Unique huts are being used as guest lodges in the South African National Kruger Game Park. These are inspired by the rondavels (indigenous round thatched adobe building), but have been westernized by adding glazed window areas, higher cement block walls and asbestos fiber cement roofs. Serious overheating and overcooling occurs if the huts are not air-conditioned. The summer design day indoor temperature then remains above 27°C (8 IoF), while in winter it remains below 18°C (64°F) for 20 hours per day. Tourist accommodation typically makes up 65% of the power consumption of camps. Where camps are not grid-connected this led to high costs. Various passive design alternatives have been simulated using the Quick program, developed by the University of Pretoria. A combination of envelope optimization, earth connected ventilation pipes and ceiling fans led to thermal comfort while cost-effectively reducing peak demand by 30% and consumption by 33% without impairing the architecture. This paper shows that indigenous designs are a good starting point throughout the world (no matter if it is Africa, Mexico,. . .). They are a "window" to designing low embodied energy to passive solar design for their particular region! INTRODUCTION Visiting the Kruger National Park to "hunt" the Big Five is an unforgettable experience. Part of this is the climate and the unusual architecture of rondavels. These traditional buildings were originally windowless round huts with low mud walls (adobe or wattleanddaub) topped by conical thatched roofs. However, the progressive introduction of concrete block walls to increasing wall heights, glazed window-areas and the use of asbestos reinforced cementitious roofing forfeited the benefits of low embodied energy and passive solar design. This led to the need for air-conditioning units, which caused high consumption and high peak demands of expensive electricity. About two thirds of the Skukuza camp energy bill is attributed to guest accommodation. Skukuza is the largest camp in the two million hectare game reserve which is about equal to the area of Massachusetts. It is approximately 500km east of Pretoria, sharing the eastern boundary with Mo~ambique. The annual rainfall of 680mm mostly occurs during summer (December, January) leading to hothumid conditions. During the dry winters, animals seek the water holes and are more easily visible because of the then shorter gass. The mean daily dry bulb temperature amplitude is 14K (25.2"F), with the largest swing during June, July. Winter nights are wonderfully clear, starry and still. The haunting jackal's call and the ominous lion's roar make their presence felt. On the eastern horizon the Lebombo range is penetrated by east bound rivers crossing the broad Sul do Save footvalley before discharging into the warm Agulhas current of the Indian ocean. The northern tip of the reserve lies on 22'20' southern latitude well inside of the Ecliptic of Capricorn (23"3O8S), and closer to the equator than Rio de Janeiro. On the Southern boundary the Crocodile River reaches 25'32' southern latitude, which is about equidistant to the northern latitude of Brownsville. Skukuza lies on 25" S, and is only 700m above sea level. INDIGENOUS RONDAVEL The word "Rondavel" is probably derived from the Latin root "round" and is an apt description of the traditional climate-adapted 3,600 to 6,000mm diameter hut consisting of a circular 1,200 to 1,500mm high mud construction wall supporting a conical grass thatched roof. This geometry closely approximates the hemispherical Zulu hut but has the advantage that, the thatch does not touch the ground, thereby reducing risks of rot, fire and termites. The conical roof with a slope of 36" to 45" has a thickness of 150mm and consists of reedy type grass, less than a pencil thick and 1,200 to 2,000mm long. It has good insulation values. The thatch is stitched to circular laths supported by radial rafters, either resting on the wall or peripheral posts. The roof overhang serves to shade the walls and also protects them against erosion by rain. There are no gutters. ESL-HH-00-05-47 Proceedings of the Twelfth Symposium on Improving Building Systems in Hot and Humid Climates, San Antonio, TX, May 15-17, 2000 The traditional rondavel has no windows, light being provided by the door opening during the day and a wood fire at night. Fire was also useful against mosquitoes and other insects entering through the ventilation slit normally left between the top of the wall and the roof soffit. All building materials were harvested nearby in the veld. Hut building was a community ritual. After the death of its inhabitant the hut was left to decay, gradually returning to earth. This tradition required very little embodied energy and had little environmental impact. Temperature measurements in traditional rondavels undertaken by the author in the Middelburg area yielded an amplitude ratio of 0.3 of the outdoor dry bulb temperature swing, which is quite good a result. However, the delta T in summer is 1 SK, which is not so good. So the romantic appeal of indigenous architecture has its limits.


In this paper, viscosity properties of thermoplastic starch prepared by twin-screw extrusion were researched. It is shown that, with the glycerol content increasing gradually, thermoplastic starch's gelatinization temperature increases, and its viscosity of each period decrease. With the zone Ⅲ's temperature and screw speed increasing, thermoplastic starch's gelatinization temperature increases firstly and lowers finally, its viscosity of each period and setback value decrease firstly and heighten in the end.


SC-Papers represent an important product element within the field of graphical papers. Following the general trend in the paper market ofincreasing brightness, SC-Paper is no exception. The use of CaCO 3 based fillers offers interesting possibilities, both technologically and economically, to fulfil this demand for improved optical performance. CaCO 3 based fillers include GCC (Natural Ground CaCO 3 ), PCC (Precipitated CaCO 3 ) and, newly, modified GCC. The modified GCC is usually applied in combination with either GCC or PCC as a designed finished concept mix. In a lab study, different CaCO 3 /filler concepts were compared with a 100% Kaolin reference. As to be expected, all CaCO 3 fillers produced a distinct higher paper brightness at higher or similar opacity. The high opacity, despite the significantly higher paper brightness, is explained by the higher light scattering potential of the CaCO 3 fillers. An increase in paper micro-porosity is seen with all CaCO 3 filers versus the 100% Kaolin reference, although to different degrees, pending on the CaCO 3 morphology and deformability. Bringing these laboratory findings into commercial practice, by way of a commercial-scale trial, one specifically selected CaCO 3 concept (SC-Carb) in combination with kaolin was compared to a 100% Kaolin application. The results obtained confirmed a distinct increase in paper brightness and opacity vs. the all clay reference. There was also an increase in sheet lmicro)-porosity. At unchanged calendering conditions, the smoothness and gloss results with the SC-Carb/Kaolin loading were well comparable to the 100% Kaolin standard. There were also good results in print quality and pressroom runnability, in offset (HSWO) and in rotogravure. The print quality obtained in rotogravure increased with the ratio of CaCO 3 in the sheet and ranked in general above the 100 % clay reference.


Major or key pest in corn plantation recently reported in Indonesia was Spodoptera frugiperda, a polyphagous pest that have a fast spread rate and caused high damage on young corn. One of pest control that able to use is botanical insecticide. The experiment begins with a screening test of neem, jatropha, clove, and citronella oil, and then continued with bioassay of the botanicals oil that cause higher mortality to test insect. Every kind of botanicals oils tested at concentrations of 0.1% and 0.05% against S. frugiperda. Tests carried out using the feeding assay or residue on corn leaves (size 5 x 5 cm). Then, the leaf treatment was given to 10 larvae of S. frugiperda (instars 2) for 48 hours. After that, the leaf replaced with untreated baby corn as feed until the larvae develop to pupa. The control leaves only treated with aquades contain mixture of emulsifier Tween 80 and Span 80 (ratio 4:1) at concentration of 0,5%. The kind of botanical oil that caused the highest mortality of the test insect larvae was further bioassay to determine the relationship of concentration with test insect mortality. The testing was carried out using a series of concentrations which resulted in the death of test insects between 0 <x <100%. The test results showed that concentration neem oil of 0.1% caused the highest mortality of S. frugiperda. Neem oil exposure is also able to inhibit the time of larval development, reduce the percentage of feed consumption, and the weight of pupa the S. frugiperda. Other vegetable oils exposure gave lower mortality in the test insects and some treatments were not significantly different from the controls on the parameters of larval development, pupae weight, and percentage of feed consumption. Neem oils showed strong toxicity against S. frugiperda larvae with Lethal Concentration 50 (LC50) of 0.08 % and LC95 of 0.34%.


Novelty search is an evolutionary search algorithm based on the superficially contradictory idea that abandoning goal focused fitness function altogether can lead to the discovery of higher fitness solutions. In the course of our work, we have created a biologically inspired artificial development system with the purpose of automatically designing complex morphologies and controllers of multicellular, soft-bodied robots. Our goal is to harness the creative potential of in silico evolution so that it can provide us with novel and efficient designs that are free of any preconceived notions a human designer would have. In order to do so, we strive to allow for the evolution of arbitrary morphologies. Using a fitness-driven search algorithm, the system has been shown to be capable of evolving complex multicellular solutions consisting of hundreds of cells that can walk, run and swim, yet the large space of possible designs makes the search expensive and prone to getting stuck in local minima. In this work, we investigate how a developmental approach to the evolution of robotic designs benefits from abandoning objective fitness function. We discover that novelty search produced significantly better performing solutions. We then discuss the key factors of the success in terms of the phenotypic representation for the novelty search, the deceptive landscape for co-designing morphology/brain, and the complex development-based phenotypic encoding.


The introduction of telecommunication instruments, especially microwave, leads to a massive increase in electromagnetic pollution. The current research intends to assess the physiological effects of microwave radiations on barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Barley seeds were exposed to eight different exposure periods of microwave from 0 to 600 seconds. Germination parameters were dose-dependents, the percentage of germinated seeds increased after short exposure periods to microwave recording 100% germination. Further the germination rate, relative germination coefficient were also increased after short exposure periods to microwave. Longer exposure periods reduced the percentage of germination, germination rates, and various germination indices. Morphological and growth traits showed a similar trend and were significantly decreased after longer exposure periods to microwave. Chlorophyll contents were significantly decreased with increasing exposure periods of microwave. Microwave-induced electrolyte leakage (%) was significantly increased (r=0.92*, p<0.001) following pretreatment with different exposure periods of microwave. Current research data gives spotlight on possible positive and negative effects of microwave on barley and recommended to minimize the exposure time to environmental microwave to safeguard recovering ability of biological systems. However, the positive effects of microwave are of considerable importance for improving crops.


An elastic multiple shell model is used for the vibration analysis of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The van der Waals (vdW) interaction between any two layers of the MWCNT is modeled as the radius-dependent function. Based on the simplified Donnell shell equations, explicit formulas are obtained for the radial-dominated natural frequencies and mode shapes of double- and triple-walled carbon nanotubes. The natural frequencies are calculated for MWCNT with various radii and number of tubes. The numerical results show that the effect of vdW interaction on the torsionally and longitudinally dominated natural frequencies is very small and can be neglected, and the vdW interaction has only a small influence on the lowest radial-dominated natural frequency, but plays a significant role in the higher radial-dominated natural frequencies for various combinations of m (number of longitudinal) and n (number of circumferential) waves in the mode even for the MWCNTs of small innermost radius. Especially, due ...


Perinatal deaths occurring outside the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) are rarely recorded in outcome studies, despite having a direct impact on perinatal statistics. Our aim was to investigate the timing and modes of perinatal deaths that occurred outside the NICU and changes over time.


The phenomenon of Ostwald Ripening is generally considered a limiting factor in the monodisperse production of nanoparticles. However, by analysing the free energy of a binary AB solution with precipitated A particles we show that there is a region in the parameter space of component concentrations and interaction energies where smaller particles are more stable than bigger ones. The strong binding of B species to surfaces of A particles significantly decreases the particle effective surface energy, making it negative. The global minimum of free energy in such a system is thus reached when mass is transferred from bigger particles to the smaller ones, such that all particles become identical in size. The process of mass transfer is opposite to Ostwald ripening, and can be used for generating monodisperse arrays of nanoparticles.


We present detailed experimental investigation of scattered radiation spatial structure in the geometry of a transmission grating photorefractive passive ring mirror (Fig. 1) and compare our results with the predictions of Ref.[1]. According to the theory, behaviour of a ring mirror in the limit of large Fresnel numbers is determined by two scale variation coefficients: α// and α⊥. Scale variation coefficient α// is the ratio of the width of the pumping beam 4 in the plane of intersection to that of the pumping beam 2 (see Fig. 1). For | α// | <1 beam 4 is narrower and for | α// | >1 wider, than beam 2. The same with the scale variation coefficient α⊥, but for the direction, perpendicular to the intersection plane.


This study aims to investigate the possible effects of harvesting activities on litter decomposition in micro ecologic areas belonging to 3 different species (Trojan fir (Abies nordmanniana subsp. Equi-trojani (Aschers & Sint. ex. Boiss) Coode & Cullen), scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Miller)). To this end, litter decomposition experiments were carried out on these three species. The litter decomposition specimens were placed on their own stands where there were harvesting activities in previous years and in neighboring stands where there were no harvesting activities for control purposes. Theses micro ecologic areas are nonharvesting activity areas (control) (C), intra-forest skidding roads (Skidding road) (SR), under logging residues (Logging residue) (LR) and areas with a 20% slope and top-soil damaged during harvesting activities and scalped mineral soil (SMS). The decomposition processes were observed for 18 months, mass change values were calculated every six months and their mass loss and decomposition values were calculated. At the end of eighteen months, it was seen that the effects of intra-forest activities on litter decomposition showed differences among micro ecologic areas. According to the study results, forest harvesting activities (C, SR, LR and SMS) affect litter decomposition in various micro ecologic areas that occur in the remaining stand in great extent. As well as this, it is seen that the effect of forest harvesting activities on the litter decomposition is not in the same direction for every species. This study revealed that on micro ecologic areas decomposition sorting in ascending order was LR > C > SMS > SR for scots pine needles, LR = SR > C > SMS for Trojan fir needles, and C > SR > LR > SMS for sweet chestnut leaves. It has been concluded that forest harvesting activities influenced litter decomposition rates significantly.


We present the first imaging X-ray observation of the highly inclined (i= 78°) Sab Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 6810 using XMM–Newton, which reveals soft X-ray emission that extends out to a projected height of ∼7 kpc away from the plane of the galaxy. The soft X-ray emission beyond the optical disc of the galaxy is most plausibly extraplanar, although it could instead come from large galactic radius. This extended X-ray emission is spatially associated with diffuse Hα emission, in particular with a prominent 5-kpc-long Hα filament on the north-west of the disc. A fraction ≲35 per cent of the total soft X-ray emission of the galaxy arises from projected heights |z| ≥ 2 kpc. Within the optical disc of the galaxy the soft X-ray emission is associated with the star-forming regions visible in ground-based Hα and XMM–Newton optical monitor near-UV imaging. The temperature, supersolar α-element-to-iron abundance ratio, soft X-ray/Hα correlation, and X-ray to far-infrared (FIR) flux ratio of NGC 6810 are all consistent with local starbursts with winds, although the large base radius of the outflow would make NGC 6810 one of the few 'disc-wide' superwinds currently known. Hard X-ray emission from NGC 6810 is weak, and the total E= 2–10 keV luminosity and spectral shape are consistent with the expected level of X-ray binary emission from the old and young stellar populations. The X-ray observations provide no evidence of any active galactic nucleus activity. We find that the optical, IR and radio properties of NGC 6810 are all consistent with a starburst galaxy, and that the old classification of this galaxy as a Seyfert 2 galaxy is probably incorrect.


In a market economy, successful performance of an enterprise is based on the competitiveness of the product. The product competitiveness implies the product quality confirmed by certificates; the quality stability is achieved through the implementation of quality systems in an enterprise. For the achievement of the put aims and results guidance must spare due attention to quality work of personnel, decide the great number of tasks on development, educating, skilled account, planning, analysis and estimation of personnel. The article focuses on the ISO 9000 standards and various interpretations of the term «quality». The interrelation between the quality management system and personnel is described. The process «Human Resource Management» is considered and the scheme of its implementation is proposed using the example of an electric power enterprise.


Objective The aim of the study was to compare four different surgical techniques for tonsillectomy during free medical camps in Yemen, regarding type of anesthesia, complication rates, operative time, and cost of the operation. Patients and methods This prospective study was conducted from April 2006 to December 2011. There were 12 280 patients who underwent tonsillectomy in 26 hospitals in different Yemeni governorates, and operations were performed in 46 free medical camps. Under general anesthesia, we performed traditional dissection techniques (TDTs) and bipolar diathermy technique. Under local anesthesia, tonsillectomies were performed using TDT and guillotine excision technique. Results Of the 12 280 tonsillectomies patients, 53.7% were male patients and 46.3% were female patients. The median age of the patients was 11.5 years (range 3-30 years). Under general anesthesia, 6639 (54.1%) tonsillectomies were performed; of these, 86.1% were performed by TDT, whereas 13.9% were performed by bipolar diathermy technique. Under local anesthesia, 5641 (45.9%) tonsillectomies were performed; of these, 81% were performed by TDT, whereas 19% were performed by guillotine excision technique. Post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage was low in patients operated by TDT as compared with the other techniques. No significant differences were found in operative time between the four surgical techniques. The costs of tonsillectomy ranged between 30 and 37$. Conclusion The TDT is the most common method performed in the free medical camps, is handy, favorite, less costly, and comfortable for our patients, and is suitable for our work environments, experiences, and equipments. We recommend this technique for the same circumstances as a day-case tonsillectomy. Although less postoperative hemorrhage was observed in traditional surgery under general anesthesia, surgery under local anesthesia is safer and less costly.


While conducting a cutting-edge research in a specific domain, we realize that (1) requirements clarity and correctness are crucial to our success [1], (2) hardware is hard to change, most work is in software requirements development, coding and testing [2], (3) requirements are constantly changing, so that configurability, reusability, scalability, adaptability, modularity and testability are important non-functional attributes [3], (4) cross-domain knowledge is necessary for complex systems [4], and (5) if our research is successful, the results could be applied to other domains with similar problems. In this paper, we propose to use model-driven requirements engineering (MDRE) to model and guide our requirements/development, since models are easy to understand, execute, and modify. The domain for our research is Electronic Warfare (EW) real-time ultra-wide instantaneous bandwidth (IBW1) signal simulation. The proposed four MDRE models are (1) Switch-and-Filter architecture, (2) multiple parallel data bit streams alignment, (3) post-ADC and pre-DAC bits re-mapping, and (4) Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) filter bank. This research is unique since the instantaneous bandwidth we are dealing with is in gigahertz range instead of conventional megahertz.


The electric charge of the phase soliton in the Peierls dielectric is calculated when e-e interaction is present. It is shown that the value of the charge is connected with the change of the phase of the charge density wave on the soliton ∆ae by the relationship q=∆ae/2π(1 +δ) where δ is a constant of scattering forward.


Human-Simulated Fuzzy Neural Network Control method is proposed,which applies with the performance of the high ro-bust and the performance of dealing with the objects with dificulty of controlling,combines with fuzzy RBF Neural Network control technology,optimize the parameters of PID controller.The method uses multi-mode control thought of Human-Simulated intelligence,select the mode of PID controller.Simulation results in nonlinear system shows that the control performance of Human -Simulated fuzzy RBF Neural Network is better than the fuzzy RBF Neural Network.


Obesity is a prominent global phenomenon of this century related to the several chronic diseases and associated mortality. Social determinants and environmental factors could play an important role among humans in the adoption of certain behaviors leading to the obesity and related health issues. This makes obesity a complex public health issue dependent on several physiological, pathobiological and psychological phenomena. This manuscript is an attempt to examine the complex interrelationship between the social environment, social determinants, and behavioral factors and their role in the development of the adverse health outcomes. The article also describes a few examples examining the impact of selected public health interventions on behavioral modifications among study samples/populations that could lead to the healthier lifestyles and decrease in obesity.


Since analytical data on the different composition of human milk and cow's milk became available at the beginning of this century, human milk has always been the gold standard for creation of infant formulas. When it became evident that cow's milk contains three times the protein concentration of human milk, the first steps of protein adaptation consisted in dilution of cow's milk at a 1:1 ratio with water and supplementation with sucrose and starch to compensate for dilution-related energy losses. As methods for the determination of amino acid concentrations became more reliable, the considerable differences in almost all amino acid patterns in human milk and cow's milk proteins were recognized. Because of the comparatively low concentration in cow's milk of cystine, which was thought to be an essential amino acid in infancy, it was then recommended that cow's milk should be diluted with water in a ratio of 2:1 for the preparation of infant formulas in order to meet the infant's cystine requirements. These formulas, which contained 2.3% protein, were generally in use up to the 1950s. They contained the majority of all amino acids in abundance and represented a large excretory load in the form of urea and ammonia. At that time, attention was focused on the amino acid composition of the various fractions of human milk and cow's milk protein. The whey protein fraction of cow's milk was found to be rich in the essential amino acids deficient in whole cow's milk protein and the idea of whey protein supplementation of cow's milk came into being. The admixture of whey protein to cow's milk at ratios of 60:40 or 50:50 rendered it possible to adapt the amino acid pattern of cow's milk more closely to the amino acid composition of human milk protein and to avoid an excessive supply of aromatic amino acids and methionine, as well as avoiding cystine and tryptophan deficiency. The surplus of threonine, due to the whey protein admixture, was considered to be unimportant.


The influence of the natural perturbation force will cause the eccentricity of the GEO satellite to produce a periodic motion with a period of years, and then cause the east–west station of the GEO satellite to oscillate. From the perspective of the best fuel-saving or the failure of the thruster used for station keeping, some scholars have proposed a method of slightly deflecting the thrust used for north–south station keeping (NSSK) to the east or west to achieve the integrated keeping of inclination and longitude. The disadvantage of this strategy is that the eccentricity cannot be maintained, and even causes the continuous divergence of the eccentricity. Based on the above problems, this paper proposes a low fuel consumption keeping method for eccentricity under the integrated maintenance of inclination and longitude. Assuming that the satellite is only equipped with a south (north) direction thruster for station keeping, on the premise of not affecting the satellite's Earth observation, the satellite's forward flight and backward flight are switched every year at the spring equinox and autumn equinox, which can prevent the eccentricity divergence when performing mean longitude keeping. When the accuracy of the east–west station keeping is not pursued, this method can not only effectively save the fuel consumption of the station keeping, but also greatly reduce the number of eccentricity maintenance interventions and the interference to the whole satellite due to the eccentricity keeping, which has a certain engineering application value.


We report two cases of Qatari children with cystic fibrosis (CF) from different families presenting the homozygous CFTR 1521_1523delCTT (p. Phe508del) mutation with classic CF phenotypes. This gene mutation is considered the second CF mutation identified in Qatar. Herein, we review the frequency and distribution of this mutation in Arab countries.


NLP models have demonstrated susceptibility to adversarial attacks, thereby compromising their robustness. Even slight modifications to input text possess the capacity to deceive NLP models, leading to inaccurate text classifications. In the present investigation, we introduce Lexi-Guard: an innovative method for Adversarial Text Generation. This approach facilitates the rapid and efficient generation of adversarial texts when supplied with initial input text. To illustrate, when targeting a sentiment classification model, the utilization of product categories as attributes is employed, ensuring that the sentiment of reviews remains unaltered. Empirical assessments were conducted on real-world NLP datasets to showcase the efficacy of our technique in producing adversarial texts that are both more semantically meaningful and exhibit greater diversity, surpassing the capabilities of numerous existing adversarial text generation methodologies. Furthermore, we leverage the generated adversarial instances to enhance models through adversarial training, demonstrating the heightened resilience of our generated attacks against model retraining endeavors and diverse model architectures.


Based on the curvature modification principle for toroidal worm,this paper expounds the modification essence of plane enveloping toroidal worm,proposes the method to improve the performance of the worm,that is to make both the varying rules of modifying worm profiles and curvature radius curve identical.The faultiness crux of the typical plane enveloping toroidal worm with medium or small transmission rate is that modifying rules are not very identical with the variety curve of curvature radius,and the position of mini-extremum at modifying curve is much close to the mid of worm.If the position wants to be moved towards the end of worm,it is necessary to add a appended modifying curve with negative variety rate,and it's absolute value is same as at new position of mini-extremum selected at typical modifying curve.After superimposing reasonable appended modifying curve upon typical one,the result conformed to curvature modification principle can be obtained,the worm performance will come up to the best,that can be achieved in manufacturing,just using changed center distance at normal machines for toroidal worm.


The Degrees of Reading Power test was administered in three school districts to determine how well the test measures gains or losses over time. One time interval included summer noninstructional months (April 1981 through October 1981); the other time interval included only regular instructional months (October 1981 through April 1982). For the first interval, October 1981 scores were significantly higher than April 1981 scores in two of the three participating districts. For the second interval, April 1982 scores were significantly higher than October 1981 scores in all three districts. Longitudinal findings appear to reflect the effects of instruction and/or growth.


Economic analysis can provide a means of establishing the socially desirable level of accident loss in various parts of our transportation system. The optimal amount of safety would be found when the cost to society of producing the last increment (marginal cost) just equals the benefit to society (marinal social benefit). This article contains an explicit model of the behavior of motorists in situations involving accident risk. The model is useful not so much for the conclusions that can be drawn from it, but rather for providing a frame of reference for evaluating improvements in safety. The present law does not recognize the fact that many motorists may not find the benefits to society equal to the cost of their discomfort or inconvenience. If it is deemed socially desirable to alter the behavior of individuals to promote safety, economic incentives can be used to promote this goal.


A second-order perturbation theory for non-dispersive, undamped dust acoustic waves is presented. The analysis leads to a second-order wave equation with source terms consisting of (nonlinear) products of first-order terms. The nonlinear effects included in this analysis might be useful in explaining the non-sinusoidal waveforms that are observed with large-amplitude, self-excited dust acoustic waves.


A new kind of transformer oil-based nanofluids(NFs)with ZnO semiconducting nanoparticles is prepared to investigate the influences of adding nanoparticles on dielectric loss tangent of transformer oil.The mechanism on how the nanoparticle volumetric concentration and environmental temperature affect the NF dielectric loss tangent is also discussed.A new dielectric loss model based on conduction loss and nanoparticle relaxation loss is proposed. The experiments show that the ZnO NF dielectric loss tangent linearly increases with the nanoparticle volumetric concentration and exponentially increases with the temperature. Meanwhile the calculation of dielectric loss model coincides well with the experiments.The further analysis suggests that for ZnO NFs the dielectric loss tangent is dominantly determined by conduction loss,and the influence of nanoparticle relaxation loss is slight.


As we know that there is lot of insufficiency of raw materials used in the construction and there is immediate need to prevent the pollution caused by the manufacturing of building materials used in construction. Therefore we can replace some amount of raw material which is insufficient in availability, with the waste materials such as fly ash, silica fume, slag, different type of fibers etc. usage of these waste material will ultimately reduce the construction cost with multiple advantages in improvement of various strength parameters. Our main aim is to investigate the compressive strength and bond strength of prepared reference mix M25 with locally available materials and after that we have studied the effect of incorporation of Fly ash alone and then Fly ash along with fibers, which are being added by weight of cement as a


We study the geometry of complete generic Ricci solitons with the aid of some geometric-analytical tools extending techniques of the usual Riemannian setting.


An investigation on log hauling by truck and semi-trailer truck has been carried out at 14 concession areas in Sumatera and 5 concession areas in South Kalimantan in 1980 and 1981. The investigation comes to the following conclussions :1. Logging Companies in Riau, Jambi and South Sumatera use poorly constructed forest roads without any graveling.2. On the other hand those in South Kalimantan are relatively good graveled roads.3. Effective hauling outputs of trucks range from 91 to 361 m3km/round trip hour, with an average of 247 m3 km/round trip hour, and those of semi-trailer truck from 265 to 841 m3 km/round trip hour, with an average of 494 m3 km/round trip hour.There is pronounced linier relation between hauling distance and round trip time.


The propagation characteristics of the interaction between a vortex and a helicopter airfoil are investigated by a variety of methods, and a comparison is made between solutions to the linearized transonic small disturbance equation, transonic small disturbance equation, Euler equations, and Navier-Stokes equations. Although the first two methods are able to accurately predict the propagation of acoustic waves, they are unable to accurately describe the initial formation of acoustic waves. The Euler and Navier-Stokes equations are shown to be well suited to the investigation of acoustic waves and give approximately the same results.


OBJECTIVE To analyze the risk factors for severe hepatitis complicated with nosocomial infection. METHODS The investigation form was designed,and the data of 190 patients was analyzed,including patient age,gender,nosocomial infection,hospital infection bacteria and hospital infection case fatality rate,hospitalization time,invasive operation,use of immunosuppressive drugs and antibiotic use. RESULTS The hospital infection rate was 21.3%,hospital infection mortality rate was 55.3%.The main infection site was the peritoneal cavity,accounting for 46.3%,the next was lower respiratory tract infection,accounting for 21.6%,totally 39 strains of pathogens were cultured and isolated from the blood,sputum,urine,feces and ascites,the main pathogens were positive cocci,accounting for 23.1%,followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae,accounting for 18.0%.Hospital infection was related to age,duration of hospitalization,invasive procedures and the application of antibiotics. CONCLUSION The major nosocomial risk factors for severe hepatitis complicated with nosocomial infection are the duration of hospitalization,invasive operation and application of antibiotics time.To shorten the duration of hospitalization as much as possible and reasonably use antibiotics can reduce the nosocomial infection rate of patients with severe hepatitis.


Design a scientific and reasonable Car styling is the first task of car development. These should be in accordance with the public appreciation of the beauty. The SUV car styling evaluation research is based on the user's demands, using Kansei Engineering research method, contrast with sensual word index, The results of the SUV model evaluation index weight of various indicators calculated by minimum angle. These indicators data can provide theoretical basis for the SUV formative evaluation, and can also indicate the direction for the designer's design work.


Bis-coumarins and xanthenes are privileged compounds with diverse pharmaceutical activities. Hence, we introduce here an efficient synthesis of 3,3′-arylmethylene-bis-(4-hydroxycoumarin-3-yl) and 1,8-dioxooctahydroxanthenes under the soft catalytic activity of magnetite encapsulated hot-water-soluble starch nanoparticles. The greater catalytic efficiency of the bio-derived nano-composite in these syntheses over magnetite and hot-water-soluble starch was ascribed to cooperation of its two components in proton exchange with the reactants. The enhanced proton exchange of the nano-composite was better interpreted as being conducted by its bioorganic shell through switching between the covalent and the coordination bonds it forms with the magnetite core. Application of a nontoxic and superparamagnetic bio-consistent catalyst, simple work-up procedure, and short reaction times are the prominent advantages of the synthetic methods presented here. The nano-catalyst is stable, as it can be recycled in the model reactions at least four times without appreciable decrease in its catalytic activity.


Algorithm of mining weighted association rules with multiple minimum supports is proposed to solve the problems that the transactions and data items have not the same importance in datasets.The algorithm allows user to specify multiple minimum supports and give the weights of the transactions to find the useful association rules.The transactions are classified as the items' minimum support ascending order in the algorithm,and the weighted frequent itemsets in every classification are solved successively.The redundant items are deleted and the same itemsets are cumulated during the mining,and the new algorithm neednt 'scan the database many times repeatedly,so the efficiency of the mining is improved.The experiment shows that the algorithm is efficient in mining the weighted association rules from transaction dataset.


Hydrolysis of solution-grown crystals and X-ray crystal structures were investigated in some Copolyesters. The isomorphism of the copolymers is discussed. The folded-chain crystals of the solution-grown crystals are changed to extended-chain crystals by hydrolysis. The changes of the counit content indicate that ethylene is-ophthalate units can coexist, but ethylene orthophthalate and sebacate units can coexist only to a limited extent, with ethylene terephthalate units in the central portions of the lamellae. These results agree well with the X-ray studies of the fiber structures. Two types of constitution diagrams are proposed for the copolymer.


Structural damage from very strong (and fortunately relatively rare) winds is the most obvious effect of wind on roofs, but even moderate winds are important in the over-all picture. The movement of air through roof spaces must also be considered. The same wind-induced pressure distributions that cause structural loading also cause air to flow, even at moeerate wind speeds, from regions of higher to regions of lower pressure if openings exist either intentionally or accidentally. The wind factor mult, therefore, be taken into account in planning the size and location of ventilation openings. A difference may be, of course, that at low wind speeds building pressurization by mechanical equipment and, in winter, chimney effect can cause pressure differentials of the same order of magnitude as those produced by wind. In principle, however, it is best to put exhausts in areas of continuous suction (independent of wind direction).


Real-time quality-controlled surface current data derived from X-Band marine radar (MR) measurements were evaluated to estimate their operational reliability. The presented data were acquired by the standard commercial off-the-shelf MR-based sigma s6 WaMoS® II (WaMoS® II) deployed onboard the German Research vessel Polarstern. The measurement reliability is specified by an IQ value obtained by the WaMoS® II real-time quality control (rtQC). Data which pass the rtQC without objection are assumed to be reliable. For these data sets accuracy and correlation with corresponding vessel-mounted acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) measurements are determined. To reduce potential misinterpretation due to short-term oceanic variability/turbulences, the evaluation of the WaMoS® II accuracy was carried out based on sliding means over 20 min of the reliable data only. The associated standard deviation σWaMoS = 0.02 m/s of the mean WaMoS® II measurements reflect a high precision of the measurement and the successful rtQC during different wave, current and weather conditions. The direct comparison of 7272 WaMoS® II/ADCP northward and eastward velocity data pairs yield a correlation of r ≥0.94, with bias∆ ≤0.06 m/s and σS=0.05 m/s. This confirms that the MR-based surface current measurements are accurate and reliable.


A protocol for isolation of protoplast from the mycelium of Fusarium pallidoroseum, a potential biocontrol agent of water hyacinth, was standardized. Stable and more medium sized protoplasts were obtained from 18 h old mycelium at 3 h after incubation, using 80 mg of lytic enzyme from Trichoderma harzianum , in 4 ml of 0.01 M citrate buffer (pH 5.85) containing 0.6 M KCl and 5 mM DTT. The protoplasts were regenerated in the regeneration medium.


Deployment of sensor nodes to fully cover an area has caught the interest of many researchers. However, some simplifying assumptions are adopted such as knowledge of obstacles, centralized algorithm... To cope with these drawbacks, we propose OA-DVFA (Obstacles Avoidance Distributed Virtual Forces Algorithm) a self-deployment algorithm to ensure full area coverage and network connectivity. This fully distributed algorithm is based on virtual forces to move sensor nodes. In this paper, we show how to avoid the problem of node oscillations and to detect the end of the deployment in a distributed way. We evaluate the impact of the number, shape and position of obstacles on the coverage rate, the distance traveled by all nodes and the number of active nodes. Simulation results show the very good behavior of OA-DVFA.


As an agency-trained researcher, the two years I spent as Head of Research at a mental health charity opened my eyes to the fact that mental health problems are 'invisible' and widespread, and that people with mental health problems regularly face exclusion. During this time I conducted many research projects among people with mental health problems, usually about mental health-related issues and services, through which I responded to feedback and constantly amended my approach to ensure that I was providing a high-quality and inclusive research environment. My attention was also drawn to the fact that many people with mental health problems are also consumers of mainstream products and services, and therefore form a notable proportion of the population of participants involved with mainstream research projects. In this article I will discuss 'best practice' ways in which mental health problems should be considered when conducting mainstream qualitative research projects, and focus groups in particular.


: A post-marketing surveillance study was conducted to assess the safety and efficacy of LOMEWON ® , 0.3% lomefloxacin otic solution, for bacterial otitis externa in dogs. In this study, we performed a safety study to investigate the incidence of adverse drug reactions to LOMEWON ® . We also performed an efficacy study to investigate its efficacy, and to compare its bacteriological efficacy with that of the clinical trial results. Among 613 cases, 3 adverse drug reactions were reported: vomiting, ear abrasion, and external auditory canal lesion. The incidence rate of adverse drug reactions was 0.49%. The efficacy rate of 103 cases in the efficacy study was 66.0%. Furthermore, the disappearance rates of S. intermedius , S. canis , and P. aeruginoca were 77.1%, 79.0%, and 92.3%, respectively, showing that LOMEWON ® had high efficacy in eradicating these bacterial species. These results indicate that LOMEWON ® is a useful drug with a low incidence rate of adverse drug reactions.


The aim of this study was to determine histomorphometry of the skeletal muscle at rams from the Tigaie breed and males mouflon ( Ovis ammon musimon Pal.) knowing that, in addition to a variety of factors, both the fiber thickness and muscle fascicles influence of meat quality. The study was conducted on the deltoid muscle fragments taken from five individuals of the each species. The muscle samples were processed according to the method of embedded in paraffin, sectioned to a thickness of 5 µm and stained with Mallory's trichrome method. From the histomorphometric analysis resulted that in mouflon, the average area of muscle fascicles is larger, as compared with the ram (p <0.05), the ratio between the fascicles muscle area and the interfascicular connective tissue being 2.939:1 to mouflon and 1,624:1 to ram. Also, at mouflon the muscle fibers are thicker, the area and perimeter  registering an average value of 486.60 μm 2 , respectively 82.83 μm while in the ram, the area of the muscle fibers is 281.56 μm 2 and the perimeter of 62.92 μm (p <0.001). The amount of interfibrillar connective tissue is higher in the ram (p <0.05) and the ratio between the muscular fibers area and interfibrillar connective tissue area was 1.649:1 in mouflon and 1.451:1 at ram (p<0.05).


Kangaroo Island was an important seal-harvesting site during the early years of European colonisation of Australia. A recent survey of the New Zealand fur seal, Arctocephalus forsteri, in South and Western Australia indicates that Kangaroo I. is still an important centre for the species. In order to determine changes in the abundance of the population, numbers of pups were determined at four colonies on Kangaroo Island by mark-recapture in up to five breeding seasons from 1988-89 to 1992-93. Clipping was the preferred technique for mark-recapture estimation of pups because it was quick, easy and effective. Recaptures were conducted visually; they were repeated several times in each season to improve precision of the estimates. No pups were marked between recaptures in order to minimise disturbance. Assumptions made in estimating population size by the mark-recapture technique pertinent to this study are reviewed. Pup numbers increased at three colonies: at Cape Gantheaume, from 458 to 867 over five years (with exponential rate of increase r = 0.16, n = 5); at Nautilus North, from 182 to 376 over five years (at r = 0.19, n = 4); and at North Casuarina Islet, from 442 to 503 over four years (at r = 0.043, n = 2). Rates of increase in the first two colonies are similar to those at the most rapidly increasing fur seal populations in the Southern Hemisphere. The Kangaroo I. population is estimated to be 10000 animals in 1992-93. It is likely to be at the recolonisation phase of growth, with high rates of increase at individual colonies (or parts of colonies) resulting from local immigration. As space does not appear to be limiting expansion in these colonies, fur seal numbers may continue to increase there.


A series of measurements were used to optimize the producing system of beef cattle grazing on mixture pasture of cocksfoot and white clover,and these measurement included 24 hours' rotation grazing,seasonal adjustment of stocking rate,sustainable application fertilizer,weed,fodder supplementary.The soil nutrients,intensity of pasture growth,standing biomass,component,nutrients,weights and daily gain of beef cattle were monitored in the process of experiment.The results of this study showed the beef cattle was good and the economic benefit per unit was 1 135 Yuan/ha when the stocking rate was 1.4 cattle unite/ha and the growth biomass of pasture was above 8 077 kg/ha under 24 hour grazing conditions.These optimal measurements were advantageous to sustainable utilization of pasture.Finally,this study proposed the effective advices to solve present problems of grazing system of beef cattle.


Aim of this experiment was to investigate the effect of tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) essential oil in the nutrition of laying hens on table egg production, antioxidant activity and potential as a natural anticoccidial drug. A total of 360 Lohmann Brown laying hens aged 54 weeks were divided into 3 different treatment diets, supplemented with 0 (T1), 40 (T2) and 80 mg/kg (T3) tea tree essential oil, respectively. Each treatment was replicated 4 times with 30 birds each. The experiment lasted 56 days in total (55 to 62 weeks of hen age). The 56 day experimental period was divided into 2 periods of 28 days duration each: period 1 (55 to 58 weeks of hens age) and period 2 (59 to 62 weeks of hens age). The hens' blood oxidative status, including glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA), and the anticoccidial effects of tea tree on Eimeria spp. compared to the unsupplemented control treatment, were evaluated. With the diet supplemented with tea tree essential oil, hen-day egg production improved significantly (P<0.05). Dietary addition of tea tree as a natural coccidiostatic in treatments T2 and T3 indicated a statistically significant (P<0.05) increase in SOD and GSHPx activity compared with control treatment T1, while significant changes in MDA concentration were not recorded (P>0.05). The anticoccidial activity of tea tree essential oil caused a significant (P<0.05) decrease in the output of Eimeria spp. oocysts per hen. Based on the results, it may be concluded that dietary tea tree essential oil was effective in increasing hen-day egg production and reducing coccidia oocysts output, hence it can be used as a prophylactic feed additive. Also tea tree oil showed an important role in the activation of antioxidative protection systems in hens.


This study looks at the major economic linkages explaining real GDP correlations for 51 countries including 27 emerging markets for the 1970-2008 period. The GMM-IV and 3SLS simultaneous equation models show that trade integration, especially in the form of intra-industry trade, and similarity in economic structures are the most important determinants of output correlations. On average, global financial integration has no significant effect on output synchronization. However, for developed country pairs and developed and emerging market pairs, financial integration lowers business cycle synchronization, whereas for emerging markets, financial integration increases synchronization. There are strong indirect effects from financial openness to trade integration and structural convergence. In addition, FTA membership, trade partner diversification, differences in fiscal spending, and stability of bilateral exchange rates increase output correlations. Similar oil import dependencies increase synchronization primarily among developed country pairs.


The Arizona Bird Committee reviewed 287 records and updated the Arizona bird list through 2017, adding eight species: the Common Crane (Grus grus), Lesser Sand-Plover (Charadrius mongolus), Wedge-rumped Storm-Petrel (Oceanodroma tethys), Juan Fernandez Petrel (Pterodroma externa), Wedge-tailed Shearwater (Ardenna pacifica), Pine Flycatcher (Empidonax affinis), California Scrub-Jay (Aphelocoma californica), and Little Bunting (Emberiza pusilla). These bring the Arizona state list to 563 species in good standing. This is the ninth published report of the Arizona Bird Committee (ABC; Speich and Parker 1973, Speich and Witzeman 1975, Rosenberg and Witzeman 1998, 1999, Rosenberg 2001, Rosenberg et al. 2007, 2011, 2017). This report covers records from the period between 2015 and the end of 2017, and in addition includes some recently reviewed records from prior years. The ABC reviewed a total of 287 records (some with multiple submissions from several observers), of which 238 (83%) were accepted. Eight species were added to the Arizona state list, bringing it to 563 species in good standing. Other highlights in this report include acceptance of Arizona's first physically documented Black Swift (Cypseloides niger), fourth through eighth Ruby-throated Hummingbirds (Archilochus colubris), doubling the previous number of state records, second Royal Tern (Thalasseus maximus), second Black Storm-Petrel (Oceanodroma melania), fourth through eighth Least Storm-Petrels (Oceanodroma microsoma), first nesting of the Rose-throated Becard (Pachyramphus aglaiae) since 2006, second and third Couch's Kingbirds (Tyrannus couchii), first confirmed nesting of the Tufted Flycatcher (Mitrephanes phaeocercus), fifth Yellow-bellied Flycatcher (Empidonax flaviventris), fourth Carolina Wren (Thryothorus ludovicianus), fourth and fifth Blue Mockingbirds (Melanotis caerulescens), second White Wagtail (Motacilla alba), second White-winged Crossbill (Loxia leucoptera), third LeConte's Sparrow (Ammodramus leconteii), and tenth Fan-tailed Warbler (Basileuterus lachrymosa). The current Arizona Bird Committee (2019) consists of Chris D. Benesh, Andrew Core, Sean Fitzgerald, Lauren Harter (who serves as chair), Scott Olmstead, Gary H. Rosenberg (who also serves as secretary), David Vander Pluym, and Magill Weber. Recent committee members who also voted on records in this report include Laurens Halsey, Eric Hough, Kurt Radamaker (who also serves as web master), Dave Stejskal, and John Yerger. Janet Witzeman serves in a nonvoting capacity as assistant secretary and has done so since the inception of the committee in the early 1970s.


A robust auto-landing problem of a Truss-braced Wing (TBW) regional jet aircraft with poor stability characteristics is presented in this study employing a Fuzzy Reinforcement Learning scheme. Reinforcement Learning (RL) has seen a recent surge in practical uses in control systems. In contrast to many studies implementing Deep Learning in RL algorithms to generate continuous actions, the methodology of this study is straightforward and avoids complex neural network architectures by applying Fuzzy rules. An innovative, agile civil aircraft is selected not only to meet future aviation community expectations but also to demonstrate the robustness of the suggested method. In order to create a multi-objective RL environment, a Six-degree-of-freedom (6-DoF) simulation is first developed. By transforming the auto-landing problem of the aircraft into a Markov Decision Process (MDP) formulation, the problem is solved by designing a low-level Fuzzy Q-learning (FQL) controller. More specifically, the well-known Q-learning method, which is a discrete RL algorithm, is supplemented by Fuzzy rules to provide continuous actions with no need to complex learning structures. The performance of the proposed system is then evaluated by extensive flight simulations in different flight conditions considering severe wind gusts, measurement noises, actuator faults, and model uncertainties. Besides, the controller effectiveness would be compared with existing competing techniques such as Dynamic Inversion (DI) and Q-learning. The simulation results indicate the superior performance of the proposed control system as a reliable and robust control method to be employed in real applications.


Fundamental concepts for roughness modeling have been further explored and advanced. A basic understanding of the effect of distributed roughness on fully developed turbulent boundary layer, its possible influence on transition, and the mechanism of local spanwise roughness on transition has been achieved. Predictions with a refinement around a spanwise roughness element have been conducted in comparison to TATMo's turbine cascade investigated at VKI. 3d-computations document the status in comparison to the T106C measurements with spanwise roughness for all Reynolds-numbers with two different transition models. Additional validation work shows the reproduction of accurate behavior of influence of height, location, and shape of the roughness element on pitchwise averaged loss and exit angle at midspan. Beside the correct reproduction of flow quantities for the spanwise roughness element, the right assessment of distributed roughness on surfaces of an industrial configuration is important. Because a high grid resolution very near the wall on all surfaces is not always possible, the problem can be solved with the help of wall-functions. The results of the application document the significance of rough wall-function modeling for tubomachinery.Copyright © 2011 by ASME


Mechano-sensory epitheli a in the mammalian inner ear are composed of sensory hair cells and non-sensory supporting hair cells derived from common precursors during development. We have used a conditionally immortal cell line, UB/OC-1, in which differe nti a tion can be induced by a shift in temperature. This cell line is lineage restricted, corresponding to a committed population of hair cell precursors derived from early embryonic cochleae (Rivolta et al., 1998). Differentiation, like all cellular processes, is drive n by changes in expression of many genes via gene transcription. The elucidation of these changes is a central problem in biology. Advances in molecular and computational biology have led to the development of powerful, high-throughput methods for the analysis of differential gene expression . One such method, oligonucleotide arrays (Lockhart et al. , 1996), has been developed by Affymetrix to allow the parallel analysis of many thousands of genes. Affymetrix gene chips were applied to study the differentiation of UB/OC-1 over a period of 14 days. Cells were incubated at 33'C and then switched to 39'C to initiate differentiation. Total RNA was then extracted at daily intervals, converted to eDNA by reverse transcriptase, fragmented and labe lled prior to hybridiza tion to the Affymetrix gene chips. The chips allowed us to monitor 11000 gene expression profiles over 14 days of differentiation (12 time points) . A major problem with so much data for so many genes was extracting re levant expression profiles, many of which were composed of uniden tified genes represented by expressed sequence tags. Our results were analysed with Genespring, a computer program designed to identify groups of genes in terms of their known function, expression leve ls and temporal profiles. Five distinct expression profile groups were defined within the total mRNA populations and have identified potential relationships between a number of known and unknown genes involved in hair cell differentiation .


Based on the general concept of security as a state of protection of vital interests of an individual, society and the state from threats, a comprehensive approach to its assessment is proposed based on the decomposition of the end-to-end process of ensuring security in a specific area of their activity. At the same time, in relation to chemical and biological safety management systems in the industry, it is considered as interconnected sets of organizational (business processes), organizational-technical and technical-technological processes in their life cycle. The classification of the processes that make up their complete group in the life cycle of the control system is given. In relation to each of these processes in the life cycle of the safety management system, the formulation of a typical formal task for evaluating the main indicators of chemical and biological safety is considered, a mathematical method and a criterion for its evaluation are given with the possibility of implementing the method in machine learning technologies. In contrast to the traditional approach, when the assessment of safety indicators is carried out in fragments according to specific highly specialized indicators, the proposed approach, by evaluating its indicators on the basis of a complete group of processes, covers the sphere of organizational (business processes), organizational-technical and technical-technological processes, which allows to take into account the state of chemical and biological safety in the industry both in organizational, technological and technical aspects to the maximum extent. In relation to each of these processes in the life cycle of the safety management system, we consider the formulation of a typical formal task of evaluating the main indicators To select and justify a universal, normalized indicator of medical and biological safety of the state of living conditions of the population. To develop mathematical methods and methods of security assessment based on a systematic approach for various schemes of protection organization and event schemes in a complex environment. To develop a fundamental structure and methodology for the design, organization of work and use of an information system for monitoring and ensuring biological and medical safety. The principal structure is presented and the principle of organization and use of the system of information and analytical support of medical and biological safety is substantiated. A universal, normalized safety criterion has been selected and justified, which allows implementing state and industry standards for assessing the level of safety and quality of measures and systems to ensure it. Mathematical methods and methods of security assessment based on a systematic approach have been developed for various protection organization schemes and event schemes in a complex environment.


System for transmitting data having at least two qualified for data transmission and data processing elements (A, B, C, D, E) each having at least one electronic circuit (4) for controlling the selective transmission of data by optical means using at least one transmitting and / or receiving element (3) which is designed for optical data transmission, and Having a wireless data transmission by means of at least one other transmitting and / or receiving element (2, 14), which is designed for wireless data transmission, characterized, in that at least one electronic switching element (12) and / or the at least one electronic circuit (4) and at least one transmitting and / or receiving element (3) and at least one other transmitting and / or receiving element (2, 14) of an element (A, B, C, D, e) (at an intermediate wiring substrate 1) are arranged, and the wireless non-optical data transmission in the sub-mm / mm wavelength range and the transmission of optical data signals with at least one optical waveguide (7) between the elements (a, B, C, D, e) takes place.


Benign fibrous histiocytomas of soft tissue are composed of spindled fibroblasts admixed with secondary elements including histiocytes, foam cells, and inflammatory cells. These tumors occur equally in males and females and most often arise in the dermis and subcutaneous tissues. We report a rare case of benign fibrous histiocytic tumor of the palate with histologic features and immunohistochemical characteristics.


Tourism is one of the world economy pillars. In the last decades, it underwent an evolution related to consumer behaviour and technological progress. Facing this evolution, several efforts were made by companies; for example, some of them looked for new ways to create value. Despite a great number of studies conducted, the literature shows less evidence related to the variables that affect value creation in tourism companies. Hence, the objective of this paper is to propose a conceptual framework of value creation measurement in tourism through mapping the most frequent indicators in literature. To do so, the authors asked the following research question: what indicators of value creation in tourism were the most mobilized during the last twenty years? Then they performed a meta-analysis based on value creation papers published during the period ranging from 1997 to 2017. Furthermore, based on the NVivo 11 coding method, they processed 747 indicators, of which they considered that 66 were more frequently used as they had been cited at least twice. The main ones are service quality, customer satisfaction, environmental management, and profitability. They grouped these frequent indicators in five categories, namely: customers (10), employees and skills improvement (9), environment and natural resources (6), finance (20), and internal processes (21).


Metallophthalocyanines (MPcs) have potential applications in many areas such as in medicine and material science [1]. Owing to their strong and long-wavelength absorption and efficient reactive oxygen specie generation (ROS) phthalocyanines have emerged as a promising class of second-generation photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy (PDT) [2]. Over the last decade, a substantial number of phthalocyanine-based photosensitizers have been prepared and evaluated for their photodynamic activity. In this work, the stability of metallophtalocyanine has been studied through thermogravimetry analysis, elemental analysis, quantum yields of singlet oxygen photogeneration and FT-IR analysis. Quantum yields of singlet oxygen photogeneration were determined in air (no oxygen bubbled) using the relative method with DPBF as chemical quencher for singlet oxygen [3].


Alcohol-induced inflammation plays an important part in the induction of alcohol induced brain damage. Increased peripheral inflammation, with the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, possibly as a result of bacterial interaction with alcohol, acetaldehyde toxicity, macrophage stimulation or other factors, may act as important chemical messengers, which are able to traverse the blood brain barrier, BBB, and affect central nervous system function. Indeed in adolescent binge drinkers, changes in the plasma ratios of pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory cytokines are eviden. Once these cytokines have crossed the BBB, they may interact with receptors on glial cells thus enhancing the production of pro-inflammatory mediators which may lead to cognitive dysfunction. Since glial cells play an important role in the removal of neurotransmitter at the synaptic cleft, their activation may adversely affect this process thereby further contributing to cognitive dysfunction and depression. In addition increased glutamate excitotoxicity, as a result of alcohol detoxification, may contribute to the pro-inflammatory milieu. Animal studies have shown that the suppression of such an inflammatory response in the brain induced by chronic alcohol abuse and binge drinking by the administration of taurine analogues is beneficial in reducing both the inflammation and excessive glutamate production.


Article History Received: August 16, 2019 Revised: October 24, 2019 Accepted: October 31, 2019 Wheat (Triticum aestivum) is a staple crop of most of the irrigated as well as rainfed areas of the world including Pakistan. Thirty wheat genotypes were used to study the effect of low moisture stress by using Polyethylene Glycol (PEG-6000) under concentration (0%, 15% and 25%) of PEG-6000 at germination stage. Data was recorded for germination percentage, shoot length, root length, coleoptile length, shoot dry weight and root dry weight. The results of analysis were significant and positively Co-related among all parameters. About fourteen genotypes shows 100 % germination in both control as well as under 15% PEG-6000 conditions. Chakwal81, Punjab2011, AAS2011, Pirsabak2005, Pakistan2013, Chakwal50, Pisabak 91 and Lasani2008 performance was better under control as well as 15 % PEG-6000 among all thirty genotypes. While AAUR-10 and Bhakkar-2002 showed no growth under all three concentrations because of fungal growth.


Air pollution has been identified as one of the top priorities in every region around the globe. Particulate matter is the most important pollutant from a global public health perspective. Bahrain was ranked the 7th most polluted country in the world and the first in the Middle East with an annual average of PM2.5 much higher than the WHO recommended guidelines. The procedure included the use of previous relevant studies related to Bahrain. Integrated Environmental Assessment is performed for the PM2.5 in Bahrain by applying the Drivers, Pressures, State, Impact and Responses (DPSIR) framework. PM2.5 levels in Bahrain are exceeding its own national standards for a significant amount of time; this is primarily reflected on human health and the elevated prevalence of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs). Results revealed that drivers include population growth, economic development, urbanization and climate change, while the pressure is the emission of PM2.5 due to anthropogenic factors such as industry, energy production and land reclamation, as well as transboundary dust as a natural factor. Bahrain has taken various measures to minimize air pollution including the issuance of legislations and establishing the air quality monitoring program. Some measures were found to be less effective, for which improvements and more strict actions are required.


Discharge faults in the gas-insulated transmission lines (GIL) induce fast transient overvoltages. The voltage traveling waves generated by the discharge faults are characterized by their high amplitudes, short rise times, and high frequencies. Traditionally, sensors installed inside the GIL enclosure are used to measure the transient overvoltage signals. However, it is difficult to be applied to the substations under operation. In order to measure transient overvoltage safely and conveniently, this paper proposed a sensing method based on capacitive divider which is outside the GIL enclosure. The high-voltage arm capacitor is composed of stray capacitance between the GIL lead-out line and the electrode plate. And the low-voltage arm of the sensor is chip capacitors. Calibration and field tests proved that the sensor has a broad bandwidth response and can accurately measure the overvoltages caused by GIL discharge failures. The external overvoltage sensor provided a new solution for GIL discharge fault monitoring in the GIL.


This paper presents an original caching method called Minimal Quadtree Replication (MQTR) for Web and Mobile Applications (WMA) to query and display large sets of objects on a map. This method pre-builds a quadtree at the server side that is incrementally replicated at the client side. Our method tends to avoid useless queries and to minimize the overlaps of content when similar queries to remote services are done. This caching method offers benefits that increase the quality of service (QoS) provided by the WMA using it, when measured in terms of CPU time, bandwidth, and response time. We compared our MQTR approach with common approaches that are currently used by some popular web sites. Results show that MQTR significantly outperforms the other approaches. The best variant of our method reduces in average the number of requests by a factor of 5.5, transfers 3.9 times less data and requires 2.4 times less CPU time at the server side.


A device that can detect the concentration of total organic carbon (TOC) continuously was designed by combining the technology of supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) and non-dispersive infrared analyzer (NDIR). CuSO4, as one of the common homogeneous catalysts in the SCWO of wastewater, was introduced into the device to lower the reaction temperature and improve the utilization efficiency of H2O2 oxidant. Catalyst use was seen to improve destruction rate significantly, when compared with the results obtained during the non-catalytic experiments. While the oxidant stoichiometric excess needed was ten times or more under non-catalytic condition, it only needed to be two for CuSO4 catalytic system. With CuSO4 solution pumped into the reaction system, lower energy consumption was required and less thermal and mechanical stresses exist within the detecting equipment. The device could detect the concentration of TOC for practical wastewater with low proportion of inorganic carbon precisely and continuously, while for those with high proportion of inorganic carbon a pre-treatment like acidification was needed.


Abstract The paper presents the results of measurements and theoretical calculations for little room models. Five room models have been prepared for analysis and they were placed in a chamber adopted as reverberationless. Measurements of reverberation time in these rooms were made in two variants; first in isotropic sound field, the second in the field disturbed by elements made of mineral wool. Then for all models in both variants theoretical calculations were made by means of three models: Neubeauer's, Sabine's, Eyring's. All the results have been analysed by means of STATISTICA software and based on them statistical inference of theoretical models was made against the measurements for little box rooms.


List of Figures List of Tables A Note to Students Acknowledgments 1. What Is a Number? Is a Rose Always a Rose? Numbers and Scales Some Final Thoughts About Scales of Measurement Numbers and Response Formats Some Final Thoughts About Response Formats Numbers and Test Scores--How Do They Relate? Some Final Thoughts About Measurement Scales and Response Formats Key Terms Models and Self-instructional Exercises Words of Encouragement 2. Frequencies: One Potato, Two Potato, Three Potato, Four Ungrouped Frequency Distributions Grouped Frequency Distributions Cumulative Frequency Distribution Some Final Thoughts About Frequency Distributions Key Terms Models and Self-instructional Exercises Words of Encouragement 3. The Distribution of Test Scores--The Perfect Body? Kurtosis Skewness Some Final Thoughts About Distribution of Test Scores Key Terms Models and Self-instructional Exercises Words of Encouragement 4. Central Tendencies and Dispersion--Coming Together or Growing Apart Central Tendencies--The Inner Core of the Normal Curve The Mode The Median Medians and Modes for Grouped Frequency Data The Mean Some Final Points About Central Tendency Dispersion--Not All Bodies Are the Same Range Deviation Scores Variance Standard Deviation Means and Standard Deviations in the Real World Key Terms Models and Self-instructional Exercises Your New Best Friend--SPSS Words of Encouragement 5. Standardized Scores--Do You Measure Up? Percentiles--What They Mean in Measurement Percentile Ranks for Grouped Data Some Final Thoughts About Percentile Ranks Z Scores Why Transform a Raw Score to a Z Score? Other Standard Scores Key Terms Models and Self-instructional Exercises Your New Best Friend-SPSS Words of Encouragement 6. Norms and Criterion Scores--Keeping Up With the Joneses or Not Criterion-Referenced Tests--Do You Know as Much as You Should? Norm-Referenced Tests--Dying to Fit In Key Terms Models and Self-instructional Exercises Words of Encouragement 7. Error Scores--The Truth, the Whole Truth, and Nothing but the Truth? Test Theory Test-Theory Assumptions Key Terms Models and Self-instructional Exercises Words of Encouragement 8. Building a Strong Test--One the Big Bad Wolf Can't Blow Down Item Difficulty Some Final Thoughts About Item Difficulty Item Discrimination Key Terms Models and Self-instructional Exercises Words of Encouragement 9. Reliability--The Same Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow The Mathematical Foundation of Reliability Types of Reliability Estimates Standard Error of Measurement Correlation Coefficients as Measures of Reliability Some Final Thoughts About Reliability Key Terms Models and Self-instructional Exercises Words of Encouragement 10. Validity--What You See Is Not Always What You Get Helping You Get What You See Sources of Validity Evidence The Marriage of Reliability and Validity--Wedded Bliss Interpreting the Validity of Tests--Intended and Unintended Consequences Some Final Thoughts About Validity Key Terms Models and Self-instructional Exercises Words of Encouragement 11. The Perils and Pitfalls of Testing--Being Ethical Your Own Competence Rights of Those Being Tested Potential Dangers Ryan's Rights Appendix References Index About the Authors


In this article, the relevance of justice in care is discussed, with special regard to long-term care. After a short introduction laying out the conceptual framework of justice and care, followed by an exploration of some special challenges within long-term care, this article consists of two main parts. The first part deals with justice as a general (secular) philosophical phenomenon and draws especially upon principles of justice as developed by John Rawls. Both the principle of fair equality of opportunity and the difference principle, according to which an unequal treatment may be justified, provided that those "worst off" benefit mostly and are relevant within the field of care. The feminist debate about an ethics of care is also considered since its more recent contributions offer interesting attempts to mediate between justice and care. The second part of the article introduces a Christian perspective on justice, with relevance for (long-term) care. From a Christian point of view, one will even more strongly than Rawls argue for a conception of justice, which gives priority to those worst off. It is also argued that justice and care converge in the practice of diakonia. Diakonia, in many traditions synonymous with the caring dimension of the church, always had a special focus on long-term care. In this kind of church-based practice, justice and care are reconciled.


We report the growth of GaAs nanowhiskers on GaAs and Si substrates using two alternative Ga-precursors and demonstrate results of photoluminescence and electrical characterisation of the grown structures towards the fabrication of III/V nanoscaled optoelectronic devices on Si substrate.


Phytochemical investigation of the pet-benzene extract of the leaves of Psidiumguajava was yielded the triterpenoids, olean-12(13), 15(16)-diene, olean-12(13), 15(16)-dien-3β-oland olean-15(16)-en-11α-ol. All the three compounds are reported for the first time from Psidiumguajava. The compounds were established by chemical characterized using IR, NMR, and Mass analysis by comparison with authentic sample. All the three triterpenoids showed moderate to good biocidal activity against some bacterial and fungal pathogens.


GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT Abstract A simple method was developed for the synthesis of 3-chalcogen indoles via iodine-promoted direct 3-selanyl- and 3-sulfenylation of indoles with dichalcogenides. The reaction was carried out smoothly in EtOH under air at room temperature, selectively giving a series of 3-chalcogen indoles bearing different functional groups in good to excellent yields. The procedure has the merits of environmental friendliness, easy operation, wide substrate scope and mild reaction conditions.


The emerging of the collective negotiation method in GATT/WTO is not only the historical coincidence or endogenous institutional outcome but also the rational choice for a nation out of its own benefits.Based on the principle of MFN,under the hypothesis of political realism,a nation will reap more distribution of cooperative benefits in collective negotiation than in sequence negotiation.Therefore,the mode of collective negotiation will become the inevitable choice for a nation under the stimulation of benefits.


This article reviews the book A Cross-Cultural Dialogue on Health Care Ethics, edited by Harold Coward and Pinit Ratanakul. The work is the product of an interdisciplinary team of medical scientists, sociologists, anthropologists, psychologists, philosophers, nurses, lawyers, and religious scholars in both Canada and Thailand for the Centre for Studies in Religion and Society in Victoria, British Columbia. Through their research, this group has compiled a compelling dialogue that centers on health care, life, living, and dying in various societies around the globe. The end result is to advocate a shared vision of health care for the future that is responsive to the mores and demands of every culture. A Cross-Cultural Dialogue on Health Care Ethics provides a good, yet brief, overview of some of the important issues necessary for future dialogue about health care ethics in a global society. The conscientious reader, however, should be quick to realize this book is just a starting point for discussion and not the definitive answer to the world's health care problems.


Abstract : A multi-security level distributed database system was designed based on database parameters and system requirements provided by HQ, Space Div. First, the current state of the art of software verification techniques was reviewed in order to determine exactly what a computer system's software and hardware could be 'trusted' to perform correctly. Then a selection was made from available secure local area network alternatives which would yield a solution that would be operational in other than a 'system high' mode. The system chosen is currently being researched at the Univ. of Newcastle upon Tyne in Great Britain. This approach involves locating a single security partition on a system which is physically and logically separated from the rest of the network. This separation is performed by a number of software and hardware mechanisms which can be formally proven correct. Once the distributed secure system design had been suitably tailored for this application, a partial implementation of the design was successfully accomplished upon a local area network being developed at AFIT. Test results support the feasibility of this approach to the multi-security level distributed database problem.


In recent years the Rhodope Massif has risen in prominence due to the discovery of microdiamond in garnet from metapelites in the Greek Rhodope Mts., establishing the region as a rare UHP province. This study is the first to establish that the UHP conditions continue through to Bulgaria, owing to the discovery of a microdiamond inclusion in garnet from metapelite in the vicinity of the town of Chepelare in the Bulgarian Central Rhodope Mts. This UHP metapelite outcrops within the Chepelare Shear zone (CSZ), a 'melange' of meta-igneous and meta-sedimentary rocks located on the edge of the Variscan Arda dome, one of three metamorphic core complexes that dominate the regional geology. Through a combination of petrographical and geochemical analysis, the metamorphic conditions experienced by these UHP samples have been reconstructed. Two populations of metabasic units in the Central Rhodope Mts. were identified in this study; one within the melange units of the CSZ, and one as boudins in orthogneiss overlying the CSZ. The boudins are shown to be retrogressed eclogites with a suprasubduction zone origin unrelated to the metabasic units within the CSZ. Correlations are observed with Neoproterozoic/Ordovician metabasic samples previously reported from the Eastern Rhodope Mts., which represent remnants of the Variscan Orogeny in this region. Metabasic melange samples within the CSZ instead have an N-MORB affinity, and display no evidence of a shared P-T history with the UHP metapelites. Sm-Nd garnet dating of the metapelites from the CSZ performed in this study indicates a Late Cretaceous age for the UHP metamorphic event. This is significantly younger than previously reported ages, and suggests a formation history associated with the northwards subduction of the Vardar Ocean beneath the Moesian Platform during the Late Mesozoic. The present day structure of the massif is the result of complex Cenozoic tectonics following post orogenic extension and formation of the metamorphic core complexes that are observed across the Rhodope Massif.


Selective breeding for response duration of the lever press was practiced over 6 generations of Swiss Webster white mice. The heritability of response duration was determined as h2 = .338 ± .336 (95% confidence interval) under H o ∴ h2 = 0; Ho ∴ h2 ≠ 0 or h2 = .338 ± .228 (95% confidence interval) under Ho ∴ h3 = 0; H ∴ h2 > 0. In maze running tests short-response-duration mice made fewer errors and took less time to learn a problem to criterion than did long response-duration animals. Rats bred at another laboratory for maze intelligence and tested here for response duration analogously had short duration lever responses when they were maze-bright and long duration responses when they were maze-dull.


This article shows that an innovative and digital economy is one of the important factors in increasing the country's competitiveness and prosperity in the international arena. The economic development of Uzbekistan in the context of the globalization of the world economy and technological development is difficult to imagine without the rapid growth of the digital economy.


Objective To introduce a kind of surgical guide splint for optimal positioning of mini-screw used as anchorage in orthodontic treatment and to evaluate the effect of this surgical guide.Methods Twenty cases of maxillary critical anchorage requisition were selected and 40 mini-screws were inserted into the target region in the maxilla by aid of surgical guide splint. After operation, radiography measurement was performed to evaluate the positioning effect of the surgical guide splint. Fifteen cases (30 mini-screws) undergoing similar operation but without the aid of surgical guide served as control.Results In 40 mini-screws inserted with the aid of surgical guide splint, the average survival time of mini-screw as anchorage was 10.3 months, 2 were lost. The success rate was 95%. The a, b, c point marked on the apical film showed that the vertical distances between those three marked points and the standard line was 0.05 mm 0.91mm, 0.32 mm respectively. There was no significant deviation of mini-srew from the midline between roots in the target region. On the contrary, significant deviation was found in the control group without surgical guide.Conclusion By aid of surgical guide splint, mini-screw could be inserted correctly into the target region.


Soil erosion and agricultural area-source pollution are commonly existed phenomenon.The study on sediment yield of erosion in foreign countries starts earlier.At present,there are some matured distributed models of sediment yield and some matured distributed models have coupled with agricultural area-source pollution model.The study on sediment yield model of erosion in China starts later.There are only some statistical models for agricultural area-source pollution and no integration model of sediment yield with agricultural area-source pollution yet.It systematically reviews the current sediment yield model and agricultural area-source pollution model and puts forward opinions on the existing problems,future development orientation and the application of GIS and RS techniques to the realm.


Resonant clocks are new design techniques for multi-gigahertz clock distributions that are gaining prominence in the design of low power and ultrahigh frequency microprocessors. In the radiofrequency range, new challenges with respect to skews and jitters become greatly pronounced rendering many conventional clocking techniques inadequate. In this work, we present a comparative study of the power dissipation of three resonant clocking techniques: standing wave, rotary wave and dasiaresonant-loadpsila global clock distributions. Specifically, we generated non-overlapping clock signals resonantly to drive transmission gates in the design of our new binary counter. We used a simplified Sunpsilas SwaP Metric to determine the power efficiency of each resonant technique. All of our designs were simulated using Agilent ADS 2006A. Furthermore, our analysis has revealed that the rotary clock design can achieve a power efficiency of a magnitude of two compared to the other resonant clock techniques.


This study investigates deformation along the retrograde path of the Alps through in-situ Th-Pb dating of hydrothermal (or fissure) monazite-(Ce). Fissure monazite-(Ce) crystals are found in alpine-type fissures and crystallizes at relatively low temperatures (∼200 - 400 C). The Th-Pb isotopic system of fissure monazite-(Ce) can only be disturbed by dissolution-(re)precipitation events due to chemical disequilibrium with the hydrothermal fluids, commonly induced by tectonic activity. Fissure monazite-(Ce) ages (i) corroborate existing chronological data, (ii) were completed with structural information in order to constrain tectonic movements associated with monazite-(Ce) crystallization, (iii) were used to attribute fluid inclusion data to different episodes of fissure formation. The combined data show that across the Alps monazite-(Ce) crystallization occurred episodically over 85 Ma. The oldest ages of ∼90 Ma were found in the Eastern Alps whereas younger ages, down to ∼5 Ma, were recorded towards the Central and Western Alps.


This special section of the ACM Transactions on Storage presents two articles from the 13th USENIX Symposium on Operating System Design and Implementation (OSDI'18). OSDI'18 contained 47 exceptionally strong articles across a range of topics: file and storage systems, networking, scheduling, security, formal verification, graph processing, machine learning, programming languages, fault-tolerance and reliability, debugging, and, of course, operating systems design and implementation. The two high-quality articles we have selected for TOS focus, not surprisingly, on file and storage systems. The first article is "Write-Optimized and High-Performance Hashing Index Scheme for Persistent Memory" by Pengfei Zuo, Yu Hua, and Jie Wu. This article introduces an elegant hashing data structure for non-volatile memory (NVM), called level hashing. Level hashing optimizes for NVM with low-overhead consistency mechanisms and by reducing the number of write operations. Level hashing has particularly interesting algorithms for performing in-place resizing of the hash table. The second article is "Finding Crash-Consistency Bugs with Bounded Black-Box Crash Testing" by Jayashree Mohan, Ashlie Martinez, Soujanya Ponnapalli, Pandian Raju, and Vijay Chidambaram. CrashMonkey and Ace are a set of tools to systematically find crash-consistency bugs in Linux file systems. CrashMonkey tests a target file system by simulating power-loss crashes and then checks if the file system recovers to a correct state. Ace automatically generates interesting workloads to stress the target file system; Ace is particularly innovative in how it explores the infinite space of possible workloads. With these new tools, the authors have found many difficult crash-consistency bugs, including 10 previously unknown bugs in widely used, mature Linux file systems and one in FSCQ, a verified file system. We hope you will find these articles interesting and inspiring!


Small concrete beams with no steel reinforcement were externally strengthened with eight different configurations of fiber reinforced polymer composites. The reinforcement configurations consisted of high and low modulus epoxy, high and low modulus fiber, and 1 and 2 composite layers. Load capacity tests were conducted for all eight configurations, and fatigue tests were conducted for two of the configurations. Beams with the higher modulus epoxy had more load capacity than beams with the lower modulus epoxy. However, this enhancement decreased as the failure mode changed from flexural failure to less desirable failure modes. The modulus of the resin had no effect on beam stiffness. The fatigue strength of the beams was strongly dependent on the load capacity of the beams; consequently, higher modulus epoxy could improve the fatigue performance of concrete beams.


Summary form only given. Since the beginning, persistent data and non-persistent data have been treated as two separate abstractions. A clear example is that the model used to store data into volatile memory (mainly objects an their relations) is completely different from the model used to store the same data into a persistent storage (mainly tables or files). This differentiation between data has many negative side effects because persistent data cannot be integrated into the programming model. This lack of integration causes,among others, the following problems i) moving computation to the data becomes a complex task (deployment can become an arduous task), ii) the extraction of potential data parallelism by the programming model is very difficult (the programming model is unaware of where the data really is), and iii) offering a mechanisms to really share data without taking the control from the data owner becomes nearly impossible (we will show that today data is not really shared).In this talk, we will present data Clay, a new-generation object storage and its integration with the COMPSs programming model. This new way to handle data (and code), and its perfect fit with a parallel programming model will eliminate all the aforementioned problems easing the task of implementing data-centric programs while taking full advantage of the available parallelism.


EXPERIMENTAL – MEASUREMENT Aerosol from e-cigarettes was measured by electrical mobility (Cambustion DMS-500, UK) and light scattering (Malvern Spraytec, UK) (Figure 2). Smoking profiles were sineor square wave, of 50, 55 and 80 mL volume, of 3s duration at 30s intervals. No secondary dilution was used. Cigarette smoking measurements were conducted by electrical mobility with a sinewave profile of 35 or 55 mL puffs of 2s duration with 30:1 secondary dilution.


We define the Stirling numbers for complex values and obtain extensions of certain identities involving these numbers. We also show that the generalization is a natural one for proving unimodality and monotonicity results for these numbers. The definition is based on the Cauchy integral formula and can be used for many other combinatorial numbers.


LED has characters of small size, long life and low power consumption, and it is environmental friendly. These advantages make LED have a huge market in the lighting industry. LED with the light distribution design can meet the requirements of the application under different circumstances. With the acknowledgement of the principles of light distribution design, based on optical engineering software LightTools, we study the light distribution design of LED back light module for direct-down illumination and LED shadowless lamp. After the secondary optics light distribution design of the LED light, its transmittance and uniformity has been noticeably improved. We depict different types of micro-structure on the surface of 3mm thickness PMMA diffuser, test and analysis the optical properties of the diffuser under different microstructure.


In 1857 Sydney Dobell, author of The Roman, Balder, Part One, and England in Time of War, delivered a major address before the Edinburgh Philosophical Institution. Entitled "The Nature of Poetry," this three- or four-hour address appears to have been received with no enthusiasm whatever. It appeared once again in a posthumous collection of Dobell's Thoughts on Art, Philosophy, and Religion (1876), but by this time few reviewers were interested in the warmed-over lucubrations of the once notorious leader of the Spasmodic School. This was an unfortunate, if not unprecedented, oversight. In its printed form the address is an impressive and significant document for the literary historian and theorist and it has, as well, considerable interest for anyone who concerns himself with the cultural history of the period. It documents in a remarkable way the impact of linguistic and anthropological studies on the mind of a Victorian poet and is filled with references to the latest theories in several branches of the ...


Background: Dihydroergotamine (DHE), a proven migraine treatment, currently has product labeling warning against concomitant use of CYP3A4 inhibitors because of potential drug interactions. However, no reported studies of such interactions with DHE administered by any route are available. Methods: The pharmacokinetics (PK) of MAP0004, an investigative inhaled DHE formulation, were assessed in human subjects with and without CYP3A4 inhibition by ketoconazole to evaluate the potential for drug interaction, elevation of DHE levels, and increased adverse effects. Results: After MAP0004 alone vs. MAP0004 plus ketoconazole, the DHE maximum concentrations (Cmax) and area-under-the-curve (AUC0–48 and AUC0–∞) were not statistically significantly different nor was the Cmax of the primary metabolite, 8'-OH-DHE. A difference in 8'-OH-DHE AUCs was observed between MAP0004 with and without ketoconazole; however, the concentrations were very low. MAP0004 was well tolerated after both treatments. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that CYP3A4 inhibition had little to no effect on DHE PK after MAP0004 administration, apparently because of its high systemic and low gastrointestinal bioavailability. CYP3A4 inhibition slowed elimination of the metabolite 8'-OH-DHE, but concentrations were too low to be pharmacologically relevant.