Despite the success of early goal-directed therapy as a protocol, considerable discussion has focused on which of components are effective and which are not necessary for sepsis and septic shock. The concept of increasing tissue oxygen delivery (the basis for the systemic central venous oxygen saturation goal [ScVO2] of greater than 70%) has not been shown to have any benefit in several studies. (New Engl J Med 1995; 333[16]:1025; 1994;330[24]: 1717.) Transfusion requirements to keep hematocrit above 30% in patients not meeting the ScVO2 goal have also been dispelled by transfusion trials in critically ill patients, such as the TRICC Trial (New Engl J Med 1999;340[6]:409) and a recent trial involving patients with significant gastrointestinal bleeding. (New Engl J Med 2013;368[1]:11.) A more conservative hemoglobin goal of 7-9 mg/dl in these studies led to either no difference in or in reduced mortality more than the goal of 10-12 mg/dl. EGDT has been an integral component of the emergency care of patients with severe sepsis or septic shock for more than a decade. (N Engl J Med 2001;345[19]:1368.) Developed as a protocol from the best available evidence at the time, it has been successfully implemented by the vast majority of medical institutions globally. Close to 40 clinical studies done over the past decade have shown a uniform reduction in mortality from about 50 percent to under 30 percent when EGDT is adopted. (Minerva Anestesiol 2012;78[6]:712.) Its components of closely monitoring and optimizing preload via aggressive fluid resuscitation, tissue perfusion via vasoactive medication, and tissue oxygen delivery with inotropic agents and blood transfusion have been adopted by many critical care guidelines, including the Surviving Sepsis Campaign. (Crit Care Med 2013;41[2]:580.) A work by Jones et al. showed that serial normal lactates or a lactate clearance of more than 10 percent is just as effective as optimizing central venous pressure range and ScVO2. (JAMA 2010;303[8]:739.) Paul Marik's seminal systematic review also largely debunked the utility of CVP and other static measurements in predicting fluid responsiveness. (Chest 2008;134[1]:172.) Instead, many experts recommend dynamic measurements to predict fluid responsiveness, such as inferior vena cava diameter variability, pulse pressure variability, or left ventricular outflow tract velocity variability associated with respiration or passive leg raise maneuver.


Viscoelastic properties of a lyotropic liquid crystal were determined with a capillary rheometer. So-called Bagley end correction was taken into consideration by using three dies which have the same diameter but different lengths. Measurements included the shear rate (ƒÁ) and concentration (c) dependences of shear viscosity (ƒÅ) and three elastic parameters : Bagley end correction (v), entrance pressure loss (‡TMPent), and die swell (B). Shear viscosity behavior typcal of lyotropic liquid crystal was observed. The shear rate dependence of v varied greatly with the change of concentration : v increased with t at some concentrations, but decreased at other concentrations. ƒÅ and v showed the maximum and minimum with respect to concentration. However, the concentration at the minimum was not identical with that for viscosity. ‡TMPent increased with shear rate at all concentrations. The concentration dependence of ‡TMPent was the same as that of viscosity. B increased with shear stress only for isotropic solutions and decreased for anisotropic ones. The following relations have been found: v∞Bπ ⊿Pent∞Bπ' where n and n' are constants which depend on concentration.


A High Court judge in London last week refused to give the families of four boys with haemophilia the go ahead to challenge a decision by their local health authorities to withdraw treatment with the genetically engineered blood clotting agent recombinant factor VIII.

Duncan Ouseley, QC for the boys, aged between 5 years and 9 years, told Mr Justice Jowitt that South Lancashire, East Lancashire, and Bury and Rochdale Health Authorities had all made "flawed" decisions and failed to consider each individual case on its merits. But the judge said that …


Polarization bistable vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) with an oxidation confinement structure were fabricated for low power consumption operation. Threshold current of the VCSEL was reduced to 0.22 mA. The VCSEL operated in a single longitudinal and transverse mode and in one of two orthogonal linear polarization modes. All-optical flip-flop operation based on polarization bistability was achieved at a record low bias current of 1.15 mA, which is about one tenth of our previously developed polarization bistable VCSEL without a current confinement structure.


The macro-kinetics of diphenyl carbonate synthesis was studied over Pd-Cu/La0.5Pb0.5MnO3 catalyst in a trickle-bed reactor.The catalyst particle size was φ2.0 mm×3 mm.A power type macro-kinetic model was employed in the present study.The model parameters-were regressed-in the kinetics.The statistic test and its residual error distribution have been made,respectively.The results show that the values calculated by power type macro-kinetic models can be good agreement with experimental data.Furthermore,the model can provide the theory basis on simulation and design of the large scale synthesis of diphenyl carbonate in trickle-bed reactor.


The article is about studying the ethic bases in social diplomacy from the development of political ethics and modern social relations. The author offers the creation of the system of preparing the social diplomats with an emphasize on: their mastery of political ethics; moral, value content of their profession; acquirement of skills of protection of national interests and social ideals by means of «soft power».


The results of the crystal structure analyses of (6RS,-7SR,8RS)-7-methyl-8-phenyl-3-oxabicydo[4.2.0]oct -1-en-8-ol (C 14 H 16 O 2 ), (1SR,2RS,8RS)-8-methylthio-3-oxatricydo[188.8.131.52 2,7 ]dodec-6-en-1-ol (C 12 H 18 O 2 S) and (1RS,2RS,6SR,7SR,8RS)-8-methyl-3-oxatricydo[126.96.36.199 2,7 ]-dodeca-1,6,7-triol (C 12 H 20 O 4 ) allow interpretation of the nucleophilic attack reactions of ketone enolates on the short-lived dehydrodihydropyran intermediate, showing that the presence of the O atom influences the reactivity of the dienic system. The structures and conformations of the above compounds are discussed.


The characteristics and management pattern of rural household solid waste(RHSW)in a village of Qionghai City in Hainan Province were investigated by operating a newly established collection and disposal system,and at the same time the socio-economic situa-tion of villagers in the village was surveyed.Results showed that:The average output of RHSW was about 0.227 kg.capita-1.d-(1calculated by resident population);The biodegradable organic fraction dominated in the RHSW components with a share of 40.4%±6.3%,followed by the inert fractions which comprised 30.8%±6.2%,while the harmful fractions only accounted for less than 0.1%;The demonstration project used a technology characterized by combination of collecting,sorting and composting in situ.After treated by the technology,the RHSW weight was reduced by 50%,with the compost production meeting with current compost quality standards,which proven the technology was feasible.The total operating costs for the demonstration project was 304.5 yuan.t-1,while the collection costs was 239 yuan.t-1,and the sorting-com-posting costs was 65.5 yuan.t-1.The per capita annual cost for the demonstration project operation was 18.7 yuan(calculated by household registration population),only accounted for 0.4% of the per capita annual net income.This project had been supported by the villagers with willingness of paying for the costs which was up to 95%,which indicated the management pattern was economically feasible.


An original approach to digital moving trend based filters (MTF) design, based on Bode plots analysis is proposed, aimed at seasonal time series decomposition and prediction. A number of polynomials of different range are discussed to be used in the MTF as the LS approximation formula. The Bode plots of the MTF are shown, and the best filter is selected. Results of a seasonal time series decomposition and prediction with the best MTF is presented and compared to the classical MTF calculations (involving the linear LS approximation).


The article reveals features of the formation of entrepreneurial competencesat pupils in the social partnership. The author presents statistics on thepreferences and plans of young people in business, focuses attention on key competences the necessary for successful entrepreneurship and business skills formation, is a model of competencies young entrepreneur. We analyzeRussian and international experience to prepare the next generation with the help of different models of social partnership. Social partnership is regardedas a community development of solutions and a balancedshared byresponsibility for the result. The author proposes a scheme of an integrated approach to the interaction of various groups of partner educationalinstitutions in the formation of entrepreneurial competences, stresses the need to act with the plan, in the complex, consider the age and psychological characteristics of children, provide for the general line of development fromclass to class, the interests of all parties and the general result.


1346 www.anesthesia-analgesia.org December 2016 • Volume 123 • Number 6 Copyright © 2016 International Anesthesia Research Society DOI: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000001587 In 1897, Brodie and Russell 1 published their article describing what was one of the first devices, other than a simple capillary tube, for testing blood coagulation. The contraption consisted of a small glass chamber put under a microscope that allowed small puffs of air to be blown at a drop of blood. With blood in liquid form, the force from the air caused the cells to move around the glass sheet. As coagulation progressed, the puff of air would then cause the forming clot to slightly indent and then spring back into place, thus demonstrating the elastic properties of clot. The endpoint of the test was the time it took for the blood to become immobile. However, if the Brodie–Russell "coagulometer," as it was referred to, had been able to quantify how much the clot indented with the puff of air, it would have been able to provide information on an important physical property of the clot—specifically its shear modulus. In this issue of the journal, we feature 4 studies based on a new device called the Quantra® system (HemoSonics, Charlottesville, VA), which utilizes a new technique to estimate the shear modulus, or strength, of a clot.2–5 Also known as modulus of rigidity and usually denoted by "G," shear modulus is defined as the shear stress divided by the shear strain (Figure). It represents the platelet–fibrinogen interactions because of thrombin and Factor XIII,6 but it is also influenced by hematocrit and acidosis.7 As explained by Quantra's developers, SEER (sonic estimation of elasticity via resonance) sonorheometry uses ultrasound pulses to vibrate a sample of blood.2 The resulting oscillations of the sample, which are "heard" using the device, are related to the clot's stiffness (ie, its shear modulus). Using ultrasound to determine this parameter has some potential advantages over the current point-of-care devices that use mechanical means to determine the shear modulus of a clot. Many clinicians are familiar with the basic principles of the TEG® (Haemonetics Corporation, Braintree, MA) and ROTEM® (Tem International GmbH, Munich, Germany) systems. Both consist of a pin suspended in a cup of blood, one of which oscillates. When clot begins to form between the pin and walls of the cup, the pin's movement becomes coupled with that of the cup (or vice versa if it is the pin that is rotating), and its displacement can be displayed graphically.8 The magnitude of displacement is commonly referred to as the "clot amplitude" or "clot firmness" and is related to the strength of the clot connecting the pin and cup. Rather than using rotational forces, Sonoclot® (Sienco Inc, Boulder, CO) vertically oscillates a probe, which experiences increased impedance to movement as clot forms.8 All 3 of these devices provide indirect measurements of clot strength by applying mechanical stress. One of the problems with this technique is that the applied mechanical stress is actually strong enough to alter the clot formation.9 Thus, the instruments themselves have an effect on the exact variable they are trying to measure. This situation is not ideal when trying to measure subtle changes. Using SEER technology to determine the shear modulus should theoretically overcome this problem of the mechanical devices. It is interesting to note that in the study by Reynolds et al, "clot stiffness" as measured by ultrasound was consistently higher compared with "G" as measured by TEG®.3 The higher the clot stiffness, the greater the difference between these 2 measurements. The TEG® platform provides the "G" parameter by using the following equation:


Gortler vortices arise in boundary layers along concave surfaces due to centrifugal effects. This paper presents some results of an experiment conducted to study the development of these vortices on an airfoil with a pressure gradient in the concave region where an attached laminar boundary layer was insured with suction through a perforated panel. The sublimating chemical technique was used to visualize Gortler vortices and the velocity field was measured by laser velocimetry. The vortex wavelength clearly varied with Gortler number as predicted by linear theory. Both flow visualization and velocity measuremetns indicated vortex damping in the convex zone. Secondary instability was observed at the higher Gortler numbers.


As most readers know, or should know, W.M.A. stands for World Medical Association. The stimulus to its formation in 1947 came from the B.M.A. It was established to succeed the Association Professionelle Internationale des Medecins, more familiarly known as A.P.I.M. The unit of membership is the national medical association, and the W.M.A.'s first two objects are: " (i) To promote closer ties among the national medical organizations and among the doctors of the world by personal contact and all other means available," and " (ii) To maintain the honour and protect the interests of the medical profession." The W.M.A. represents voluntary national organizations of medical men in various parts of the world, and its membership includes some 43 of these, the total number of doctors in them amounting to about 700,000. The I.L.O., or the International Labour Organization, was established in 1919 as " an autonomous associate of the League of Nations." It is an intergovernmental organization and now one of the specialist agencies of the United Nations. Its aim is, to quote from one of its leaflets, "to contribute to the establishment of universal and lasting peace by furthering social justtice. It seeklcs by international action to improve labour conditions, raise living standards, and promote economic and social stability." It claims that it is unique among intergovernmental agencies in that representatives of management and labour share in making its decisions and shaping its policies. One way of achieving its aims is by promoting the protection of the worker against sickness, injury, and disease arising out of his employment. The I.L.O. has therefore for some years been interesting itself in the provision of medical care under schemes of social security. In 1927, for example, it drew up a convention on sickness insurance. Its recommendation on medical care was adopted by the International Labour Conference in Philadelphia in 1944. In June this year it had before its 35th session in Geneva a report on


Provided is a coke charging apparatus such that elimination of particle size segregation of red hot coke can be ensured during charging of the red hot coke. This coke charging apparatus (1) is provided above a CDQ cooling tower (7) and charges red hot coke (5) discharged from a coke bucket (3) into the CDQ cooling tower (7). The coke charging apparatus (1) has a receiving hopper part (9) for receiving the red hot coke (5) discharged from the coke bucket (3) and a charging chute part (11) for charging the red hot coke (5) received in the receiving hopper part (9) into the CDQ cooling tower (7). The feeding chute part (11) is configured such that part or all of the feeding chute part (11) is rotatable, and a rotation driving device (13) for rotating part or all of the feeding chute part (11) is provided.


Current research in software reengineering offers a great amount of tools specialized on certain reengineering tasks. The definition of a powerful common interchange format is a key issue to provide interoperability between these tools. This paper discusses aspects of data interchange formats for exchanging reengineering related data. It proposes a graph-based format to exchange both application specific concepts and data by XML documents.


The purpose of studying fire control algorithm is to realize fast convergence,and then shorten the system reaction on the precondition of insuring the filtering precision.This paper adopts modern system engineering theory and digital computer technology,applies several methods such as simulation in order to conduct a detailed study and simulation test on least square method,Kalman filtering and α-β-γ filtering.In the light of the developing status of overseas and domestic technology,this paper tries to explore a suitable filtering algorithm which has strong adaptability and can meet practice demand in order to guide project design.


The Department of Energy (DOE) safety analysis process is increasingly becomming a documentation effort, rather than the cornerstone of risk reduction. Resources required to implement the current Safety Analysis Report (SAR) process across the DOE complex represent a huge investment SAR updating and review is becoming a continuous exercise, because the time required to update the SAR is greater than the annual update requirement. There is a sense that the SAR process has taken on a life of its own, and that the actual reduction of risk has become secondary. A SAR analyzes bounding accident scenarios that form the safety envelope and may not address control measures for lesser hazards within that envelope. Hazard classification plays a subtle but significant role in this problem. Formal documentation of a facility`s hazard class requires additional resources, provides little value added, and may add months to the safety analysis process to develop the necessary documentation and obtain the necessary reviews and approvals. The purpose of this paper is consider whether the DOE hazard classification process is necessary, and to suggest an alternative means of satisfying the objectives of the current hazard classification system.


The aim of the present study was to find out the effect of varied plyometric training (land plyometric training, aqua plyometric training and weighted vest aqua-plyometric training) on anaerobic power of school athletes. A total of forty eight (n= 48) district level school athletes were randomly selected. All the subjects were divided into four equal groups: i) land plyometric training group (n=12), ii) aqua plyometric training group (n=12), iii) aqua-plyometric training with weighted vest group (n=12) and iv) control group (n=12). The varied plyometric training was intervened for fourteen weeks in the respective training groups. In the present study, anaerobic power was considered as the dependent variable, and it was measured by Margaria-Kalamen power test. To draw statistical inferences on anaerobic power among the groups in pre and post intervention conditions, ANCOVA was used, followed by Tukey's LSD post-hoc test. The significance of the means was tested at the 0.05 level. Different plyometric training groups improved significantly with respect to the control group in anaerobic power. Therefore, various plyometric training was found as an effective means for developing anaerobic power. A significant difference was also observed between the aqua-plyometric training with weighted vest group and land plyometric training group in anaerobic power. However, rest of the experimental groups didn't differ significantly. Aqua-plyometric training with weighted vest is a more effective training method than land plyometric training for improving the anaerobic power of the school athletes.


The aim of this paper is to examine market behaviour around the times of annual earnings announcements made in the Paris Bourse. Accordingly, we propose to study both the informational role of accounting numbers and the intraday speed of adjustment of stock prices to new information. Our sample is composed of 117 overnight announcements published among Reuters monitors during the period 2001-2003. For every date, the event is classified into one of three categories: good news, bad news or no news. This split was made by comparing the actual number to financial analysts' expectations. Our intraday analysis reveals several results. First, according to the thesis of Kim and Verrecchia (1994), the spread remains large short time after the release of unanticipated earnings announcements. During this period, spread widening is accompanied by an abnormal market activity. Second, abnormal returns earned by sophisticated investors dissipate within fifteen minutes. Next, Prices converge to equilibrium more quickly for good news than for bad news. Finally, we present evidence of price reversal thirty minutes following bad news announcements, as predicted by Ziebart (1998).


The orthodox view of the attitude/content distinction takes it to be sharp: the attitude is no part of the content. I call this view the 'Tripartite view', according to which the attitude is a relation of the subject to a content, and cannot therefore be part of the content. This chapter suggests that we abandon the Tripartite view in favor of what I call the 'Dual view'. According to this, we don't need to commit ourselves to the existence of hundreds of intentional attitude-relation types conceived of as metaphysically distinguishable from intentional contents. The differences between intentional states that are standardly captured by appeal to attitude-relations can be captured equally well by appeal to differences between their contents. All there is to the metaphysics of our intentional states is (i) a subject and (ii) a content. There is no need to postulate distinct metaphysical relations and call them 'the belief relation', 'the desire relation', and so on.


Pasteurella multocida was integrally dry-coated on the basis of glutaraldehyde coupling of the whole cell antigen to microliter plates.Glutaraldehyde of 2.5% concentration was used for pretreatment of ELISA plates.Using the method of chessboard titration,a hundred million of whole cells per milliliter in PBS buffer were selected for the proper dry-coating concentration.Specificity,repeatability and stability examination's result as well as the preliminary indirect ELISA used in the sample test indicated that the whole cell dry-coating could be rather helpful to development of ELISA detecting fowl cholera antibody.


A neutrino magnetic moment greater than 10/sup -12/..mu../sub B/, the Bohr magneton, would have important implications for gravitational-collapse supernovae. Also, it has been suggested that ..mu../..mu../sub B/approx.10/sup -10/ might solve the solar neutrino problem. However, we show that the neutrino observations of SN1987A and general optical observations of supernovae set a firm upper limit of ..mu../..mu../sub B/<5 x 10/sup -13/. This limit is about 100 times better than the best experimental determination and previous astrophysical limits, and 10--20 times better than a previous limit based on big-bang nucleosynthesis.


On‐board generation of a set of calibration standards was demonstrated within a microfluidic device designed to perform immunoassay. Electrokinetic flow was used to proportionally mix the antibody (Ab) to bovine serum albumin (BSA) and a diluting buffer, to provide varying Ab concentrations for downstream mixing with fluorescently labeled BSA (BSA*). Mixing ratios were determined from electrical impedance modeling of the fluidic network using P‐SPICE software, and peak heights for the labeled species were analyzed relative to the concentration calculated from the model. For dilution and separation of fluorescently labeled amino acids, a linear calibration curve was obtained for mixing ratios of 0.118 to 7.46. A linear calibration curve was obtained for the immunoassay calibration using dilution ratios between 0.197 and 5.077. Deviations were observed at larger extremes, possibly due to leakage effects at intersections. Peak height reproducibility was ±3% for the immunoassay, using diluted monoclonal Ab in mouse ascites fluid as the analyte. Recovery for on‐chip calibration was 92 ± 6% versus calibrants prepared off‐chip, indicating a small bias.


CHR's features haven been chosen to support the modeling and implementation of constraint solvers. Today we know of no better way to quickly implement solvers for and gain insight in new constraint domains. In recent years, it has become clear that CHR is also useful for many other types of applications. The usual applications of (Term) Rewriting Systems and Production Rule Systems are quite easy to implement in CHR as well. Also imperative algorithms can be expressed in a high-level manner in CHR. In short, be it for logical reasoning services or for any other general purpose application, CHR is a language to consider.


The social economy organizations and especially the work insertion social enterprises prove to be viable instruments for revitalizing the local economies undergoing difficulties. Due to the limited capacity of the communities in the underprivileged areas to generate income and the inability to activate endogenous development processes and create jobs, social economy is regarded as a component of the community development process. The article handles the issue of social economy organizations, focusing on the social insertion enterprises as the main mechanisms for increasing the employment within vulnerable persons. Starting from the analysis of the social economy contribution to the implementation of the European social policy, the author reviews the social insertion means, forms and models of vulnerable persons currently existing on national and international level. The research entailed the use of an indirect observation by analyzing the specialized Romanian and foreign literature and by analyzing various official documents available at variosus non-governmental organizations and European research institutes and networks, interested and involved in the wide and various range of problems related to the management of social enterprises.


In spite of the international acclaim for its spectacular productions of the early 'seventies, the Théâtre du Soleil has generally received less than adequate attention in English-language theatre journals. The original series of Theatre Quarterly included a lengthy interview with its leading member, Ariane Mnouchkine, focused upon its then-current production, L'Age d'or, in TQ18 (1975), and we now bring the story up to date – first, with a survey of the company's earlier work and its distinctive qualities by Adrian Kiernander, who recently spent a year with the Théâtre du Soleil on a French government scholarship, between working as a freelance director and his present position teaching theatre studies in the University of Queensland. Two complementary studies of the company's most recent production follow. In the first, Adrian Kiernander places The Terrible but Unfinished History of Norodom Sihanouk, King of Cambodia, within the context of his preceding analysis. In the second, David Graver, a doctoral candidate in the Department of Comparative Literature at Cornell University, and presently a Visiting Scholar at Clare Hall, Cambridge, describes and assesses the nature and qualities of the script by Hélène Cixous, as realized in the production.


The present investigation was carried out in the dry season of 2013 in the conventional production unit of ESPAM-MFL. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of the frequency of application of biol on the agronomic variables of pepper (Capsicum annumm L.) Three application frequencies 7, 14 and 21 days were studied with a 15% dilution. The experiment was conducted by using a completely randomized block design. Variables were established as: plant height at 30 and 60 days after transplantation, mass (g), diameter (cm) and length (cm). Yield was measured in kilograms per hectare. In addition, the initial chemical composition of the biol was analyzed, as well as a chemical and microbiological analysis of the soil before and after sowing.

The results show that the application of biol has no influence on the agronomic variables evaluated, they were considered similar to those obtained by the control. The nitrogen levels of the biol established by analysis are considered low (0.1%). The chemical analysis of the soil components allows to establish that they are maintained once the crop is completed. The microbiological content of the soil undergoes changes, probably due to the continuous application of biol. In spite of not establishing statistical differences in the test, treatment F3 (Application of biol of bovine every 21 days after transplant) has a superior yield (19840 kg / ha) to that presented by the control (16500 kg / ha) Making possible a possible influence, which suggests to make further investigations in respect of this.


Despite the fact that insects are a promising source of proteins and are consumed in many countries, they are often rejected as food in Western societies. Food can be refused for a number of different reasons, among which repulsion appears to have workshop entitled "Insects, Food and Design" held at ELISAVA to explore changing Western perceptions of eating insects. The workshop began investigating the cooking of insects, and the following ideation phase addressed people's motivations to make insects appealing. This paper presents three different concepts that emerged from the workshop.


Nowadays,the static excitation system is becoming more popular in the synchronous motor.Excitation converter,as a main part of static excitation system,is very important to the safe and steady operation of power systems.In order to enhance the reliability and intelligent of excitation equipment,a new dual redundant fault-tolerant CAN network design was presented based on relevant theory and technical characteristics.Site test,the design has a certain economic value and practical significance,the system run securely and reliably.


Objective The objectives of this study were to describe patients' surgical goals and determine if goal attainment is associated with postoperative satisfaction and regret. Methods Women undergoing surgery for pelvic floor disorders between June and December 2019 were recruited. At their initial visit, patients listed up to 4 surgical goals. Three months after surgery, patients completed the Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory, Patient Global Impression of Improvement, Satisfaction with Decision Scale, and Decision Regret Scale. They were also shown their initial goals and asked, "Did you achieve this goal by having surgery?" Women who achieved all goals were designated "goal achievers," and those who did not achieve even 1 goal were "goal nonachievers" (GNAs). Results Ninety-nine patients listed a median of 1 (range, 1–4) goals. Goals were categorized as follows: symptom improvement (52%), treatment achievement (23%), lifestyle improvement (17%), and information gathering (6%). Ninety-one percent of patients were goal achievers, and 9% were GNAs. Goal achievers had higher Satisfaction with Decision Scale scores (5.0 [4.7–5.0] vs 4.0 [3.8–4.8], P = 0.002), lower Decision Regret Scale scores (1.0 [1.0–1.4] vs 2.0 [1.1–2.7], P = 0.001), and better Patient Global Impression of Improvement scores (1.0 [1.0–2.0] vs 2.0 [1.0–4.0], P = 0.004). In prolapse surgery patients, postoperative Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory scores were similar; however, GNAs had higher postoperative Urinary Distress Inventory scores (17.0 ± 18.0 vs 45.8 ± 20.8, P = 0.01). Conclusions Ninety-one percent of women achieved their presurgical goals, the most common being symptom relief. Goal achievers have higher satisfaction and less regret; however, those with worsening or de novo urinary symptoms are more likely to be GNAs and be unsatisfied.


In Morocco the thermal insulation of buildings envelop was not a common practice until it becomes obligatory since 2015 to meet the requirements of the Moroccan construction thermal regulation (RTCM) depending on six climate zones. The aim of this paper is to determine the optimum thickness of expanded polystyrene (EPS) and rock wool (RW) of walls constructed of brick for different Moroccan climate zones: Agadir (first zone), Tanger (second zone), Fes (third zone), Ifrane (fourth zone), Marrakech (fifth zone), Errachidia (sixth zone). A numerical model of a multilayered wall is developed to compute the annual heating and cooling loads. These loads are used as input to life cycle cost analysis using the energy and insulation costs. The liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and electricity are used as energy source, respectively, for heating and cooling. For each case, the calculation is carried out for annual heating and cooling loads and total cost including insulation and energy costs. Results show that the optimum thermal insulation depends on climate zones and insulation types. The lowest value of energy savings is obtained for climate zone 1 which are 289.55 and 300.55 dh/m² respectively for EPS and RW.


There are many methods to measure geomagnetic field. We give a mothd to measure horizontal ponderance of geomagnetic field by electron beam experimental instrument.


Detecting faces in images with complex backgrounds is a difficult task. Our approach, which obtains state-of-the-art results, is based on a generative neural network model: the constrained generative model (CGM). To detect side-view faces and to decrease the number of false alarms, a conditional mixture of networks is used. To decrease the computational time cost, a fast search algorithm is proposed. The level of performance reached, in terms of detection accuracy and processing time, allows us to apply this detector to a real-world application: the indexation of face images on the WWW.


The paper is concerned with the construction of brand culture of enterprise. Starting with the related concepts and their meaning and function about brand culture, the author fetches out the connotation and function about the brand culture of enterprise. Then the author makes a research on the meaning of the construction of brand culture of enterprise. Through condition research which construction of brand culture of enterprise has discusses the approaches on the construction of brand culture of enterprise. In a word, the research on the construction of brand culture of enterprise reflects the core value and enhances the core competitive power of the enterprise, which has not only the theoretical significance, but also the practical significance.


1School of Engineering and Built Environment, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK 2School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK 3School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK 4Department of Computer Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China 5Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand


Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infects over 170 million people worldwide. Chronic infection occurs in 50-80% of cases and eventually leads to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. HCV can be classified into six genotypes. Genotypes 1, 2 and 3 have a world-wide distribution but their prevalence differs from one geographical area to another. In Scotland there is an approximate 50/50 split between patients infected with HCV genotype 1 and genotype 3. One difference which has been consistently demonstrated is the better response of patients infected with genotypes 2 and 3 to interferon treatment than those infected with genotype 1. The HCV lifecycle is only partly understood owing to the lack of a productive cell culture system. There is no vaccine to prevent infection by HCV. Given the predicted future impact of the disease, there is a great need to understand the molecular basis of the HCV life cycle. Protein translation is one of the important processes in HCV replication. It involves an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) in the 5'untranslated region (5'UTR). Comparison of the sequence and function of the 5'UTR from different genotypes might differentiate features essential to the virus life cycle in all genotypes from those relevant only to individual genotypes. In this study, the 5'UTR region of genotype 3 was compared with that of genotype 1 with respect to translation initiation and quasispecies composition. The association between translation efficiencies, serum viral loads and the histology of the liver was also investigated. (Abstract shortened by ProQuest.).


The understanding ofthe conditionsofthe transition between the quantum and the classicaldescriptionsisa centralquestion in Q uantum M echanics. The issue has repeatedly been discussed since Schrodinger's cat rst appeared in the literature [1]. M ore recently,thissom ewhatconceptualand philosophicaldiscussion hasbecom e aquiteconcreteexperim entalproblem given thesubstantiveprogressonehaswitnessed on thequestion oflossof quantum coherence,usually referred to as decoherence [2]and theinterferenceexperim entswith m acrom olecules [3,4,5]. These experim ents have,in particular,exam ined the conditionsunderwhich the quantum coherence is lost for highly com plex system s. It is believed that determ ining thedrawinglinebetween quantum and classicalbehaviour m ay bring new insights into the nature ofm acroscopic objects which exhibit quantum properties[6],and m ay allow spelling outthe conditionsunder which,for instance,quantum com puters m ay be physically built.


Abstract A closed-loop liquid metal system is proposed for the simultaneous quenching and desulphurization at elevated temperature of raw fuel gas from commercial gasifiers. Besides its origins in a recently conceived liquid metal transport gasifier, application to the oxygen-blown Shell gasifier and the air-blown Mitsui-Babcock gasifier is discussed. The quenched fuel gas is filtered at relatively low temperature before being reheated to 750 °C or above by direct contact heat exchange with liquid metal in advance of partial precombustion to raise the temperature (1735 and 1194 °C respectively). Ammonia is reduced and equilibrium established prior to massive superheated steam injection, utilizing all available steam, and then rapid transmission to the can-annular combustors of a 1500 °C Class gas turbine at 870 °C, where autoignition of the highly preheated fuel gas is predicted. NOx emissions as low as 2 ppmv are anticipated. Mercury is projected to be recovered in elemental form, while other air toxics are prevented from discharging into the environment. Water recovery at 99 per cent appears feasible in a low-pressure drop system, and visible plume discharge is avoided by reheating the condenser off-gas in direct contact with a passivated liquid metal surface. Parallels are drawn with the molten tin based float glass process.


The immunological deficiency of multiple myeloma is characterized by reduced levels of serum normal immunoglobulins. However, the mechanism is not completely understood. The present study deals with the suppressor activity of monocytes from patient with myeloma which prevent the maturation of normal B cells into immunoglobulin-producing cells. When monocytes from patients with myeloma were added to normal lymphocytes in the presece of pokeweed mitogen the immunoglobulin synthesis of the normal lymphocytes was suppressed. The suppressor effect of the monocytes was not dependent on the methods which monocytes were isolated. Monocytes from patients withmyeloma showed the almost same characterization as those from normal individuals.


Cell therapy has emerged as a promising option to treat myocardial infarction or heart failure; more than 1500 patients with cardiovascular diseases are treated with adult progenitor cells worldwide. The treatment of acute and chronic myocardial infarction with adult bone marrow-derived cells provided a modest benefit in most but not all studies. A number of plausible reasons have been discussed to explain the modest effects, sending researchers back to the bench to elucidate strategies to overcome the limitations of cell therapy and to develop more efficient approaches. Such strategies include the use of other sources to isolate adult progenitor cells (eg, adipose or cardiac tissue) or the generation of pluripotent cells by the reprogramming of somatic cell types. Successful cardiac cell therapy in clinical practice also depends on the efficient delivery and the appropriate integration and alignment of injected or infused cells. The pretreatment of cells with activators to augment cell homing and survival or the improvement of cell delivery tools may provide an opportunity to increase the number of active cells in ischemic or diseased tissues, thereby increasing their therapeutic potential. Finally, the identification of molecules guiding cardiac differentiation provides novel tools to enforce the formation of new functionally active cardiomyocytes to augment cardiac regeneration in its pure sense.

This section provides a short overview of the different cell types that have been or are currently being tested for the treatment of patients with acute myocardial infarction or chronic heart failure (Figure 1). Most of the clinical studies performed so far have used bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells (BMCs) for treating patients with acute or chronic infarcts (for review, see elsewhere1). Overall, a modest but significant benefit was seen in meta-analyses of all published studies.2,3 Particularly in the acute setting, the infusion of BMCs via balloon catheters into …


With the scale of asiatic lily as explants,the RNAi vector with ACO anti-aging gene was transferred into lily with Agrobacterium-mediated transformation to study the factors which affected the transformation and to provide theoretical and technical basis for anti-aging of plants.The results showed that the highest transformation efficiency was obtained through the following transformation procedure: after preculture for 3 d,25 mg/L acetosyringone(AS) was added to Agrobacterium and co-cultivation medium respectively,the explants were inoculated for 8min with diluted OD600=0.8 recombinant Agrobacterium tumefacien culture liquid,and then co-cultivated for 3 d.PCR detection showed that some resistant plants were positive,which indicated preliminarily that the ACO gene was integrated into the genome of transgenic plants.


Thresholdless churches can improve accessibility, but how can churches express that variations in abilities are fundamental to human life? In this article, theological aesthetics and disability aesthetics are used to explore this question through an investigation of a church designed especially for deaf and deafblind persons, Tomaskirken in Andebu, Norway. Based on the observation that the interior of the church lacks references to disability art and disability aesthetics, it is argued that this is problematic. Altough the lack of disability aesthetics and disability art can be understood as a sign of inclusion, Tomaskirken remain a missed opportunity to explore how the theological acknowledgement of human diversity can be expressed through aesthetic expressions in churches.


The microtubule-associated Tau protein aggregates into insoluble paired helical filaments(PHFs) that deposit as neurofibrillary tangles(NFTs) which may cause neurodegeneration in brains of those with Alzheimer's disease(AD) and other related tauopathies;therefore,the drug discovery targeting on Tau protein has attracted an increasing number of researchers.In the last decade,most of the studies were focused on the approach to search for inhibitors of phosphorylation kniases,while only few put their eyes on the approach to discover inhibitors of Tau self-aggregation process.Phenylthiazolyl-Hydrazide(PTH) with the same core structure is a kind of molecules that directly inhibit Tau self-aggregation process.To illuminate the relationship between the structure of R-groups and molecular activities,and design new molecules with higher activity than the template molecule,topomer CoMFA was employed in three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship(3D-QSAR) studies of 26 phenylthiazolyl-hydrazides(PTH) derivatives as Tau protein inhibitors.The Topomer CoMFA model has good fitting ability and predictive ability.The number of principal components,r2,q2,r2pred.,SEE and F of the Topomer CoMFA model were 5,0.976,0.603,0.795,0.110 and 115.778,respectively.The model was used to search R-groups with special activity contribution from ZINC database.By No.1 molecule filtering,there were 9 R1-groups and 2 R2-groups with contribution values rising by 20%.We employed the 9 R1-groups and 2 R2-groups to alternately substitutes for the R1 and R2 of sample 1;as a result,we got a total of 18 new compounds and further predicted their activities using the Topomer CoMFA model obtained,and the activity of 15 of them were higher than that of the template molecule.This research showed that Topomer search could be effectively used in molecular design;meanwhile,the molecules designed provide new candidate drugs for drug development of Alzheimer's disease.


Canine atopic dermatitis (cAD) is a common inflammatory skin disease that is considered to be a naturally occurring, spontaneous model of human atopic dermatitis (eczema). The aim of the paper was to identify of the SNP rs22114085 in different dog breeds. The material involved 52 dogs from 5 different breeds. Canine genomic DNA was isolated from saliva by modified method with using DNAzol ® and linear polyacrylamide (LPA) carrier and from blood by using commercial kit NucleospinBlood and used in order to estimate rs22114085 SNP genotypes by PCR-RFLP method. The PCR products were digested with Dde I restriction enzyme. The C allele was distributed in Czech Pointer, Chihuahua, German Wirehaired Pointer with an allele frequency ranging from 0.4545 to 1.00. In the population of Czech Pointer we detected all genotypes CC, CT and TT with frequency in male 0.25, 0.5833 and 0.1667, and in female 0.2728, 0.3636 and 0.3636, subsequently. In German Wirehaired Pointer was detected homozygote genotype CC in male and heterozygote genotype CT in female with frequency 1 and 1. In Chihuahua was observed homozygote genotype CC and heterozygote genotype CT with frequency 0.3333 and 0.6667, subsequently. In Golden retriever and Pincher we detected genotype TT with frequency 1.


One of the exciting challenges within gastroenterology relates to the proper diagnosis and care of patients with functional GI disorders. These patients have symptoms that are complex and multifaceted. The pathophysiological determinants of these conditions are only beginning to be understood, and relate to enteric dysfunction (abnormal motility and visceral hypersensitivity), mucosal immune alterations, and brain-gut dysregulation (altered CNS pain control and stress regulatory systems). These relatively new concepts in the health-care field need to be properly communicated to clinicians and investigators. Despite a growing scientific understanding of the pathophysiology of these disorders, there is a lag in its dissemination. This adversely affects the opportunity to provide benefits to patients, and is further complicated by the current emphasis on rapid "throughput" in both the outpatient and inpatient settings (1). The latter approach, while presumed to be rewarding economically, can lead to "testing before thinking," and it diminishes motivation to obtain a careful history, perform a directed physical examination and apply this information in clinical decision making. Importantly, certain attitudes and beliefs imbedded in our


Using tungsten microelectrodes, electrical potentials were recorded directly from the rabbit retina. These responses were not obliterated by isolated clinical photocoagulations of grade 1 to 2 intensity, using the ruby laser.


Second-language (L2) acquisition is generally thought to be constrained by maturational factors that circumscribe a critical period for nativelike attainment. Consistent with the maturational view are age effects among learners who begin L2 acquisition prior to, but not after, closure of the putative critical period. Also favoring the maturational account is the scarcity of late L2 learners at asymptote who perform like natives, and weak effects of native language‐target language pairings. With Korean and Chinese learners of English, the experimental study of Johnson and Newport (1989) yielded just these types of evidence. Some subsequent studies do not support the critical period account of L2 acquisition constraints, however. Accordingly, we undertook a replication of Johnson and Newport (1989), using the exact methods and materials of the original experiment, and a sample of Spanish natives (n = 61). In keeping with recent research, L2 attainment negatively correlates with age of learning even if learning commences after the presumed end of the critical period. We also find modest evidence of nativelike attainment among late learners. Our data further suggest that the outcome of L2 acquisition may depend on L1‐L2 pairings and L2 use. © 2001 Academic Press


In this paper we use global analysis to study the welfare properties of general equilibrium economies with incomplete markets (GEI). Our main result is to show that constrained Pareto optimal equilibria are contained in a submanifold of the equilibrium set. This result is explicitly derived for economies with real assets and fixed aggregate resources, of which real numeraire assets are a special case. As a by product of our analysis, we propose an original global parametrization of the equilibrium set that generalizes to incomplete markets the classical one, first, proposed by Lange (1942).


A 58-year-old female was referred to us because of a bulge of the lateral pharyngeal wall and a mass at the angle of the mandible. CT scan showed a large tumor occupying the parapharyngeal space and extending intracranially. We suspected the tumor to be malignant because of destruction of the skull base, and performed an intraoral biopsy which showed benign schwannoma. The tumor was removed by a two-stage operation. The first stage was performed by neurosurgeons for the intracranial portion of the tumor. We performed the second stage for the parapharyngeal portion of the tumor, using an external approach with mandibulotomy at the angle of the mandible. The patient was discharged seven weeks after our operation with no complications.An external approach is recommended for removal of tomors in the parapharyngeal space.CT scan was useful in the diagnosis of the tumor in the parapharyngeal space.


Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) of amino acids has proven a challenging task. The SERS of biomolecules and the formation of a reliable SERS data‐base for medical application has shown to be a very challenging task for two reasons: first, the functional groups in proteins, lipid and sugars do not usually include aromatic moieties or chromophores absorbing in the visible (with intrinsic very large cross sections), and therefore, large enhancement factors are needed for ultrasensitive analysis. Second, the biomolecule‐metal surface interaction leads to active surface photochemistry, photoisomerization or photodissociation, thus hindering the reproducibility of the experiment.In this work, we have employed hydroxyproline (Hyp) as our problem molecule, and tackled the problem of reproducibility by employing gold colloids instead of the usual silver to achieve SERS. We slightly modified the procedure described by Lee and Meisel to obtain the colloid, and concentrated the gold particles by centrifuging the colloid at 14000 rpm by 7 minutes. The SERS spectra show distinctive bands of Hyp, assigned by comparison to normal Raman spectra and DFT calculations. Repeated measurements using this procedure showed no significant variation in the spectra obtained.Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) of amino acids has proven a challenging task. The SERS of biomolecules and the formation of a reliable SERS data‐base for medical application has shown to be a very challenging task for two reasons: first, the functional groups in proteins, lipid and sugars do not usually include aromatic moieties or chromophores absorbing in the visible (with intrinsic very large cross sections), and therefore, large enhancement factors are needed for ultrasensitive analysis. Second, the biomolecule‐metal surface interaction leads to active surface photochemistry, photoisomerization or photodissociation, thus hindering the reproducibility of the experiment.In this work, we have employed hydroxyproline (Hyp) as our problem molecule, and tackled the problem of reproducibility by employing gold colloids instead of the usual silver to achieve SERS. We slightly modified the procedure described by Lee and Meisel to obtain the colloid, and concentrated the gold particles by centrifuging ...


In order to provide an adhesive tape (10) for making a connection between two flat wound into rolls web-shaped materials in a flying splice with a self-adhesive composition (12) and with a cleavable system in which even after prolonged storage, a constant resistance to tear propagation is guaranteed, is suggested that the cleavable system having two separable layers (13, 14).


The liteServer is very lightweight, low latency, crossplatform network protocol for signal monitoring and control. It provides very basic functionality of popular channel access protocols like CA or pvAccess of EPICS. It supports request-reply patterns: 'info', 'get' and 'set' requests and publish-subscribe pattern: 'monitor' request. The main scope of the liteServer is: 1) control and monitoring of instruments supplied with proprietary software, 2) seamless connectivity to existing control systems, 3) restricted access to process variables (PVs), 4) possibility to implement the server in FPGA without CPU core. The transport protocol is connectionless (UDP) and data serialization format is Universal Binary JSON (UBJSON). The UBJSON provides complete compatibility with the JSON specification, it is very efficient and fast. INTRODUCTION Modern instruments are often supplied with rich proprietary software tools, which make it difficult to integrate them to existing control systems. The initial motivation of developing the liteServer was to build a simple server, which controls a device using supplied proprietary software tools (DLLs or shared libraries) and expose the process variables for access from an existing control architecture. The basic features of the communication protocol are suitable for implementation in FPGA fabric which lacks a CPU core, such firmware could be made fault tolerant using TMR [1] technique. UBJSON The UBJSON serialization format have been chosen for communication because it provides complete compatibility with the omnipresent JSON – there is a 1:1 mapping between standard JSON specification and UBJSON [2]. In addition, it has following advantages: • Ease of implementation. It is feasible to implement it in FPGA fabric. • Ease of use. • Speed and efficiency – UBJSON uses data representations that are (roughly) 30% smaller than their compacted JSON counterparts and are optimized for fast parsing. Streamed serialization is supported, meaning that the transfer of UBJSON over a network connection can start sending data before the final size of the data is known. The Universal Binary JSON specification utilizes a single construct with two optional segments (length and data) for all types: [type, 1-byte char]([integer length])([data]) Similarly to JSON, UBJSON defines two container types: array (analog of a Python list) and object (analog of a Python dictionary). MESSAGING The message, received by the server is an UBJSON object with obligatory keys 'cmd', 'username' and 'program'. The 'cmd' is 2-element UBJSON array, the first element is a liteServer command, the second is an array of arguments. The liteServer command may be one of the following: 'info', 'get', 'set', 'monitor' and 'retransmit'. The 'retransmit' command is special. It is used to recover data lost during the transaction. The array of arguments comprises up to four other arrays: device names, parameter names, parameter properties and values. All elements of an array can be requested by specifying an empty array. Example of the command to change frequencies of two devices: {{'cmd': ['set', [['dev1', 'dev2'], ['frequency'], ['value'], [1.0, 2.0]]], 'username': 'JohnDoe', 'program': 'liteAccess.py'} The response message is an object with keys representing device:PV and values representing the requested properties as shown below: {'dev1:frequency': {'value': [1.0]}, 'dev2:frequency': {'value': [2.0]}} The 'username' and 'program' keys are used for optional access restriction. THE SERVER The server listens for request and sends responds through an UDP sockets. Messages, which are too big to fit into a single UDP transfer are chopped into smaller chunks. The position of the chunk is transferred as a first word of the socket message. The client acknowledges the server when the whole message has been received. If a chunk has been lost in the transfer, then the client issues a 'retransmit' request. In the Python implementation, the liteServer module provides base classes Device and PV for devices and its Process Variables objects to be handled by the server. The ___________________________________________ * Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704 with the U.S. Department of Energy. † firstname.lastname@example.com 17th Int. Conf. on Acc. and Large Exp. Physics Control Systems ICALEPCS2019, New York, NY, USA JACoW Publishing ISBN: 978-3-95450-209-7 ISSN: 2226-0358 doi:10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS2019-WEPHA151 Control System Infrastructure WEPHA151 1449 Co nt en tf ro m th is w or k m ay be us ed un de rt he te rm so ft he CC BY 3. 0 lic en ce (© 20 19 ). A ny di str ib ut io n of th is w or k m us tm ai nt ai n at tri bu tio n to th e au th or (s ), tit le of th e w or k, pu bl ish er ,a nd D O I.


The aconitine-induced fibrillation of the right atrium of the young rabbit was studied by the simultaneous recording of the transmembrane potentials of two myocardial cells with intracellular microelectrodes. The results obtained were as follows : 1. After aconitine application, the ordinary spontaneous contraction of the atrium was inhibited, and then atrial fibrillation gradually developed. At the beginning of the fibrillation, coordination and synchronism of the electrical activities between two cells were fairly well maintained with relatively regular rhythm and amplitude of the action potential. Irregularity of the single cell activity, however, increaced with time, though the grade and temporal process of appearance of fibrillation varied with aconitine concentration. 2. When fibrillation was extinguished, regular rhythm and amplitude of action potentials usually recovered. But the amplitude of the action potentials appeared still decaying with time, and irregularities of the potentials were maintained. The action of aconitine on the atrium was therefore not completely reversible. 3. Coordination or synchronism between the electrical activities of the two fibers of the fibrillating atrial muscle was found to depend not only on the direction (transverse or longitudinal) of those fibers, but also on the distance between two microelectrodes. 4. Two types of "slow" or "small" depolarizations were recorded from the fibrillating atrial muscle. The first type was a oscillatory slow potential in the ectopic pace-maker, and the second type was a "junctional potential", which appeared to be produced by an electrotonic spread of the action potential of the adjoining fiber through the intercellular junction. 5. It was discussed that the behaviour of the fibrillating atrial muscle is determined by the degree of decrease of the safety factor of the intercellular junction, in other words by the "junctional potential".


As property, plant and equipment are used, their values decrease; they wear out and become outmoded. Expensing of the impairment of property, plant and equipment is called depreciation. To spread depreciation expenses over periods, to assist in the calculation of production costs, to provide auto financing, and to ensure that property, plant and equipment are seen at a fair value on the financial statements are the functions of depreciation. According to IAS 16, the objective of that standard is "to prescribe the accounting treatment for property, plant and equipment so that users of the financial statements can discern information about an entity's investment in its property, plant and equipment and the changes in such investment." Depreciation methods stated in IAS 16 are the straight-line method, the diminishing balance method and the units of production method. In this study, a hypothetical example is developed and depreciation calculations are made based on these depreciation methods and the results obtained are compared.


Correspondence to Hun-Mo Ryoo, M.D. Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, 33 17-gil Duryugongwon-ro, Nam-gu, Daegu 705-718, Korea Tel: +82-53-650-4034, Fax: +82-53-622-6062, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Copyrightc 2012 The Korean Association of Internal Medicine This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 칼시토닌 분비 췌장 내분비 종양을 동반한 다발내분비샘종양 1형 1예


The effect of photoperiod was more obvious in the North Carolina than in the St. Croix strain of Manduca sexta (Johannson) (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae). Under a 12-hour photophase, more than 95% of the North Carolina but only about 3% of the St. Croix strain diapaused. Under a 14-hour photophase, diapause was extremely low in both strains. The 2 strains also differed in the length of the pupal period of non-diapausing individuals, with the St. Croix strain requiring several days longer than the North Carolina strain.

When F1 progeny of the cross between the 2 strains were reared under long and short day lengths, responses were different for the 2 sexes. The incidence and intensity of diapause and the length of the pupal period of nondiapausing individuals were associated with sex.


Signal analysis biomarkers, in an intra-operative setting, may be complementary tools to guide and tailor the resection in drug-resistant epilepsy patients. Unbiased assessment of biomarker performances are needed to evaluate their clinical usefulness and translation. We defined a realistic ground-truth scenario and compared the effectiveness of different biomarkers alone and combined to localize epileptogenic tissue.We investigated the performances of univariate, bivariate and multivariate signal biomarkers applied to 1 minute inter-ictal intra-operative electrocorticography to discriminate between electrodes covering normal or pathologic activity in 47 drug-resistant people with epilepsy (temporal and extra-temporal) who had been seizure-free one year after the operation.The best result using a single biomarker was obtained using the phase-amplitude coupling measure for which the epileptogenic tissue was localized in 16 out of 47 patients. Combining the whole set of biomarkers provided an improvement of the performances: 20 out of 47 patients. Repeating the analysis only on the temporal-lobe resections we reached a sensitivity of 93% (28 out of 30) combining all the biomarkers.We suggest that the assessment of biomarker performances on a ground-truth scenario is required to have a proper estimate on how biomarkers translate into clinical use. Phase-amplitude coupling seems the best performing single biomarker and combining biomarkers improves localization of epileptogenic tissue. However, sensitivity achieved is not adequate for the usage as a tool in the operation theater, but it can improve the understanding of pathophysiological process.


This paper develops the fixed "almost" least-change secant methods for solving of nonlinear problems. The presented results generalize and extend some results given by Dennis and Walker [SIAM J. Numer., Anal., 18 (1981), pp. 949–987]. Among other things, multilevel update algorithms are described.


Pre-TCR signal transduction is required for developing thymocytes to differentiate from CD4-CD8- double negative (DN) to CD4+CD8+ double positive (DP) cell. Notch signalling is required for T-cell fate specification and must be maintained throughout β-selection, but inappropriate Notch activation in DN4 and DP cells is oncogenic. Here, we show that pre-TCR signalling leads to increased expression of the transcriptional repressor Bcl6 and that Bcl6 is required for differentiation to DP. Conditional deletion of Bcl6 from thymocytes reduced pre-TCR-induced differentiation to DP cell, disrupted expansion and enrichment of icTCRβ+ cells within the DN population and increased DN4 cell death. It also increased Notch1 activation and Notch-mediated transcription in the DP population. Thus, Bcl6 is required in thymocyte development for efficient differentiation from DN3 to DP cell and to attenuate Notch1 activation in DP cells. Given the importance of inappropriate NOTCH1 signalling in T-ALL, and the involvement of Bcl6 in other types of leukaemia, this study is important to our understanding of T-ALL.


An engaged faculty will show a high degree of commitment and involvement in the profession. For him/her teaching is more of commitment than compliance. Important thing to be noticed here is where this commitment and involvement of a faculty reflect upon? This paper tries to go deeper into the analysis of justifying what engages the faculties of management colleges and institutions in such a way that it enhances the students' performance.


We present an adaptive resolution simulation of aqueous salt (NaCl) solutions at ambient conditions using the adaptive resolution scheme. Our multiscale approach concurrently couples the atomistic and coarse-grained models of the aqueous NaCl, where water molecules and ions change their resolution while moving from one resolution domain to the other. We employ standard extended simple point charge (SPC/E) and simple point charge (SPC) water models in combination with AMBER and GROMOS force fields for ion interactions in the atomistic domain. Electrostatics in our model are described by the generalized reaction field method. The effective interactions for water–water and water–ion interactions in the coarse-grained model are derived using structure-based coarse-graining approach while the Coulomb interactions between ions are appropriately screened. To ensure an even distribution of water molecules and ions across the simulation box we employ thermodynamic forces. We demonstrate that the equilibrium structural, e.g. radial distribution functions and density distributions of all the species, and dynamical properties are correctly reproduced by our adaptive resolution method. Our multiscale approach, which is general and can be used for any classical non-polarizable force-field and/or types of ions, will significantly speed up biomolecular simulation involving aqueous salt.


In this paper, we present three methods for improving the searching speed and accuracy for query by humming (QBH) system with large melody database. 1) At the feature level, to minimize the inevitable errors caused by a single pitch extractor, three different pitch extraction algorithms are fused together to gain more credible and robust pitch sequence. 2) To speed up the matching process, a candidate set reduction method is firstly adopted to filter out the unlikely candidates by faster but less precise methods; then a more accurate but slower strategy is executed on the survival candidate set to perform a finer match. 3) At the decision level, we utilize these scores generated during the filtering stage and finematching stage to fusing together to get more accurate result. The proposed system achieved mean reciprocal rank of 0.929 for the corpus used in MIREX2006 [1] while cost an average of 0.58 seconds for one query. The results reveal the advantage of our system on speed and accuracy comparing to other system participated in that contest.


The civilian public service program came as an outgrowth of the Selective Service Act of 1940. It provided a means of safeguarding the freedom of conscience and religion of the individual, in so far as military service was concerned. By means of this program individuals classified as conscientious objectors were assigned to work of national importance. The program itself showed the influence of selective service offi cials, military officials, other government agencies, and the sponsoring churches. Selective service was responsible for the early processing of the conscientious objector and super vised the transfer of assignees to other special projects or camps. It also operated the special camps sponsored by the federal government. The chief function of the military authorities entailed the maintenance of certain standards as to buildings and sanitation in the camps. Officials of the soil conservation service were responsible for carrying out the special work projects of each camp. They provided the technical guidance and necessary equipment. The sponsoring churches administered the camps, and became financially re sponsible for their maintenance. Their camp administrators looked after the personal needs of the assignees, kept, the records, and prepared the various work rosters. This alternate program served a twofold purpose by offering the conscientious objectors an opportunity to serve in a capacity which would not infringe upon their personal convictions, and giving the government an opportunity to get some much needed work done at a minimum cost. What the gun and sword were to the soldier, the pick and shovel were to the conscientious objector. Instead of the sound of a bugle, a bell was used to awaken the assignee to the new day's task. Before the selective service system granted permission for the opening of a CPS camp, certain requirements or req uisites were necessary. After a proposed camp site had met


Background and aims The aim of the present study was to compare 1.3% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) in MTAD (mixture of tetracycline isomer, acid, and detergent) for the removal of the smear layer and induction of canal erosion. Materials and methods 38 maxillary incisors were divided in three experimental groups of 10 and two positive and negative control groups of each 4 teeth, and prepared using rotary files. In test groups, 1.3% NaOCl was used for 5, 10 and 20 minutes during preparation followed by MTAD as the final rinse. In negative control group, 5.25% NaOCl was used for 10 minutes followed by 17% Ethylenediamine Tetra-Acetic Acid (EDTA) as the final rinse. In positive control group, dis-tilled water was used for 10 minutes during preparation and then as the final rinse. The samples were examined under scan-ning electron microscope, and the smear layer and dentinal erosion scores were recorded. Results Five and 10 min groups had significant differences with 20 min group (p < 0.05). In apical third, 5 and 10 min groups had also significant differences with 20 min (p < 0.05). In the coronal thirds, when the time of irrigation with 1.3% NaOCl increased from 5 min to 20 min, erosion also increased significantly. However, 5 and 10 min groups had no signifi-cant differences with negative control group. Conclusion The use of 1.3% sodium hypochlorite for 5 and 10 minutes in the MTAD protocol removes the smear layer in the coronal and middle thirds but does not induce erosion.


Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) is a business-driven IT architecture that is based on services (repeatable business tasks). The move to SOA is performed evolutionarily in most companies and public organizations. Therefore, identifying and leveraging software assets from existing applications or packageshas become a key task in SOA design. This paper summarizes major practical requirements from SOA projects and provides an overview of methodimperatives that address the requirements. Tool functions that support these imperatives conclude this overview


Biochemical characteristics, SDS-PAGE analysis of whole cell proteins and maximum growth temperature were used for phenotypic characterization of the three DNA hybridization groups (HG 1, HG 2 and HG 3) of the Aeromonas hydrophila complex (96 strains). DNA-DNA hybridization was made with 22 strains using both 32P- and digoxigenin-labelled probes. The strains originated from raw foods of animal origin, drinking water, fresh water, diseased fish and clinical material. The biochemical tests which were shown to be of value in the separation of the three hybridization groups (HG) were DL-lactate and urocanic acid utilization and acid production from D-sorbitol and from D-rhamnose. A new marker, the maximum growth temperature determined with a temperature-gradient incubator, was shown to separate HG 1 from HG 2 and HG 3. The mean maximum growth temperature (Tmax) of confirmed and putative HG 1 strains was significantly higher (41.1 ±0.56°C;P )than that of HG 2 (38.2 ± 0.79°C) or HG 3 (38.6 ± 0.75°C) strains. The lower Tmax of HG 2 and HG 3 may explain why the results of biochemical tests may differ if incubation temperatures of 30° or 37°C are used. The SDS-PAGE protein pattern analysis indicated that the strains of HG 3 have a band of variable molecular weight of 24, 25 or 26 kDa not possessed by strains of HG 1 and HG 2. HG 2 strains had two weak bands of molecular weight 24 and 25 kDa. HG 1 organisms were isolated from ground beef, chicken and clinical material but not from fresh water or drinking water. HG 2 and HG 3 organisms were isolated from foods of animal origin and from the water samples.


PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to reveal the transient thermo-elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication mechanism of a bidirectional thrust bearing in a pumped-storage unit, and to propose the transient simulation method of two-way fluid-solid-thermal interaction of thrust bearing.Design/methodology/approachThe transient fluid-solid-thermal interaction method is used to simulate the three-dimensional lubrication of the thrust bearing, during the start-up and shutdown process of a pumped storage unit. A pad including an oil hole is modelled to analyze the temporal variation of lubrication characteristics, such as the film pressure, thickness and temperature, during the transient operation process.FindingsThe injection of the high-pressure oil sufficiently affects the lubrication characteristics on film, in which the hysteresis phenomena were found between the start-up and shutdown possess.Originality/valueThis paper reveals the transient lubrication mechanism of tilting pad in a thrust bearing, by means of transient fluid-solid-thermal interaction method. Lubrication characteristics are simulated without assuming the temperature relationship between the oil film inlet and the outlet and the heat transfer on the pad free surface. This paper provides a theoretical basis for the safe design and stable operation of thrust bearings.


In this article,wedetermineauthors'collaborationinTheInternationalJournalofNonlinearAnalysisandApplications (IJNAA) for the period of 2010 to 2018. The findings of this survey has shown that a total of 295 articles by 624 people were published. The average number of authors per article was 2.1. The result also denotes that according to affiliation and country, Iran, with 304 articles, ranks first amongst other countries that have papers published in IJNAA followed by India and Morocco with 66 and 45 articles respectively, in following rankings for publishing articles in IJNAA. Findings showed that only 71 articles has single author (from total of 295 articles). The average collaboration coefficient amongst authors of IJNAA is 0.4, which is considered acceptable.


Barbados is a prototype of a persistent programming system which follows the architecture of the container based model, in contrast to the orthogonal model of persistence. Barbados is also a programming environment, providing the programmer with a C++ compiler, an editor and a debugger, integrated in the same environment. This combination of an integrated persistent environment and a C++ compiler which produces native Intel machine code, instead of the typical virtual machine interpreter found in many persistent systems, has been chosen because of its usefulness and efficiency, although we had no opportunity, until now, to test those capabilities due to the development effort. In this article, we explain the first real tests we have done to Barbados, which although they aren't complete, allow us to extract important conclusions. We try to demonstrate with this tests that Barbados is as efficient as we have been claiming.


Social security appeal tribunals are set to be at the heart of reforms affecting most types of appeals from April 2006. This article takes a hard look at tribunals, chairs and members in a region of the UK, identifying some problems, while also appreciating good and best practice in many other cases. It suggests that there is no room for complacency about the way tribunals work in practice. The article also looks at the role of representatives and wider issues in a time of major change.


Theoretical computer calculations, based in part on measurements of 'young' stars obtained with an orbiting telescope, may require a reexamination of some of the basic ideas about the composition of the earth's early atmosphere and the origin of life. According to Joel S. Levine, atmospheric geophysicist at the Langley Research Center, 'the overwhelming majority of chemical evolution experiments since the first in 1952 may have been conducted with the wrong atmospheric mixture.'

Astronomical measurements indicate that considerably more ultraviolet (UV) radiation may have been emitted by the young sun in comparison to that emitted by the present sun. Therefore, high levels of such radiation from the young sun, potentially harmful to life, would have been striking the earth at the very time life was being formed.

Recent photochemical calculations by Levine and others at Langley state that at the time complex organic molecules (the precursors of living systems) were first formed from atmospheric gases the earth's atmosphere was not composed primarily of methane, ammonia, and hydrogen, as was previously supposed; instead, it was composed of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and water vapor, all resulting from volcanic activity. The calculations indicate that both methane and ammonia were extremely short-lived and that such an atmosphere was photochemically unstable if it existed at all.


The critical micelle concentrations(cmc,1×10-4 mol/L) and the surface tension(γcmc,mN/m) of poly-alkylbenzene sulfonates synthesized in the laboratory were measured at 25 ℃.The cmc and γcmc values were(C12-5S) 3.889,32.69;(C14-3S) 1.000,31.40;(C14-5S) 1.173,30.21;(C14-7S) 3.720,28.55;(C16-5S) 1.016,29.96,respectively.The adsorption capacity Γmax,the saturated adsor-ption area Am,and the surfactant concentration needed in order to reduce surface tension by 20 mN/m(pc20) were calculated according to Gibbs adsorption equation.Their characteristics were explained based on molecular structure.


Objective: To develop an analytical method for determination of 7 PCBs in human serum.Methods: With acetone-hexane(1+2,V/V) as the extraction solution,the samples were extracted by means of high-speed homogenization.And the crude extract was purified by GPC extraction column to remove most blood sugar and protein in samples.The 7 PCBs were separated by VF-5(30 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm)column and the background interference brought about by the complex matrix in samples was effectively reduced.The PCBs were qualitatively and quantitatively determined under multi-reaction monitoring(MRM) scan type with tandem mass analyzer.Results:The method could be used to determine the PCBs residue in sample with fine linear relationship(r0.999).The limits of detection(LOD) were 0.5 μg/kg~1.0 μg/kg.At the spiked levels of 5.0,10.0 and 20.0 μg/kg,the mean recoveries were in the range of 87.6% to 101%,and the relative standard deviations(RSDs) were in the range of 2.5% to 10.3%(n=6).Conclusion:Experiments showed that the method was rapid,accurate and highly senstive,which can be used for the detemination of PCBs residues in human serum.


In all the kinds of algorithms of system identification,the maximum likehood method is applied universally.It is restrained if the probability density function of output is unknown.At present,there are many recursive algorithms which are based on the maximum likehood method.The recursive maximum likehood method simplified by gradient method is put forward in the paper,and is proved feasible by the simulation results.


Abstract: Corrosion of metallic biomaterials leads to a loss of their structural integrity and surface function. Because some dissolved metal ions cause allergic response and carcinogenesis, such dissolution must be within acceptable levels. moreover, corrosion accelerates the fatigue, fretting fatigue and wear which may give rise to the deformation or the fracture of metals. therefore, the understanding and accurate evaluation of corrosion behaviour are important to secure the reliability of metallic biomaterials. Corrosion behaviour depends on the sort of metals, the design of devices and the chemical and mechanical environment inside the body. then, the condition and method of corrosion tests should be decided, depending on the sort of metals, the environment inside the body and the purpose of the test. this chapter therefore describes the methods for corrosion testing and their electrochemical background. Additionally, the characteristic corrosion factors inside the living body are discussed.


Certain phenomena of the Seward Ice Field and the Malspina Glacier as observed in the summer of 1948 are interpreted in the light of glaciologic literature.

Inferences on glacier regimen are drawn from accumulation and ablation measurements. The efficacy of the ablation factors is discussed and analogies are deduced by comparing ablation and meteorological data with those collected by Scandinavian glaciologists on the Vatnajokull,
Iceland. The meteorological factors play an overwhelmingly important part in ablation on the ma1uspina Glacier and probably retain their advantage over radiation at a higher elevation on the Seward Ice Field.

Distinctions are made between indirect, internal, net end gross ablation. The formation of a glacier water table, and the incidence and dissipation of the winter cold wave on the Seward are discussed.

Two contrasting types of differential melt-depressions were noted on the Seward, inclined underwater ice wells and vertical wells not under water. Previous theories of ice- well formation are critically analyzed. The deepening of the ice wells beyond the depth at which the depression is shaded from the sun is believed to be produced by diffuse radiation, with reflected direct radiation playing a minor role. Experiments with artificial ice blocks attest to the
importance of vertical gravity settling of debris in ice wells and fail to account for the inclination of the underwater ice wells.

Melt-water movement studies were undertaken during a period in July and August. The quantities of melt-water percolating through the firn were measured at various depths and are compared to the ablation record, the meteorological record, and to the time of day in this paper. There is little correlation between the daily melt-water record and the daily sunshine and ablation records. Air temperature is the most significant index of melt-water production. However, the average maximum temperature was reached between 11 and 12 A.M and the average hourly maximum melt-water collected was recorded between 5 and 6 P.M. The fact that the upper firm layers produced less water than deeper firn layers is evidently due to the greater capillary flow and less concentration of melt-water in the upper firn.


This article discusses the ways of improvement of professional skills in the oil and gas industry, methods of measuring productivity, such as natural, labor and cost.


This paper stipulates a research on the challenges that national governments face in their public referendum campaigns about European integration. Over the last 50 years, more than 40 referendums have been organized about the EU mainly dealing with treaty ratification, accession or specific issues for example the adoption of the Euro. This paper seems to clarify the thesis that the relationship between the government and the people has been shaped by its government's publicity policy in order to explain their impact on democratic legitimacy. Further it questions whether this democratic relationship has been eroded and whether the central campaigns are able to change this relationship, either in a positive or negative way for the state of democracy are subject of scrutiny. Main starting point of the research is that public information campaigns about EU referenda have a delegitimizing effect on the state of democracy. The paper aims to contribute to the debate about the perceived legitimacy gap between formal legitimacy and 'social legitimacy' in contemporary Europe. The paper does explicitly not continue the discussion about the (non-)existence of a European democratic deficit, demos, public sphere or gap between citizen and politics. Its object is rather to add a more fundamental focus: whether the government and the people are able to understand each other and thereby contribute to the legitimacy of democracies. A case study on Irish EU referendums on campaigns on the Nice and Lisbon Treaty forms a suitable comparative instrument to measure this communicative-democratic hypothesis.


A face retrieval approach is proposed based on the re-sampling of interested region to deal with the problem that the distinguish ability of detection and retrieval is different for different parts of face.The approach inherits the advantage that the feature extraction after blocking the image can remain local information,and just re-samples important parts of human face by moving the sampling block in a certain sampling step.Thus important regions are sampled densely and meanwhile the blocks are overlapped in a specified distance.The approach not only avoids losing the judgment of improper classification in important regions caused by the uniform block,but also reduces complexity and enhances the anti-interference ability.The approach realizes the weighting of important region in face retrieval,and its performance is dramatically enhanced under the circumstance of little increase of computational complexity,compared with the existing uniformed blocking method.A large number of comparative experiments verify the conclusion.


W. EDGAR was lately Deputy Medical Officer of Health in Bradford. He is now Medical Officer of Health in Northampton. Only in the past ten years has large scale Asian immigration taken place into this country. The arrival of large numbers of immigrants has, in certain parts of the country, not only aggravated existing problems such as housing, but has created new ones.* Particularly is this so where the immigrants come from a great distance, have different codes of behaviour and standards of living, and are for the most part illiterate and unable to speak English. Some of these new problems concern the health both of the immigrants and of the local population. A brief reference to the outbreaks of smallpox in this country early in 1962 serves to illustrate the dangers attendant upon the arrival of large numbers of immigrants without adequate medical control and the necessity for central and local authorities to be constantly on watch. Other health problems, though not so dramatic, are nonetheless


A novel alkali-alkaline earth borate K2O•CaO•4B2O3•12H2O:Sm3+ has been synthesized by facile industrialization and pollution-free water solution method .The samples were characterized by chemical analysis, FT-IR spectra, X-ray powder diffraction and SEM, fluorescence spectrum. It is found the product owns rhombic group space, about 3mm long. Under 828 nm excitation, the fluorescence spectrum is indicated that the host material K2O•CaO•4B2O3•12H2O has properties of infrared-visible up-conversion,and it appears orange. Adding Sm 3+ makes emission spectrum stronger.


We introduce a semi-supervised pattern classification approach based on the optimum-path forest (OPF) methodology. The method transforms the training set into a graph, finds prototypes in all classes among labeled training nodes, as in the original supervised OPF training, and propagates the class of each prototype to its most closely connected samples among the remaining labeled and unlabeled nodes of the graph. The classifier is an optimum-path forest rooted at those prototypes and the class of a new sample is determined, in an incremental way, as the class of its most closely connected prototype. We compare it with the supervised version using different learning strategies and an efficient method, Transductive Support Vector Machines (TSVM), on several datasets. Experimental results show the semi-supervised approach advantages in accuracy with statistical significance over the supervised method and TSVM. We also show the gain in accuracy of semi-supervised approach when more representative samples are selected for the training set.


Anastrozole is a new oral aromatase inhibitor with highly potent and selective activity for the aromatase enzyme. In a Phase III trial, the efficacy and tolerability of anastrozole, given in doses of 1 and 10 mg orally once daily, and megestrol acetate, given in doses of 40 mg orally 4 times daily, were compared in 386 postmenopausal women with advanced breast carcinoma who progressed after tamoxifen therapy.


The effect of H2SO4 concentration and reaction time on the xylose yield and the selectivity of hemicellulose hydrolysis in corn stover under 121 ℃ was studied by response surface methodology.Two second-order model equations for H2SO4 concentration and reaction time on the xylose yield and the selectivity were built.Based on the two models and statistics software,the hydrolysis conditions were defined for attaining the following criteria:xylose yield750/0 and electivity4.0 g·g-1.Thus,a point corresponding to 2.00/0 of acid concentration and 43 min reaction time was assigned as an optimum hydrolysis condition.Hydrolysis runs were conducted under the optimum condition and the results show that the models fit well the experimental data and thus describe well the region studied.


Chess teaching is being introduced in primary schools in the European Union following a 2012 European Parliament recommendation. The author had the experience of introducing chess to pupils in the first class of primary school. She set up an innovative scheme that introduces learners to chess while taking into account the disciplines provided for in the official instructions for this educational stage.In the first part of this article, the "General Curriculum Framework for the Primary School" is related to chess teaching. The author proves that much of the curriculum can be achieved through chess in a lively and diversified way. This approach makes it possible to introduce the general public to chess and, at the same time, to prepare interested and/or gifted individuals for further training. The first class of the primary school is a space of holistic development of the child and cross-curricular teaching can use chess as a canvas.The second part of the article presents the above thesis in light of French legislation. The comparison of the organisation of the teaching provided in the Polish and French school systems allows for determining the hourly volume of a chess project if it were to be conducted in both countries simultaneously. Moreover, the analysis of the French "Programmes d'enseignement" shows many similarities with the Polish guidelines. The specificities of the basic learning cycle are scrutinised and, for the second time, it is shown that chess contributes to the development of most of the competencies specified by the legislator. The author illustrates how to adapt chess lessons to achieve objectives in mathematics, languages, physical and artistic education as well as in the social and technical fields.The article is addressed to all those for whom the harmonious education of 7-year-olds is as dear as the appropriate teaching of chess. It is an invitation to consider chess as a unifying element, opening to the Other.


the treatment that should be carried out in those cases in which a chance of improving those prospects was offered. In conclusion he would emphasize three points: (1) The possibility of the responsibity of the husband must always be borne in mind. (2) It was unwise to promise a successful issue as the result of treatment; for though they might secure correct anatomical conditions, they could not. control their physiological working. (3) The idea that every sterile woman should be curetted ought to be discouraged. In fact, no operation on a woman should be undertaken unless they were reasonably satisfied that her husband was all right.


In the storage ring and the transfer line of the Elettra synchrotron radiation facility the total pressure measurements are not only performed by cold cathode gauges which, however, suffer from known start up problems, but also by utilising the electrical discharges of sputter ion pumps (SIPs). The throughput Q of a SIP is proportional to the ion current I and the real current is considered constant at each applied voltage. In this case the current I [A] absorbed in the pump is proportional to the pressure P [mbar] , I = K P", where K and n are constants depending on the nominal pumping speed and have to be specified for each applied voltage. The system developed in our laboratory allows to supply up to 8 SIPs using one power supply. The absorbed current for each pump can be measured and an automatic current to pressure conversion made. This system was calibrated in the UHV pressure range €or 45, 120, 400 and 900 l/s SIP'S, and was succesfully tested during the commissioning of Elettra. 1. SPUTTER-ION PUMP DESIGN The sputter ion pumps are designed such that an electrical discharge occurs between the anode and the cathode at a potential of several thousands of volts in a magnetic field of a few thousand gauss. According to the standard theory of ion pumps the throughput Q is proportional to the ion current I Q=kI


In 2003, the Texas State Legislature enacted the Texas Success Initiative (TSI). The Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board (THECB) coordinates the implementation of this mandate at both universities and community colleges across the state. Upon entering a postsecondary institution, non-exempt students are tested using the TSI Assessment (TSIA2), a 2021 revision of the initial TSI Assessment. A student's scores are used to assist Texas public institutions of higher education in determining if students are prepared for introductory college coursework in the areas of English Language Arts and Reading (ELAR) and mathematics. Students can be exempted from the TSIA2 if they meet college readiness standards on the SAT, ACT, or endof- course examinations in math and language arts or successfully complete a Texas high school college preparatory course, which is available to all students enrolled in a public Texas high school.


Objective: To describe the use of the saline load test (SLT) using a new definition that more adequately characterizes its use in the emergency department (ED) setting. Design: Retrospective review. Setting: Level I trauma center. Patients/Participants: Fifty consecutive patients who underwent an SLT of the knee in the ED and had a minimum of 14 days follow-up. Intervention: Saline Load Test. Main Outcome Measurements: Positive traumatic arthrotomy of the knee (+TAK) defined as operating room (OR) confirmation of an arthrotomy (assumed to develop a septic knee) or −SLT with follow-up revealing a septic knee. Periarticular wound equivalent to no traumatic arthrotomy of the knee [pw = (−TAK)] defined as OR evaluation revealing no arthrotomy (assumed not to develop a septic knee) or −SLT whose follow-up revealed no septic knee. Development of a septic knee was considered the gold standard for determining true positives/negatives and false positives/negatives. Results: The mean wound size was 3.9 ± 4.3 cm and the mean saline load volume was 74.9 ± 28.2 cm. There were 19 +SLTs of which there were 16 +TAK and 3 pw = (−TAK). The 3 pw = (−TAK) in the +SLT group were evaluated in the OR where inspection of the joint capsule revealed the absence of a traumatic arthrotomy. There were 31 −SLTs of which there were 1 +TAK and 30 pw = (−TAK). The SLT has a sensitivity of 94% and a specificity of 91% for detecting +TAKs and ruling out periarticular wounds not requiring surgical intervention [pw = (−TAK)]. The false-positive rate of the SLT to detect +TAK is 9%. Conclusions: Using +TAK and pw = (−TAK) as the newly defined measures of the SLT, we report the sensitivity (94%) and specificity (91%) of the SLT in the ED setting while still maintaining the clinical relevancy of the test. Based on a small sample size, knees with small periarticular wounds and a −SLT and no other radiographic or clinical evidence of an arthrotomy appear to have an infection rate of 0% with nonoperative management. Level of Evidence: Diagnostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.