The present urban maglev which has been developed in Korea is controlled by 4-edge control method over each bogie. The control output which is derived from two gap sensors and one vertical acceleration sensor controls magnet to maintain a nominal gap. But, the gap signal acts as a big disturbance in rail joint though two gap sensors are used and finally result in unstable response and poor ride comfort. This paper treats of a method to compensate the gap signal in rail joint for the levitation control of urban maglev. The physically abnormal change of gap is detected when one gap sensor passes a rail joint, the disturbance of gap in rail joint is estimated. Finally the disturbance in gap signal is eliminated by processing the information of vehicle speed and estimated disturbance in when the other gap sensor passes a rail joint.


Circuit board (20) for providing power to a computing system comprising: a power plane (30) having a first power distribution section (31) and a central power distribution region; a first connector (23) to receive a first output signal from a first power source (51), said connector pins (39) of the first connector (23) with the first power distribution plane portion (31) are connected; a second connector (25) to receive a second power signal from a second power source (52), said connector pins (39) of the second connector (25) are connected to the first power distribution plane portion (31); a power output connector (21, 24) to provide a power signal to the computing system, wherein the connector pins (37, 45) of the power output connector (21, 24) are connected with the central power distribution region; and Trenches (47) which are arranged in the power plane (30) such that in the first power distribution plane portion (31), a first current path from the first connector terminal pins (39) of the first connector (23) to the central power distribution area symmetrically to a second ...


Introduction Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) is one of major economic crops in Ghana after Cocoa. Oil palm is a crop that provides multiple outputs and it is the only plant whose fruit produces two types of oil, palm oil and palm kennel oil. Oil palm is a monocot and diploid (2n = 32 chromosomes) perennial tree crop.The conservation of oil palm genetic resources provides a reservoir of genes for the development of novel traits, a prerequisite for the improvement of profitability of the crop. The major limitations for the in situ conservation of oil palm are the large area needed and the high maintenance cost. These drive the need to conserve only those collections which are allelically diverse (Claude et al., 2007) The prerequisite for the efficient utilization of germplasm for crop improvement programmes is that, it must be properly evaluated, characterized and documented so that any group of entries carrying desired characteristics can be easily retrieved and used in breeding programs (Reddy et al., 2006). Information about genetic diversity permits the classification of germplasm into heterotic groups, which is particularly important to hybrid breeding as crosses between unrelated and consequently genetically distant parents, show greater hybrid vigour than crosses between closely related parents (Stuber, 1994; Hallauer, 1999).Microsatellite markers show co-dominant inheritance, multiallelic in nature, abundant, allow extensive genome coverage and can be detected using PCR. Microsatellites also appear to be the most promising molecular marker system for understanding the population genetic structure and gene flow (Singh et al. 2008).This study, therefore, seeks to conduct studies to some characterize the natural oil palms collections at OPRI and ascertain the genetic relatedness amongst them using microsatellites. This will provide important information to define future collection expeditions for germplasm conservation and their use in breeding programmes. Materials and Methods Genetic materials Nineteen accessions of local oil palm genotypes were collected from the gene bank of the Oil Palm Research institute of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research. DNA Extraction Genomic DNA extraction was using the CTAB method described by Murray and Thompson (1980) with some modification. Extraction buffer was composed of 2% CTAB, 50Mm Tris-HCI pH 8.0, 10Mm EDTA, 0.7M NaCl,0.1% SDS, 0.1mg/ml Proteinase K, 2% insoluble PVP and 2% 2mercaptoethanol. Chloroform extraction was to remove cellular debris and proteins by using chloroform-isoamyl alcohol (24:1 v/v), DNA was precipitated by addition of 2-isopropanol and the precipitate was washed twice in 70% ethanol. The final precipitate was dissolved in 50 ul of 1/10 TAE solution containing RNase A, incubated at 200C overnight, and stored at 40C. The quality of the DNA was verified on a 1% agarose gel and diluted to a working concentration of 5 ng/ul. Selection of the Microsatellites Ten Microsatellites were selected from Oil palm reference map published by Billotte et al. (2005) DNA Amplification and Gel Electrophoresis Polymerase chain reaction amplifications(PCR) conditions were: 3 min denaturation at 94 °C followed by 35 cycles of denaturation at 94 °C for 30 s, 60 s at the appropriate primer annealing temperature, and 60 s extension at 72 °C and a final 10 min extension at 72 °C. Amplified products were resolved by electrophoresis on 2% agarose gels run in tris-acetate buffer, pH 8 for 2 hours at 80 volt. The gel was stained with Ethidium bromide (10mg/ml) and scanned with the gel documentation system. Band Scoring and Microsatellites Data analysis Bands generated were sized and then binary coded as 1 or 0 for the presence or absence an allele in each genotype, and scored in a binary data matrix. To visualize the relationship between the accessions a dendogram was constructed by clustering of the accessions based on similarity matrix using unweighted pair group method with UPGMA arithmetic algorithm in Sequential Agglomerative Hierarchical Nested method (SAHN) Module using NTYSC Software. Mean number of alleles were also computed. ARTICLE INF O


Context. The relation between the radial oxygen abundance distribution (gradient) and other parameters of a galaxy such as mass, Hubble type, and a bar strength, remains unclear although a large amount of observational data have been obtained in the past years.
Aims. We examine the possible dependence of the radial oxygen abundance distribution on non-axisymmetrical structures (bar/spirals) and other macroscopic parameters such as the mass, the optical radius R25, the color g − r, and the surface brightness of the galaxy. A sample of disk galaxies from the third data release of the Calar Alto Legacy Integral Field Area Survey (CALIFA DR3) is considered.
Methods. We adopted the Fourier amplitude A2 of the surface brightness as a quantitative characteristic of the strength of non-axisymmetric structures in a galactic disk, in addition to the commonly used morphologic division for A, AB, and B types based on the Hubble classification. To distinguish changes in local oxygen abundance caused by the non-axisymmetrical structures, the multiparametric mass–metallicity relation was constructed as a function of parameters such as the bar/spiral pattern strength, the disk size, color index g − r in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) bands, and central surface brightness of the disk. The gas-phase oxygen abundance gradient is determined by using the R calibration.
Results. We find that there is no significant impact of the non-axisymmetric structures such as a bar and/or spiral patterns on the local oxygen abundance and radial oxygen abundance gradient of disk galaxies. Galaxies with higher mass, however, exhibit flatter oxygen abundance gradients in units of dex/kpc, but this effect is significantly less prominent for the oxygen abundance gradients in units of dex/R25 and almost disappears when the inner parts are avoided (R >  0.25R25). We show that the oxygen abundance in the central part of the galaxy depends neither on the optical radius R25 nor on the color g − r or the surface brightness of the galaxy. Instead, outside the central part of the galaxy, the oxygen abundance increases with g − r value and central surface brightness of the disk.


Based on the study of extraction of DNA using carboxyl-coated Fe3O4, here we provide a rapid, high efficient, safe and economical method. Using fluorescent dye-Sybr Green I, the quantification of double-strand DNA exhibits the advantages of high sensitivity,good repeatability and convenience.


This paper discusses the present status of optical computing and interconnects, including device technology, and recent progress in three types of optical computing-analog, digital, and neural-is introduced. Examples of technologies used in an analog computing system, a technique for the optimal design of coherent phase-only spatial filters, and a new version of incoherent filtering are presented. The use of the modified sign digit number representation and its applications to digital optical computing are also described. Some architectures for optical neural computing are introduced, and the importance of optical interconnect technology in parallel computing is stressed. Permutation techniques, the board-to-board level interconnection techniques, and switching techniques are reviewed. Recent developments in optoelectronic devices and passive optical elements are outlined and finally some technological issues in optical computing and interconnects for practical use are discussed.


ABSTRACT The thermal properties and burning efficiencies of fresh and weathered crude oils and a refined fuel oil were studied in order to improve the available input data for field ignition system...


BAM provides leading expertise in preparation, characterisation and application of fluorescent reference standards and biomedical relevant nanomaterials, as well as in traceable, absolute, and quantitative fluorometric measurements of transparent and scattering systems in the ultraviolet, visible, and near infrared spectral region. BAM will prepare solid low-RI particles in WP1, will develop reference methods to determine the fluorescence intensity and RI of reference materials in WP2, and will measure the fluorescence intensity of EVs in biological test samples of WP3.


The 3-D surface measurement plays a significant role in the industrial area. With the advantages of high resolution and acquisition rate, dual-line-scan camera systems have been gradually studied for dynamic 3-D measurement. However, the partial overexposure and the limited measurement depth range of dual-line-scan cameras are the two main elements affecting the quality of the point cloud. Both of these problems are caused by incorrect pixel matching. Therefore, this article presents a matching strategy for dual-line-scan cameras based on the 1-D background-normalized Fourier transform (1DBNFT) to expand the depth range of measurement and deal with the partial overexposure. The wrapped phases extracted by 1DBNFT, the unwrapped phase extracted by projection distance minimization (PDM), and the matching principle are described in detail. We also analyze the possible errors in the system from three aspects: noncoplanar error, installation error, and motion error. Finally, the comparative experiments and accuracy verification experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our algorithm.


This study examined how immigrant non-native English speaking teachers (INNESTs) in the field of TESOL (Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages) negotiate professional identities within the framework of a TESOL certification program. Three aspects of their identities were investigated: language-related identity, disciplinary identity, and teaching self-knowledge. Two groups of participants were recruited. The first group (115 in number) had already completed a TESOL program and were ESL teachers. The second group (five in number) were all registered in a full-time TESOL program to become certified to teach ESL in Ontario, Canada. A complementary, concurrent component mixed methods research design was adopted. The quantitative and qualitative data were collected through various data collection strategies. The analysis is informed by a number of theoretical concepts: identity, critical pedagogy, sociocultural theory, and teacher cognition. The main findings are as follows. First, INNESTs viewed the native speaker


Smart campus refers to supporting facilities for activities that are integrated using information technology. Various events or problems in the campus environment can be identified and well-tracked. In this paper, student trajectory patterns will be determined as a passive step in verifying the legality of smartphone users on campus. The Receive Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) data obtained from the Wireless Access Point will be processed to determine the location of students using the Fingerprinting Indoor Localization method. The K-Nearest Neighbor algorithm is used as the basis for determining the user's position with the Manhattan metric and k=1, the model accuracy is 81%. The simulation result shows that in the testing phase of the test set, the average position error obtained was 12.39 meters, with a building prediction accuracy of 98% and a floor prediction accuracy of 88%.


Recently, Chandrasekaran, Penington and Witten (CPW) have shown that the generalized entropy of the Schwarzschild black hole at the bifurcation surface equals the entropy of an extended von Neumann algebra of quantum observables in the black hole exterior, in semiclassical Einstein gravity. They also derive a version of the Generalized Second law. We generalize these results to a static black hole in an arbitrary diffeomorphism invariant theory of gravity. Thus, a version of the Generalized second law for an arbitrary diffeomorphism invariant theory of gravity follows.


It analyzes and studies the structure of ball valve widely used in gas pipelines. On the base of the structure of ball body and sealing system and injection system are introduced and studied,the work principle and sealing feature of self relief seats and double piston effect are analyzed and summarized,and seven suggestions of application of pipeline ball valves are put forward.


Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignant tumor that can exist in many different body sites. It is most commonly found in the areas of the head and neck, (mainly salivary glands). It is also reported in the breast, lacrimal glands of the eye, lung, brain, sinuses. It is characterized by a prolonged clinical course and fatal outcome. It was first described as `cylindroma' by Billroth in 1859. The long natural history and its tendency for local recurrence is well known. Patients may survive for years with metastases because this tumor is generally well differentiated and slow growing. We report a case of ACC of lacrimal gland. They are rare malignant tumors in a patient presenting with an orbital mass. They account for 1.6% of all orbital tumors. Despite their rarity, they are the second most frequent epithelial neoplasms occurring in the lacrimal gland after pleomorphic adenomas.


This article aims at assessing some of the most recent developments in European law which are said to improve clients' protection buying on European financial markets. It focuses on (1) provisions relating to pre-contractual and marketing information obligations, and related liability, supervision and sanction regimes, (2) developments in product governance arrangements which are meant to reduce potential risks of failure to comply with investor protection rules and on (3) 'product intervention powers' of supervisory authorities, considered as the last resort measure for investor protection purposes. This article is concerned with financial products that have an investment element, including investment-based insurance products ("IBI products"). The author also stresses that appropriate rules should go hand in hand with a change of culture to bring back ethos at manufacturers' and distributors'. Not only the letter of the rules but more fundamentally the spirit of the rules should be complied with at each level of the distribution chain. Only that combination will bring back investors' confidence for the long-term.


Purpose
Complicated motion of vortex is frequently observed in the wake of islands. These kinds of swirling fluid cause the trap of sediments or pollutants, subsequently inducing the dead zone, odor or poor water quality. Therefore, the understanding of flow past a circular cylinder is significant in predicting water quality and positioning the immersed structures. This study aims to investigate the flow properties around a structure using Navier-slip boundary conditions.

Design/methodology/approach
Boundary conditions are a major factor affecting the flow pattern because the magnitude of flow detachment on a surface can redistribute the tangential stress on the wall. Therefore, the authors performed an analysis of laminar flow passing through a circular structure to investigate the effect of boundary conditions on the flow pattern.

Findings
The authors examined the relationship between the partial-slip boundary conditions and the flow behavior at low Reynolds number past a circular cylinder considering velocity and vorticity distributions behind the cylinder, lift coefficient and Strouhal number. The amplitude of lift coefficient by the partial slip condition had relatively small value compared with that of no-slip condition, as the wall shear stress acting on the cylinder became smaller by the velocity along the cylinder surface. The frequency of the asymmetrical vortex formation with partial slip velocity was increased compared with no-slip case due to the intrinsic inertial effect of Navier-slip condition.

Originality/value
The ability to engineer slip could have dramatic influences on flow, as the viscous dominated motion can lead to large pressure drops and large axial dispersion. By the slip length control, no-slip, partial-slip and free-slip boundary conditions are tunable, and the velocity distributions at the wall, vortex formation and wake pattern including the amplitude of lift coefficient and frequency were significantly affected by slip length parameter.


This paper presents a parameter optimization technique for deciding the force distribution on a payload being transported along a predetermined trajectory using two planar manipulator arms. The methodology begins by transforming the singular dynamics of two-arm transport to an ordinary set of differential equations and then proceeds to obtain a relation between the torques exerted by each arm. This relation is then used in a quadratic torque cost which is subsequently minimized to yield an optimal torque distribution. Significant savings in energy were found to occur when the arms were allowed to interact by transmission of forces through the payload. Even more significant are the savings found over one-arm transport of payloads where the arm torques are fixed by the prescribed trajectory.


The evaluation of the symmetry of orbital and ear soft tissues is important for aesthetic and reconstructive surgery. However, little information is available for these facial regions, especially in children. We analyzed the orbital and auricular symmetry in 418 Italian and 206 Sudanese subadult males divided into three age groups (8–11, 12–15, and 16–19 years old). Orbital and auricular height and width were measured for calculating fluctuating and directional asymmetry indices. Differences in asymmetry indices according to ethnicity and age group were assessed through the two-way ANOVA test (p < 0.01), while differences in the prevalence of right or left asymmetry according to ethnicity were assessed through the chi-square test. On average, directional asymmetry indices ranged from −2.1% to 1.1%, while fluctuating asymmetry indices ranged between 2.9% and 5.4%, corresponding to a small effect size and to 1.06–2.34 mm actual dimensions. Sudanese subjects showed a greater asymmetry for all the indices except for the fluctuating asymmetry of orbital height (p < 0.01). The directional asymmetry of auricular width increased with age. A prevalent right-side asymmetry was found for all the orbital indices (p < 0.001) in both populations, although significantly more prevalent in Sudanese individuals (over 83% for both measures), while auricular measures showed a prevalent left asymmetry exclusively in the Sudanese but with lower percentages. Aside from the limited effect size, the results proved the ethnic variability of asymmetry of orbital and auricle regions in children and suggest the need to collect more population data.


Interactive Ontology Matching considers the participation of domain experts during the matching process of two ontologies. An important step of this process is the selection of mappings to submit to the expert. These mappings can be between concepts, attributes or relationships of the ontologies. Existing approaches define the set of mapping suggestions only in the beginning of the process before expert involvement. In previous work, we proposed an approach to refine the set of mapping suggestions after each expert feedback, benefiting from the expert feedback to form a set of mapping suggestions of better quality. In this approach, only concept mappings were considered during the refinement. In this paper, we show a new approach to evaluate the benefit of also considering attribute mappings during the interactive phase of the process. The approach was evaluated using the OAEI conference data set, which showed an increase in recall without sacrificing precision. The approach was compared with the state-of-the-art, showing that the approach has generated alignment with state-of-the-art quality.


The EU's 'Global Governance' and China's 'Harmonious World' seem to be competing to be the dominant idea on international relations in the new century.

After looking at the background and essence of the two theories, this paper argues that although they bear some similarities, the differences between them are substantial. The two ideas diverge on aspects such as universal values, sovereignty and the function of the nation-state. The paper then puts forward some relevant policy suggestions for both sides to get to know each other better. Finally, it suggests that it is not easy for either of them to become the single dominant theory guiding a dramatically changing world. The paper aims to focus attention and encourage debate on questions such as the possibility of the EU implementing its 'Global Governance' strategy –given the wide gap between developed and developing countries– and whether China's 'Harmonious World' policy is a practical idea that can be accepted by the Western World?


The Neo-Pleistocene tectonic activity in the north-eastern margin of the Baikal Rift Zone differed from that of the central Baikal sector. The neotectonic uplifts of the rift valleys mountain surround in the Stanovoi upland occurred in the Middle Neo-Pleistocene, which was confirmed by the results of palynological analysis and thermoluminescent dating. The regime of lacustrine sedimentation arose here more than once up to the Late Neo- Pleistocene. During the Late Neo-Pleistocene stage, the formation of the valley meso-landforms was caused mainly by climatic factors.


THE appearance of the seventh and penultimate volume of the Am'rican Practice of Surgery favours the expectation that Drs. BRYAN4T and BUCK ,may soon be congratulated on the completion of a very laborious task. In this, as in the preceding volumes, rthe reader will find a series of practical essays, some of. which are excellent and important, presented in clear type, and admirably illustrated. The arrangement of subjects is still kaleidoscopic, and, as we have pointed out in :a previous review of this work, is likely to prove inconvenient. The initial chapter on diseases of the pelvis is followed by one on diseases


Abstract The Raman spectrum of Rb2ZnCl4 has been measured at 20K, 100K, 200K, room temperature, and 315K, covering all four known solid phases of this compound. The spectra for the four highest temperatures were deconvoluted by fitting to a multi-Lorentzian function convolved with a slit transmission function. The peak frequency, full width at half-maximum (FWHM), and integrated intensity for each of the deconvoluted peaks is tabulated and compared with the Raman spectrum calculated from the lattice dynamics for the presumed perfect crystal structures in the normal high-temperature phase. Pnam, and in the higher-temperature phase (Pna21) of the two commensurate ferroelectric phases. The four highest frequency lines that fall in the 270–310 cm−1 range have been studied at several temperatures in the 190–330K range where they behave anomalously, compared to a similar group in K2SeO4. This behavior is accounted for by the chlorozincate ion disorder and an accidental phonon degeneracy uncovered by the lattice...


Neutron capture therapy (NCT) is a promising new binary therapeutic modality for the treatment of localized tumors. It is accomplished by injection and localization within the tumor of a neutron capture agent (NCA) that alone, is non- toxic. Whenthe tumor is then exposed to neutrons, a relatively non-toxic form of radiation, crytotoxic products are produced that directly or indirectly cause tumor cell death, and yet preserves normal surrounding tissue not contain the NCA. The UC Davis NCT program is currently working to develop and test new compounds or NCA in vitro and in vivo. Many groups worldwide are also working to develop the next generation NCA, but less than five facilities internationally are currently capable to treating clinical brain tumor patients by NCT and only two US facilities, MIT and Brookhaven National Laboratory. In addition to compound development, the UC Davis NCT program is preparing the UC Davis McClellan Nuclear Radiation Center's 2 megawatt TRIGA reactor for NCT clinical trials which would make it the only such facility on the West Coast.


Six exploratory wells were analyzed and interpreted with the aim of determining the effect of lithologic heterogeneity on acoustic velocities using the petrophysical properties calculated from the logs. The wells include Murshe-1, Tuma-1, Ziye-1, Krumpta-1, Gubio SW-1 and Herwa-1. Gamma ray logs were used for the lithological delineation; the computation of porosity and compressional (acoustic) wave velocity was achieved utilizing sonic logs while the sediments bulk density was determined from density log. The analysis of compressional wave velocity with depth confirms a general trend of non-linear increase in velocity with depth across the wells, and there exists a marked lithological variation between 3000 m and 3200 m depth across the wells in the basin. Also, analyses of the results depict a non-linear increase in density with depth. The relationship between permeability and depth showed permeability increasing in high porosity areas. Permeability range value of 116 to 9238 MD and porosity of 1to 60% computed in this study is an indication that the reservoir sand in Bornu Basin has the potential to accumulate significant amount of extractable hydrocarbon. In general, the trends of relationship amongst acoustic wave velocity, porosity, density and permeability with depth have produced positive but non-linear variation. Ideally, if the formation is isotropic and homogeneous the trends would have been linear. The non-linearity which exists amongst these parameters could be as a result of the presence of a geologic structure, especially at the southern part of the basin. Key words : Heterogeneity, Acoustic velocity, compressional wave, Bornu basin


INTRODUCTION Muscle foods, which include meat, poultry and seafood, are described as spoiled if organoleptic changes make them unacceptable to the consumer. These organoleptic characteristics may include changes in appearance (discoloration), the development of offodours, slime formation or indeed any other characteristic which makes the food undesirable for consumption (Jay, 1996; Jackson et al., 1997). It is generally accepted that detectable spoilage is a result of decomposition and the formation of metabolites caused by the growth of microorganisms. This information can be exploited through spectroscopic analysis and rather than detecting the presence of bacteria per se on the meat surface, vibrational spectroscopy will be used to measure biochemical change within the meat substrate, enhancing and accelerating the detection of microbial spoilage.


Objective To observe the efficacy of intrapleural application of urokinase for tuberculous exadative pleurisy. Methods This study consisted of 103 patients with tuberculous exadative pleurisy,who were randomly divided into two groups: urokinase and control.Antituberculosis drugs were given and pleural effusion was aspirated to all of them,and urokinase,100 000 U,was administered intrapleurally after each aspiration for those in urokinase group. Results The total volume of fluid aspirated in the urokinase group was more than that in the control(t=3.83,P0.01).The duration of absorption of the effusion was shorter,the pleura was thinner,and the number of aspiration was fewer,in urokinase group(t=5.08-15.38,P0.01),the lung function(FEV3) was better as well(t=2.77,P0.01). Conclusion Intrapleural use of urokinase can reduce thickening of the pleura and improve lung function.


Children are social beings that begin their interaction with their surroundings at earliest age. Children begin to seek their role in the world of adults through imitating the adults during play time. In addition, the game is the most significant way of developing unique personality, quality relationships and encouraging speech development. The development of lingual skills is equally important as a cognitive, emotional or social development. Speech is developed at incredible speed from the earliest age, but the capability for speech starts developing even in prenatal period. By birth, the child responds to known voices of its parents, it articulates its needs and gradually learns to use the language of its surroundings with its meaninings, words and linguistic usage. Although language development continues trought life, until the age od four the child will master the basis of communication in mother tongue. Speech does not develop at every child in the same way but it is necessary that every child grows up in an encouraging language environment. We are aware that speech is of big importance in everyday life, so in order for child to develop its speech properly the biological, sociological and psychological conditions must be fulfilled. This paper presents a study of production of child's speech of three children during the simbolic game. In the first section we will observe children's play with detail explanation of the simbolic game. Second part of the paper presents us with progress of speech developement of children. Third part contains a description and analysis of statements of three children during the simbolic game. The aim of the paper is to display how the child uses speech during symbolic games and interraction with other children through speech.


Twenty-six patients with breast cancer were intravenously injected with 500 pg of synthetic TRH. With one exception, none had received any treatment for breast canser. Blood samples were taken at intervals of 10, 20, 30, 40, 60, 90 and 120 min after the TRH-injection. Basal serum TSH values of those patients were significantly higher than those of normal subjects. Their serum TSH responses to TRH-injection were moderately delayed and higher when compared to those of normal subjects. Serum T4 values of the patients with breast cancer determined 120 min after the TRH-injection were significantly lower than those of normal subjects. However, serum T3 values of the same patients obtained 60min after the TRH-injection were signicantly higher than those of normal subjects. Serum T4/T3 ratios of breast cancer measured 60 min after the TRH-injection were significantly lower than those of normal subjects. These data suggest that thyroid function in patients with breast cancer may be suppressed. One patient with breast cancer also had adenomatous goiter. Two other patients with breast cancer were hypothyroid. One patient with breast cancer who received chemotherapy for 4 days before the TRH-injection showed a high basal serum TSH value, delayed and high TSH-response and lack of serum T4 response to the TRHinjection. Tests for anti-TG and anti-MC antibodies were positive in one patient with breast cancer, for anti-TG antibody in two patients and for anti-MC antibody in two other patients.


1Yirgalem Hospital Medical College, Yirgalem, Sidama, Ethiopia; 2Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia Background: Suicide ideation and attempt are common among pregnant women, risk factors for completed suicide, and associated adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. It is under-recognized and has not been investigated well in low-income countries like Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and factors associated with suicide ideation and attempt among pregnant women attending antenatal care services at public hospitals in southern Ethiopia. Methods: A group of 762 pregnant women who were attending the antenatal service at public hospitals in Hawassa, southern Ethiopia, selected by a systematic random sampling technique, took part in an interview. A Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) was used to measure suicide ideation and attempt. Chi-square and binary logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the associated factors. An adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was used for reporting the result with a p-value<0.05 statistical significance level. Results: The prevalence of suicide ideation and attempt among pregnant women was 11.8% and 2.7%, respectively. Unplanned pregnancy (AOR=2.01, 95% CI=1.04–3.88), poor social support (AOR=3.29, 95% CI=1.62–6.68), common mental disorders (AOR=2.77, 95% CI=1.50–5.09), and lifetime suicide ideation (AOR=4.63, 95% CI=2.63–8.16) were factors significantly associated with suicide ideation. Social support was the only correlated factor with suicide attempt among pregnant mothers. Conclusion: The prevalence of suicide ideation and attempt among pregnant women was found to be high. Intervention strategies towards suicidal ideation and attempt should consider improving social support and antenatal related common mental disorders with a primary focus on women with unplanned pregnancy and prior history of suicide ideation.


With a daily increase in traffic loads, one of the usual damages occurring in bituminous layers is the permanent deformation. This kind of damage is more common in asphalt pavements located in warm climatic zones with heavy and slow traffic conditions. Based on these concerns, it is recommended to construct mixes with higher resistance against permanent deformation in these regions. There are several parameters affecting the design and performance of these mixes. In this study, the role of gradation was integrated in the design and construction of stone mastic asphalt (SMA) mixes. Among the grading limits of SMA mixes within the gap gradation, the only appropriate gradations are those which have the stone- on-stone contact between the aggregate particles. This study evaluates SMA mixes with five different gradations and two different crushing properties and determines their mix design. It also evaluates the resistance of the optimized samples against the permanent deformation by performing static creep-flow time test. It was found that the optimized gradation can be obtained by changing the passing percentages of the break point sieve with no need to further changing the gradation. SMA mixes constructed with the optimized gradation have a high resistance against permanent deformation. It was also found that different aggregates in terms of crushing properties, do not affect the optimized gradation


OBJECTIVE—To investigate the effect of acute resistance exercise on adipose tissue triacylglycerol lipase activity (TGLA) in lean and obese men. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Nine lean and eight obese men performed 30 min of circuit resistance exercise. Adipose tissue and blood were sampled during exercise for TGLA, metabolite, and hormone determinations. Respiratory exchange ratio (RER) was measured throughout exercise. RESULTS—Energy expenditure of exercise relative to body mass was higher in the lean and RER was higher in the obese men, suggesting lower fat oxidation. TGLA increased 18-fold at 5 min of exercise in the lean men and 16-fold at 10 min of exercise in the obese men. The delayed lipolytic activation in the obese men was reflected in serum nonesterified fatty acid and glycerol concentrations. Plasma insulin increased in the obese but did not change in the lean men. CONCLUSIONS—Resistance exercise upregulated adipose tissue lipolysis and enhanced energy expenditure in lean and obese men, with a delayed lipolytic activation in the obese men.


In current Air Traffic Control (ATC) environments, Air Traffic Controllers (ATCo) use several visualization systems: radar views, timelines, electronic strips, meteorological views, supervisions etc... The information displayed is intrinsically temporal: aircraft positions that evolve over time, conflicts between aircraft at a given time, airspace congestions... Each of these visualizations is rich and dynamic: it displays numerous visual entities that move and evolve over time. Furthermore, this considerable volume of information must be understandable with a minimum cognitive workload. As traffic increases and safety criteria become more demanding ATC requires this new kind of visualizations.


Widely investigated thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) can be achieved by intramolecular and intermolecular charge transfer between electron donor and electron acceptor which corresponding to TADF material and exciplex, respectively. However, the development of efficient organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on novel exciplex lags far behind the development of novel efficient TADF materials based OLEDs. In this work, a novel D-A type electron donor TPAFPO were designed and synthesized. TPAFPO:PO-T2T exhibits small ΔE ST of 79 meV and significant delayed emission, demonstrating TADF characteristic. Then, OLED based on TPAFPO:PO-T2T exhibits low turn on voltage of 2.4 V and high EQE of 17.0%. Besides, NIR OLED utilizing TPAFPO:PO-T2T as host exhibits turn on voltage of 3.0 V and high EQE of 9.2% with NIR emission peak at 690 nm. Furthermore, solution processed exciplex and NIR devices also can maintain a high efficiencies of 15.1% and 8.1%.


A 63-year-old female patient with bronchopneumonia received an IV infusion of amoxicillin clavulanic acid potassium 1.2 g twice daily. The patient developed nausea and rectal tenesmus about 20 minutes after the start of amoxicillin clavulanic acid potassium treatment each time on the first day. No treatments were given and the symptoms relieved gradually 3 hours after finishing the IV infusion. The patient developed the above-mentioned symptoms again about 20 minutes after the start of amoxicillin clavulanic acid potassium treatment on the second day, and rectal mucosal prolapse appeared at the same time. The amoxicillin clavulanic acid potassium was stopped immediately and an IV infusion of ceftriaxone sodium 2 g once daily was given on the third day. After 3 days of ceftriaxone sodium treatment, the patient′s cough and expectoration were improved and disappeared on the 8th day, and the rectal mucosal prolapse did not recur.

Key words:
Amoxicillin-potassium clavulanate combination; Rectal diseases


In this paper,3 DOF dynamic model is established and the influences of different factors,such as torsion stiffness of the input shaft and the output shaft,touch stiffness between the cam and rolls of the follower,are taken into account due to structure characteristics of parallel indexing cam.Simulated model is established and dynamic performances of the system is solved by using Matlab/simulink.The method is referenced to solution of dynamic response for indexing mechanism.


To the Editor

Clinical diagnostic laboratories observed a daytime working schedule extending from mornings till late evenings. Their bacterial culture and susceptibility reports would not be available before 2 days. The pause obstructs prescription of appropriate antibiotics to patients with bacterial infections. Efforts to reduce the turnaround time have been through more rapid microbiologic identification, with an automated identification system such as the VITEK 2 (bioMerieux, Durham, NC) or the API system. They are costly and beyond the resources of laboratories with fiscal limitations. Laboratory services have continued to be a neglected component of health systems. Their central role in public health, disease control and surveillance, and patient management is not recognized by governments.1 In developing countries, large numbers of laboratories in bigger cities are without a high level of diagnostic competence.2 Consequently, clinicians cannot prescribe the appropriate antimicrobials to their patients.

Recently, a 1,600-bed teaching hospital in Angers, France, adopted a 24-hour operating schedule for bacterial identification and antimicrobial susceptibility …


* Introduction - Abdullahi A. An-Na'im * 1. Cultural Transformation and Human Rights in African Societies - Abdullahi A. An-Na'im and Jeffrey Hammond * 2. Human Rights and Cultural Branding: Who Speaks and How - Martin Chanock * 3. The Banjul Charter: The Case for an African Cultural Fingerprint - Makau Mutua * 4. Mediating Culture and Human Rights in Favour of Land Rights for Women in Africa: A Framework for Community-Legal Action - Florence Butegwa * 5. Are Local Norms and Practices Fences or Pathways? The Example of Women's Property Rights - Celestine Nyamu-Musembi * 6. Religious Revivalism, Human Rights Activism and the Struggle for Women's Rights in Nigeria - Hussaina J. Abdullah * 7. Contradictory Perspectives on Rights and Justice in the Context of Land Tenure Reform in Tanzania - Issa Shivji * 8. Effects of Land Tenure on Women's Access and Control of Land in Kenya - Akinyoi Nzioki


Revised and updated edition of this reference guide to British and American sources of information in the field of education. It is intended for use by librarians and researchers in this field and this edition has been updated and revised.


Totally enclosed water-cooled permanent magnet machines (TEWCPMMs) have been widely applied in electric vehicles (EVs) due to its advantages of high torque density, high power factor and strong overloading capacity. However, the TEWCPMM is often experienced with extremely high ambient temperature in very limited space, which may lead to serious machine faults. In order to investigate thermal performance deeply, after investigation on the air convection within the end-space, this paper presents a thermal model, which takes the influence of the air temperature within the end-space on the temperature distribution by convection into consideration. Combining electromagnetic finite-element analysis (FEA) with thermal resistance network (TRN) of the TEWCPMM, the thermal model is established, which is based on the law of heat flux balance in two continuous iterative calculations. Finally, experiments are performed on a 36-kW prototype to validate the proposed thermal model.


The human visual system is able to adapt to a wide range of the adaptive luminance levels. However, the chroma was found to be the most affected attribute in the assessments. Several color appearance models have been proposed to describe adaptation mechanisms and predict the color appearance at different luminance levels. A set of 72 color pairs of samples that surround four color centers with high chroma was prepared to the test the prediction performance of the CAMs. The visual assessment of these color pairs was performed at eight luminance levels including photopic, mesopic and scotopic luminance levels. The data from visual assessment were used to the test prediction performance of six color difference formula and color appearance models, namely CIELAB, CIECAM02, CAM02-UCS, CAM16, CAM16-UCS and CAM16-UCS with power function.


Security is main concern in Automated Teller Machines today. Multimodal Biometrics are more secure as compared to Unimodal Biometrics as even if one trait fails the other is present. The futuristic application of Multimodal Biometrics could be in Automated Teller Machines (ATM). The proposed work involves capturing of three biometric traits of a person namely face, fingerprint and palm vein by designed hardware later these are preprocessed and fused together for cryptography. Palm vein is chosen as a biometric trait as no two palm veins match unless they are of the same person also palm has a good vascular pattern making it a good identifying factor for an individual as compared to other biometric traits. Further security is achieved in the system by fusion of palm vein with face and fingerprint. Cryptosystem is used in order to get security. The images captured by the designed hardware are preprocessed using Image enhancement techniques and Features are extracted by Curvelet Transform, Gabor Filter and Principal Component analysis. The feature vectors are fused at feature level using Euclidean distance and later matched.


Having excellent English skill is one of important aspects that should be possessed by students because it can support their carrer in the future. One of ways to assess someone's English skill accurately is through Test Of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL). However, students' knowledge about the test and strategies in doing the test is still limited. Therefore, the current community service is aimed to increase students' knowledge about strategies in doing TOEFL structure test. This community service was collaborated with organizations of Rapredu dan Ranselin and it was held online through zoom meeting. Education society is used as the method of this community service. The results of the data show that the participants were able to understand the materials about strategies in answering TOEFL structure very well and most of them were able to apply them in the test. The results of this community service would have significant good effect if it was made in the form of TOEFL preparation program.


Abstract : A nulling five-hole pressure probe was used to complete a flowfield survey behind a close-coupled canard and wing model set at 22 degrees angle of attack. The canard and wing were both low-aspect-ratio, highly-swept, delta planforms with rounded leading edges. The model was set at the condition of maximum lift enhancement of the canard/wing configuration over a corresponding wing-alone configuration, based on previous force measurements. For comparison, the pressure measurements were made with the canard on and with the canard off. From the pressure measurements, flowfield velocity-vector, velocity-streamline and total-pressure-coefficient contours were plotted. These plots showed the dramatic effect of the canard vortex on the wing flowfield. The location and interaction of the canard and wing leading-edge vortices were analyzed. Large- scale reattachment of previously reversed flow over the wing was noted, as well as the re-establishment and strengthening of the wing leading-edge vortex. Close-coupled canard, Vortex interaction, Post-stall, High angle of attack, Agility.


The wavelength dependence of a photoinduced diffusion coefficient is contrasted with that of the absorption spectrum for trapped (or solvated) electrons in molecular aggregates. The theory is based upon the supposition that the absorption spectrum is the sum of electron‐transfer transitions involving different transfer distances. For the same incident photon flux, the diffusion coefficient is shown to peak at a photon energy which is blue shifted from that of the absorption peak.


Aims: The current study conducted to determine the frequency of the IL-10 (-1082G/A) and TNF-α (308G/A) polymorphisms in subjects with IBS in Sudan. Methods: After giving written consent, a total of 71 patients with symptoms of IBS according to the Rome III criteria and 40 controls were enrolled. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leucocytes of subjects using salting out method. Polymorphisms were determined by PCR-RFLP method. SPSS software program was used for statistical analysis. Results: Patients with irritable bowel syndrome had significantly reduced frequencies of the high producer genotype for interleukin 10 than controls (21% v 32%; p=0.003). there was no significant difference in the frequency of the genotypes or the alleles of the IL-10 (-1082G/A) and the TNF-α (308G/A) polymorphisms between IBS and the controls, however it was demonstrated that the high producer (AA) TNF α genotype was more prevalent in IBS patients compared to healthy controls (8.5% VS zero). IBS patients were classified as IBS-D (53.5 %), IBS-C (18.3 %) and IBS-A/M (28.2 %) and there were no statistical differences IBS subgroups, were found among these IBS subgroups 57% of patients had family history of IBS. Conclusions: The frequency of the IL-10 (-1082G/A) and TNF-α (-308G/A) genotypes was similar in IBS and controls. However, there was a greater frequency of the low producer of IL-10 in those subjects with IBS-D, suggesting a genetic predisposition to abnormal immune regulation due to a lower anti-inflammatory cytokines IL10 in this subgroup. Key word: IL-10, TNF α,IBS, polymorphism. INTRODUCTION Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional disorder of the gastrointestinal tract, which is characterized by recurrent episodes of abdominal pain and discomfort with changes in frequency or consistency of the stool in the absence of an organic etiology. it affects approximately 12% world population and it represents an important socioeconomic concern. [1] The condition is heterogeneous, exhibiting variability in the frequency of symptoms reported within and between males and females. [2] IBS is clinically classified into different subgroups: IBS with constipation predominance (IBS-C), IBS with diarrhea predominance (IBS-D), mixed or alternating IBS (IBS-M). [3] Prevalence of Irritable bowel syndrome ranges from (5% to 15%) of the Eltayeb LB et al. Role of Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha α and Interleukin 10 gene polymorphisms in Irritable Bowel Syndrome patients International Journal of Health Sciences & Research (www.ijhsr.org) 101 Vol.7; Issue: 3; March 2017 world population. [4] The prevalence of IBS is increasing and varies widely in countries in the Asia–Pacific region, particularly in countries with developing economies. The exact pathophysiology of IBS is not well known, however, believed that there are important role for inflammatory reactions in pathogenesis of IBS. [5] The pathogenesis of IBS can be result from dysregulated brain-gut axis, intestinal dysmotility, visceral hypersensitivity, dietary, and intestinal microbiota, there is also a familial tendency to IBS and, although this could be psychosocial in origin, but a genetic influence is a possibility. [6] In addition to these factors, dysregulated intestinal immune function, bacterial infection, and low-grademucosal inflammation have all been participating in pathogenic mechanisms. [7] Cytokines is under genetic control and are significant modulators of inflammatory reactions and immune responses and play an essential role in intestinal inflammation. [5] The genetic polymorphisms in cytokine genes (within promoter or coding regions) affect production of cytokines. [8] Therefore, disease susceptibility and clinical outcome may affected by a genetic predisposition for the low or high production of certain cytokine. [9] We study Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) gene polymorphism in the promoter region (G→Asubstitution at position –308), and IL 10 gene polymorphisms in promoter region (G→A substitution at position –1028). The predisposition to produce high or low levels of a specific cytokine could be related to the presence of the polymorphisms that encode each of their gene expressions, as has been suggested for the immuno regulatory IL-10 and the proinflammatory TNF-α cytokines. [10,11] These polymorphisms could then affect the susceptibility for developing IBS, as well as its phenotypic expressions (IBS-D; constipation-predominant IBS: IBS-C; and alternating/mixed IBS: IBS-A/M), at least in a subgroup of patients in whom immune activation would be a supposed factor. Nevertheless, according to a recent systematic review of the literature, the data on the genetic variants of the cytokines in IBS and controls are inconsistent. [12, 13] On the other hand, no studies on polymorphisms in IBS have been conducted in Sudan to date. Given the importance of understanding potential etiologic agents in IBS and to overcome some of the problems of individual studies, therefore, our aim was to explore the role of the IL-10 and TNFα polymorphisms among Sudanese IBS patients comparing with control group. Our hypothesis was that the subjects with IBS, when compared with the controls, should present with a greater frequency of both the low producer IL-10 polymorphism and the high producer TNF-α polymorphism. MATERIALS AND METHODS A case control study with patients who met the diagnostic criteria (Rome III criteria) for IBS with following inclusion criteria: Both sexes male and female, aged between 1875 years old, confirmed as IBS patients with professional gastroenterologist, and have informed consent, study was conducted during (20142016) in Khartoum state. Study subjects Blood samples were obtained, after informed consent, from 71 patients fulfilling the Rome III criteria for IBS attending the Gastroenterology Out-Patients Clinic. Patients were of all bowel habit subtypes divided into, IBS Diarrhea predominant IBS-D, IBS Constipation predominant IBSC, those subjects that did not fit the IBS-D or IBS-C criteria were regarded as IBS-A/M (an alternating pattern). A total of 40 controls were used for comparison. The study was approved by the local ethics committee. Polymorphism determination A venous blood sample was collected from the subjects that had signed informed consent statements to participate in the study. Leukocyte DNA was extracted through the salting out technique using the Eltayeb LB et al. Role of Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha α and Interleukin 10 gene polymorphisms in Irritable Bowel Syndrome patients International Journal of Health Sciences & Research (www.ijhsr.org) 102 Vol.7; Issue: 3; March 2017 BDTractTM Genomic DNA Isolation Kit (Maxim Biotech Inc). Cytokine genotyping was done through the Restriction-Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLP). The polymorphisms of the IL-10 promoter regions at positions -1082*G and -1082*A, and the TNF-α promoter regions at positions -308*G and -308*A were analyzed through the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using specific oligonucleotides. The amplified DNA products were separated through electrophoresis in 2 % agarose gel and stained with ethidium bromide. The gel was visualized under ultraviolet (UV) transillumination with a marker that had a molecular weight of 100 base pairs (bp), and they were photographed. The genotypes were expressed as high or low producers for the homozygotes and as intermediate producers for the heterozygotes. [14] It should be mentioned that the genotyping was blinded; there was no knowledge of the clinical characteristics of the subjects; in other words, it was not known whether they presented with IBS or were controls. Statistical analysis Allele frequencies for patients and controls were compared by calculation of the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Genotypes were calculated for each individual, with those homozygous for the high producer allele classed as "high producer", heterozygotes as "intermediate producer", and those homozygous for the low producer allele as "low producer" genotype, respectively.15 19 Genotype frequencies were then compared by  2 analysis. Table (1) Single-nucleotide polymorphisms genotyped in IL-10, and TNF-α gene:


In this study, highly porous bi-modal structures were designed and fabricated from polylactide (PLA) as the main structure and utilizing polyethylene glycol (PEG) to form micro pores by compression molding combined with particulate leaching technique. The pore size of the foam structure was controlled by salt particulates and higher interconnectivity was achieved by the co-continuous blending morphology of PLA matrix with water-soluble PEG. This fabrication method makes it possible to control pore geometry and interconnectivity closely and therefore is an ideal approach to study the relation between microstructure and acoustic properties of the foams. PLA is a bio-based thermoplastic polymer derived from renewable resources. Therefore, the resulting acoustic foams are benign and environmentally friendly. Fabricated foams were characterized based on cellular, acoustic, and mechanical properties. The acoustic performance of the foams was studied by measuring the normal incident absorption coefficient in acc...