The purpose of this study is to find the general conditions under which spontaneous, approximately sinusoidal oscillations will build up in an idealized system consisting of a stream of electrons flowing between two admittance sheets in crossed electric and magnetic fields. The motivation for a small-signal, greatly oversimplified theory is as usual the hope that the results after comparison with experimental data nay make it possible to reach a better qualitative understanding — at least — of the behavior of realizable systems and to show the way towards further improvement of the performance of these systems. The independent variables that are given particular attention are the admittances of the boundary surfaces, i.e., the "circuit" characteristics of the oscillator. The very general statement of the problem makes it possible to make some comparisons between the mechanisms of oscillation in travelling-wave and magnetron oscillators. The theoretical investigation presented studies the mode of oscillation in a re-entrant system formed by an ideal laminar stream of electrons partly filling the space between two plane boundaries of specified wave admittances. Comparisons are made between propagation parallel and perpendicular to the constant magnetic field. The particular purpose of the study is to survey the conditions under which modes exist that in the small-signal range show exponential growth of amplitude with time, in the hope that the result provide some better understanding of the limits for spontaneous initiation of oscillations in travelling-wave oscillators and magnetrons. When at least one of the boundary admittances contain inductance components, the wave guide formed by the admittance walls and the space between them is a propagating structure, and the classical small-signal travelling-wave-amplifier theory applies. More interesting are the cases where this structure is operated under cut-off conditions and attenuates only, in the absence of the beam. The wall admittances are then resistive and capacitive, and the analysis indicates that within certain ranges of the parameters spontaneous oscillations can still occur. Each root to the characteristic equation obtained for a specific case of boundary admittances leads to a relation between the radian wave numbers α and γ, on the one hand, and the complex frequency on the other hand, with beam velocity and dimensions as parameters. A study of this relation reveals the range of the parameters for which self-excited oscillations can be obtained, the electronic timing obtainable by varying the parameters, primarily the beam voltage, and the mode selection rules when a set of different wave numbers are permitted. The significance of the lower boundary (y = 0) and of its admittance is apparent in a magnetron, where the cathode surface forms a boundary which may have considerable wave resistance and, in case of a helical shape, also appreciable wave reactance. When a potential minimum exists, it is a rather complicated problem to state the boundary condition realistically. The analysis shows definitely, however, that even for very small perturbations the space charge is by no means a perfect shield around the cathode, and that the finite cathode admittance has an appreciable effect on the natural modes of oscillation of the system. The wide-range operation of voltage-tunable magnetrons may possibly be explained on the basis of this analysis. It is too early to present such a detailed interpretation here; only a general outline may be in order. When the anode admittance is large, the resistivity of the cathode may provide the necessary condition for the existence of growing waves even at frequencies where the mode is primarily capacitive, thus making the oscillation only to a minor extent depending on the anode circuit. The mode selection and the variation of output power with frequency is still likely to be determined by the anode circuit and its matching network, even if the frequency range over which oscillations occur is not to any appreciable degree.


The elastic constant $C$ of pure solid C${}_{60},$ measured at low frequencies with a dynamical mechanical analyzer, exhibits in the vicinity of the order-disorder phase transition at ${T}_{c}=260$ K a qualitatively different type of behavior. Besides the expected negative dip, an additional positive peak appears close to ${T}_{c}$ in the real part of $C$, resulting in a double anomaly. The experiments show that this hardening is due to a slow relaxational process. Within the macroscopic Landau theory we discuss possible origins of this unusual effect. We present a qualitative description based on the heat-diffusion central-peak model, which describes low-frequency dynamics near phase transitions. Extending this model with a critically temperature-dependent thermal diffusion time, we can explain the double anomaly by a crossover from isothermal to adiabatic behavior and back. The difference between the two limits arises due to a coupling between the fluctuations in order parameter and in temperature.


Objective\ To study the ultrasonographic changes and flow characteristic of thromboangitis obliterans(TAO) by color Doppler flow imaging(CDFI) and compare the diagnostic value between CDFI and periarteriography(PAG). Methods\ 51 pathological arteries (including radial, ulnar, dorsalis pedis arteries) and 64 normal arteries relatedly had been detected with 7.5 MHz color Doppler probe. TAO was compared with the contrast from twodimensional ultra sonograms and hemodynamics. Results\ T5BZThe walls of pathological vessels had thickened 12 mm( P 0.05). The spots of intenser echoes on the endangiums had been detected. The inner diameters of the vessels became narrow about 35% ̄49%. The value of peak flow velocities in systolic and diastolic final phases increased. The resistance indexes(RI) decreased, but the RI increased in 9 serious stenosis's vessels(RI0.95). The accuracy and sensitivity of CDFI were significantly higher than those of PAG (81.25%). Conclusions\ The ultrasonograms and hemodynamics of TAO could be analysed by CDFI. CDFI can replace PAG as the first selective method in diagonsing of TAO.


The main objective of this work is to describe the performance of banking supervision over the activities of commercial banks in Slovakia and its comparison with selected supervisors in other countries. We chose the U.S., France and the Czech Republic. The whole work is contained in four chapters. The first chapter summarizes the history and development of banking in Slovakia in different periods. At the end of this chapter, we briefly describe the development of banking supervisory measures and activities of the NBS. In the second chapter, we pay attention to the characteristics of banking supervision in Slovakia, we describe the importance and need for its existence. In the following subchapters, we discussed the various activities of banking supervision. The third chapter introduces us the tools and effective ways to carry out effective bank supervision. The most important part is the last fourth chapter, which describes the banking supervision in the U.S., France and the Czech Republic. Summary of the last chapter reflect our opinions compared to banking supervision and also to assess the country with the most effective banking supervision


Construction land assets accounting is an important part of land assets accounting, which is of great significance in the rational use of land resources and the evaluation of government management effect. This paper puts forward the comprehensive value accounting method of state-owned construction land based on the cooperative game model, and preliminarily explores the accuracy test method of accounting results. The results showed that, the calculation method of comprehensive value of construction land based on cooperative game model can reflect the value of all kinds of construction land more comprehensively. It is a supplement to the existing method of calculating the asset value of construction land based on single value signal, and can provide reference for land asset accounting.


Project deal with production and description software application servant to chance generation benchmark. Work is split into two parts. Forepart forms theoretic piece of knowledge and information necessary for successful encompassment production application, i. e. find here information on using evolutionary setting Web Developer 2005, web server, way compilation source text code, used programming language, and so on. In second parts find detailed description application, i. e. operating principle with application no matter what already from look manager, or user.


The energy E(G) of a graph G is equal to the sum of the absolute values of the eigenvalues of G . Two graphs Ga and Gb are said to be equienergetic if E(Ga )= E(Gb) . Numerous families of non-cospectral equienergetic graphs have been reported so far. However, until now it was not noticed that there exist pairs of graphs whose energies differ insignificantly. We refer to such graphs as almost–equienergetic. A detailed study of almost–equienergetic trees is provided.


New 3rd generation designer ansa-ruthenium(II) complexes, featuring N,C-alkylene-tethered N,N-dialkylsulfamoyl-DPEN/η6-arene ligands, exhibit good catalytic performance in the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of various classes of (het)aryl ketones in a HCOOH/Et3N mixture.


SUMMARY A bulk seedling test is described which can be applied shortly after completion of a crossing programme. The test assesses resistance to G. pallida in progeny derived from crossing programmes involving S. luberosum, S. vernei and S. tuberosum spp. andigena. It provides good estimates of both the mean level of resistance within progenies and the breeding value of the parents. The test was applied to a crossing schedule involving a half-diallel and a North Carolina 2 design utilizing a range of material. The results and their implications are discussed.


1.1 It is widely acknowledged that London is experiencing a housing crisis, with a chronic lack of supply of new homes driving higher prices and decreasing levels of affordability. This crisis affects all tenures, ranging from the introduction of affordable rents in the social housing sector, through rapidly growing rents in the private rented sector, to median house prices in Lewisham that are more than ten times the median income.


215 ic [6] . Autoimmunity has been proposed as a mechanism in the pathogenesis of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy [7] . Myocarditis refers to infl ammation of the cardiac muscle and can result in dilated cardiomyopathy. It is often asymptomatic and tends to affect younger people. There are many postulated causes including viral infection, toxins and systemic autoimmune disease. The development of autoimmunity to cardiac muscle in response to infectious or other stimuli has been proposed as a mechanism by which myocarditis leads to dilated cardiomyopathy. Furthermore, it is possible that this progression of disease occurs in a subgroup of people with an appropriate genetic background [8] . As with multiple sclerosis, there is an increased occurrence of other autoimmune diseases in the fi rst-degree relatives of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy [9] . Our patient clearly fulfi ls the criteria for a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. She also developed a dilated cardiomyopathy for which there was no clearly attributable cause. Glatiramer acetate has not been associated with cardiomyopathy to the best of our knowledge. Cardiomyopathy is a rare complication of interferon (mainly interferon ) therapy, and usually improves after cessation of this therapy [10] . We could fi nd no previous report of the concurrence of dilated cardiomyopathy and multiple sclerosis, but there are reports of myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy associated with autoimmune thyroid disease [11–13] . Although our patient had normal thyroid function tests, the elevated antithyroid antibodies suggest the presence of subclinical autoimmune thyroiditis. Furthermore, there is additional evidence of autoimmunity in our patient as shown by a weakly positive antinuclear antibody titre and the presence of antismooth muscle V antibodies. This is consistent with an underlying genetic predisposition to autoimmunity. In conclusion, we have reported a patient with multiple sclerosis and idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. We suggest that these are clinically manifest autoimmune conditions in an individual with a genetic susceptibility to autoimmunity.


Apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) is one of the most important fruit crops cultivated in the temperate region of the world. A better understanding of the origin and evolution of the cultivated apple and its phylogenetic relationship to the wild species of Malus is important for future apple breeding and germplasm conservation and utilization. There are two current view points on the origin of the cultivated apple (M. domestica). One point suggests that the early cultivated apple was raised directly from M. sieversii through domestication, while the other implies that the cultivated apple was of hybrid origin between M. sieversii and another species of Malus Miller. Summarizing the current literatures, in this paper the author reviewed the existing hypotheses, and the existing experimental evidences for the origin of cultivated apple were discussed including the important advances made in the studies of cytology, palynology, molecular markers and DNA sequence analysis etc. Finally, some suggestions for future study are put forward.


This paper describes a probabilistic fracture mechanics (PFM) analysis of aged nuclear reactor pressure vessel (RPV) material. PFM approach is regarded as an appropriate method in rationally evaluating plant life and in risk-based decision making such as risk-informed inspection, since it can consider various uncertainties such as sizes and distributions of cracks, degradation of material strength due to aging effects, fluctuating loading histories, accuracy and frequency of preand in-service inspections. Thus, various PFM computer programs have been developed and applied in practical situations in the last two decades. But the most programs can calculate only for surface cracks, because of the difficulty of evaluating fracture parameters for embedded cracks, and the cost of computation. A new simulation program has been developed to solve PFM analysis of RPV with both elliptical embedded cracks and semi-elliptical surface cracks. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the program, one of PFM round-robin problems set by JSME-RC111 committee, i.e. "aged RPV under normal and upset operating conditions" was solved. The effect of ignorance of embedded cracks is also examined, and the availability of usual PFM codes, which ignore embedded cracks, is discussed.


It is environmental-friendly construction method for treatment of waste water and reduction of scattering dust in tunneling work. Waste water could be recycled by the application of drum screen in spraying functional water of jumbo drill and watering atomizer equipment. Scattering dust and heavy metals also could be reduced by spraying of atomizer equipment and blasting of rocks in tunnel at once.


Cousin marriage appeared to have a significant role in the birth of disabled children. This is a comparative study on the frequency of cousin and non-cousin marriage among the parents of disabled children and parents of normal children in Kermanshah. In this Ex Post Facto research, employing simple random sampling, 250 parents of disabled children were selected, and the same sample size for parents of normal children was selected, applying simple cluster sampling. A checklist made by Afrouz in 2008 was utilized for collecting data. Chi-square was applied for data analyzing in SPSS-11.5 program. The findings showed that frequency of cousin marriage was higher among the parents of disabled children (64%) compared to the parents of normal children (26%). There was also significant difference between disabled childs birth and type of parents marriage (P<0.001). Furthermore, the frequency of type of disability (blind, deaf, mental retarded, handicap) varied in different types of cousin marriage of parents. The study showed that cousin marriage is an important factor in the birth of disabled children. Therefore, proper actions should be taken in order to decrease the prevalence of disability amongst newborns including promotion of knowledge of youngsters and families about the risks of cousin marriage, and genetic consulting before and after marriage.


the spleen sufficiently downwards to make the whole of the outer surface of it palpable.-Dr. GEORGE: MURRAY showed a man, aged 40, suffering from Hodgkin's Disease. There was I white to 200 red blood corpuscles. Arsenic had not materially benefited him.-Dr. HUME showed and commented on a series of recent cases illustrating points in Abdominal Surgery (lymphangioma of mesentery; cases convalescent after operation for appendicitis; a case of free internal haemorrhage arrested after draining and constant pumping; a case of intussusception, the ileo-colic valve protruding through the anus).-Mr. PAGE showed a man who developed an Abdominal Tumour after a Crush of his Abdomen. The diagnosis of pancreatic cyst was verified by operation, and the cyst was treated by attaching it to the anterior parietes and drainage. The fluid of the cyst contained a quantity of bile, which was interesting, for this had probably regurgitated through the duct of Wirsung. The fluid answered all the tests for pancreatic juice. Mr. Page also showed a man recovered after Extraperitoneal Rupture of the Bladder and Fractured Pelvis.


The experimental results of many years of research on the agroecological aspects of the revival of agricultural industries in the territory contaminated with radionuclides as a result of the Chernobyl disaster are presented, analyzed and summarized. It is shown that in the remote period of development of the radiation situation, the most critical branch of agricultural production is dairy farming, and the product is milk produced in personal subsidiary plots of the population. Therefore, along with the economic feasibility and expediency of the formation of a highly productive branch of agricultural production, it is necessary to provide the measures for minimization the individual effective equivalent dose of exposure to the population by ensuring the production of products that are guaranteed to be safe in terms of radiation. The main ways to achieve this are the preparation and using of animal rations, the content of radionuclides in which, according to predictive calculations, cannot lead to exceeding the permissible levels of Cs in milk, as well as the saturation of fodder crop rotations with plants that have a potentially low ability to accumulate radionuclides.


1Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan 2Institute of Behavioral Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan 3Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan 4Addiction Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan 5Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan 6Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan *Correspondence author: Ru-Band Lu, Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


The present invention discloses an electric breast pump, relates to the field of maternal appliance. Including a breast shield, two breast shield, a three-way, two-way, the control panel; unique: the pump is provided with a vacuum pump and a second inner master; said vacuum pump through a pipe with a tee and a suction It is connected to a brassiere; the vacuum pump is connected through a pipe with two two-way and two breast shield; master control circuit control the vacuum pump and a vacuum suction force and the two vacuum pumping frequency. May also be provided with a converter valve between said output conduit and a vacuum pump II. Suitable conditions on both sides of the breast (breast size, lactation, etc.) asymmetrical maternal physical good or adequate milk, requires larger vacuum suction force, speed up the amount of breast, breast completed in a short time using maternal . Electric breast pump according to the present invention is easy to use, adapt to the characteristics of the various needs of different mothers and the like.


In this study, spatial coherence tunable random lasing is proposed by designing a random laser with separate coupling configuration between the gain medium and the scattering part. By using the polymer dispersion liquid crystal (PDLC) film with tunable scattering coefficient for supplying random scattering feedback and output modification, red, green and blue random lasers are obtained. By applying or removing electric field to manipulate the scattering intensity of the PDLC film, intensity and spatial coherence of these random lasing are then switched between the high or low state. This work demonstrates that controlling the external scattering intensity is an effective method to manipulate the spatial coherence of random lasing.


Several novel chiral N-heterocyclic carbene and phosphine ligands were prepared from (S)-BINOL. Moreover, their ligated Au complexes were also successfully synthesized and characterized by X-ray crystal diffraction. A weak gold-π interaction between the Au atom and the aromatic ring in these gold complexes was identified. Furthermore, we confirmed the formation of a pair of diastereomeric isomers in NHC gold complexes bearing an axially chiral binaphthyl moiety derived from the hindered rotation around C–C and C–N bonds. In the asymmetric intramolecular hydroamination reaction most of these chiral Au(I) complexes showed good catalytic activities towards olefins tethered with a NHTs functional group to give the corresponding product in moderate yields and up to 29% ee.


The semiconductor manufacturing industry adopts multi-cluster tools as wafer fabrication equipment. If one of process modules fails, a multi-cluster tool cannot follow the normal schedule to complete the process recipe of work-in-process wafers and must empty these wafers by a closing down phase. It is economically paramount to shorten the close-down process with a process module failure (FCDP) and make no loss of wafers. However, due to the wafer residency time constraints, it is rather difficult to respond to a module failure and find a corresponding optimal schedule. By assuming no parallel modules at a step, this work studies this important issue for multi-cluster tools. For process-dominant multi-cluster tools whose optimal steady state schedule is known, we analyze the task sequences to avoid deadlock at the shared buffer modules. Algorithms are proposed to synthesize the proper sequences for robots in case of a process module failure, then, a nonlinear program model is derived to find an optimal schedule for the corresponding close-down process or decide no feasible solutions. An example is present to show the application of our proposed method.


The aim of this contribution was to design a control program for the production cell using Esterel, an imperative language for reactive programming. Esterel is based on the perfect synchronization hypothesis and relies on signal broadcasting. The Esterel program is executable. It may either be simulated, or, interfaced with simple C-functions, run as a UNIXprocess, or cross-compiled to be executed by a micro-controller. Some properties of the program are proven by an Esterel-compatible model-checker. The contribution explains the language and the synchronous paradigm, describes the integration of Esterel into a complete embedded system, discusses design style and use of compiler, theorem prover and graphic tool. The first section introduces to the language, the second to the design of the production cell. The third section discusses in more detail the ROBOT_PRESS module and how properties are proven, the fourth the interfacing of Esterel with the "real" environment. In the last section experiences are reported. 5.1 A Quick Introduction to Esterel Esterel is a member of the family of synchronous programming languages, which also comprises Lustre, Signal and StateCharts. This family spans a wide range of modelling styles: StateCharts are well-suited as means for specification, Lustre and Signal are declarative languages based on a dataflow model, Esterel is an imperative language. Synchronous programming languages are well-suited for reactive programming. [1]


The excitation and amplification of the propagating plasmons in a periodic active (with population inversion of charge carriers) graphene-based structure with dual grating-gate with an asymmetric unit cell is studied theoretically. Such structure transforms the normally incident THz electromagnetic wave into sustained or amplified unidirectionally propagating plasmon. This effect is caused by simultaneous excitation of radiative and 'non-radiative' plasmon modes at the same frequency.


As we have indicated in the introductory section, the employment protection legislation was drafted principally with full‐time, permanent employees — so called "core workers"— in mind. The legislation of the mid‐70s which established the "statutory floor of employment rights" effectively excluded millions of workers from its protections because they were considered to be self‐employed, or failed to qualify through lack of continuity of employment. Indeed, it may well be argued that, if the policy behind the legislation was to protect those workers which collective bargaining could not reach, the groups who were excluded — the "peripheral workers" — were the ones in the greatest need of protection.


Discloses an apparatus and method for automatically compensating image gradients for a mobile terminal display. The apparatus and method of capturing the user image, the user determines the line of sight, calculating image gradient between the user's view of the mobile terminal and the reference coordinate system and generates control information to adjust the displayed image to compensate for image gradient.


SummaryThe diploid cotton species can constitute a valuable gene pool for the more agronomically desirable cultivated tetraploid cultivars and offer better opportunities to study gene structure and function through gene knockouts. In order to exploit these advantages, a regeneration system is required to achieve these transformation-based goals. Carbohydrate source and concentration were evaluated to improve somatic embryo (SE) production and desiccation treatments to improve the conversion efficiency of SEs to plants in a diploid Gossypium arboreum accession, A2-9 (PI-529712). Improved SE numbers and their subsequent conversion into plantlets was achieved with a Murashige and Skoog (MS)/sucrose-based medium M2 [0.04M sucrose, 0.3 μM α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA)] On this medium, 219 embryos per g initiated, and close to 11% of these embryos germinated into plantlets. Neither a 5-d desiccation treatment of embryogenic callus previously cultured in liquid medium nor filter paper insertion improved the numbers of SEs induced or their conversion to plantlets. A 3-d desiccation period resulted in improved plant regeneration. When immature G. arboreum SEs induced on M1 (0.2M glucose, 2.6 μM NAA, and 0.2 μM kinetin) medium underwent a 3-d desiccation treatment, 49% of these immature SEs were converted to plantlets after a 4-wk period on M2 medium. These improved results will help to pave the way for future genetic transformation and associated gene structure and function studies utilizing G. arboreum. These results, in particular the 3-d desiccation treatment, can also be incorporated into regeneration protocols to improve the regeneration efficiency of other Gossypium species.


Based on the symptomatology after acute intoxication of the insects, pyrethroids fall into two classes: Type I, non-a-cyano-pyrethroids, such as permethrin, which affect generally the peripheral body activities and type 1\ pyrethroids -characterized chemically by a cyano substituent-, such as cyhalothrin, which induce central actions (Wouters and Van den Bercken, 1978; Lund and Narahashi, 1983; Narahashi, 1985).


We present predictions for the surface density of ultracool dwarfs (with spectral types M8–T8) for a host of deep fields that are likely to be observed with the James Webb Space Telescope. Based on simple thin and thick/thin disk (exponential) models, we show that the typical distance modulus is &mgr; ≈ 9.8 ?> mag, which at high Galactic latitude is 5 log ( 2 z scl ) − 5 ?> . Since this is a property of the density distribution of an exponential disk, it is independent of spectral type or stellar sample. Using the published estimates of the ultracool dwarf luminosity function, we show that their number counts typically peak around J ∼ 24 ?> mag with a total surface density of &Sgr; ∼ 0.3 ?> arcmin−2, but with a strong dependence on galactic coordinate and spectral type. Owing to the exponential shape of the disk, the ultracool dwarfs are very rare at faint magnitudes ( J ≥ 27 ?> mag), with typical densities of &Sgr; ∼ 0.005 ?> arcmin−2 (or ∼ 20 ?> % of the total contribution within the field). Therefore, in very narrow and deep fields, we predict there are only a few ultracool dwarfs, and hence these stars are likely not a severe contaminant in searches for high-redshift galaxies. Furthermore, the ultracool dwarfs are expected to be considerably brighter than the high-redshift galaxies, so samples near the faint end of the high-redshift galaxy population will be the purest. We present the star-count formalism in a simplified way so that observers may easily predict the number of stars for their conditions (field, depth, wavelength, etc.).


Policing continues to struggle with the wave of mobile phone theft that emerged from the mid-1990s onwards. In this decade, the rate of increase may be waning, but the next wave may be approaching. Mobile phone smart wallets combine smart card technology with mobile phones, and the potential for identity theft and financial crime—and hence the attractiveness of theft—is likely to increase with smart wallets. This could spur new forms of theft, violence and other crimes. However, the market testing of technologies in Japan may be inappropriate for crime-proofing purposes, because of Japan's low crime rate. The criminogenic potential of smart card and mobile smart wallet technologies warrants further examination. If policing is to avoid a potential crime problem, discussions with manufacturers should begin before the problem takes hold.


The Los Angeles Basin Standard Traffic Model is a computer model of the air traffic expected in the basin in 1982. The report explains the methodology used to project into the 1982 time frame a similar model of 1972 traffic. A technique known as time compression was used to make the projection. This report also defines the two types of models produced, the snapshot and scan-by-scan models, and it explains how the former was extracted from the later. (Modified author abstract)


and 60kg/cm2 hydrogen pressure, in order to have a better understanding of the reactions. Reaction products were analyzed by means of a gas chromatographic unit. Reaction rate and selectivity were studied at low conversion levels with the following results: (1) Paraffinic hydrocarbons with higher number of branches were converted faster than did those with lower number of branches; (2) Isomerization reaction of a paraffin molecule to others with the same number of branches were very fast; (3) Hydrocracking reactions were very slow compared with isomerization reactions except for trimethylpentanes; (4) Decyclization reactions of methylcyclopentane and methylcyclohexane were very slow. Discussed were the reaction path and mechanism, and it was suggested that tertiarycarbonium ions are more reactive than secondary ones and far more reactive than primary carbonium ions because of the higher rate of adsorption of olefins to form tertiary carbonium ions, the higher concentration of tertiary carbonium ions on acidic sites, and the higher rate of desorption of the tertiary carbonium ions.


We are in a war with no rear areas or front lines. We have to instill the Warrior Ethos into the mobilized soldiers we train. Every soldier must be able to function as an infantryman. Soldiers must have tough, realistic, hands-on, repetitive training until their response is intuitive. When soldiers get off the bus at the [mobilization] station, they must feel they have arrived in Iraq or Afghanistan. We have a non-negotiable contract with the American people to prepare [our] sons and daughters for war. We must use imagination and innovation to do this better than we ever have before. We cannot," we will not fail in this task. * BETWEEN 11 September 2001 and the summer of 2003, the First and Fifth Continental United States Armies (CONUSAs) mobilized and deployed thousands of Reserve Component (RC) soldiers from the U.S. Army National Guard (ARNG) and the U.S. Army Reserve for the Global War on Terrorism. In the First Army's area of responsibility (AOR) alone, some 77,924 RC soldiers were trained and deployed from mobilization stations east of the Mississippi River. By the fall of 2004, this number grew to 191,491. Some soldiers and units were employed in the United States as part of Operation Noble Eagle; others deployed to combat zones as part of Operations Iraqi Freedom and Enduring Freedom. CONUSA mobilized additional ARNG and RC forces and deployed them to the Kosovo Force, the Stabilization Force in Bosnia, and Joint Task Force Guantanamo. Initially, most of these soldiers and units were combat support (CS) and combat service support (CSS) soldiers. Dynamics changed during the summer of 2003. Entire ARNG-enhanced brigades were called up for duty in combat zones. In the First Army AOR, the 30th Brigade from North Carolina was the first such formation mobilized for employment in Iraq. The 30th Brigade began postmobilization training, with the 24th Infantry Division (ID) in oversight. The 2d Training Support Brigade (TSB) of the 78th Division, Training Support, heavily reinforced with trainers from the 78th and 87th Divisions, had the lead for training. The 30th Brigade executed postmobilization training at Fort Bragg, North Carolina; Fort Stewart, Georgia; and Fort Drum, New York. This was a historic mission; it was the first time an entire ARNG-enhanced brigade mobilized and deployed to a war zone under the First Army's auspices. The effort was a success, but the First Army experienced challenges and learned significant lessons. During the summer of 2004, the First Army mobilized multiple ARNG brigades in the form of Tennessee's 278th Regimental Combat Team (RCT) and Mississippi's 155th Brigade Combat Team (BCT). To avoid competing with active units for training resources on active posts, both formations mobilized at Camp Shelby, Mississippi. The 278th RCT trained at Camp Shelby from June through September then executed a mission rehearsal exercise (MRX) at the National Training Center (NTC) in October. After completing the MRX, the 278th RCT returned briefly to Camp Shelby then deployed to theater in November. Similarly, the 155th BCT trained at Camp Shelby from July through October, executed an MRX at the NTC in November, and deployed to theater in December. Leading the First Army effort was a 24th ID command and control (C2) cell with the 3d Brigade of the 87th Division (heavily reinforced by elements of the 87th and 85th Divisions) as the lead trainer. This approach created an economy of scale that saved resources, particularly training support brigade observer/controller-trainers (OC-Ts). Lessons learned during the 278th RCT's training applied to the 155th BCT's training. Both brigades mobilized at a single location. First Army introduced a new approach to postmobilization training--theater immersion--a training concept that is now the watchword for postmobilization training across the entire First Army AOR. Reserve Component units called up for mobilization are of all shapes and sizes and perform myriad missions requiring varying training programs. …


Abstract : This technical report provides an overview of the state of the art of control system design for swarming UAVs. An overview of trends and future needs for military applications of UAVs is presented first. Linear controller design for aircrafts is then reviewed in the context of UAV systems. Comparative analysis of flight, collision avoidance and mission control approaches for swarming UAVs is provided. Then, advanced nonlinear UAV control designs including several feedback linearization techniques, Neural Network implementation, Fuzzy Logic application incorporated with Linear and Nonlinear Model Predictive Control for swarming UAVs are analysed. Finally, the importance of Hardware in the Loop Simulation is discussed. Simulation and experimental validation results will be presented in subsequent reports.


The term 'word' has been defined by Lyons (I 981: 18) as being 'any sequence of letters which, in normal typographical practice, is bound on either side by a space'. Lyons (1984:101) states that sing, sings, sang and sung are different / orms of the same word, viz., 'sing'. When the 'word' 'sing' is talked about in this sense, Bauer ( 1984: 11) claims that 'it refers not to the particular shape that a word bas on a particular occasion, but to all the possible shapes that the word can have. For this sense of "word" the term lexeme will be used'. The word-forms sing, sings, singing, sang and sung are thus all subsumed under the lexeme, or vocabulary-word, 'sing', and they are described by Lyons (1984: IOI) as being its in/ lectional I orms.


Natural disasters such as Fukushima earthquake and tsunami in 2011, Haiti earthquake in 2010, Hurricane Katrina in 2005 and Indian Ocean tsunami in 2004 were evident for large volumes of waste generated overwhelming existing solid waste capacities, requiring special approaches. This was further aggravated by prevailing improper Municipal Solid Waste Management practices with inadequate management capacities, specifically in developing countries. These resulted in social, economical and health issues such as unpleasant odor, ground water contamination and epidemics. This is also applicable to Sri Lanka which was severely affected by Indian Ocean Tsunami in 2004 and prevailing dengue epidemic due to improper Municipal Solid Waste Management practices. In this context, this paper reveals approaches for capacity building over identified capacity gaps in disaster waste management in Sri Lanka. Case study research approach was used and multiple cases were selected representing all stakeholders involved in disaster waste management. Data were gathered through fifteen semi structured interviews. Unavailability of a regulatory body, pre-planned frameworks and enforceable rules and regulations and capacity constraints are identified as major gaps in disaster waste management in Sri Lanka. Establishment of a regulatory body and enforceable rules and regulations with necessary levels of capacities can attain sustainable disaster waste management for future resilience in Sri Lanka.


An algorithm for modelling and numerical simulation of the three dimensional conjugate heat transfer in slab-embedded snow melting and freeze protecting systems is developed. The influence of the climate conditions on the heat transfer in the constructions is modelled according to the correspondent design method of ASHRAE. The models are verified and solved numerically via finite volume method for a road embedded hydronic installation at different piping configurations. The fluid flow parameters and temperature fields in the construction are obtained at steady state climate conditions, hardest for 95 % of the wintertime for the region. An analysis of the efficiency of the modelled configurations is implemented based on the computed snow-free area ratio of the road surfaces.


An improved medical drag hook of the utility model relates to a medical apparatus, in particular to a surgical apparatus. The utility model provides a medical drag hook which has the advantages of that the exposed visual field is clear, the surgical condition is improved, the surgical success rate is increased, the labor is saved when the doctor holds the handle, and the utility model is not easy to slip out. The technical proposal adopted by the utility model is that the main body of a medical drag hook consists of a hook head, a hook neck and a handle, a battery unit is installed on the hook neck, a slim type strip lamp is installed on the upper end of the hook head which is closed to the hook neck, a switch is installed on the rear part of the battery unit, the surface of the handle is designed to be a rugged surface. The utility model is mainly applicable to the surgical operations of neck, five sense organs, etc.


An automobile-mount diesel engine with a turbocharger is provided, which includes an engine body with the turbocharger, the engine body being mounted in the automobile and supplied with fuel containing diesel fuel as its main component, a fuel injection valve arranged in the engine body so as to be oriented toward a cylinder of the engine body and for directly injecting the fuel into the cylinder, an injection control module for controlling a mode of injecting the fuel into the cylinder through the fuel injection valve, and an EGR amount control module for adjusting an amount of EGR gas introduced into the cylinder. EGR and fuel injection are adjusted based on speed-load conditions of the engine.


Abstract The critical dynamics of supersonic combustion waves is studied in the context of the direct initiation of detonation in a spherical geometry. The study is performed by an asymptotic analysis in the limit of small heat release, including unsteadiness, curvature and the gradient of the burnt-gas flow. Derivation of analytical expressions for the rarefaction wave in the burnt-gas flow, combined with numerical studies, provides the basis of the analysis. The critical trajectories 'detonation velocity vs front radius' $\mathcal {D}(r_f)$ are characterized by a decay well below the Chapman–Jouguet (CJ) velocity at a small radius (however, larger than the detonation thickness), followed by a re-acceleration process back to a CJ detonation. The phenomenon is explained by the dynamics of the sonic point inside the inert rarefaction wave behind the reaction zone. The key mechanism is a critical slowdown as soon as the sonic condition (relative to the lead shock) approaches the reaction zone from behind, leading to an increase of the time delay in the nonlinear response of the combustion wave to the rarefaction-wave-induced decay. Detonation fails if the rate of decay is strong enough to prevent the sonic point catching the reaction zone. Concerning successful initiation, the link between the trajectories $\mathcal {D}(r_f)$ of the fully unsteady problem and of the self-similar CJ solution of the discontinuous model is deciphered in the long-time limit.


Considering the time-varying meshing stiffness, damping, teeth errors and backlash of the gear pairs, the dynamic governing equations of a two-staged gear system with 5 degree of freedom are established. The basklash of the gear pair is expressed into multinomial, and the meshing stiffness, teeth errors are expanded into Fourier series. By adopting the thought of Adomian's decomposition algorithm, the A-operator method (AOM) is used to obtain the response of the gear system on teeth errors. According to the simulation results, the teeth errors can cause the stronger vibration within the researched speed range, at the same time, the separation phenomenon of lower speed gear pair takes place and higher dynamic loads are caused. When the separation phenomenon appears, the frequency spectrum is complex, and quasi-periodic motion may be happened.


Abstract Background: Little is known about the effects of verbal instructions on the technique and performance of sports-related tasks. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate the acute effects of knee alignment instructions on knee kinematics and the performance of a single-leg jump in female adolescent soccer players. Methods: Twenty-eight adolescent female soccer players completed three blocks of 15 single-leg jumps. The participants were randomised to an experimental group receiving verbal instructions focussing on proper knee alignment (the avoidance of knee valgus) or to a control group only receiving instructions on task execution. Outcomes were knee kinematics (flexion and valgus angles) and jump performance (number of incorrect trials and contact time). Results: The experimental group demonstrated 36% less knee valgus and 11–13% greater knee flexion compared to the control group. While jump performance remained unchanged in the experimental group over the course of the experiment, the control group demonstrated a 20% decrease in the number of incorrect trials and a 25% reduction in contact time over the course of the experiment. Conclusions: The present results indicate that verbal instructions accentuating proper knee alignment benefit knee kinematics but not jump performance in adolescent female soccer athletes.


Abstract: Certain halogenated hydrocarbons, e.g., dichlo‐roacetylene, are nephrotoxic to experimental animals and neurotoxic to humans; cysteine‐S‐conjugate β‐lyases may play a role in the nephrotoxicity. We now show that with dichlorovinylcysteine as substrate the only detectable cysteine‐S‐conjugate β‐lyase in rat brain homogenates is identical to glutamine transaminase K. The predominant (mitochondrial) form of glutamine transaminase K in rat brain was shown to be immunologically distinct from the predominant (cytosolic) form of the enzyme in rat kidney. Glutamine transaminase K and ω‐amidase (constituents of the glutaminase II pathway) activities were shown to be widespread throughout the rat brain. However, the highest specific activities of these enzymes were found in the choroid plexus. The high activity of glutamine transaminase K in choroid plexus was also demonstrated by means of an immunohistochemical staining procedure. Glutamine transaminase K has a broad specificity toward amino acid and α‐keto acid substrates. The ω‐amidase also has a broad specificity; presumably, however, the natural substrates are α‐ketoglutaramate and α‐ketosuccinamate, the α‐keto acid analogues of glutamine and aspara‐gine, respectively. The high activities of both glutamine transaminase K and ω‐amidase in the choroid plexus suggest that the two enzymes are linked metabolically and perhaps are coordinately expressed in that organ. The data suggest that the natural substrate of glutamine transaminase K in rat brain is indeed glutamine and that the metabolism of glutamine through the glutaminase II pathway (i.e., l‐glutamine and α‐keto acid α‐ketoglutarate and l‐amino acid + ammonia) is an important function of the choroid plexus. Moreover, the present findings also suggest that any explanation of the neurotoxicity of halogenated xenobiotics must take into account the role of glutamine transaminase K and its presence in the choroid plexus.


The present study was carried out to investigate the possible toxicity in liver and kidney of adult mice exposed to a combination of three solvents, viz., benzene, toluene and xylene, in a 1:1:1: ratio, similar to that used in paint and thinner industries. The mice were divided into three groups viz., Control, Low Dose (450ppm) and High Dose (675ppm) treatment groups using randomization methods. The treated groups were exposed to vapours of a mixture of benzene, toluene and xylene at a low dose of 450ppm and a high dose of 675ppm, for 6 hours per day, for a short-term, 7 day exposure period. The study revealed that the exposure to the solvent mixture caused an increase in the weights of liver and kidney as compared to control. Following exposure significant histological alteration was observed in both liver and kidney. Biochemical analyses indicated a significant decline in the activities of free radical scavenging enzymes SOD and Catalase in both treated groups, with corresponding increase in lipid peroxidation. Solvent exposure also resulted in elevated activity of serum aminotransferases (ALT, AST) which are marker enzymes for liver function, with significant alterations in the levels of protein, creatinine and cholesterol in these tissues. In correlation serum thyroid hormones T3 and T4 were also significantly altered. This study therefore demonstrates that exposure to the solvent mixture resulted in significant dose dependent biochemical and histological changes in the vital tissues (liver and kidney) studied. The study has specific relevance since human beings are increasingly being exposed to such solvents due to their increased use in combinations in paint related industries.


An equation has been derived to calculate the compressibility factor of natural gas if three of the four following quantities of the gas are known: the gross caloric value (H/sub s/), the specific gravity (d), and the mole fractions of nitrogen and carbon dioxide. An excellent agreement has been found between predicted and experimental compressibility factors; the accuracy of the equation is approximately 0.1% in the temperature range from 0 to 40/sup 0/C and pressures up to 80 bar. The equation is based on natural gases which are purchased, transported, and marketed by Gasunie. Future activities include the extension of the equation to a larger pressure and temperature range and to more components (e.g., hydrogen). These activities will be performed by the GERG (Groupe Europeenne de Recherche Gaziere).


. Let ( x n ), ( y n ) be two martingales adapted to the same filtration ( F n ) satisfying, with probability 1, | dx n | ≤ | dy n | , n = 0 , 1 , 2 , .... For every K > 0 we determine the best constant L = L ( K ) for which the inequality E | x n | ≤ K E | y n | log | y n | + L, n = 0 , 1 , 2 , ... holds true. We also prove a similar inequality for harmonic functions.


Infective RNA of Japanese B encephalitis virus,Peking strain,was extracted from
infective mouse brain suspension by cold phenol method.Dynamics of interferon produc-
tion and virus multiplication in chick embryo cell culture after infection with infective
viral RNA were compared with those infected with complete virus.The results indicate
that the interferon production in the viral RNA infected group was always lower and
appeared 24 hours later than those infected with complete virus during 120 hours observa-
tion.This difference holds true even when the infective dose of viral RNA used was
1 log higher than that of complete virus.No difference in the virus multiplication curve
pattern was found between the 2 groups.The possible explanation of above phenomenon
was discussed.


Opening windows is frequently done to refresh the indoor air for the occupants. To maintain the cleanliness and freshness of the indoor air, more outdoor air is needed. But its high temperature and humidity are harmful to the thermal comfort of the indoor environment. Therefore, determining the amount of outdoor air allowed to enter the room is very important for the optimum conditioning of the indoor air. The ASHRAE comfort charts indicate the percentage of subjects feeling comfortable during various combinations of dry-bulb temperature, humidity, and air movement. A set of mathematical expressions were proposed to model the charts in order to calculate the comfort degree of the outdoor air automatically with its temperature and humidity. In this paper, the measurement of temperature and humidity was completed by a self-developed digital method. Besides, the comfort level of the sampled air was also simultaneously determined by this digital method based on the mathematical model of comfort charts. The sy...


Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating, progressive neurodegenerative disorder with a short duration form onset to death. Approximately 15% of all ALS cases are familial. Of this a subset of families ({approximately}20%) are caused by mutations in the SOD1 gene on chromosome 21. The recent identification of SOD1 as the causative factor in a subset of families has enabled us to classify at-risk as well as symptomatic SOD1 mutation carriers in completed sibships. Our investigations suggest that the transmission of the SOD1 mutation from parent to child occurs substantially more often than 50% of the time. At the present time we have examined this phenomena in 17 SOD1/ALS families with mutations in exons 1 (N=6 families), 2 (N=2), 4 (N=8) and 5 (N=1). In fully ascertained sibships from a mutation-carrying parent, there were 318 offspring available for mutation evaluation. Of these, 195 were found to have the SOD1 mutation, while 123 were without the mutation. These data result in a segregation ratio of 0.61 [chi-square = 16.3, P<0.0001]. Analysis of the individual exon mutation types indicated that the majority of the distortion was occurring in the exon 4 mutation families [chi-square=13.4, p<0.001 vs. non-4, chi-square=4.97, p<0.05]. These findings aremore » of interest in light of the recent report of meiotic drive at the myotonic dystrophy locus, a CTG repeat expansion, variable onset, neurological disorder on chromosome 19. Additional SOD1/ALS mutation families are presently under study and these data will be similarily evaluated. Future studies include the genotyping of human sperm specimens for SOD1 mutation-bearing males. The possibility that over 66% of children of a mutation carrier could inherit the mutation preferentially would dramatically alter the counseling risk in such families. These studies provide further evidence of the occurrence of segregation distortion in humans.« less


s of Papers, Annual Meeting March 22-March 25, 1979 Additional copies of the abstracts will be available at the Registration Desk at the Meeting SERUM GROUP I PEPSINOGEN IS NEGATIVELY ASSOCIATED WITH OCCUPATIONAL STRESS IN NAVAL COMPANY COMMANDERS: A LONGITUDINAL PSYCHOBIOLOGICAL STUDY, H. W. Ward, MD, I. M. Samloff, MD, R. R. Vickers, BS, L. K. Hervig, MS, T. L. Conway, MA, D. H. Ryman, BS, R. H. Rahe, MD, Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, CA 92152, and University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 High serum pepsinogen (PG) is associated with duodenal ulcer disease (Mirsky & Samloff). High PG, in combination with certain psychological variables, predisposes some individuals in stressful environments to develop duodenal ulcers (Weiner). We queried whether variation in stressful conditions was associated with altered PG levels in a longitudinal study. Thirty-four Navy petty officers, responsible for the training of 80-man recruit companies, were studied on 6 specific training days selected to cover a range of job stress during a 9-week training cycle. Non-fasting bloods and self reports of work load stress were obtained for each of 6 study days during the first and second company each man trained. Serum PG I was measured by radioimmune assay. Analyses were replicated for two age-matched subsamples. When the 12 study days were examined by ANOVA, the daily means for serum PG I differed significantly. Nonparametric statistics supported the ANOVA results indicating that there was a consistent tendency for PG I to be lower on high stress days. Within-person associations were examined for each subject by correlating work load stress with serum PG I levels for all 12 study days. Ten of the 34 men had significant negative within-person correlations—twice that expected by chance alone. The negative relationship between PGI and work load stress paralleled Mason's findings in monkeys and Shapiro's in cats during avoidance sessions, but was the opposite of Mirsky's early findings of elevated uropepsinogen in man during stressful life situations. Future studies should consider other variables such as diet, sleep, and activity level which may be systematically related both to stress and PG I and could mediate their association. PLASMA GROWTH HORMONE AND PROLACTIN LEVELS IN HUMANS EXPOSED TO SEVERE ANXIETY, Randolph M. Nesse, M.D., N.P.I., University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109. The response of plasma growth hormone and prolactin to the severe anxiety induced by in-vivo flooding therapy was studied in subjects receiving treatment for small object phobias. Etch subject attended 5 sessions, each 3 hours in duration. Diurnal variation was controlled by dividing subjects into morning and evening groups. Diet, medications and physical health were controlled. Venous blood was sampled 10 times per session for growth hormone and 5 times per sessions for prolactin. An anxiety scale was filled out every twenty minutes by the subjects. They sat quietly and read except for the middle hour of the third and fourth sessions during which time their phobia was treated with in-vivo flooding therapy. The severity of the anxiety was confirmed by the subjective scale, the subjects verbal reports and by clinical observation. Eight of 11 subjects showed a rise in plasma growth hormone during at least one of the 2 phobia treatment hours. The average growth hormone response was greater on the second occasion, even though subjective anxiety was less. Growth hormone was not elevated during adaptation to the laboratory. Strong subjective and behavioral anxiety response failed to elevate plasma growth hormone in some subjects. The probability of a growth hormone response was the same whether or not the baseline was elevated prior to exposure. Prolactin levels showed no change that could be related to the anxiety either by examination of graphs or by statistical analysis. These results are compared to previous studies of growth hormone and prolactin response to anxiety and possible explanations for differences are considered. CUSHING'S SYNDROME: A PROSPECTIVE'STUDY, M.N. Starkman, M.D. and D.E. Schteingart, M.D., University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109. This prospective study vas done in order to determine the symptom complex in Cushing's syndrome and to correlate the types and degrees of psychiatric symptomatology with hormonal levels. Thirty-five consecutive patients with active Cushing's syndrome were studied, including 26 patients with pituitary ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome and 5 patients with adrenal adenomas. Psychiatric evaluation through a structured interview as well as mental status testing was done to study the frequency and characteristics of disorders in the affective, vegetative, cognitive-memory and perceptual spheres. A consistent pattern of symptomatology was reported with the most frequently experienced symptoms being decreased energy (97%), Irritability (87%), decrease in recent memory (80Z), depressed mood (74%), decreased libido (69%), middle insomnia (67%), anxiety (65%), and decreased ability to concentrate (64%). The quality of the depressive symptomatology was studied. Dysphorlc mood was intermittent 72 Psychosomatic Medicine Vol. 41 , No. 1 (February 1979)


The transparent colorless single crystal was obtained by reacting cadmium nitrate with pdc where pdc is the pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxylate anion.The crystal structure was determined by X-ray diffraction.The crystal structure indicates that for [Cd(C6H2N2O4)]n or \n,the CdⅡatom is six coordinated by five carboxylate O atoms and one N atom from five different pdc ligands in a distorted octahedral CdO5N coordination geometry.The two CdⅡatoms are bridged by carboxylate groups of the pdc ligands to create a dimeric unit.The dimeric units are further connected by the pdc ligsnds to generate an interesting two-dimensional structure.


13 ment and typing on a Persian keyboard, and programming classes for non-computing students, to name a few. This meant members of the chapter could " chose what they want[ed] to do and whom they want[ed] to engage with, " explained Amirreza Dadfarnia, editor-in-chief of the chapter's F1 Journal. This quarterly publication contains not only chapter news, but also articles covering hot topics in technology and computer science research. " Trust in yourself and never fear failure " is Dadfarnia's advice for becoming a successful student chapter.lombia. The message is clear: In order to develop excellence, a student chapter needs a good balance of teamwork, passion, and discipline. This is also the advice shared by Madiha Nasim, the chair of the University of Karachi ACM Student Chapter, which won the Outstanding Recruitment Program award. " We work as a team, all with positive attitudes, [...] for the betterment of the society and after all computer science, " explained Nasim. Alfredo Santamaría agrees. He is the publicity leader of the Pontificia Universidad Javeriana ACM Student Chapter (for more information on the chapter, see the Summer 2015 issue of XRDS), which won the Outstanding Website award. His closing words of advice: " Give the best in everything you do. ... The secret to our success is just not giving up under any circumstances. " —Claudia Schulz Virtual-reality (VR) device designers have many variables to consider when creating a new system: use case, audience, comfort, and more. In this collection of milestones, we explore VR devices from different points in time and observe how their creators chose to balance varying characteristics. 1950 Morton Heilig first describes his idea for an " experience theatre, " which is an early example of multimodal technology encompassing all five senses into an immersive, cinema experience. Twelve years later, he builds the Sensorama prototype, which includes a display, odor producers, and a moving chair. 1961 Philco Corporation develops the Headsight device, a helmet that communicates with a closed-circuit television system. It is intended as a teleoperation device for the user to share findings when exploring dangerous environments. 1968 The Sword of Damocles is a head-mounted virtual reality display, similar to goggles, which uses a ceiling suspension system to support the heavy device on the user's head. This system supports stereo images as well as field-of-view tracking. 1990 The first demonstration of Virtuality, a head-mounted system for arcade-style games, …


The American Academy of Pain Medicine (AAPM) and members of the pain community have a good reason for optimism in 2009. Important developments are occurring simultaneously on many fronts. The success of our annual meeting this year reflects a satisfying confluence of excitement about our rapidly developing translational science and hope about our growing evidence-based practices. We—our specialty, our patients, and our science—are on a roll, and there is much to be accomplished to maintain our momentum.

Advances in public understanding of the societal burden of chronic pain and appreciation for the issues affecting pain treatment progressively galvanize public support for better treatment. Resulting legislation will lead to policy changes that ultimately will improve the training of providers and the care of patients. Congressional pain bills recently signed into law are now being implemented in the Veterans Health Administration and the Department of Defense. We anticipate that a strong cooperative effort with our Pain Care Coalition (PCC) partners and organizations, such as the American Pain Foundation, the Pain Care Forum, and the American Cancer Society, will lead to passage of HR 756 in Congress (see below) and increased National Institutes of Health (NIH) funding for pain research and education. The AAPM continues its collaboration with other professional organizations such as the International Spine Intervention Society (ISIS), the North American Spine Society (NASS), and the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) to improve understanding of the value of pain treatments and reimbursements for our treatments. There is growing recognition within and outside medicine that, for our society as a whole, responsibility for improved pain care, presently an orphan of several specialties whose primary interests lie elsewhere, will improve significantly only with the advent and development of pain medicine as a distinct specialty, unencumbered by its parent specialties' primary interests and attention to …


The genus Efulensia C. H. Wright comprises two species in Equatorial Africa. One species, E. clematoides C. H. Wright, occurs in lowland forest from southern Nigeria to the eastern Congo basin, a second species, E. montana, here described as new, occurs in a restricted montane area in E. Zaire and W. Uganda. Genus and species descriptions, synonyms, key to the species, figures, and distribution map.


Germfree (GF) F344 rats developed severe adjuvant‐induced arthritis with a 100% incidence after a single intradermal injection of heat‐killed Mycobacterium bovis (BCG). Specific pathogene‐free (SPF) rats developed less severe arthritis with a lower incidence. The rats colonized with Escherichia coli or Bacteroides developed mild disease comparable to that in SPF rats. The rats colonized with Bifidobacterium, Propionibacterium acnes, Lactobacillus casei, L. fermentum, L. murini, and L. acidophilus developed more severe disease than that in GF rats. Furthermore, the rats colonized with a mixture of E. coli and the above lactobacilli developed very mild disease similar to that in SPF rats. These results suggest that (1) gram‐negative bacteria, such as E. coli and Bacteroides, may suppress the disease, possibly through their lipopolysaccharides, and may be responsible for the lower susceptibility of SPF rats; (2) gram‐positive bacteria, such as Bifidobacterium, P. acnes, and lactobacilli, may enhance the disease, possibly through their peptidoglycans; and (3) E. coli may play a dominant role in modulating the development of adjuvant‐induced arthritis.


The basic theory of partial coherence and partial coherence function's calculation in use of Matlab has been introduced. Iteration method of calculation partial coherence function is given. Application in identification of locomotive cab's noise source ensures the validity of the program and the theory of partial coherence is available in identifying coherent noise sources.


The use of SATCOM systems is an essential part of today's worldwide communications. As the portion of satellite orbits in low altitudes increases, Doppler shifts often influence the received signal. Prior to the removal of this eefect, the exact course and the amount of the Doppler must be known. Therefore this paper derives the equations to calculate the orbit and the Doppler shift and shows the behaviour and the effects caused by LEO and HEO satellites. Finally a method is proposed to compensate this influence.


The therapy based on immune stimulation represents a good alternative to prevent and reduce the infectious episodes of the respiratory tract. Klebsiella pneumoniae glycoproteins extracts have an immunostimulant action, since they work at the antibodies synthesis level, in the humoral immunity and the phagocytosis. An open, multicentric, comparative, randomised, double blind trial with placebo was carried out. The treatment was administered for 8 consecutive days in a month, during 3 months, at doses of 2 capsules of K. pneumoniae glycoprotein of 1 mg per day, or placebo, the patients were evaluated at intervals of three, nine and twelve months. Five hundred twenty four subjects (female and male) were included in the trial, in two groups: children and young people (above 2 years and below 18 years old) and adults (above 18 years old). The results showed that the patients treated with K. pneumoniae glycoprotein extract had a


In the context of the modern super-technological, technofetishist paradigm, the category of corporeality is fundamentally transformed, and the phenomenon of the body is increasingly conceptualised and interpreted through notions of formless, structureless formations that exist as a configuration of surfaces (screen body, antibody, body without organs, zero body, body without space). In the context of a technologised, digital environment, with the development and spread of transhumanist ideas, a number of philosophical problems become particularly relevant, among them going beyond the limits of the human, the body's detachment from its own topography, and the elusiveness of subjectivity. This article attempts to describe these metamorphoses on the example of Julia Ducournau's film "Titan", based on the concept of utopianisation of the body proposed by Michel Foucault in 1966 as part of the radio programme "French Culture".


In this paper, we consider the commonly used growth models and explicitly shown that each is a solution of the rate-state ordinary differential equation which describes biological growths.We construct growth function and relative growth function for the models: Generalized logistic, Particular case of generalized logistic, Richards, Von Bertalanffy, Brody, Classical logistic, Gompertz, Weibull, Generalized Weibull, Monomolecular and Mitscherlich. Detailed derivations are presented considering non-mathematicians working in the fields of Biological sciences and non-availability of these derivations in literature.


The effect of slow external flow on solid combustion is very important from the view of fire safety in space because the solid material in spacecraft is generally exposed to the low air flow for ventilation. Further, the effect of low external flow on fuel combustion is generally fundamental information for industrial combustion system, such as gas turbine, boiler incinerator and so on. However, it is difficult to study the effect of low external flow on solid combustion in normal gravity, because the buoyancy-induced flow strongly disturbs the flow field, especially for low flow velocity. In this research therefore, the effect of slow external flow on opposed flame spreading over polyethylene (PE) wire insulation have been investigated in microgravity. The microgravity environment was provided by Japan Microgravity Center (JAMIC) in Japan and KC-135 at NASA GRC. The tested flow velocity range is 0-30cm/s with different oxygen concentration and inert gas component.


The fresh produce packing industry represents a large potential market for machine vision inspection systems. Unlike most manufacturing industries, there is no single 'reference product' form which any deviations represent a flaw. The Optigrade II machine was designed to replace human sorters and extensively utilizes neural networks to emulate the human sorting process. The network architecture and design principles are presented with an emphasis on the problems arising in the development of a commercial product.


Objective: Improve employee performance, fair. impartial evaluation of staff performance, implementation of the principle of benefit distribution consistent post paid and post contribution, and stimulate staff's work enthusiasm and the creativity. Methods: Around the core value of the fair and open of quantitative assessment and comprehensive performance management. Results: Through the performance evaluation and management to improve the staff's enthusiasm and efficiency, to better serve the clinic, at the same time, to ensure the normal operation of equipment, facilities, and prolongs the service life of equipment, reduce the cost of equipment operation. Conclusion: Performance appraisal and management scheme is reasonable and is conducive to promoting engineer team construction and discipline development, it's advantage to control the risk in the applications of medical equipment, to improve the utilization ratio of the equipment, To reduce the operative cost of equipment.


Two physical objects cannot occupy the same space at the same time.Simulated physical objects do not naturally obey this constraint.Instead, we must detect when two objects have collided---we mustperform collision detection. This work presents a simplevoxel-based collision detection algorithm, an efficient parallelimplementation of the algorithm, and performance results.


The tannin microspheres were synthesized by inversed phase suspension polymerization,and characterized by SEM in this paper.Batch kinetics and isotherm studies were carried out under varying experimental conditions of pH,tannin microspheres's quality,the initial concentration of bovine serum albumin and adsorption time.The adsorption kinetics of bovine serum albumin on tannin microspheres was analyzed using the first-order equation and the second-order equation.The results showed that the adsorption speed rose quickly at first,and then turned slowly and attained equilibrium at last.The adsorptive capacity rose when the pH was from 3.0~5.0 and then turned down when the pH was from 5.0~7.0.As the increasing of the initial concentration of bovine serum albumin,the adsorptive capacity also increased.The max adsorptive capacity of bovine serum albumin by tannin microspheres was 75.3 mg/g,the best adsorption pH was 6.0,by 15 h to attain equilibrium.The experimental data for the adsorption systems fit well to first-order equation and second-order equation.


Research suggests that the length and quality of police–citizen encounters affect policing outcomes. The Koper Curve, for example, shows that the optimal length for police presence in hot spots is between 14 and 15 minutes, with diminishing returns observed thereafter. Our study, using data from the Queensland Community Engagement Trial (QCET), examines the impact of encounter length on citizen perceptions of police performance. QCET involved a randomised field trial, where 60 random breath test (RBT) traffic stop operations were randomly allocated to an experimental condition involving a procedurally just encounter or a business-as-usual control condition. Our results show that the optimal length of time for procedurally just encounters during RBT traffic stops is just less than 2 minutes. We show, therefore, that it is important to encourage and facilitate positive police–citizen encounters during RBT at traffic stops, while ensuring that the length of these interactions does not pass a point of diminishing returns.


With the development and popularity of Internet, E-mail marketing is becoming an important approach to marketing in businesses, but the current situation of the development of E-mail marketing is not satisfactory. Therefore, studying the strategies of E-mail marketing should be the priority of businesses.


We reformulate the Palatini action for general relativity (GR) in terms of moving frames that exhibit local Galilean covariance in a large speed of light expansion. For this, we express the action in terms of variables that are adapted to a Galilean subgroup of the $GL(n,\mathbb{R})$ structure group of a general frame bundle. This leads to a novel Palatini-type formulation of GR that provides a natural starting point for a first-order non-relativistic expansion. In doing so, we show how a comparison of Lorentzian and Newton-Cartan metric-compatibility explains the appearance of torsion in the non-relativistic expansion.


During meiosis, a transient DNA double‐strand break (DSB) occurs in the promoter region (positions −200/−185) of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae ARG4 gene and is a likely intermediate in the initiation of meiotic gene conversion events in this region. We report here a functional analysis of the ARG4 DSB based on the study of various deletions in this chromosomal region. We have identified several cis‐acting elements located within the −465/+3 region of the ARG4 promoter that control the formation of this DSB. The −465/−317 region includes a transcription terminator and is necessary for a normal amount of ARG4 DSB, but not for its positioning. The −316/−140 region can be replaced by an unrelated DNA sequence where a meiotic DSB then occurs, suggesting that the site of DSB is not sequence‐specific, but is positioned at a fixed distance from the adjacent −139/+3 region. Also, in all strains constructed, the amount of meiotic DSB is correlated with the frequency of gene conversion in ARG4, which provides a strong argument for the initiation of gene conversion by a DSB in this region of the yeast genome.


Studies in non-Emergency Department (ED) settings have shown women with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) differ in presentation, treatment, and outcomes compared to men. Despite AF being a common reason for ED visit, little is known regarding sex differences in patients presenting to ED.

 We sought to determine whether sex differences exist in rates of admission among NVAF patients presenting to the ED and if oral anticoagulant (OAC) use and outcomes differ by ED discharge status.

 Patients≥18 years old, presenting to the ED with incident NVAF in two western Canadian provinces (Alberta and British Columbia) from April 2012 to March 2015 were included. ED records were linked to hospital records to identify patients admitted to hospital versus discharged from the ED. Outcomes of interest were 30-day mortality and 1-year stroke, heart failure (HF) and mortality. Pharmaceutical claims were queried for OAC use within 90 days following NVAF ED event.

 Of 16,991 ED NVAF patients, 7,770 (46%) were women and 9,221 (54%) were men (p<0.001). Compared to men, women were older (73.9 vs 65.6 years, p<0.001) and presented with higher CHA2DS2-VASc scores (4.0 vs 2.0, p<0.001). Overall, 41% of women and 37% of men were admitted to hospital (p<0.001). OAC rate was 50% among admitted and 37% among discharged (p<0.001). OAC rates were 53% in women and 48% in men among admitted (p<0.001), and 39% in women and 35% in men among discharged (p<0.001). OAC rates were higher in patients with CHA2DS2-VASc ≥1 who were admitted (53% in women (n=2,781) and 52% in men (n=2,683), p=0.63) than in those who were discharged (39% in women (n=4,435) and 45% in men (n=3,866), p<0.01). Women had higher rates of mortality at 30-days and 1-year, and stroke at 1-year compared to men, irrespective of ED discharge status (all p<0.02). Women admitted had higher HF rates at 1-year compared to men (p=0.002). (Table)
 Outcomes by Sex and ED Discharge Status Outcome Discharged Admitted Women (N=4,560) Men (N=5,780) p-value Women (N=3,210) Men (N=3,441) p-value 30 Day Mortality, n (%) 63 (1.4) 50 (0.9) 0.01 261 (8.1) 228 (6.6) 0.019 1 Year Mortality, n (%) 270 (5.9) 248 (4.7) <0.001 717 (22.3) 604 (17.6) <0.001 Stroke*, rate (SE) 1.7 (0.19) 0.9 (0.13) <0.001 4.0 (0.37) 2.6 (0.28) 0.001 Heart Failure*, rate (SE) 3.6 (0.28) 3.1 (0.23) 0.16 12.9 (0.62) 10.4 (0.54) 0.002 *Censored on death.

 In this population-based study of patients presenting to ED with NVAF, we found women were more likely to be admitted to hospital than men. Women had a worse prognosis than men, irrespective of ED discharge status. Use of OAC was suboptimal, regardless of patient sex.

 Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada, UBC Cardiology, Servier Alberta Innovation Health Fund


Fluorescence analysis, in particular two‐dimensional excitation‐emission matrix (EEM) spectroscopy, is a sensitive in‐line process monitoring tool in the biotechnological production. Before it can be widely adopted by the industry, fast effective algorithms for the analysis of massive and complex fluorescence data should be developed. Weak emission signals are prone to various interferences complicating the modeling, such as excitation light Rayleigh scatter. The scatter is usually considered as an unwanted background to be avoided or removed.


Abstract The gymnosperms are a taxon of plants that release large amounts of pollen. Some genera of this group are specifically studied because their pollen is known to be the cause of respiratory diseases. The medical interest in allergenic bioaerosol has led to the need for daily aerobiological monitoring. The technique applied involves the use of an instrument that aspirates a volume of air corresponding to human inhalation and the identification under the light microscope of the allergenic bio-particulate present. Morphology alone does not allow to distinguish the non-saccate pollen thus they are attributed to a single category, i.e., Cupressaceae-Taxaceae, without distinction between genera belonging to the different families. This research represents an attempt to overcome the difficulties in the recognition of non-saccate gymnosperm pollen. Twenty-one species belonging to the Araucariaceae, Cupressaceae, and Taxaceae families were selected in Perugia (Umbria, central Italy). The most common species and other less widespread ones were selected, all characterized by non-saccate pollen. The results obtained allowed us to identify four morphologies: aperturoidate, areolate-papillate, areolate-porate, and porate. This study provides further knowledge regarding the morphological characteristics of these pollen grains, in order to overcome the general definition of inaperturates attributed to the pollen of some gymnosperms.


Thematised through the mechanism of fictionalization, migration is one of the common fields in which the social impact upon literature is visible on multiple levels. Discussions in which migration occupies a central place cover different areas of literary interest. Such areas are the status and the thematic preferences of the migrant writer, the "migration" (i.e. the circuit) of the book in the international space, and to the thematic reflection upon cultural, identity related, or psychological consequences of the phenomenon. The present study emphasises migration as a literary theme and insists on the reverberations that take place at the level of the narrative discourse (psychological print, narrative devices, real space vs. constructed space, subjective stamps on the re-presentation of the literary space etc.), starting from two case studies: The Little Girl Who Played at Being God by Dan Lungu, respectively Kinderland by Liliana Corobca. Besides the obvious sociological component, the novels share the interest in the psychological effects that the migration phenomenon has over the children. Their particular "voice" represents, in fact, a narrative device that both authors use in order to create an effect of authenticity.


The author studies the functions of a tree in the funeral rite on graveyards of North-Eastern Karelia and summarizes information on graveyard topography. On all examined graveyards (as well as on the way to them or around them) different forms of karsikko were discovered (They are trees whose twigs and tops are chopped off, they sometimes have notches on their trunks or engraved signs, for instance, initials of the deceased). Also numerous karsikko were found in an old sacred grove not far from village Nadvoitsy on Vygozero lake, karsikko (Bicentennial spruce) on the shore of the lake, near village Sumostrov, etc. The author examined trees near graves, which were used at the funeral rite to store funereal accessories as well as burial places under the tree amongst which those of babies are of particular interest.


Objective To study the value of real-time three-dimensional echocardiography in evaluating overall and segmental left ventricular volume and systolic function.Methods A total of 40 patients with acute anterior myocardial infarction,50 patients with old myocardial infarction,44 healthy volunteers(control group)were recruited as objects in this study from March 2013 to March 2014.All the objects were performed RT-3DE examination,obtained segmental and overall end-systolic volume(ESV,rESV)through the associated analysis software-time curve.Results The left ventricular end diastolic diameter of acute anterior myocardial infarction,old myocardial infarction patients were significant higher than that of the control group,but the sEF level was significant lower than that of the control group,the differences were all statistical significant(P0.05).The overall left ventricular segmental systolic volume of acute anterior myocardial infarction,old myocardial infarction patients were significant higher than that of the control group.Most of the whole end systolic volume of infarction segments and adjacent infarction area were hither than that of the control group.Conclusion RT-3DE could evaluate overall and segmental left ventricular volume and syst olic function in acute and old myocardial infarction accurately.Reducing of left ventricular total and segmental systolic function would impact on ventricular wall motion synchronicitily.


Since the end of the twentieth century, it is increasingly becoming clear that the architecture of modern welfare regimes has changed. Under the influence of a crisis of/in the welfare state, an alternative mode of governing welfare has emerged (Jessop, 1999). In brief, literature reports on a hybridization process, which has from the 1980s onwards, led to a transition from an 'organized' welfare mix to a 'disorganized' welfare mix, in which 'long-established patterns of a system-wide coordination via negotiated public-private partnerships turn into volatile configurations' (Bode, 2006: 346). As a result, today social welfare provision is increasingly '(co)produced in a multifaceted process of inter-organizational exchange', to a greater extent entailing an active role for civil society actors (Bode, 2006: 346-347). These changes in the mode of governing welfare inevitably have an impact on the organizational features and functioning of individual Third Sector Organizations (TSOs) and on the social services they deliver (Evers, 2005). As a result of the historical shift towards the 'new era of welfare hybridity', welfare is increasingly delivered by hybrid organizations that, in terms of public, private, and third, 'possess 'significant' characteristics of more than one sector' (Billis, 2010: 13, 3; Evers, 2005). However, notwithstanding these valuable insights in the historical changes in the modes of governing welfare, little is known about how, and with which consequences the concrete practice of TSOs takes shape under these conditions. Therefore, the following research question is formulated: How, and with which consequences does this historically new mode of governing welfare have an impact on the concrete practice of TSOs? To address this question, the study presented here draws on the empirical findings of an organization ethnography of a purposively sampled hybrid TSO. Based on the typology of hybridization in the Flemish context, provided by Hustinx, Verschuere, and De Corte (2013), the ultimately selected case could be characterized as an exponent of the new welfare mix: regarding its role positioning, the TSO on the one hand profiles itself as an organically grown, social-justice oriented TSO, which advocates with and for people living in poverty through the social services it delivers; on the other hand, the TSO serves as a facility in the government-dominated social economy. Furthermore, there is significant heterogeneity in the TSO's human and financial resources, and in its stakeholders. During the field work, data was gathered in three ways: through participant observation and conversational interviews, through the collection of internal texts of the TSO, and finally, through an in-depth interview with a key representative from the TSO. This interview served two purposes: the gaining of further insights in the relations between the TSO's concrete practice and the context of welfare governance in which the organization is embedded, and the creation of a feedback-loop on the researchers' interpretations resulting from the participant observations and document analysis.
 Based on the document analysis and the participant observations, a discrepancy between the TSO's discourse and its practice was observed. The TSO's discourse revealed an emancipatory logic: the organization attempts to realize structural change through participative social entrepreneurship. In the daily interactions with its participants, furthermore, the TSO premises equality: no exclusion, no hierarchies, no categorization, no problematization, and no intervention. The TSO wants to create a 'safety zone', in which its participants can take part based on what they are good at, what they like to do, and what they would like to learn. At the TSO's practice level, this mission is translated in three activities: advocacy, facilitating participation and personal growth of the participants, and social service delivery. Together, these activities were observed to create a specific organizational logic, in which a tension field between on the one hand facilitating participation and personal growth of the participants, and on the other hand monitoring organizational functioning an efficiency was present. During the participant observations, we detected how the professional staff members of the TSO balance this tension field in interaction with the TSO's participants, by employing three strategies to safeguard smooth organizational functioning: (1) latent categorization of the participants as either 'weak' or 'strong', and in accordance to this, a different involvement of both groups in the TSO; (2) taking over instead of providing supportive assistance to the participants; and (3) pragmatic inclusion and pragmatic exclusion of participants. As such, in function of organizational demands, the TSO's practice was frequently in contradiction to the TSO's discourse. Although according to the TSO's key representative the tension field is inherent to the TSO's practice, evidence was found that two factors in the current mode of governing welfare both directly and indirectly reinforce this tension field, by raising the existing organizational demands. First, short-term and 'chopped-up' modes of funding, which are characteristic to current welfare governance, create uncertainty in financial resources and high complexity in the funding outcomes for the TSO. This uncertainty puts the basic operations and human resources of the TSO under pressure, since both have to be financed by short-term resources. As a result, the TSO's staff members explain their struggles on the tension field by insufficient human resources to provide the participants with adequate supportive assistance in combination with the high demands monitoring the TSO makes on them. In their attempts to cope with the uncertainty in financial resources, through an uninterrupted applying for additional funding, the staff members are confronted with high administrative burdens, which again collide with their ability to provide supportive assistance. Second, in order to realize its emancipatory mission, the TSO appeals to a broad network of partnerships, which consists of partners from the public, the private, and the third sector. However the TSO obtains strategic and limited financial support through this network, it also reinforces the TSO's tension field in three ways: (1) partner organizations become competitors in the battle for funding; (2) partner organizations refer their most 'difficult' clients to the TSO; and (3) because of potential financial risks and unrewarded engagement, partner organizations are hesitant to cooperate in initiatives which would reduce the TSO's case load.
 To conclude, who are, based on this study, the 'losers' of the current mode of governing welfare? First, the TSO: the discrepancy between the TSO's discourse and practice, and the reinforcement of the tension field present in the TSO's practice, reveals how the TSO is confined in its mission by the current mode of welfare governance. Second, the most vulnerable participants of the TSO, for the outcomes of the staff's coping strategies reveal how this group, in terms of chances for participation and personal growth, are confronted the hardest with the negative consequences of the high organizational demands.

Billis, D. (2010). From welfare bureaucracies to welfare hybrids. In D. Billis (ed.), Hybrid organizations and the third sector: Challenges for practice, theory and policy (pp. 3-24). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Bode, I. (2006). Disorganized welfare mixes: voluntary agencies and new governance regimes in Western Europe. Journal of European social policy, 16(4), 346-359.
Evers, A. (2005). Mixed welfare systems and hybrid organizations. International Journal of Public Administration, 28(9-10), 737-748.
Hustinx, L., Verschuere, B., & De Corte, J. (2013). Welfare partnerships in the mix? Organizational hybridity in the third sector in Belgium. Journal of Social Policy, forthcoming.
Jessop, B. (1999). The changing governance of welfare: recent trends in its primary functions, scale, and modes of coordination. Social Policy and Administration, 33(4): 348-359.


Using Lianyungang in 23 years by land use pattern 3 TM/ETM remote sensing images (1987, 2000, 2009), based on Geo-information Tupu analysis, the use of ArcGIS software synthesis of six types of land use/cover Tupu to 2009, for example, coastal zone in Lianyungang land use/cover spatial pattern was detailedly analysed. The results showed that: cultivated land area ranked first, mainly in the northwest and southwest, mainly were banded distribution, followed by construction sites and aquaculture, land reclamation of the smallest, mainly in the southern West Breakwater, showing the relative rules face-like distribution, land reclamation area 446.88hm2, 0.22% of total area.


The life-cycle of two species of the genus Glycyphagus (Acari, Astigmata) is described. Dermacarus newyorkensis Fain, 1969, known previously only from the hypopus stage, becomes the type species of a new subgenus Zapodacarus, in Glycyphagus. A new species is described in this new subgenus, Glycyphagus (Zapodacarus) zapus sp. n. The species are closely related biologically and morphologically and were found in the same rodent nest. Their hypopi are not separable.


Through the analyses of the paralle li sm of H.26L video encoder and its performance, several parallel computation sche mes are discussed, and a scalable scheme is implemented by using MPI. The exper imental results on Dawning-2000 MPP processors show that the H.26L video encode r has a good parallel performance and scalability on slice layers.


Aim To correct the hyperspectral remote sensing images in Fenghao area.Methods Using radiometric correction,noise removal,image difference adjustment between flight courses,geometrical correction and other methods to correct the remote sensing data.Results High quality and high accuracy images were obtained,which offered,qualified images to the following spectral calibration,classification and information extraction.Conclusion This method have good effect on correcting the images.


This research is meant to prove the result of aesthetic aspect in wayang kulit performance of Jawa Timur style categorized as 'kerakyatan (folk)' pakeliran. The problem is analyzed based on the concept of 'garap pakeliran' offered by Sugeng Nugroho (2012) and the theory belongs to Umar Kayam (1981) concerning arts categorization. The method used is qualitative method with descriptive analysis. The data is collected through library study, documentation studies, interview, and field observation. The research finding shows that the current wayang kulit performance of Jawa Timur style cannot be categorized as folk art but rather to be kitsch. It represents a performing art that always change and move on along the time. It is attempted to be more interesting supposed to be survived and to earn money.Keywords: wayang kulit, Jawa Timuran, performance treatment.


Productivity is the preferred measure of firm-level efficiency and perceived to reflect resource use rates. Semi-structured interviews with restaurant managers in a tourismdominated low productivity rural area reveal that they are motivated to supply products that they believe in and to sustain a quality of life that meets their needs rather than striving to achieve higher productivity. Pricing strategies, managerial objectives and local market characteristics are found to radically influence the area's productivity value. An area's productivity value might not be an indicator of resource use rates or productive efficiency, and could instead reflect resident managers' motivations towards money and the presence of opportunities to achieve scale economies. Acknowledgements: The authors thank the interviewees for their participation, time and contributions. For helpful comments we thank seminar participants at the Universities of Leeds, Cork and UWE and delegates at the RSA conference in Graz, Austria and the RSAI:BIS conference in Newquay, UK. For compiling the map, we thank Ian Smith. JELs: D24; L11; R11.


The aim of this paper is to study how multiculturalism is expressed in the Swedish labour market policy. The method used for the investigation is a discourse analysis which study social and politic ...


Obesity is one of the common health problems in Saudi Arabia. It affects almost one third of adult population and one tenth of children and adolescents. In order to prevent and control obesity among Saudi population, it is mandatory to have national program with definite objectives and strategies. The aim of this paper is to identify priorities for integrated strategies to prevent and control obesity and to define roles and responsibilities of various stakeholders including individuals, families, community, organizations and agencies in KSA as the first step in a process to develop integrate national program to prevent obesity.


Introduction: Hyperglycemia commonly occurs in critically ill patients due to metabolic stress. Hyperglycemia can cause gastric motility disturbance in which can cause high gastric residual volume (GRV). The objective of this study is to determine the relationship between hyperglycemia and high GRV status in ICU patients. Methods: This study used cross sectional method with consecutive sampling of 96 adult ICU patients. Blood glucose level were measured every 12 hours and GRV every 4 hours on first and second day admission to ICU. Data were analyzed with Statistical Package for Social Science Program (SPSS) version 20.0. The relationship between hyperglycemia status and high GRV status were analyzed using Chi-Square test. Results: Hyperglycemia status was found in 45.8% subjects on day 1 and 35.4% on day 2. High GRV status was found in 28.1% on day 1 and 25% on day 2. There was no significant relationship between hyperglycemia and high GRV status on day 1 and 2 (p=0.34 and 0.81). However, in 12 subjects, we found high GRV occurred 19.67 ± 11.06 hours after the onset of hyperglycemia. Conclusion: There was no significant relationship between hyperglycemia status and high GRV status, but high GRV could be found later after hyperglycemia.