This white paper offers cautionary observations about the planning and development of new, large radio astronomy instruments. Complexity is a strong cost driver so every effort should be made to assign differing science requirements to different instruments and probably different sites. The appeal of shared resources is generally not realized in practice and can often be counterproductive. Instrument optimization is much more difficult with longer lists of requirements, and the development process is longer and less efficient. More complex instruments are necessarily further behind the technology state of the art because of longer development times. Including technology R&D in the construction phase of projects is a growing trend that leads to higher risks, cost overruns, schedule delays, and project de-scoping. There are no technology breakthroughs just over the horizon that will suddenly bring down the cost of collecting area. Advances come largely through careful attention to detail in the adoption of new technology provided by industry and the commercial market. Radio astronomy instrumentation has a very bright future, but a vigorous long-term R&D program not tied directly to specific projects needs to be restored, fostered, and preserved.


•Aura – should < 60min duration Treatment •AcuteNSAID +/Domperidone 10mg (noting MHRA guidance). Triptans Limit analgesics/triptans to 2 days /week) •Preventativepropranolol up to 40mg tds (if no asthma) or amitriptyline up to 1mg/kg/day Cluster Headache Diagnosis: •1-8 attacks/day •Severe, unilateral pain lasting 15-180 mins with one of : ipsilateral lacrimation, conjunctival injection, nasal congestion/rhinorrhoea, ptosis, flushing. •Agitation or restlessness


The present invention discloses five worldwide interoperability for microwave access network system architecture, the network architecture includes a media access control and physical layer module, a radio resource management module and a gateway module; The present invention also discloses a WiMAX system the method of access to a core network, the method comprising the following steps: first, the end user station / mobile station sends a service request; and a WiMAX access network system according to the service request for establishing dedicated physical user station / mobile station is connected and service connection, and establish a user plane for transmitting traffic data instance; a core network and a WiMAX access network system through an interactive connection is established is determined. The present invention can achieve the object of the WiMAX core network access system.


The focus of this research was to examine a novel method for calibrating natural gas flow meters. This new method can accommodate very large flow rates and it avoids common problems associated with current meter proving techniques. In this method, the amount of gas accumulated in a vessel of fixed. volume is determined by measuring the change in capacitance of the vessel with respect to time. Because the accumulator has a fixed volume, the problems inherent with the mechanical motions involved in volumetric provers such as bell provers and piston provers are eliminated. Accurate measurements can also be made in larger vessels than would be feasible for gravimetric provers, especially for in situ calibrations.


A sexual dichotomy marks many if not all species. Humans, being human, express many of the differences in linguistic codes or messages. In the Indo-European family, this interface between social reality and verbal expression is a matter that was formally recognized at least by the time of the Greeks, as illustrated by Gregersen in this volume. More recently, the latest form of feminism has brought the interface front and center. One attempt to resolve some of the problems raised by feminist issues was published in McGraw Hill's 1974 guidelines for equal treatment of the sexes. Extremes in the range of responses were printed in Letters to the New York Times (1974). Implicit in them are attitudes to whether English is a sexist language or not, and if so, whether reform is possible. One pole was represented by a female instructor in architecture at Pratt Institute (Mimi Lobell):


This cross-sectional study investigates the association between redlining and behavioral health specialist supply in 2 mental health professional shortage areas.


The design and principle of a self\|adaptive fuse system are presented in this paper. Because the system can adapt to some uncertain fight conditions and parameters, it can precisely recognize target and realize the biggest destructivity of fight part with the best way, at the best time and the best distance. Some key problems in the system designing are analysed, including small field of view probing way of three branches, accurately taking of light signal criterion time, anti\|jamming of ocean wave and recognizing the situation of ocean surface. The scheme diagram and software flow chart are also presented. All parameters of the system reach the designing requirement and are verified in the test.


Resenha do livro: RUIN, H. Being with the Dead: Burial, Ancestral Politics, and the Roots of Historical Consciousness. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 2018.


Phantom measurements of resolution and dosimetry of 0.1 mm microfocus spot magnification mammography and 0.3 mm grid technique using different film-screen systems form the basis of this study. The diagnostic efficiency of spot views with these methods is evaluated according to the detection and analysis of microcalcifications, and the assessment of tumor margins.


For a chemical reaction to occur, molecules in the gas phase must collide with each other in the correct orientation and with enough energy to break the bonds in the reactants and form the bonds for the product. The minimum amount of energy required for a reaction to occur is the activation energy, Ea. This energy barrier is characteristic for every reaction but the higher the activation energy, the slower the reaction rate [5]. However as the temperature of the conditions in which the reaction is run under increases, the kinetic energy of the molecules of the reactants increases causing more collisions to occur. This increases the ratio of molecules with kinetic energies greater than the activation energy, pushing the reaction rate faster [5]. The rate of a reaction not only depends on the temperature and activation energy, but the frequency of molecule collisions and a rate constant, k. Essentially k is the number of collisions of molecules that will result in a reaction per second at a given temperature. The rate constant is unique to a reaction at a given temperature and does not depend of the concentrations of the reactants; it changes only with temperature and in the presence of a catalyst. Derived from the rate law of a reaction, the Arrhenius equation [1,5,8] relates each of these factors, where T is the temperature of the reaction conditions in Kelvin, R is the gas constant equal to 8.314 J/(mol K), and A is the frequency factor:


In this investigation boron phosphate catalyst was used for ammonolysis of methyl and ethyl esters of salicylic and 4-hydroxybenzoic acids. It was shown that ammonolysis of methyl and ethyl esters of salicylic and 4-hydroxybenzoic acids in presence of boron phosphate catalyst at a ratio of 3-7 moles of ammonia per mole of ester in a contact time of 1-5 sec at 380-400/sub 0/ can be used for obtaining o- and p- hydroxybenzonitriles in yields of over 90% of the theoretical.


We report a case of multiple asymptomatic pancreatic endocrine tumors arised in the extrapancreatic tissues. A 51-year-old woman came to our hospital with presense of abdominal tumor. The laboratory data revealed no abnormal findings. Imaging diagnosis using CT, US and MRI revealed a 10×10cm tumor located at the right side of the SMV, and a 4×4cm tumor located at the left side of that. We suspected multiple sarcomas that were primary origin of mesenterium. The patient underwent operation and the tumors were removed without resection of pancreatic tissue. She was still alive 18 months after operation with no recurrent tumor. Microscopic and immunocytochemical examination showed gastrin producting pancreatic endocrine tumors. This case is so rare that it comes to the third report in Japan as to multiple asymptomatic (gastrin producing) pancreatic endocrine tumors, or the second one as to that arised in the extrapancreatic tissues.


Using the fishing records from the most relevant ports of the Cantabrian and Galician coasts the history of the anchovy fishery in this area is reconstituted . The crisis observed and the variations in the fishing areas throughout the time are analysed. Since the mid sixties a reduction in the fishing area is noticeable due to the almost complete disappearance of the species from the western part of the Cantabrian Sea and from Galician coasts. An estimation of the age classes composition in the catches founded on commercial classification data can be made. Previously the absence of significant variations in the age-length relationship for a period of time which was considered sufficient was proved. The hypothesis of the existence of a core population in the Southern part of the Bay of Biscay is presented and that only under certain advanta geous conditions the expansion of this species throughout all the Cantabrian Sea was possible.


The series active voltage quality regulator is a new power electronic equipment designed to mitigate the voltage disturbance in forms of voltage swell, voltage sag, distorted voltage waveforms, harmonics, transient interruption, frequency deviation on sensitive loads. Performance of the series active voltage quality regulator in improving the quality of power supply is examined. It is shown that the existing open-loop control strategy used in the series active voltage quality regulator to regulate load voltage can produce poorly damped response due to the presence of the switching harmonic filter in the regulator. Also, the load voltage feedback method called closed-loop control is still inadequate because the bad load regulating characteristic and the poor dynamic response. In order to improve the performance, a composite control method that combined feed-forward of source voltage and feed-back of load voltage is proposed in this paper. Furthermore, this paper firstly presents two criterions that should be satisfied when the load voltage is properly tracking the reference voltage for active voltage quality regulator. Aimed at these two criterions, three control methods are comparative analyzed in detail. Through comparative analysis, the proposed scheme is verified to be better than the previous methods. At last, the validity and effectiveness of the proposed control scheme are verified by the computer simulation and laboratory experimental results.


This paper summarizes the influence of derrick operating system,BOP and X-mas tree handling system,riser handling system,riser tensioning system,drill string compensating system and high pressure mud system on main dimension,capacity and layout of deep water semi-submersible drilling unit.


In October 1999, MTA New York City Transit received delivery of its prototype Bus Simulator at the APTA Expo in Orlando, Florida. This simulator is the first of its kind to employ fully interactive computer graphics in a 360-degree wrap-around computer-generated environment. The initial development of the prototype took into consideration its application and affordability to the transit industry as a whole. This paper describes ongoing efforts by New York City Transit, APTA, and other transit agencies and industry representatives to further development of equipment and standards for bus simulators.


An image database file TOBIKOBACHI based on the Japanese Encyrtid wasp collection ofDr. T. Tachikawa is reconstructed and open to the public via the Internet. Each record is composed of 16 items as follows: scientific names (family, genus and species), Japanese name, distribution data, type locality, type depository, source of the original description, synonymy, flying season, hosts, parasites, references, notes and images. The images include various parts ofthe body, such as the general habitus, head, antenna, mandible, scutellum, wings, stigmal vein and genitalia. A home page ofthe TOBIKOBACHI is presented. It is administered by a SIGMA management system.


Interpretation of an aeromagnetic survey flown during 1964 suggests that the pre-Tertiary magnetic basement under Dixie Valley, Nevada, forms an asymmetric composite graben whose inner block is approximately 5 km wide and lies under the western half of the valley at an average depth of 1.9 km. Steplike 'shelf' blocks bordering the narrow inner graben are also downthrown with respect to adjacent ranges, but to a lesser degree; the western shelf is approximately 300 meters below the surface, whereas the eastern conjugate block lies about 500 meters below the surface. The average depth of valley fill across the composite graben is approximately 765 meters. Depth estimates imply, in addition, that the eastern shelf block is broken by several NW-trending transverse faults of 300- to 600-meters displacement. The magnetic expression of contacts between a Jurassic gabbroic complex and other basement rocks can be traced across both northern and southern Dixie Valley. An absence of appreciable horizontal offset of this contact across most of the major Basin-Range faults indicates that post-Jurassic displacements have been primarily dip-slip. An apparent right lateral offset of 2–3 km may exist along the eastern side of the deepest graben block, however. Models computed from anomalies over the southern gabbro contact tend to verify earlier geologic inferences that this intrabasement complex is of lopolithic form. The apparent northward displacement of the gabbro outcrops and contact in the Clan Alpine Range from the subsurface position of gabbroic basement in eastern Dixie Valley may reflect an uplift of the range, relative to the valley block, with subsequent erosional stripping of the tapered lopolith. Satisfactory alternative solutions of an equidimensional anomaly in southeastern Dixie Valley are either a volcanic cone or an equidimensional volcanic remnant. Both computational models overlie the gabbroic complex and require a high total magnetization.


This work was performed in order to reduce unit costs in drilling and blasting optimizing
maintenance drill 45mm, 102mm rimadoras and consumption of explosives in development work
performed by the company in CMH CONMICIV S.A.C S.A. For the study we used consumption
data bits, rhyming and explosives for the months of June and July without optimizing the use
(before) and the months of August, September and October optimizing the use (after). In which
the drill bit before and rhyming 45mm 102 Sandvik had been presenting performance 181m / drill
10% below the useful life and 172m / rhyming, 14% below the life given by the supplier Sandvik
(200m) to this mine. Generating an average cost of $ 162.5 drilling / m being greater in $ / m 3.8
more drilling unit price ($ 158.7 / m), making sharpening was reached $ 156 / m this $ 6.5 / m
less than Initial cost. In blasting before had an average cost of $ 106.7 / m, $ / m 2.8 more than
PU blasting ($ 103.9 / m) after applying control consumption explosive it was reached to cost
blasting of 96.6 $ / This $ 10.1 m / m less than initial cost. For this research the descriptive
analytical scientific method is applied in the first phase was analyzed and defined the problem of
high cost of drilling and blasting, with the data output bits 45mm, rhyming 102mm and quantities
of explosive used in the months June and July, allowed to observe the behavior of the cost of the
unit operations in two months. In the optimization phase and measurement data for the months of
August, September and October it was used, we measure costs after implementation of performing
maintenance sharpening drills and improved consumption of explosives. Analysis, brainstorming
and improvement plan and actions to take to reduce the cost of drilling and blasting was then
performed. On the Improvement phase, theoretical supervisors (foremen and guard), assistants
and teachers of mine (boots) trainings were conducted. Generating savings of $ 6770.2 drilling /
three months and $ 11137.7 / three months.


Objective: This study aimed to compare total and regional estimates of body composition, by direct and indirect techniques, for the optimal prediction of C‐reactive protein (CRP) among young (aged 9‐12 years) Hispanic girls (N = 232).


Environmentally benign natural refrigerants have recently attracted considerable attention due to refrigerant contributions to ozone depletion and global warming. In India, about 80% of the domestic refrigerators use R134a as refrigerant due to its excellent thermodynamic and thermo physical properties. But R134a has high GWP of 1430. The higher GWP due to R134a emissions from domestic refrigerators leads to identifying a long term alternative to meet the requirements of system performance, refrigerant-lubricant interaction, energy efficiency, environmental impacts, safety and service. In the group of natural refrigerants, hydrocarbons are most closely related to the HFCs. In addition to their zero ODP and very low GWP, they are compatible with common materials found in refrigerating systems. Therefore, in this study, a performance of R290 and R600a mixtures (80/20, 70/30, 60/40 and 50/50 proportion by mass, designated by RM1, RM2, RM3 and RM4, respectively) in a vapour compression refrigeration system is conducted by the thermodynamic calculation of performance parameters. The results show that the mixtures exhibit higher refrigerating effects than R134a. All the mixtures, except RM1, exhibited a low discharge pressure, which is more desirable in refrigeration systems. The COPs of the mixtures were close to that of R134a with the advantage of higher values. Generally, the overall performance of the selected mixtures was better than that of R134a. The performance of RM4 was the best in terms of low compressor work and discharge pressure, and high COP, at varying evaporating temperatures.


This paper describes the gradual formation of the metamodel of the REA model level of the REA enterprise ontology. The paper aims to create a basic structure that allows creating valid models of the ontology. The first part of the paper discusses the identification of the elements used as a basis for the metamodel and their relationships. The second part describes the creation of the metamodel itself. This metamodel serves as the fundament for creating domain-specific modelling tool and can be used as a basis for an information system based on the REA enterprise ontology.


Introduction This document discusses techniques and methods that are important for the definition of the architecture for the UseT work package in the Cactus Impulse project [Lagendijk02]. We hope that the contents suffice to enable other UseT participants to understand and participate in architecture discussions. Numerous areas are important for UseT: personal call assistant systems, electronic assistants, language technology, context awareness, intelligent agents, action planning, trust, consistency and security. In this report we restrict ourselves to the sensing part of the i-DEA, and exclude issues within the i-DEA itself and the actions that the i-DEA can take. It will take another report to elaborate on issues inside the iDEA.


A simple, E-shaped slot loaded wideband microstrip patch antenna with square shaped parasitic element is presented in this paper. The antenna is printed on a dielectric substrate, and directly fed from a 50 Ω microstrip line. Using IE3D software package of Zeland, according to the set size, the antenna is simulated. The composite effect of integrating these techniques and by introducing the E-shaped slotted patch offers a low profile, wide bandwidth, and compact antenna element. The computer simulation results show that the antenna can realize wide band characters. With adjusted parameters, it exhibits a broad impedance bandwidth (VSWR ≤ 2) of about 96.94% (1.35 GHz-3.89 GHz). The proposed antenna can be used in the UMTS (1.92-2.17 GHz), Wi-max (2.2-3.4 GHz), WLAN (2.40-2.48 GHz), and UMTS II (2.50-2.69 GHz) frequency bands.


BACKGROUND
During its clinical practice, the dentist is often faced with issues concerning the determination of teeth shade. This step is considered sensitive by numerous clinicians and dental laboratories. The objective of this study was to test the ability of professional dentists to visually determine the teeth color.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
Eleven dentists classified 35 unmarked samples according to their hue, chroma and value from 2 standardized tooth shade guides Ivoclar-Vivadent (Chromascop) et Vita (3D Master). The ratio between the number of matching samples and the total amount of samples from each group was calculated and converted to a score between 0 and 10.

RESULTS
Better scores were obtained for value and chroma with the 3D Master shade guide than with the Chromascop shade guide (p < 0.001). The opposite result was obtained for the hue (p < 0.05). Globally, better results were obtained for the value and chroma, the hue being the most difficult item to evaluate. A satisfying "color perception" was observed in 69% of the cases.

CONCLUSION
The results of this study argue in favor of a specific training for tooth shade determination in Odontology.


Resistance factors were developed for use as a part of the implementation of the Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) method of driven piles' axial capacity. Resistance factors were calibrated in the framework of reliability theory utilizing pile load test data available from North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT). Resistance statistics were evaluated for each data case in terms of bias factors. Reliability analyses on the current practice of pile foundation design by the Vesic, Meyerhof, and Nordlund methods were performed to evaluate the level of safety and to select target reliability indexes. Two types of First Order Reliability Method, Mean Value First Order Second Moment method and Advanced First Order Second Moment method, were employed for the reliability analysis and the calibration of the resistance factors. Recommended resistance factors for the three design methods (Vesic, Meyerhof, and Nordlund) are presented for the target reliability indexes of 2.0 and 2.5. Seven design categories for which the resistance factors are recommended are coastal concrete square pile with N@Toe 40, coastal steel HP pile, coastal steel pipe pile, coastal concrete cylinder pile, piedmont concrete square pile, and piedmont steel HP pile. The resistance factors were calibrated separately for total, skin and toe capacities in an attempt to develop a correlation between the three resistance factors for each design category. In many cases, however, the resistance factor for total capacity is larger than both the skin and toe resistance factors and only total capacity factors are recommended. The resistance factors developed and recommended from this research are specific for the distinct soil types of North Carolina and for the unique practice of pile foundation design in the NCDOT.


A linear model for estimating the size of a closed population is developed that will accommodate both dependent samples and heterogeneity of capture in multiple recapture sampling studies. Model parameters are estimated under exact and stochastic linear constraints and a Wald statistic is defined for evaluating constraints on model parameters and subpopulation sizes. Applications to survey research and experimental psychology are discussed.


We study the short-periodic component of stellar activity with a cycle period of P cyc < 10 3 ?> days using the Kepler mission photometry of fast-rotating ( 1 < P < 4 ?> days) stars with spectra of M4V to F3V. Applying the originally developed two non-spectral methods, we measured the effective period of stellar cycles in 462 objects. The obtained results are in accordance with previous measurements by Vida et al. and do not seem to result from a beating effect. The performed measurements of Pcyc cluster in a specific branch that covers the previously unstudied region in the Saar & Brandenburg diagram and connects the branch of inactive stars with the area populated by super-active objects. It is shown that the formation of the discovered branch is due to the α-quenching effect, which saturates the magnetic dynamo and decreases the cycle periods with the increase of the inverted Rossby number. This finding is important in the context of the discussion on catastrophic quenching and other heuristic approximations of the nonlinear α-effect.


An on-line monitor for electrical faults in the Stator of an ac motor has a Single di/dt current transformer or three Separate di/dt current transformers coupled to the three phase con ductors of the ac Supply. The windings of the transformer, or transformers, are Selected to generate a Single Sensed signal containing a linear combination of components of current in the three phase conductors weighted relatively So that alge braic differences between components from any two phase conductors is non-Zero, Such as preferably 2A+B-C or 3A+2B+C. The Single Sensed current Signal is bandpass filtered to generate a pulse Signal which is applied to an analyzer. The analyzer, preferably implemented by a microcontroller, generates an output based upon a combi nation of the amplitude and frequency of occurrence of the current pulse Signal including a time attenuated accumula tion of the pulses. A similar pulse signal is generated from a single Sensed Voltage Signal and compared to the pulse Signal generated from the current Sensor to Verify that the detected events originate in the motor and not from upstream in the ac Supply. The monitor is coupled to the phase conductors between the local disconnect Switch and the motor, and preferably, is mounted in the disconnect housing.


Some pus from the liver was stained by Gram's method and in eosin, and numerous typical actinomycetes with interlacing filaments were found. Sections taken from the liver substance in the neighbourhood of the abscess were also stained with a similar result. The pelvic organs had been kept since the operation, and an examination of the pus in the left ovary demonstrated many streptotrichiae. The substance of the organ, however, yielded no organisms although it was thoroughly searched. The right ovary and the tubes were also examined with a negative result.


This study describes the formulation and decision-making process related to the Spanish Parliament on the reconciliation between work and family. In this article, all the parliamentary initiatives by Deputies on this issue in the VI, VII and VIII Legislatures (1996-2008) are content analysed. After reporting the treatment of the subject, the ratio of work and family reconciliation initiatives compared to other issues is calculated by months, years and legislatures. An analysis is also done of who proposes reconciliation initiatives, whether they belong to the government or the opposition, or if they are male or female («odds ratio» [OR] confidence interval [CI] of 95% and statistically significant [MantelHaenszel method)]. We conclude that in Spain, in the VI and VII legislatures, a cycle of political attention on the difficulty of the reconciliation between work and family began. During the VIII legislature, the concept was refocused on «conciliation for equality» (and was the moment of the highest parliamentary visibility on the issue). However, from 2008 on, parliamentary interest in this issue declines.


Applications of Information System (IS) have been instrumental in achieving Customer Relationship Management (CRM). Decision Support Systems (DSS) is an IS application that aids in decision making processes for many business concepts and CRM is one of them. CRM depends on firm's tasks for developing and retaining customers while achieving their satisfaction and enhancing sense of belongingness for their products and services. Profit maximization, process of customer value and building strategic values for the firm are the three empirical benefits of CRM that are achieved through analytical, operational, and direction capabilities respectively. This research focus on applications of DSS models for CRM at analytical, operational and directional level (AOD). Three online retail firms of KSA are referred as data source for the analysis of CRM by DSS models. The research determined how a customer-oriented firm uses DSS to attain CRM and profitability at three levels namely; Analytical, Operational and Strategic.


Confrontation of national historical memory and role The article deals with the topic of interaction between a live role-playing game and the personal historical memory of the participant. It provides a short general introduction to live role-playing games, then presents a specific game (Legion: Siberian Story) and observes its influence on the participants. The article also delineates the limits of this influence and provides specific examples of situations where the game can overshadow previous preconceptions of the participants, and also gives a more detailed overview of a situation where it cannot.


A 52-year-old diabetic Indian man presented with a 2-week history of headache and fever. He had no evidence of meningism. There was mild polymorph leucocytosis and raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate of 113 mm/h. Other investigations, including tests for human immunodeficiency virus and immunoglobulins, yielded negative or normal results. Initial skull X-ray and brain …


A pot culture experiment was conducted during the pre-kharif season of 2008 and 2009 to find out the nodulation, yield and quality of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in response to biofertilizers and homobrassinolide. The experiment was laid out in compete randomized design (CRD) with four levels of biofertilizers [no inoculation, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae, phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) + vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM)] and two levels of homobrassinolides spraying [flowering and (flowering + pegging stage)]. Results revealed that inoculation of biofertilizers significantly improved nodulation and yield attributes like number of pods plant−1, number of kernels plant−1, kernel yield and oil content. Among the biofertilizers, combined inoculation of PSB + VAM resulted in 113.77, 51.81 and 31.21% higher kernel yield in first year and 114.60, 53.68 and 26.21% in second year over no inoculation, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae, respectively. With increase in levels of spraying of homobrassinolide, increased growth and productivity of hybrid was observed. Spraying of homo-brassinolide at flowering+pegging stages gave 29.74% higher kernel yield in first year and 43.43% in second year than application of homo-brassinolide at flowering alone.


The American Marketing Association is growing at a healthy rate. Most of its members are businessmen, engaged in the marketing of industrial and consumer goods; and the most common occupational function is marketing research, although this function accounts for less than half the membership.


Clinical Consciousness A Developmental Perspective on Clinical Consciousness A Critical Examination of Clinial Consciousness The Case Methods of Law, Medicine, and Business The Case Method in Teacher Education The Use of Narratives and Theoretical Perspectives Examples of Case Material.


We selected 115 extremely red objects (EROs) from deep Hubble Space Telescope (HST) WFPC2 archive data combined with ground-based K-band images, with (F814W-Ks) ≥ 4, K-band signal-to-noise ratio ≥5, and a median limiting Ks magnitude of ~18.7, over a corresponding area of 228 arcmin2, for a morphological study of the ERO galaxy population. The survey covered a total of ~409 arcmin2 over 77 separate WFPC2 fields. This is the first complete sample of bright EROs with high-resolution HST morphologies. From a visual morphological classification, we find that 30% ± 5% of our (F814W-Ks) ≥ 4 selected sample have morphologies consistent with a pure bulge or bulge-dominated galaxy (equivalent to E/S0), while disks comprise 64% ± 7% of the sample. Only 6% of the EROs remained unclassifiable. Mergers or strongly interacting systems, which includes sources from both classes, make up 17% ± 4% of the full sample. The quantitative Medium Deep Survey profile fitting is consistent with these results. These results highlight the complex nature of optical/near-IR color selected EROs. The dominant component of our sample is composed of disks, not spheroids or strongly interacting systems like HR 10. Using Bruzual & Charlot spectral energy distribution models, we investigated population differences in EROs selected by their (I-K) versus (R-K) colors and found that I-band based surveys preferentially select systems with prolonged star formation. Real differences in the surface densities of EROs in R-band and I-band based survey may reflect this color selection effect, complicating the comparisons between and interpretations on the nature of the ERO population. We conclude that only a small fraction of EROs at z ~ 1-2 could be passively evolving elliptical galaxies formed at high redshift through a "monolithic collapse" mechanism. For the majority of EROs, even if most of their stellar mass is already in place at z ~ 1, interaction with the environment and accretion of gas still play important roles in their continuing evolution.


Real-time object detection technology is a key technology for USVs to perceive the environment. Accurately and quickly detecting the position and type of ship targets in images is the basis for intelligent navigation of USVs. In 2021, the YOLOR (You Only Learn One Representation) model outperformed all other real-time object detection models on the COCO dataset. The YOLOR model is a multi-task model obtained by adding implicit knowledge modeling on the basis of YOLOv4-csp (You Only Look Once version 4 -csp) and modifying the first CSPDark layer of YOLOv4-csp to a Dark layer, reducing the amount of computation by 40%. However, implicit knowledge modeling only adds less than ten thousand parameters and computation. In this paper, we trained four models using the public marine ship dataset Seaships (7000), investigate the effect of the YOLOR model on real-time ship object detection, and demonstrated that implicit knowledge modeling can significantly increase the model's detection accuracy. The experimental results indicate that of the model with implicit knowledge modeling is 96.7, and is 71.2%, which is 3.5% and 24.3% higher than the YOLOv4-csp model, respectively. Additionally, we discovered that implicit knowledge modeling significantly improves model detection accuracy at medium and low resolutions ( and ), but not at high resolutions ().


The present invention provides an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing transmission system downlink energy passive optical network comprising an optical line terminal, and the feeder optical fiber passive optical network system; passive optical network system includes a remote node, the distributed and an optical fiber network unit. The optical line terminal is connected to the remote node through the feeder optical fiber, each node is connected to the distal end of the optical network units via an optical fiber distributed. The present invention increases the off time of the timer module controls analog to digital converter in the conventional optical network units, in the scheduling and management of the media access control need not achieve an optical network unit in the physical layer directly ADC selective sampling function; while analog to digital converter during turn-off, can also close the other subsequent digital signal processing module, further reduce power consumption of the optical network unit.


This paper presents the basic theories and methodologies of the Magic Cube (MQ) approach, an advanced design approach which provides a systematic way to examine general crashworthiness and blast protection designs in terms of both structural and material aspects. The MQ approach is developed to assist the design process for improved structural crashworthiness: by applying time (process) decomposition, the original difficult nonlinear dynamic crashworthiness design problem is converted into a sequence of simplified linear design problems; by applying multi-domain topology optimization technique to the simplified linear design problems, the optimal configuration of the designed structure is obtained. A design of reinforced thin-walled rail under oblique impact is used to demonstrate the MQ approach. Numerical simulation results show that, compared with the original rail of the same weight, the MQ approach leads to a design with significantly higher energy absorption performance and lower initial crushing force under oblique impact.


Over the last era of the twentieth century, rapidly drastic changes in the economic environment have occurred. These changes have led to increasing the intensity of global competition. Therefore, the organizations' success and survival are nowadays dependent on their rapid response to adapt to the ongoing changes. This paper mainly aims to examine the relationship between organizational excellence, quality of work-life, and organizational commitment. It also aims to identify differences among the respondents' perceptions about their awareness of organizational excellence, the quality of work-life, and organizational commitment. To this end, the descriptive and analytical approaches were adopted to achieve the objectives of the study through collecting, describing, and analyzing data to examine the hypothesized relationships between the variables of the study. Data from published research, journals, and periodicals, in addition to data based on a field study, were used for analysis. The respondents of the study included employees in the health sector (government hospitals) in Taif City, namely doctors, nursing staff, and managers of medical departments. The results showed that there is a statistically significant effect of organizational excellence on both the quality of work-life and organizational commitment. It was found that there is no significant difference among the respondents' perceptions about their awareness of organizational excellence, the quality of work-life, and organizational commitment according to their profession. Accordingly, it is recommended to emphasize the requirements of organizational excellence requirements regarding the leadership of the Saudi health institutions and review strategies, which are developed based on the standards of excellence.


The plant always associates with microbes for its life, includes the endophytes. Aim of this study is to examine the effect of endophytic fungi on Kopsia (Kopsia arborea) seed germination and seedling growth. Here, we used endophytic fungus from forest pathology laboratory, namely Phomopsis sp1, Phomopsis sp2, and Helminthosporium sp. All endophytic fungi were combined with liquid fertilizer to assess Kopsia seedling growth. The results showed that the Kopsia seed germinations, which treated with endophytic fungi have a higher value than the control. The endophytic fungi Phomopsis sp1 and Helminthosporium sp could increase the number of leaves without adding liquid fertilizer, while the Phomopsis sp2 needed liquid fertilizer for it. The NPA and the IMB values of the Kopsia seedlings are 0.71-1.71, and 0.18-0.33 strongly indicates the readiness of Kopsia seedlings to plant in the field, respectively.


During hunting, insectivorous bats systematically vary the parameters of emitted pulses and analyze the returning echoes to extract prey features. As such, the duration of the pulse (P) and echo (E), the P–E gap, and the P–E amplitude difference progressively decrease throughout the prey-approach sequence. Our previous studies have shown that most inferior collicular neurons of bats discharge maximally to a best duration, and they have the sharpest echo frequency and amplitude sensitivity when stimulated with P–E pairs with duration the same as the best duration. Furthermore, their echo duration and frequency sensitivity improves with decreasing P–E duration and P–E gap. The present study shows that this is also true in the amplitude domain. Thus, all these data indicate that bats can better extract multiple parameters of expected rather than unexpected echo after pulse emission. They also support the hypothesis that a bat's inferior collicular neurons improve the response sensitivity in multiple parametric domains as the prey is approached to increase the success of hunting.


This paper reviews the recent advances on chemistry of α-Oxo ketene dithioacetals,including their preparations, reactions and applications in organic synthesis.


A process for preparing the 1-naphthol and 2-naphthol simultaneously includes sulfonating naphthalene by concentrated sulfuric acid, filtering to obtain alpha-naphthalenesulfonic acid and acidic mother liquid, dripping the mother liquid in fused naphthalene, high-temp sulfonating, hydrolyzing, blowing naphthalene to obtain high-purity beta-naphthalenesulfonic acid solution, respectively neutralizing the alpha-naphthalenesulfonic acid and beta-nephthalenesulfonic acid solution, alkali fusing, acidifying to obtain said two products, and dissolving beta-naphthalenesulfonic acid in sulfuric acid. Its advantages are high output rate and low pollution.


1. In Yavapai and in Yuman languages generally, there is a morphosyntactic problem interesting at both descriptive and theoretical levels. The affixes /-k/ and /-m/ contrast semantically in a number of environments (as case endings on nouns, as syntactic and derivational suffixes on verbs), but a unified and coherent account of these morphemes has not been given to date. Linguists who have described Upland Yuman languages all mention /-k/ and /-m/, at some point making explicit or implicit claims that each has several meanings. There are sound reasons based on the notions of descriptive and explanatory adequacy for disputing such claims.


Human apolipoprotein A‐I (apoA‐I) is a 28 kDa protein and a major component of high‐density lipoproteins, mediating several essential metabolic functions related to heart disease. Recently, a novel protective role against bacterial pathogens has emerged. ApoA‐I suppressed bacterial growth of log phase Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, resulting in a reduced colony count. We suggest that apoA‐I interacts with gram‐negative bacteria in two ways: 1) by associating with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) which are the major constituent of the outer bacterial membrane, thereby reducing endotoxic effects, and 2) destabilizing the negatively charged phospholipid bilayer of the inner bacterial membrane, resulting in cell lysis. To analyze the role of lysine in LPS and phospholipid binding, lysine side chains were acetylated using acetic anhydride in saturated sodium acetate. Electrophoresis analysis and 1‐anilino‐naphthalene‐8‐sulfonate fluorescence of apoA‐I in the absence or presence of LPS indicated decreased binding upon acetylation. ApoA‐I was able to lyse phosphatidylglycerol vesicles; however, acetylated apoA‐I showed a marked decrease in activity. These results indicate the potential for apoA‐I to function as an antimicrobial protein and the importance of lysine residues.


The negative effect of some diseases, such as bovine viral diarrhea (BVD), infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), and Leptospirosis, on bovine reproduction rates are well known. The uses of vaccines are considered to be an important tool available in order to control reproductive losses but their efficiency is still controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of vaccination against BVD, IBR, and Leptospirosis to improve pregnancy rate in beef cattle submitted to fixed-timed AI (FTAI). Nelore cows (n = 1172) from 4 beef cattle farms in Brazil were randomly distributed in two experimental groups: Group 1 (treated, n = 584) received the first dose of the inactivated vaccines (Bioleptogen and Bioabortogen H, Biogenesis Bago, Garin, Argentina) at the beginning of the FTAI protocol and the second dose on the pregnancy diagnostic 40 days later; Group 2 (control group, n = 588) received 0.9% saline solution. Serum samples from 3–5% of animals in each farm herd were collected to determinate IBR, BVD, and Leptospirosis challenges, by using ELISA protocol for BVD and IBR (Synbiotics BVD p80 ab monoblocking test and Synbiotics BoHV-1 gB monoblocking test, respectively; Synbiotics Corp., Kansas City, MO, USA); and microaglutination test for Leptospirosis. All animals were submitted to the FTAI protocol: D0 = intravaginal P4 device (Cronipress, Biogenesis Bago) and application of 2 mg oestradiol benzoate (Bioestrogen, Biogenesis Bago); Day 8 = intravaginal device removal + 0.5 mg oestradiol cipionate (E.C.P, Zoetis Inc., Florham Park, NJ, USA) and 25 mg D-cloprostenol sodium (Croniben, Biogenesis Bago) and FTAI after 48 h. Body condition scores (BCS) were measured on Day 0 and pregnancy diagnostic were performed on Day 40. Data were analysed by logistic regression using PROC LOGISTIC procedure of the SAS software (SAS 9.3, SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC, USA) as well as the significant differences between the factors was analysed to nonparametric statistical frequency (chi-square test; PROC FREQ). Pregnancy rates on day 40 were greater (P < 0.0001) in Group 1 (58.21%; 340/584) compared to Group 2 (44.73%; 263/588). Effect in BCS by pregnancy rates was observed (P = 0.0165) among animals with higher compared to lower BCS (61.40% v. 47.98%, respectively). Results from BVD, IBR and Leptospirosis prevalence were respectively (78.26%; 95.65%, and 10.20%), demonstrating that all herds were challenger for the 3 agents and a positive correlation with pregnancy rates (P < 0.001) in vaccinated group. In conclusion, vaccination with Bioabortogen H and Bioleptogen contributed to increase pregnancy rates in beef cattle submitted to FTAI; and the positive correlation between high prevalence of BVD, IBR, and leptospirosis, and an increased pregnancy rate by 13.48% can be due to fewer losses caused by the vaccination protection up to Day 40.


Faecal microRNAs represent promising molecules with potential clinical interest as non-invasive diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for their stability and detectability. Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening based on the fecal immunochemical test (FIT) is an effective tool for prevention of cancer development. However, due to the poor sensitivity of FIT for premalignant lesions, there is a need for implementation of complementary tests. Improving the identification of individuals who would benefit from further investigation with colonoscopy using molecular analysis, such as miRNA profiling of the FIT leftover buffer, would be ideal due to its widespread use. In the present study, we applied small RNA sequencing to FIT leftover samples collected from two European screening populations. We showed robust detection of miRNA and microbial profiles, which were similar to those obtained from specimens sampled using RNA stabilising buffers and archived fecal samples. Detected miRNAs exhibited differential abundance between CRC and control samples that was consistent between sampling methods, suggesting a promising potential to identify small RNA CRC biomarkers using FIT leftovers. We demonstrated that it is possible to analyse gut miRNAs in FIT leftover samples and envision that these potential biomarkers can complement the FIT in large scale screening settings.


Urban rainwater utilization is an effective way to solve water shortage and water pollution.By summarizing the exiting theories and technologies of rainwater utilization,some important recent problems in this field were put forward.Setting up runoff generation model and calculating the potential of rainwater utilization,monitoring and managing rainwater quality,planning rainwater utilization in urban areas and applying the rainwater utilization technologies comprehensively were problems that should be studied.The fundamental research direction of urban rainwater utilization will be changed from the qualitative to the quantitative,the urban rainwater utilization technologies will be developed from the single to the integrated,and the urban rainwater utilization will become one of important methods for the urban flood control.


The way and method of designing and manufacturing the dye-sensitized solar cell module was studied.The effect of resistance to the dye-sensitized solar cell were investigated,and found a very effective way to improve the performance of the dye-sensitized solar cell.The performance of modules in series and in parallel were also tested.


The distribution of Spirodela polyrhiza and Lemna aequinoctialis was investigated and the limiting factors on the distribution were analyzed. At 66 sites in Korea, the presense or absense of duckweed were recorded and the water was sampled. The temperature, hardness, pH and contents of N, , , Na, K, Ca, Cu, Mg, Zn, Fe, Ni, Mn and Cd of water sampled were analyzed. The results were as follows; It seemed that the limiting factors influencing on the distribution was water temperature and concentration of . The critical temperature of the distribution of Spirodela and Lemna was presented 19.5 and concentration of was limiting factor only in the distribution of S. polyrhiza. L. aequinoctialis was distributed in lower temperature than S. polyrhiza and it seemed that the distribution of L. aequinoctialis was not be influenced by the concentration of .


As a study of APF (Active Power Filter) using a universal harmonic detection method, an experimental prototype of three-phase APF is built based on DSP (Digital signal processor) TMS320F2812. Based on the instantaneous reactive-power theory, the phase current is decomposed and analyzed by mathematical method and a new detecting method of harmonic and reactive currents for three-phase circuit is presented. The universal method can be used for both three-phase and single-phase APF by omitting the process of coordinate transformation which used in conventional p-q algorithm and ip-iq algorithm. Furthermore, this method can be used for either three-phase three-wire system or three-phase four-wire system. The results of simulation and experiment show that the experimental prototype can achieve harmonic current compensation effectively.


Inspired by the bleeding mechanism in living organisms to heal injury for survival, such capability has been integrated into a damaged laminate composite for autonomous internal repairing to extend its service life. The main healing mechanisms include infiltration of healing liquid into the crack plane, resulted from the breaching of pre-embedded vessels, which is triggered by a damage event. The later polymerization of the healant serves to restore the strength of the crack plane and hence inhibits further crack growth. The best healing performance is generally governed by both infiltration and polymerization rates of healing liquid at the crack tip. In ensuring assessment of these rates without excessive computational burden but free from the companion numerical stability-consistency-accuracy issues, in-house hydrodynamic and thermodynamic models based on the weak form Galerkin finite element (FE) method have been developed in this study. To simulate the micro-scale isothermal hydrodynamics of the Newtonian liquid, one-dimensional (1D) incompressible Stokes equations have been solved using the penalty function method. Computational matters, such as the feasible penalty parameter (γp) for multiple flow geometries of single straight micro-channel, are discussed and numerically addressed. Meanwhile, the polymerization mechanics of healing liquid in a straight crack channel is obtained by solving the heat conduction formulation coupled with the phenomenological Arrhenius's rate equation and Crank-Nicolson time scheme. It is observed that the iterative Uzawa's technique, which employs forcing term correction in terms of the previous velocity solution, coupled with another forcing term correction in terms of the previous divergence of velocity solution is capable of eliminating the instability of axial pressure distribution and inconsistency of the conventional penalty model setting. Additionally, implementing termination criterion by equalizing the order of both maximum elemental divergence of velocity (EDVmax) and penalty parameter ensures stability, consistency, and accuracy of solution for 1 x 101 ≤ γp ≤ 1 x 1011. Adopting similar termination technique for the Crank-Nicolson predictor-corrector time integration scheme with the penalty formulation, the proposed model is capable of capturing the flow front motion in micro-channel by electing the temporal mesh size (Δt) from a function of hydraulic diameter (Dh) and spatial mesh size (Δx). Parametric study for temperature and cure degree evolution by varying pre-exponential factor ( ˜ A), activation energy (˜E ), ˜n-th order of reaction, and ultimate enthalpy of cure ( ˜H ) has been performed thoroughly where an optimal coupling between ˜ A and ˜E is identified as the dominating factor in achieving the most favored repairing behavior. While the order of reaction imparts less significance in the evaluation, it is observed that polymeric healant with a higher numerical value of ˜H is not beneficial either. The principal contribution of the present study includes the construction of a series of FE Eulerian frameworks that are reliable, without excessive computational burden, in assessing key diffusive mechanistic variables of extrinsic self-healing mechanisms in achieving optimal strength recovery of straight crack geometry in polymeric materials.


The default‐mode network (DMN) is a set of specific brain regions whose activity, predominant in the resting‐state, is attenuated during cognitively demanding, externally‐cued tasks. The cognitive correlates of this network have proven difficult to interrogate, but one hypothesis is that regions in the network process episodic memories and semantic knowledge integral to internally‐generated mental activity. Here, we compare default‐mode functional connectivity in the same group of subjects during rest and conscious sedation with midazolam, a state characterized by anterograde amnesia and a reduced level of consciousness. Although the DMN showed functional connectivity during both rest and conscious sedation, a direct comparison found that there was significantly reduced functional connectivity in the posterior cingulate cortex during conscious sedation. These results confirm that low‐frequency oscillations in the DMN persist and remain highly correlated even at reduced levels of consciousness. We hypothesize that focal reductions in DMN connectivity, as shown here in the posterior cingulate cortex, may represent a stable correlate of reduced consciousness. Hum Brain Mapp, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Cervical cancer (CC) occupies the fifth place in the structure of female oncopathology (n Russia. The share of CC is 5.2 % among all oncological diseases. iin Russia, 6.392 women died of CC in 2018. And the mortality rate from this disease is growing every year. In recent years, there has been an increase in the mortality rate among women aged 35 to 59 years at the age of the greatest social activity. The problem of etiology, pathogenesis and diagnosis of the disease remains relevant, despite the active development of medical science. The main cause of CC is considered to be the human papillomavirus of oncogenic genotypes. At the same time, even the active introduction of vaccination does not lead to a decrease in the rate of increase in morbidity and mortality from CC. At the same time, it is known that risk factors for the occurrence of the disease are early onset of sexual activity, frequent change of sexual partners, rejection of barrier methods of contraception, smoking, immunosuppression. Currently, the issue of the influence of sexually transmitted infections on the occurrence of CC has not been fully studied. We wondered what etiological factors have been most studied and reliably influence the occurrence of the disease, what preventive measures can help in this. We assume that only an integrated approach (lifestyle changes, vaccination, preventive medical examinations) can help defeat CC. The article discusses the key causes of the disease, the history of the study of the etiology of CC, the current state of the problem.


Lisa Arrehag et al. The Impact of HIV/AIDS on Livelihoods, Poverty and the Economy of Malawi. Sida Studies no. 18, 2006. SIDA, SE-105 25 Stockholm, Sweden. 248 pp. Charts. Figures. Notes. References. Appendixes. Acronyms. No price reported. Paper. This is an important, carefully crafted book, offering a set of distinctive perspectives and provocative analytical insights about the impact of HIV/AIDS on socioeconomic development, both in Malawi and in other sub-Saharan African countries equally ravaged by the pandemic. The authors marshal and critically survey the data derived from a wealth of fresh studies; to that data set they apply an original analysis and add their own anecdotal reporting collected from interviews with people from government, academia, the donor community, the private sector, and NGOs in Malawi. Assessing how HIV/AIDS affects different sectors at a variety of levels-individual, household, community, and nation-the book underscores that the AIDS epidemic remains the leading threat to development in sub-Saharan Africa and in Malawi in particular, which now is witnessing significant reversals in socioeconomic development. It also points to growing evidence of the ways in which social environments shape the dynamics of disease transmission and its evolution, and of how economic, political, social, and cultural factors contribute to and are affected by both the epidemic and the responses to it. The authors acknowledge the inconclusive nature of the findings, mainly attributable to lack of sufficient and reliable data from which comprehensive analyses could have been made to capture more fully the impact of HIV/AIDS. Nonetheless, it is undeniable that security and livelihood have been affected, both through the effects of premature illness and deaths of adults who provide the bulk of family labor power, and by the rupture of customary intergenerational knowledge transfers. Despite being persuasive and witty, the book is not without blemishes, especially as it relates to further research, policy development, and economic development at large. The authors identify one channel in particular through which HIV/AIDS affects economic growth in Malawi: by depressing private savings the epidemic reduces investment, which in turn reduces economic growth. Indeed, there is a growing consensus in the development literature that most sub-Saharan African countries are caught in a poverty trap partly because they lack sufficient savings that could pull them out of lower rates of growth. …


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Prenatal follow-up by nurses qualifies the assistance and is the moment when women's questions are answered, pain and stress are evaluated and relaxation methods during labor are explained, among other aspects. So, this study aimed at measuring referred pain and perceived stress of post-vaginal delivery women. METHODS: This is a descriptive, analytical, observational and cross-sectional study carried out in a hospital Obstetric Unit with 40 post-partum women using short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire and Perceived Stress Scale. RESULTS: Thirty-five percent of respondents, mean age of 25 years, were having their second baby and had term gestation with mild pain; 27.5% had moderate pain and 22.5% moderate pain. Mean "sensory" pain estimate index was 6.60. Questions 3 (have you been nervous or stressed), 6 (believed she was unable to deal with all the things she had to do) and 9 (has been angry due to things beyond her control), had the highest means. CONCLUSION: Post-partum women refer pain and have postvaginal delivery stress, thus the importance of evaluating such symptoms and of preparing women to cope with pain and stress during this period.


This theoretical review aims to integrate state-of-the-art learning motivation theoretical concepts within the context of gifted and talent development models for native children living in Latin America and the Caribbean sociocultural diverse societies. Motivation as a determinant factor and a promoter of gifted achievement is analyzed. Also the relation between motivation, outstanding performance and underachievement is discussed and tendencies found in social-emotional development of the gifted linked to motivation are explored. Final remarks are given on the significant role of motivation in the achievement of gifted and talented children living under diverse socio-cultural influences that bias their performance on standardized measures. Recommendations highlight the importance of further research, in order to reach a convergence of theoretical and practical elements needed to promote Latin American childrens talent.


The manufacture of isotopic batteries for pacemakers necessitates a precise control of the thermal pcwer of the /sup 238/Pu sources employed. The calorimetric method used is presented. The re-. sults obtained are compared with those of other laboratories. The specific power of /sup 238/Pu subsequently deduced is then compared with specific powers calculated from data found in the literature. (FR) v


Microanalysis has proved crucial in developing thermal-sprayed metal coatings on the surface of reinforced concrete to serve as anodes in impressed current (ICCP) and galvanic (GCP) cathodic protection systems and in understanding their long-term performance. Corrosion of reinforcing bar in concrete bridges is the primary cause of structural deterioration in high chloride environments such as coastal locations and colder climates where roads are deiced with salt. Over 40 pet of more than 500,000 bridges surveyed in the U.S. are in need of repair or rehabilitation. Cathodic protections is the most effective method of mitigating the effects of corrosion due to chloride contaminated concrete. While a young technology, consumable thermal sprayed zinc anodes (see Figure 1 for a schematic of the process) totaling over 40,000 m2 (430,00 ft2) have been installed on the Oregon coast, primarily on the Depoe Bay, Yaquina Bay, and Cape Creek bridges.


ABSTRACT Urban ecological risks stemming from urbanization are increasing and limiting the capability of China to effectuate sustainable urban development. Therefore, addressing urban ecological risks is an urgent need. Numerous factors are involved in urban ecological risks, including air, water, and soil. Additionally, risk sources and risk receptors are complex and diverse. In this study, urban ecological risks are defined as adverse effects and possibility of impacts on urban ecosystem services resulting from urbanization. Urbanization is recognized as the risk source, and the urban ecosystem is considered the risk receptor. Based on this understanding, the components of urban ecological risks are defined, and the relationships between the components of urban ecological risks are illuminated by establishing an indicator system. Based on previous studies on urban ecological risks, an explicit framework for identification, assessment, and management of urban ecological risks is proposed. For purposes of identification, there are three types of risk sources: population growth, industrial development, and the expansion of built land. Stressors include the accumulation of contaminants, consumption of resources, and occupation of space. Assessment endpoints are divided into provisioning, regulating, cultural, and supporting services. In response to urban ecological risks having multiple stressors and multiple assessment endpoints, we assessed risks both with a single stressor/single endpoint and comprehensive ecological risks. In our framework, the physical or material assessment of ecosystem services is adopted as the core method for the analysis of urban ecological risk, because it is believed that the analysis of urban ecological risk should be based on the physical or material assessment of ecosystem services instead of the value assessment of ecosystem services. The results of the single value assessment of urban ecosystem services will cause the deviation from the purpose of urban ecosystem services assessment. The purpose of urban ecosystem services assessment is to maintain and/or improve the capability of urban ecosystems of providing physical or material services, and further to reduce or avoid the occurrence risks of unsustainable cities. Additionally, a multi-level characterization method was adopted for the results of urban ecological risk assessment. In this study, we established a platform to manage urban ecological risks based on landscape ecology and environmental internet of things technologies, and to effectuate online urban ecological risk identification, assessment, and management via this platform.


Multi-carrier code division multiplexing (MC-CDM) has been drawing attention as a promising downlink physical layer protocol for next generation mobile communications systems, because it can obtain frequency diversity effect in frequency selective fading channels, thanks to spreading in the frequency domain. Also, FLASH-OFDM (called "orthogonal frequency division multiplexing with frequency hopping (OFDM-FH)" in this paper) has been also discussed for IEEE Std 802.20. Using a forward error correction technique, OFDM-FH can also achieve frequency diversity effect. Moreover, for a one-cell reuse cellular system, OFDM-FH and MC-CDM employ a frequency hopping technique and cell-specific long code, respectively. This paper compares OFDM-FH and MC-CDM in a downlink channel in single- and multi-cell environments, from the viewpoint of frequency diversity effect and mitigation of inter-cell interference.


Reduction of
trans-[Pt(CN)
 4
X
 2
]
 2-

(X = Cl or Br) [as model compounds for antitumour-active
platinum(IV) pro-drugs] to
[Pt(CN)
 4
]
 2-
 by L-methionine,
MeSR, has been studied at 25 °C in the range
0 < pH < 12 (X = Cl) and
0 < pH < 6 (X = Br) by
use of stopped-flow spectrophotometry. The stoichiometry is
[Pt
 IV
]:[MeSR] ≈ 1:
1; the reaction products are methionine S-oxide and
[Pt(CN)
 4
]
 2-
 as identified by NMR and UV
spectroscopies, respectively. The kinetics is first order with respect
to the platinum(IV) and methionine concentrations and the
second-order rate constants have a small pH dependence. In analogy with
reduction of platinum(IV) complexes by thioglycolic acid,
cysteine, penicillamine and glutathione, a mechanism is postulated in
which [Pt(CN)
 4
X
 2
]
 2-
 is reduced by
the various protolytic species of methionine in parallel reactions. In
the transition state the thioether group of methionine is assumed to
interact with co-ordinated halide, mediating the electron transfer to
the platinum(IV) centre. The transition states for previously
studied reactions between
[Pt(CN)
 4
X
 2
]
 2-
 and thiols are
discussed in view of these results. It is concluded that
methionine-containing biomolecules may compete with thiol compounds for
reduction of platinum(IV) pro-drugs under acidic conditions,
and also in neutral solutions with low concentrations of
thiol-containing biomolecules.


In order to further plan and develop the agriculture of Pudong irrigated areas in Shaanxi province,this paper has applied the linear programming and fuzzy optimization models into the planning and management of available land-water-crop system.In this study,the linear programming and fuzzy optimization models were used to optimize the economic return,crop production and labour utilization,and to search the related cropping patterns and intensities with specified land,water,fertilizer and labour availability,as well as constraints of water use patterns.The optimal allocation of agricultural systems is a complex large scale system,which involves land resources,water resources and crops grown,and at the same time is subjected to the effects of many uncertainty factors,so using an allocation model solely is difficult to coordinate and aggregate all of the system characteristics.Based on the situation of the study area,the land-water-crop system planning of Pudong irrigated area has been carried out with the fuzzy optimization of three independent linear-programming-based objective functions and one multi-criteria decision function.The land and water resources have been optimally allocated by three linear programming models in order to achieve the maximum value of the objective function.Then we have decided to keep all the three objectives of the linear programming models at the same priority level to obtain the compromised solution in a fuzzy environment that incorporates the imprecision in fuzzy goals and fuzzy constraints.These non-structural models can facilitate the conjunctive use of available surface water and groundwater resources.Besides,a comparative evaluation along with the benefit-cost ratios of the existing and proposed farming systems has been presented.The results show that the LPP model has the least deviation from the optimized values of production and benefit as compared to the other models,followed by the LPNR model and models like LPP,LPNR and FOP are best suited for the study area,depending upon the objectives of the decision makers and the farmers.The linear-programming-based management models have the capability for optimal land-water-crop system planning in case of single criteria decision systems,while the fuzzy-rule-based management models can be used to deal with multiple criteria management decision systems,providing a powerful reference for the establishment of scientific optimal allocation of the agricultural system of land-water-crop.The method that applies the multi-objective fuzzy linear-programming-based management models into the optimal allocation of land-water-crop systems is feasible,and the reasonable distribution of land and water resources,has improved crop production and net benefits.


that effects more and more people every year. Several drugs are available for the treatment of diabetes mellitus including various insulin formulations, biguanides. sulfonylureas, α-glucosidase inhibitors, insulin secretagogues and insulin sensitizers. However, the search for more effective agents is ongoing. The insulin sensitizers Or enhancars of insulin action improve insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes by increasing the sons tivity of cells to insulin and one novel class are the per oxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) ago ruste such as the thiazolidinedionas or so-called giltanists discovered, do not increase insulin secretion the number or affinity of insulin receptor binding sites but are thought to amplity postreceptor events in the insulie signaling cascarte. Of these compounds, netoglitazone (MCC-555) which possessas both netoglitazone (MCC-555) which possesses both PPARα and PPARγ agonist activity has displayed potent preclinical activity and was selected for further clinical development as a treatment of diabetes. This article discusses the synthesis and the extensive phe macological actions of this new agent.


Depression is often overlooked in elderly nursing home residents because symptoms may be masked or dismissed as an inevitable consequence of ageing. Current tools for the detection of depression in institutionalised older people are not always specific.


Objective To evaluate the effectivity and security of medical skin care products with the extract of camellia Reticulata(Trade names:dihon anti-crack repair professional match-Anti-Crack Lips Cream) in adjuvant therapy of Chronic cheilitis.Methods Multi-center and random clinical experimental methods before and after comparison were used.30 Chronic cheilitis patients were admitted in groups for clinical diagnosis.The cream with the extract of camellia Reticulata on the lips unilaterally,twice per day,continued for 15days and the skin recovery,degree of satisfaction of patients and security,were then tested in comparison with two sides of body.Results After 15days of treatment,there was a significantly statistical difference.There was not any adverse reaction under examination.Conclusions Medical skin care products dihon anti-crack repair professional match-Anti-Crack Lips Cream had safely therapeutic effect to Chronic cheilitis.It was worth to promote the usage.


In the Pirin Mts. (SW Bulgaria) very high localities of owls were recorded. The Tengmalm's owl {Aegolius funereus, new for Pirin) was netted at 2340 m, the Long-eared owl {Asio otus) at 2760 m. Six parasitic flies {Ornithomyia avicularia L. Diptera: Hippoboscidae) were collected on Aegolius funereus.


Politicians and other leaders in Botswana have recently expressed concerns that the country's 'youth' is not taking its citizenship responsibilities seriously. This is in a context of rapid change and development in the last thirty years since Botswana's independence in 1966. The study described here explored the learned perceptions of citizenship responsibility amongst a selection of Botswana's young adults and youth leaders. These perceptions were analysed in relation to theories of social capital citizenship and learning. The findings suggest that the influences of globalisation are producing a shift from traditional communitarian citizenship values to ones of 'enlightened self interest'. However, civil society is under‐developed and needs nurturing through an educational strategy that encourages participatory approaches to development. Some of the arguments articulated here are elaborated on in a book (Preece & Mosewunyane, 2004).


Remote sensor networks (RSN) is a rising innovation for trading information in different constant observing frameworks. The RSN has conveyed nature and element topology which presents exceptionally extraordinary necessities in steering the information. Different conventions created for directing in RSNs are comprehensively ordered into four classes i.e. in view of Network Structure, Communication Model, Topology and Reliable Routing. Numerous vitality productive steering conventions are proposed for RSNs lately. Arrange structure based directing conventions are all the more generally utilized as a part of different applications. To spare the vitality and for giving the expansion of the system life time arrange structure based conventions are utilized. The directing conventions in view of system structure can be additionally delegated level or various leveled. At long last, a correlation on level and various leveled conventions is done, which appears for the vitality proficiency progressive conventions are more reasonable in bigger RSNs applications.


In this paper we study an accurate interference rejection capability of a minimum-variance polarization sensitive (MVPS) beamformer using a uniform linear array of crossed dipoles. The interference cancellation is done in the spatio-polarized domain since MVPS beamformer search in both the direction of arrival and polarization domains. Also, MVPS beam-former has the capability of handling more signals than the scalar array having the same number of sensors in a single beam. We have also analyzed that there will be no beam when the desired and interference EM signals are same in nature.


Folate is an essential water-soluble vitamin occurring naturally in select foods as well as in the synthetic form (folic acid) used in supplements and in food fortification programs. Folate can be a limiting factor in all these reactions, including synthesis and maintenance of DNA, RNA, protein, and DNA methylation. Recent studies have suggested that a low folate intake and impaired folate metabolism may be involved in the carcinogenesis of cervical cancer, but the specific mechanism remains unclear.In this paper we review the progress in the association of serum folate deficiency with cervical cancer, and introduce the progress in the mechanism by which folate deficiency causes tumor.These mechanisms include changes of DNA methylation patterns, impacting the synthesis and remold of DNA, enhance the effect of cancer-inducing virus and so on.

Key words:
Folic acid; Folic acid deficiency; Uterine cervical neoplasms; Risk factors


Finding a perfect matching can be useful from showing the locations of double bonds in the chemical structure, to the study of optimal transportation and allocation of resources. In section 1 and 2 we describe combinatorial and polyhedral formulations of perfect matchings in bipartite graphs. Later in section 3 and 4, we generalize findings in previous sections and look at the perfect matchings in general (not necessarily bipartite) graphs. In the remaining part of the note we present a bipartite assignment game of individuals to homes, then show an auction-based algorithm for finding the maximum weight matching in the game, and finally discuss maximum weight matching in general graphs.


Boxing Day 2005 marked the first anniversary of the tsunami that devastated communities in Indonesia, Thailand, Sri Lanka, India and as far away as the east coast of Africa, leaving an estimated 230,000 people dead and 1.7 million displaced. Australia has provided substantial assistance to the tsunami-affected countries, with the main focus of our effort on one of our nearest and largest neighbours, Indonesia. The $1 billion Australia-Indonesia Partnership for Reconstruction and Development (AIPRD), announced by Prime Minister Howard on 10 January 2005, is the single-largest aid package in Australia's history. The Australian Treasury has worked with the Australian Agency for International Development (AusAID) and other Australian Government agencies to develop and implement the AIPRD, and the Treasurer is one of the five Australian and Indonesian Ministers on the AIPRD Joint Commission. The first part of this paper focuses on how the Indonesian economy has performed in recent times, particularly since the tsunami, and discusses the reform priorities of the current Indonesian Government. The second part provides some information on the work Treasury is doing with Indonesian counterpart agencies under the AIPRD's Government Partnership Fund (GPF).


CA(certificate authority) and public key certificates are the heart of PKI,they are the most advanced method for key management.In this paper,the framework of CA in the distributed networks of Internet is firstly described,and then its theoretical bases,advances and implement are analyzed in detail.


Defending social and political positions other than those that a company's clients might support has always been an avoidable risk. However, this practice, called 'corporate activism,' has gradually been integrated into the strategies of organizations. The object of this work is thus to understand the antecedents of corporate activism from the consumer's point of view. To understand this, we carry out structural equation modeling (SEM) based on a sample of 1,521 consumers. The results demonstrate that: (i) institutional credibility, corporate credibility, and authenticity act as antecedents of corporate activism; (ii) corporate credibility has a positive influence on corporate activism, while institutional credibility has a negative impact. These findings represent an interesting and novel contribution that helps to understand how these types of high-risk strategies should be adopted. The application of these results could enable companies to determine the conditions that favor a positive evaluation of corporative activism by consumers and avoid the use of such strategies in less favorable situations.


Besides retrospective studies, recent prospective studies have also found an association of oral contraceptives and venous thrombosis.4 Even the Walnut Creek study to which Dr Hougie refers found that oral contraceptive use was associated with an increased risk of idiopathic thromboembolismthat is, thrombosis without a recent surgical procedure, trauma, malignant condition or other known predisposing factor.5 Some investigators feel that this evidence is weakened by the study's failure to find a statistically significant effect in patients predisposed to venous thromboembolism. They argue that an adverse effect of oral contraceptives should be most pronounced in patients at high risk for thrombosis. However, it can also be argued that other predisposing factors, when present, overwhelm the effect of oral contraceptives and prevent a small but real effect of those agents from being discernible. In addition to the results of epidemiologic studies, much indirect evidence indicates an association of oral contraceptives and thromboembolic disease. High-dose, noncontraceptive estrogen therapy, such as for suppression of postpartum lactation, has been shown to increase the incidence of thromboembolism.6 Furthermore, the decreased morbidity from venous thromboembolic disease in reproductive-age women that occurred coincidently with the introduction of contraceptive pills with reduced estrogen content7 also implicates estrogen as a risk factor for deep venous thrombosis. Finally, the dose-related effect of oral contraceptives to create an apparent imbalance of the hemostatic mechanism towards hypercoagulability, while ofuncertain physiologic significance, is consistent with the reported correlation between estrogen dose and the risk ofvenous thromboembolism.8 Thromboembolic events in all young women are infrequent, and so a conclusive answer regarding their incidence in oral contraceptive users as compared with nonusers is unlikely because of the enormous size required of a definitive study. While there is no undeniable proof for a causal relationship between oral contraceptives and venous thrombosis, there is a wealth of evidence for the association of the two which, after reviewing, I and many others have chosen to accept rather than disregard as the result ofbias. Yet, I would emphasize that since the risks of oral contraceptive use are small and further reduced by minimizing the steroid content of the preparation used, oral agents are a wise choice for many women who want contraception.


Exploiting the rich design space of organic molecules for applications in future electronic devices is one of the main challenges in nanotechnology. Several groups have recently demonstrated, for a limited set of molecules, clear single-molecule characteristics and fair agreement with computations. Now that attaching leads to individual molecules has been demonstrated we naturally enter into the next exciting phase of the research, where molecule-specific properties can be engineered and studied.


The macroeconomic perspectives of competitiveness, K.Y. Tan and M.H. Ton technological policy and national competitiveness, L. Loh maintaining Singapore as a major shipping and air transport hub, A. Chin and J. Tongzon upgrading Singapore's manufacturing industry, P.K. Wong the construction industry - restructuring for competitiveness, M.H. Toh maintaining competitiveness in new age tourism, P.P. Wong strategies for financial sector development, G.H. Lim entrepreneurship and SMEs in the Singaporean context, B. Bjerke globalization and the social fabric on competitiveness, K.C. Ho human resource management for the new competitive environment, W. Koh.


At present many problems including stiffness gorgeousness and overload information exist in the multi-media teaching wear.So the idea was required to design multi-media ware from thd teaching material the students' status and the teachers status thus the promotion between ware and teaching will be abtained in multi-media equipment serves for teaching.


and how it is experienced are not. Nor have they ever been. As a reading of the literature quickly reveals, the history of citizenship in both north and south has been a history of struggle over how it is to be defined and who it is to include. However, what is also clear is that a great deal of the theoretical debate about citizenship today is taking place in an 'empirical void' (Lister and others, this volume), where the views and perspectives of 'ordinary' citizens are largely absent. We do not know what citizenship means to people – particularly people whose status as citizens is either non-existent or extremely precarious – nor what these meanings tell us about the goal of building inclusive societies. The contributions to this volume go some way towards addressing this void. They explore the meanings and experiences of citizenship in different parts of the world, giving particular attention to the perspectives of the poor and socially excluded. Their contributions thus touch on the different mechanics of exclusion which consign certain groups within a society to the status of lesser citizens or of non-citizen, and on the struggles by such groups to redefine, extend and transform 'given' ideas about rights, duties and citizenship. They therefore help to shed light on what inclusive citizenship might mean when it is viewed from the standpoint of the excluded. They also touch on some of the important debates in the field of citizenship studies. These debates have tended to be conducted as a series of binary oppositions, in which one term in the opposition is associated with classical liberal theory, and, by extension, 'Western' theory, while the other term reflects a critique of that theory from a variety of different


An Aquaponics is the integration of traditional aquaculture with hydroponics. Commercial aquaponics uses methods and equipment from both the hydroponics and aquaculture industries. Effluents from aquatic animals are used by plants as food. In the process, the plants purify water for the aquatic animals. The fish waste provides an organic food source for the plants and the plants act as a natural filter. This nitrogen cycle is at the heart of aquaponics.
In hydroponics, special nutrient solutions are have to be constantly introduced for the plants. The resulting salt residues regularly flushed out of the unit. In aquaculture, large amounts of nitrogenous waste are generated by the fish and they have to be removed from the tanks as fast as possible.
When the nutrient-rich wastewater from the aquaculture tanks is fed to the plants and plants utilize the nitrogenous waste of fish, effectively cleaning up the water, which can then be recycled. Commercial aquaponics production exists primarily in controlled environments, such as greenhouses or outdoor locations with favourable climates, using methods and equipment that draw from both the hydroponics and aquaculture industries.


This paper proposes a spectral analysis algorithm for sea SAR image fractal dimension estimation. The power spectral density of the sea SAR image is obtained through the periodogram approach and by decomposing the spectrum into sub-bands according to a dyadic scale. The fractal dimension of the image is obtained by a linear regression of the absolute maxima of each sub-band. This method can be applied globally or locally to have a single value or a map of the image fractal dimension. Examples on simulated and real data are reported.


The paper is concerned with a class of mathematical models for polymeric
fluids, which involves the coupling of the Navier-Stokes equations for a
viscous, incompressible, constant-density fluid with a parabolic-hyperbolic
integro-differential equation describing the evolution of the polymer
distribution function in the solvent, and a parabolic integro-differential
equation for the evolution of the monomer density function in the solvent. The
viscosity coefficient appearing in the balance of linear momentum equation in
the Navier-Stokes system includes dependence on the shear-rate as well as on
the weight-averaged polymer chain length. The system of partial differential
equations under consideration captures the impact of polymerization and
depolymerization effects on the viscosity of the fluid. We prove the existence
of global-in-time, large-data weak solutions under fairly general hypotheses.


Abu-Zhaya, Rana. M.S., Purdue University, August 2014, Is Maternal Touch Used Referentially? Major Professor: Amanda Seidl. Early social interactions are highly multimodal and include a wealth of cues (e.g., speech, facial expressions, motion, gestures and touch). Infant-directed speech by itself may aid in language development. Touch by itself has been also shown to play an important role in dyadic interactions affecting both the infant and the caregiver. However, little is known about the impact of the combination of these two modes of communication on infant language development. In this thesis, I hypothesize that caregiver touch is provided in synchrony with speech, providing the language-learning infant with cues that may not only help her to find words in the continuous stream of speech, but also to map between words and their referents. I examined the naturalistic use of touch by having mother read books to their 5-month-olds. Results suggest that mothers temporally align touches with the production of target words. Thus, the infant is provided with yet another cue to segment the speech stream and pull out the words produced by the caregiver. In addition, results suggest that caregivers tend to touch in locations congruent with their speech (e.g., touch the belly while saying the word belly). This might highlight the meaning of target words to infants through the use of touch. Thus, results suggest that caregiver touch may be useful to the language learning infant for both segmentation and word learning.


2) Bundesanstalt fUr Fischerei, An der Jagerbek 2 D-18069 Rostock, Germany In order to clarify mechanisms influencing reproductive success of Baltic cod a modelling exercise was performed to examine the effect of the wind driven circulation on the transport of early life stages between the western and eastern Baltic. Because the different stocks spawn within different environments at different times of the year, the occurrence of variable age/length distributions of juveniles within the different potential nursery areas can be explained by the difference of circulation patterns. A three-dimensional circulation model of the Baltic Sea was utilized to investigate the temporal evolution of egg and larval fields of the western Baltic stock which preferably spawns in the Kattegat and the Belt Sea. Comparison of within and between year variability of egg and larval transport showed large differences between 1988 and 1993 primarily due to variations in wind forcing. The wind conditions during the main spawning periods of western Baltic cod differed significantly. In 1988 relatively low and variable wind forcing prevailed, whereas due to a relatively long period of strong wind mainly from western directions, in January 1993 the recent major Baltic inflow to the Baltic Sea occurred. Estimates of egg and larval drift as well as the identification of spawning areas of the western Baltic stock which potentially can contribute to the juvenile population within the eastern Baltic will be presented and discussed.


With a firm belief in psychoanalysis therapy,Ludwig Binswanger strongly criticized the biological reductionism and determinism of psychoanalysis.Creatively combining psychoanalysis therapy with existential philosophy and phenomenology,he established his existential analysis therapy,which is characterized by such methods as dialogical encounter,work therapy,and psychoanalysis integration.The purpose of his therapy is to investigate the whole experience of individual existence rather than exploring the universal psychological laws.


It analyzes common accidents in the urban opening space,gets evaluation on safety and landscape safety,studies all landscape components factors of the urban public space and safety design of landscape equipments from safety aspect,so as to ensure people activities safety of the urban opening space.


Preface 1. High contrast AO imaging: latest results in direct exoplanet imaging 2. Peering into circumstellar disks: transformative interferometry and high resolution imaging 3. Building planets in protoplanetary disks: earliest evidence 4. Co-evolution of disks and planetary systems 5. Detailed studies of known exoplanets and exoplanet systems 6. Debris disks as signposts of planetary systems 7. Models of planetary formation and evolution 8. Evolution of planetary systems.


memory impairment (with conspicuous preservation of immediate memory), retrograde loss of recall or recognition, and disorientation in time and space. The present trend is to confine 'Korsakov Syndrome' to amnesia combined with peripheral neuritis with or without cheerful confabulation and flight of ideas. Neural loss is not confined to the mammillary bodies (it should be remarked) but also involves the frontal lobes. When acute delirium with neurological signs indicating a brain stem lesion are added the disturbance is known as 'Wernicke's Encephalopathy'. In such cases an acute deficiency of thiamine (vitamin Bj) precipitates the dramatic onset; after replacement therapy the patient may be left with his 'Korsakov Syndrome'. Using two high resolution protocols for imaging the human brain with magnetic resonance [MRI], it is now possible to distinguish anatomically between patients with diencephalic (mammillary nuclei) and medial temporal lobe (hippocampal formation) amnesia. The mammillary nuclei may be severely shrunken or entirely absent in patients with Korsakov's psychosis. The development of these and other innovative techniques will serve to dispel the current ambiguity that bedevils classification of the amnesias and augurs well for the advancement of neuropsychiatry. Eponymous remembrance is inclined to overshadow other important work. Korsakov was very clear in his mind about 'paranoia hyperphantastica' and helped to establish the concept of paranoia as a psychosis present-


While much progress has been made using epitaxial growth of Fe/Cr/Fe structures to study magnetic exchange coupling, a number of anomalies have arisen in studies of this model system. Using scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy to investigate Cr growth on Fe(001), we have identified a potential structural cause of these anomalies. We show that Cr growth under layer-by-layer conditions on Fe(001) leads to the formation of a Cr-Fe alloy. We exploit a Cr and Fe surface state to identify single Cr impurities in Fe and evaluate the alloy concentrations with increasing Cr coverage. PACS numbers: 61.16.Ch, 68.55.-a, 75.70.Cn


The hepatitis B core antigen protein (HBcAg) may induce proliferation of B, T, and cytotoxic T cells; induce immune responses; and provide T-cell resources for antibody responses after vaccination (Freivalds et al., 2011). Thus, HBcAg may be used as a therapeutic vaccine in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. This article describes a study on the construction and expression of HBcAg in Lactococcus lactis by the nisin-controlled expression (NICE) system. An HBcAg gene, the HBV subgenotype B3 that is dominant in Indonesia, was successfully cloned into a pNZ8148 vector and resulted in the formation of the transformant L. lactis NZ3900 pNZ818-HBcAg. The HBcAg protein measured 21 kDa. Induction with 10 ng/ml nisin significantly increased the concentration of the expressed protein. Western blotting and dot blot hybridization analysis indicated that the HBcAg proteins confirmed the expression of an antibody, with potential to become an HBV therapeutic vaccine.


Objective:To evaluate the treatment effect of transcatheter closure with amplatzer duct occluder in congenital heart disease(CHD) patients and to study its application.Methods:We analysed clinical information of 56 CHD patients who had been treated with Philips HD11(TTE)to observe the softness and Hardness and size of the damage and to select proper blocker.Heparin injection was given after successful venepuncture during operation.The blocker was put in placed and opened using cardiac catheterization under X-ray and the blocker was relieved after good results.The operation time,length of stay,operation achievement ratio and operative complications were measured.Results:Average operation time was 50 minutes and length of stay in hospital was 8.8 days.Achievement ratio of operation was 98.2%,with zero death case.2 cases had cardiac tamponade and 1 case had amplatzer duct occluder shift and fall off.Conclusion:Treatment with transcatheter closure in CHD is characterized by short length of stay and operation time,small wounds,quick recovery,easy operation,high success rate and few complications and therefore should be recommended.


questioned our reasons for choosing literature over some more "important" career; and our reasons are founded upon faith and hope, not upon a scientific mapping of results. Recently, I found a new one for myself: through literary criticism, we nurture artistic taste and judgment and, as Matthew Arnold suggested, create an intellectual milieu for the creative artist. Why else do we read, write, teach, and preach literary criticism? When I consider the amount of


Subband-based system identification is considered. The analysis in this paper gives geometric insights into the source of error in subband-based system identification. In particular, the mean-squared error arises as the residual after an orthogonal projection onto a subspace defined by the analysis filter impulse response. The minimum mean-squared identification error, which depends on the impulse response of the unknown system, is shown to be upper bounded by the error in a deterministic least-squares problem that involves the analysis filter response but is independent of the unknown system. The upper bounds may be used as criteria for analysis filter design that minimize the mean-squared error for the worst case unknown system, i.e., this is a minimax approach. An alternative subband processing structure is inspired by minimizing the projection residual. Examples show that significant reduction in minimum mean-squared error is possible.


The kinetics of aggregation in a monolayer of magnetic particles are studied using stochastic dynamics computer simulations. At low densities ( 15% coverage), we observe large transient concentrations of Y-shaped and X-shaped defects that ultimately give way to an extended, labyrinthine network. Our results suggest that a defect mechanism -- such as that proposed by Tlusty and Safran, Science 290, 1328 (2000) -- could drive a metastable phase separation in two dimensions.