Three experiments were conducted to measure energy and nutrient digestibility in dried distillers grain with solubles (DDGS) by growing pigs. In Exp. 1, apparent (AID) and standardized (SID) ileal digestibility coefficients of CP and AA were determined in four samples of DDGS. Five growing pigs were equipped with a T-cannula in the distal ileum and used in a 5 x 5 Latin square design. Exp. 2 was an energy balance experiment that aimed at measuring DE and ME concentrations in four samples of DDGS and in corn. The apparent total tract digestibility coefficients (ATTD) for DM, GE, P, ether extract, NDF, and ADF were also measured in this experiment. Five pigs were used in a 5 x 5 Latin square design in this experiment. The AID and the SID of CP and AA in ten samples of DDGS and in corn were measured in Exp. 3 using 12 pigs arranged in a Yuden square design. There were five observations per treatment in Exp. 1 and 2 and eight observations in Exp. 3. Pigs were fed at 3, 2.5, and 3 times their estimated energy requirement in Exp. 1, 2, and 3, respectively. In Exp. 1 and 3, AID and SID were estimated using the direct method while the difference method was used in Exp. 2. A Nfree diet was included in Exp. 1 and 3 to measure endogenous losses of AA. Results of the experiments demonstrated that there is a considerable variation among ethanol plants in the AID and SID for most AA in DDGS. The most variable AA are Lys and Trp, where values for SID ranged from 44 to 78%, and from 46 to 80%, respectively. Methionine had the lowest variability for SID among the indispensable AA (74 to 89%), while values from 62 to 87%, 67 to 85%, and 66 to 84% were found for Thr, Ile, and Val, respectively. The average SID for Arg, His, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met, Phe, Thr, Trp, and Val in the 14 samples of DDGS were 79, 76, 73, 82, 60, 81, 79, 70, 73, and 72%, respectively. The four samples of DDGS that were used in Exp. 2 had average ATTD of DM, GE, P, ether extract, NDF and ADF of 71, 75, 55, 76, 84, and 67%, respectively. Significant differences (P < 0.05) between samples of DDGS were found for ether extract, NDF, and ADF, but not for DM, GE, and P. The DE and ME concentration in the four samples of DDGS averaged 3,639 and 3,378 kcal per kg DM, respectively, and no significant differences between sources were observed. It is concluded that considerable variation in AID and SID for CP and AA among samples of DDGS exists. Future work should focus on identifying the reasons for this variation.


The Environmental Impact Quotient(EIQ) has been used to organize the extensive toxicological and soil residue data available on some fruit vegetables pesticides into a usable form for field use. It addresses a majority of the environmental concerns that are encountered in agricultural systems including farm worker, consumer, ecological and environmental safety. The EIQ made use of the rating system by using the EIQ equation. The EIQ of pesticides registered for oriental melon was higher than that of other in terms of farm worker, consumer and environmental safety. Pesticides registered for red pepper showed highest EIQ in ecosystem. The EIQ decreased in order of insecticide> fungicide> herbicide> plant growth regulator. The environment Impact Quotient for the pesticides registered in fruit and vegetables decrease gradually.


OBJECTIVE
To study the status of detection of hepatitis C core antigen in intravenous drug addictions, and discuss the foreground of the hepatitis C core antigen ELISA test system.

METHODS
HCV core antigen, HCV RNA quantity, anti HCV-IgG, HBsAg were analysis in all the plasma samples taken from 93 cases of intravenous drug users.

RESULTS
The specialty and sensitivity of HCV core antigen in intravenous drug addictions 100% -54% separately. When HBsAg were positive, the sensitivity of HCV core antigen was 38%, while HBsAg negative, the sensitivity of HCV core antigen was 69% (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSION
The detections of HCV core antigen showed high specialty but low sensitivity in intravenous drug addictions. The positive rate has positive relation with HCV RNA virus logarithm quantity. Coinfection with HBV are the interfere factor of HCV core antigen detection. In screening experimentations, the detection of HCV core antigen in plasma may be applied as supplement method for anti-HCV-IgG. It can also be used to monitor viremia in HCV infection.


It has been observed that non-aggressive waders breed close to aggressive waders because of the predator protection that the latter may provide. We studied the association, breeding success, and habitat selection of three non-aggressive species (Tringa totanus, Calidris alpina schinzii and Philomachus pugnax) in an area where two aggressive species (Vanellus vanellus and Limosa limosa) also bred. We analysed four predictions that ought to be valid for the non-aggressive species if they obtained protection by breeding close to the aggressive ones: they would (1) breed at the same time, (2) prefer to breed within the territories of the aggressive species, (3) show higher breeding success within than outside the territories of the aggressive species, and (4) not differ from the aggressive species in habitat selection. We found no support for any of the predictions. Instead we found that the non-aggressive species selected higher vegetation for their nest sites. Thus, the better nest protection of higher vegetation was more important than predator protection given by the aggressive species.


― We numerically investigate dynamics of undulation instability of lamellar systems induced by an external field. In particular, if the field is much larger than the critical value, initial undulations are much finer than those in the final state. The coarsening law here is obtained both numerically and theoretically. We also demonstrate that the patterns are square grids if the field is perpendicular to the lamellae, while they are one-dimensional if it is parallel.


Pablo Neruda's relation to peninsular poetry and poets has been well emphasized in diverse studies. The poet himself has left beautiful intimations on this matter. In this perspective,'Notes for a Dialogue' intends to demostrate the prolound bonds between the Chilean Nobel Prize, and the contemporary Spanish poet, Antonio Gamonal (born in Oviedo). The initial intuition and the preliminary hints, arising from the reading of some childhood memories poetized by these poets, permit us to advance towards the identification of the elements of a syntactical, lexicographic and thematic dialogue revealing an identical aesthetic proposal born out of a desolate conscience in constant return to an uninhabited self, with full commitment to the age, The profound community of the language binding these poets, shows affinities as well as differences in their respective poetics which may seem to say "we are surrounded by pure death, we live surrounded by death but also by light, words and silence. We are like deserts, populated by tribes, by launa and flora.


Unequivocal evidence that the anomerization of acetylated alkyl glycopyranosides can proceed by way of an intramolecular mechanism was obtained through the observation that a racemic mixture of methyl β-glucopyranoside tetraacetate with the D-isomer labelled in the methoxyl group with carbon-14 is anomerized both by titanium tetrachloride and boron trifluoride without transfer of radioactive methoxyl groups to the L-isomer. It is submitted that these intramolecular anomerizations are best rationalized as the result of an unsuccessful attempt by the environment to bring about glycosidic cleavage and proceed by way of an ion-pair intermediate in which the anion is derived from the aglycon group.


Objective: To construct a set of objective, relatively perfect and clinically applicable ECMO nursing quality evaluation index system, and to provide practical basis and reference for clinical nurses to implement ECMO nursing. Methods: The literature was analyzed and semi-structured interviews were used, through systematic references and searching keywords. Based on the "Structrue-Process-Outcome" three-dimensional theoretical model, the prototype of the ECMO nursing quality evaluation index system was constructed. 28 experts were selected and 2-round Delphi study on ECMO nursing quality evaluation indicators was performed, to evaluate the enthusiasm, authoritativeness, concentration and coordination of opinion of the experts, and to test the reliability and validity of the evaluation index system. The AHP method was used to determine the mean importance ratings, the standard variation of importance ratings, the coefficient of variation (CV) and full-score frequency K (%) of indicators at all levels in the evaluation index system. Results: Through literature review and searching keywords, an questionnaire including 3 first-level indicators, 15 second-level indicators and 62 third-level indicators was initially formed. The positive coefficient of the experts was 100% (20/20) and 96.42% (19/20) respectively, and the authoritative coefficient was 0.926 and 0.934 respectively in the first and second round of expert consultation. The weights of the three first-level indicators were 0.34, 0.52, and 0.31, respectively. The ECMO nursing quality evaluation index system including three first-level indicators, 15 second-level indicators, and 66 third-level indicators was determined. The effective recycling rates of the two rounds of Delphi surveys were 80% and 90%, respectively. The authoritative coefficients of experts in the two rounds were 0.889 and 0.88, respectively. The Kendall coordination coefficients of the two rounds of surveys were 0.259 and 0.161, respectively (P<0.05). Finally, an ECMO nursing quality evaluation index system including three first-level indicators, 15 second-level indicators and 66 third-level indicators was constructed, based on the "Structrue-Process-Outcome" three-dimensional model. Conclusion:The ECMO nursing quality evaluation index system is constructed based on the "Structrue-Process-Outcome" three-dimensional theoretical model, which is provided as a practical and operational assessment tool for clinical nurses in the implementation of ECMO care.


The causes of weld-metal-cracking in SAE 4340 steel were investigated. The development of filler wires for producing welds heat treatable to ultimate- tensile-strength levels greater than 225,000 psi was studied. Freezingcycle hot- tension studies were made on various heats of SAE 4340 steel containing various sulfur and phosphorus contents. Results indicated that the combined sulfur and phosphorus contents of SAE 4340 steel should be kept below 0.025 wt.% to prevent weld-metal hot cracking. An intergranular phase believed to be associated with hot cracking was found during light and electron microscopy of highphosphorus SAE 4340 steels. This phase was tentatively identified as the iron-iron phosphide euctectic. Two new restrained weld-metal-cracking tests were developed that will give a quantitative measure of weld-metal-cracking resistance. Filler wires were developed which can produce weld metals capable of being heat treated to various strength levels in the range of 225,000 to 280,000 psi ultimate tensile strength. (auth)


Aiming at the problems of understanding of the further study on the spirit of Central Ethnic Working Conference, this paper explains the background of this conference, analyzes the reasons of putting forward the pathway of dealing with ethnic problems with Chinese characteristics, offers some strategic thoughts on the problems of the developing the pathway of dealing with ethnic problems with Chinese characteristics, and discusses the responsibilities and obligations of scholars from three levels.


ABSTRACT The main result of this paper gives a classification of commutative association schemes, all irreducible characters of which have multiplicity 1 or a prime p.


An increasing number of antibiotics has been reported in the last few years to be active on 80S type ribosomes1, 2, 3, 4). However taking into account the scarcity of data concerning the site and mode of action of these antibiotics and the enormous heterogeneity of the biological sources of 80S type ribosomes in which they were tested we have considered of interest surveying a number of inhibitors in different steps of protein synthesis using in all cases the same mammalian cell-free system. We summarize in this contribution suitable methods to study the individual steps of protein synthesis by human tonsil ribosomes and present the results obtained in these systems in the presence of a number of protein synthesis inhibitors.


Two semantics, a strong semantics and a weak one, are usually adopted by time Petri nets in different application context. However, both of them are not suitable for the schedulability analysis of real-time systems. The scheduling ability of the strong semantics model is limited because of the constraints of the strong timing, whereas the weak one can not guarantee the timeliness of schedules due to the non-compulsory nature of weak timing. In this paper, we propose a mixed semantics model for time Petri nets that efficiently addresses the problem. In our models, the firability of a transition is not dependent on its conflicting transitions, but on its non-conflicting ones. This not only extends the schedule scope of the model, but also keeps some certain strong timing on choices. Therefore, the mixed semantics model can provide a good support for the schedulability analysis and timing verification of time-critical systems.


Abstract Mothers have an important role to play in teaching their children about sexual issues and shaping children's sexual knowledge, attitudes and behaviours. In many cases, however, mothers themselves need help and support. This study was conducted to examine the effects of a sex education programme on the knowledge and attitudes of the mothers of pre-school children. Eighty mothers of pre-school children were randomly divided into an experimental and a control group. The experimental group received an education and training programme delivered over two 2-h sessions. The control group received no such intervention. Researcher-constructed knowledge and attitude questionnaires were completed by both groups before and one month after the intervention. Findings showed no significant differences between the two groups in terms of knowledge and attitudes before the training. After the education and training intervention, however, there was a significant increase in the mean score for both knowledge and attitudes in the experimental group compared to the control group. Study findings suggest that the sex education programme for the mothers of pre-school children can improve their knowledge and attitudes.


The fight against the Western Australian government's widely unpopular decision to close remote Aboriginal communities and force Aboriginal people off their land received a further boost this week with news that activists are set to converge on the state.


The development of the era demands quality human resources. For that need to be equipped with the knowledge and skills to be ready to compete in the world of work. Vocational High School has many skills programs. Examples of skills programs in Vocational High School are Computer Network Engineering, Audio and Video Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Building, Drawing Techniques, Motorcycle Engineering, Installation and Power Engineering, systems that can assist in the decision-making process of prospective students. The grouping system will be created using the Fuzzy C-Means method. Grouping majors using fuzzy c-means algorithm is expected to help prospective students choose majors from the many majors that exist. This is done so that prospective students do not experience difficulties in learning activities, can develop optimally and is expected to work in accordance with the expertise that has been owned, so that ultimately can improve the quality of output and outcome of vocational education. The results obtained in this study in the form of data grouped based on 3 clusters, so that prospective students can choose the majors in accordance with the selected cluster.


AbstractThis paper presents a flexible, generic mechanism to define freeform surface feature classes. The method is applicable to pre-defined and user-defined features. A feature class definition includes, firstly, declaring a feature class, and then specifying the class using attributes specific to the feature. A generic taxonomy of freeform surface features is used to facilitate class declaration. Then, the dynamic mechanism facilitates general specification of attributes. It is demonstrated that such a class definition can be consistently archived, retrieved and re-used in an application-independent manner.


The thermal safety,friction sensitivity and impact sensitivity of the pyrotechnics with modified and unmodified potassium chlorate(KClO3) were tested and compared.Results show that compared with unmodified KClO3,initial exothermic temperature of pyrotechnics with modified KClO3 increases by 36.08 ℃,and the time to maximum rate prolongs more than 6 times,and its maximal pressure produced by unit mass,adiabatic temperature,friction sensitivity,impact sensitivity decreases by 0.63 MPa·g-1,95.99 ℃,64% and 72% respectively.


Blueberries' quality does not change uniformly during ripeness. Blueberries should be harvested fully ripened at the post-climacteric stage with an excellent indicator including consistent color, taste, and ease of removal from plant as excellent indicators. Therefore, the blueberries are not harvested until it has the desired blue color. The reliance on human perception on the fruit's taste and appearance might cause inconsistency and inaccurate judgment of the fruit maturation. This study aimed to develop an image processing algorithm capable of classifying blueberry maturity stages. The Bluecrop Northern highbush blueberry was harvested at five different stages of maturity based on visual grading of the fruit color (green, green-red, red, red-blue, and blue) from various fruit positions on the tree. Image processing with discriminant analysis accurately classified maturity stages at 98.3% accuracy. The image quality attributes of blueberries changed significantly at different maturity stages. Overall, most image quality attributes correlated strongly with well-performed blueberry physicochemical properties. This study showed that image processing during the blueberry maturation process could be a reliable and comprehensible method for estimating changes in color, shape, weight, and ultimately changes in specific physicochemical properties. This study also provided a practical evaluation of the maturity stages and physicochemical properties, which were predicted using image processing.


Habitat selection of Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) were studied from October 2001 to August 2002 in Hainan Datain Reserve which geographically locates in 108°47′-108°49′E,19°05′-19°17′N.Habitat use of Wild Boar were sampled by line transects.Wild Boar showed a preference for dry savanna and shrub-grass land.Forage sites were characterized by richness of food resource and hiding covers which are represented by taller herbs,higher herbage biomass,denser herb cover,moderate shrub height,higher percent of newborn twigs to the total twigs below 1 m,moderate hiding cover.Water resource is also an important factor for the habitat selection.Wild Boar more likely use bed sites with taller shrubs,higher shrub density,dense shrub canopy,taller herbs,closer distance to the water resource,and farther distance to the human settlement.Comparing with dry season,wild boar chose bed sites with a higher percent canopy cover and hiding cover,while they fed in the site with rich herbage biomass.Principal components analysis indicated that the first principal component accounted for 35.51% of the total variance among forage sites variance,with higher loadings for tree density,shrub height,cover of shrubs,availability of new shoot less than 1m,herbage cover,and hiding cover.The first principal component explained 39.57% of bed sites variance,with higher loadings for shrub height,cover of shrubs,availability of new shoot less than 1m,herbage height,herbage cover,herbage biomass,water resource,and hiding cover.


Fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) cytology is a reliable technique for rapid diagnosis in virtually every organ of the body, including bone lesions. We report on the FNA findings in a 61‐yr‐old male of an osteolytic sacral lesion, which determined the diagnosis of an unsuspected metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma. In this case, the diagnosis was confirmed by FNA biopsy without resorting to surgical biopsy. Diagn. Cytopathol. 25:63–67, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


We study the effects of the new Basel III liquidity regulations in jurisdictions with a limited supply of high-quality liquid assets. Using a model based on Bech and Keister (2013), we show how introducing a liquidity coverage ratio in such settings can have significant side effects, leading to a large liquidity premium and pushing the short-term interest rate to the floor of the central bank's rate corridor. Adding a committed liquidity facility allows the central bank to mitigate these effects. By pricing committed liquidity appropriately, the central bank can determine either the equilibrium liquidity premium or the quantity of liquid assets held by banks, but not both. We argue that the optimal pricing arrangement will depend on local market conditions.


SUBTITLE: TODAY'S SUPPLY-CHAIN MARKETPLACE HAS LITTLE ROOM FOR GENERALISTS. IT'S SPECIALISTS THAT ARE IN DEMAND, WITH BUYERS OF BOTH SOFTWARE AND SERVICES LOOKING FOR INDUSTRY-SPECIFIC SOLUTIONS AND DEEP DOMAIN EXPERTISE.


This paper reports an on-line production study on how different levels of syntactic flexibility influence the production of locative resultative constructions in Mandarin Chinese. Though previous studies show that having two available syntactic structures (flexible condition) facilitates language production and results in less errors and shorter reaction time than having only one possible syntactic structure (non-flexible condition), it is still not clear whether greater syntactic flexibility (i.e. having three or four structure choices) have the same effects. Results of this study show main effects in error rates, correct response rates and production latencies for the contrast between syntactic flexibility and non-flexibility. However, there is no significance between higher levels of syntactic flexibility, suggesting the contrast between having three structure choices vs. having four structure choices does not have the same effects with lower levels of syntactic flexibility.


This work examines the use of multiple spacefilling curve inclusions as sub-cells to form the basis of a larger inclusion to provide relatively electrically small and self-resonant inclusions for artificial magnetic conductors with enhanced bandwidth performance as well as polarization independence.


Internet of Things (IoT) is projected to connect billions of devices as they get smaller and cheaper. IoT devices range from low-end units to devices having powerful processors. Traditional operating systems are not able to fulfil the diverse requirements of heterogeneous IoT devices. The requirements of an OS for IoT devices need to be revisited to operate with minimal resources and at the same time cover a wide range of devices, thereby avoiding redundant development, and maintenance of devices. This paper presents an analysis on such requirements and a comparative study of some current IoT operating systems.


We have read the very interesting study by Song, Roy, Fonarow, Woo, and Kumar (2018) who showed that functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) responses of left insular cortex (Ic) in heart failure (HF) patients were delayed or decreased according to the magnitude of the Valsalva maneuver and that the impaired functional response of Ic had significant correlation with the degree of tissue changes. In earlier studies, the cardiovascular system has been suggested to be regulated by a central autonomic network (CAN) that consisted of the Ic, the anterior cingulate gyrus, and the amygdala (Nagai et al., 2017; Nagai, Hoshide, & Kario, 2010). In drug‐refractory epilepsy patients, right hemispheric inactivation was associated with an increase in high frequency (HF) of the heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP), and the left hemispheric inactivation was associated with an increase in low frequency (LF) of HR and BP. While HF of HR or BP represents a parasympathetic nervous system activity, LF of HR or BP represents a sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity (Hilz, et al., 2001). In addition, we recently observed that the case of herpes encephalitis with right Ic lesion had left ventricular (LV) dysfunction at one week after admission (Kikumoto et al., 2018). Cardiac 123I‐meta‐iodobenzylguanidine uptake scintigraphy revealed reduced regional LV uptake in the earlier phase. LV hypokinesis was suggested to be derived according to reduced SNS activity due to right Ic lesion (Kikumoto et al., 2018). Mishra, John, Shukla, Sathyaprabha, and Devi (2018) also suggested that suppressed left Ic activity due to gliomas allowed for decreased parasympathetic nervous system activity with relatively increased SNS tone. These results support the notion that the right Ic has an association with the SNS activity while the left Ic has an association with the parasympathetic nervous system activity. Thus, decreased left Ic response to the Valsalva maneuver reported by Song et al., (2018) was suggested to be associated with decreased parasympathetic nervous system activity in HF patients. Oppenheimer, Gelb, Girvin, and Hachinski (1992) have defined a site involved in cardiovascular regulation in the Ic. Bradycardia or depressor effect was significantly more commonly observed after stimulation of the left Ic. The degree of bradycardia or depressor was significantly greater on the stimulation of the posterior portion than that of the anterior portion in the left Ic (Oppenheimer et al., 1992). Thus, the left posterior Ic is suggested to be strongly involved in the parasympathetic autonomic nervous system activity. Kitamura et al. (2018) showed that the damage of the left posterior Ic in acute ischemic stroke was associated with increased BP variability, which was one of the representative SNS markers. However, Song et al.,(2018) had no descriptions for the patterns of reduction in the left Ic responses to the Valsalva maneuver according to the anterior or posterior portion which was associated with the genesis of sympatho‐vagal imbalance. Until now, there have been no reports that assessed the relationship between left Ic activity and autonomic imbalance according to the anterior or posterior portion in patients with HF. The results of Song et al. (2018) would be of more importance in these study literatures if a clear mechanism underlying that relationship was presented.


Objective To evaluate the relationship between glycemic control and lipid profile in patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods The patients with type 2 diabetes taking oral antidiabetic agents only were investigated for their levels of blood glucose and lipid profile.With a standard for valid blood glucose control( HbA1c <7% ),the patients were divided into two groups,reached the goal group and not reached the goal group,and the lipid profile was compared between the two groups.Results Completed study had been obtained 173 patients,average HbAlc,7.9%,total success rate of glycemic control,with 43.4% being the figure reported.We can see a lower triglyceride( TG),total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) level and a higher high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level in the group reaching the stantard ( t =- 2.437,- 2.067,2.005,- 2.984,P =0.016,0.040,0.047,0.003).Conclusion The blood lipid profile should be considered while the level of glucose of patients with type 2 diabetes taking oral antidiabetic agents alone are controlled.

Key words:
Diabetes mellitus,type 2; Hypoglycemic agents; Blood glucose; Dyslipidemias


One of the most studied areas for adaptive filtering is the one related to acoustic applications. Both the simplicity of the configuration and the immediate methods to evaluate the performance contributed to the popularity of this binomial pair: adaptive filtering and acoustic applications. Lately, a new step in acoustic application has been made, including the acoustic Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) setups. In this context, we have to compute the inverse of very large matrices, we have to reduce (as much as possible) the echo, even during double-talk periods, and we have to do it with reduced costs. With such configurations, including also stereophonic systems, new approaches as the dichotomous coordinate descent (DCD) iterations were introduced. The objective of the special session Advances in Adaptive Filtering for Acoustic Applications is to identify novel forms of adaptive algorithms, designed for the new acoustic applications reality from the performance point of view, nevertheless efficient from the implementation complexity perspective. In other words, the four included papers present the theoretical models, the efficient implementation solutions and an example of real application. Keywords-adaptive filtering; acoustic applications; VR-RLS;


In recent writings on post-industrial economies the idea of the commodification of sexuality is highly visible. Yet many of these analyses tend to overlook the important debates in sexuality studies which have questioned both essentialist and utopic readings of the commodification aesthetic. In this article, I draw on some of these insights to think through the commodification of sexuality at work, especially in regard to the `lesbian' at work. In particular I ask if post-industrial service work may be currently constitutive of a `lesbian postmodern'. In so doing I suggest that the commodification aesthetic may be read as involving the making of sexual subjects at work. But I also consider the ways in which the terms of recognition of the `lesbian' at work may deny claims towards particular forms of workplace capital through a definition of performances of sexuality at work in terms of categories of immanence. I suggest this raises problems for arguments which suggest workplace justice in regard to sexuality may be best achieved through a politics of recognition, since the terms of recognition or visibility at work may themselves not be neutral.


This paper summarizes some new results and schemes within GMPLS framework that take full advantage of WDM/DWDM optical layer taking into consideration the limitations imposed by optical network. We focus on dynamically establishing light paths and autonomously recovering from failures in IP over WDM multilayer networks.


This work addresses the problem of inefficient bandwidth utilization in optical telecommunication systems caused by network impairments such as latency, congestion, packet loss ratio and error ratio. The proposed solution is a software based system that implements User Datagram Protocol (UDP), the Java platform and custom designed transmission control mechanisms. The system offers flexibility in configuration, can be deployed over existing telecommunication infrastructure and does not require modifications to the hardware layer of the network infrastructure.


Major depressive disorder (MDD) is common, and suicide is a public health issue and an important cause of early death. The majority of all suicides occur in relation to mood disorders, but other psychiatric disturbances, including alcoholism and drug abuse, are also related to the suicide etiology. There has been a substantial decrease of suicides in Sweden from 1995 to 2005, probably following the increased use of antidepressants during the same period [1]. The most commonly used antidepressants are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. This may indicate that serotonergic mechanisms are involved in the etiology of suicidal behavior. This is also in accordance with an early study showing decreased concentrations of the serotonin metabolite, 5-hydroxy-indole acetic acid, in cerebrospinal fluid from suicidal patients [2].


(57) Abstract: The present invention records the metabolite parameters by the data collection device and subsequently to an apparatus and method for the determination of biological concentration of the fluid to be converted.


Unlike numerous publications that abstract or summarize articles appearing in the literature for a given year, this series analyzes in depth a selected number of subjects important in obstetrics and gynecology. The present volume discusses 16 topics, ranging from the structure and function of the amnion to urologic injuries, from fetal lipid metabolism to carcinoma of the vulva, from the sudden infant death syndrome to biostatistics in obstetrics and gynecology. Unfortunately, the collection is an effort to provide something for everybody. With 19 different contributing authors, there is a marked difference in the excellence as well as the value of the different articles. Some of the chapters might be quite incomprehensible to the average practicing obstetrician-gynecologist. Others, such as those on operative procedures and practice problems, even though summarizing recent developments in these fields, would hold little interest to the research biologist, chemist, physiologist, or statistician. Almost all the sections


During the past few years considerable attention has been directed to disturbances in function of the endocrine glands. I t is generally admitted that infection is one of the most important etiologic factors in producing changes in these organs. As the sinuses, tonsils and teeth are the most com: mon sources of focal infections, the subject should be of particular interest to one in our specialty. The endocrine system is composed of a number of socalled ductless glands which produce complicated chemical substances termed "hormones." These internal secretions contain very active chemical agents which are disseminated throughout the body by the circulating fluids and are capable of producing striking reactions in remote organs. Some of these substances play an important part in early growth and development, while others are just as significant in relation to destructive changes and disease processes. The endocrine organs which have been studied most and those in which the incretory phenomena is best understood may be briefly summarized as follows: The hypophysis cerebri, or pituitary gland. The epiphysis cerebri, or pineal gland. The lymph glands including the tonsils and adenoids in which we are particularly interested. The thyroid and parathyroid glands. The suprarenals, which consist of two parts having entirely different functions (a) the medullary or' chromaffine portion, (b) the cortical or internal portion. Also the pancreas containing the islands of Langerhans, in which insulin is generated.


In this article I will discuss the possible use of automatic speech recognition (ASR) for training students to improve their accents in a foreign language. Principles of good language training as well as the limits of the use of Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) and how to deal with them will be discussed first. I will then use the example of the Carnegie Mellon FLUENCY system to show concretely how such a system may function. Prosody training as well as phonetics will be emphasized. Finally, I will underscore the importance of having a system that adapts to the user, again using the FLUENCY system as an example.


Cloud computing is an emerging standard in modern days for the purpose of sharing huge data, as it affords numerous user friendly behaviors. Cloud computing services offer an extensive range of resource pool in order to maintain huge scale data. Although, cloud computing model is disposed to several cyber‐attacks and security problems regarding cloud structure, because of the dynamic and distribute character and exposures in virtualization implementation. Distributed denial‐of‐service (DDoS) attack is a type of cyber‐attack, which disturbs the usual traffic of targeted cloud server. Moreover, DDoS produces malicious traffic in cloud structure, and thus consumes cloud resources. In this paper, an effective DDoS attack detection model, named fractional anti corona virus student psychology optimization‐based deep residual network (FACVSPO‐based DRN) is implemented using spark architecture. The devised FACVSPO approach is newly designed by incorporating anti coronavirus optimization (ACVO) algorithm, fractional calculus (FC) and student psychology based optimization (SPBO) model. Moreover, the hybrid correlative scheme is designed for extracting significant features for attack detection. The DRN structure is utilized for performing attack recognition, which categorizes the data as normal or attack. In addition, the DRN classifier is trained by the developed FACVSPO approach. The developed attack detection model outperformed other existing techniques in terms of testing accuracy, true negative rate (TNR), true positive rate (TPR) of 0.9236, 0.9141, and 0.9412, respectively. The testing accuracy of the implemented model is 12.02%, 8.92%, 7.27%, 6.30%, 5.68%, and 1.20% better than the existing methods, such as Taylor‐elephant herd optimisation based deep belief network (TEHO‐DBN), deep learning, deep neural network (DNN), multiple kernel learning, Fuzzy Taylor elephant herd optimisation (EHO)‐based DBN, fractional anti corona virus optimization‐deep neuro fuzzy network (FACVO‐based DNFN), respectively. Similarly, the TNR is 10.14%, 6.88%, 5.94%, 5.46%, 4.25%, and 3.28% and TPR is 12.33%, 9.46%, 8.05%, 7.41%, 6.02%, and 3.04% better than the existing methods.


There are three types of linear stability theories which are currently being used to predict the onset of breakup of liquid jets or sheets. Temporal theory which is most commonly used, because of its simplicity, assumes that the disturbance responsible for the breakup grows temporally at the same rate everywhere in space. A less commonly used spatial theory assumes the disturbance grows in space, because the breakup appears to take place in the region downstream of the location where the liquid is introduced. The most complete theory is that of spatio-temporal instability. This theory has not yet been applied widely because of its mathematical and numerical complexity. It is demonstrated here with an example that a flow may be predicted to be neutral according to pure spatial or pure temporal theory, while it is actually stable according to the spatio-temporal theory. The prediction of the latter theory is shown to agree with the numerical solution of the initial value problem. Corresponding author INTRODUCTION The onset of breakup of a plane liquid sheet has been investigated by Squire [1], Fraser et al. [2], Hagerty and Shea [3]. These authors assumed that the disturbance which causes the sheet breakup is periodic in space and grows temporally everywhere in space at the same rate. The linear Stability theory based on this assumption is called pure temporal theory. The application of the temporal theory to various problems of jet breakup has been recently reviewed by Yoon and Heister [4]. The temporal theory predicts that a plane liquid sheet of an inviscid fluid is unstable in We>1, where We= Uh/S is the Weber number, , U, h, and S being, respectively the density, velocity, and the half sheet thickness. The disturbance in the temporal theory does not grow in space, and thus its temporal growth rate cannot be compared directly with the experimentally observed spatial growth. However the spatial growth rate may be inferred in some cases by multiplying the temporal growth rate with the group velocity to yield approximately the growth rate of the disturbance as they are convected as a group in the downstream direction. This approach has been applied by Reitz and Braco [5] to estimate the jet breakup length. On the other hand when We<1, the temporal theory predicts that a breakup cannot be initiated by small disturbances in the liquid sheet. This is contrary to the experimental observation of Brown [6] and Taylor [7]. Both of them observed the breakup to take place in We<1. This paradox is resolved by de Luca and Costa [8]. They consider the disturbance to be growing both spatially and temporally. They were able to predict that when We<1, the disturbance actually grows in time as it is convected simultaneously in the downstream as well as upstream direction. Their results agree qualitatively with the experiments of Brown and Taylor. The distinction between the temporal and spatio-temporal theories has been further expounded by Lin [9]. There is a third type of linear stability theory which considers the disturbance to oscillate in time and grow in space. This type of theory is termed pure spatial theory. The danger of a naïve use of this type of theory is already pointed out by Drazin and Reid [10] in connection with shallow water wave motion. The use of the spatial theory and the other two types of theories to the liquid sheet will be contrasted in this paper. The theoretical predictions mentioned in the previous paragraph are all based on the large time asymptotic behavior of the disturbance. The physical significance of the large time asymptotic results must be properly understood. A disturbance may grow initially before decaying to zero as time goes to infinity as predicted by the linear theory. If the initial growth is so rapid that nonlinear effects become important in a very short time, then the large time asymptotic linear predictions become insignificant. The initial transient growth of the varicose mode of disturbance will be related with its large time behavior in the plane liquid sheet. This particular example is chosen here because the varicose mode was not considered in the writer's previous work on the comparison between the temporal and spatiotemporal theories [9]. The pure spatial theory will be also applied to the same example to Point out its pitfall. The objective of this paper is to illustrate how the linear theories may be properly applied to the problem of atomization and sprays. LINEAR STABILITY THEORIES Taylor [7] derived the following partial differential equation for the onset of long wavelength varicose disturbances in a plane liquid sheet, . 0 ) , ( ) ( 1 2 F We x t F xxxx x t (1) Eq. (1) was derived from Euler's equation of fluid motion and the corresponding boundary conditions, neglecting the effect of gravity and the surrounding air. In Eq. (1), t is the time non-dimensionalized with h/U, h and U being respectively the uniform half thickness and velocity of the flowing liquid sheet; x is the distance in the flow direction normalized with h, and F is the displacement of the free surface by the disturbance from the unperturbed free surface in the y-direction which is perpendicular to x. The displacement is also normalized with h. In arriving at Eq. (1), the velocity and pressure are normalized respectively with U and U . 2 Taking the double Fourier transform of Eq. (1) with respect to t and x, one has ), , ( ] ) ( [ 0 0 2 4 1 t x f k k We D (2) where , ) , ( ) ( dxdt e t x F f t kx i (3) and ) , ( 0 0 t x arises from the Dirac delta displacement introduced on the free surface at , and 0 x x 0 t t . The wave number k and the wave frequency in Eq. (1) are defined by h K k / and = (U/h) were K and / are the dimensional wave number and frequency respectively. The physical free surface position can be obtained by the inverse Fourier transform of f . 2 1 ) ( dkd fe F t kx i (4) It follows from Eq. (3) that


This paper investigates the effect of suspension kinematics and compliance (K&C) characteristics on vehicle steering characteristics. The model is built via CarSim and verified by experimental data. Based on our previous research and engineering experience, the suspension K&C characteristics and their characteristic parameters are summarized. Several important characteristic parameters are selected as factors and their levels are made. The orthogonal method is employed for the simulation and analysis. The steady-state circular test, the steering wheel angle step input test, and the steering wheel impulse input test are performed in the simulation. Furthermore, the influence sequence of those characteristic parameters on the understeer, yaw response time and harmonic peak frequency are studied. Finally, the sensitivity of suspension K&C characteristics on the vehicle steering is derived.


Literature has been produced over the last fifteen years in Papua New Guinea (PNG) concerned with the increasing level of socioeconomic differentiation which has accompanied political independence. Consensus exists that postcolonial PNG is experiencing increasing disparities in education, wealth, political power, and the general set of benefits typically associated with development and modernization. This author argues that studies of such growing socioeconomic stratification in the country have ignored or dismissed gender as a source of inequality. She focuses upon educational opportunity as the key to wealth and political power and shows that the most educationally disadvantaged group in PNG is rural women. Data to support her thesis are drawn from national censuses, the author's field work in the area of Madang Province, and literature on stratification. The national census includes data from both lowland and highland populations. Since the authors' field site is culturally and ecologically highland, however, the paper focuses upon the highlands, using data from nonhighland areas primarily for comparative purposes.


The control system (CS) for the cryogenic arrangement of the DO Liquid Argon Calorimeter consists of a Texas instruments 560/565 Programmable Logical Controller (PLC), two remote bases with Remote Base Controllers and a corresponding set of input/output (I/O) modules, and a PC AST Premium 286 (IBM AT Compatible). The PLC scans a set of inputs and provides a set of outputs based on a ladder logic program and PID control loops. The inputs are logic or analog (current, voltage) signals from equipment status switches or transducers. The outputs are logic or analog (current or voltage) signals for switching solenoids and positioning pneumatic actuators. Programming of the PLC is preformed by using the TISOFT2/560/565 package, which is installed in the PC. The PC communicates to the PLC through a serial RS232 port and provides operator interface to the cryogenic process using Xpresslink software.


ABSTRACT
 This study reports the first classification of cytological structures in developing gonads of cultivated Haliotis midae. Gonad tissue from animals ranging from 6–48 mo of age was evaluated histologically. The process of oogenesis was divided into 9 distinct stages according to the size and histological structures of each cell type, whereas spermatogenesis was divided into 5 distinct stages. Six-mo-old animals showed initial development of germinal epithelium, whereas at 12 mo of age, the gonad cavity was visible. In 18-mo-old males, spermatogonia and primary spermatocytes were identified, whereas in 24-mo-old males, all cell stages of spermatogenesis were present. Oogonia and stage 1 oocytes were seen in the gonad cavity of an 18-mo-old female, whereas in the gonad of 2-y-old females, all stages of oogenesis could be distinguished, although mature oocytes were not abundant.


Significance It was previously believed that placental mammals present no variability in oxytocin (OXT). The present study reports novel data on the diversity of OXT and its receptor (OXTR) in primate species, including New World monkeys. Contrary to prior expectations, we found three novel OXT forms and several OXTR nonsynonymous changes not previously described. In the Cebidae family, signals of positive selection were found for an OXT variant at position 8, which is associated with larger litter sizes. We detected positive selection for OXTR forms and report a coevolutionary process between changes in OXT and OXTR. Oxytocin is a nonapeptide involved in a wide range of physiologic and behavioral functions. Until recently, it was believed that an unmodified oxytocin sequence was present in all placental mammals. This study analyzed oxytocin (OXT) in 29 primate species and the oxytocin receptor (OXTR) in 21 of these species. We report here three novel OXT forms in the New World monkeys, as well as a more extensive distribution of a previously described variant (Leu8Pro). In structural terms, these OXTs share the same three low-energy conformations in solution during molecular dynamic simulations, with subtle differences in their side chains. A consistent signal of positive selection was detected in the Cebidae family, and OXT position 8 showed a statistically significant (P = 0.013) correlation with litter size. Several OXTR changes were identified, some of them promoting gain or loss of putative phosphorylation sites, with possible consequences for receptor internalization and desensitization. OXTR amino acid sites are under positive selection, and intramolecular and intermolecular coevolutionary processes with OXT were also detected. We suggest that some New World monkey OXT-OXTR forms can be correlated to male parental care through the increase of cross-reactivity with its correlated vasopressin system.


An object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal display or the middle finger of the ferroelectric liquid crystal in the antiferroelectric liquid crystal active matrix type liquid crystal display device with high definition is obtained and high-speed response is "step response" does not look, the optical field of view. A liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the liquid crystal drive system and a pair of substrates and the pair of substrates with a plurality of scanning lines on the substrate on one side, and the liquid crystal drive system is an active element for information recording, while the other at least during selection of a particular scanning line one scanning line that in which a reset active element for performing a reset operation has been characterized.


The changes in hypothalamic and peripheral serum levels of LH/FSH releasing factor (RF) and pituitary and serum levels of LH and FSH were examined at systematic intervals from 1–60 days after gonadectomy in the adult male rat. On the basis of our results, it appears that the post-castrational changes in RF and LH can be divided empirically into two phases. Phase I is characterized by an immediate 15-fold rise in serum LH levels of castrates, relative to shams, which is detectable within 24 h after castration. During this phase, which lasted until the seventh post-castrational day, there were no significant differences in pituitary LH content or in serum or hypothalamic RF levels. At about the seventh day, Phase II seemed to begin and was characterized by an abrupt, marked rise in serum LH levels which reached a level 3 times that seen during Phase I by the 14th post-castrational day. Coincident with these increases in LH levels, pituitary LH increased by 3-fold and hypothalamic RF dropped to less than 50%...


Piezoelectric materials are used increasingly in the fabrication of adaptive (smart) structures. This study presents a set of closed-form solutions for generalized edge dislocations (gliding, climbing, and potential) that can be used in the computational fracture mechanics analysis of transversely isotropic piezoelectric solids. These solutions are the basic influence functions required in the development of versatile boundary elementbased displacement discontinuity methods for piezoelectric solids. Fourier integral transforms are used in the analysis. Exact analytical solutions for two-dimensional governing equations of transversely isotropic piezoelectric solids are used. Boundary-value problems corresponding to three types of dislocations are defined and solved. The inverse Fourier transforms are performed analytically to obtain closed-form solutions. The solutions for point and strip discontinuities of displacements and electric potential can be derived from the present solutions using elementary math...


Transaction costs make significant impact on determining the costs of logistics and inventory in companies marketing consumer wholesale products. Effective management of transaction cost helps companies ensure competitive prices, and induce loyalty among the consumers. This paper aims at analysing the transactions cost, and its relationship with wholesale prices. It critically examines the previous studies on transaction cost approach of wholesaler firms in reference to the cost incurred in their brands using 'direct-to-customer' strategy. Data in this study has been collected in reference to two large wholesale outlets in Mexico City. This study reveals that wholesaler brands are price competitive and effectively reduce the uncertainty of supplies as they address the existing demand in the market. The wholesale brands largely meet the price expectation of consumers and enhance their satisfaction level. Large wholesaling firms reduce their transaction costs by lowering the margin spread among the suppliers, and obtaining supplies from a limited number of suppliers nationwide.


The inherent strengths of Java in the areas of dynamic, wireless configurability and platform independence make it an ideal choice for the deployment of next-generation telematics systems. Consider a situation in which new legislation requires detailed real-time tracking of hazardous loads carried by commercial vehicles. The framework discussed in this paper uses a Java-compatible platform, PERC , to facilitate rapid development of applications to handle such a situation. Following development, these applications can be downloaded from a single central location onto all commercial vehicles of a fleet using a variety of wireless technologies without the vehicles ever having to leave the road. The use of PERC, a JDK 1.3 compatible embedded Java virtual machine, means that application development and testing, together with environment simulation, can be performed on a standard desktop machine making full use of the advanced development and debugging tools available for the Java platform. Furthermore, the fact that the framework may be running on a variety of different hardware platforms within a fleet and using a variety of wireless protocols is completely transparent to the application developer. The paper opens with an introduction of challenges facing the commercial/fleet telematics industry. This is followed by a description of the vision underlying the embedded telematics Java framework and its connection using wireless networking to server systems. The main body of the paper discusses specific requirements generated by this vision and describes the overall architecture of the system together with specific implementation details. Particular reference is made to tradeoffs made due to hardware constraints, wireless communication costs, dynamic configurability, and platform independence. The paper closes with specific system use case examples and a summary conclusion.


The existence of divalent americium in a tetrahydrofuran (THF) solution was proved for the first time. The values of the solubility products (SP) of the complex compounds with the composition of MeI{sub 2}{centered dot}18-crown-6 (Me = Sm, Eu, Yb, Am, Cf, Es, Fm) in the THF solutions were determined by the cocrystallization method. The SP values obtained are within (5.9-7.9){centered dot}10{sup {minus}12} and are close to the SP value for SrI{sub 2}{centered dot}10{sup {minus}12}, which indicates a similarity in the properties of these elements.


At the invitation of Professor Sultan Muheisen, Director General of Antiquities and Museums of Syria, a team of the Polish Centre of Archaeology, Warsaw University, has continued this summer the work started in August 1998 We were working in Hawarte on behalf of the DGAM from June 5 to July 8, 1999.


Introduction Many clinical situations require treatment options for bone defects. Biodegradable scaffolds that can be injected and crosslinked in situ to fill these defects offer attractive additions to existing methods [1]. Although biocompatible polymers that can be injected and crosslinked in situ have been developed for bone tissue engineering, a toxic crosslinking agent such as N-vinyl pyrrolidone (NVP) or methacrylic anhydride in amounts greater than 20% by weight of the macromer is required for crosslinking [2]. We recently developed a novel semicrystalline poly(caprolactone-fumarate) (PCLF) macromer that self-crosslinks in the absence of a crosslinking agent. This semi-crystalline copolymer has a melting point between 45-55•C depending on PCL molecular weight and degree of copolymerization. Above its melting point, the copolymer is a liquid and it can be used as an injectable matrix to fill irregularly shaped defects. As the matrix cools to physiological temperature, the copolymer self-crosslinks and hardens in-situ physically by crystallization and chemically by radical polymerization. The objective of this work was to characterize the material properties and biocompatibility of the PCLF macromer.


In this paper we present our theoretical study of 2D hexagonal and cubic rods GaAs in air, with plan wave expansion (PWE) and finite difference time domain (FDTD) by using BandSOLVE and FullWAVE of Rsoft photonic CAD package. In order to investigate the effect of symmetry and radius, we performed calculations of the band structures for both TM and TE polarization, contour and electromagnetic propagation and transmission spectra. Our calculations show that the hexagonal structure gives a largest band gaps compare to cubic one for a same filling factor.


Based on an open experience, without exception, related to listening to all the protagonists of the drama involved in the Burundian conflict, this research has examined how torturers or alleged offenders in the context of Burundian conflict would have been victims themselves. It explores the issue of loss and bereavement among ex-combatants, involved in the post-war criminality in Burundi. In terms of methodology, we preferred to use a qualitative and clinical approach centered on ex-combatants. We conducted a series of interview focusing on the lived experience of ex-combatants and data mainly gathered from these testimonies constitutes the basis of psychological analysis of a phenomenon with strong socio-politico-legal connotation. Therefore, this study provide a concise description of the mourning suffered by the ex-combatants' involved in post-war criminality, articulated into two axes. On one hand, results indicate that ex-combatants can experience very strong and lasting emotions related to consecutive losses during the pre-war period. The mourning in suffering gets complicated since the entry of ex-combatants in the fight armed until their exit. On the other hand, we observed a mourning process related to the conversion of ex-combatants into an ordinary habitant. Learn to live without weapons, the group's force, the fighting spirit and/or the weapons' profession is not necessary an easy task for them. Thus, it is especially in terms of recurrence of the fighting spirit and the self negative image of ex-combatants that may lead to their involvement in post-war criminality. Indeed, this is or neither one act new nor an entry in a new logic, only the contexts and circumstances has changed. But this evolution does not allow that the griefs in suffering that underlie this criminal involvement are resolved.


Hexokinases (HK) catalyze the first step of glycolysis and thereby limit its pace. HK2 is highly expressed in the gut epithelium, plays a role in immune responses and is upregulated in inflammation and ulcerative colitis 1–3. Here, we examined the microbial regulation of HK2 and its impact on intestinal inflammation by generating mice lacking HK2 specifically in intestinal epithelial cells (Hk2ΔIEC). Hk2ΔIEC mice were less susceptible to acute intestinal inflammation upon challenge with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). Analyzing the epithelial transcriptome from Hk2ΔIEC mice during acute colitis revealed downregulation of cell death signaling and mitochondrial dysfunction dependent on loss of HK2. Using intestinal organoids derived from Hk2ΔIEC mice and Caco-2 cells lacking HK2, we identified peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIF) as a key target of HK2-mediated regulation of mitochondrial permeability and repression of cell-death during intestinal inflammation. The microbiota strongly regulated HK2 expression and activity. The microbially-derived short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) butyrate repressed HK2 expression and oral supplementation protected wildtype but not Hk2ΔIEC mice from DSS colitis. Our findings define a novel mechanism how butyrate may act as a protective factor for intestinal barrier homeostasis and suggest targeted HK2 inhibition as a promising therapeutic avenue in intestinal inflammation.


An antenna for an inductively coupled type plasma generation device having a PCB(Printed Circuit Board) is provided to simplify manufacture of the antenna having a complicated shape for improving the uniformity of a plasma by patterning an antenna circuit on a substrate. An antenna for an inductively coupled type plasma generation device includes a PCB(10), and a connection unit(30). Antenna patterns are etched and formed on the PCB(10). The connection unit(30) has a core unit(32), and a supporting unit(34). The core unit(32) supports to stack the PCB(10) in parallel, and has a metallic material on a center thereof to electrically connect the antenna patterns formed on the PCB(10). The connection unit(30) has a supporting unit which is formed as an insulator on an outer side of the core unit(32). The antenna patterns are formed on both upper/lower planes of the PCB(10). The PCB(10) has a hollow shape or donut shape of a rectangular shape by removing the other area except an antenna pattern forming area.


Using wild jujube as material,fruit wine production techniques were studied by orthogonal test.The optimal production parameters are determined.In details,the sugar content of fermentation broth was 20.46%,the inoculum of domesticated strain was 6.98%,and the fermentation temperature was 30℃.The fruit wine made from wild jujube is nutritive.


The dominance of the Indonesian population in 2018 for the productive age group (aged 15-64) reached 67.6% of 265,000,000 people, with 25.2% adolescents among the productive ages. Adolescence seek new ways to redefine themselves (identity processes) and to explore new ideas and challenges, so it is important to understand how they influence others and how they could have an impact on their families, communities, and the world. This understanding will encourage adolescents to become political actors to take action (WTTA) by influencing society on ecological citizenship, which concerns rights, entitlements, duties, obligations, and responsibilities to ensure that ecological footprints make a sustainable impact. Adolescents need community and social support to develop this ecological citizenship along with their own identity processing and coping with their life struggles. The idea of this paper is to offer food chemistry education as an alternative health and nutrition information so as to facilitate the ability of adolescents to achieve the appropriate development for ecological citizenship. This paper aims to discuss how food chemistry education develops Indonesian adolescents as the future generation who will manage the quality of the environment by becoming ecological citizens through their various life struggles. The discussion will be based on a literature review.


The invention relates to an airlock of a welding flux reclaimer, which comprises a horizontal round barrel, wherein both ends of the barrel are provided with end caps, an impeller is arranged in the barrel and comprises an impeller shaft, a first wheel disc, a second wheel disc and blades, two shaft ends of the impeller shaft can be rotatablely supported on the two end caps, and one shaft end is connected with a motor. The air lock is characterized in that the impeller shaft, the first wheel disc and the second wheel disc are made of metal and form a metallic impeller framework, a flexible colloid coating layer is arranged on the outer surface of the metallic impeller framework, the blades are made of flexible colloids, and the edges of the blades are in clearance fit with the barrel. In the invention, the metallic impeller framework is adopted for the impeller, therefore, the strength and the rigidity of the impeller are ensured; and because the flexible colloid coating layer outside the metallic impeller framework and the blades made of the flexible colloids can be deformed and no clearance is reserved between the blades and the barrel, the phenomenon of blockage by large-grain materials cannot occur, therefore, the airlock has safe and reliable operation.


The Department provides key policy support to the Irish government work on the following key national policy areas: Economic and Social Policy; European and International Affairs; Information Society Policy; Northern Ireland; Public Service Modernisation; and Social Partnership.
Sector: General
Address: Government Buildings, Upper Merrion Street, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland
Phone: +353 (0)1 662 4888
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com


Introduction The 1990s has been a decade of contradictions, of order and chaos, of integration and fragmentation. On the one hand, the world has witnessed more than 30 intrastate wars, which have torn apart countries in Asia, Africa, and Europe.(1) On the other hand, some of the most intractable conflicts of the past 50 years - in Angola, Mozambique, Ethiopia, Israel/Palestine, Guatemala, El Salvador, Northern Ireland, and South Africa - have been brought, with varying degrees of success and some failures, toward peaceful settlement.(2) How can we account for these two apparently different phenomena? Are they contradictory or linked? Are some places simply ripe for war and others for peace? Are there conjunctural or contextual factors that lead some societies toward dissolution, while others find ways of reintegrating? Is it the involvement of external interlocutors that contribute to peace? Or, is there some unique set of factors at work here, one that plays a major role in both the onset of domestic wars and the move toward resolution? In this article, I make an effort to consider these and other questions. I begin with a discussion of the changing character of war and the rise of "neoliberal peace" as the solution to intrastate conflicts. I then turn to a consideration of the contradiction described above - the recent proliferation of both war and peace. In the part three, I describe why reconciliation is so difficult and largely absent from the contemporary literature on peacemaking and conflict resolution. What Price Peace? This article is based on two arguments. First, the onset of intrastate war and its resolution are not some sort of organic or determined historical process arising from social, ethnic, or other kinds of ascriptive differences. Though there are specific permissive conditions within societies that may move them toward internal conflict and war, and although historical and cultural attributes such as "ethnicity" may loom large if friction develops between communities, it is the instrumental activities of particular powerful individuals, elites, and groups that mobilize populations and trigger outbreaks of domestic violence (Frederickson, 1997: 74; Lipschutz, 1998a). Second, the settlement of civil conflicts such as those listed above has generally come about not because societies have become "exhausted" of war or because people have mobilized in peace movements to demand an end to fighting. Rather, they are again the result of the decisions and actions of specific individuals, elites, and groups in positions of power and authority, who recognize that they can realize greater benefits from "peace" than from the continuation of a state of high tension or war. In other words, what I offer is not a structural explanation for the causes of either recent wars or consequent peace arrangements, although elements of historical structures, in the Gramscian sense, do play an important role in explaining these outcomes (Cox, 1987). Yet, neither am I proposing a rational choice explanation, inasmuch as history and culture do matter, although not as the immutable, fixed referents they are sometimes made out to be (Delmas, 1997; Lipschutz, 1999). The instrumentalism inherent in the dynamics of domestic war has been recognized in recent negotiations and settlements. As the case of Angola illustrates (albeit unsuccessfully), it is often necessary to "buy off" Big Men if warring armies are to be persuaded to put down their arms. Sometimes, it is necessary to guarantee warring elites a place in a "government of reconciliation," where they can share in (or skim off) the fruits of international assistance and investment. At other times, as with the late President Mobutu of Zaire, it may be prudent to buy them a plane ticket to a safe haven, one that will also protect their bank accounts and real estate. Yet, these agreements leave much to do. Although such a peace might be counted a success by foreign negotiators, critical lacunae that are often not addressed remain. …


The concepts of further education - care and development are considered. Additional general educational programs are justified taking into account age and individual characteristics of children, adolescents and youth. The possibilities of a digital educational environment for teaching future teachers to design additional chemical education in primary and secondary schools are considered.


Translation is an art mixed with science, a communicative media between different languages and nationalities and cultures. Thus translation deserves high translating skills and techniques, even appeals translators to understand different cultures well in which languages grow and develop .This paper according to narrows the topic to a brief discussion of translating standards and theories and influencing translating factors.


The existence of mobile banking services is currently experiencing rapid growth. Adopting such a large number of users makes mobile banking services one of the main needs to meet the needs of conducting financial transactions. Therefore, there is a need for additional information for mobile banking service developers on the dominant factors influencing user behavioral intentions. This research is present as a forum to provide an overview of the user's perspective on Mestika bank's mobile banking service. This research aims to find out what factors play an important role in behavioral intention to use Mestika bank's mobile banking services based on the UTAUT2 concept. The research instrument used a questionnaire distributed online to 240 respondents in Medan City and Pematangsiantar City, Indonesia. Next, the researcher tested the hypothesis using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) based on a variant called Partial Least Square (PLS) and the SmartPLS version 3.0 application as a tool to analyze it. This research concludes that effort expectancy has the most significant influence and plays a very important role in shaping the behavioral intention of using Mestika bank's mobile banking. Then performance expectancy and social influence hedonic motivation also significantly influence behavioral intentions to use Mestika bank's mobile banking. Furthermore, the results of this study also conclude that facilitating conditions and habit have no significant effect on behavioral intentions to use Mestika bank's mobile banking.


The use of census and transportation data products by the Planning Data Analysis Group (PDAG) at the New York State Department of Transportation is examined. PDAG's experience as both data provider and data user, the types of outreach efforts employed, typical data requests, and products developed and how they helped end users are described. The importance of census data to planning activities is highlighted through specific application examples that address travel access to a primary urban core, the use of census data for regional comprehensive planning, and the use of census data and geographic information systems for transit planning.


According to the characteristics of complex system and small sample number of rocket-assisted torpedo,we estimate loading reliability by using Bayesian assessment method to fuse a prior information.The Kullback informa-tion method and the optimization method are adopted to rectify the subjective problem in traditional environmental fac-tor calculation and test scenario design,and enhance the accuracy and objectivity of test scheme.Concrete assessment scenario is given on condition that the risk of consumer equals that of producer according to preset tactical and technical specifications.


The structure of the shell wall, particularly at the apertural margin, is described in the Callovian ammonoid Quenstedtoceras from Lukow, Poland. Ventral and lateral sides of the shell wall show periodic interruptions in shell secretion. As shown in the present study, these interruptions divide the shell wall into calcareous sublayers that are separated by thin intermediate layers of organic substance. In places, the organic layers increase considerably in thickness. The presence of organic layers between the calcareous sublayers increases the amount of organic substance in the shell wall. The shell aperture has a ventral rostrum. At the shell aperture, the shell wall decreases in thickness and forms a sharp-edged, thin, apertural margin that probably retains its shape in the adult stage. In comparison with Nautilus, the shell wall of Quenstedtoceras is much thinner at the aperture, has a longer growth zone and probably does not form a gerontic thickening. The shape of the apertural margin of Quenstedtoceras is also compared with that of the Callovian ammonoid Kosmoceras and of scaphitid ammonoids. Its significance in ammonoid anatomical design and function is discussed.


Research on the presidency of the EU shows mixed results. Although most scholars agree that the EU presidency is not able to advance its domestic interests in the European forum, Tallberg (2006) provides evidence for presidency effects. In the present paper, we empirically estimate presidency-based power in the Council of the European Union on the DEU data — a large-scale data set containing EU policy issues from various policy areas. We show that holding the presidency does significantly and positively contribute to the bargaining power of member states, but only in the final stages of decision-making.


A lot of research in graph mining has been devoted in the discovery of communities. Most of the work has focused in the scenario where communities need to be discovered with only reference to the input graph. However, for many interesting applications one is interested in finding the community formed by a given set of nodes. In this paper we study a query-dependent variant of the community-detection problem, which we call the community-search problem: given a graph G, and a set of query nodes in the graph, we seek to find a subgraph of G that contains the query nodes and it is densely connected. We motivate a measure of density based on minimum degree and distance constraints, and we develop an optimum greedy algorithm for this measure. We proceed by characterizing a class of monotone constraints and we generalize our algorithm to compute optimum solutions satisfying any set of monotone constraints. Finally we modify the greedy algorithm and we present two heuristic algorithms that find communities of size no greater than a specified upper bound. Our experimental evaluation on real datasets demonstrates the efficiency of the proposed algorithms and the quality of the solutions we obtain.


AIM:A new HPLC-MS method was developed to determine finasteride in human plasma.MET- HODS:Two formulations of finasteride tablets were given to 20 healthy male volunteers according to a random- ized 2-way cross-over design.The samples were extracted by ethyl acetate under basic conditions,then were sep- arated by C_(18) column and determined by mass detector.RESULTS:The calibration curve of finasteride was linear within the range of 0.3-50μg·L~(-1),with r=0.999 2.The recovery of this method was within 98.39%-104.76%, and intra-day and inter-day RSD were less than 10%.The pharmacokinetics parameters of the two formulations were(22±4)and(22±5)μg·L~(-1) for C_(max);(125±27)and(127±30)μg·h·L~(-1) for AUC_(0-24);(4.4±0.6)and (4.5±0.5) h for t_(1/2);(3.0±0.7)and(2.8±0.9)h for t_(max),respectively.The results indicated that there was no significant difference on c_(max),AUC_(0-24),t_(1/2) or t_(max) values between the two formulations.CONCLUTION:The rela- tive bioavailability of tabletsⅠwith respect to tabletsⅡis(99.3±9.2)% by the A UC_(0-24) measurement,and bioe quivalence is observed between the two tablets.


A global brightness-fluctuation compensation (GBC) scheme is proposed to improve coding efficiency for video scenes that contain global brightness fluctuations caused by fade- in/out, camera-iris adjustment, and so on. In this scheme, a set of two brightness-fluctuation parameters, which represent contrast and offset components of the brightness fluctuation in the whole frame, is first estimated. The brightness fluctuation is then compensated using the parameters. Furthermore, a block-by-clock ON/OFF control method for GBC is introduced to improve coding performance even for scenes including local fluctuations in brightness caused by camera flashed, spotlights, and the like. In this method, GBC is performed only on the blocks where the sum of the squared error produced using GBC is less than that produced without GBC. Simulation results show that the proposed GBC scheme with the ON/OFF control method greatly improves coding efficiency, especially for sequences with considerable global brightness fluctuation.


This paper proposes a new method of deriving 9-parameter affine 3D datum transformations by ordinary least-squares. Unlike previous methods, it covers all versions of the transformation. Initially, an 'average' scale factor is computed by distance analysis. Removing the scaling effect, the 'RIGOPT' subroutine is applied to optimise the rigid transformation that consists of 3 translations and 3 rotations. Using an equivalent enlargement hypothesis, the number of scale factors is increased to 3 by a short series of single-search-direction optimisations. The minimisation of residuals is verified by enclosing-interval analysis. The case studies cover datasets in Western Australia, Great Britain and Sweden.


In order to avoid the risk of bankruptcies' succession in financial institutions, research on financial transaction networks on systemic risks has been active globally, mainly in Europe. In this research, we propose a new strategy to reduce the bankruptcies' succession at minimum cost by constructing an inter-bank transactional network model composed of Erdos-Renyi network and Barabasi-Albert Model considering network property. As a result of the verification using agent-based modeling, it is verified that financial assistance implemented to stop the bankruptcies' succession will eventually increase the succession, and We clarified the importance of selection of financial institution implementing financial injection. We also show that eXtreme Gradient Boosting is effective as a method of selecting financial institutions and propose new strategies to improve accuracy.This is a major economic effect in the sense that it proposes the risk indicator that aims to improve the certainty of the investment of public money by analyzing the properties of the transaction network analysis of financial institutions.


Objective To study the nursing application value of raw rhubarb comprehensive enema method in treatment on paralytic ileus patients suffered with severe acute pancreatitis.Methods 49 patients with severe acute pancreatitis had been randomly divided into two groups(observation group,25 cases) and(control group,24 cases). Both groups were complied with pancreatitis treatment guidelines to guide treatment, and cooperated with Chinese traditional medicine raw rhubarb enema. Treatment group were adopted double cavity balloon catheter combined with thermostat retention enema method; While the control group adopted traditional retention enema method.Results Observation group were significantly superior to the control group(P0.05)in the retention enema time, the improvement of clinical symptoms(abdominal pain, abdominal distension, the bowel sounds recovery), the average natural bowel movement,for the first time such confinement, and The average hospitalization days.Conclusion Raw rhubarb comprehensive enema method can effectively relieve the severeacute pancreatitis patients from paralytic ileus gone with abdominal pain and abdominal distention, shorten the hospitalization time and raise the cure rate of severe acute pancreatitis. Popularization and application value was to be proven.


An image display device has a function that displays plural frame images by high-speed frame advancing, and includes: an operation portion for a high-speed frame advancing display operation for carrying out high-speed frame advancing display, and a stopping operation for stopping high-speed frame advancing; and a controlling unit controlling a display unit such that, when the high-speed frame advancing display operation is carried out, plural frame images are displayed at the display unit in a predetermined frame advancing order. The controlling unit controls the display unit such that, when the stopping operation is carried out, the high-speed frame advancing is stopped and frame images that were displayed are displayed at the display unit again by frame advancing in a reverse order thatis opposite the frame advancing order.


WAYNE R. SPENCER, B.S, M.S. P.O. BOX 8164 WICHITA, KS 67208 Much has been written on the origin of the solar system from evolutionary points of view. These views assume only natural processes were Involved and that the solar system Is billions of years In age. The currently accepted view, the Modified Nebula Hypothesis, and the Capture Theory are critiqued in the light of evidence for a young solar system. A creationist approach is proposed which allows for Intelligent design, an age of less than 10,000 years, and a major solar·system-wide catastrophe In the history of our solar system. Two possibilities for such a catastrophe are examined, a destroyed planet In the asteroid region and a debris cloud passing through the solar system. This approach Is more successful In explaining the solar system than the usual naturalistic origins theories.


With the rapid development of Web 2.0 and its related technologies, more and more end-users start to participate in the development of World Wide Web. Yet, not enough attention from both academics and industries has been paid to allowing them to compose services to assist their daily work. This is mainly due to the lack of a high-level abstraction that defines what concepts, functions, and system components a platform should equip to support end-user service composition. This paper first defines the crucial requirements of end-user friendly service composition tools, and then presents End-User Service Composition Model, a platform-independent meta-model that serves as a basis for the design and development of such an end-user friendly platform based on these requirements. Finally, the paper applies this meta-model to four existing end-user service composition platforms to see if they meet these requirements.


Traditional method of Cloud Motion Wind (CMW) provides only the binary gray\|level prediction of cloud covering. In this paper, using the theory of motion vector estimation,a new method that can predict the true gray\|level cloud covering is found. A GMS cloud image is divided into many small blocks with the same size in the method. These blocks are registered to a referenced image to get their motion vectors. By means of these vectors, true gray\|level prediction of cloud covering is got. Furthermore, the method is optimized to improve the speed. The method to smooth "mosaic" is also provided, and satisfactory prediction results are achieved.


Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) are increasingly being designed into lighting products for general illumination and are now gaining traction in the market. Several LED products are already available, but have generally been accepted only for low light level applications because of the low lumen output and poor quality of light for many of the products. Much of the reason for the low lumen output is the limited cooling capacity of natural convection which is most commonly used. Unlike incandescent, halogen based, or other traditional lighting technologies, LEDs need proper thermal management to increase the lumen output, maintain quality of light and ensure high reliability and useful life. This paper investigates synthetic jet technology as a viable option for forced convection cooling as an alternative for natural convection in LED products to enable higher lumen designs without compromising form factor, quality of light and reliability.


This paper addresses the design method of navigation system for the autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV), which includes overall navigation architecture, hardware and software structure. This paper is focused on how to build the integrated underwater navigation module which is applicable to various types of underwater vehicle rather than the navigation algorithm, itself. The autonomous underwater navigation system consists of many software, hardware components and the systematic integration of these components is very important to build up the efficient navigation system within the given resources. In order to achieve this goal, we introduce the systematic integration manner developing the modular autonomous underwater navigation system based on Open Platform for Robotic Service (OPRoS) [1].


Hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) in the atmosphere are regulated and monitored in Korea by the Air Pollution Control Act. To manage HAPs, accurate standards, which are traceable to the International System of Units (SI), are required. Primary reference gas mixtures (PRMs) are prepared gravimetrically and their amount fractions (mole fractions) are gravimetrically determined values. However, for reactive gases such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs), the gravimetric values can be changed due to physical adsorption loss onto the internal surface of the cylinder. The loss can result in significant difference between the gravimetric and actual mole fractions, which is crucial for developing accurate PRMs especially for reactive gases. In this study, the physical adsorption loss onto the internal surface of the cylinder was evaluated for developing VOCs at 5 nmol mol. Suites of VOC gas mixtures containing the 18 components at 5 nmol mol were gravimetrically prepared in aluminum cylinders. The potential physical adsorption loss was estimated by the cylinder-to-cylinder division method. The results showed that a significant physical adsorption loss occurred for acrylonitrile while little adsorption loss occurred for the other VOC components. The gravimetrically determined mole fraction for only acrylonitrile was corrected to account for the physical adsorption loss.


Reinforced concrete buildings that are not properly designed, constructed, or supervised, might not have the resistance to bear even their own weight. When the effects of deformation in the concrete over time are added to the loads, great damages and even collapses can be seen. In this study, the performance of reinforced concrete buildings under axial loads was investigated. The effect of creep in concrete over time was also evaluated. Creep deformation has been integrated into the analysis with a simple method. A total number of 20 8-storey reinforced concrete frame buildings were modeled via ETABS. In each model, only column dimensions and concrete compressive strengths have been changed. The models were analyzed under the combined effect of axial loads and creep. As a result, the effect of concrete compressive strength and column dimensions on collapse in reinforced concrete buildings under the mentioned effects was examined. The results showed that column dimensions should be much high to prevent collapse when low strength concrete is used in buildings. In addition, a formula that can be used to determine the parameters of concrete quality and column cross-sectional areas required against collapse is proposed for the preliminary design of similar types of buildings.


Clustering is a widely used machine learning technique for unlabelled data. One of the recently proposed techniques is the twin support vector clustering (TWSVC) algorithm. The idea of TWSVC is to generate hyperplanes for each cluster. TWSVC utilizes the hinge loss function to penalize the misclassification. However, the hinge loss relies on shortest distance between different clusters, and is unstable for noise-corrupted datasets, and for re-sampling. In this paper, we propose a novel Sparse Pinball loss Twin Support Vector Clustering (SPTSVC). The proposed SPTSVC involves the <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\epsilon$</tex-math></inline-formula>-insensitive pinball loss function to formulate a sparse solution. Pinball loss function provides noise-insensitivity and re-sampling stability. The <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\epsilon$</tex-math></inline-formula>-insensitive zone provides sparsity to the model and improves testing time. Numerical experiments on synthetic as well as real world benchmark datasets are performed to show the efficacy of the proposed model. An analysis on the sparsity of various clustering algorithms is presented in this work. In order to show the feasibility and applicability of the proposed SPTSVC on biomedical data, experiments have been performed on epilepsy and breast cancer datasets.


INTRODUCTION Anthropologists often examine naming systems in relation to building the social, naming as a way of making connections between groups. The relation between individual persons and their names is less often studied and it is this that I shall focus on here. A moment's consideration of ethnography reveals that we are not dealing with "a relation" but with a triangulation, that is, the complex field of interactive practices between those who confer and use a name, the person named, and the connotations of name itself. The literature on naming is in broad general agreement that conferring a name (on someone or something) is a performative act that involves a subject-constituting power and takes place within a wider field of conventions and ideological relations (Austin 1962; Bourdieu 1993; Hanks 1993). One might infer that the subsequent speaking out of this name simply partakes in the authoritative aura of this initial act of definition (Althusser 1971). Yet, as the Mongolian case shows, the practices of name-usage are situational, creative and playful. Located within the triangulation just mentioned we find situations of avoidance of naming, of disguise, mimesis, emulation, mockery, and self-protection, in which particular instances throw into sharp relief the relations between the self, one's name, and the external "society" of others. This chapter seeks to illuminate the processes whereby names have an active presence for persons' sense of selfhood.


In this study, Acoustic Emission (abbreviated as AE) sensor was fabricated using (Na,K,Li)(Nb,Ta,Zn)O3 system ceramics using thickness-shear-mode. The thickness-shear-mode piezoelectric device with the size of 8 × 6× 8 mm3 was determined from the result of ATILA simulation. Planar electromechanical coupling factor kp, piezoelectric constant d33 and g33 of (Na,K,Li)(Nb,Ta,Zn)O3 system ceramics showed the excellent values of 0.4366, 261[pC/N], and 40.11[×10−3 Vm/N], respectively, suitable for AE sensor device application. Thickness-shear-mode electromechanical coupling factor k15 showed 0.46 at the specimen size of 8 × 6× 8 mm3. The peak sensitivity and frequency of lead free type AE sensor showed 75.61 [dB] at 68.62 [kHz].


The carrier frequency offset (CFO) estimation through correlating a received Zadoff–Chu (ZC) sequence with a locally generated one is considered. The effect of the CFO on the correlation outputs is first analyzed. The obtained results justify for the first time the feasibility of estimating the CFO using an absolute value ratio (AVR)-based approach. Moreover, an existing AVR-based technique is re-visited and found to suffer from a sign flip problem, where the estimated CFO has a different sign from the true value, especially under small CFOs and/or low signal-to-noise ratios. An enhanced CFO estimator is thus proposed and shown to be able to effectively mitigate the sign flip issue and offer improved estimation accuracy over the original method.


To correct the range walk through resolution cell in Doppler beam sharpening (DBS) imaging, a new DBS imaging algorithm based on Keystone transform is proposed. Without the exact values of the movement parameters and the look angle of the radar platform in the multi-targets environment, a linear transform on the received data is employed to correct different range walk values accurately under the condition of Doppler frequency ambiguity in this algorithm. This method can realize the coherent integration in azimuth dimension and improve the azimuth resolution. In order to reduce the computational burden, a fast implementation of Keystone transform is used. Theoretical analysis and simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the new algorithm. And through comparing the computational load of the fast implementation with several other algorithms, the real-time processing ability of the proposed algorithm is superior to that of other algorithms.


A series of O,O-diphenyl [substituted (2-selenomorpholin-4-yl-acetyl amino)] alkyl phosphonates were synthesized by the reactions of selenomorpholine with O,O-diphenyl 2-chloro- acetylamino alkyl phosphonates. The structures of all new compounds have been confirmed by 1 H NMR, 31 P NMR, IR spectroscopy, Mass spectroscopy and elemental analyses.


[Objective]The research aimed to investigate the bioturbation effects of benthic fish Misgurnus anguillicaudatus on phosphorus dynamic in overlying water of paddy field,as well as to explore the bioturbation mechanism.[Method]Based on simulation experiment,the phosphorus contents in overlying water were analyzed comparatively with and without Misgurnus anguillicaudatus by the using of ion chromatography and spectrophotometry.[Result]The concentrations of total phosphorus(TP),dissolved total phosphorus(DTP)and particular phosphorus(PP)in bioturbation group had no significant differences with those in control group in initial stage of experiment,and became significantly higher than control group in middle and late stages of experiment(P0.05). The PP/TP ratios in bioturbation group were bigger than those in control group,the increase of TP concentration in bioturbation group was mainly due to the increase of PP. The ratios of dissolved inorganic phosphorus(DIP) to DTP (DIP/DTP) were significantly bigger than those in control group in middle and late stages of experiment(P0.05).[Conclusion]The benthic fish had bioturbation effects on phosphorus in overlying water of paddy field,which increased the available phosphorus for rice growth.


Nonlinear optical conversion of high-energy 1.064 μm pulses from a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser to the mid-infrared is demonstrated. The experimental setup is based on a two-stage master-oscillator/power-amplifier (MOPA) design with a KTiOPO4 based MOPA in the first stage and a KTiOAsO4/ZnGeP2 based MOPA in the second stage. The setup can be tuned to provide output at wavelengths within the transparency range of ZnGeP2. We obtain more than 8 mJ at 8 μm, and up to 33 mJ in the 3-5 μm wavelength region. The measured beam quality factors are in the range M2 =2-4 for both wavelength regions.


Allethrin-(E)-Ol (IV), allethrin-(E)-al (V) and allethrin-(E)-acid (VI), the metabolites of allethrin (III) in the insect body, were synthesized. Their low toxicities to houseflies seem to support the hypothesis that they are products of the detoxication process of allethrin.


Violence against women and girls (VAWG) is a worldwide problem. On an average, one in three women has been battered, or undergone coercion or abuse in some or other way in her lifetime.1 Tackling violence against women is a challenge faced by all countries of the world, and the efforts are driven as much by health-related and economic reasons as by humanitarian and egalitarian concerns. Women suffer death as a result of violence, either directly in the form of homicide or indirectly through suicide, with 38 per cent of their murders being committed by their intimate partners.2 Thousands more die due to maternity related causes or lethal diseases like HIV. Women who experience intimate partner violence are twice as likely


Echinococcosis is a serious zoonotic disease caused by a larval stage of the tapeworm from genus Echinococcus. Dogs act as definitive hosts and infect humans and farm animals. The article presents the results of a study of feces of 1020 dogs from Zhambyl, Kyzylorda, Turkestan, Almaty, Zhetysu, Karaganda, Aktobe, Pavlodar and Akmola regions for Echinococcus granulosus, collected in 2021-2022. Eggs of Taeniia spp., Toxocara canis, Toxascaris leonina, Trichuris vulpis, Ancylostoma caninum were found using copro-ovoscopy methods. Helminth samples were differentiated by amplification and sequencing using the Ef1a translation elongation factor marker gene. Based on the analysis of the nucleotide sequences of 22 egg samples, two samples were identified as E. granulosus. Based on the G protein primer, the G1 genotype was established. These samples were deposited in the NCBI GenBank database (accession numbers ON630760 and ON630761). For the first time, molecular genetic characterization of the echinococcosis causative agent in the final hosts was carried out in Kazakhstan.