temperature increases above the glass temperature. In special cases they might diverge at some higher temperature liquid-liquid critical point, which will have the lambda transition form. In the behavior of intermediate liquids, then, the glass transition may not have much to do with correlation lengths at all. We reach this conclusion with the help of observations on the behavior of an interesting Non-Oxide (but also Non-Liquid) system, for which the thermodynamic character (an order-disorder transition) is known and understood, but which is also characterized by a strong glass transition when the ordering is arrested half way through the transition. The "big picture" for glassformers that emerges from these considerations, has strong implications for other non-oxide glasses, such as the ideally constrained chalcogenides 6 which prove to be "strong" liquids. It requires light scattering in silica glass fibers and pristine chalcogenide glass fibres, to decrease as the fictive temperature is lowered. Some supporting evidence, from observations on SiO2 core fibres of different fictive temperatures, is provided.


This paper gives a simple method to design the dynamic load rating of balls screw.This method simplifies the design course of restructuring the plain lather into NC.Meanwhile,it will prevent from premature failure analysis of the transmission components or critical surplus of intensity,which causes from unreasonable selection on the working condition parameter of balls screw.


As a powerful vector graphics editor,the CorelDRAW software has obvious advantages and potentialities in jewelry design drawings.The application of the CorelDRAW software in jewelry industry is simply introduced.The methods and skills of the CorelDRAW X4 texture filling tool for drawing cabochon or bead gemstones,wire and sandblasted effect of metal texture are introduced in detail.The proper texture styles for the appearance view of the gemstones with relevant colour parameters in the texture library are primarily summarized.The results show that the CorelDRAW X4 texture filling tool is being of plentiful texture styles and intuitionistic convenient operation,which could provide conveniences for the jewelry design drawings.


The article published in Vol.4 No.2 102-107, 2013 has been withdrawn by the authors for further revision. This paper will be re-submitted to IJCM after the authors revise it.


Introduction. When treating ocular myasthenia gravis (MG), the risk/benefit profile of corticosteroids is unclear, and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are not very effective. We examined the efficacy of topical naphazoline in the treatment of myasthenic blepharoptosis. Methods. Sixty MG patients with blepharoptosis (32 with ocular symptoms only and 28 with mild generalized symptoms) were enrolled in a multicenter open trial of topical naphazoline. The effects were reported by patients via a questionnaire and were also confirmed for each patient at the clinic. Results. Among 70 eyes of 60 patients, 20 eyes (28.6%) of 17 patients (28.3%) exhibited a marked response (full eye opening), and 24 eyes (34.3%) of 20 patients (33.3%) showed a good response (adequate but incomplete eye opening). Topical naphazoline was evaluated as useful in the treatment of myasthenic blepharoptosis by >70% of the patients. Conclusions. Topical naphazoline was found to be an effective supplementary symptomatic treatment for myasthenic blepharoptosis. Muscle Nerve 44: 41–44, 2011.


In a randomized double‐blind trial an intravenous injection of salbutamol (100 μg) was compared with an intravenous injection of aminophylline (250 mg) in 23 patients with acute exacerbations of asthma. Salbutamol (11 cases) and aminophylline (12 cases) produced a mean proportionate increase in FEV1 of 26% and 23% respectively. Blood gas pressures showed a trend to improvement with a mean rise in oxygen tension of 2 mm Hg (0·2 kPa) in the aminophylline group and of 6 mm Hg (0·8 kPa) in the salbutamol group. Electrocardiogram patterns also showed overall improvement, and mean decreases in pulse rate of 8 beats per minute and 2 beats per minute were noted in the aminophylline and salbutamol groups respectively. Differences in results did not reach conventional levels of significance and no serious side effects were noted. It was concluded that, in the doses and routes of administration compared, salbutamol was as effective as aminophylline.


Despite the wealth of research on the mid-sixteenth-century Protestant martyrologies of John Foxe, Jean Crespin, and others, Heinrich Pantaleon?s Martyrvm historia (1563) has been comparatively overlooked. This article, however, maintains that Pantaleon?s martyrology was important. Unlike other Protestant martyrologists, Pantaleon could read not only classical languages but also Dutch, German, and Italian. Pantaleon drew on vernacular martyrologies and translated the material for incorporation into his own Latin text, making this material accessible to the learned across Europe, and creating a more cohesive group of international Protestant martyrs. An example of this effect is provided by Foxe?s use of Pantaleon?s accounts of the German and Italian martyrs, which is explored fully here.


Legal formalism is apt to actuate an insular and inflexible understanding of law,disregarding the regularized value and meaning hidden under items and words.The approach to overcoming legal formalism is deciphering law by active solution in judicial practice.Judicial activist,nearer to justice,not letter-bound and surpassing law-makers' design,pays much less attention to precedent and occupies much more independent spirit in reality.Nevertheless,this doesn't indicate legal expansionism,and making a strong point on act harmfulness to society doesn't do heavy penalty."Activism" is not against the principle of nomography,but requires alternatively explaining and applying legalism with actuality,without formalism,according to the regularized purpose and case essentiality based on enactment.


Advancements in micro-manufacturing technology have enabled the development of small scale propulsion and power systems. With regards to meso-propulsion the development of millimeter scale hydrogen peroxide thrusters has the potential to displace hydrazine for monopropellant applications due to its ease of use, lower safety overhead, and higher density impulse. To examine the effect of geometry and inlet conditions on decomposition efficiency in channel reactors millimeter-scale single channel catalyst beds made of pure silver (Ag) are developed and decomposition efficiencies measured in relation to various aspect ratios while constraining flow rates. A set characteristic length and set initial temperatures allow for the consistent characterization of Reynolds number in relation to efficiencies. Decomposition efficiencies in terms of oxygen production rate were measured using an in-situ micro-gas chromatography system.


As The International Journal of Experimental Diabetes Research concludes its third year of publication, we wish to thank contributing authors, reviewers, as well as the publisher Taylor and Francis for making this publication a successful newcomer in the arena of diabetes research. As is well known to scientists and clinicians alike, and increasingly to the general public, the epidemics of diabetes and obesity are upon us and the prospects for the future look bleak. This modern plague is and will be associated with an increasing number of suffering patients and with increasing economic pressure on governmental and private health care delivery organizations and on society as a whole. There is no immediate remedy for these epidemics. Rather, we are faced with long-term prospectives of intensifying primary and secondary prevention of Type 2 diabetes and of the closely related risk factor posed by obesity. Last but not least, intensified basic research into risk factors, biochemical, molecular, and genetic predispositions to the development of diabetic and related disorders will be paramount. Facing the serious prospects of these interrelated global epidemics, the editorial board of The International Journal of Experimental Diabetes Research has decided to expand its scope, by inviting publications on basic obesity research and on its interrelationships with diabetes research. To reflect this expansion of the scope of the Journal, we have decided to rename it EXPERIMENTAL DIABESITY RESEARCH, starting with the first issue of 2003. Furthermore, with the increasing submission of high quality contributions, the Journal shall publish six issues per year, hopefully starting from 2004. With the increasing scientific coverage of the renamed journal, we will announce in its first issue the expanded editorial board to include international experts in the field of obesity research. We hope that this widening horizon of the Journal will provide an efficient and effective vehicle in distributing high quality research relevant to the understanding and eventually a curtailment of the global epidemic of "diabesity."


Using an adaptive strategy which enables the study of quenched disordered system via the density-matrix renormalization-group method, we compute the various ground-state spin-spin correlation measures of the spin-1 / 2 antiferromagnetic Heisenberg chain with random coupling constants, namely, the mean values of the bulk and of the end-to-end correlations, the typical value of the bulk correlations, and the distribution of the bulk correlations. Our results are in agreement with the predictions of the strong-disorder renormalization-group method. We do not find any hint of logarithmic corrections either in the bulk average correlations, which were recently reported by Shu et al . [Phys. Rev. B. 94 , 174442, (2016)], or in the end-to-end average correlations. We report the existence of a logarithmic correction on the end-to-end correlations of the clean chain. Finally, we have determined that the distribution of the bulk correlations, when properly rescaled by an associated Lyapunov exponent, is a narrow and universal (disorder-independent) probability function.


The Opportunistic Large Array (OLA) is one type of cooperative transmission, which provides fast and reliable broadcasts and unicasts in multi-hop networks. While the existing literature on OLAs assumes one-shot transmission with a single packet, we analyze multi-packet OLA transmission within a single flow along strip-shaped networks or OLA-based cooperative routes. When multiple packets are transmitted from the same source using the same channel before the previous packet has cleared the network, which is called spatial pipelining, intra-flow interference is produced by OLAs transmitting co-channel packets. Using the continuum assumption (approximated by high density networks), the authors optimize the throughput. This paper theoretically shows spatial pipelining over strip networks is always feasible for path loss exponent α≥2, which is not true for disk-shaped networks. Moreover, the impacts of system parameters are analyzed, and the upper bound of the optimal packet spacing (the lower bound of the optimal throughput) is derived. Also, spatial pipelining in finite networks is studied with numerical results, which confirm the theoretical analysis.


Background: Intestinal obstruction is a common cause of childhood surgical emergency in the developing countries with considerable morbidity and mortality. Objectives: To assess the magnitude, pattern and management outcomes of intestinal obstructionin children presenting to a General Surgical Unit at a rural setup, in Western Sudan. Patients and Methods: The clinical records of all children below 15 years of age admitted to the University General Surgical Unit at El Obeid Teaching Hospital, in Western Sudan with the diagnosis of intestinal obstruction during the period from 2006 to 2007 were retrospectively reviewed. The mean age, gender, causes of obstruction and management outcomes were studied and analyzed. Results: There were 72patients.  48 were males (66.7%). Neonates and infants were 70% of patients. Hirschsprung's disease, intussusception, obstructed hernias and ano-rectal anomalies accounted for 21.8%, 19.4%, 16.7% and 13.9% respectively. Less common causes were pyloric stenosis 8.3% andgut atresia 6.9%. Lymphoma, adhesions, peritonitis and faecal impaction were 2% each. The overall mortality rate was 13.9%. Conclusions: The main causes of childhood intestinal obstruction at Western Sudanwere congenital anomalies in neonates, intussusception in infants and obstructed hernias in elder children. The management was associated with high mortality due to poor hospital facilities and late presentations resulting in bowel ischaemia. Key words: Congenital anomalies, intussusception, obstructed hernias, gut atresia.


The aim of the study is to capture the most relevant aspects regarding the functioning of offshore centres and tax havens, focusing in particular on the most important conceptual and instrumental clarifications. There are several angles to approach the phenomenon of tax evasion that are pointed out in this article, alongside a comparison of various analytical perspectives and, based on these, a number of judgments regarding their (in)opportunity are issued. In order to make a consistent description of the tax havens, it is necessary to clarify the fundamentals, the specific determinants and the factors without which these structures could not exist in the first place, the main hypothesis being that the boundary between tax arbitration and tax evasion is highly ambiguous and this is the major rationale why polemics on this topic arise. The goal is to present as objectively as possible these offshore centres and tax havens activities, which are paramount financial centres, irrespective of the criticism made by those who deem them unfair, immoral or even evil, as well as dangerous. This article focuses on tax planning and tax arbitration practices (e.g., "treaty shopping"), concluding with a collection of rationales for a balanced view on fiscal competition.


Key architectural elements of the web, namely, HTTP, URL and HTML enable a very simple user model of the web based on hyperlinks. While this model allows browser-based access to a wide array of online content and resources, the limitations in user experience provided in this interaction model are increasingly apparent. Two decades after the birth of the web, new technologies such as Rich Internet Application, AJAX, and Web 2.0 seek to improve web user interfaces, but in general their main benefit is to individual server sites. Little advancement has been made to advance the user model of the web at a macro level where the interaction is driven not by the server but by the user. This paper proposes a novel approach to scientific study of the Web (Web science) where the traditional relationship between users and servers is inverted, so that web services are configured and integrated across multiple servers/sites in order to address the needs of users. The resulting interaction paradigm is referred to here as smart interaction. The Smart interaction approach is quite different from the current hyperlink-oriented user model driven from the perspective of the server side. Smart interactions require new web infrastructure (e.g., runtime components) and new patterns of services and resource interactions and compositions. A Complementary area of research is smart services; where the focus is on abstracting these web infrastructures and service interaction patterns into appropriate web models and algorithms. The combination of smart interaction and smart services will then result in a smart internet where user experience is enhanced, and user productivity unleashed, by passing control back to users.


Objective: This study evaluates the association between matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) and its tissue inhibitor, TIMP-2, with the phenotypic characteristics of resistant hypertension subjects. Design and method: A total of 58 RH patients and 101 mild to moderate hypertensive (HT) patients were included. Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), BMI and body composition (lean mass and fat mass), renal damage (microalbuminuria), BP, and plasma levels of MMP-2, TIMP-2, and aldosterone were analyzed. Statistical analysis: The groups were compared by the Student's t test or Mann-Whitney according to data distribution. A significance level of alpha = 0.05 was adopted. Results: RH patients had higher LVMI [112.2 g/m2 (88.5 - 135) vs. 100.1 g/m2 (86.8 - 119.4); p = 0.03], microalbuminuria [16.8 mg/g (9 – 66.4) vs. 5.9 mg/g (4.1 – 12.9); p < 0.001], aldosterone [92.8 pg / ml (48 – 176.2) vs. 59.9 pg/ml (37.7 – 91.4); p = 0.002], BP [149 mmHg (134 – 155.5) vs. 140 mmHg (133 -151.2); p = 0.046], BMI [31.2 kg/m2 (27 – 35.4) vs. 27.6 kg/m2 (24.8 – 32.1); p = 0.001], FM (fat mass) [25.9 kg (18.7 – 34.1) vs. 19.9 kg (14.7 – 27.6); p = 0.002], and TIMP-2 levels [91.3 ng/ml (80.2 – 106.3)vs. 567.8 ng/ml (54.7 – 87.3); p < 0.001] compared to HT. On the other hand, patients with HT had increased MMP2 / TIMP2 ratio [130.9 (82.5 – 211.9) vs. 82.7 (65.3 – 138.8); p = 0.001] compared to RH patients. Conclusions: As expected, RH had a worse CV condition related to HT patients. Nonetheless, this group showed significantly higher levels of TIMP-2, suggesting the presence of a protective factor in front of the unfavorable clinical and metabolic profile of these patients.


Food and intercultural narratives at school: an autobiographical approach to knowing the other Is the clash of civilizations, or that of racism, the paradigm that best describes the intercultural dynamics that characterize the cultural horizon of young people today? The article addresses this question based on the research conducted between 2012 and 2016 in four secondary schools in Piedmont by researchers at the University of Gastronomic Sciences. The research looked at adolescents and dealt with the topic of "knowing the Other" through the collection and patrimonialisation of life stories about food. Results indicate an educational model that stimulates young people to extend their knowledge of cultural diversity, and overcome the considerable indifference towards the discovery of the Other that appears to characterize the young people today.


Basalts cored from Sites 100 and 105 are of particular interest as they occur beneath sedimentary rocks of early Mesozoic age. If these are true basement rocks, they must represent some of the oldest sea floor material so far sampled, and may provide important clues to volcanic processes along the mid-Atlantic Ridge during early stages of the opening of the ocean basin. On the other hand, if the basalts are intrusive into the sedimentary rocks, as some of the evidence suggests, they may conceal an older portion of the stratigraphic record which is of unknown duration. Also, these two basalt cores are among the longest and most complete of those so far recovered in the DSDP program, so they provide an opportunity to observe the depth and degree of alteration and other textural and mineralogical variations to an extent not previously possible.


William T. Mahle, Craig A. Sable, Paul G. Matherne, J. William Gaynor and Michael Association Children and Adolescents : A Science Advisory From the American Heart Key Concepts in the Evaluation of Screening Approaches for Heart Disease in ISSN: 1524-4539 Copyright © 2012 American Heart Association. All rights reserved. Print ISSN: 0009-7322. Online 72514 Circulation is published by the American Heart Association. 7272 Greenville Avenue, Dallas, TX published online April 30, 2012 Circulation http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/early/2012/04/30/CIR.0b013e3182579f25.citation located on the World Wide Web at: The online version of this article, along with updated information and services, is


It has been proven that various languages express different emotions even though they might be translated the same word in the same way. Nowadays, more than ever we are living in a world where the distance between time and space has been made shortened due to the frequent breakthrough in technology. However, due to the fact that we find ourselves working around the globe and encountering with variety of cultures, we face some cross-cultural issues. Moreover, language is not a unique problem which we may face in that situation, but there are certain barriers within the translation and our understanding of the language that play no small part in communication. Thus, the translation work is accepted as an art because of facing challenges during the process and at the same time an honorable job.


Advertisement plays an important role in accelerating enterprise development and promoting competitive power of enterprise in the market. However, it can't be ignored that false advertisement do great harm to our society. Referred to foreign experience and based on our country's reality, it will be of great benefit to the sustainable development of advertising and economics by establishing the legal standard of false advertisement.


There is an increasing prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and to date, no effective treatment has been developed and the exact etiology of this disease remains unknown. Nevertheless, a growing number of proteomic and lipidomic studies have identified certain proteins and lipids which can be used successfully in patients to improve diagnoses and monitoring of treatment.


AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
To explore published literature that describes what is known about the role of informal caregivers as they manage medications for older adults and/or people living with dementia residing in the community.

BACKGROUND
The number of informal caregivers of older adults, including people living with dementia, is growing worldwide. Good medication management by informal caregivers contributes to improved health outcomes and reduced institutionalisations for the care recipient; however, little is known about this domain of care.

DESIGN
Narrative review.

METHODS
A literature search was conducted to identify relevant research articles written in English between January 2000-April 2013, sourced from online database searches using multiple keywords, reviewing reference lists and citations of key articles and Internet searches. Articles were included if they described informal caregiver medication management for older adults and/or people living with dementia.

RESULTS
Ten articles were found that described this role from the perspective of the informal caregiver. The evidence suggests that this role is complex and is often made more difficult because of increasing medication regimen complexities, aspects of the relationship between the caregiver and the care recipient, healthcare system practices and a lack of information and/or training available to the informal caregiver, especially when caring for people living with dementia.

CONCLUSION
Responsibility for managing medications for older adults and/or people living with dementia in the community often falls to informal caregivers. More information resources are required for this role, which requires specific medication management skills and knowledge and is further complicated by the cognitive decline of the care recipient.

RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE
Informal caregivers are often expected to manage medications in a safe and effective manner for their older care recipient, who may also have cognitive impairment. Nurses, who may be in frequent contact with community-living older adults/people living with dementia, can be an important source of information, training and support for informal caregivers.


Earth construction techniques have been used for over 9000 years, which highlights the antiquity of raw earth so it is really a very old material used in manmade buildings. Like cement in concrete, clay acts as a binder for all different sized particles into the loamin earth. This raw material can be found in every territory and that is why a large number of old buildings are made with this materialearth and spread on all continents.


In this lecture some of the indirect methods for nuclear astrophysics that can be applied to extract reaction rates for H‐burning in stars are treated. Instead of reviewing all methods, I chose for exemplification four different experiments of our Texas A&M group, each involving a different method, but all related to the study of the proton rich nucleus 23Al. They involve the use of radioactive nuclear beams. I will describe the use of one‐nucleon transfer reactions (the ANC method), breakup reactions at intermediate energies, β‐decay and β‐delayed proton‐decay to extract nuclear structure information that is then used for nuclear astrophysics. I will show the specificities of each method, talk about their complementarities and redundancies.


Tail tube structural part is a very important part of the aircraft,using aluminum alloy isothermal forming instead of the traditional steel workpiece machining could effectively improve material utilization and reduce the production cost.By analyzing the shape feature,two steps forming method,the integrated ribs being anti-extrusion and the bulge being lateral extrusion was put forward.The lateral extrusion forming was key,and by numerical simulation,the flow direction,rate and equivalent strain changes of metal particle in the lateral extrusion were analyzed.The results show that when forming,the metal particle flow lines is clear and complete;metal flow velocity is uniform and structured;the rib equivalent strain can enhance the performance,and the strain in the tube wall is small without influence on the tube performance.Finally,the experiment is confirmed with the simulation results and the feasibility of the process is further demonstrated.


It is of great value to build an epidemic model for network hot topic, However, the existing epidemic models do not distinguish between the topic type and the probability of different users, To this end, a content-based network hot topic propagation model is introduced in this paper, The probability of a single user is defined based on the user topic sensitivity, Content classification of fusion topics, User propagation probability, Factors such as user re-entry probability, Learn from the basic idea of SIRS model, The topic propagation model (CSIRS) is constructed in the scale-free network, Small world network, Random network and Experiments on real social networks, The experimental results show that the CSIRS model can not only show the propagation model of general epidemic dynamics model, Also able to show a number of fluctuations, a small range of long spread, The rapid rise and decline of social network hot topics such as the spread of the model. The model provides a new research idea for the construction of the network structure and the topic content attributes.


We have studied the process to prepare the ultrafine TiO2 powders by a diffusion flame reactor, theoretically/experimentally. In model equations, the mass balance of TiCl4 and the aerosol dynamic equation were considered. The effects. of TiCl4 chemical reaction, generation and coagulation of TiO2 particles were inclued in the aerosol dynamic equation. The TiO2 particle size increases, as the flame temperature and the inlet TiCl4 concentration increase of as the total gas flow rate decreases. The structure of TiO2 particles in experiments was basically in anafase phase and amount of rutile phase in TiO2 particles incerases as the maximum temperature increases, or as the total gas flow rate decreases. However, the amount of rutile phase in TiO2 particles was almost indepentdent of the inlet TiCl4 concentration. The specific area of TiO2 particles increases, as the flame temperature decreases.


The Imperial Clevite Information Center functions as a corporate department in an industrial company, serving the information needs not only of the research and development staff but also of corporate and division personnal. The budgeting for this Center is described.


This paper deals with the stability and positivity analysis of polynomial-fuzzy-model-based (PFMB) control systems with time delay, which is formed by a polynomial fuzzy model and a polynomial fuzzy controller connected in a closed loop, under imperfect premise matching. To improve the design and realization flexibility, the polynomial fuzzy model and the polynomial fuzzy controller are allowed to have their own set of premise membership functions. A sum-of-squares-based stability analysis approach using the Lyapunov stability theory is employed to investigate the positivity and stability of the PFMB control systems and synthesize the polynomial fuzzy controller. In order to relax the stability results, we propose two methods: first, membership functions are considered as symbolic variables in the stability analysis; and second, the property of the membership functions and the boundary information of the membership functions are considered in the stability analysis. A simulation example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.


Received 12May 2020 Revised 24 June 2020 Accepted 26 June 2020 Available online 31August 2020 The homogenizer is vital equipment in numerous production sectors such as in food processing, animal feed processing, chemical and pharmaceutical industries, waste recycling and mineral and allied industries. In this work, a multi-purpose homogenizer suitable for the mixing of different materials (animal and fish feeds, coal fuel, foundry sand etc) was designed; fabricated and the performance of the machine evaluated. The cost is about #205,000.00.


The author analyzes the functioning of small enterprise structures, factors, and also the basic conditions providing their sustainable development is analyzed.


Parenting pattern is a treatment of parents in terms of educating children, which includes a variety of behaviors to influence the behavior of the child. In today's society there is still a phenomenon where parents use violence to punish children, and is often interpreted as an educational punishment.There are still parents who do not realize that educating with violence can have a psychological impact on the child and potentially create problematic behaviors, trauma experiences to severe psychological disorders. The purpose of this study is to conduct psychometric tests on measuring instruments namely, Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire (PSDQ). Psdq measuring instrument used is the result of adaptation from Riany (2018) so it is already in the form of Indonesian language and indeed for use in Indonesia. This research uses quantitative method with sampling technique which is purposive sampling. The content validity test is conducted using an expert test of the statements in the questionnaire. The results of the evaluation from experts state that the whole item can be used without revision. The number of participants involved as many as 2153 participants consisting of father / mother. Research sites include Jakarta, Bandung, and Purwokerto. Reliability tests performed using internal consistency coefficient tests with Cronbach's alpha.. The results showed that 3 dimensions (permissive, authoritative, and authoritarian) in PSDQ proved to be valid and reliable. Total items in PSDQ measurement now 31 items, that means drop 1 item.


The invention relates to a method and device for electronically protecting items (14) against theft. Said device consists of a security element (1) which is integrated into the item (14) and is excited within a given security area by an interrogation field of a transmitting device to generate a characteristic signal, wherein a receiver device triggers an alarm upon recognition of the characteristic signal. The invention has the aim of providing a method and a device enabling protection of the supply of items (14) made from varying materials. This is done by providing a shape-retaining security element and/or a shape-retaining security element enclosed by shape-retaining casing (3), and by embedding or integrating said device in the item during manufacturing.


Personalized therapy planning remains a significant challenge in advanced colorectal cancer care, despite extensive research on prognostic and predictive markers. A strong correlation of sarcopenia or overall body composition and survival has been described. Here, we explore whether automated assessment of body composition and liver metastases from standard of care CT images can add to clinical parameters in personalized survival risk prognostication.


The present investigation - intervention of qualitative character- descriptive account to the link build between a patient diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder and a therapist from a psychoanalytic perspective. Starting from a presentation of a clinic case where it will be done an exposition of the characteristics of autism in the patient, the qualities of the therapist and the characteristics of the link between the patient and the therapist. likewise, the influence of extern factors as they are the escolar and familiar context that intervene in the mental function of the patient, the therapist and the construction of the link between them. finally, questions are raised and possible proposals in front of the comprehension of the particularities of the patient and the network intervention that had to be done around the needs of the patient.


This article examines the question of whether current attitudes about social issues can be traced to early background characteristics of older persons. The data come from the 1977 NORC General Social Survey and are based on the responses of those 60+. Dependent variables include composite measures of attitudes about abortion, sexual morality, tolerance, and race relations. The effects of relative family income at age 16, region of residence at age 16, and type of community of residence at age 16 are analyzed after controlling the effects of current socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. The significant increments in explained variance produced by the inclusion of the long-term antecedent variables demonstrate the value of examining background characteristics at earlier life stages as a source of current attitudinal differences among older persons.


Generally, programs that are based on games and used for learning are called as the form of educational games. Basically, because of the commonality of games, computer games and educational games use much the same technology and have similar functions. Computer games are designed mainly for leisure purposes, but educational games are designed for the transfer of knowledge. However, due to the commonality of games, each program has both educational and entertainment aspects. Game-based learning promotes experiential learning by making the content of learning fun like a game and by creating a virtual learning environment through motivation. Many researchers believe that learners can participate in learning more thoroughly by enjoying learning as a game. In this paper, author presents the noble ideas about the game based learning (GBL) management system for distance learning.


The present invention provides a power control method and apparatus and the arc welding system for electric arc welding. The power supply device for arc welding according to an embodiment comprises a constrained short-circuit opening means and re-execution unit. When the welding current is constrained short-circuit opening unit consumption between the electrode and the workpiece in a short-circuit state change amount of the welding voltage rise becomes less than a predetermined threshold value at a predetermined decrease in the welding current during a short circuit condition to an open execution for constrained short-circuit opening process. Then the execution unit so that the short-circuit opening unit performs the constrained constrained short-circuit opening process is performed again after a short circuit opening process constraints.


The present work explores the feasibility of utilizing Qualcomm Technologies' existing in-display piezoelectric polymer technology for implementing proximity and gesture sensing applications in smartphones. A finite element analysis (FEA) model was developed, including a full transducer with thin film transistor (TFT), organic light-emitting diode (OLED) and cover glass (CG) stack with optional spacer and backerlayers. The model was validated by comparing the simulated and measured sound pressure level (SPL), in an air medium. Full optimization of the transducer stack was performed, identifying the coverage of the transducer relative to the CG width as the main parameter defining the output SPL performance. A novel segmented transducer approach was proposed, in which the location of transducer segments is designed based on the expected mode-shape of operation and allows for electrical reconfigurability for optimal performance at different frequencies. Increases in the output SPL of up to 17 dB at frequencies of operation close to 40 kHz were achieved as compared to the baseline transducer case. The Tx and Rx performance were also compared to industry standards, revealing comparable performance levels. An experimental demonstration, of an actual piezoelectric transducer adhered to a commercial CG, proved the approach feasible for pulse-echo detection and distance measurement when using a human hand as the reflector.


The massive data and complex information sources made it extremely difficult for agricultural geographical information system to be developed. By adopting XML to collect the multiple and complicated information sources, an urban modern agricultural geographical information system based on J2EE technology was put forward. This system is targeted for the government administrative department, production base, companies, cooperative association and farmers, setting up a decision support system, where inquiry, analysis and countermeasures are made. The applications of WebGIS, ajax, flex, dhtmlx, spring technology were also discussed. We analyzed the requirement of the urban modern agricultural geographical information system; we designed the architecture for this system, the database and the modules for detailed functions using iServer java technology. We also implemented a centralized data management, a common geographical information system and decision-making support functions; this system fulfilled the functions of data collection, data processing, data storage, data maintenance, statistical analysis, map browse, inquiry and retrieval, decision-making analysis.


The effect of nine monoalkyl esters of meso‐2,3‐dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) on 203Hg retention after a single i.p. dose was evaluated in 6–7 week‐old female albino rats. The monoesters were the monomethyl (MMDMS), monoethyl (MEDMS), mono‐n‐propyl (Mn‐PDMS), monoisopropyl (Mi‐PDMS), mono‐n‐butyl (Mn‐BDMS), monoisobutyl (Mi‐BDMS), mono‐n‐amyl (Mn‐ADMS), monoisoamyl (Mi‐ADMS) and mono‐n‐hexyl (Mn‐HDMS). Dimercaptosuccinic acid or one of the monoesters were administered at a dose of 0.25 mmol kg−1 body wt. twice, i.e. 30 min and 24 h after 203Hg administration. The whole body (WB) radioactivity was determined on the 2nd, 4th and 6th days. The radioactivity in the carcass (C) whole body without the gastrointestinal tract), liver (L), both kidneys (K) and brain (B) was determined 6 days after 203Hg administration. All treated animals had a significantly lower body burden of mercury than the controls. The reduction of 203Hg retention in WB and other body compartments was higher in animals treated with monoesters than in rats treated with DMSA. The relative effectiveness of the monoesters was dependent on the nature of the alkyl groups, the efficiency being higher in higher analogues. Maximum activity was attained with the C5 (Mn‐ADMS, Mi‐ADMS) and C6 (Mn‐HDMS) esters. These chelators reduced WB, C, L, K and B mercury retention by 90, 89, 76, 93 and 80%, respectively. Iso derivatives were more efficient than the normal isomers (Mi‐PDMS > Mn‐PDMS; Mi‐BDMS > Mn‐BDMS; Mi‐ADMS > Mn‐ADMS). The effect of all monoesters was higher in reducing kidney than liver mercury retention.


I'm pleased to represent the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in this volume. I will review the history of DMSO as recorded at the FDA, comment on its current status, and finally, from my prospective as a reviewer, offer some of my own observations and comments. Since 1963, when Dr. Stanley W. Jacob reported that DMSO penetrates skin rapidly, aids the transport of other drugs across biological membranes, has local analgesic activity, and decreases swelling and promotes healing of injured tissue: DMSO has attracted continuing pubic attention as a potential therapeutic agent in a variety of diseases. The first investigational new drug exemption (IND) for the study of DMSO in humans was filed with the FDA in 1963. Enormous interest in the drug developed rapidly and it began to be used widely, especially for the treatment of sprains, bruises, and minor burns. By late 1965, an estimated 100,000 patients had received the drug. However, no well-controlled studies were conducted to document clearly that the observed effects were actually caused by the drug. This widespread, uncontrolled use of DMSO was curtailed sharply in November 1965, when the FDA terminated all clinical studies of DMSO because of toxicological studies showing that the drug changed the refractive index of the lens of the eye in experimental animals. The agency's concern at the time was that visual damage might occur in humans exposed to the drug. A year later this policy was relaxed to permit clinical evaluation of DMSO I ' . . . in serious conditions, such as scleroderma, persistent herpes zoster, and severe rheumatoid arthritis, for which no satisfactory therapy is now available." In September 1968, the FDA published a further revision of its DMSO policy permitting topical application to the skin for no more than 14 days for treatment of less serious disabilities, such as acute musculoskeletal conditions [e.g., sprains, bursitis, and tendonitis). This was based on a toxicological study in humans that provided a reassuring result; that is. no evidence of eye toxicity associated with the short-term application of large doses to human volunteers. In light of the continued lack of evidence of eye damage in humans since that time, the FDA concluded that the regulation establishing specific requirements for clinical testing of DMSO in humans was no longer necessary, so it was revoked in May 1980. Since that time the regulations governing DMSO have been essentially the same as those regulating other investigational drug substances. However, in response to attempts by distributors to sell "not for medical use" DMSO to obvious medical users, the FDA has monitored DMSO distribution and shipments somewhat more closely than other IND drugs. Similarly, some INDs submitted by individual investigators have been thinly 1


Real-time speed is an important input for traffic control and management systems. However it cannot be measured directly by single-loop detectors, which have been used for decades and widely deployed. Dual-loop detectors can measure the speed but the number of them is insufficient to meet practical needs. Besides, expenses of deploying dual-loop detectors or upgrading single ones to dual are quite high. The researcher D.J. Dailey developed a Kalman filter based method. This method is considered and some improvements to it for practical applications are described. For the covering abstract see ITRD E134653.


Chinese travelers have become a priority market source and segment, particularly for resort vacationing, the rising star of the hospitality industry. Using survey data collected from recent resort visitors, the results show that the overall Chinese resort market is relatively homogeneous. The Post-1980s share similar resort preferences with prior generations, such as short stays, limited interest and engagement in onsite activities, and a strong emphasis on intangible hotel-related attributes. In explaining the unique Chinese resort market, the linkage between personal values and resort attribute preferences is investigated. The results suggest personal values associated with the Chinese traditional culture exert confounding influences on Chinese consumers' consumptive preference.


Wireless devices resorting to event-triggered communications have been proved to suffer critical privacy issues, due to the intrinsic leakage associated with radio-frequency (RF) emissions. In this paper, we move the attack frontier forward by proposing BrokenStrokes: an inexpensive, easy to implement, efficient, and effective attack able to detect the typing of a pre-defined keyword by only eavesdropping the communication channel used by the wireless keyboard. BrokenStrokes proves itself to be a particularly dreadful attack: it achieves its goal when the eavesdropping antenna is up to 15 meters from the target keyboard, regardless of the encryption scheme, the communication protocol, the presence of radio noise, and the presence of physical obstacles. While we detail the attack in three current scenarios and discuss its striking performance---its success probability exceeds 90%6 in normal operating conditions---, we also provide some suggestions on how to mitigate it. The data utilized in this paper have been released as open-source to allow practitioners, industries, and academia to verify our claims and use them as a basis for further developments.


The real-time dynamics of the Fermi-Hubbard model, driven out of equilibrium by quenching or ramping the interaction parameter, is studied within the framework of the nonequilibrium self-energy functional theory. A dynamical impurity approximation with a single auxiliary bath site is considered as a reference system, and the time-dependent hybridization is optimized as prescribed by the variational principle. The dynamical two-site approximation turns out to be useful to study the real-time dynamics on short and intermediate time scales. Depending on the strength of the interaction in the final state, two qualitatively different response regimes are observed. For both weak and strong couplings, qualitative agreement with previous results of nonequilibrium dynamical mean-field theory is found. The two regimes are sharply separated by a critical point at which the low-energy bath degree of freedom decouples in the course of time. We trace the dependence of the critical interaction of the dynamical Mott transition on the duration of the interaction ramp from sudden quenches to adiabatic dynamics and therewith link the dynamical to the equilibrium Mott transition.


Tilted Bragg grating refractometers have been subject to continuous interest in recent years [1]. They operate by diffracting a well-confined core mode into a discrete set of cladding [2] or plasmonic modes [3], whose properties are dependent upon an external refractive index. Traditionally these components have been fabricated in an optical fibre platform. However, recent work from the authors has demonstrated this concept in an optical planar platform [2-5]. The key advantages of these tilted planar Bragg gratings (TPBGs) include compact multiparameter sensing, signal multiplexing and the potential to seamlessly integrate operation with microfluidics. In addition, there is an increased level of design flexibility that continues to be explored; including waveguide-to-waveguide assisted coupling [5], controllability of cladding thickness, multi-waveguide arrangements and asymmetric waveguide positioning.


BACKGROUND
This study investigates the impact of enamel matrix derivative (EMD) proteins on the outcome of a minimally invasive surgical technique (MIST) for the treatment of intrabony defects.

METHODS
Thirty patients who presented with intrabony defects were randomly assigned to treatment with: 1) MIST plus EMD or 2) MIST alone. Probing depth (PD), position of the gingival margin (PGM), and relative clinical attachment level (RCAL) were evaluated at 3 and 6 months after treatment. Radiographs and markers in gingival crevicular fluid associated with periodontal regeneration were also evaluated.

RESULTS
Significant PD reductions, RCAL gains, and no changes in PGM were obtained at 3 and 6 months in both groups. Clinical and radiographic evaluations and levels of mediators of wound healing did not present differences between therapies at any time.

CONCLUSION
The use of EMD did not provide superior benefits on the outcome of the minimally invasive surgical approach for the treatment of intrabony defects.


Examination is a particularly important part of the students' whole learning process. Therefore, this paper designs and develops an online examination system. This paper studies an examination recommendation algorithm based on a machine learning neural network model. The algorithm can recommend problems for students according to students' error history, error prone, and knowledge poor problems. Experiments also show that the recommendation algorithm studied in this paper improves the recommendation effect compared with several other similar algorithms.


After running 400,000 km,burning out of the stator-coil leads in the AC traction motor of locomotives occurred in varying degrees.Cause of this kind of burning-out were inspected and analyzed in the aspects from operation,bending process,materials and securing method,and then,the cause was found and solving way was suggested.


Production processes are increasingly organized in international value-chain networks. The involved firms can be operating at arm's length or be vertically integrated. Both the incidence and the direction of integration (backward or forward in the value chain) depend on specific characteristics of the firms and their economic environment. We propose a simple model of vertical integration in a supplier-producer relationship that is rooted in the property-rights theory to learn about the determinants of forward versus backward integrations. Generally, the profitability and direction of integration depend on the relative investment intensity of the producer and the supplier so as to align investment incentives and maximize joint surplus. Moreover, the organizational form depends on the fixed costs of firm integration and the market environment in the input market as well as the relative importance of the specific input for the final output. These results are strongly confirmed in a large panel of worldwide directed ownership linkages.


Abstract The effect of α-tocopherol on the Ca2+-induced fusion of large unilamellar phosphatidylserine vesicles has been investigated. Mixing of aqueous vesicle contents was followed continually with the terbium–dipicolinic acid (Tb–DPA) assay, while the dissociation of preencapsulated Tb–DPA complex was taken as a measure of the release of vesicle contents. Vesicles consisting of pure phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylserine containing 2, 5, and 10 mol % of α-tocopherol were employed at different Ca2+concentrations. The presence of low amounts of α-tocopherol decreased the initial rate of fusion without changing the Ca2+threshold concentration. The reduction of the initial rate of fusion was proportional to the amount of α-tocopherol present in the bilayer. An α-tocopherol concentration-dependent decrease of both the initial rate and the final extent of release of vesicle contents was also observed. This effect was more evident as more α-tocopherol was incorporated in the bilayer, so that in the presence of 10 mol % of α-tocopherol no significant release was observed after 5 min. The stabilization of the vesicular structure exerted by α-tocopherol was responsible for the apparent increase of the fluorescence intensity of the Tb–DPA complex at later stages of the process. The results reflect a perturbation of the membrane by low concentrations of α-tocopherol which may account for a number of biological effects of this vitamin, not related to its antioxidant role.


BACKGROUND: The standards of the American Association of Blood Banks describe a minimum hemoglobin level of 12.5 g per dL for apheresis donors. Until 1995, the authors' institution accepted occasional platelet donors with a lower minimum hemoglobin (11.5 g/dL), if accompanied by medical director approval.


Proteomic techniques are one of the most valuable technologies in the research of life science in the 21th century.Many findings have been achieved since proteomic techniques were used to the exploration of spermatozoal proteins and seminal plasma proteins.The paper firstly introduced some information about proteome,proteomics,2-DE,MS and bioinformatics,and then described the recent progress in the research on spermatozoal proteomics and seminal plasma proteomics.


Back propagation training algorithm is widely used techniques in artificial neural network and is also very popular optimization task in finding an optimal weight sets during the training process. However, traditional back propagation algorithms have some drawbacks such as getting stuck in local minimum and slow speed of convergence. This research proposed an improved Levenberg Marquardt (LM) based back propagation (BP) trained with Cuckoo search algorithm for fast and improved convergence speed of the hybrid neural networks learning method. The performance of the proposed algorithm is compared with Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) and the other hybridized procedure of its kind. The simulation outcomes show that the proposed algorithm performed better than other algorithm used in this study in term of convergence speed and rate. © 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.


We denote by 𝒜(R) the class of all Artinian R-modules and by 𝒩(R) the class of all Noetherian R-modules. It is shown that 𝒜(R) ⊆ 𝒩(R) (𝒩(R) ⊆ 𝒜(R)) if and only if 𝒜(R/P) ⊆ 𝒩(R/P) (𝒩(R/P) ⊆ 𝒜(R/P)), for all centrally prime ideals P (i.e., ab ∈ P, a or b in the center of R, then a ∈ P or b ∈ P). Equivalently, if and only if 𝒜(R/P) ⊆ 𝒩(R/P) (𝒩(R/P) ⊆ 𝒜(R/P)) for all normal prime ideals P of R (i.e., ab ∈ P, a, b normalize R, then a ∈ P or b ∈ P). We observe that finitely embedded modules and Artinian modules coincide over Noetherian duo rings. Consequently, 𝒜(R) ⊆ 𝒩(R) implies that 𝒩(R) = 𝒜(R), where R is a duo ring. For a ring R, we prove that 𝒩(R) = 𝒜(R) if and only if the coincidence in the title occurs. Finally, if Q is the quotient field of a discrete valuation domain R, it is shown that Q is the only R-module which is both α-atomic and β-critical for some ordinals α,β ≥ 1 and in fact α = β = 1.


The article presents an assessment result of the economic growth quality in Eastern regions of Russia and the Northeastern regions of China, performed using the eco-intensity indicator and the colors of growth framework. It is shown that during the period from 2011 to 2021, the level of some types of negative environmental impact decreased in both countries. A comparative analysis of eco-intensity indicates that in 2021, Russia surpassed China in terms of emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides per unit of economic result. Positive trends were noted for these pollutants in China and its Northeastern regions: eco-intensity decreased significantly during the analyzed period. The study of trends in environmental and economic development using the colors of growth system showed that the entire trajectory of development of China and its regions in terms of emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides is in the most prosperous zone (the "green" growth zone). At the same time, some Eastern regions of Russia demonstrate negative dynamics: in some years, "black" growth and/or degrowth were revealed. Calculations have shown that in almost all regions of the East of the Russian Federation from 2011 to 2021, the eco-intensity of waste generation increased; the development trajectories for this type of ecological pressure were mainly in the "black" zones. The results obtained in this study allow us to analyze the ecological and economic trends in the development of regional and national economies and can be used in the process of developing strategic documents, including in the context of cross-border cooperation.


Effects of enzyme dosage, solid-liquid ratio, temperature and time required for the extraction rate of polysaccharides from the mesosperm of Ginkgo biloba were investigated by single factor and orthogonal tests. The results showed that the highest extraction rate of polysaccharides can be up to 103.041 mg/g. when temperature was 70oC, material liquid ratio was 1 : 15, enzyme dosage was 0.6% and extraction time was 70 min. The results demonstrated that the orthogonal experiment can significantly improve the extraction rate of polysaccharide from Ginkgo mesosperm, thereby greatly saving energy and enhancing efficiency. Introduction Polysaccharides are important natural active organic substances which are widely distributed in plants, animals and microorganisms (Tan et al. 2017, Kang et al. 2010). Polysaccharides possess great medical and hygenic values mainly including the improvement of immunity, anti-aging, anti-oxidant, anti-cancer and hypoglycemic functions as well as anti-bacterial effect (Shi et al. 2014, Shi et al. 2017, Zhang et al. 2018, Shang et al. 2015, Wang et al. 2016). Ginkgo biloba belonging to Ginkgopsida, a kind of deciduous, precious relict plants can only be found in China. Leaves, flowers, fruits and woods of Ginkgo biloba exhibit great economic, ecological, ornamental and scientific values (Wang et al. 2015). In China, Ginkgo biloba is featured by large cultivated area and high yield. Each year, massive testa (including both episperm and mesosperm) of Ginkgo biloba was discharged as agricultural wastes, causing serious pollutions and waste of resources (Xu et al. 2017). Currently, a great deal of research has been conducted on the development and utilization of episperm of Ginkgo biloba and also extensive investigation has been carried out on the extraction technologies (Wu et al. 2006, Mou et al. 2010, Wang et al. 2014, Cao et al. 2015, Xu et al. 2017, Wu et al. 2017, Lei et al. 2017). However, the extraction method of polysaccharides from the mesosperm of Ginkgo biloba has been poorly studied. Therefore, an attempt has been made to develop a method of extraction of polysaccharides from mesosperm of Ginkgo biloba for the first time. Materials and Methods Mature Ginkgo fruits were collected from the campus of Zhengzhou Normal University in early October, 2017. After the episperm was removed, the fruits were placed in the laboratory and dried; next, the mesosperm was peeled off and placed in the air-drying oven for drying at 65oC until the mass becomes constant. Finally, the mesosperm after drying was ground to powder in a cyclone mill, placed in the sealed bag and stored in a glass bottle. The processed mesosperm was placed in the refrigerator and stored at 4oC. The used reagents mainly including glucose, anthranone, concentrated sulfuric acid and cellulose were all analytically pure. *Author for correspondence: .


Improved methods for identification of conceptual parameter values are necessary if hydrological models are to be applied to catchments other than those to which they have been specifically calibrated. A technique has been devised to calculate conceptual parameter sets of a semi‐distributed hydrological model using a soil hydrological classification in addition to topographic data. The method is tested in this paper by converting multiple parameter sets, calibrated to two separate catchments, into parameter sets for a third catchment.


Accounting for reliability analysis of computer systems with hardware and software, a dynamic and static Fault Tree model is presented to analyze reliability of systems. Analyzing reliability and components' importance of a sample of computer systems, this paper is focused on software reliability increment as the most crucial component for increasing system reliability effectively, and thus the importance of software reliability analysis and design is illustrated to increase the global reliability of systems distinctly.


Earlier in this issue, I suggested the notion of the "vulnerability of the vulnerability thesis." In the article by that name, I attempted to show that Callahan's vulnerability thesis, although describing and explaining some aspects of superintendent behavior, has been selectively and "mischievously" used by both practitioners and professors of education administration alike. Now I would like to point out how I think the vulnerability thesis is useful in accounting for the role behavior of school superintendents and to suggest some social and political theories that might extend the thesis, further clarifying superintendent role behavior and suggesting some avenues for future research.


With the emergence of social media and continuous progress and paradigm-shifting breakthroughs in new media, communication professionals need to keep up to date with what consumers are talking about online. Brands tapped into this reality and understood that to influence interactions in this digital landscape, they would need to bring digital influencers into the equation about social media. By recognising that partnerships between beauty brands and digital influencers are a marketing strategy increasingly used by brands and by resorting to Instagram as a research environment, the project presented in this article aimed to understand, through a case study, the impacts that partnerships between the beauty brand Freshly Cosmetics and several digital influencers may have on its followers in Portugal. The study was conducted during the development of a master's dissertation in Applied Communication and, despite focusing on a single brand, enabled the authors to outline the methodology that will be further explored in future work with larger samples of brands. Ten publications from different digital influencers were selected and analysed according to a set of criteria, and a focus group was conducted with ten women who knew the brand under analysis. According to the results obtained, although digital influencers have some impact on decision-making, the participants preferred brands they already knew and their opinions were formed based on research and not on digital influencers' statements. For the participants, feedback from real consumers, external research conducted on their own, and the opinions of experts in the field are responsible for the brand's image in the eye of the consumer.


In this paper, we give the first relationally parametric model of the (extensional) calculus of constructions. Our model remains as simple as traditional PER models of dependent types, but unlike them, our model additionally permits relating terms at different implementation types. Using this model, we can validate the soundness of quotient types, as well as derive strong equality axioms for Church-encoded data, such as the eta-law for strong dependent pair types.


1) Transfer: speakers are incorporating Hebrew structures, words and idioms into their speech; structural evidence comes from patterns such as the placement of adverbs and PPs after the verb and before the object, e.g., "took [PP from the garbage] [DP a cigarette]" (see Shlonsky 1997 on Hebrew word order) 2) Fossilized L1 errors: HL speakers replicate the errors typical of early L1 acquisition, e.g., regularization ("leaved", "catched"), hypercorrection ("camed", "tooked his scissors"), and morphological overmarking ("dresseded"). The persistence of these errors in preteen and teenage speakers suggests that they require a significantly higher level of input to correct. 3) Reanalysis of particle verbs: Speakers syntactically reanalyze particles on particle verbs as regular adverbs, e.g., "he ran without Tweety out"; the speaker seems to re-analyze "out" as a regular adverb like "outside"; the placement of the adverb is consistent with general principles of English adverbial placement and Hebrew word-ordering principles. 4) Pronoun resumption: HL speakers use extensive pronoun resumption in matrix and embedded clauses. In matrix clauses, the subject is stated, but after a short pause the appropriate pronoun is repeated before the verb ("Boaz, he's the only boy"). In embedded clauses, speakers use a pronoun to refer to the antecedent ("I have a friend that she wants me to speak English"). This strategy is common to a number of heritage languages (Polinsky 1995, 2007); it may serve to minimize the domain of the clause in favor of structural simplicity and/or to compensate for the minimal verb inflection in English by directly associating the verb with a pronoun. 5) Access difficulties: HL speakers have trouble with both lexical and structural access, as demonstrated by their patterns of disfluencies. lexical access: in attempting to produce the desired word, a HL speaker may use various delaying strategies (pauses, filler words, e.g. "uh", "um", "how it's called") or attempt to restart the word ("garbage cancan", "rabrabbit", "he wantehe gohe took") structural access: when narrating, the speakers tend to produce clauses with minimal complexity, and string together these clauses with "and" and "then"; this results in a relatively flat structure.


This report was prepared for the Forest Service's National OHV Policy & Implementation Teams. The source of data is the National Survey on Recreation and the Environment (NSRE). The data used in this report from the NSRE were collected between the fall of 1999 through late 2004. More about the NSRE can be found at this web site, www.srs.fs.fed.us/trends. As the reader will note, detailed results from the NSRE describing off-highway vehicle users can be found in the Appendices to this report (reader, please note that wording . We chose to put the more detailed results in appendices to reduce the number and length of data tables in the main body of this report. The focus of this report is on off-highway driving of motor vehicles. Wording of the question in the NSRE referred to "off-road" driving because this is how the activity was phrased in previous NSRE surveys. For this report we will consider off-highway and off-road to be the same.


Pollution is in vogue and this thesis deals with some aspects of pollution as well as waste management. The background and causes of today's problems are examined and the legal situation discussed. The nature of the material under discussion and its effects on the environment are established. Chapters 4 to 7 deal, in detail, with the methods for disposal and/or treatment and/or use of the material. Chapter 8 attempts to de-limit the size of the problem and Chapter 9 examines the consequences of bad or no management. The perspective of agricultural wastes in the Agricultural environment and in the National environment is then ascertained in Chapters 10 and 11. These latter two Chapters may, perhaps, be the most important as personal, subjective opinion from various sources is introduced. The facts established in the previous Chapters are used to determine the seriousness of the problems under discussion and the remedial actions that are available are examined from a cost/benefit basis. The benefits are subjective. The final Chapter is simply labled "The Future" and contains the inherent dangers of prediction. Agriculture deals with natural resources and re-cycling of wastes is essential to the industry's success. Depletion of a resource may produce problems, as may an imbalance. This thesis concerns an imbalance; it is easy to ignore the situation as if it didn't exist.


In this paper, we drive several interesting subordination results for subclasses of analytic functions defined by convolution. Also number of interesting applications of the subordination results are considered. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification: 30C45.


Analytic relations are developed between the fractal parameters of a random, isotropic population of disc-shaped fractures and the parameters of the corresponding population of fracture traces expressed in outcrop. These relations indicate that a fractal distribution of fracture diameters translates to a fractal distribution of trace lengths and that the parameters for diameter may be uniquely determined from the parameters for trace length. Probabilistic results demonstrate the accuracy of the analytic relations and identify nonideal behaviors at the limits of the computed trace length data. It is expected that these relations will be useful in the three-dimensional characterization of fracture systems in rock from in situ trace length data.


The effects of prolonged perfusion of oxygenated blood have previously been studied with respect to haemolysis and cell morphology. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of mechanical trauma on the microrheology of red blood cells during experimental prolonged perfusion with membrane oxygenation (PPMO). Red blood cell damage was assessed by blood rheological parameters using a St George's filtrometer. Red blood cell filtration rate (RFR, μl/s), clogging rate (RBC-CR, 102%/ml), clogging particle (RBC-CP, 106/ml), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and haematocrit (Hct) were analysed at the start of PPMO and after 24, 48 and 72 hours. RFR values were 81.3 ± 3.7 at the start, 79.2 ± 7.6 (24 h, p < 0.01), 42.3 ± 8.4 (48 h, p < 0.001) and 25.1 ± 7.0 (72 h, p < 0.001). The mean RBC-CR was 2.45 ± 0.53 at the start; this increased to 3.58 ± 0.9, 6.62 ± 0.92 and then reduced to 4.77 ± 1.39 at 24 (p < 0.0001), 48 (p < 0.0001) and 72 (p < 0.02) hours respectively. Mean RBC-CP at the start was 3.29 ± 0.55; this increased to 3.42 ± 0.72, 5.29 ± 0.68 and 6.09 ± 1.07 at 24, 48 and 72 hours respectively (NS at 24 h and 48 h, p < 0.04 at 72 h). The mean MCV (fl) at the start was 86 ± 4; this increased to 101 ± 2, 111 ± 4 and 119 ± 4 at 24, 48 and 72 hours respectively (p < 0.001). Mean Hct (%) at the start was 33 ± 2; this increased to 38 ± 2, 38 ± 2 and 48 ± 2 at 24, 48 and 72 hours respectively (p < 0.05 at 24 and 48 hours, p < 0.001 at 72 hours). The mean pH and CO 2 (kPa.s) levels were 7.38 ± 0.04 and 4.1 ± 0.7 respectively. This study suggested that there was a continuous loss of red cell rheology during PPMO, which could lead to disturbed microcirculation, thereby increasing the risk of organ ischaemia, hypoxia, dysfunction and failure.


On 7 January 2009, the Polish Supreme Court issued a long awaited judgement concerning an "English clause" in an agreement between pay TV operator (Canal +) and a Polish football association,…


The paper assorted and analyzed the research data of vegetable seed enterprises of agricultural research institutes at the provincial level,set forth the irreplaceable positive effect of these enterprises in promoting research results of the agricultural institutes to enter markets,pointed out some common problems of the enterprises and also put forward some countermeasures and advices.


Cancer has long been a significant problem that has affected our world's population for years and continues to this day. With the number of cases expected to increase annually there is a societal pressure to find effective treatment methods for eliminating cancer. Current forms of cancer treatment tend to cause detrimental effects to the human body and are usually quite expensive and long lasting, some costing upwards of $30,000 over an 8 week period. A more recently established form of cancer treatment known as photodynamic therapy is an effective treatment option for ridding cancers that lie on or just below the surface of the skin. Photodynamic therapy is usually done as an outpatient procedure, on average costing between $2,500-3,000 and can eliminate all traces of cancer in as little as a single visit. A major drawback to this form of cancer treatment is the lack of efficient photosensitizers, the light absorbing organic compounds which initiate the destruction of cancer cells. Our research is based on establishing a computational strategy for predicting the effectiveness of new photodynamic therapy photosensitizers. We focus our study on a set of photosensitizers known as boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY) dyes. These dyes are fluoresecent compounds used throughout a variety of photochemical applications such as photovoltaics, biological imaging, and more recently photodynamic therapy. We apply computational chemistry methods to calculate electronic properties we can use to rate the performance of these photosensitizers. First, we begin with a fundamental understanding of what photodynamic therapy is and the components that make up the treatment method. Then we move to descriptions of the computational methods we implement, inlcuding density functional theory (DFT), timedependent density functional theory (TDDFT), restricted open-shell Kohn-Sham method (ROKS), and constrained density functional theory (CDFT). Next we investigate the parallelity between the S1 excited state potential energy surfaces predicted by TDDFT and ROKS. Finally, we investigate the singlet oxygen O2 photosensitization characteristics of a particular BODIPY derivative. This study will help future scientists approach the issue of finding the top candidate photosensitizers for use in photodynamic therapy through a rational design process rather than a repetitive trial and error based approach.


491Background: Pancreatectomy offers only potential for cure but is only possible in a minority of pts. Even in those pts who receive adjuvant C, majority of them succumb to death due to metastases. RTOG 9704 showed that post-surgery CA 19-9 levels are an important predictor of survival. ESPAC-3 showed that completion of all 6 cycles of adjuvant C was an independent prognostic factor. Any survival benefit of an intensified C strategy has not been demonstrated in pts with persistently ↑ CA19-9. The object of this study was to investigate any benefit of additional C following adjuvant in these pts. Methods: 25 pts with R0 surgery of PC who received adjuvant C with post-surgery ↑ CA 19-9 but no radiographic evidence of cancer were identified between 2005-2017. Either biopsy or PET scan determined recurrence of PC. Efficacy endpoints were overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Results: The Table summarizes results. Additional C included 5-FU, capecitabine, platins, irinotecan and nab-paclitaxe...


Radiolarians and conodonts extracted from ribbon-bedded tuffaceous chert and interbedded limestones and shales of the Frog Hollow Formation (Gamilaroi Terrane) at Bralga Tops, Glenrock Station indicate a Lower Devonian (Emsian) age. The radiolarian fauna includes Helenifore laticlavium Nazarov and Ormiston, Palaeoscenidium cladophorum Deflandre, Ceratoikiscum sp., Trilonche hindea (Hinde), Trilonche vetusta Hinde, Trilonche echinata (Hinde), and Trilonche elegans (Hinde) which represents the Emsian Helenifore laticlavium assemblage. The conodont fauna includes Polygnathus cf. serotinus Telford, Ozarkodina cf. prolata Mawson and Pandorinellina expansa Uyeno and Mason? which suggest an upper Emsian age.


The authors have conducted research into a vision sensor system which is functionally similar to the human eye. We have designed and manufactured a special lens to realize this function. The lens system provides an extensive 120-degree visual field, by optically enlarging the image in the central area and compressing it in the peripheral area. In this paper, the authors propose a new method to detect a camera's location and gazing direction based on two parallel boundary lines of a road projected in the peripheral area, and show that it works precisely and efficiently. Subsequently, we apply this method to a curved road and compare the location detected from the boundary lines with the actual camera location, and establish that there is reasonable agreement between the two.


In the paper, the volatile oils from the leaves of Eupatorium fortunei were extracted by supercritical CO2 or microwavefor their optimum extraction conditions. The uniform design experiments were used to optimize the SFE CO2 conditions, and theoptimal conditions were determined: pressure 15MPa, temperature 32℃, CO2 flowing rate 20kg/h and time 80min. The optimumconditions of the microwave extraction were obtained by orthogonal experiment: radiation time 160s, microwave power 720W,volume of solvent 300ml and volume of washing solvent 30ml. The volatile oils obtained by supercritical CO2 were microwaveand steam distillation, extraction rate 2.75%, 3.76% and 0.76% respectively. The results showed that the extraction rate ofmicrowave extraction was highest and its process simpler, but its quality was worse than the volatile oils extracted by supercriticalCO2 while steam distillation quality is the best.


We analyze the impact of gate electrode thickness and gate underlap on the fringe capacitance of nanoscale double-gate MOS (DGMOS) transistors. We propose an analytical fringe capacitance model considering gate underlap and finite source/drain length. A comparison with the simulation results show that the model can accurately estimate the fringe capacitance of the device. We show that an optimum gate underlap can significantly reduce the fringe capacitance resulting in higher performance and lower power consumption. Also, the effects of process variation in gate underlap devices are discussed. Simulation results on a three-stage ring oscillator show that with optimum gate underlap 32% improvement in delay can be achieved.


The numerous emerging implementations of RISC-V processors and frameworks underline the success of this Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) specification. The free and open source character of many implementations facilitates their adoption in academic and commercial projects. As yet it is not easy to say which implementation fits best for a system with given requirements such as processing performance or power consumption. With varying backgrounds and histories, the developed RISC-V processors are very different from each other. Comparisons are difficult, because results are reported for arbitrary technologies and configuration settings. Scaling factors are used to draw comparisons, but this gives only rough estimates. In order to give more substantiated results, this paper compares the most prominent open-source application-class RISC-V projects by running identical benchmarks on identical platforms with defined configuration settings. The Rocket, BOOM, CVA6, and SHAKTI C-Class implementations are evaluated for processing performance, area and resource utilization, power consumption as well as efficiency. Results are presented for the Xilinx Virtex UltraScale+ family and GlobalFoundries 22FDX ASIC technology.


This dissertation examines the role of the U.S. Spanish-language media environment in connecting state lawmakers to the interests and preferences held by their Hispanic constituents. The presence and absence of Spanish-language media affects levels of political knowledge among U.S. Hispanics, and the degree to which state legislators engage in the media entrepreneurial activities that link them to their constituents and to other policymakers. As a representational link between lawmakers and U.S. Latinos, the Spanish-language media facilitate a home style of representation of U.S. Hispanics that contributes to the development of Hispanic policy agendas in the U.S. states.


Abstract Lithium fluoride single crystals obtained from different sources show a series of narrow absorption bands in the ultraviolet when annealed above 250°C in certain vacuum conditions. The ambient pressure and temperature at which annealing rwes place affects the defect production rate, increasing temperature and decreasing total pressure giving larger absorption strengths. The structure of the absorption was similar for all the LiF crystals studied and consists of narrow bands some of which have half widths of less than 0.05 eV at 77°K. All but one of the bands observed, fit into a periodic structure that falls into two groups, suggesting an interpretation based on the interaction between electronic transitions within a defect centre, lattice vibrations and local mode vibrations of the centre. It is thought that an impurity ion is responsible for this optical absorption.


Wang Guowei was a man of tragic complex,which was inoperable to him in his whole life manifesting itself in a course of bourgeon,aggravating,poetic externalization and outbreak.So,tragic complex is the most distinct emotional skeleton of his inner world in his whole life.


How Many Queries Are Needed to Learn One Bit of Information?.- Radial Basis Function Neural Networks Have Superlinear VC Dimension.- Tracking a Small Set of Experts by Mixing Past Posteriors.- Potential-Based Algorithms in Online Prediction and Game Theory.- A Sequential Approximation Bound for Some Sample-Dependent Convex Optimization Problems with Applications in Learning.- Efficiently Approximating Weighted Sums with Exponentially Many Terms.- Ultraconservative Online Algorithms for Multiclass Problems.- Estimating a Boolean Perceptron from Its Average Satisfying Assignment: A Bound on the Precision Required.- Adaptive Strategies and Regret Minimization in Arbitrarily Varying Markov Environments.- Robust Learning - Rich and Poor.- On the Synthesis of Strategies Identifying Recursive Functions.- Intrinsic Complexity of Learning Geometrical Concepts from Positive Data.- Toward a Computational Theory of Data Acquisition and Truthing.- Discrete Prediction Games with Arbitrary Feedback and Loss (Extended Abstract).- Rademacher and Gaussian Complexities: Risk Bounds and Structural Results.- Further Explanation of the Effectiveness of Voting Methods: The Game between Margins and Weights.- Geometric Methods in the Analysis of Glivenko-Cantelli Classes.- Learning Relatively Small Classes.- On Agnostic Learning with {0, *, 1}-Valued and Real-Valued Hypotheses.- When Can Two Unsupervised Learners Achieve PAC Separation?.- Strong Entropy Concentration, Game Theory, and Algorithmic Randomness.- Pattern Recognition and Density Estimation under the General i.i.d. Assumption.- A General Dimension for Exact Learning.- Data-Dependent Margin-Based Generalization Bounds for Classification.- Limitations of Learning via Embeddings in Euclidean Half-Spaces.- Estimating the Optimal Margins of Embeddings in Euclidean Half Spaces.- A Generalized Representer Theorem.- A Leave-One-out Cross Validation Bound for Kernel Methods with Applications in Learning.- Learning Additive Models Online with Fast Evaluating Kernels.- Geometric Bounds for Generalization in Boosting.- Smooth Boosting and Learning with Malicious Noise.- On Boosting with Optimal Poly-Bounded Distributions.- Agnostic Boosting.- A Theoretical Analysis of Query Selection for Collaborative Filtering.- On Using Extended Statistical Queries to Avoid Membership Queries.- Learning Monotone DNF from a Teacher That Almost Does Not Answer Membership Queries.- On Learning Monotone DNF under Product Distributions.- Learning Regular Sets with an Incomplete Membership Oracle.- Learning Rates for Q-Learning.- Optimizing Average Reward Using Discounted Rewards.- Bounds on Sample Size for Policy Evaluation in Markov Environments.


seems trapped into some fruitless search for original causes. The book is organised around a personal narrative or journey rather than any analytical concerns. This may have been fine in the early 1970s when everybody put their two bob's worth into the consciousness-raising session, but is inadequate for the 1990s. Hacker raises important questions and then fails to deal with any of them systematically or to engage more than superficially with any of the literatures that she cites. She covers


The responses of the grass‐cutting ants Atta bisphaerica (Forel) and Atta capiguara (Gonçalves) to the main components of their alarm pheromones were examined in simple field bioassays. Both species react most strongly to 4‐methyl‐3‐heptanone, which causes the full range of alarm behaviour and a large increase in the number of individuals near the sources. In later experiments with A. capiguara, this increase was found to be due primarily to attraction, with some arrestment also occurring. The ant response to 4‐methyl‐3‐heptanone was compared with that to crushed heads and to that with whole ants with crushed heads. The pheromone 4‐methyl‐3‐heptanone by itself stimulates the same level of attraction as crushed heads, but results in far less alarm behaviour and arrests fewer ants. Whole ants with crushed heads attract a greater number of ants than the other sources and also cause more alarm behaviour. Bodies alone attract ants, but do not result in alarm behaviour. The main component in both species is the same, supporting the view that alarm pheromones lack species specificity. However, it appears that other components may also be important either as synergists of the main compound, or by stimulating behaviours that would not be observed in its absence.


On the basis of development and application regarding question bank management system software,the author summarizes the critical technologies of genetal test database management system,which includes the genetal knowledge questions,inputting and saving the test questions with pictures,strategy of organizing test papers,taking out subjects randomly,making out test papers and printing technology.Meanwhile,the author gives the brief achievement codes of some related questions by VFP.


Tiantangzhai Nature Reserve(TNR) is situated in the northern part of Dabieshan mountain .It is reported that there are 24 families,45 genera and 72 species (including varieties and subspecies) of pteridophyte in TNR.Based on the statistics of these families,genera and species,the components, characteristics,and ecological characteristics of the flora are analyzed. Compared with 6 mountains in China,the floristic elemints of TNR are similar to those of Mt.Jiuhua,Mt.Huangshan.Mt.Banqiao,but scarcely to the others.On floristic phytogeographical affinity,this flora is subordinate to E.Asiatic Kingdom,Sino-Japanese Forest Subkingdon,E.China Region.


Five glass paintings of the 16th century decorate the apse of the choir, completed by two of the 19th century, and six smaller ones in the choir. Before World War II, four glass paintings of the second half of the 16th century occupied the western part of the transept. Due to their galloping degradation, the glass paintings were removed in 1969 and transferred to the Institut Royal du Patrimoine Artistique for further inspections and a meticulous cleaning. The treatment revealed the necessity of a complete replacement of the leads, since their rigidity was no longer sufficient. Furthermore, inevitable, abundant gluing and sealing of the removed leads confirmed the option of a complete dismounting. The various, approximately correct repairs of the glass windows imposed a complete revision and the replacement of the badly restored calibre. The problem caused by the inversion of the damask glass and the panels in the glass window Philippe de Cleves was submitted to the Corpus Vitrearum. They kindly came on site to suggest the best adapted restoration philosophy to apply.


ABSTRACT Rapid development of energy reserves in the boreal forest of western Canada has raised concerns about the potential impacts of forest fragmentation caused by seismic lines. Seismic lines are narrow linear corridors cut by the energy sector to access remote areas. Traditionally, seismic lines were cut using a bulldozer and averaged about 8 m in width. In response to concerns about conventional seismic line impacts, some energy companies have turned to new "best practices" that use lower-impact techniques to reduce their footprint (2- to 3-m-wide lines). Crucial to assessing the efficacy of this change in seismic policy for maintenance of biodiversity is determining how conventional and low-impact seismic lines are perceived by wildlife. We assessed the functional and numerical response of male ovenbirds (Seiurus aurocapilla) to conventional and low-impact seismic lines in mature aspen forest in northeastern Alberta. Based on radio-telemetry, ovenbirds perceived conventional seismic lines as creating a gap in the forest and used it as a territory boundary. In contrast, ovenbirds incorporated low-impact seismic lines within their territories. Spot-mapping data suggested no differences in ovenbird density in stands with a single conventional seismic line, multiple low-impact lines, or reference plots with no seismic lines. Despite the lack of numerical response to any seismic practice, we believe it is prudent to recommend that energy companies consider using new low-impact approaches in their seismic operations to minimize the ecological risks of energy sector activity for forest birds.


Cells respond to external stimuli through transient activation of multiple transcription factors (TF) downstream of signaling pathway networks. It has long been recognized that not only the nature of a stimulus, such as a stressor, but also its magnitude and duration define behavior and a fate of the responding organism. Surprisingly, there have been virtually no studies of cellular stress‐induced multiple TF activation in a detailed time‐dose‐response layout. Such studies would require a practical approach allowing for rapid generation of stable TF activity reporters in any cell type and performing the experiment in a high‐throughput screening (HTS) format.


Nowadays, knowledge management (KM) is a very popular business concept. Successful KM in an organisation is conditioned, not only by a process of its implementation, but also by different levels that pay attention to knowledge and its management. While supranational and national levels are above an organisational level, the basic level is below, where fundamental research dealing with knowledge is realised. At supranational and national levels, which are the most general, an orientation on knowledge is visible from basic strategic documents of the European Union and the Czech Republic. At the basic level, attention is paid for examples to main principles of knowledge technologies or psychological or sociological aspects of work with knowledge.


We have designed a bank note automatic binding machine to replace manual work and improve efficiency and convienence. This paper describes its working principle and schematic design. This machine is also applicable to the binding of other bills.


Kenny-Caffey syndrome type 2 is a very rare disease characterized by short stature, skeleton and eye abnormalities, hypoparathyroidism, hypocalcemia, and normal intellectual development. It is caused by a mutation in the FAM111A gene and inherited in an autosomal dominant way. It occurs at a frequency of 1 : 1 000 000. Less than 100 cases had been described to date. Treatment in this disease is only symptomatic and the use of growth hormone does not give satisfying effects. We present a case of a 12-year-old boy with short stature, hypoparathyroidism, hypothyroidism, and hyperopia. The next-generation sequencing study revealed a mutation (R569H) in one allele of the above-mentioned gene. On the basis of the clinical picture and special investigations results, Kenny-Caffey syndrome type 2 was diagnosed.


Alkaline metal (AM) atoms filled CoSb3 skutterudites are synthesized by melting method and sintered by spark plasma sintering. The maximal filling fraction or filling fraction limit (FFL) of AM (AM=Li, Na, K, Cs) in CoSb3 are estimated experimentally and show good agreement with our previous calculations based on density functional method. The effect of thermodynamics properties on FFL, crystallographic properties and microstructure are investigated. Among all the AM-filled CoSb3 systems, Na shows the highest experimental FFL of ~65% due to the relatively stable chemical properties of Na and NaSbx binary compounds. Furthermore, NayCo4Sb12 shows the best crystallization and purity under the same synthesis approach. In the cases of the end members Li and Cs, both our theoretical and experimental results show that the filling levels in CoSb3 are infinitesimal due to the extremely low formation enthalpies of LiSbx and CsSbx compounds.


Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) can extract energy to improve their range and endurance due to thermal updrafts in the environment via static soaring. In this paper, a soaring control strategy is improved based on multi-hole probe technology. A vertical wind speed estimation method based on the multi-hole probe is proposed to design thermal updraft identification, mode switching logic, and the soaring controller. Turn logic is used to determine the correct turn direction for UAVs when a thermal updraft is detected. A simulation environment containing a six-degree-of-freedom glider model and a thermal updraft model is described. The induced roll effect caused by the asymmetric vertical velocity distribution of thermal updraft is included in the simulations. The results show an improved soaring capability from the proposed soaring strategy. Thus, the proposed method based on a multi-hole probe is more accurate and robust, and the turn logic allows a glider to enter a thermal updraft more quickly. The more energy a glider can obtain from thermal updraft enables a lower soaring speed during static soaring.


The study was conducted in Aldoura region south Baghdad from January to December 2010  ; out of 284 animals , only 79 were infested ( 23 cattle and 56 sheep) . The total tick prevalence was 27.8% ( 19.7% and  8.1% for sheep and cattle respectively ) . Ticks predilection sites were more prevalent on cattle's udder (41%) and sheep's ear and tail  (38%) . The high number of infestation was  in May and July months respectively. 521 ticks were collected and  3 genera ( Hyalomma 70%, Rhipicephalus 25% and Boophilus 5% ) were recorded from April to October months of the year . The total tick index found 1.84 . 13 species were identified; H. anatolicum anatolicum had highest tick index 0.54  among all ticks, followed by H. anatolicum excavatum, H. asiaticum asiaticum , H. marginatum marginatum , Hyalomma marginatum turanicum, Hyalomma detritum ; Rhipicephalus turanicus  was  highest tick index of  Rhipicephalus genus ,then R. bursa, R. sanguineus ; B. annulatus was higher indexed than B. kohlsi among Boophilus genus; lowest index were found to Hyalomma spp. and B. kohlsi . Ticks spp. monthly distribution was significant (p.<0.001) . B. kohlsi , firstly record in Baghdad region and from sheep host. Given data might be aid in control ticks and minimize public and veterinary infections .


WE REPORTED previously that cigarette smoke can cause an increase in the secretion of epinephrine from the adrenal medulla resulting in significant elevations of this amine in the blood of dogs (WESTFALL and WATTS, 1963~). It was also shown that there is a significant increase in the 24 hr urinary excretion of epinephrine, but not of norepinephrine, in human smokers as compared to a group of nonsmokers (WESTFALL and WATTS, 19636). The urinary excretion of epinephrine increases progressively to significant levels during periods of heavy smoking (WESTFALL and WAITS, 19636). It thus appears that a great deal of the cardiovascular manifestations resulting from cigarette smoke, and therefore from nicotine, are due to the release of epinephrine from the adrenal medulla. The mechanism or mechanisms by which nicotine or tobacco smoking produce their effects on the higher centres are not nearly so clear (SILVETTE, HOW, LARSON and HAAG, 1962). The effects of smoking on the central nervous system seem to be of great importance. SCHMITERLOW and HANSSON (1962) showed by autoradiography that there is a high concentration in brain immediately after, and lasting up to 4 hr following, the intramuscular injection of radioactive nicotine. Since detectable amounts of nicotine appear to be present in the brain after administration it is reasonable to expect that this compound could exert some effect on brain amines. The purpose of this present investigation was to study the effect of nicotine on levels of catecholamine and serotonin in whole brain in an attempt to find out what role these amines may play with regard to the action of nicotine on the higher centres. METHODS A total of 195 male Holtzman rats were used for these investigations. To ascertain the possible role that the adrenals play in contributing to changes in brain amines, 24 hr urine studies were carried out prior to the assay of brain amines. The effect of both the oral and subcutaneous administration of nicotine on the urinary excretion of catecholamines was studied, but the subcutaneous route was chosen as the method of administration in studying levels of catecholamines and serotonin in brain. Rats were placed in individual metabolism cages and, following a period of at least 5 days acclimatization to their new environment, were given injections of nicotine or saline. The volume of the injection was kept constant in all cases. Three different doses of nicotine were employed, namely; 0.25,0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg given four times daily as long as the experiment lasted. The rats were sacrificed on days 3,7, and 14 for studies of brain amines. Twenty-four hour urine samples were collected and analysed for norepinephrine and epinephrine on days 1 , 3 , 7, and 14, depending upon the length of the individual experiment. The urinary catecholamines were determined by a modified method of VON EULER and LISHAJKO (1959) and measured in an Aminco fluorometer. For brain amines, the rats were sacrificed by breaking the neck, and the brain was removed immediately by dissection,


The relation between cut and optical effect of diamond is so complicated that computer 3D emulation model is necessary when it is lucubrated. The basic principle and constituent parts of the diamond 3D emulation system are introduced in the paper. The basic principle is light tracing. The system consists of four parts: light source model, diamond model, observation model and light tracing module. In addition, two numeral indexes are defined: brightness return(BR)and coloured light return(CR), which evaluate the target of good brilliance and good fire on diamond products.