Despite the improvements in the diagnosis and in the approaches to treatment, aggressive lymphomas are still an important cause of morbidity and mortality. There is, therefore, considerable interest in understanding the mechanisms involved in the process of lymphomagenesis. Germinal centers are dynamic structures within the lymph nodes containing highly proliferating B-cells that are undergoing mutations, in order to produce high affinity maturation antibodies, and for these reasons are predisposed to the formation of malignancies. Indeed, a number of mature lymphoid neoplasms are generated in these structures.

BCL6 is an important transcriptional repressor known to be the master regulator of the germinal center, required to differentiate follicular B cells into germinal center B cells and to maintain these cells in this state [1]. BCL6 is highly regulated during B cell differentiation such that naive B-cells and terminally differentiated plasma cells do not express the protein whilst germinal centre B-cells expresses large amounts. BCL6 deregulated expression is sufficient to induce a lymphoproliferative disease similar to the human Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in mice. Therefore, is of critical importance to understand how the expression of BCL6 is regulated. However, many aspects related to the mechanisms involved in the regulation of the gene in normal B-cells and in lymphomas derived from germinal center B-cell still remain unclear. Our recent study sheds light on the epigenetic regulation of BCL6 expression by the CTCF chromatin regulator [2].

CTCF is a highly conserved, ubiquitously expressed zinc finger protein. The functions described for CTCF include transcriptional activation or repression, insulator binding protein and global organization of chromatin, through the facilitation of long-range interactions and chromatin looping [3]. CTCF is involved in the regulation of various genes implicated in cancer, frequently through epigenetic mechanisms. Chromatin structure and modifications are considered nowadays critical aspects of gene expression regulation. The main epigenetic mechanisms are histone modifications as acetylation or methylation, and DNA methylation in CpG dinucleotides. Gene activation is related with unmethylated DNA near the gene promoters and with marks of active chromatin such as histone acetylation or histone methylation in specific residues. These modifications confer an open chromatin structure at that locus. On the contrary, gene repression is related with specific repressive histone marks that recruit repressive complexes, giving rise to a close conformation of the chromatin and silencing of gene expression [4].

In our work we show that CTCF binds to a previously undescribed site in BCL6 exon1A [2]. Features that make CTCF binding to exon 1A a likely mechanism to induce BCL6 expression in germinal center cells are: i) CTCF binding to this site was associated with high levels of BCL6 expression, while lack of CTCF binding was correlated with reduction of BCL6 expression in germinal center B-cells and induction of plasma cell markers; ii) CTCF binding was required to maintain BCL6 expression in germinal center cells by avoiding the well-known BCL6 negative autoregulation; iii) CTCF binding to BCL6 exon1A was associated with presence of active histone marks and protection against repressive marks. These findings are summarized in the Figure Figure1.1. Notably, CTCF has also been associated to negative regulation of BCL6 expression upon binding to an unmethylated intron 1 in plasma cells [5]. It is, therefore, tempting to speculate that BCL6 expression might depend on the stage-specific CTCF recruitment to the different BCL6 binding sites during B lymphocyte development. CTCF binding to exon1A appears to be required to maintain BCL6 expression by protecting BCL6 exon1A from BCL6 auto-repression in germinal center cells. On the contrary, CTCF binding to the intronic region is more likely to be necessary to prevent BCL6 expression in non-germinal center cells and allow differentiation.

Figure 1

Model for BCL6 regulation by CTCF

BCL6 is an attractive target for therapy and indeed different specific BCL6 inhibitors are currently under investigation. Treatments with drugs that modify the chromatin have enormous potential for cancer therapy [4]. Epigenetic modulation of BCL6 expression might be effective in germinal center derived lymphomas. Preliminary results performed in our laboratory showed that treatment of germinal center derived B cell lines with histone deacetylase inhibitors downregulated BCL6 expression, caused plasma cell differentiation and induced cell death. The possible role of CTCF in this process is currently under study.


Abstract : Practical applications in which carrier patterns are used with moire interferometry for strain measurements are presented. Examples of typical experimental analyses illustrate how moire carrier patterns are applied to obtain the desired data in complex laminated composite specimens. In many cases, carrier patterns permit extraction of much more detailed information, with procedures that are easier and more accurate than those using load-induced fringes alone. In moire interferometry, the carrier patterns can be introduced easily by adjustments of optical elements that control the virtual reference grating.


ABSTRACT The rationale design aimed at the enhancement of cationic lipid mediated gene transfer is discussed. These improvements are based on the straight evaluation of the structure-activity relationship and on the introduction of new structures. Much attention have been given to the supramolecular structures of the lipid/DNA complexes, to the effect of serum on gene transfer and to the intracellular trafficking of the lipoplexes. Finally new avenue using reducible cationic lipids has been discussed.


Anecdotal reports from neurosurgeons suggested that patients with glioblastoma who consumed a moderate amount of alcoholic beverages after glioblastoma surgery presented with improved vitality.

This study aimed to investigate that if any evidence for these anecdotal reports can be reproduced experimentally. We also studied the effects of different alcoholic beverages on glioblastoma cells.

GOS-3 glioblastoma cells and PC3 prostate carcinoma cells as control were incubated with beer, red wine, white wine, vodka, and whiskey at different concentrations. Membrane disruption by acute cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction was evaluated via Annexin-V-FITC flow cytometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Long-term effects on cell proliferation were studied by the XTT test.

There was no increase in membrane disruption even at physiologically high alcohol concentrations of 1 ‰. Cell proliferation was significantly inhibited by vodka and beer. Among the wines, the white wine caused slight proliferation inhibition in GOS-3 glioblastoma cells while inducing slightly enhanced proliferation in PC3 prostate cancer cells. After these results, more different brands of vodka and additional white and red wines from different grapes were used. While confirming the initial results, no additional differences between the different brands of vodka were observed. In the wine investigations, all the wines showed cell proliferation inhibition during long-term incubation of three different glioblastoma cell lines. Consistently, the inhibition from red wines was lower than the inhibition from white and rosé wines.

In conclusion, alcoholic beverages at different concentrations used during the ingestion have both cytotoxic and antiproliferative effects on glioblastoma cells in vitro which could not be found in the controls with pure ethanol.


Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a systemic activation of hemostatic system caused by several causes. Biomarkers including antithrombin (AT), protein C (PC), and thrombomodulin (TM) were reported as the additional markers for DIC in adults. This study aimed to determine the association between biomarkers among patients with overt DIC (ODIC) and nonovert DIC (NDIC) in children in PICU.


Many flavonoids have the capacity to modulate the activity of drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters, thus raising the potential for alterations in the pharmacokinetics of drugs and other essential elements. The present study evaluates the effect of single supraphysiological orally administered doses of silibinin, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), quercetin and rutin on the absorption and tissue distribution of orally administered doses of the trace elements zinc copper and iron in rats. Thirty rats were allocated into 5 groups treated as follow: 1st group treated with olive oil, served as control; the other 4 groups were administered orally single doses of either silibinin, EPGC, quercetin or rutin, after 2 hr a solution contains sulphate salts of zinc, copper and iron was administered orally. The animals were sacrificed, blood samples, tissues of brain, kidney and liver were obtained for evaluation of the plasma and tissues concentrations of Zn, Cu and Fe using atomic absorption spectrometry. All four flavonoids decreased serum and tissues concentrations of the trace elements compared with control. In conclusion, concomitant administration of single doses of Zn, Cu and Fe with supra-physiological doses of the flavonoids silibinin, EGCG, quercetin and rutin significantly decreases serum and tissue levels of these trace elements.


tals until a realistic plan is made for the future provision of custodial care. For the forseeable future between 100,000 and 200,000 people-mentally handicapped and demented-are going to need to be looked after, and this is the responsibility of the community. No-one would disagree with the intention of the Department's policy to house these patients in small units, close to their relatives, and close to district hospitals so that medical and nursing staff do not feel isolated. Meanwhile, however, the vast majority of long-stay patients are housed in the rural isolation of the large hospitals; and nothing is more likely to depress standards in those institutions than the atmosphere of borrowed time. If in fact there is little prospect of closing these large, old hospitals the Department should say so, and set about upgrading them and making conditions more attractive for staff and patients alike.


The Autobiography of Peter Cartwright (published 1856) introduces the present-day reader to a simultaneously familiar yet foreign setting in the America it presents. On a surface reading, the place names (e.g., Illinois, Kentucky, Boston, Baltimore) and the characters (e.g., Methodists, Baptists, Mormons) are comfortably within the modern American lexicon. Likewise, the activities Cartwright engaged in (e.g., deliberating in committees, traveling, attending worship services) are recognizable enough. However, a deeper reading of the text begins to peel away this deceptively accessible veneer to reveal that Cartwright's America is significantly different from America in the early twenty-first century. Kentucky and Illinois were considered frontier wilderness, with Kentucky not even becoming a state until two years after Cartwright's parents became settlers in it, and Illinois only having been a state for six years when Cartwright moved his family there. Interstate travel required weeks of horseback riding or walking with few marked roads to follow and uncertain accommodations along the way. Worship services were rarely held in church buildings, conducted instead in people's homes or in large camp meetings that could last for days. While the names may be the same, clearly the substance of life in Cartwright's America was significantly different from life in America today. If the differences between Cartwright's America and twenty-first century America had to be compressed into a single point, it would be that much of what is now long-established in America was in the process of becoming during Cartwright's lifetime.1 The concept of political parties was only beginning to take hold. The market economy was just starting to rise above the subsistence economy that had dominated America's colonial life. The questions of wage labor and slave labor still loomed large. Even what manhood and womanhood should entail was in flux. The nation as a whole was searching for its identity following the Revolution, and every aspect of life was swept up in this search. As Cartwright described it, "The Union itself was in its infancy. . .we had just thrown off the yoke of the British


. We give a simplified proof of the NTV conjecture for the Hilbert transform that was proved by T. Hyt¨onen, M. Lacey, E.T. Sawyer, C.-Y. Shen and I. Uriartre-Tuero in [LaSaShUr3], [Lac] and [Hyt2], building on previous work of F. Nazarov, S. Treil and A. Volberg in [NTV3]. Our proof shows a bit more, namely that the Hilbert transform is bounded from one weighted space to another if and only if the two local testing conditions hold and the classical offset Muckenhoupt condition holds. The proof avoids the use of functional energy, two weight inequalities for Poisson integrals, and recursion of admissible collections of pairs of intervals, but retains the bottom-up corona construction, and a variant of the straddling lemmas, from M. Lacey [Lac]. Finally, the proof can be extended to certain generalizations of fractional singular integral operators on the real line, without assuming a classical energy condition.


9069Background: RET gene fusions (RET+) occur in 1% of NSCLC and are established oncogenic drivers. The RET inhibitors vandetanib & cabozantinib have antitumor activity in RET + NSCLC pts. However ...


52 | african arts suMMer 2007 This haunting photograph (Fig. 1) from the 1976 Soweto Uprisings in South Africa is often referred to as the single most important photograph to emerge from the struggle against apartheid (Purtilo 1999:22). According to South African film director Feizel Mamdoo, there are particular moments in history that are defined by photographic, celluloid, or television images, such as the world famous photograph of the Saigon girl, naked and burning from napalm (Worsdale 1998; see also Richards 2001). He argues that the iconic photograph by Sam Nzima depicting Hector Pieterson being carried in the arms of Mbuyisa Makhubu, with his distraught sister Antionette1 running alongside, is comparable in the way that "it marks history, both social and personal" (Worsdale 1998). Significantly, though, while marking social and personal histories, this photograph registers critical changes in the ways that these histories are not only remembered, but also continually reframed in the processes of healing and commemoration and in the shaping of a new consciousness in the lives of today's youth. This photograph shifts from being incorporated into protest material of the 1980s that purposefully flattened the image both literally and metaphorically, to artistic "post-protest" rearticulations of the 1990s that opened up interpretive strategies, pointing to lacunae in the events depicted. The reintroduction of the shadow lingering behind the three figures, which was largely omitted in protest posters and T-shirts, will serve as a symbolic framework for the re-reading of this photograph, which was literally brought to life through performance at the thirtieth anniversary in June 2006. The day SoweTo waS Shaken June 16, 1976 is often referred to as the turning point in South Africa's history (Ndlovu 1998:1)—the beginning of the end of apartheid. According Sifiso Mxolisi Ndlovu (1998:1), the uprising "exploded into a momentous event" that invigorated the African National Congress (ANC), the Pan African Congress (PAC) and the Black Consciousness Movement (BCM), as well as arousing "world abhorrence of apartheid's child killers." In 1974 W.C. Ackerman, director of Bantu Education in the then southern Transvaal, informed schools that, starting the following year, pupils in Forms 1 and 2 would have to learn mathematics, geography, physical science, and biology in Afrikaans (Mashabela 2006:17, Ndlovu 1998:3). Previously, the language of instruction had been largely English, and due to the fact that few teachers were equipped to teach in a language that was not only unfamiliar, but also associated with the oppressor, grades immediately plummeted (Ndlovu 1998:3). As Mashabela (2006:18-19) writes, "Soweto was shaken," and despite the fact that members of the Meadowlands Tswana School Board resigned in protest (World 1976a), teachers who did not comply were threatened and even fired. Afrikaans came to be seen as a "killer language"2 and frustrated by their teachers' inability to alter the situation, young students formed their own meetings in March 1976 and implemented both slowdowns and class boycotts. On June 16, an estimated 10,000 to 15,000 students3 took to the streets of Soweto singing the song "Senzeni na?" (What have we done?), and displaying placards with slogans such as "Away with Afrikaans" as they made their way towards Orlando Stadium. Before they reached their destination, however, the police The Thirtieth Anniversary of the Soweto Uprisings


The present work studies the introduction in the Canary Islands of the Castilian Council that had been developing during the centuries of the late Middle Ages, analyzing how the conquest of each one of the islands had a decisive influence on its subsequent administrative, political, and economic organization. In addition, it analyzes each council office of the councils, with special emphasis on the justice-regiment duality.


First, I calculate separate poverty lines for urban, self-producing rural and other rural households. Second, I analyze vulnerability to income poverty and food poverty in Turkey and show that while self-producing rural households are as vulnerable to income poverty as other rural households, they are much less vulnerable to food poverty. Policymakers who promote "commercialization" and disregard the positive nutritional role played by self-producing could inadvertently do more harm than good.


We provide a theory for electronic transitions induced by ultrashort electromagnetic pulses in two-dimensional artificial relativistic atoms which are created by a charged impurity in a gapped graphene monolayer. Using a non-perturbative sudden-perturbation approximation, we derive and discuss analytical expressions for the probabilities for excitation, ionization and electron-hole pair creation in this system.


The superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) is a uncommon complication of thyroid cancers. It is produced as consequence of the mediastinal spread of the tumor or by intravascularr invasion with thrombosis. We describe a caseof insular thyroid carcinoma with an SVCS solved by putting an intravenous stent. The patient was a 73 year old male that consulted by aphonia and presence of a tumor in the right side of the neck of two months of evolution. The PAAF of thyroid suggested the diagnostic of "follicular tumor". A total thyroidectomy was performed on the patient and the sample histological study revealed the existence of a insular carcinoma. An ablative dosis of 1 3 1 I was adminestered to him. One year after the patient developed the SVCS. A TAC detected a tumoral relapses consistent with clinical syntoms, and was confirmed by a high level of Tg (with TgAntibodies -). As the patient showed a light response to radiotherapy (52Gy), a thoracic flebografy was realized demostrating an extense uper cave venous obstruction. After having accomplished an angioplastia a long stent (20 mm wide) was putt into the uper cave vein that was followed by a fast clinical and radiological improvement. A new flebgraphy practiced three month later showed a rapid venous flux throught the stent, and near totall disappereance of collateral circulation on thorax wall and mediastine.


Comparing data on offences known to the police in 37 European countries for the year 1999, this chapter shows empirically how the counting rules use to collect data for police statistics in each country affect the outcome of such statistics and constitute one of the main explanation of cross-national differences in levels of recorded crime. Thus, countries recording offences when they are reported to the police present higher crime rates than countries recording offences when the police have completed the investigation. The chapter also shows that comparisons of homicide rates should only be made using data for completed intentional homicide (i.e. excluding attempts).


The CP1 Hopf term responsible for exotic spin and statistics for the solitons in that model can be thought of as an abelian Chern Simons term due to the fact that CP1 is an example of G/H models (CP1=SU(2)/U(1)). This leads us to consider, for any G/H model, a non-abelian CS term (for the gauge group H). We analyze the consequences of such a term for the statistics of solitons in G/H models. With a suitable point particle limit of soliton configurations, we find that solitons obey anyon-like statistics.


Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) play an important role in various kinds of composites. MWCNTs with different concentrations were incorporated into cement-based composites to improve the toug...


Bob G. Woods is Associate Professor, College of Education, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri. VALUATION of summer school programs continues to plague E educators who have felt the need for evidence to justify the continuation or expansion of their summer school offerings. Although there is not much supporting research evidence, administrators and teachers who have had responsibilities in connection with summer schools believe that they afford an excellent means of expanding educational opportunities for


ABSTRACT Phosphorus (P) phytoavailability decreases with soil weathering, however P dynamics in high-P soils with relatively narrow differences in weathering and further addition of P is not known. In the present study, P dynamics and availability in soils varying in their chemical properties and P availability were examined. Onion plants were grown in 13 high-P soils at two P levels [Ρ0 and Ρ1]. Extractable P was assessed with Olsen, Mechlich-3, ammonium oxalate, and water soluble methods, as well as plant tissues P content and morphological features. Despite the initial high P content, all the measured parameters, including soil P, plant morphology, and P content, further increased at P1 compared to P0. Moreover, water soluble P, bulb weight, and plant P content exhibited greater differences between P0 and P1 in Alfisols. In conclusion, for high-P soils, P application could increase traits, such as onion bulb weight, especially for soils with higher weathering.


The National Schedule of Reference Costs were first introduced in England in 1997 (White Paper The New NHS, 1997), with the aim of finding new ways of measuring performance and efficiency of the 'new' NHS. The requirement set in the White Paper was for "NHS [Hospital] Trusts to publish and benchmark their own costs on the same basis, [thus giving] Health Authorities, Primary Care Groups2 and the NHS Executive a strong lever with which to tackle inefficiency" (Department of Health (DH), 1997).


In recent years it has frequently been suggested that the subject of economics is in disarray. The claim is perhaps chiefly voiced by noneconomists, but they are joined by a sometimes vociferous minority of dissident economists. (&dquo;Economist&dquo; is only slightly less difficult to define than Marxist or Christian; a working definition might be anyone who has seriously done graduate work in the field at a major university, or has acquired the equivalent knowledge elsewhere.) Although the complaints are frequently addressed to the profession, it is reasonable to suspect first, that they are really intended to appeal over the heads of the profession to the public at large, and above all to the politicians, and second, that they are exhortations to public opinion and policy makers to reject the policy advice of the vast majority of orthodox economists.


Resistive switching random access memory (RRAM) is among the leading future non-volatile memory technologies; however, its implementation is hampered by the lack of full understanding of the switching and conduction mechanism as well as the lack of detailed physical models [1]. In particular, there are conflicting reports in the literature on the direction of growth of conductive filaments in valence change memories (VCM). Filament growth is a key aspect in the operation of bipolar RRAM devices as it determines the polarity of the device as well as the "active" switching location. In some cases, it was shown directly by electron microscopy that filaments grow from the cathode towards the anode during forming, as in typical electrochemical metallization (ECM) cells [2]. In other cases, it was concluded indirectly that filaments originate from the anode [3]. Electron microscopy of filaments is highly challenging, and reports are scarce. Here, we show that the metal-insulator-semiconductor bipolar transistor structure can be used to detect the direction of growth of the conductive filament, and apply this procedure to validate our model of the dynamics of filament growth [4].


This experimental study investigates the swelling behaviour of an 80/20 sand/bentonite mixture and the associated fabric evolution under different hydro-chemo-mechanical loadings. Free and confined swelling tests are performed on specimens compacted to different dry densities and wetted with different pore fluids. Controlled suction confined swelling tests are performed to determine the suction–swelling pressure relationship for two different densities. An extensive microstructural characterisation is performed to relate the observed swelling behaviour to the evolution of the different pore networks during wetting. Based on the microstructural analysis, an expression is proposed to determine the relative dry density of the bentonite. This parameter enables comparisons of the data on the swelling of different bentonite-based materials prepared at different mixing ratios. A unique relationship is determined to fit all of the experimental data satisfactorily. The results reveal that the generated swelling pr...


Abstract Basic symmetry properties of domain states, domain pairs, domain twins and walls in KSCN crystals are examined by group theoretical methods. Relations between domain states and domain pairs are expressed in matrix form and by permutation representation. Black and white space groups describing the symmetry of domain pairs are found and layer group symmetries of domain twins and domain walls are determined as their sectional subgroups. Microscopic structures of domain walls are given for coherent ferroelastic walls and for translation (antiphase) walls. Exposition and obtained results provide an illustrative example of symmetry analysis of domain structures.


Fingerprint verification systems are expensive and complex, requiring sensing facilities, preprocessing algorithms for image quality enhancement and procedures for ridge and minutiae detection which can be used for classification, verification and recognition. To-date, the main published approaches to fingerprint recognition break down the process of ridge detection into smoothing or early pre-processing, edge detection, thresholding, binarization and subsequently thinning. This whole procedure can be very computationally expensive and hence requires more expensive hardware to meet the response-time requirements. The approach presented in this paper is based on fuzzy logic techniques. This has the advantage of being simple and less expensive.


Active drag reduction of an Ahmed model with a slant angle of 25o is experimentally investigated based on a combination of steady blowing over the rear window and behind the vertical base. The Reynolds number Re examined is 0.9 × 10 2.7 × 10. Steady blowing S1 was applied along the upper edge of the rear window, which has been demonstrated to be effective in suppressing the recirculation bubble on the slanted surface. This actuation led to a drag reduction up to 12%. Steady blowing S2 was deployed along two side edges of the rear window to break the well-known longitudinal C-pillar vortices, reducing drag by around 6%. Steady blowing S3 and S4 were applied along the upper and lower edges of the base to control the upper and lower recirculation bubbles behind the base to raise the base pressure, producing a drag reduction up to 12% and 15%, respectively. The combination of the four actuations achieved an impressive drag reduction of 25%, greatly higher than any previous drag reduction reported and in fact very close to the target set by automotive industries. Introduction The global warming and fast-climbing oil price in the past few years inspire resurgence in drag reduction research for vehicles. The method of steady blowing has been proven to be effective in delaying or even eliminating two and three-dimensional flow separation [2]. It is also relatively simple from a practical and implementation point of view. Naturally, this method has been widely deployed in studies on the active drag reduction of the Ahmed model. The wake of an Ahmed model with a slanted surface of 25o, corresponding to the high drag regime, comprises a separation bubble on the rear window, a pair of longitudinal C-pillar vortices at the side edges of the slanted surface and a recirculation torus behind the vertical base [1]. Controlling the interactions between the three types of coherent structures is the key of drag reduction techniques [5]. Wassen & Thiele [9] numerically deployed streamwise steady blowing along the upper and two side edges of the rear window, and the lower and two side edges of the base, producing a drag reduction by 6.4%. Under such actuation, the upper and lower recirculation bubbles behind the base were considerably enlarged longitudinally, and meanwhile the saddle point behind the bubbles was pushed farther downstream, resulting in a rise in the base pressure by 14%. In their numerical simulation, Bruneau et al. [3] used steady blowing through slots on the two side edges of the rear window to impair the C-pillar vortices, achieving 11% drag reduction. Aubrun et al. [2] deployed an array of steady microjets along the upper edge of the rear window, blowing normal to the slanted surface, achieving experimentally a drag reduction of 14%. This actuation was shown to be effective to reduce or suppress the recirculation bubble on the rear window, resulting in an increased pressure on the slanted surface. Previous investigations on active drag reduction have greatly enriched our knowledge in the control of the Ahmed model wake ( = 25) but also raised a number of issues that have yet to be clarified. Firstly, these efforts have achieved a rather limited success; the maximum drag reduction obtained for this model is only about 14% (Aubrun et al. [2]), substantially below the target (30%) set by automotive industries. Most of the previous studies focused on controlling one of the three types of coherent structures in the wake, neglecting the other two and their interactions. In their experimental and numerical investigations on the active drag reduction of an Ahmed model, Brunn et al. [4] found that, at  = 35, the synthetic jet placed at mid of the upper edge of the rear window reduced the separated flow region but at the same time triggered the development of C-pillar vortices; at  = 25, constant blowing near the two upper corners of the rear window weakened C-pillar vortices but increased the flow separation region. As a result, no significant drag reduction was achieved. Apparently, an effective and efficient active drag reduction technique requires a combination of different actuations schemes, i.e., producing actuations at different locations and orientations, which could not only weaken C-pillar vortices but also increase the pressure over the rear window and the vertical base. Yet, the optimum combination of different actuations for achieving a larger drag reduction remains elusive. As a matter of fact, there have been few studies that deployed a combination of different actuations for the control of an Ahmed body. This work aims to develop an effective active drag reduction technique for this model. Four different actuations, all based on steady blowing, are investigated. Steady blowing (S1) is arranged along the upper edge of the rear window to suppress the recirculation bubble on the slanted surface. Steady blowing (S2) is deployed along the two side edges of the rear window to break the C-pillar vortices. Steady actuations (S3 and S4) are applied along the upper and lower edges of the base to control the upper and lower recirculation bubbles behind the base to raise the base pressure. The dependence of each individual actuation on the momentum coefficient is examined, along with different combinations of S1, S2, S3 and S4 to maximize drag reduction. The net aerodynamic power saving is also estimated for each actuation scheme. Experimental Setup Experiments were conducted in a closed-circuit wind tunnel at Institute for Turbulence-Noise-Vibration Interaction and Control, Harbin Institute of Technology. The test section of the tunnel is 1.0 m high, 0.8 m wide and 5.6 m long. The flow speed in the test section is uniform to 0.1% and the longitudinal turbulence intensity is less than 0.4%. A flat plate (length × width × thickness = 2.6 m × 0.78 m × 0.015 m) was placed horizontally, 0.1 m from the floor of the test section, with its leading edge 1.5 m downstream of the exit plane of the tunnel contraction. The leading edge of the plate follows a clipper-built curve to minimize flow separation. A 1⁄2-scaled Ahmed model ( = 25) was placed on the plate, with its front end 0.3m downstream of the plate leading edge. The blockage ratio of the frontal surface of the model to the rectangular test section above the raised floor was around 3.9%. The right-handed Cartesian coordinate system (x, y, z) is defined in figure 1, with the origin O at the midpoint of the lower edge of the model vertical base. The model is 0.522 m in length (L), 0.1945 m in width (W) and 0.144 m in height (H), supported by four cylindrical struts of 15 mm in diameter. The ground clearance between the model underside and the surface of the raised floor was 25 mm. 101 235 z x z y 194.5


Objective To investigate the clinical significance of late- onset abnormal elevation of transaminase after hepatectomy. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 15 patients with abnormal elevation of transaminase after partial hepatectomy,who were admitted to our center from March 2009 to March 2012. The clinical implication of different types of late- onset elevation of transaminase was analyzed. Comparison between groups was made by t test or chi- square test. Results There were two different populations with abnormal elevation of transaminase after operation. There were differences in time of postoperative transaminase elevation,duration of transaminase elevation,and peak level of transaminase between survival cases and death cases. Conclusion Abnormal elevation of transaminase after hepatectomy is not commonly seen in clinical practice. The patients with late- onset elevation of transaminase at 3- 5 d after operation have poor prognosis,which should be given enough attention.


We examine the spin dependence of standard model Higgs boson production at large transverse momentum via the processes $\mathrm{gg}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}g{H}^{0}$, $\mathrm{qg}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}q{H}^{0}$, and $q\overline{q}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}g{H}^{0}$. The partonic level spin-spin asymmetries (${\stackrel{^}{a}}_{\mathrm{LL}}$) for these processes are large at Superconducting Super Collider (SSC) and Large Hadron Collider (LHC) energies.


In this paper, an operating algorithm for single-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor based on PR current controller is proposed. In general, an asymmetric gap may occur depending on the shape of the rotor of single-phase PMSM, and this causes noise and vibration during high-speed operation. Therefore, in this paper, an operating algorithm for a single-phase PMSM usihng a proportional resonant current conrtoller with excellent control stability was proposed. Proportional resonant current controller has on steady state error is relatevly robust against distortion. Also, steady state error of AC input can be eleminated without complicated calculation process. The validity and availability of the proposed algorithm are


A first principles study, was performed for a 2D, three atom thick monolayer of the Transition Metal Dichalcogenide (TMD) alloy Mo(S1-XTeX)2 adsorbed on an Al-terminated (0001)-sapphire surface. Bulk composition dependent binding energies and band-gaps, and a partial phase diagram, were calculated, using the cluster expansion method. Although the 3D Mo(S1-XTeX)2 alloy system has a phase diagram that is dominated by S-rich/Te-rich phase separation, the 2D system adsorbed on sapphire is dominated by S:Te-ordering. Five ground-state phases are predicted; all have P1 symmetry, and all disorder via contiuous (2'nd order) transitions. These results indicate that synthesis on the sapphire substrate is favorable for band-gap engineering, in which a continuous single phase solid solution allows continuous band-gap tuning, as a function of bulk composition. Whereas, bulk TMD-synthesis followed by exfoliation favors the formation of two-phase mixtures.


The full articles from Apendix: Publications have been removed due to copyright restrictions. The definitive version of the thesis can be consulted at the David Wilson Library, University of Leicester.


This paper is an attempt to place before engineers general information in regard to automatic telephone switching. The subscriber's requirements are independent of the means used to satisfy them. Automatic switching is uniformly fast and involves reduced mental stress to the user because the passing of the number is positive and waiting time is reduced to the minimum. Viewed by the owner the apparatus has longer life, the service is very acceptable to the public, and but a tithe of the female employees are used. Automatic switching apparatus has increased greatly in margin of safety. Much progress has been made toward standardization of form and toward best methods of maintenance. A few changes in structure are described and data given to show margins of safety in operation. Present practise regarding party lines and measured service (cash and credit) is stated briefly. The durability of automatic equipment is illustrated by the fact that plants have not yet worn out. Maintenance routines are essential to successful operation. Girls do routing testing with marked success. Rural telephone lines present problems which have been solved in several ways, influenced by the greater number of telephones per line, the conditions of signalling subscribers, and the inferior insulation often encountered. Code ringing can be retained. Rural automatic service is only a little inferior to city automatic service. The community automatic exchange serves a small group of subscribers, either isolated or part of a telephone network.


Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy (SLO) and Coherence Tomography (OCT) are complimentary retinal imaging modalities. Integration of SLO and OCT allows for both fluorescent detection and depth- resolved structural imaging of the retinal cell layers to be performed in-vivo. System customization is required to image rodents used in medical research by vision scientists. We are investigating multimodal SLO/OCT imaging of a rodent model of Stargardt's Macular Dystrophy which is characterized by retinal degeneration and accumulation of toxic autofluorescent lipofuscin deposits. Our new findings demonstrate the ability to track fundus autofluorescence and retinal degeneration concurrently.


This paper describes a new approach to code-generation. The central tenet is that there must be a more intimate coupling between register allocation and instruction selection than exists in present-day technology. This is achieved by generating code in very small regions and gradually coalescing the part of the program that is "compiled".


Introduction Colonic angiodysplasia represents a major cause of chronic gastrointestinal blood loss and hence morbidity, particularly in the elderly population.' The exact aetiology of angiodysplasia remains unknown but both congenital and acquired factors are almost certainly implicated. Left heart outflow tract obstruction has been associated with angiodysplasia. Previous reports have been limited to aortic stenosis.' There is no previous report of angiodysplasia in association with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM).


The traditional PI controller can not satisfy the demands of large range and high accuracy speed-regulation of 3-phase induction motor.A novel closed-loop speed regulation system was developed by using some components of active disturbance rejection controller(ADRC),which took place of the PI controller.The proposed system used extended state observer(ESO) to estimate the parameter variations,which indicates the controlled behaviors,and used the non-linear state error feedback(NLSEF)method for its model compensation.The simulation based on the regulation method of observation model and compensation technique was conducted.The simulation results proved that the proposed system showed the same performance as that of the PI one in higher speed,and better performance than that of the PI in medium and low speed.The system is less sensitive to deviations of the model parameters.It suits for large range of motor speed.


Report presenting an investigation in the full-scale tunnel to determine the effects of boundary-layer control by blowing over trailing-edge flaps on the low-speed performance and static longitudinal stability characteristics of a 60 degree delta wing-body-tail combination with variable flap positioning and leading-edge devices. Results regarding the flap lift characteristics at zero angle of attack, tail-off characteristics, tail-on characteristics, and low-speed performance characteristics are provided.


This paper studies whether there is any causal link between financial development indicators and economic growth, using Sims–Geweke causality tests performed in the large panel data set provided by Levine, Loayza and Beck. In sharp contrast to their findings, no evidence was found of any positive unidirectional causal link from financial development indicators to economic growth. On the contrary, a substantial indication that economic growth precedes subsequent financial development was found. As argued by Robinson, financial development might primarily follow economic growth, as a result of increased demand for financial services. Although the present result does not quite imply that the role of financial development in the development process is not important, the bottom line is that a more balanced approach to studying the relationship between growth and finance needs to be adopted. As termed by Lucas, the importance of financial development in economic growth might be very badly 'over-stressed'. Robinson and Lucas might be right.


This study explores the drivers of drought over northeast (NE) Africa as represented by monthly ERA5 potential evaporation during 1970–2022. The comparisons with surface heat flux and A-pan measurements suggest that potential evaporation quantifies moisture deficits that lead to drought. A principal component (PC) analysis of potential evaporation has the following leading modes: PC-1 in the Nile Basin and PC-2 in the Rift Valley. Time scores were filtered and regressed onto fields of SST, netOLR, and 500 hPa zonal wind to find teleconnections, and drought composites were analyzed for anomalous structure. The results identify that cold-phase Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) couples with the overlying zonal Walker circulation. Deep easterly winds subside at −0.1 m/s over the west Indian Ocean and NE Africa, causing desiccation that spreads westward from the Rift Valley via diurnal heat fluxes. Insights are gained on IOD modulation based on the Pacific ENSO, but long-range forecasts remain elusive.


Liturgical studies are not easily defined. It is a field that avails itself of many disciplines (e.g., theology, history, ritual studies, sociology, etc.) and many methodologies (e.g., ethnography, archaeology, critical theories, etc.). As such, the future of liturgical studies will unfold on many frontiers. The goal of this essay is to focus on one frontier that could benefit from renewed attention: teaching liturgical studies to undergraduate students. If the field of liturgical studies is going to continue to grow and evolve the way it has over the last fifty years, then I believe the undergraduate classroom must preoccupy us as much as the seminary classroom or the doctoral seminar. As seminaries close and humanities departments are steadily reduced to groups of instructors whose primary role is teaching introductory courses in a core curriculum, it will be beneficial to see this moment of crisis as an opportunity for exploring different ways of teaching. Too often, undergraduate education relies on what Paolo Freire called "the 'banking' concept of education." Students are presented with curated information which they are expected to understand and memorize. The good students are the ones who are quick to comprehend the information, but the best students are the ones who also show fascination and appreciation for what the instructor has offered them. To borrow the terminology of post-colonial theorist Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, the best students are the ones who most readily transform into the type of reader that is implied by the texts that have been chosen by the instructor. "In the [literature classroom] the goal is at least to shape the mind of the student so that it can resemble the mind of the so-called implied reader of the literary text, even when that is a historically distanced cultural fiction." In the liturgical studies classroom, this curated information often consists of liturgical rituals and rubrics, the history of their development, and commentary on the meaning of those liturgies provided by authoritative (often clerical) voices. According to Spivak, this form of pedagogy serves as a technology of colonization. The students' success depends on their ability to become like their instructors, learning to love the authorized content of the course. In Freire's words:


The article is dedicated to the topics of COVID-19 fear factors on the one side and the influence of this fear on using negative coping strategies on the other. The factors that we supposed that influence on COVID-19 fear is passing the COVID-19 test and experiencing COVID-19 symptoms personally or someone's close symptoms. There was not found any statistical difference in fear of COVID-19 in groups, where closest (friends or relatives) had COVID-19 symptoms or participants tested for the COVID-19. Only in groups of participants that had or had not COVID-19 symptoms we found a statistically significant difference. Half of the group who had the COVID-19 symptoms noted a decrease in COVID-19 fear while participants from another group mostly did not change their degree of COVID-19 fear. Thus, the experience of COVID-19 disease tends to decrease the level of fear. At the same time, there is no significant difference between these groups in general level of COVID-19 fear because this variable does not show changings during time, but only current level of fear. The other side of the article is researching of connection between negative coping strategies and the low resilience level. According to other researches, we chose smoking and cannabis use as negative coping strategies. Participants who used to smoke more than usual because of anxiety about COVID-19 had higher fear of COVID-19 and lower resilience than participants who did not do that. We got the same results for cannabis using, but we need to pay attention to small group volume: only 10 participants, because for students of universities with average high intellect, good education and cultural background this kind of risky behavior is not typical. As a result, in the groups that did not smoke or did not use cannabis as type of coping with COVID-19 anxiety (or even did not do it at all) the resilience level was higher and level of COVID-19 fear was lower, than in groups with such a negative copings. Also, we found statistically significant differences between more frequent smoking or non-smoking male groups in resilience and COVID-19 fear level, when in women groups there was not such a difference.


Giving attorneys more power in the voir dire (jury selection) process may allow them to 1) find grounds for dismissal of jurors whom they wish to strike on a priori grounds; 2) acquire information that enables them to identify favorably-inclined jurors more precisely; or both. Attorneys who are more skilled can better use such increased power to retain the jurors they prefer. We show theoretically that, because defense attorneys prefer non-white jurors a priori, the interaction of empowerment and defense attorney skill should produce juries with a greater proportion of non-whites if only the first mechanism is operative, but need not have this effect if the second is operative. We then examine these issues using a detailed dataset on all non-capital felony trials in four large and diverse counties over a two-year period. We find that skilled and empowered attorneys can indeed stack juries by retaining jurors predisposed to their side at a greater rate, and that the distribution of relative attorney skill in our data is such that defendants benefit on average. However, we find that empowerment has a small and insignificant impact on the racial composition of the seated jury, regardless of attorney skill.


The article presents theoretical studies to substantiate some parameters of the dielectric sorting device of alfalfa seeds, in particular: the width of the outlet slot of the hopper, the step and depth of the metering groove, the length of the limiter and the angle of its installation. When developing a theoretical study to substantiate the parameters of the sorting device, the physical and mechanical properties of a heap of alfalfa seeds were taken into account. Substantiated parameters make it possible to improve the design and thereby improve the technological process of sorting and cleaning of alfalfa seeds of a dielectric sorting device.


Semiconductor chips incorporate a large number of smaller memories. As memories contribute an expected 25 to 40 percentage of the overall performance, power and area of a product, memories should be planned cautiously to meet the current era system requirements. Memories are highly uniform and can be described by approximately ten different parameters. Thus, memories are typically generate by memory compilers, to enhance PPA utilization in memory compilers, A crux task in the design procedure of a chip is to choose optimal memory compiler parameters, which fulfill the one part of the system requirements while on the other part optimize PPA, we proposed training fully connected RNN to predict PPA outputs given to a memory compiler parameterization. We have used Open RAM for the generation of dataset the dataset consists of the parameters which can predict the PPA of the desired memory and model is training for the prepared dataset in python as Open RAM is also developed using python so it is easy to collect data from it. Using an exhaustive search based optimizer RNN framework which generates neural network predictions, In our method, a recurrent neural network model with different designs yielded accuracy up to 98 percent.


This paper investigates the network-based concentrated financial management for power grid enterprises.Firstly it introduces the application demand of accounting system in network economy environment and the status quo of financial management in power grid enterprises.It is indicated that without support of information technology(IT),it is difficult for a power grid group corporation to carry out effective management and control on its subordinate members because of many limitations.Existent questions in financial management are also particularized.And then it analyzes corresponding countermeasures and configuration scheme of IT resources.Finally,it puts forth measures to guarantee the network-based concentrated financial management for power grid enterprises.


Current proposals for high-definition television (HDTV) standards do not plan to increase the effective temporal resolution, and as a result, motion-induced degradations will not improve. Since improvements can come about only with a better understanding of the nature of these defects, the objectives of this research were (1) to categorize the subjective defects and (2) to explore their dependence on parameters of the image and of a model transmission system. The parameters include velocity, object size, presampling filter, transmission rate, and interpolation filter. Properties of visual perception, along with signal and Fourier domain analysis of images, were used to explain the appearance, and predict the behavior, of defects in test patterns observed on a special-purpose 120 fps display system. The principal motioninduced defects, identified as blur, multiple images, and small-area flicker, were strongly dependent on observer eye movements. In the worst case, none of the transmission rates examined, regardless of the filtering scheme, would permit completely defect-free image reproduction at velocities typical of television. The nature of defects in future HDTV, and conditions for their elimination, are inferred from theory and observations. Thesis Supervisor: Dr. William Schreiber Title: Professor of Electrical Engineering


The study aimed at verifying the effect the internal environment elements (organizational structure and culture) have on organizational commitment at the Social Security corporation in KSA,  a questionnaire was developed and distributed to a stratified random sample consists of 291 employees. the study reached the following outcomes, the existence of an acceptable level of organizational commitment among public enterprise workers, and showed that emotional commitment (Affective) is the most powerful in the organization, followed by the ongoing commitment (Continuous), while there is no acceptable level of normative commitment (Normative). There is no relationship between personal variables (gender, age, educational level, job position and practical experience) and the organizational commitment.. Keywords : Internal environment, organizational commitment, organizational culture, social insurance employee, and attitudes.


In recent years, the widespread diffusion of social networks has redefined the terms of all social relations. The employment relationship could not be excluded. The case law analysis leads to verify the usability of shared data, unless they are conveyed by private messages or filtered by specific authorizations. As regards the current regulations, the fidelity obligation pursuant to art. 2105 of the Civil Code, together with the good faith clause, represents the gateway to the juridical relevance of the extra-work use of these instruments. The balancing between the fiduciary bond and the constitutionally guaranteed person's rights is based on formal and substantive limits, as well as on the proportionality criterion, the dosage of which is entrusted first to the employer and then to the judge. In this evolving context, the internal rules of the company are called to play the central role of point of reference for the parties, as well as of aid for the judge, too often called to rule on the basis of mere general clauses.


The PNAE is one of the largest and most relevant public guarantee policies of Food and NutritionSecurity. In 2009, Law no 11.947 / 2209 brought an innovative aspect in determining theuse of at least 30% of the financial resource from FNDE, for the acquisition of products fromfamily agriculture. However, farmers often face institutional and organizational barriers thathamper their participation in this policy. This research was of the exploratory type and had asobjective to investigate the main difficulties faced by the family agriculture of Nova Timboteuain the insertion of their foodstuffs in the school feeding of the municipality. The National SchoolFeeding Program needs to be carefully (re) evaluated, both by the local manager and by theother actors involved, since the articulation between them has proved to be the main weaknessof the process of implementing this policy.


In modern application areas for software systems --- like eHealth, the Internet-of-Things, and Edge Computing --- data is encoded in heterogeneous, tree-shaped data-formats, it must be processed in real-time, and it must be ephemeral, i.e., not persist in the system. While it is preferable to use a query language to express complex data-handling logic, their typical execution engine, a database external from the main application, is unfit in scenarios of ephemeral data-handling. A better option is represented by integrated query frameworks, which benefit from existing development support tools (e.g., syntax and type checkers) and execute within the application memory. In this paper, we propose one such framework that, for the first time, targets tree-shaped, document-oriented queries. We formalise an instantiation of MQuery, a sound variant of the widely-used MongoDB query language, which we implemented in the Jolie language. Jolie programs are microservices, the building blocks of modern software systems. Moreover, since Jolie supports native tree data-structures and automatic management of heterogeneous data-encodings, we can provide a uniform way to use MQuery on any data-format supported by the language. We present a non-trivial use case from eHealth, use it to concretely evaluate our model, and to illustrate our formalism.


This paper establishes a duopoly model with technological RD in the market structure of Cournot competition.It studies the problem of selecting the right strategic alliance for enterprises with the different RD output spillover from the perspective of technological progress,price,scale of production,profit and total welfare.Thus the study reveals that enterprises'right selection of strategic alliance is not only relevant to the RD output spillover coefficient,the differential degree of product but also the efficiency RD.


The aim of this paper is to study the possibility of localizing the manufacturing of heat insulator for thermoplastic Composite propellant which plays an important role in modern warfare. The Original heat insulator had been tested and the mechanical properties were determined to take them as a reference results for the new one in working different formulation. The heat insulation materials which used are silicon dioxide, Titanium dioxide, Antimony tri oxide, calcium carbonate and talk powder. It was seen that, the using of the above materials grand good results in the first testing stage. When the heat insulator used in the production processes some remarks were appeared, such as the flow by heat during homogenizing process. One of the formulations suggested and tested, was passed all the production processes and tests in the real product and grant excellent results compared with the Original heat insulator. The erosion rate for local insulator was 0.36mm/s while the erosion rate for the Original one is 0.37mm/s. This work proved that, the production of heat insulator for Thermoplastic composite propellants can be localized successfully.


The value aspect of interaction between a person and the world is multiple and heterogeneous. When setting goals, a person needs an integral basis for interpretation of diverse values, situations, and ways of action. Such basis is offered by philosophical and religious concepts; they formulate generalizing strategies of goal setting. The generalization is reached by finding a universal principal value or by formulating an integral strategy of actions for the realization of principal values, or by a combination of both variants. The concept meaning of life serves as one of the ways of designating the generalizing strategies of goal setting. This concept implicitly means the possibility of a high degree of this generalization.


The synthesis of zeolite X from bituminous fl y ash (BFA) from the BLCP power plant in Rayong province of Thailand was examined. The initial Si/Al molar ratio of BFA was approximately 2, as determined via X-ray fl uorescence. A stock solution for the hydrothermal synthesis of zeolite X was prepared by extracting the Si and Al species from BFA using 3 M NaOH. The Si/Al molar ratio of the stock solution was 18.44. The Si/Al ratio, temperature, ageing time, and concentrations of NaOH and KOH were investigated during the synthesis of zeolite X. QXRD, SEM, and BET were used for the characterization of zeolite X. For the optimal sample conditions, the Si/Al molar ratio of the stock solution was adjusted to 3 using Na2AlO3 dissolved in a KOH solution, followed by ageing at room temperature for 24 h and after ageing, the hydrothermal synthesis was performed at 75 °C for 24 h; the sample prepared under these conditions contained the highest amount of crystalline zeolite X (98.7%), with a surface area of 527.59 m2/g.


The title aliphatic thiolato complex, whose trans positions were occupied by two sulfur atoms, was newly prepared and its crystal structure was determined by the X-ray diffraction study. The Co-S bond distances in that complex are longer than the ordinary one. Reaction of the complex at 50 °C in water gave cis(S)-[Co(aet)2(en)]+ and trinuclear complex, [Co{Co(aet)3}2]3+.


The current generation of learners has been very much influenced by technology. Instructors have the power to engage learners in the learning activity using online resources, tools, or apps at learners' level of interest. However, there has been the issue of clearly defining integration of technology in education. Technology integration in education is a process, and it would be considered effective if learners are capable of choosing a tool which can help them to acquire, analyze, synthesize, and present the information in a timely and professional manner. Nevertheless, technology is a means or a tool to achieve an end goal, and technology is not the end in itself. This paper discusses the various tools and resources available for education and their advantages and disadvantages. How can we improve the technology integration? What are the options available? This paper discusses these issues and their possible solutions.


Melipona fasciculata Smith ("tiuba"), native and stingless bees that produces honey, wax and geopropolis and is cultived in Maranhao State. This study aimed to standardize the methodology for the extraction of geopropolis employing the quantification of total polyphenols and flav onoids compounds as parameters. The geopropolis proceeding from "meliponarios" of city Palmerândia-MA of which were obtained from alcoholic extracts, hydroalcoholic and aqueous using factorial design factors: operation of extraction (maceration and apparatus Soxhlet) hidromodul (ratio drug / solvent) and extractor liquid (100% ethanol, 70% ethanol, 50% ethanol and water). In the extracts was evaluated the concentration of total polyphenols and fl avonoids,through the Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride colorimetric methods using UV-Vis spectrophotometric method. The results showed that the extracts obtained with pure ethanol and 70% ethanol and hidromodul 1:5, showed higher extraction efficiency , and higher concentrations of total polyphenols and fla vonoids. The results valid the analithical method to extratives Melipona fasciculata geopropolis as basis for the obtaining of data for the quality control and standardization of the product.


developed. Through this device, the author leaves no chance of being not understood or misunderstood. This book is a most welcome addition to the literature on Kesavanmid and can be recommended as a 'must-read' book to all those interested in the study and analysis of the most stormy phase of Indian constitutional development. It is a scholarly work well worth its price. The printing is .almost accurate and the get-up attractive. The placement of notes at the end of the complete text, however, makes their consultation tedious.


In this paper some inequalities for the maximum modulus of the polar derivative for polynomials with restricted zeros are obtained by using the boundary Schwarz lemma of Osserman. Our results generalize and refine some well-known results concerning the polynomials due to Turan, Dubinin and others.


The article is devoted to diverse processes that took place in the Russian theatre and playwriting at the end of XIX century. Special attention is given to the work of V. Krylov as a typical theatre-playwright figure of that time on the one hand, and on the other hand as a special symptom that vividly showed real necessity of transformation of the Russian theatre.


Previous research has discovered that certain risk factors are associated with domestic violence victimization, including age, drug and alcohol abuse, prior incidents of victimization, the presence of children, and pregnancy; race and relationship status have inconclusive results as risk factors. Pregnancy as a risk factor for domestic violence has not been as widely studied as other factors. Law enforcement officers, as first responders to domestic violence calls, would greatly benefit from research on risk factors for victimization and evidence-based practices for domestic violence. This study had one hypothesis and two research questions, which sought to ascertain whether patrol officers have accurate knowledge of common domestic violence risk factors, including pregnancy, via a knowledge index based upon the literature and whether this knowledge had a statistically significant relationship with their years of experience on patrol and their level of experience with domestic violence calls. An anonymous survey was distributed to deputy sheriffs on all five shifts at one substation in northern California. Pearson???s chi-square analyses were used to test the level of statistical significance of the relationships.


BACKGROUND
Hiatus hernia is characterized by axial separation between the lower esophageal sphincter and crural diaphragm, and higher reflux burden. Impact on reflux is unclear if such separation is intermittent rather than persistent.

METHODS
Reflux burden off antisecretory therapy was compared between no hernia (n=357), intermittent hernia (n=42) and persistent hernia (n=155) after review of consecutive high resolution manometry and reflux monitoring studies.

RESULTS
Proportions with pathologic acid exposure was similar between intermittent and persistent hernia (45.2% vs. 46.5% respectively); both were significantly different from no hernia (28.7%, p≤0.002).

CONCLUSIONS
Intermittent hiatus hernias are clinically relevant in gastroesophageal reflux pathophysiology.


Background: Somatoform disorders are generally under-diagnosed and seldom treated in hospital psychiatric services, generally due to the patient's resistance to accept the fact that the problem is emotional and not organic. We believe it is important to report these cases in order to broaden our knowledge of this disorder. Objective: To present a case of Somatization Disorder and verify the literature. Methodology: A complete history was carried out, together with a bibliographic review and a discussion establishing a contrast between the clinical findings and the existing literature. Results: Cardiology, Medicine, Gastroenterology and Neurology ruled out a known medical disease that could explain the patient's symptoms. Clinical characteristics found in the psychiatric evaluation strengthened the diagnosis of a somatoform disorder. DSM IV TR diagnostic criteria were difficult to apply since these were found to be very restrictive. In spite of that we believe the diagnosis to be Somatization Disorder even though it does not completely fulfill the DSM IV TR diagnostic criteria. Conclusions: Good communication among the different medical specialties and with the patient improve the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of the disease. It is necessary to apply different types of psychotherapy in the treatment of these patients in primary care.


Hossain et al. (2005) have recently suggested that fatigue and sleepiness can be independent consequences of sleep disorders. They found that a majority (64%) of referred patients with sleep disorders had pathological fatigue scores without overlap of sleepiness, while only 4% had pathological sleepiness without overlapping fatigue. To clarify the relationship between fatigue and sleepiness is of general interest since fatigue is a frequently encountered symptom also in other diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS), where fatigue is one of the most disabling symptoms. Here we present data on the relationship of fatigue and sleepiness in a sample of 53 patients (39 females, 14 males) with relapsing-remitting or secondary progressive MS from an ongoing study on fatigue and actimetry in MS patients. Patients had a mean age of 42 ± 11 years. Mean duration of the disease was 7.3 ± 6.7 years and the mean score on the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) was 2.8 ± 1.5. All patients were under treatment with Interferon-beta 1b (Betaferon). Exclusion criteria were psychoactive medication or treatment with corticosteroids during the last 3 months. The patients completed different questionnaires, two of them addressing fatigue and sleepiness. As in the study by Hossain et al. (2005) fatigue was assessed by the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS; Krupp et al., 1989) and sleepiness by the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS; Johns, 1991). Mean (±SD) scores were 4.2 ± 1.6 for the FSS, and 8.3 ± 3.7 for the ESS. We adopted from Hossain et al. an FSS cut-off scores >3 for increased fatigue and an ESS cut-off score >10 for pathological sleepiness. As in the Hossain et al. analysis we classified the MS patients into four groups according to their FSS and ESS scores. Twenty-five patients (47.2%) were fatigued but not sleepy, 12 patients (22.6%) were both fatigued and sleepy while only three patients (5.7%) were not fatigued but sleepy. The remaining 13 patients (24.5%) were neither fatigued nor sleepy (Fig. 1). The observed proportions are close to those reported by Hossain et al. for patients with sleep disorders, 63.9% scored high on fatigue only, 19.1% on fatigue and sleepiness, 3.9% on sleepiness only and 13.1% neither on fatigue nor on sleepiness. The data from both samples suggest that self-rated fatigue and sleepiness are two dimensions, which vary independently to a large degree. However, while Hossain et al. reported a low correlation (r 1⁄4 0.18) between FSS and ESS total scores, this correlation was higher and significant (r 1⁄4 0.52, P < 0.001) for our sample of MS patients. To further explore the relationship between the two scales, we have performed a single-item analysis (chi-squared tests). Taking multiple testing into account, only P-values £ 0.01 were accepted as statistically significant. Four of eight ESS items were significantly related to one or more FSS items, namely the items ESS 1 (sitting and reading), ESS 2 (watching TV), ESS 3 (sitting, inactive in a public place, e.g. a theatre or a meeting) and ESS 4 (as a passenger in a car for an hour without a break). From the nine FSS items, only three (FSS 1, FSS 3 and FSS 4) were significantly related to single ESS items. The single-item analysis showed that there is limited overlap between both scales, and that the correlation between the FSS and ESS total scores depends essentially on a subset of items. The four ESS items, which were significantly related to FSS items describe situations where patients tend to fall asleep unintentionally while sitting more or less inactive. The four remaining ESS items, which did not correlate significantly with FSS items, describe situations where sleepiness is either intended or at least not clearly avoided, as in item 5 ( Lying down to rest in the afternoon when circumstances permit ) and item 7 ( Sitting quietly after a lunch without alcohol ), or situations, where sleepiness would be absolutely inappropriate as in items 6 ( Sitting and talking to someone ) and 8 ( In a car, while stopped for a few minutes in traffic ). It would be of interest to see whether patients with sleep disorders show a Correspondence to: Stefan Merkelbach, Department of Neurology, HELIOS-Klinikum Erfurt, Nordhäuser Str. 74, 99089 Erfurt, Germany. Tel.: +49 361 781 2131; fax: +49 361 781 2132; e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com 24.5


The manner of development is an important factor for the success of open-source software (OSS). Through mining the information of developer's commits, researchers within the community of software engineering can investigate evolutionary aspects of OSS projects and analyze developer's behaviors and collaboration. In this paper we conducted statistical analyses on commit activity for four OSS projects, and found that (1) the commit size in terms of new definitions roughly follows a powerlaw distribution, and exhibits self-similarity in the temporal dimension; (2) there are five common zones for the distribution of commit activity across various releases in terms of our indicator, and there exists an interesting "deadline effects" in the last zone (i.e. so-called rushing deadline); and (3) developers do prefer to fix bugs in the stage of rushing deadline, perhaps due to deadline pressure. These findings may provide a new insight into schedule planning, resource allocation and quality assurance of OSS projects. Keywords-open-source softare; commit; power law; release; self-similarity


The first third of the article by Carr & Claxton on tracking the development of learning dispositions is in essence a position statement. The balance is an evaluative review of possible methodological approaches for assessing or measuring learning dispositions. This response to their article challenges two claims in the position statement section. The first counter-claim is that dispositions are so functionally dissimilar from capabilities that it is doubtful whether dispositions are stable enough for their assessment to be valid or worthwhile. The second challenge is directed towards the proposition that an effective and legitimate way to place value on some aspect of education or to have value placed on it by others is to formalise its assessment and reporting. This argument is flawed in the case of dispositions, but is also inadequate as an argument in general.


MARRIAGE in the modern world, and throughout history, has been an institution that every young person was supposed to aspire to be a part of. For a concept that is so deeply entwined in society that everyone is expected to be a part of it, marriage has been exclusionary since its inception towards certain communities of people. A battle between public policy, religion, and social norms is waged every time a group of people is included, or excluded, from being able to marry. The current polarizing issue is that of same-sex marriage. The institution of marriage in society is generally regarded as extending only to male-female relationships, although most marriage statutes use gender-neutral language. Whereas, many examples of acceptance of homosexual marriages has only been recently forthcoming as society is gradually becoming more permissive. This change is reflected in the increasing number of jurisdictions, which have decriminalized   such acts. However, many jurisdictions have retained their statutory prohibitions on homosexual marriages despite much criticism from groups and individuals who believe that the sodomy law is obsolete and should be repealed. Hence same-sex relationships, regardless of their duration, are not legally recognized in most countries and as a result, homosexual partners are denied many of the legal and economic privileges automatically bestowed by marital status.


In spite of the apparent importance of social integration for work collec- tives within organizations, information systems researchers have so far paid little, if any, attention to evaluating its role in system development projects. The present study tries to contribute to the literature by proposing and testing a model that examines some of the antecedents and consequences of social integration in sys- tem development projects. Data collected from system development project lead- ers working in 84 US organizations were used to test the model. The findings suggest that higher social integration and, consequently, higher system develop- ment project performance is best attained when management provides basic sup- port for the work of the project. The results also reveal that the nature of the relationship between social integration and project performance may be contingent upon some other factors. The implications of the findings of this research are discussed.


IL-37 has been shown to play an immunosuppressive role against inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. However, the role of IL-37 in tumor development is still controversial. Recent studies demonstrated that IL-37 could recruit NK cells, stimulate CD4+ T cell activation, as well as inhibit tumor angiogenesis to suppress tumor progression in different tumor models. Other studies suggested that IL-37 could affect DC function to suppress adaptive immune response. In the current study, we found that IL-37 could directly inhibit hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell expansion and promote its apoptosis. The in vivo results showed that IL-37 could inhibit HCC development through enhancing the T cell cytokine production and killing capacity in murine orthotopic HCC model and DEN-induced HCC model. This anti-tumor effect was fully abrogated in NOD-SCID mice. Furthermore, we found that IL-37 could also inhibit tumor angiogenesis in peritumoral areas. The in vitro study showed that recombinant IL-37 protein could directly promote the migration, tube formation and IL-1R8, VEGF, MMP2 expression in HUVEC cells. However, the supernatant from IL-37 expressing HCC cells showed an inhibition on the HUVEC cell migration and tube formation, suggesting its secondary role on angiogenesis through tumor cells could be dominant in the tumor microenvironment. Overall, these results showed that IL-37 could suppress HCC development through T cell activation and angiogenesis suppression.


The subject of this paper is a thematic analysis of a bilingual collection of poems by Drago Trumbetaš entitled "Poems of guest-workers" ("Gastarbeiter-Gedichte"). The poems in this collection were written during his stay in FR Germany from 1969 to 1980. Drago Trumbetaš (1937–2018) was a versatile Croatian self-taught artist and a member of the first wave of Yugoslav economic migrants who went to "temporary" work in the developed countries of Western Europe in the 1960s. During his stay in FR Germany, Trumbetaš worked various low paid physical jobs and his artistic expression was strongly imbued with personal migrant experiences. Almost all artistic work of Trumbetaš (series of drawings, novels, plays and poetry) is devoted to depicting the life of Yugoslav gastarbeiters. After determining the prevailing topics on the collection of poems, an analysis of their meaning will be undertaken through the anthropological, sociological and historical literature on the phenomenon of "temporary workers abroad". Poetry of Trumbetaš has been interpreted in the broader context of the "migrant poetry" development in FR Germany since the 1970s. Particular attention will be paid to analyzing the ways of poetic self-representation of migrant workers, the ways of articulating identity through poetry in a new and different cultural and social environment respectively. The problem of using literary texts written in the first person, which are therefore shaped by the subjective aspirations of individual authors, as relevant sources in ethnological and anthropological studies of migration is problematized in this paper.


Photoionization efficiency (PIE) spectra of CH3SO, CH3SOH, and CH3SS(O)CH3 were measured in the spectral range 110–150 nm by means of a discharge flow system coupled to a photoionization mass spectrometer that employs a synchrotron radiation source. These species were generated by reacting O atoms with CH3SSCH3 in the flow tube; a microwave discharge was employed to produce O atoms from O2. Alternatively, C2H5SCH3 replaced CH3SSCH3 to form CH3SO, CH3SOH, and other products. Ionization thresholds of 8.99±0.02, 8.67±0.03, and 8.82±0.05 eV were determined for the first time for CH3SO, CH3SOH, and CH3SS(O)CH3, respectively. The former two values agree well with theoretical calculations with the G2 method. The latter value fits satisfactorily with those predicted for CH3SS(O)CH3 with the G2MP2 method; the G2 method was not employed in this case due to the numerous atoms in this molecule. Ionization thresholds of CH3S and CH3S2 were also determined to be 9.27±0.03 and 8.62±0.05 eV, respectively, in agreement wi...


Breast cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers and causes the second leading cancer deaths in women. In 2019, the American Cancer Society (ACS) reported 268,600 new cases of breast cancer in the U.S. and about 41,760 women were expected to die from the disease. Unfortunately, the recovery rate from advanced breast cancer using the current available drug treatment is still unacceptably low. In recent years, small molecule therapeutics gained a substantial popularity as they revolutionized the whole drug discovery and development process. Novel small molecule cancer drugs that are rationally designed on advanced chemical and biotechnological computations are likely to exceed the efficacy of many existing drugs. Our target, the tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ) core structure is an important pharmacophore in natural products. The THIQ moieties were reported to be selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) and microtubule disruptors and also possess potent cytotoxic activities such as antitumor and antimicrobial activities. In our laboratory, N-amination of substituted isoquinolines by the aminating agent, O-mesytelenesulfonylhydroxylamine and treated with acyl chlorides led to the formation of ylides. The ylides were reduced using sodium borohydride to give the desired substituted tetrahydroisoquinolines in moderate to good yields. The synthesized compounds were characterized using NMR and elemental analysis. The novel compounds were evaluated in vitro for antiproliferative activity on MCF-7 (ER +ve), MDA-MB-231 (ER -ve) and Ishikawa (endometrial) cancer cell lines. Compound 4-amino-N-(7-bromo-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl)benzamide showed significant cytotoxic activity (IC50 values 2.7, 9.51 and 1.05 µg/mL) on MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and Ishikawa cell lines, respectively in comparison to Tamoxifen (8.99, 10.64, 9.59 µg/mL, respectively). These results indicated that novel substituted THIQ derivatives can be considered as potential and effective cytotoxic agents against MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and Ishikawa cell lines. This research was supported by the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities of the National Institutes of Health under the Award Number U54 MD007582. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. This research was also made possible by Grant Numbers U54CA233396, U54CA233444, and U54CA233465 from the National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Cancer Institute (NCI). Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the NCI. Citation Format: Kinfe Ken Redda, Madhavi Gangapuram, Wang Zhang, Suresh Eyunni. Design and synthesis of substituted tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives as an antibreast cancer agents [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 514.


In this paper,the history and development of modeling,simulation and control is briefly introduced,and the limitations to the simulation and control of system and the challenge that will faces discussed.Through the description of trends of study and research on it,we suggest the scientific methods and theory of improve the characteristics and function of system,problems and difficult prospected for its further development,the great prospect of it also valued here.


There is a growing movement in undergraduate computer science (CS) programs to embed ethics across CS classes rather than relying solely on standalone ethics courses. One strategy is creating assignments that encourage students to reflect on ethical issues inherent to the code they write. Building off prior work that has surveyed students after doing such assignments in class, we conducted focus groups with students who reviewed a new introductory ethics-based CS assignment. In this experience report, we present a case study describing our process of designing an ethics-based assignment and proposing the assignment to students for feedback. Participants in our focus groups not only shared feedback on the assignment, but also on the integration of ethics into coding assignments in general, revealing the benefits and challenges of this work from a student perspective. We also generated novel ethics-oriented assignment concepts alongside students. Deriving from tech controversies that participants felt most affected by, we created a bank of ideas as a starting point for further curriculum development.


Noncommissioned reviews arise when an author approaches a journal with anything from an idea to a completed review. The review has most value if its content has been systematically researched and gathered together, if the author is a credible, recognized expert in the field, there is no personal author bias, and there is a clear explanation of the benefit and risk of recommendations. Journal editors and authors can further improve value by ensuring that reviews meet suitable standards (eg, are supported by a needs assessment) and by following best publishing practice guidelines. For medical communications companies handling publications programs, noncommissioned reviews can pose specific challenges, based on balancing their value, as described above, with the perception of these articles by their clients ("it's only a review—we should focus on primary data") versus that of the target audience ("it's an industry-sponsored review, so it will be biased or promotional"). Careful journal selection is essential—not just for specifics such as circulation, readership profile, timeliness of publication, acceptance rate, or reputation— but also in terms of whether the target journal mainly publishes review articles or is focused more on primary research. Some primary research publications do not publish reviews, arguing that the primary content is already available in the literature, and pages devoted to a review would exclude publication of new primary research. Although there might be some value in the comprehensive update review that contains hundreds of references and simply regurgitates the current literature, a focused review providing authoritative, considered opinions and recommendations from a recognized expert or expert group and based on a systematic review of the literature with a rigorous, prespecified literaturesearching strategy provides far more value and maximizes impact and credibility.


Two patients who sustained severe blunt injury to the pelvis without external injury to the upper abdomen or lower chest, yet who were found to have a ruptured solid upper abdominal viscus, are reported. The first patient on delayed arrival revealed clinical features suggestive of intra-abdominal bleeding and was found to have a grade 3 ruptured spleen. With the second patient, upper abdominal injury (in this instance, a pancreatic laceration) was not initially suspected owing to the absence of clinical evidence of injury to the abdomen. It is postulated that both the splenic and pancreatic injuries were the result of a shockwave propagated through the abdomen following the severe external impact to the pelvis.


The influence of temperature and relative humidity on moisture content of corrugated paper and moisture content on elastic modulus of corrugated paper were studied by experiments.The three-dimensional image among moisture content,temperature,and relative humidity was constructed.The results showed that the moisture content of corrugated paper decreases with increase of temperature and increases with increase of relative humidity;the effect of relative humidity on the moisture content of corrugate paper is greater than temperature;the elastic modulus decreases with increase of moisture content.


OBJECTIVE:To evaluate efficacy and the cost-effectiveness of sequential therapy of cefuroxime in the prevention of postoperative infections in gynecological patients.METHODS:311 patients who have undergone gynecological surgery were randomly divided into 2 groups:155(sequential therapy group,group A) were assigned to receive cefuroxime 0.75g~1.5g by iv gtt b.i.d for 2 days followed by oral cefuroxime tablets 500mg b.i.d for 4~6 consecutive days,and 156(control group,group B) to receive single cefuroxime 0.75g~1.5g by iv gtt b.i.d for 5~7 consecutive days.Efficacy and the cost-effectiveness in 2 groups were analyzed respectively.RESULTS:The first-rate healing rates of incisions in group A and group B were 94.8% and 96.8%,respectively.The postoperative temperature change and the ADRs in two groups were of no statistical difference.The cost-effectiveness ratio in group A was lower than in group B.CONCLUSION:Similar therapeutic effect was noted in both groups(P0.05),but the total medical cost was significantly lower in sequential therapy group than in control group,suggesting its pharmacoeconomic advantage.


Solid waste management (SWM) seems to be a simple and easy issue to tackle, especially for engineers, when compared with sanitation or drinking water supply. However, in practice many countries, in the North as well as in the South, face major difficulties in establishing solid waste management systems that are technically and environmentally sound, financially viable and socially acceptable.The fast growth of the urban population, combined with the physical outgrowth of cities, rapid industrialization and changes in consumption patterns, have all contributed to a tremendous growth in the quantities and a transformation of the composition of solid waste. In many cities in the developing countries, the resulting impact of solid waste on health, economic activities, and the overall envi-ronment has reached fearful dimensions. Lack of budget at the local level and lack of technical adequate waste management standards at the national level have contributed to poor municipal solid waste (MSW) performance in many developing countries. Little has been documen-ted about the experiences of micro and small-scale enterprises (MSEs), community-based organizations (CBOs) and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in the field of solid waste management. This paper focuses on the role of MSEs & CBOs and NGOs, which have not been recognized for long time. It is an attempt to elaborate their role in preserving the environment and minimize pollution, with focus on the MSEs & CBOs and NGOs working in the field of solid waste management.


A short, efficient synthesis for 1-(2-[18O2]-nitro-1-imidazolyl)-3-methoxy-2-propanol ([18O2]-misonidazole) from 2-aminoimidazole is described. The required 18O-labeled sodium nitrite (82.6 atom %) was conveiently synthesized by the treatment of sodium nitrite with DOWEX 50W (H+) in H218O. When 2-aminoimidazole reacted with excess of 18O-labeled sodium nitrite in the presence of sulfuric acid containing copper sulfate in H218O, the 18O-labeled 2-nitroimidazole was formed with a reasonable yield (43%). [18O2]-Misonidazole (70 atom %) was achieved with good yield by the coupling of sublimed 18O-labeled 2-nitroimidazole with freshly distilled 1,2-epoxy-3-methoxypropane in ethanol in the presence of a catalytic amount of anhydrous potassium carbonate under reflux for one hour. The desired product was purified by recrystalization and TLC, and characterized by 1H NMR and mass spectra. The 18O content and distribution of synthetic 18O-labeled misonidazole was determined from the FAB-MS spectra.


In this paper, we propose a novel Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) scheme based on Spatial Modulation (SM) and termed as Pre-coding aided Differential Spatial Modulation (PDSM). By mapping information to the receiver side space-time transmit blocks and conducting differential modulation, the PDSM scheme achieves further reduced receiver side complexity in comparison with Pre-coding aided Spatial Modulation (PSM). A general upper bound on the Average Bit Error Probability (ABEP) achieved by the PDSM architecture with an arbitrary number of transmit antennas and two receive antennas is derived, and an exact closed-form ABEP expression is provided for BPSK signaling in Rayleigh fading environment. The PSM architecture with the same system configuration is chosen as a benchmark for performance comparisons. Simulation results validate the analysis and reveal a less-than-3dB Signalto- Noise power Ratio (SNR) penalty of the considered system in comparison with the benchmark.


In this paper we introduce respeaking crisis points (RCPs), understood as potentially problematic moments in the respeaking process, resulting from the difficulty of the source material and/or cognitive overload on the part of the respeakers. We present results of the respeaking study on Polish participants who respoke four videos intralingually (Polish to Polish) and one interlingually (from English to Polish). We measured the participants' cognitive load with EEG (Emotiv) using two measures: concentration and frustration. By analysing peaks in both EEG measures, we show where respeaking crisis points occurred. Features that triggered RCPs include very slow and very fast speech rate, visual complexity of the material, overlapping speech, numbers and proper names, speaker changes, word play, syntactic complexity, and implied meaning. The results of this study are directly applicable to respeaker training and provide valuable insights into the respeaking process from the cognitive perspective.


Due to the particularity and complexity of the underwater environment, the perception ability of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) has become a hot issue in recent years. In this paper, the detection system was developed for bioinspired Spherical Underwater Robots (SURs) based on the pressure sensor array. Firstly, the sensor array based on the SUR model was proposed using pressure sensors, adding new dimension to near-flow detection and perception method. Then, the detection system was constructed and the hydrodynamic pressure variables are analyzed. Next, the data acquisition of the pressure sensor array was described. Furthermore, the SUR prototype was assembled carrying the pressure sensor array. Finally, a series of locomotion experiments were performed to verify its performance. The experimental results validated the effectiveness of the proposed detection system, which had a certain reference value for AUV underwater detection and state estimation.


Patients with Diabetes Mellitus have been expanding every year due to the population growth, urbanization, aging, and increasing prevalence of obesity. Butterfly Pea Leaf also known as Clitoria ternatea L. has been investigated for having antihyperglycaemic activity toward the blood glucose level of alloxan-diabetic mice. The present study was conducted to produce sachets containing powder product from BPL extract through spray-drying method in order to increase convenience of storage and distribution process. Maltodextrin become a parameter in spray-drying method. Based on preliminary research, the most suitable concentration of maltodextrin was 10%. Sachets from BPL extract were distributed to 30 diabetic patiens from Puskesmas Pulo Armin, Bogor. All patients were treated by sachets from BPL extract for around four months. The treatment shows the decreasing level of blood glucose from diabetic patients as well as it could keep the blood glucose level remain stable in normal range without leading to hypoglycaemia. Whole blood hematology and kidney function were also tested before and after treatment to maximize the result of this research.


This report describes the implementation of an ADAMS prototype called the ADAMS Preprocessor (AP). The goals of the project are discussed and then the specific subset of the ADAMS interface language which is supported by the AP is defined. After presenting the systems's user interface and an overview of the language's basic concepts, a BNF notation is used to precisely define its syntax and the exact semantics of each statement are specified. In addition, complete sample ADAMS programs are supplied. Finally, the results of the prototype effort are summarized. This document is intended to serve as a user's guide for those wishing to use the AP to implement ADAMS programs. However, readers who are interested only in a high level overview of the prototype and its capabilities may skip the more detailed sections. 3 refs., 6 figs.