—At present, the development of green accounting in enterprises of China is still in a positive exploration stage, it is urgent to speed up the construction of a green accounting theory system and development model suitable for China's actual conditions. The results of the evaluation of the current situation of green accounting development of China show that there are some problems in the development of green accounting in China, such as theoretical research, system construction, personnel training, information system, etc., which can be improved from the aspects of promoting the vigorous development of green accounting, laying the foundation for the development of green accounting and block chain supporting information system, etc., which will provide references for the implementation of green accounting in China in new era.


The dataset concerns the deliberate practices of new venture founders in Norway, as well as a self-evaluation of their expertise in key aspects of entrepreneurship. The methodology used was survey research, and the data were collected through an on-line questionnaire. The founders were randomly selected from the population of limited-liability firms in Norway, established in the period of 2018-01-01 and 2018-12-31.


Antonio D. Tillis. Manuei Zapata OUvella and the "Darkening" of Latin American Literature. Columbia, MO: U of Missouri P, 2005. 168pp. Professor Antonio D. Tillis has written a welcome addition to the growing body of analysis related to Afro-Latinos and their relationship to Africa and its Diaspora. Manuei Zapata OUvella and the "Darkening" of Latin American Literature (2005)is the first book-length study emanating from the new Afro-Romance series of the University of Missouri Press. It is also part of an increasing number of manuscripts to appear over the last three decades and related to the Afro-Colombian writer and thinker. In mostly chronological order of Zapata Olivella's writings, the critic sets out to detail Zapata's literary outpouring. Tillis's primary aim is to show how Zapata conscientiously contributed to the "darkening" of Latin American literature by focusing a great deal on the plight of the poor and the dispossessed who are often of African descent. Tillis succeeds in his efforts largely through a re-examination of some key subject categories that are now familiar to Zapata's readers. However, perhaps Tillis's most original contribution lies in his assertion that the travel narrative He visto Ia noche and the autobiographical iLevantate mulato! are both fictionalized works, whose primary voices are those of protagonists rather than the author himself. Such works grouped together can form the basis of future studies by Tillis or by others following his lead, and many of Zapata's admirers would welcome such an exploration. A critique of Tillis's work is an examination, not only into one young scholar's research, but also an examination into the stages of a scholar's career. That is, early in one's career, the influences of one's mentors are readily obvious. Later a scholar comes more and more into his or her own, so that early mentors retreat into the background of one's scholarship, and intellectual disagreements may surface. In this light, Tillis gratefully acknowledges his influences as a younger scholar seeking his own voice. Acknowledgments, however, sometimes can be problematic as it is possible to attribute the basis of ideas to more than one critic. Such is the case with the tracing of the foundation of Zapata's later works as found in He visto la noche. Long before the scholarly sources that Tillis cites, other critics were examining in detail the trajectory that led specifically to Cnango and generally to all works of fiction after Chambacu, corral de negros. Nevertheless, it is also possible to witness the independent scholar breaking away and providing more of his own voice. For example, he readily takes issue with one critic's idea that the novel Chango, is a plotless tale, an iterative account of a people's plight. What remains admirable is Tillis's commitment to shared knowledge in his zeal to bring greater recognition to the great AfroColombian writer. …


We study the interaction between government debt and monetary policy in a dynamic stochastic equilibrium model in which the government may default. The central bank has a low inflation mandate and the government normally follows (but may deviate from) a fiscal rule that ensures solvency conditional on low inflation. The government may confront the central bank with a choice between increasing seigniorage or letting the government default (fiscal challenge to monetary dominance). We show that a central bank that is more willing to provide a monetary backstop to the government debt may reduce the government's incentives to challenge monetary dominance, and thus lower the risk of inflation in equilibrium. This is less likely to be true in a currency union where countries can externalize the cost of seigniorage to other members.


A critical re-reading of the production of funcionalist sociology based upon youth, reveals conceptions founded on the idea of «normality», understood as the calm adjustment between the youthful condition and the social structure. «Abnormality» is interpreted as «dysfunctional», originated from the pernicious influence of «occult tradition» on youth: bohemian, delinquency and radicalism. In the 60's this interpretation is re-considered, and has a much more generous vision on the youthful revolts which allows to see this as a possibility of reformation and revolution of the societies in crisis. As the 70's, an important tendency was to conceive youth more as a «life style» than a stage of the course of life, and the behaviors in conflict with the hegemonic social values, more like «youthful cultures» than revolts. Apparently, the explanatory classic models of the revolt of youth would have been surpassed. Nevertheless, diverse movements carried out by young people recently seem to demand that these models have supposedly been surpassed.


The protonic conductivity in the hydrogen-bonded chains is investigated theoretically in the framework of the two-stage transport model. The strong interactions with optical phonon stretching mode are considered. We obtain the phonon-induced transition from the insulator to the metal-type behavior from the temperature dependencies of the hopping conductivity and analyze the influence of the specific Grotthuss mechanism on the transition character. We investigate also the main peculiarities in the frequency dependencies of the band and hopping conductivity parts which appear due to above-mentioned two-stage mechanism of the proton migration along the chain.


The article is devoted to the problem of updating the motivation policy with regard to the teaching staff of national higher school. The author considers historically existing in our country approaches to the organization of basic and additional wages of teachers, their social support, moral motivation. The article substantiates the need to change these approaches and formulates priorities in this sphere.


Abstract This article examines the role of documents, their circulation, and their archivization in the enactment of the imperial constitution of the British Empire in the Atlantic world during the long eighteenth century. It focuses on the Board of Trade's dispatch of "Instructions" and "Queries" to governors in the American colonies, arguing that it was through the circulation of these documents and the use of archives that the board sought to enforce constitutional norms of bureaucratic conduct and the authority of central institutions of imperial administration. In the absence of a singular, codified written constitution, the British state relied upon a variety of different kinds of documents to forge the imperial Atlantic into a governed space. The article concludes by pointing to the continuing centrality of documents and archives to the bureaucratic manifestation of the imperial constitution in the immediate aftermath of the American Revolution.


Workers in female-dominated occupations earn less, on average, than workers in comparable male-dominated occupations. To explain the gendered occupational wage disparity, com pensating differentials theory focuses on women's preferences and asserts that women cluster in occupations that pay less in exchange for family-friendly job amenities. On the other hand, the devaluation perspective argues these wage discrepancies are the result of the cultural devaluation of women's work that leads to both lower wages and a lower likelihood of having job amenities. Using data from the 2017–2018 American Time Use Survey Leave Module, I examine whether workers in female-dominated occupations are indeed more likely to have access to family-friendly job amenities. I focus on workers' access to three contemporary family-friendly job amenities: paid leave, remote work, and flexible scheduling. I find that workers in female-dominated jobs are no more likely to have access to family-friendly job amenities than workers in male-dominated jobs. Additionally, family-friendly job amenities are associated with higher wages, not the lower wages as compensating differentials posits. These findings suggest that compensating differentials theory cannot explain the clustering of women in lower-paying occupations.


The invention relates to a method for automatically collecting defect data of a subway tunnel. The method comprises the following steps of 1) mounting a main controller, a camera, a distance measurer and an encoder on a collection vehicle; 2) controlling the collection vehicle to drive at a certain speed for a set distance for distance measurement by the main controller, measuring a current installation coordinate position of the distance measurer, and storing distance measurement data; 3) calculating a shooting distance interval of the camera according to the current installation coordinate position; 4) controlling the camera to carry out image collection according to the shooting distance interval obtained by the step 3) through calculation by the main controller, and storing an image; and simultaneously controlling the encoder to store shooting position, shooting time and shooting quantity; 5) repeating the step 2) to the step 4) until the collection is finished; and 6) after the collection is finished, transmitting the stored image to a computer by the camera. Compared with the prior art, the method provided by the invention has the advantages of rapidly and accurately collecting the defect data, improving defect detecting efficiency and the like.


Self-assembling robotic systems are a class of modular robotic systems composed of many identical modules that, when mixed randomly, can bind together to assemble into complex shapes [1, 2, 5, 6, 14]. Modules in these systems have dynamic state and local binding rules that drive the overall self-assembly process. A key question is how to generate module rules such that the system assembles to form a particular prespecified global shape. Recently, several groups have demonstrated decentralized, local agent rules for shape formation, not only in the context of self-assembly but also for self-reconfigurable robots and collective construction by mobile robots [3, 4, 7–11]. An important feature of these particular examples is that they achieve globalto-local programming: there is a principled way to derive local rules to achieve a prespecified global shape from a given class. In some cases, it has also been shown that the derived local rules are provably correct regardless of variations in the order and timing of agent movements and actions. It may be possible to apply many of these algorithmic approaches in the context of self-assembling modular robots. However, it is often difficult to understand and compare the theoretical properties of these global-to-local compilers because of the different settings—both the assumptions about agents (shape, computation and communication capability, self-propelling or not, homogeneous or bipartite, physical movement constraints, etc.) and the global shape descriptions can differ significantly between frameworks. For example, the MakeGraphGrammar algorithm by Klavins et al. [7] operates on homogeneous point agents that are randomly mixed, and generates agent rules that provably will terminate only at the completion of arbitrary desired topological graphs. By contrast, the family of CollectiveConstruction algorithms by Werfel et al. [11, 13] operates on bipartite agents (self-propelled robots and passive square blocks) with potentially restrictive movement assumptions, and provably produces arbitrary desired geometric structures in 2D without holes. Given such different settings, it is often difficult to see whether these algorithms can solve the same problems, and if so how they would compare in measures such as complexity, correctness, and parallelism. In this workshop talk, we will present some initial steps toward comparing the theoretical properties of different global-to-local programming approaches in the context of self-assembling robotic systems. We do so by adapting the approaches to work in a common and generic framework. We will present three aspects of this problem:


We develop an analogue of the Birman exact sequence for the Torelli subgroup of AutpFnq. This builds on earlier work of the authors who studied an analogue of the Birman exact sequence for the entire group AutpFnq. These results play an important role in the authors' recent work on the second homology group of the Torelli group.


The biologically potent compound MNNG* has been very widely used as a mutagen since the discovery of its mutagenicity for bacteria (Mandell & Greenberg, 1960), and more recently ithas been show-n to be a very active carcinogen (Schoental, 1966; Sugimura, Nagao & Okada, 1966; Druckrey et al. 1966). Very recently, much interest has arisen * Abbreviation: MNNG, N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. in the chemical nature of the reactions that account for these biological effects, in particular its reactions with nucleic acids (Chandra, Wacker, Siissmuth & Lingens, 1967; Singer & Fraenkel-Conrat, 1967), but no definite chemical evidence for a particular reaction product seems to have been published. The present communication gives evidence for the methylation of guanine of DNA by MNNG. As preliminary experiments showed that the


When one approximates elliptic equations by the spectral collocation method on the Chebyshev-Gauss-Lobatto (CGL) grid, the resulting coefficient matrix is dense and ill-conditioned. It is known that a good preconditioner, in the sense that the preconditioned system becomes well conditioned, can be constructed with finite difference on the CGL grid. However, there is a lack of an efficient solver for this preconditioner in multi-dimension. A modified preconditioner based on the approximate inverse technique is constructed in this paper. The computational cost of each iteration in solving the preconditioned system is O(lNxNy logNx), where Nx, Ny are the grid sizes in each direction and l is a small integer. Numerical examples are given to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed preconditioner.


The article provides a review of American and European research on education efficiency conducted over the last decades. Special attention is given to the effect of the school, of the teacher, and of the student, on education. Possible reasons for the crisis of the modern secondary school are discussed.


The shaftless drive technology has been widely applied on gravure printing. In this paper, the gravure printer registration system′s multi-motor synchronization problem is regarded as the research object. For the purpose of research of multi-motor synchronization control,the algorithm of Fuzzy-PID synchronization based on compensation principle is adopted and the Master-slave synchronization system based on SIEMENS S7-300 PLC was designed. The simulation results indicate that the proposed method has stong noise immunity and robustness and the rapidity is good and dynamical synchronous error is low.So this control method can satisfy the demands of the controlled sub- ject for the high precision applicatios.


Commentary to: Transient Exposure of Mammary Tumors to PD184352 and UCN-01 Causes Tumor Cell Death In Vivo and Prolonged Suppression of Tumor Re-Growth William Hawkins, Clint Mitchell, Robert McKinstry, Donna Gilfor, James Starkey, Yun Dai, Kathy Dawson, Viswanathan Ramakrishnan, John D. Roberts, Adly Yacoub, Steven Grant and Paul Dent


This paper proposes a robust $\boldsymbol{H}_{\infty}$ dynamics controller for the all-wheel independent steer vehicle. The uncertainties generated by varying parameters such as the mass and moment of inertia are considered. In addition, the time delay of the electric vehicle would degenerate the performance of the system. Therefore, a robust $\boldsymbol{H}_{\infty}$ dynamics controller is designed with the consideration of the time delay in the system. Norm-bounded method is used to describe the uncertainties in the system. Finally, two cases of simulation are conducted to carry out the performance of the proposed controller.


Introduction. Various interventions, both psychological and pharmacological, have been studied for their efficacy in preventing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following trauma exposure. However, the preventive effect of pharmacotherapy has not been systematically assessed. Methodology. A systematic review of all clinical trials of drug therapy to prevent PTSD, available through the PubMed and EMBASE databases, was conducted. This included an assessment of each study's quality. Results. A total of 13 studies were reviewed. The drugs examined in these papers included propranolol, hydrocortisone, serotonin reuptake inhibitors, gabapentin, omega-3 fatty acids, and benzodiazepines. There was marked heterogeneity across studies in terms of quality, study populations, and methodology. Analysis of the outcomes revealed preliminary evidence for the efficacy of hydrocortisone, particularly in critical care settings. There was no consistent evidence to support the use of other drugs to prevent PTSD. Discussion. There may be a limited role for hydrocortisone in preventing the development of PTSD in specific settings. Results with other drugs are inconsistent. Further large-scale studies should assess the efficacy of these approaches in other contexts, such as natural disasters, and the time frame within which they should be used.


The fuzzy analytical network process (FANP) is introduced as a potential multi-criteria-decision-making (MCDM) method to improve digital marketing management endeavors. Today's information overload makes digital marketing optimization, which is needed to continuously improve one's business, increasingly difficult. The proposed FANP framework is a method for enhancing the interaction between customers and marketers (i.e., involved stakeholders) and thus for reducing the challenges of big data. The presented implementation takes realities' fuzziness into account to manage the constant interaction and continuous development of communication between marketers and customers on the Web. Using this FANP framework, the marketers are able to increasingly meet the varying requirements of their customers. To improve the understanding of the implementation, advanced visualization methods (e.g., wireframes) are used.


A high-linearity AlGaAs/GaAs power heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) is developed for personal digital cellular phones. For compact chip layout, thermal design was considered. To improve power performance, proton implantation, optimum alloy condition for collector electrodes, and multiple via holes were used. A 2400-/spl mu/m/sup 2/-emitter-area HBT fabricated on a 0.5/spl times/0.67 mm/sup 2/ substrate exhibits adjacent channel leakage powers below -53 dBc for 0.95- and 1.5-GHz /spl pi//4-shifted QPSK modulated input signals at a low collector-emitter voltage of 3.4 V. The HBT produces a 31.7-dBm output power, 50% power-added efficiency, and 15-dB linear power gain at 0.95 GHz, and produced a 31.3-dBm output power, 52% power-added efficiency, and 11.5-dB linear power gain at 1.5 GHz. These results were achieved on about one-fifth of the substrate area of conventional GaAs FETs.


Temperature coefficients (Δδ/ΔT) of amide chemical shifts of N‐acetylglucosamine residues have been measured in a range of oligosaccharides of the important vertebrate polysaccharide hyaluronan. Odd‐ and even‐numbered oligosaccharides with glucuronic acid, Δ‐4,5‐unsaturated glucuronic acid and N‐acetylglucosamine at the termini were investigated. All amide proton temperature coefficients were only slightly less negative (−6.9 to − 9.1 ppb/ °C) than those of amide protons in free exchange with water (≈− 11 ppb/ °C), indicating an absence of persistent intramolecular hydrogen bonds. With the exception of amide groups in reducing‐terminal N‐acetylglucosamine rings, all amide proton environments have the same temperature coefficient (−6.9 ppb/ °C), irrespective of differences in amide group chemical shifts and 3JHH coupling constants, i.e. they do not sense subtle differences in orientation of the amide group. Amide nitrogen temperature coefficients report the same phenomena but with greater sensitivity. These data provide a set of reference values for temperature coefficients measured in other carbohydrates with acetamido sugars. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Given a rigid C*-tensor category C with simple unit and a probability measure $\mu$ on the set of isomorphism classes of its simple objects, we define the Poisson boundary of $(C,\mu)$. This is a new C*-tensor category P, generally with nonsimple unit, together with a unitary tensor functor $\Pi: C \to P$. Our main result is that if P has simple unit (which is a condition on some classical random walk), then $\Pi$ is a universal unitary tensor functor defining the amenable dimension function on C. Corollaries of this theorem unify various results in the literature on amenability of C*-tensor categories, quantum groups, and subfactors.


The National Household Health Survey (1995) reported that the prevalence of upper respiratory infection (URI) in Indonesia was found 25.3% for all ages and 47.1% for the under five children. Reports of studies on the effect of zinc in the reduction of respiratory infection stated inconsistentresults. The objective of this community base study is to evaluate the effect of zinc as the attempt to reduce the incidence of URI. We have studied the effect of daily supplementation of 10 mg elemental zinc in a double blind, randomized, controlled trial consisting of 37 children (zinc group) and 36 children (control group) of 6 months - 5 years old. The distribution of preparation and monitoring of morbidity were performed regularly once a week along 2-month study period. During the 2-month study (February-April 2001) we found 24 URI cases in the zinc group and 24 cases in the control group. Time series analysis concerning the incidence and severity of the zinc group showed a negative slope (Yt: a – bx), while the placebo group showed a positive slope (Yt: a + bx). The evidence and severity of URI in zinc groups within the 1st and 2nd months showedsignificant different, while it was not in the control group. The study obviously showed the benefit of zinc supplementation in the reduction of URI as showed by negative slope in the time series analysis, and significant decreased of the incidence and the severity of URI in zinc group. There was no side effect of zinc supplemented noted. We suggest, therefore regular zinc supplementation to the diet of the children in the low economic level community are needed.


Washing machine (1) with a housing (2) with a suds container (4) arranged in the housing (2) such WHAT CAN vibrate, with a drum (3) disposed therein such that it can rotate, with an axis of rotation (6) to menosaproximadamente horizontal drivable by a motor (5) and a detection device (7) paradetectar the position and / or situation of the suds container (4) in the housing (2), including a magnetic Docampo sensor (8) with the corresponding magnet (9) which is arranged to detect flux density and ladireccion the magnetic field of the magnet (9), wherein the magnetic field sensor (8) is associated essentially fixed to the housing (2), the magnet (9) which interacts with the magnetic field sensor (8) to a holding means (14, 19) being attached, which by at least one spring (11, 11a, 13, 17) is coupled to the suds container (4), estandoconfigurado holding means (14, 19) to allow movement of the magnet (9) from the sensor (8), the spring (11, 11a, 13, 17) being arranged to transmit movement and / or position variation of lacubeta for laundry (4) to the magnet (9).


For the assessment of the retardation of fatigue crack propagation behavior due to overload, new FE analysis algorithms considering compressive residual stress redistribution near crack tip was proposed in this paper. The size of plastic zone near crack tip was obtained by elasto-plastic analysis and it was compared with Irwin's equation. The amount of residual stress redistribution was assessed by subsequent elasto-plastic analysis, and the difference of residual stress distributions between constant amplitude load and overload was obtained. In the analysis of fatigue crack propagation, the applied SIF range was evaluated by ASTM E647, and the effect of residual stresses on crack propagation was considered using the effective SIF concept. The test results of crack propagations were compared with the predicted data obtained by the analysis.


Objective: To investigate the expressions of cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) in non-small cell lung cancer and to evaluate its clinical significance. Methods:With method of immunohistochemistry, expressions of COX-2 protein and TNF-α were detected in lung cancer tissues, corresponding normal paracancerous pulmonary tissues,and metastatic lymph nodes of 42 patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Results:The positive expression rates of COX-2 and TNF-α in patients with non-small cell lung cancer were 64.3% and 78.7% respectively, which were significantly higher than those in paracancerous tissues. Patients exhibited markedly higher COX-2 expression rate in adenocarcinoma(80%) than in squamous carcinoma(50%) (χ2=4.461,P0.05) , while TNF-α expressions in adenocarcinoma and in squamous carcinoma showed no significant difference. No significant correlation was found between levels of expressions of COX-2 and TNF-α,patients' ages, differentiation grade of tumor cells, clinical stage, and lymph nodes metastasis. Conclusion:Increased expressions of COX-2 and TNF-α may play an important role in the oncogenesis and development of non-small cell lung cancer.


This study challenged how to instruct ER so as to enhance students' reading quality and elicit students' reading ability, fostered through SSR in a public junior high school, through book talk (BT) in the sociocultural context. As a consequence of six months of practice, the students' reading ability had started to show a moderate positive correlation with their reading amount. Moreover, individual reflection logs and interviews with target students across levels supported the phenomenon with evidence of teacher and student-scaffoldings. on


Early-Holocene warming in Iceland caused rapid glacial ice melt which led to exposed landscapes on which soils developed and floras quickly established. Our chironomid-based records from northern Iceland suggest temperatures were up to 2—2.5°C warmer than present throughout the first two millennia post deglaciation (~10 500 to 8500 cal. BP) while sedimentary and isotopic data indicate the development of soils within the local environment throughout this period before catchment conditions started to stabilise around 8400 cal. BP. The warming trend over this period was not uniform however, but punctuated by a series of relatively short-lived climatic events. Specifically inwash events are suggested by the δ13Corganic, %TOC and C/N data around 9600 cal. BP and 8250 cal. BP and are seen at two independent sites. There is also evidence from the δ18Ocarbonate and δ13Ccarbonate records which suggests that progressive evaporation of the study lakes occurred from ~8200 cal. BP, the timing of which accords well with other isotopic records of drier conditions from around the North Atlantic.


Objective:To study the effects of psychological interventions on the delivery for elderly parturient women.Method:Information on 56 cases of elderly parturient women were analyzed,they were divided into two groups according to the admission chronological order,each of 28 patients.The control group were given usual care,the observation group were given psychological intervention care,then the effect of clinical nursing of two groups were compared.Result:15 cases of the observation group got better nursing results,the patient recovered after treatment.Clinical symptoms of 11 cases improved,the total efficiency of nurse was 92.9%,which was higher than that of the control group(75.0%)(P0.05).Care satisfaction of the observation group was 89.3%,which was higher than that of the control group(P0.05).The cases selecting vaginal delivery of the observation group was more than that of the control group(P0.05).In the control group,there were four cases of maternal line forceps delivery,in the observation group,there was one case of maternal line of forceps delivery(P0.05).The total birth process of maternal length of the observation group was(9.3± 2.1)h,while the control group was(12.6±3.5)h(P0.05).Maternal depression score in the control group was(49.5 ± 2.4 points),anxiety score was(68.5 ± 2.4 points),higher than those of the observation group[(37.7±2.3),(40.3±2.7)].Conclusion:Psychological care is an important role in the delivery of advanced maternal age,helping mothers to shorten the length of time of delivery and improving the success rate.


of beauty. When we look at an object, the percept is emotionally processed. This leads to a positive or negative response—an involuntary, fast, and effortless process. Attributed to the visual gestalt of an object, this response becomes its beauty. We know that the object was capable of creating this response for us and that it might continue to do so in the future. We can reflect and elaborate upon this initial response, and now and then we even revise it. Those judgments of beauty have consequences. Through its immediacy, beauty becomes the starting point for inferring other attributes, such as how practical or captivating an object is—even when actual hands-on experience is missing [4]. Experiencing beauty is a powerful process, and trying to understand when and how people infer quality through a network of interconnected rules is exciting. An even more striking phenomenon is the ambivalent nature of beauty in the consumer's eye. Sarah Diefenbach calls it the "Beauty Dilemma" [5]. In a way, we all seem to agree that we may enjoy beauty. Maslow thought of it as a fundamental need (a view I do not necessarily agree with) "Beauty is an important ingredient of our daily lives. We admire and praise the beauty of nature, architecture, music, other people... Given its pervasiveness, the lack of research addressing aesthetics in Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) is striking." Not long ago, I started a book chapter on beauty and HCI with these words [1]. And I believe both parts still to be true. Beauty still matters, and HCI still keeps struggling with the concept. The reasons for this are manifold. One can despise beauty because of its notorious elusiveness or fight about whether beauty can be reduced to some numbers on scales—as David Frohlich put it: "It didn't seem to me to be the kind of thing that could be measured so easily with a sevenpoint bipolar scale and a pencil" [2]. Not to mention the succession of philosophers who already devoted entire lives to understanding the transcendental nature of beauty. Given the myriad views on beauty, it may be more a matter of position than of truth. Nevertheless, Noam Tractinsky recently summarized what we know research-wise about beauty applied to HCI, which seems to be substantial enough [3]. We know, for example, a fair bit about the processes underlying judgments • Figure 1. La Mer Blanche (Brittany, France), one of my favorite beaches. in te ra c ti o n s J u ly + A u g u s t 2 0 1 2


The present study investigates the flow dynamics in the hub region of a wind turbine focusing on the influence 1 of the nacelle geometry on the root aerodynamics by means of Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes simulations with the code 2 FLOWer. The turbine considered is a generic version of the Enercon E44 converter incorporating blades with flatback-profiled 3 root sections. First, a comparison is drawn between an isolated rotor assumption and a setup including the baseline nacelle 4 geometry, in order to elaborate the basic flow features of the blade root. It was found that the nacelle reduces the trailed 5 circulation of the root vortices and improves aerodynamic the efficiency for the inner portion of the rotor, but on the other 6 hand induces a complex vortex system at the juncture to the blade that causes flow separation. The origin of these effects 7 is analyzed in detail. In a second step, the effects of basic geometric parameters describing the nacelle have been analyzed 8 with the purpose to increase the aerodynamic efficiency in the root region. Therefore, three modification categories have been 9 addressed, where the first alters the nacelle diameter, the second varies the blade position relative to the nacelle and the third 10 comprises modifications in the vicinity of the blade-nacelle junction. The impact of the geometrical modifications on the local 11 flow physics are discussed and assessed with respect to aerodynamic performance in the blade root region. It was found that 12 increasing the nacelle diameter deteriorates the root aerodynamics, since the flow separation gets more pronounced. Possible 13 solutions identified to reduce the flow separation are a shift of the blade in direction of the rotation or the installation of a 14 fairing fillet in the junction between the blade and the nacelle. 15


Methyl-siloxane gel and silica gel with co-continuous structure derived from methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) and tetramethoxysilane (TMOS) were synthesized in two-dimensional (2D) confined spaces by inducing spinodal decomposition during the sol−gel transition. The resultant macroporous gel morphology was three-dimensionally examined by laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), which revealed that the 2D confined gels have a layered structure. At the interface between MTMS- or TMOS-derived gel and a hydrophobic surface, the skin layer has formed by complete wetting by methylsiloxane and silica phase. In the near-surface region, a cylindrical columnar gel skeleton has formed only in the MTMS system. The volume fraction of gel phase oscillated near both hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces because of the attractive interactions between polymerizing siloxane and surfaces or shrinkage during aging stage.


Abstract Given a transformation T of a standard measure space (X,μ), let ℳ(T) denote the set of spectral multiplicities of the Koopman operator UT defined in $L^2(X,\mu )\ominus \Bbb C$ by UTf:=f∘T. In this survey paper we discuss which subsets of $\Bbb N\cup \{\infty \}$ are realizable as ℳ(T) for various T: ergodic, weakly mixing, mixing, Gaussian, Poisson, ergodic infinite measure-preserving, etc. The corresponding constructions are considered in detail. Generalizations to actions of Abelian locally compact second countable groups are also discussed.


Catalytic asymmetric chloride and bromide ring openings of meso aziridines with trimethylsilyl halides have been developed using modular chiral 1,2,3-triazolium chlorides as catalysts. Control experiments suggest the reaction pathway involving hypervalent silicate ions as reactive intermediates. The application of this system to the efficient kinetic resolution of terminal aziridines is also reported.


A fragile watermarking algorithm based on multiple watermarking is proposed. Watermarking generation: First, divide the image into block, and generate an authentication watermarking and two average watermarking based on their average value. Then, use block truncation coding to encode each image block to generate the characteristic watermarking. Then, the image block of generates three different mapping blocks according to the three different keys. By embedding three recovery watermarking, the algorithm can provide three recovery opportunities for the image block, which improves the recovery ability of the image under random multi-region tampering. In the experiment, through experiments such as multi-region tampering and large-region tampering on images of different scenes, it is shown that the algorithm can realize the authentication and recovery of tampering in multiple regions of the image. Finally, through comparative experiments with recent typical methods, the advantages of the algorithm in image quality after watermarking and restoration of image quality are verified.


We propose numerical schemes that enable the application of particle methods for advection problems in general bounded domains. These schemes combine particle fields with Cartesian tensor product splines and a fictitious domain approach. Their implementation only requires a fitted mesh of the domain's boundary, and not the domain itself, where an unfitted Cartesian grid is used. We establish the stability and consistency of these schemes in Ws,p-norms, s ∈ ℝ, 1 ≤ p ≤ ∞.


Two new disc-like heptanuclear complexes [Ni7(mmimp)6(MeO)6]·2(ClO4) (1), [Ni7(mmimp)6(MeO)6]·2(NO3) (2) were synthesised, where Hmmimp is 2-methoxy-6-methyliminomethyl-phenol. The two compounds were characterised by elemental analysis, IR and X-ray single-crystal diffraction. Compounds 1 and 2 are heptanuclear clusters with the similar cubane topology in which the metal ions and the oxygen, nitrogen atoms from the mmimp− ligands possess a planar hexagonal disc-like structure. Magnetic properties of 1 and 2 have been discussed. The {Ni7} (1) and {Ni7} (2) cores display dominant ferromagnetic interactions from the nature of the binding modes through μ3-OCH3− . Contrast to microwave assist synthesis, the quality and yield of product are obviously better than using solvothermal methods, with shortened reaction time. Two disc-like heptanuclear clusters described were obtained by changing the nickel (II) salts. The {Ni7} cores display dominant ferromagnetic interactions from the nature of the binding modes through μ3-OCH3− .


PURPOSE: A method and a device for transmitting a reference signal to cancel interference between cells in a MIMO communication system are provided to prevent channel estimation and data transfer rates when a base station supports transmission antennas. CONSTITUTION: A base station repetitively allocates a channel measurement reference signal by an antenna at a fixed frequency resource element interval after nulling or puncturing resource elements overlapped with resource elements to which a channel measurement reference signal of an adjacent cell is applied. The base station allocates a data signal to a residual resource element. The base station transfers location information of the channel measurement reference signal-allocated resource element to a terminal. The base station transmits a data packet.


Ensuring the accurate positioning of the vehicle at any time is the key to navigation and path planning in unmanned driving vehicle. Due to the changes and signal attenuation of vehicle-mounted GPS signals when they pass through electric clouds, and the reflection of GPS signals when they encounter glass curtain wall, and under underground garages, tunnels and overpasses, for example, GPS satellite signals cannot be received by vehicle-mounted GPS locator due to the obstruction of buildings. The above-mentioned situations will cause the vehicle GPS positioning signal to be unstable or even missing. And the current positioning method based on lidar has become the mainstream positioning method for unmanned vehicles. However, under bad weather conditions, the detection capability of infrared waves will be greatly attenuated, and the stability of lidar positioning will also be affected. Therefore, this paper introduces an unmanned driving vehicle positioning method based on GPS/lidar/derivative data fusion when the environment map is known. That is, when the GPS signal is good and the lidar is in good weather conditions, the vehicle can be accurately positioned by GPS/lidar/derivation fusion. While the GPS positioning signal or lidar positioning is unstable and in the event of a short absence, it is still can achieve accurate positioning of intelligent vehicles through a derivation-based approach. The experimental data and MATLAB software simulation results show that the horizontal error of vehicle positioning is within the range of 14.3cm and the longitudinal error is within the range of 8.8cm, within 5 seconds after the lidar and GPS signals are lost simultaneously.


The author investigates the use of "added parameters" in the adjustment of analytical photo-triangulation to compensate for unknown systematic errors in the system. The model selected for investigation is one proposed by D. Brown which, in the opinion of the author, contains terms which are highly correlated and, as such, degrade the solution. The discussion goes on to propose a statistical method for selection of parameters and provides numerical results of applications of the method proposed. Investigations show an improvement in accuracy of typical analytical triangulation to be in the order of about 1.1 to 3.0 times when using the method. Translated from: Geodeziya i kartografiya, 1984, No. 1, pp. 34-38.


Aviation of electric system is a kind of distributed computer system,airborne computer of modules are connected bus,transfering messages.For system of capability determines bus.In virtue of airborne computer is used special environment,LBE bus?VME bus?PCI bus are compared.The article introduces histroy of Aviation of electric system..By the bus of framework and virue of time,the article give the coding of controlling singals of Dram.The coding have proved that the solution is correct in all kind of test.


This article examines educational rhetoric in Ontario, Canada, during the Great Depression. It notes how the government, through the Annual Reports of the Minister of Education, and the College of Education, through its journal, The School, espoused themes of social efficiency regarding educational ideas and policies. The Depression struck schools hardest between 1932 and 1935 in Ontario, providing cause and context for reflection and reform in pedagogy. While social efficiency remained within the educational discourse of the province, the notion was problematised in Ontario as the province began to shake off the worst of the economic Depression.


The relic abundance of the lightest right-handed sneutrino dark matter in supersymmetric B-L extension of the standard model is revisited. We argue that it can form a bound state through the exchange of light B-L Higgs boson and a large non-perturbative Sommerfeld effect is obtained. We emphasized that with this effect the relic abundance of right-handed sneutrino will lie within the observational limits and the right-handed sneutrino will remain a viable dark matter candidate of mass order up to 1.5 TeV.


A survey of full‐scale activated‐sludge plants in Illinois revealed that filamentous foaming is a widespread problem in the state, and that the causes and consequences of foaming control strategies are not fully understood. To link microbial community structure to foam occurrence, microbial populations in eight foaming and nine nonfoaming full‐scale activated‐sludge systems were quantified using oligonucleotide hybridization probes targeting the ribosomal RNA (rRNA) of the mycolata; Gordonia spp.; Gordonia amarae; "Candidatus Microthrix parvicella"; the α‐, β‐, and γ‐subclasses of the Proteobacteria, and members of the Cytophaga‐Flavobacteria. Parallel measurements of microbial population abundance using hybridization of extracted RNA and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) showed that the levels of mycolata, particularly Gordonia spp., were higher in most foaming systems compared with nonfoaming systems. Fluorescence in situ hybridization and microscopy suggested the involvement of "Candidatus Microthrix parvicella" and Skermania piniformis in foam formation in other plants. Finally, high numbers of "Candidatus Microthrix parvicella" were detected by FISH in foam and mixed liquor samples of one plant, whereas the corresponding levels of rRNA were low. This finding implies that inactive "Candidatus Microthrix parvicella" cells (i.e., cells with low rRNA levels) can cause foaming.


In modern distance education, the main task of remote teaching management and navigation system for distance learners learning accurate positioning, and help them to specify the learning knowledge structure of strategy and organization, in order to improve the learning efficiency and enhance the awareness of learner's location. System center on the learner, a variety of the use of virtual reality in this new media technology to provide support services for distance education institutions were simulated, let students participate in the virtual avatar manner, so as to enhance their sense of belonging to the school.


We present an isometric version of the complementably universal Banach space $\mathbb{P}$ with a Schauder decomposition. The space $\mathbb{P}$ is isomorphic to Pe{\l}czy\'nski's space with a universal basis as well as to Kadec' complementably universal space with the bounded approximation property.


Four health and 1~2 ages crossbred gayal( gayal×yunan yellow cattle ) were selected, their meat characteristic of pH, water loss, tenderness(shear force), cooking loss, colour and flavor were determined. The result showed that pH, water loss, tenderness and cooking loss were 6.05~6.26, 10.65%~20.94%, 3.08, 63.8% respectively. The pH, tenderness(shear force),flavor came up to high quality standard.


In this paper, a new approach of intelligent tutoring systems based on adaptive workflows and serious games is proposed. The objective is to use workflows for learning and evaluation process in the activity-based learning context. We aim to implement a system that allow the coexistence of an intelligent tutor and a human tutor who could control and follow-up the execution of the learning processes and intervene in blocking situations. Serious games will be the pillar of the evalu-ation process. The purpose is to provide new summative evaluation methods that increase learner's motivation and encourage them to learn.


For the practical use of THz quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) in a large field of applications, including real-time THz imaging and THz spectroscopy, it is necessary to develop low loss waveguides [1].The most efficient in the THz region of the spectrum is a double metal waveguide (DMW) design in which the active region is placed between two metal layers. The mode confinement factor in such waveguides is Г ~ 1, which is much higher than in plasmon waveguides (Г ~ 0.3), which effectively work for mid-infrared QCLs. However, QCLs with DMW are complex in fabrication [2] and require preliminary theoretical and experimental studies of the behavior of the dielectric constant and the loss coefficient of both metals and semiconductors in the THz spectral region. For the development of more efficient laser schemes for THz QCLs, as well as a low loss waveguide design, the information is needed on the loss in THz QCLs over a wide range of temperatures and frequencies. It is shown that the loss in THz QCLs plays an important role in the internal tuning of the radiation frequency [3]. In this work, we propose to use a double metal waveguide based on silver (Ag), for reducing the losses of the waveguide. In comparison with Au, Ag has a higher electrical and thermal conductivities, which should lead to low losses in the Ag-based waveguide. For this purpose, we investigate the spectra of mode losses in THz QCL with DMW based on Au and Ag. Metal film of Ti/Au (30/1000 nm) and Ti/Ag (30/1000 nm) are deposited on SI-GaAs, and their resistivities are measured using Van der Pauw method in the temperature range from 4.2 to 300 K. The dielectric constants and loss coefficients (αmet) are calculated on the basis of measurements of the resistivity of metals using the Drude model. As shown in Fig. 1, the loss coefficient on the Auand Ag-based DMW increases with increasing frequency and temperature. Using Ag for DMW allows to reduce αmet by more than 2 cm -1 comparing with DMW based on Au. Calculations of the coefficient of total losses, including losses on the DMW, resonator mirrors, optical phonons and free charge carriers, are performed for a 10-μm waveguide. It is demonstrated that, taking into account the absorption of THz radiation by free carriers and optical phonons (see the inset of Fig. 2), the spectrum of total mode losses has a wide minimum in the region of 3-6 THz, which shifts to the highfrequency region of the spectrum with increasing temperature (see Fig. 2). The minimum losses in an Au-based waveguide with an increase of temperature from 100 to 300 K increase from 8 to 27 cm –1 . The use of Ag-based DMW allows to reduce losses by 2–4 cm –1 in comparison with Au-based DMW. We have designed the active region of the THz QCL based on three tunnel-coupled quantum wells GaAs/Al0.15Ga0.85As with a resonance-phonon depopulation scheme [4]. Numerical calculations of energy levels, matrix elements of dipole transitions, the degree of subbands populations and gain spectra are carried out depending on the applied electric field and temperature. It is shown that the maximum gain is realized under phonon resonance conditions at a frequency of 3.37 THz at an electric field strength of F = 12.3 kV/cm [5].


Address for Correspondence: Dr.A.K.Manicka Vasuki, Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, PSG Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Coimbatore – 641004, India. Ph.No.9842766782 E-Mail: email@example.com Introduction: Seven cervical vertebrae constitute the skeletal framework of the neck. Along with the other identification points, the cardinal feature of a cervical vertebra whether typical or atypical is the presence of Foramen transversarium on the transverse process. This foramen transmits the Vertebral artery, Vertebral vein and Sympathetic nerves. These foramina are known to have variations in size, shape and numbers and may be absent, incomplete or duplicate, which may lead to various symptoms. Their etiology is related with the variations in the course of the Vertebral artery due to developmental reasons. Materials and methods: Three hundred dry human cervical vertebrae were collected and studied in the department of Anatomy, PSG Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Coimbatore. We included all the Cervical vertebrae including Atlas, Axis and all other cervical vertebrae. We observed the presence, size, shape and variations of Foramen transversarium of cervical vertebrae during our study. Observations and results: Out of three hundred Cervical vertebrae, One hundred and twenty five cervical vertebrae (42%) had variations of Foramen transversarium like Complete / incomplete Accessory foramen, triple foramen on one side, absence of foramen on one side and unequal size of foramen on both the sides. The different types of shapes of foramen transversarium were also analysed and tabulated. The areas of foramen transversarium were measured after measuring all the diameters. Conclusion: Variations in the Foramen transversarium may indicate, the variation in the course of the Vertebral artery. The present study was important clinical implications for Head and neck and vascular surgeries. These variations should be kept in our mind during surgeries on cervical spine.


Epidemiology
What if a new and devastating form of malaria emerges? This scenario may be occurring in Southeast Asia, where a significant number of reported malaria cases were identified as being caused by Plasmodium knowlesi , until recently thought to be a monkey infection. This parasite has


In today's technological era, SOC has undergone rapid evolution and is still processing at a swift pace. But due to this explosive evolution of semiconductor industry, the devices are scaling down at a rapid rate and hence, SOC today have become communication-centric. However, the existing bus architectures comprising of wires for global interconnection in SOC design are undergoing design crises as they are not able to keep up with the rate of scaling down of devices. To overcome bottleneck of communication system, NOC is an upcoming archetype. In on-chip network, router is considered as an important component. This paper proposes router, its components and parameters which affects the entire design. Thus, to validate the functioning of NOC on hardware, router has been designed in VHDL and simulated in Xilinx ISE 14.1 targeting Xilinx XC5VLX30-3 FPGA.


In a disaster, accurate information is a resource that is often in short supply. The combination of rapidly unfolding events and the frequent loss of communication infrastructure including mobile phones, landlines, Internet and television broadcast make it difficult to gain situational awareness. And while there is obvious value in aggregating information for centralized emergency authorities, disasters like Hurricane Katrina have shown that authoritative organizations are not always prepared to mobilize quickly enough. There is significant potential for systems that support self-organization and information sharing among the victims of a disaster. This paper discusses an application designed to share disaster information over an ad-hoc network built from common mobile devices (e.g. smart phones and PDAs). A Collaborative Filtering (CF) algorithm aggregates the observations of numerous distributed users and disseminates maps of disaster related events back to them. This paper describes a framework for analysis of disaster events, including both the availability of necessary resources (e.g. water and fuel) as well as disruptive events (e.g. downed power lines, leaks, etc). In addition, a spatial-temporal clustering algorithm combines the observations of multiple users into coherent reports. The goals of the framework are to quickly spread and accurately update vital information while resisting rumors and errors. The results demonstrate that sharing information in this way can increase the group's situational awareness.


Multiple voices can be heard in this text compilation that brings together architecture, urbanism, psychoanalysis, and economics around The Wire, an American series set in Baltimore. In this crossroads, the effects of the market on public and private institutions are highlighted, as well as the transformations that spaces go through, generating highly segregated population sectors. The transformations of the urban fabric and their consequences on social groups are also pointed out. In this sense, readers will be able to grasp the shift from a way of understanding the city in an extensive space to the idea of an overlap of layers where the different strata live together.


The patient was a 42-year-old woman. After 4 courses of capecitabine therapy for right chest wall recurrence of breast cancer, ER(+, 10-15%), PgR(-), HER2(-), she underwent pleurodesis using OK-432 for increased right pleural effusion. On the 12th day after pleurodesis diffuse infiltrative shadows in the right lung, and frosted shadows in both lungs, were observed, and she was diagnosed with drug-induced lung injury. About 3 weeks after administration of prednisolone 1 mg/ kg a tendency for improvement in lung injury was observed, but the patient died of breast cancer progression. Drug- induced lung injury by pleurodesis carries the risk of delaying resumption of chemotherapy. We report this case with a review of the literature.


Modern farming practices are often unsustainable as they damage soils and rely on chemical fertilisers and pesticides, machinery, fossil fuels and purchased seeds. Natural farming on the other hand, mitigates the pace and effects of climate change and biochar has the potential to add value to soils and ecosystems. It is another name for charcoal, created by the pyrolysis of biomass. Biocharculture is a historical traditional practice applied to soil management, livestock, biomass energy, water purification and sanitation. This paper reviews various types of biochar and its uses as an organic compost, pesticide, fertiliser, etc and the impact on the land, microorganisms, water tables and ecosystems.


Oil palm is a perennial plant that thrives well in tropical climate. Apart from humid environment, the plant also requires a wide variety of nutrients. Any deficiencies will directly affect its growth and palm oil production. These can often be detected from the change of leaf colour and texture. Deviations from the standard dark green colour indicates lack of certain nutrients. Therefore, this study proposes convolutional neural network (CNN) to classify nutrient deficiency in oil palms using leaf images. A total of 180 leaf images are acquired using standardized protocol. The samples are evenly distributed into healthy, nitrogen-deficient, and potassium-deficient groups. Residual network (ResNet)-50, visual geometry group-16 (VGG16), Densely connected network (DenseNet)-201, and AlexNet are trained and tested using the randomized samples. Each attained classification accuracies of 96.7%, 100%, 98.3%, and 100% respectively. Despite yielding similar performance, AlexNet is the more computational efficient architecture with less convolutional layers compared to VGG-16.


Over the past decade, a considerable shift has begun to occur in the way educators, human service providers, health care professionals, and policy makers provide supports for children's learning and development. The contributors to this volume advocate the delivery of comprehensive and integrated services by professionals who work collaboratively, rather than in isolation. Instead of multiple services delivered through a range of separate and distinct programs, these comprehensive networks of services are being taken to scale and institutionalized through the development of infrastructures that integrate service delivery with evaluation, dissemination, public engagement, professional capacity building, and education and knowledge development (Weiss & Lopez, 1999). Efforts to build infrastructure typically involve most of the major institutions in the community: schools, universities, health services, and community agencies. Square in the middle of nearly every effort to build comprehensive and integrated support systems for children is K–12 education. Since the Coleman report (1966), educators have known that learning and teaching are complex endeavors that involve much more than the classroom teacher, the child, and the school. While good teachers affect student learning (Haycock, 1998; Sanders, 1998), many factors extrinsic to the school affect readiness and ability to learn (Pittman & Cahill, 1992). The list is long. Poverty, disrupted and displaced families, and the new morbidities (violence, unsafe sex, drug and alcohol use, often with accompanying school failure and dropout) can negatively affect a student's capacity to learn. Clearly, teachers cannot address these varied and complex needs by themselves. Professionals who can work effectively with other professionals to integrate services from multiple


Two symbol manipulation languages are presented. REC (an acronym for Regular Expression Compiler) is a very compact language possessing a simple control structure. CONVERT is a pattern matching and substitution language well suited to problems whose solution may conveniently be expressed in terms of transformation rules. REC is useful when conciseness is required. such as for microcomputers with limited memory, interactive programming via the keyboard, and so on. Its present form was carefully chosen to facilitate the compilation of CONVERT programs while still preserving a universal appearance. In turn, CONVERT is a natural alternative to consider for an application which is already expressed in terms of transformation rules, as are many compilers, assemblers and symbol manipulation systems. This article primarily describes the appearance of these two languages, but some of the applications which they have been given are mentioned.


It has been recently shown, that interval spaces, when embedded into groups, are direct sums of known number systems for the midpoints of the intervals (like linear spaces, fields, etc) and special spaces abstracting properties of the radii of the intervals [5],[6]. This fact emphasizes the important roles of the midpoint-radius presentation of intervals, both from a theoretical and a practical point of view. In this work we collect a number of formulae for interval arithmetic in midpoint-radius form restricting ourselves to real interval arithmetic. Denote by R the set (or field) of reals, by R denote the vector lattice (R, +,R, ·,≤) with the familiar order, that is for α = (α1, ..., αn), β = (β1, ..., βn) ∈ R, α ≤ β means αi ≤ βi, i = 1, ..., n. Given u′ = (u′1, ..., u′n), u′′ = (u′′ 1 , ..., u′′ n) ∈ R, u′′ ≥ 0, the set u = {ξ | u′ − u′′ ≤ ξ ≤ u′ + u′′} is a (compact) n-dimensional interval on R with midpoint (center) u′ and radius u′′. The end-point notation of an interval is: u = [u′ − u′′, u′ + u′′]. In this work we shall use the midpoint-radius (center-radius) presentation of an interval u ∈ I(R) in the form u = (u′; u′′), where u′, u′′ ∈ R, u′′ ≥ 0. The midpoint-radius presentation of intervals will be briefly called MR-form. Another common interpretation says that u is an approximate number (vector) with a representative (possible, probable) value u′ and error bound u′′. The set of all intervals on R is denoted by I(R); in particular, for n = 1 the set of intervals on R is denoted by I(R). An n-dimensional interval is an n-tuple of one-dimensional intervals, symbolically u = (u1, u2, ..., un), ui = (u′i; u′′ i ) ∈ I(R), i = 1, 2, ..., n. In the sequel α, β, γ, etc. denote vectors from R (or scalars from R), whereas a, b, c, ... denote intervals from I(R), and, in particular, from I(R).


With the acceleration of the global informatization process, improving the efficiency of information processing has become a top priority. The development of science and technology has made the information processing methods advance by leaps and bounds, and the trend of "electronic information" attracts the participation of all walks of life. This paper aims to study the intelligent English recognition system based on computer image algorithm. This paper firstly gives a brief overview of the current situation and development of intelligent English recognition technology. In view of the current demand for accurate and fast English recognition on the market, the system can automatically distinguish and recognize input images and extract image information. This paper first describes the proposed system from three parts: image preprocessing, document image retrieval, preliminary analysis, and information extraction. In this case, angle detection is faster and can recognize English words more accurately. Experiments show that the combined feature extraction algorithm in this paper has an effective extraction accuracy rate of 80% or a lie, and the optimal learning initial rate is 0.01.


In this study, the author designed the self esteem scale for experience of delivery and surveyed the self esteem of mothers for their experience of deliveryto study the scale's reliability and validity. The subjects were 235 mothers in puerperal stage between 1st and 14th day after delivery. This is the questionnaire survey on self esteem of delivery. Thewords collected in Study 1 were used in designing the questionnaire based on 10 value types of universal value theory of Schwartz (1992). There were 54 questions in the questionnaire. The answers to these 54 questions were processed using three factor analyses (principle factor analysis varimax) to extract significant 35 items to design the self esteem scale for delivery experience. The fourth factor analysis help the author extract four stable factors ("done well myself', "satisfactory with both mother and child being well", "presence of reliable obstetric staff' and "awareness as a mother") Each a coefficient was between 0.91 to 0.71, indicating high internal consistency and reliability. It is highly correlated with four factors resulted from thecorrelation with the self-esteem scale, confirming the validity of the constituent concept.


Objective: To analysis the paper and citation of 11 journals of Traditional Chinese Medicine, with the aim to provide a reference for the evaluation of those journals. Method: A bibliometric analysis was conducted to study 11 journals of Traditional Chinese Medicine and its papers. Results: The total amount of the published papers increased from 3570 in 2003 to 5951 in 2009; funded papers increased from 26.70% to 62.14%; 5 of the journals shortened the issues, the other 6 journals increased the pages. 24413 authors published their papers in 2009, the average cooperation degree of the authors was 4.10; 72.47% of the papers were from universities and their affiliated hospitals; the average publishing stagnant time was 283.46 days; the average number of citations per article was 8.94; the main (84.85%) type of the citation was journal literature; language of the citations was mainly (71.09%) Chinese; the Price Index was 40.35%. Conclusion: The journals of Traditional Chinese Medicine made a rapid development during the past few years, and the academic level increased gradually. Universities and their affiliated hospitals are the major outputs of research papers. The publishing stagnant time is relatively long.


Advances in computing power, numerical algorithms and physical models have occurred at a remarkable pace during the past 40 years. Computations of multidimensional reacting flows are now performed routinely, and computational fluid dynamic (CFD)-based tools are increasingly used in industry to test and design new combustors. Consequently, numerical combustion has become a diversified field with virtually unlimited literature, which makes it impossible to cover this topic in a single chapter. Therefore, the present discussion is limited to numerical simulations of reacting systems involving zero-, one-, and two-dimensional combustion phenomena. Starting with the generalized form of the conservation equations and a general methodology for the computation of 3-D reacting flows, several examples of simplified combustion systems are presented. These include flammability limits, flame blowout, transient ignition, 1-D premixed flames, opposed-jet flames, and transient 1-D reacting systems, such as droplet ignition and combustion. Computations of 2-D steady and unsteady flames using a DNS-based code are also discussed. Examples here include the stability and emission characteristics of burner-stabilized flames, and flame liftoff and blowout. Topics not covered include the modeling and computations of turbulent flames and multiphase reacting flows, including spray and coal combustion. In spite of its phenomenal growth, the field of numerical combustion continues to evolve, as exemplified by advances in high-performance computing, modeling of turbulence–chemistry interactions, numerical flame diagnostics, and algorithms for the automatic generation of reaction mechanisms.

Keywords:

3-D governing equations;
numerical computations;
simplified reacting systems;
laminar reacting flows;
steady and unsteady flames


The tradition that God raised Jesus from the dead has been challenged by the revival of two hypotheses – a) that the post-resurrection appearances may be explained on the basis of bereavement hallucinations on the part of the disciples, and b) that, on the basis of a comparison with parapsychological literature, a paranormal explanation may be possible. After a brief critique of the traditional evangelical approach to the relevant New Testament texts, the present article focuses on an assessment of these alternative hypotheses, concluding that, although parapsychological literature offers some interesting comparisons with the post-resurrection appearances, the bereavement hallucination hypothesis shows more promise as a viable alternative to the traditional view.


A simple scheme for rail to rail op-amp operation is introduced. The input stage uses complementary differential pairs but only one pair is active at a time. It uses very compact control circuitry. Experimental verification is provided from a test chip prototype in 0.5 μm CMOS technology.


Date Presented 04/02/2022
 This study determined OT students' knowledge and perceptions of the use of occupation-based interventions in hand therapy. Findings suggest there is a disconnect between students' knowledge of occupation-based interventions in relation to hand therapy, and OT curricula need to incorporate more occupation-based content into hand therapy education to ensure OTs practicing in hand therapy do not lose touch with the core of the profession.
 Primary Author and Speaker: Elaine Bauer
 Additional Authors and Speakers: Colleen Maher


FIELD: electricity. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the electrical machine to which for the cooling purpose air is supplied, and the named machine has a housing which contains cooling channels for cooling air. The electrical machine to which for the cooling purpose air is supplied, contains the housing (40). The housing (40) has cooling channels for cooling air. In the housing (40) air distribution channels (71) are made which goes out of the common air supply channel (70). The cross section of the named air supply channel (70) has an oval shape. The air supply channel (70) passes in essence along a circumference. EFFECT: electric machine cooling improvement. 9c l, 8 dwg


This paper is motivated by a desire to improve software reliability, in particular, the reliability of software that impacts the operational and financial viability of organisations. We examine the effects of Criticality, Complexity, and Organisational Influence on information systems reliability. Questionnaires were used to gather quantitative data for statistical analysis. Post-hoc in-depth interviews were used to help explain results of the statistical analysis. Surprisingly, no associations were observed between Reliability and Criticality or between Reliability and Complexity. A positive relationship was found, however, between system Reliability and Organisational Influence. The interviews indicated that organisations mitigated the potential negative effects of Complexity through additional planning, and achieved more reliable software by assigning more competent project managers They managed Criticality by assigning more competent project managers to more critical systems. The significant relationship between system Reliability and Organisational Influence indicates that IS managers respond to internal political pressures. This result implies that senior management should take steps to ensure that excessive Organisational Influence does not cause IS managers to misallocate resources. For example, for each major project, the IS steering committee can determine the desired level of reliability, appoint project mangers with the appropriate skill set, and periodically communicate with these project managers about the activities used to achieve each system's desired level of reliability.


Summary Twenty male Ss earned money by pulling a knob. Ss also could avoid or escape an aversive tone by pressing a button (a nonaggressive response) or by hitting a padded cushion (aggressive response). Control group Ss worked alone during two 90-minute sessions of an extinction condition in which knob pulling was no longer rewarded after 20 had been earned. Experimental group Ss, who worked alone only during the first session of extinction, were paired with an aggressive model in the second session. Experimental group Ss showed higher magnitudes of punching when the aggressive model was present than when he was absent. Control group Ss showed a reduction in high-magnitude punches across extinction conditions. It was concluded that the mere presence of a nonrewarded aggressive model was sufficient to evoke imitative aggression.


A newly developed storage dielectric was found to have exceptional competence to prolong the life span of existent NO-based dielectrics by adopting N 2 O wet oxidation and postoxidation treatment. Compared with the conventional NO dielectric, 12.6% cell capacitance enhancement can be achieved while keeping a comparable leakage current. The reliability performance is also qualified with less than 438 ppm failure rate after 10-years of operation. In addition to the distinguished electrical characteristics, the intriguing point is its process simplicity since the N 2 O-related process could be fully integrated into the current furnace process. Combining the promising properties, this economical technique would be favorable for dynamic random access memory (DRAM) manufacturers to control their chip cost in the increasingly competitive arena.


Teamwork in an organization often experiences ups and downs in interpersonal relationships due to ineffective communication-interaction problems. Whereas in addition to leadership issues, organizational effectiveness is also largely determined by the interactions within the organization. Poor interaction-communication is the result of interpersonal ignorance of one another. This study tries to analyze the effectiveness of cooperation based on the machine intelligence owned by each personal organization, where methods like this are relatively not widely known. This study uses an approach that is a combination of qualitative and quantitative in a population of school organizations that consist of one principal and seven teachers. From this study, it was found that (1) relatively small relationship scores exist in four people including the principal as the leader of the organization, and (2) organizational personnel can play the appropriate roles of the five roles based on their machine intelligence. This study concludes that the analyzed school organization has a lot of interaction-communication conflicts, so a personal understanding of each other is needed based on their respective intelligence machines. By understanding machine intelligence, each member of the organization will be able to treat others appropriately both in interaction and communication so that the organization runs effectively.


In the present study, effort was made to characterize eight different spring wheats e.g. Lasani-08, FSD-08, Mairaj-08, Shafaq-06, Sehar-06, Bhakkar-02, Uqab-2000 and Inqalab-91 with special reference to non-starch polysaccharides (arabinoxylans and arabinogalactans) extraction followed by their utilization in baked products. Results showed that significant variations were expounded in physico-chemical analysis and mineral profile of different spring wheats among crop years 2008-09 and 2009-10.Total dietary fiber content was found in the range of 9.60-12.37% and 9.37-12.54%, soluble dietary fiber content was observed in the range of 2.74-3.55% and 2.407-3.507% while insoluble dietary fiber content ranged from 6.3 to 9.1% and 7.35 to 7.53% among crop year 2008-09 and 2009-10, respectively.Wet gluten content was exhibited in the range of 23.88-28.81% and 23.61-28.36% whilst dry gluten ranged from 8.27 to 9.50% and 8.053 to 9.53% among crop year 2008-09 and 2009-10, respectively. The arabinoxylans and arabinogalactans content in whole wheat flour of different wheat varieties ranged from 2.93 to 4.68% and 0.47 to 0.93%, respectively while in bran, they ranged from 11.71 to 18.38% and 1.07-4.43%,respectively.Phenolic compounds i.e. ferulic acid, p-coumaric acids were 1.12 and 19.6mg/100g, respectively. Owing to presence of these phenolic compounds, it has persuasive antioxidant potential.Arabinoxylan has negative impact on gluten quality as reduced gluten strength was observed while significant results were obtained for rheological characteristic. Moreover, adding arabinoxylan and arabinogalactan in bread formulation resulted in significant increase in volume and texture of the final product.Conclusively, it may be inferred that non-starch polysaccharides holds potential to be extracted and utilized in cereal based products for best quality and value addition.


INTRODUCTION The goal of this work was to count the number (Nglom) and measure the volume (Vglom) of every glomerulus in human kidneys with MRI. Changes in the number and size of glomeruli have been linked to ~90% of all chronic renal diseases and many systemic diseases, and nephron number is an early predictor of susceptibility to renal and cardiovascular disease (1, 2). Current histological methods to assess Nglom and Vglom require resection and destruction of the entire kidney and merely extrapolate measurements from small numbers of glomeruli (3). These techniques are neither clinically viable due to their destructive nature nor comprehensive in their assessment of Nglom and Vglom. A method to assess Nglom and Vglom in humans that is non-invasive and measures every glomerulus could be important for clinical diagnostic screening, transplant characterization, and large-scale epidemiological studies. The parameters Nglom and Vglom may be measured in the rat kidney by injecting the superparamagnetic nanoparticle, cationic ferritin (CF), and imaging with MRI (4 6). CF binds to anionic proteoglycans in the glomerular basement membrane, and is thus glomerulus-specific in the kidney. This technique does not require destruction of the kidney and measures every CFlabeled glomerulus in the kidney. Here we adapted this same technique to count and measure the size of every glomerulus in human donor kidneys as a first proof-ofconcept study of MRI with CF to measure human kidney morphology. METHODS Sample preparation. Cationized ferritin (CF) was synthesized according to Danon, et al. (7). Four human kidneys were acquired though a donation network (The International Institute for the Advancement of Medicine) with institutional approval and informed consent. Kidneys were received in University of Wisconsin preservative within 24 hours of donor death. Kidneys were viable organs throughout the procedure, up until formalin fixation. The renal artery of three of the kidneys (one from a male, two from females) was catheterized and the kidney was perfused with phosphate buffered saline (PBS), then a 44 mg of CF in PBS, then PBS, then formalin. The fourth kidney was prepared in the same way but remained naive to CF (control). ~ 1 mm tissue biopsies were taken from the cortex of each kidney and prepared for immunofluorescence microscopy (detailed below). All kidneys were stored in 10% neutral buffered formalin. MRI. Prior to imaging, kidneys were removed from formalin storage and washed three times in 500 ml PBS. The kidneys were then imaged using a Bruker 7T/35 MRI scanner and a 72-mm quadrature transmit/receive radio frequency coil (Bruker, Billerica, MA). A T2-weighted (TE/TR = 20/39 ms) three-dimensional gradient echo fast low angle shot (FLASH) sequence was used to image the entire kidney. MRI volumes were acquired with a 117x117x117 μm resolution (field of view = 6x6x10.5 cm, matrix size = 512x512x896, 5 averages, total scan time = 10 hr 39 min). Immunofluorescence. We took ~1 mm tissue biopsies during preparation. We placed biopsies in 10% neutral buffered formalin for four hours and washed in PBS overnight. Samples were then cryoprotected in sucrose, rapidly frozen, and sectioned at 35 μm. Sections were washed in PBS, permeablized, incubated in rabbit anti-horse spleen ferritin, an Alexa594 goat anti-rabbit secondary antibody and 4',6diamidino-2-phenylindole (Invitrogen), and imaged on a Zeiss 710 laser scanning confocal microscope. Image processing. Nglom and Vglom were measured from the MRI volumes using custom software written in MATLAB (The Mathworks, Natick, MA). Briefly, we derived the Hessian matrix for each voxel in the volume to detect the centroid voxels of glomeruli their surrounding 'glomerular' voxels. Voxels that constitute a glomerulus are the clustered using a gaussian mixture model. It was assumed that human glomeruli would be no less than 1.60x10 μm and no more than 25.6x10 μm. RESULTS – 3D MRI of the human kidneys perfused with CF revealed punctate spots of signal darkening (Fig. 1 A and C). Each dark spot represents a single glomerulus and is caused by the accumulation of the superparamagnetic CF in the glomerular basement membrane. The control kidney showed no such spots (Fig. 1 B). The specific binding of CF to the glomerulus was confirmed with immunofluorescence microscopy (Fig. 1 D and E) and electron microscopy (data not shown). Our algorithm identified and labeled glomeruli in the MRI datasets of CF-inoculated kidneys (Fig. 1D). In this figure, glomeruli identified by the algorithm are assigned an arbitrary color for the purpose of distinguishing neighboring glomeruli from one another. Counting (Nglom) of these identified spots yielded a count of 772,922 glomeruli for the kidney from the male, and 328,181 and 702,506 for the two kidneys from the females. Based of the number of voxels composing each identified glomerular region we report glomerular volumes of 8.0x10 ± 4.28x10 μm for the kidney from the male, and 6.9x10 ± 3.9x10 μm and 6.8x10 ± 2.9x10 μm for the two kidneys from the females. MRI-based measurements of Nglom and Vglom are consistent with histological measurements reported in the literature (8). This MRI-based technique for measuring Nglom and Vglom in human kidneys also allows for assessment of the intra-renal glomerular volume distribution (an example of which is shown in Fig. 2). DISCUSSION – Here we demonstrated that human glomeruli may be labeled with the CF and subsequently counted and measured with MRI. Immunofluorescence confirmed that CF binds specifically to the glomerulus and T2-weighted MRI confirmed that the labeled glomeruli are MRIdetectable. We further measured the apparent glomerular volume distribution which is undetectable by other techniques and may be important for intra-renal physiology and diagnostics. We have established the accuracy of the MRI-based method in rats using the standard disector/fractionator method for validation (4), though histological validation of Nglom and Vglom is still pending in this human study. An advantage of CF as a contrast agent is that ferritin can be made recombinantly (9), potentially lowering the toxicity and opening the possibility of use in vivo. Conclusions These results, along with previous in vivo detection of glomeruli and counts made in the rat, suggest the possibility of counting glomeruli in the clinic. Refs: (1) Brenner et al. Am J Hypertens 1988 (2) Puelles et al. Nephrol Dial Trans 2012 (3) Bertram et al. Cell and Tiss Res 1992 (4) Beeman et al. AJP Renal 2011 (5) Bennett, et al. MRM 2008 (6) Heilmann et al. Nephrol Dial Trans 2012 (7) Danon et al. J Ultrastruct Res 1972 (8) Nyengaard et al. Anat Rec 1992 (9) Uchida et al. MRM 2008 Fig. 2 Histogram of apparent glomerular volume distribution of a CF-inoculated kidney from a human male. Since the MRI-based method for counting glomeruli measures every labeled glomerulus in the kidney, this new method presents a unique opportunity to assess the distribution of glomeruli defined by their size. The average ± the standard deviation of glomerular sizes measured in this kidney was 8.0x10 ± 4.28x10 μm. Fig. 1 MRI of a CF-labeled human kidney reveals punctate dark spots throughout the organ. Each spot represents a single glomerulus (A and C). A control kidney showed no such spots (B). Immunofluorescence confirmed the accumulation of CF (red) in glomeruli of CF inoculated kidneys (D). Naive control glomeruli remained clear of CFrelated immunofluorescence (E). Each glomerulus may be identified and counted in the entire kidney (F).


The professional and public life of John Dewey (1859-1952) is recorded in a considerable body of writing' that testifies to the close interpenetration of his political, social, philosophical, and educational thought during a distinguished and influential career of almost three quarters of a century. Depending on his involvement in the troubles of the day, Dewey has been labeled a misguided idealist who could point out problems but not find solutions to them. A number of criticisms that have been directed against John Dewey's social and political theory reveal a general misunderstanding of his intent. Notables such as Richard Hofstadter, Christopher Lasch, Morton White, and Reinhold Niebuhr have at various times penned objections to what they have labeled Dewey's "methodolatry," "presentism," and "intellectualism." Even within the pragmatic camp we find Morton White's charge of "formalism" accepted without question; in one of his recent works, H. S. Thayer proclaimed loudly: "Dewey is able to suggest how problems are to be encountered and resolved but not what the solutions are or should be. The temptation has been to search Dewey's writings for an answer to moral difficulties or intellectual doubts."2 Clearly Dewey does not offer us final or settled solutions (his theory of instrumentalism was geared toward drawing up plans or ideas that would later be tested and reevaluated in the light of observed experience) but this is not the issue; at various times in his long and noted career, he thought seriously and deeply about many difficult problems, and in so doing provided his followers with answers to some of them. His social and political activities were a lived extension and thought-provoking manifestation of his theorizing. From the First World War to the advent of World War II-a period during which he was actively involved in causes to promote peace and social


The third article "Chitosomes: novel chitosan-containing liposomes with antifungal activity against Candida albicans" is unpublished data in should not yet be published in munin


1. The phenomenon Abstract Sea level oscillations are the superposition of many contributions, the main ones being astronomic and meteorolog- ical low-frequency tides. In the Ligurian Sea meteo-tide components, being most ample than astronomic fluctuations, drive water exchange in harbours. The present note shows the first results on the port of Genoa concerning a coheren- cy study between atmospheric variation and corresponding sea level adjustment (meteorological tide). The Newton- ian forecasting method of meteorological tides is based on measurements of time elapsing between barometric sea level unbalance (∆g) and its meteorological tide compensation (inverse barometer component). Meteorological tide component is independent of the Earth-Moon-Sun gravitational relationships, and parameters related to the shifted water mass are too many to describe the phenomenon analytically (basin topography, barometric strength position and time, chemical water quality, off-shore sea circulation, etc.). Hence meteorological tide cannot be accurately foreseen by atmospheric pressure measurements only. A gravimeter can detect the geodetic imbalance starting time and a tide-gauge can detect the Newtonian compensation (tide wave) coming time. The difference between these two times is the meteorological tide delay. An opportune statistic of this delay provides an experimental law typical for each harbour to forecast the meteo-tide compensation wave delay. This paper describes the methodological proce- dure adopted and the first evidences of the phenomenon in Genoa harbour.


David Moore graduated from Birmingham University, qualifying in 1979. After house jobs, he trained as a general practitioner, with a year spent as a trainee in Droitwich. He then travelled extensively in Australia, where he worked …


Radiologic examination of the chest in patients with or suspected of bronchial carcinoma remains to play a key role in tumour detection and the subsequent management of these patients. As no uniformity exists about the type(s) of radiologic investigation of the chest, an inquiry was held among the radiologic departments of all major hospitals in the Netherlands in 1980. The results are discussed.


The administration of cooling water boluses or flushing of pressure chambers in health care is typically done manually by a controlled infusion pressure cuff. A rubber balloon is used to increase the pressure in the cuff space, which acts on the infusion bag with the required pressure. We aimed to improve and automate this operation. The objective of this work was to design and implement a prototype system that would allow the user to maintain a set pressure in the infusion pressure cuff while being able to detect that the infusion bag is running out of solution. Three solutions were proposed that use different mechanisms to pressurize the contents of the infusion bag. The selected solution involves the use of a torque stepper motor that compresses the infusion bag, thereby providing pressure to displace the solution. The proposed solution was implemented in the form of a prototype and laboratory tested. The result is a working prototype of a device that can maintain a user-set pressure in the infusion set with sufficient accuracy and is equipped with an alarm in case it runs out of solution.


When a digital camera is instructed to photograph a snap shot during a video image recording period, photographed still images are saved in a save recording area (7a) in a frame buffer (7). A video image and a still image currently being shot are displayed on a display (9) in parallel to allow the user to confirm the details of the snap shot, while a video image is continuously recorded during the save operation. After the video image processing, still images are processed in an image correction circuit (4). The frame buffer (7) is provided with a plurality of frame recording areas that are commonly used for video image processing and still image processing. In normal video image processing, these areas are used cyclically; when a still image is shot, any of the areas is used, and thereafter the remaining areas are used for video images cyclically. Whereby, recording functions for video images and still images are improved at low costs, a snap shot is easy to photograph, and a product size is not increased.


The high-temperature tunnel at Buren mouth - kongur Hydropower in West Kunlun Mountains of Xinjiang, China exist significant temperature differences phenomenon, which affects the stability of the shotcrete layer in tunnel. Combining with on-site engineering practice, the insulation heating device is designed. The laboratory splitting tensile strength test is carried out on polyester concrete, polypropylene concrete, polyacrylonitrile concrete and ordinary concrete with thermal heating device at 25°C-90°C. The splitting tensile strength changes of concretes affected by temperature difference are analyzed. The results supply a directly guidance to the design of the concrete sprayed layer structure of high-temperature tunnel.


Japanese houses have elevated thier eaves (Noki) with the passage of time, and the side has gradually become visible easily. The writer tried to classify the house type according to front side form, which is facing to the frontal space (Niwa) and exposed mostly.The writer surveyed the houses in autumn 1972 at Kasano, Yamamotomachi, Miyagi prefecture, one of small settlements on sand dune.From the observation on the front side form of all houses in this settlement, 16 elements of the front side form were picked up. The elements (1) to (16) are arranged left to right on the front. The surveyed hoases have some of these elements, and according to their elements, they are denoted by the column of 16 plus or minus signs (Table 1). These columns are typological basis.Tere are so many types in this way. Terefore some elements are selected for easy typifying. In Kasano, the writer selected 6 elements, and gave 18 types. The columns of 6 plus or minus signs are transformed to alphabetical denomination A to O (Fig. 4).The front side, the most open side of the houses, is sheltered by window or door. We can add the window or door materials such as Amado, Garasudo, Sasshi etc. to the elements of the front side form.Further, we can use not only actual front side form but also of the former house plan. Thus, we can compare the actual houses with the former houses recorded in the same settlement. The writer compared those of 1972 and 1970 (fig 5), and recognized that 28.5% of all houses in this settlement changed among A to O types.


This investigation of white-collar workers ( n = 201) in Swedish industrial environments focused on an empirical examination of the relationships between work with visual display units (VDUs), psychosocial factors (skill discretion, appraised work load, job satisfaction), physical work load and musculoskeletal shoulder symptoms. This cross-sectional study was based upon questionnaire surveys carried out at industrial companies. The prevalence of shoulder symptoms during the previous year was 39%. Nearly one-half of the participants reported that they used a VDU for at least 4 h/day ('high VDU use'). High VDU use was related to increased Prevalence Odds Ratio (POR) for shoulder symptoms. After adjustment for physical work load, significant PORs were found in groups with high VDU use in combination with low job satisfaction (POR = 4.8) or high appraised work load (POR = 3.5), compared to groups with low VDU use in combination with high job satisfaction or low work load (reference groups).


The bullseye structure is a classic nano-optical structure. This article designs a new bullseye structure with coaxial nano-pillars. We used the time-domain finite difference method (FDTD) to study the EOT of the structure. Studies show that the radius and height of the column have a significant impact on the transmission characteristics. The proper choice of the radius and height of the column will support the maximum transmission intensity. In addition, the bullseye structure has a higher sensitivity to the environmental refractive index. Theoretical analyses show that the enhancement transmission effect of the structure is caused by the interaction between the local surface plasmon and the surface plasmon polarization. This provides a new idea for the development and application of nano-photonic components.


Introduction - Mark Gottdiener PART ONE: HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES The Sense of Crisis - Eric Monkkonen A Historian's Point of View Where Has the Urban Crisis Gone - Alexander Ganz How Boston and Other Large Cities Have Stemmed Economic Decline PART TWO: CASE STUDIES Local Control of Fiscal Stress - John Matzer, Jr Urban Populism, Fiscal Crisis, and the New Political Economy - Todd Swanstrom Local Government and Fiscal Stress - Robert Stein, Elizabeth Sinclair, and Max Neiman An Exploration into Spending and Public Employment Decisions Electoral Coalitions, Minority Mayors, and the Contradictions in the Municipal Policy Agenda - Dennis R Judd PART THREE: THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES Structural Theories and Urban Fiscal Stress - Irene S Rubin and Herbert J Rubin Finance Capital and the City - Alberta M Sbragia Collective Responses to the Urban Crisis - Jeffrey R Henig Ideology and Mobilization The Crisis of Local Government in Great Britain - C G Pickvance An Interpretation Retrospect and Prospect in Urban Crisis Theory - Mark Gottdiener


A young man speaks into a microphone while a crowd of protesters in the background holds Mexican and American flags.
Hundreds of high school students from different schools in Arlington (Texas) participated in a protest march to demand the approval of immigration reform which would include legalization of millions of undocumented immigrants.


The acquisition of lightning parameters of transmission lines is the basis of lightning protection research, which can provide data support for the classification and identification of fault types and the "differentiation" lightning protection strategy of transmission lines. When lightning strokes to the transmission lines, due to the complex electromagnetic environment, lightning protection research lacks measured lightning parameters. Existing monitoring devices usually installed in the substations, due to the complex wiring of the substation, lightning overvoltage is subjected to complex reflection, and so the actual lightning parameters cannot be obtained accurately. Meanwhile, researchers are mostly focused on a single characteristic quantity on the feature extraction of lightning fault characteristic quantity, such as lightning overvoltage or lightning current on a specific phase wire. Lightning fault is a complex physical process, and it is difficult to fully reflect its characteristics only by a single physical quantity. Aiming at the above problems, a set of lightning multi-characteristic quantity monitoring system for transmission lines is established in this paper, which can monitor the voltage of the insulator string and the lightning grounding current of the transmission tower after lightning strokes to the transmission line.


The effects of temperature and time on the autooxidation of hemp seed oil and the effect of antioxidants on antioxidation ability of hemp seed oil were studied by Schaal experiment according to POV of hemp seed oil.The results showed that the POV of hemp seed oil was affected remarkably by temperature and time,and the effect of temperature was greater than that of time.The TBHQ had good antioxidation ability to hemp seed oil.TBHQ or BHA with isoascorbic acid or critic acid exhibited great antioxidation ability,the synergistic effect on the oil of critic acid was better than that of isoascorbic acid.When 0.02% TBHQ with 0.005% BHA and 0.01% critic acid or with 0.005%BHA and 0.01% isoascorbic acid was used in the oil,the shelf life of the oil could be prolonged from 4 months to 11~13 months at 20℃.