LFS signal set has severe limitations. These are manifested primarily in two aspects: the need for phase synchronization of a chirp signal set, and the fact that the optimum value of cross coherence is highly sensitive to synchronization channel signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and/or spectral-to-Rayleigh signal power ratio. The latter would require that modulation characteristics track the channel conditions in order to achieve the supremacy in performance theoretically predicted by optimization of the cross-coherence parameter in LFS.


This article describe s the availability of different mathematics teaching resources in pri mary classrooms in Latin America to determine whether it affect...


To a large extent the global financial crisis has much to do with liquidity and funding. Floating rate funding and short dated funding roll in particular have experienced unprecedented difficulties which caused sudden and large funding cost to otherwise routine funding operation of swap and derivative transactions and stressed out many financial institutions. This experience poses serious challenges to the fundamental assumption of unlimited, risk free funding underlying derivatives pricing theories and practice. This paper considers the impact of non-riskfree funding and bank's funding strategy on valuation of swap and derivatives, especially those with long tenors and funded by short term floating rate rolls. To maintain and enhance its liquidity position as well as credit quality, a bank has incentive to keep a portion of cash flow in cash and to fund its liability in senior unsecured form. Cash and non-cash earn different interest rates and are therefore asymmetric. The partition of cashflow to cash and non-cash constitutes the bank's funding strategy. We incorporate the funding asymmetry into cash flow balancing equation of the replicating portfolio. A funding charge can be computed under the same risk neutral pricing measure. As a by-product, a Black-Scholes type partial differential equation for credit default swap is also obtained. We apply the setup to the study of the negative swap spread phenomenon and show that a simple factor model of the risk free short rate and default intensity combined with asymmetric funding can adequately produce market observed 10 and 30 year US dollar negative swap spreads. Funding cost thus is a significant factor that prohibits banks and investors from arbitraging away the negative swap spread.


Abstract MAREK'S disease is a form of the avian leukosis complex which is manifested most frequently by enlarged nerves and tumors on gonads (Burmester and Witter, 1966). Although it had been thought that Marek's disease is caused by a virus only recently has good evidence for a specific virus been obtained (Churchill and Biggs, 1967; Nazerian et al., 1968). Progress has been made in selection for resistance to Marek's disease. Hutt and Cole (1957) found that, during the 18th to 20th year of their selection program, annual mortality from natural exposure to leukosis averaged 0.8% and 1.5% in resistant strains K and C respectively but 38.8% in a susceptible strain S. Most deaths resulted from neural lesions. Dickerson and Robertson (1967) have reported differences in susceptibility to Marek's disease among six strains of White Leghorns which had been inoculated at one day of age with infected ovarian tissue, including an incidence…


This paper introduces the research and development of 500 kV transmission line anti-ice coating painting robot.This robot hangs on the 4 splitting lines with two unique arms and wheels;it realizes the obstacle negotiation with a set of wheels and obstacle wheels;it brushes the coating with paint assembly;it realizes the reuse of power with a set of gasoline engine,the bettery,motor/generator,combination of the pump/air system.


Energy is one of the limited resources in a wireless sensor network (WSN), which inevitably results in the energy-hole phenomenon. One of the effective solutions is to deploy a certain number of relay nodes to alleviate the traffic load of sensor nodes. In this paper, the authors focus on the problem of relay node deployment in a layered network. By utilising a set of Gaussian distributions with different deviations in each layer, termed as group Gaussian distribution (GGD), this paper proposes a new relay node deployment strategy to balance energy consumption. Moreover, the energy consumption of each node and the energy-balance condition are analysed. And then, the actual requisite number of relay nodes and the standard deviations of Gaussian distributions in each layer are obtained. Both the theoretical analysis and the simulation results prove that the proposed deployment strategy significantly outperforms other node deployment schemes.


As the demand for clean, efficient and reliable supply of energy increases, the impact of substation grounding grid design parameters on safety performance of grounding systems, in power distribution networks, has become a critical aspect that has yet to be thoroughly examined. This paper investigates the influence of various grounding grid design parameters, such as the number of rods installed as well as the grid size and mesh layout density, on safety thresholds in scenarios where the soil exhibits both homogenous and non-homogeneous characteristics. The study aims to provide comprehensive data on how these design parameters correlate with impedance, touch and step voltages, and consequently evaluate the safety performance of the grounding systems of distribution substation. The findings of this research are meant to contribute to deepening the scientific literature concerning grounding grid design optimization, while ensuring compliance with safety standards and mitigation of risks associated with distribution substation operations.


Current binary sentiment classification has been focusing on improving the performance of classification, while the imbalance of sentiment data set in practical applications, which means the number of samples in one category is several folds of that of another category, is neglected. Most study on sentiment classification has been done on the balanced data, so these methods perform well on balanced data, while are unable to maintain the same performance on unbalanced data set. This paper proposed a method for unbalanced sentiment classification that combines unbalanced classification method and ensemble learning technique. Both algorithm and data set are considered to enhance the classification performance of imbalance sentiment data set. Under the framework of ensemble learning, this hybrid method integrates three different methods: under-sampling, bootstrap re-sampling and random feature selection to process the data set. Experiments on the unbalanced data set prove that this ensemble method can improve the classification performance of unbalanced sentiment data set.


Speculative science fiction,created by Edgar Allen Poe at the beginning of 19th century,blends technological speculation with adventurous stories.At the end of the 19th century,the genre became popular in England,and witnessed an unprecedented change,speculating more plausibly about contemporary theory,and covering a wider range of themes.The rise of the "New Wave" science fiction created by Morecock in the 1960s marked the end of the traditional English speculative science fiction.


Security investment trust fund law regulates that the custodian should.undertake dual-responsibility,that is,safekeeping,and supervising Since the custodion and the manager have the commont interest,they may conspire to do harm to investors in view of the game theory econometrics model.And the defect in the design of trust contract and the incapacity in factual dealings make the custodian malfuntion in case of supervision.It is vital to estabish the restrictive mechanism,though not by law punishmen.It is also necessary to consummate entrusted mechanism and benefit form the corporation fund prectice.


It is well-known that industrial robots are not very accurate. Robot calibration, which is one of the key techniques in robot off-line programming (OLP) as well as in robotics, is very helpful to increase the accuracy of robot motion. To solve the problem of base frame calibration for coordinated multi-robot systems, this paper proposes a simple and practical method, which is improved by three points calibration. It determines the base frame relationship for multi-robot systems. With laser sensors and a buzzer, the degree of accuracy has been enhanced. In order to integrate the process and the algorithm of the calibration method, a software has been developed. Experiment results have verified the validity and effectiveness of the proposed method.


An analysis is made of the steady-state width of an ice sheet whose base is below sea-level, whose basal temperatures are such that appreciable melting occurs at the base, and which is fringed by fastmoving ice streams that drain most of the outward ice flux. The fast ice velocities of the ice streams are considered to be a consequence of substantial subglacial water flow underneath the ice streams. The source of this water is the water melted from the base of the ice sheet which is diverted to flow beneath the ice streams. If the depth of the sea at the edge of the ice sheet is not a function of the width of the ice sheet, then an ice sheet with a steady-state width is in a situation of unstable equilibrium. Only if the sea-level depth at the edge of the ice sheet increases as a function of ice-sheet width at a rate greater than the 2/3rd power of the width can a stable, steady-state ice sheet exist. This condition (taking into account elastic rebound) is not satisfied for the West Antarctic ice sheet along an ice-flow path from the ice divide above Byrd station out to the Ross Sea. An increase of the mean precipitation, such as might occur under a C02-induced climatic warming, would cause growth of both stable or unstable steady-state ice sheets.


Part 1 Constrained minimization: preliminaries constrained minimization dual method minimizers with the least energy application of dual method multiple solutions of nonhomogeneous equation sets of constraints constrained minimization for Ff subcritical problem application to the p-Laplacian critical problem. Part 2 Applications of Lusternik-Schnirelman theory: Palais-Smale condition, case p not equal to q duality mapping Palais-Smale condition, case p=q the Lusternik-Schnirelman theory case p>q case p q set of constraints V application to a critical case p=n technical lemmas existence result for problem (3.34). Part 4 Potentials with covariance condition: preliminaries and constrained minimization dual method minimization subject to constraint V Sobol inequality mountain pass theorem and constrained minimization minimization problem for a system of equations. Part 5 Eigenvalues and level sets: level sets continuity and monotonicity of delta the differentiability properties of delta Schechters's version of the mountain pass theorem general condition for solvability of (5.11) properties of the function K(t) Hilbert space case application to elliptic equations. Part 6 Generalizations of the mountain pass theorem: version of a deformation lemma mountain pass alternative consequences of mountain pass alternative Hampwile alternative applicability of the mountain pass theorem mountain pass and Hampwile alternative. Part 7 Nondifferentiable functionals: concept of a generalized gradient generalized gradients in function spaces mountain pass theorem for locally Lipschitz functionals consequences of theorem 7.3.1 application to boundary value problems with discontinuous nonlinearity lower semicontinuous perturbation deformation lemma for functionals satisfying condition (L) application to variational inequalities. Part 8 Concentration-compactness principle - subcritical case: concentration-compactness principle at infinity - subcritical case constrained minimization - subcritical case constrained minimization b not equal const, subcritical case behaviour of the Palais-Smale sequences the exterior Dirichlet problem the Palais-Smale condition concentration-compactness principle 1. Part 9 Concentration-compactness principle - critical case: critical Sobolev exponent concentration-compactness principle 2 - loss of mass at infinity constrained minimization - critical case - Palais-Smale sequences in critica case symmetric solutions remarks on compact embeddings into L2*(Q) and L2*(R) appendix.


school-selecting system is the central topic for discussion in the reform of American education.Charter schools,voucher plan,magnet schools and home schools are the form of school-selecting system.In the article the author depictes evolvement and implementation and effect of school-selecting system by taking example for charter schools.It will be helpful to us.


Presented are simultaneously detected adsorption probability and He atom reflectivity measurements, respectively, of CO adsorbed on a hydrogen precovered Zn-ZnO surface. The results obtained are consistent with a simple site blocking mechanism as demonstrated by Monte Carlo simulations.


A case is presented of essential familial hypercholesterolemia with bone changes in the hands and feet, demonstrating their intraosseous origin. The author believes this to be the first case where evolving bone changes were followed from childhood.


This paper analyzes the causes of water wall tube leakage failure in circulating fluidized bed boiler. According to the results of chemical analysis, the water wall meets the technical requirements. The difference of pearlite spheroidization degree in different regions indicates that there are different degrees of overheating in each region. The energy spectrum analysis of the surface residue in the perforation area shows that the corrosion in the perforation area is related to scale deposition.


The extended band structures of as-cold-rolled high Cr steel sheets are recrystallisation-resistant, and tend to become aggregates of the so-called grain colonies as a partially recovered state after final annealing. Such band structures diminish formability and become origin of the so-called ridging. A novel processing will be shown here, which involves strain-path change by introducing one-pass ECAP prior to cold-rolling, and facilitates recrystallisation. Indeed, the recrystallisation temperature was reduced by 100℃, compared with cold-rolling alone imposing an equivalent strain. Grain- scale microshear bands introduced during one-pass ECAP perturbed the banded structures in post-ECAP cold-rolling and enhanced the recrystallisation at the final annealing.


Informal sector contributes 50 per cent of the national income and it contributes 40 per cent of the exports of the country. Among the informal sectors, handloom weavers are the significant communities and they continue to struggle for their livelihood despite the efforts of the governments, both the centre and the states, through their development programmes by building the skill of the weavers. Yet, these communities are strong in adhering to the age-old practices, as they are oriented in informal learning to acquire this skill to safeguard their livelihood security. Against this background, it is to be understood that the skilling process among weaving communities is highly problematic.


Two species of the family Amphilochidae were collected from shallow Korean waters. One of the species is new and is described as Hourstonius geojeensis. The morphology of the eyes, lateral cephalic lobe, mandibular palp and molar, antenna 1, gnathopod 2, pereopodal dactyls, epimeron, uropods and telson are the major characteristics which differentiate the new species from its congeners. The other species found, Paramphilochus parachelatus Ishimaru & Ikehara, 1986 is a new record for Korean waters, previously known from Japanese waters. Both species are fully illustrated and compared with related species. A key to north Pacific Hourstonius species is provided.


This study aims to provide empirical evidence, Factors - Factors affecting retrun Islamic stocks (study on stocks listed in JII (Jakarta Islamic index). Objects in this study is a company registered in the JII (Jakarta Islamix Index) in 2005 until 2010. The samples in this study were nine companies. The method used in the sampling is purposive sampling method. Statistical analysis tool used is multiple regression with a significance level. The results of the analysis said that earnings per share and return on investment have a significant and positive then hopotesis acceptable. While the debt to equity ratio and significant and positive effect of inflation, price-book value and the exchange rate is not significant then the hypothesis is rejected, firm size is not significant then the hypothesis is accepted. Keywords: Earnings per share, Retrun on investment, debt to equity ratio, price-book value, the size of the company, of inflation, exchange rates and stock returns sharia.


The purpose of this article is to study the specifics of the application of statistical methods to study the state and trends of international road transport in modern conditions. At the present stage of development of the world economy there are an internationalization of production in various industries and the growth of economic interdependence of economies of different countries. The globalization of economic processes in the world has a qualitative and quantitative impact on foreign economic activity. Application of statistical methods to assess the foreign economic activity of the transport company, which provide practical recommendations for the organization of continuous and selective statistical observations to obtain complete and timely information in conditions of socio – economic tension, high levels of dynamism and uncertainty of external and internal environment, closed border with COVID pandemic. It is defined, that the organization and conduct of statistical research of foreign economic activity of the transport company includes four consecutive interrelated stages. There is a relationship between the various stages of statistical research, which is determined by the sequence of their use, according to the conditions studied by the problems in the transport market, secondary processes, the use of which will allow specific and systematic research. The main indicators of Ukraine's foreign trade activity during the three quarters of 2020–2021, in particular, exports and imports of goods and services, has been analyzed. It was determined that in Ukraine's foreign trade there was an increase in exports over imports by 1 billion dollars USA (7.7%). This positive situation for Ukraine has led to a partial reduction in the negative balance of foreign trade in goods. The physical volume of exports of Ukrainian goods exceeds more than twice the physical volume of imported goods, because the structure of goods is mainly raw materials. A large amount of cargo cannot be transported by Ukrainian transport companies because of insufficient environmental permits for trucks to travel in foreign countries and the lack of a clear, well-established system of distribution, as result foreign forwarders enters to domestic market.


Abstract Fresh water samples from Po river (Northern Italy) were filtered and characterized by measuring the most important physico-chemical parameters. The samples were subsequently submitted to ultrafiltration to separate and fractionate the colloidal particle range from > 104 to < 103 M.W. Two different types of ultrafiltration cells were tested; they yielded quite different results due to systematic errors introduced when using the cell operating under pressure. It was found that the largest share of any metal considered was associated with the finest (< 103 M.W.) particle fraction. Correlation analysis applied to analytical data showed that manganese is associated to organic matter in the 103–104 M.W. particle fraction. Positive correlations existing between copper and Apparent Complexing Capacity (ACC) and between cadmium content and Total Organic Carbon (TOC) in the < 103 M.W. particle fraction were also discussed.


Determining the aging state of low-voltage nuclear power plant cables using a nondestructive and reliable condition monitoring technique is highly desirable as the cables experience multiple aging stresses during the service period. This paper deals with the implementation and investigation of such nondestructive techniques, which can detect the overall aging state of low-voltage instrumentation and control (I&C) cables, which are subjected to accelerated thermal aging. The dielectric spectroscopy, extended voltage response, and polarization–depolarization current as nondestructive electrical aging techniques were used for the investigation purpose, while the elongation at break was also adopted as a mechanical measurement and for comparison. Prominent variations in the electrical parameters for the insulation and jacket were observed, whereas the elongation at break for both materials also decreased under thermal aging. Based on the electrical techniques, aging markers were selected that showed a strong correlation with the aging and elongation at break, proving the ability of the adopted electrical methods as a nondestructive condition monitoring technique.


Lead-free piezoelectric ceramics based on barium titanate (BaTiO3) with substitution of Zr4+ were prepared using sol-gel method. The Ba(ZrxTi1-x)O3, (BZT) powders with x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 were pressed into pellets and sintered at 1250 °C for 2 h. Focusing on the effect of Zr4+ substitutions into BaTiO3 perovskite system, the phase transition and microstructural properties of BZT ceramics were studied using XRD, SEM and EDX spectroscopy. All X-ray diffractograms were fitted using Pawley refinement model. The XRD diffractograms revealed the progressive phase transition from tetragonal to cubic phase as Zr content increased. The crystallite exhibited decreasing trend and was supported by shrinkage in grain size. The EDX analysis confirmed the successful substitution of Ti4+ with Zr4+ in BaTiO3 crystal.


The colonialism has taken the Hesperian ego as the subject of the enlightenment and regarded oriental others as the object of enlightenment for quite a long time.The light of enlightenment comes from Hesperian"subjective ego",then emblazes"objective others".It treats other cultures with thought of control,domination,imposition,plunder and conquest.Treating other cultures with this thought,colonialism would sell,expand and export its view of value continually through means of economy and politics,and this inevitably becomes the cultural colonialism.


Now in paperback, this book provides an overview of the physics of condensed matter systems. Assuming a familiarity with the basics of quantum mechanics and statistical mechanics, the book establishes a general framework for describing condensed phases of matter, based on symmetries and conservation laws. It explores the role of spatial dimensionality and microscopic interactions in determining the nature of phase transitions, as well as discussing the structure and properties of materials with different symmetries. Particular attention is given to critical phenomena and renormalization group methods. The properties of liquids, liquid crystals, quasicrystals, crystalline solids, magnetically ordered systems and amorphous solids are investigated in terms of their symmetry, generalised rigidity, hydrodynamics and topological defect structure. In addition to serving as a course text, this book is an essential reference for students and researchers in physics, applied physics, chemistry, materials science and engineering, who are interested in modern condensed matter physics. This comprehensive textbook provides the fundamental concepts and methods of dissipative quantum mechanics and related issues in condensed matter physics starting from first principles. It deals with the phenomena and theory of decoherence, relaxation and dissipation in quantum mechanics that arise from the random exchange of energy with the environment. Major theoretical advances in combination with stunning experimental achievements and the arising perspective for quantum computing have brightened the field and brought it to the attention of the general community in natural sciences. Expertise in dissipative quantum mechanics is by now beneficial in a broad sphere.This book — originally published in 1992 and republished as enlarged and updated second, third and fourth edition in 1999, 2008, and 2012 — dives even deeper into the fundamental concepts, methods and applications of quantum dissipation. The fifth edition provides a selfcontained and updated account of the quantum mechanics and quantum statistics of open systems. The subject matter of the book has been thoroughly revised to better comply with the needs of newcomers and the demands of the advanced readership. Most of the chapters are rewritten to enhance clarity and topicality. Four new chapters covering recent developments in the field have been added. There are about 600 references. This book is intended for use by advanced undergraduate and graduate students in physics, and for researchers active in the field. They will find the monograph as a rich and stimulating source. This book is a pedagogical and systematic introduction to new concepts and quantum field theoretical methods in condensed matter physics, which may have an impact on our understanding of the origin of light, electrons and other elementary particles in the universe. Emphasis is on clear physical principles, while at the same time bringing students to the fore of today's research. Ever since 1911, the Solvay Conferences have shaped modern physics. The 24th edition chaired by Bertrand Halperin did not break the tradition. Held in October 2008, it gathered in Brussels most of the leading figures working on the ?quantum theory of condensed matter?, addressing some of the most profound open problems in the field. The proceedings contain the ?rapporteur talks? giving a broad overview with unique insights by distinguished renowned scientists. These lectures cover the five sessions treating: mesoscopic and disordered systems; exotic phases and quantum phase transitions in model systems; experimentally realized correlated-electron materials; quantum Hall systems, and one-dimensional systems; systems of ultra-cold atoms, and advanced computational methods. In the Solvay tradition, the proceedings include also the prepared comments to the rapporteur talks. The discussions among the participants ? some of which are quite lively and involving dramatically divergent points of view ? have been carefully edited and reproduced in full. This book is a course in modern quantum field theory as seen through the eyes of a theorist working in condensed matter physics. It contains a gentle introduction to the subject and therefore can be used even by graduate students. The introductory parts include a derivation of the path integral representation, Feynman diagrams and elements of the theory of metals including a discussion of Landau–Fermi liquid theory. In later chapters the discussion gradually turns to more advanced methods used in the theory of strongly correlated systems. The book contains a thorough exposition of such non-perturbative techniques as 1/N-expansion, bosonization (Abelian and non-Abelian), conformal field theory and theory of integrable systems. The book is intended for graduate students, postdoctoral associates and independent researchers working in condensed matter physics. The quantum theory of macroscopic systems is a vast, ever-developing area of science that serves to relate the properties of complex physical objects to those of their constituent particles. Its essential challenge is that of finding the conceptual structures needed for the description of the various states of organization of many-particle quantum systems. In this book, Geoffrey Sewell provides a new approach to the subject, based on a "macrostatistical mechanics," which contrasts sharply with the standard microscopic treatments of many-body problems. Sewell begins by presenting the operator algebraic framework for the theory. He then undertakes a macrostatistical treatment of both equilibrium and nonequilibrium thermodynamics, which yields a major new characterization of a complete set of thermodynamic variables and a nonlinear generalization of the Onsager theory. The remainder of the book focuses on ordered and chaotic structures that arise in some key areas of condensed matter physics. This includes a general derivation of superconductive electrodynamics from the assumptions of off-diagonal long-range order, gauge covariance, and thermodynamic stability, which avoids the enormous complications of the microscopic treatments. Sewell also unveils a theoretical framework for phase transitions far from thermal equilibrium. Throughout, the mathematics is kept clear without sacrificing rigor. Representing a coherent approach to the vast problem of the emergence of macroscopic phenomena from quantum mechanics, this well-written book is addressed to physicists, mathematicians, and other scientists interested in quantum theory, statistical physics, thermodynamics, and general questions of order and chaos. This book identifies opportunities, priorities, and challenges for the field of condensed-matter and materials physics. It highlights exciting recent scientific and technological developments and their societal impact and identifies outstanding questions for future research. Topics range from the science of modern technology to new materials and structures, novel quantum phenomena, nonequilibrium physics, soft condensed matter, and new experimental and computational tools. The book also addresses structural challenges for the field, including nurturing its intellectual vitality, maintaining a healthy mixture of large and small research facilities, improving the field's integration with other disciplines, and developing new ways for scientists in academia, government laboratories, and industry to work together. It will be of interest to scientists, educators, students, and policymakers. The aim of this book is to introduce a graduate student to selected concepts in condensed matter physics for which the language of field theory is ideally suited. The examples considered in this book are those of superfluidity for weakly interacting bosons, collinear magnetism, and superconductivity. Quantum phase transitions are also treated in the context of quantum dissipative junctions and interacting fermions constrained to one-dimensional position space. The style of presentation is sufficiently detailed and comprehensive that it only presumes familiarity with undergraduate physics. This book explores quantum field theory using the Feynman functional and diagrammatic techniques as foundations to apply Quantum Field Theory to a broad range of topics in physics. This book will be of interest not only to condensed matter physicists but physicists in a range of disciplines as the techniques explored apply to high-energy as well as soft matter physics. An accessible overview of the concepts and tools essential to the physics of materials, with applications, exercises, and color figures. Publisher Description Now updated—the leading single-volume introduction to solid state and soft condensed matter physics This Second Edition of the


Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) detection is one of the challenging topics in cyber defense realm. Detection of this type of attack in the early stages can be beneficial. In this paper, we propose an entropy-based detection framework using Support Vector Machine (SVM) classification algorithm to detect sources being used in DDoS attacks. This method can prevent Denial of Service (DoS) attack from proceeding in source devices which are involved in a DDoS botnet attack. By intercepting outgoing packets from an Android device, proposed framework extract packet features in a specific time window. Normal and abnormal network behavior of a user will be logged and analyzed using SVM algorithm. The obtained model will be used as a detection system for malicious activities.


Through analysis of historical listserv dialogue and traditional media dissection of a watershed debate—that a missile caused the TWA 800 crash on July 17, 1996—this study seeks to shed light on an early example of journalistic wariness and mistrust of the Internet as a news source. Specifically, we analyze the rhetoric of the late Pierre Salinger's connections to the historic incident, and the credibility of the Internet as a news source, as debated by professional journalists on the Internet and in mainstream media forums. A rhetorical analysis of how this debate was framed suggests that negative journalistic perceptions of the Internet's news credibility were already solidifying by the mid-1990s, and have continued to do so since that time.


In this study, the simultaneous effects of Al0.1Zr0.9O1.95 nanoparticles (NPs) and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) on the ion-conductivity of poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)-based separator were investigated. The ion-conductivity of PVDF/PVP/Al0.1Zr0.9O1.95 was optimized by using response surface methodology combined with central composite design. The Al0.1Zr0.9O1.95 as a nanofiller was synthesized by the sol–gel auto-combustion method. The PVDF/PVP/Al0.1Zr0.9O1.95 separators were prepared by phase inversion method. The properties and structure of optimal separator were compared with pure PVDF as a reference. The ion-conductivity of optimal separator has increased by 30.73% related to pure PVDF separator. The porosity and electrolyte uptakes of optimal separator were increased from 41% to 57% and from 246% to 384%, respectively, compared to the pure PVDF separator. Moreover, the optimal separator has a better anti-thermal shrinkage than pure PVDF separator over a wide temperature range. It is found that optimal separator (4.6 V) has a higher electrochemical stability window than pure PVDF separator (3.75 V). Also, compared with the pure PVDF separator, the optimal separator has a better discharge capacity. NPs were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive spectroscopy. The separators were investigated by XRD, surface and cross-section SEM, atomic force microscopy, and water contact angle.


In his seminal study of lexical decomposition of English verbs, McCawley (1968) proposes that predicates in causative sentences are semantically complex, which can be decomposed into some semantic primitives like CAUSE and BECOME. For example, according to his proposal, the English verb kill can be resolved into components as CAUSE, BECOME, NOT and ALIVE. Under this approach, the semantic primitive BECOME is analyzed as an independent syntactic category in the argument structure. Over the past few years in the generative framework, the structure of the predicate has become more and more articulated, first with VP shells (Larson 1988), then with the theory of light verbs (Chomsky 1995). In some sense, the predicate is seen to be made up of syntactic segments in the argument structure. The subparts of the predicate correspond to semantic subparts of an event. An independent syntactic category that corresponds to the semantic primitive (or known as 'eventuality predicate') BECOME, for instance, Y in (1), has been proposed by Stechow (1996), Huang (1997), Ritter and Rosen (2000), Travis (2000), Lin (2001), Baker (2003), among others, in a similar vein, although the exact nature of this category may vary in their analyses.


After being studied for years, aggressive intermediate turbine duct is being attempted to be applied in turbine design to further improve the engine-performance. With such design, the shaft could be shortened effectively. However, under the influence of the more distorted coming-flow and stronger pressure-gradient in a real engine, the flow field would be more complicated definitely. Besides that, the upstream-rotor tip-leakage flow is a key loss-source by inducing separation. Flow-control strategies are necessary in this situation. In this paper, the flow field in an aggressive duct has been analyzed to declare the source of separation primarily. Then wide-chord blade design concept has been adopted as a control strategy firstly to realize the purpose of improving the areo-performance. After being verified, numerical method has been used in this study. Under the same aero-condition, the prototype and the modified turbine are analyzed. With this novel flow-control strategy, separation has been improved, even diminished. However, the flow structures within the blade passage are altered correspondingly. An instrumental conclusion is that the pressure loss could be decreased successfully by designing the wide-chord blade specially.


Myeloid sarcoma within the central nervous system is a rare presentation of an infiltrative mass of immature myeloid cells. It is typically found in association with myeloid dysplastic syndrome, myeloproliferative disorder, or acute myeloid leukemia. Rarely, it can occur in the absence of these diseases.

 We present the case of 68-year-old female with worsening nausea and headaches. Brain MRI showed diffuse pachymeningeal enhancement with numerous nodular enhancing extra-axial masses overlying both cerebral hemispheres.

 Open biopsy of these masses showed gelatinous, hemorrhagic, brown tissue measuring 3.0 x 2.0 x 0.7 cm. Histologically, the specimen shows a diffuse polymorphous atypical myeloid proliferation consisting of all three cell lineages. There are nodules composed predominantly of large blastoid cells with 1 to 2 prominent oblong nucleoli, consistent with erythroblasts and early erythroid precursors. In between the nodules there are myeloid cells in different stages of maturation, including numerous eosinophilic precursors. Scattered megakaryocytes are also identified.
 Immunohistochemistry shows positivity for E-cadherin, CD235a and spectrin which highlight the immature erythroid cells. MPO, muramidase, and CD33 are positive in myeloid elements. Eosinophilic peroxidase highlights numerous eosinophilic precursors. CD34 is positive in the endothelial cells and very rare hematopoietic cells. CD20 and PAX 5 highlights B-cells, CD3 highlights T-cells, and CD4 highlights monocytic precursors, monocytes, histiocytes and a subset of T-cells.

 Additional work up at the time of biopsy including FLOW cytometry and bone marrow biopsies showed no evidence of hematologic pathology. In summary the histologic and immunohistochemical findings demonstrate a tumor composed of proliferating immature myeloid cells most consistent with myeloid sarcoma without any evidence of hematological disease.


In gauging the impact of Susan Kent's scholarship, we examine how a controlled ethnoarchaeological comparison of gender and subsistence in circumpolar societies may be used to reassess a bedrock concept of anthropology: the sexual division of labor. Much discourse on this topic is marred by an exclusionary tone. That is, the sexual division of labor is presented as a list of things women cannot do, should not do, or are prohibited from doing by men. Rather than accentuating the negative and proscriptive, comparative ethnoarchaeology suggests that positive contributions of labor specialization by both women and men merit reexamination.


Partial nucleotide sequences in the core region of the hepatitis C viral genome were determined by reverse transcription followed by polymerase chain reaction, in a patient with chronic hepatitis from South Africa. These nucleotide sequences showed a low degree of homology with known types of HCV: the degree of homology between the nucleotide sequences of these clones with HC‐J1, J4, J6, J7, Tr, and Eb‐1 were 86.1‐87.3%, 87.3‐87.9%, 83.0‐83.9%, 81.1‐82.0%, 81.0‐82.2%, and 82.8‐83.4%, respectively, and that the deduced amino acid sequence homologies between these clones and HC‐J1, J4, H6, J7, Tr, and Eb‐1 were 90.7‐91.6%, 89.7‐91.6%, 91.6‐93.5%, 90.7‐91.6%, 81.5‐82.4%, and 89.2‐90.2%, respectively. The nucleotide sequence homologies of these clones with HC‐J1, J4, J6, J7, Tr, and Eb‐1 were very low, compared to those between the same genotype. Further comparison using molecular evolutionary methods suggested that this sequence should be classified in a new genotype. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, inc.


I noted when I read the draft of Govinder et al.'s paper on equity indices that it equated equity with transformation, and delinked equity from development and performance. This draft version of the paper fell into the trap of a prevailing South African condition: using transformation as a code word for race. Furthermore, the formula used in the paper produced a result in which several of the most equitable institutions were those being run by a government-appointed administrator. By this, the authors implied their promotion of high equity, yet also regarded the existence of dysfunctional institutions as a given in their proposed model for the South African university system.


A wideband on-chip millimeter-wave patch antenna in 0.18 μm CMOS with a low-resistivity(10Ω·cm) silicon substrate is presented.The wideband is achieved by reducing the Q factor and exciting the high-order radiation modes with size optimization.The antenna uses an on-chip top layer metal as the patch and a probe station as the ground plane.The on-chip ground plane is connected to the probe station using the inner connection structure of the probe station for better performance.The simulated S11 is less than –10 dB over 46–95 GHz,which is well matched with the measured results over the available 40–67 GHz frequency range from our measurement equipment.A maximum gain of –5.55 dBi with 4% radiation efficiency at a 60 GHz point is also achieved based on Ansoft HFSS simulation.Compared with the current state-of-the-art devices,the presented antenna achieves a wider bandwidth and could be used in wideband millimeter-wave communication and image applications.


Abstract Background and aim: Family planning services are frequently used and important services for women of reproductive age. These services are crucial in enabling women to meet their fertility goals. Materials and methods : In a cross-sectional study, the exception s and perceptions of women who seeking care from health care center under the supervision of the Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences regarding family planning services were investigated using revised SERVQUAL questionnaire. Overall quality of service, satisfaction and willingness to come again also were measured as response variables. Findings: The mean age of sample was . years (SD= . ). . had at least years of education and . were employed. . of participants visited the health centers at least times. There was an overall negative gap score of - . between clients' expectations and perceptions in all dimensions of service quality (p< . ), showing that customer expectations of family planning services were not met. The mean score of quality of service, satisfaction and willingness to come again were . , . , and . of respectively. Conclusion: This study showed that patients were relatively satisfied by the quality of the family planning services provided by health care centers, although the system's performance fell short of their expectations. Planning and implementation of proper intervention in diverse dimension of service quality can lead to clients' satisfaction and service quality improvement. Keywords: Gap, Service Quality, Family Planning, Satisfaction, Health care center


In this paper, we propose an efficient simulation technique for the finite cavity-backed antenna arrays. The proposed method is based on the finite element-boundary integral (FE-BI) method accelerated by the adaptive integral method (AIM). The finite element method (FEM) enables the modeling of anisotropic, inhomogeneous materials inside the cavity, while AIM is introduced for the efficient calculation of the time-consuming boundary integrals at the cavity aperture. The coaxial feeds at the bottom of the cavity are modeled accurately using the eigenfunction expansion (EE) method. Numerical examples are presented to show the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed simulation method


This paper describes the study, by use of hydraulic models, of two types of short river intakes associated with concrete volute pumps. The intakes, arranged at 90 degrees to the river operate with river flow velocities up to 1.67 metres/second. To better quantify flow conditions, a five - hole probe was manufactured, calibrated and utilized to measure point velocity vectors in the models. The study found that intake flow straighteners were necessary to limit velocity variations and swirl to acceptable levels at the pump impeller eye. The acceptability criteria adopted by the authors for variation about the model control velocity was 7 percent and for swirl 3 degrees. Flow dynamics were observed and compared for both intakes modelled. The intakes model led confirmed that concrete volute pumps could be utilised in this unique application.


The different features of eastern and western dances are formed because of the difference between eastern and western cultures.As to stage image, western ballet is a dance of"space"while Chinese dance is of"time".That is to say, Chinese dancers strive for curved, round and twisted figure, and tend to stamp on the earth, whereas westerners pursue to stretch out tight, extending limbs and bounce to leave the earth. The difference of form and ideology between eastern and western dances is a historical result of the difference in eastern and western geography, economy, culture, etc. Different histories forge different cultures of body. We may tell western ballet of bouncing, stretching and going up from eastern (Chinese) dance of dancing, reserved and pointing to the earth when we see the standing Christ and the sitting Buddha, and church towering aloft and temple prone on a hill respectively.


Based on Lactococcus lactis metabolic pathway,the standardized reaction rate equations of the metabolites could be created automatically,and system model was builded.At the situation of assuming parameters,the varied curves of metabolites concentration was computed,the metabolic process of Lactococcus lactis was quantified.The results showed that 1)when the enzyme concentration was enough,the different initial value of glucose didn't influence the time that reaction reached balance and the occurrence of the extremum;2)the revised model could apply to mutative strain,then could provide guidance of selecting strain,the complicacy and blindness of experiments can be reduced.