The hepatitis C virus (HCV), which is comprised of seven distinct genotypes, is estimated to infect more than 185 million people worldwide. 1 More than half of individuals exposed to HCV via percutaneous exposure to infected blood fail to clear the virus and proceed to a chronically infected state. Approximately one-third will develop progressive hepatic fibrosis leading to cirrhosis over the course of 20–30 years and eventually require liver transplantation. Chronic HCV infection is also a leading cause of hepatocellular carcinoma and is associated with a number of extrahepatic complications such as B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas and mixed cryoglobulinemia. 1 The status of HCV as a significant global health problem has driven efforts to develop direct-acting antiviral (DAA) agents capable of achieving better cure rates than the interferon/ribavirin established in the early 2000s. Just these efforts have rewarded by a handful of U.S. FDA approvals for interferon-free, all-oral combination regimens: sofosbuvir/ledipasvir (Harvoni), ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir/ dasabuvir (Viekira Pak), elbasvir/grazoprevir (Zepatier), sofosbuvir/velpatasvir (Epclusa), and most recently, sofosbuvir/velpatasvir/ voxilaprevir (Vosevi) and glecaprevir/pibrentasvir (Mavyret).


A new radio-frequency (RF) radiated immunity/susceptibility test method using four-septum TEM cell is proposed. A rotating-EM field can be generated inside the cell by feeding four-different RF DSB-SC signals to four septa arranged in the cell. Since a polarization plane of the rotating-EM field rotates in a low speed, the immunity/susceptibility test for the EM field with various polarizations can be conducted more easily. In this paper, a technique for generating the rotating-EM field in the cell is investigated. The basic characteristics of the cell and the rotating-EM field by using the technique are clarified. To verify the validity of this test method, a RF radiated susceptibility of a printed circuit board is measured. The measured results are verified by comparing with the theoretical results based on modified telegrapher's equations.


Increased productivity is one of the main objectives when optimizing industrial fermentations. An increased productivity will almost inevitably lead to higher concentrations of carbon dioxide in the fermentation vessel. It is a well-established fact that high levels of carbon dioxide can induce negative effects on many types of organisms and through many mechanisms. Yet, the influence of carbon dioxide on metabolism and productivity in industrial fermentations is not well understood and is often totally neglected. The goal of this study was to evaluate the causal effect of high partial pressure of CO2 towards fermentation processes of Trichoderma reesei producing cellulases required for 2 generation biofuel industry. The effect of carbon dioxide was investigated by enriching the inlet air with carbon dioxide Experiments were conducted in 20 L reactors, both as continuous and fed-batch. In the experiments the enzyme activity yield reduction in the carbon dioxide sparged reactor was 18 % for a chemostat with a pCO2 of 150 mbar compared to 40 mbar in the reference. In an overfed fed batch with pCO2 of 200 mbar the reduction in activity yield was 27%. In a second fed batch were overdosing was avoided and pCO2 was 120 mbar the decrease in activity yield was 25%. A double effect of carbon dioxide is indicated by the experiments. At elevated pressures of CO2 the carbon flux seem to be diverted more towards biomass, giving higher Ysx. At the same time an increase in the maintenance consumption of carbon occurs.


Free Space Optics (FSO) has become a viable, high-bandwidth wireless alternative to fiber optic cabling. The primary advantages of FSO over fiber are its rapid deployment time and significant cost savings. The disadvantage of FSO over fiber is that laser power attenuation through the atmosphere is variable and difficult to predict, since it is weather airports, the link availability as a function of distance can be predicted for any FSO system. These availability curves provide a good indication of the reasonable link distances for FSO systems in a particular geographical area. FSO link distances can vary greatly from desert areas like Las Vegas to heavy-fog cities like St. Johns NF. Another factor in determining FSO distance limitations is the link availability expectation of the application. For enterprise applications, link availability requirements are generally greater than 99%. This allows for longer FSO link ranges, based on the availability curves. The enterprise market is where the majority of FSO systems have been deployed. The carriers and ISPs are another potential large user of FSO systems, especially for last-mile metro access applications. If FSO systems are to be used in telecommunication applications, they will need to meet much higher availability requirements. Carrier-class availability is generally considered to be 99.999% (5 nines). An analysis of link budgets and visibility-limiting weather conditions indicates that to meet carrier-class availability, FSO links should normally be less than 140m (there are cities like Phoenix and Las Vegas where this 99.999% distance limitation increases significantly). This calculation is based on a 53 dB link budget. This concept is extended to the best possible FSO system, which would have a 10 W transmitter and a photocounting detector with a sensitivity of 1 nW. This FSO system would have a 100 dB link margin, which would only increase the 99.999% link distance to 286 m. A more practical solution to extending the high availability range would be to back up the FSO link with a lower data rate radio frequency (RF) link. This hybrid FSO/RF system would extend the 99.999% link range to longer distances and open up a much larger metro/access market to the carriers. It is important to realize that as the link range increases, there will be a slight decrease in overall bandwidth. To show the geographical dependence of FSO performance, the first map of FSO availabilities contoured over North America is presented. This map is the first step to developing an attenuation map for predicting FSO performance, which could be used in similar fashion to the International Telecommunication Union (ITU)/Crane maps for predicting microwave performance.


The Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS) is developing a BPM and orbit feedback system for Sirius, the new low emmitance synchrotron light source under construction in Brazil. In that context, 3 open-source boards and accompanying low-level firmware/software were developed in cooperation with the Warsaw University of Technology (WUT) to serve as hardware platform for the BPM data acquisition and digital signal processing platform as well as orbit feedback data distributor: (i) FPGA board with 2 high-pin count ANSI/VITA FMC slots in PICMG® AMC form factor; (ii) 4-channel 16-bit 130 MS/s ADC board in FMC form factor; (iii) 4-channel 16-bit 250 MS/s ADC board in FMC form factor. The design of such boards and experience of integrating their prototypes in a COTS MicroTCA.4 crate is reported.


Background—The serotonin transporter (5-HTT) is involved in the pulmonary artery smooth muscle hyperplasia that leads to pulmonary hypertension (PH). Because hypoxia and 5-HTT gene polymorphism control 5-HTT expression, we examined 5-HTT gene polymorphism and PH in hypoxemic patients with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods and Results—In 103 patients with COPD recruited in France (n=67) and the UK (n=36), we determined 5-HTT gene polymorphism and pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) measured during right heart catheterization (France) or Doppler echocardiography (UK). Ninety-eight subjects from the 2 countries served as control subjects. The distribution of 5-HTT gene polymorphism did not differ between patients and control subjects. In patients carrying the LL genotype, which is associated with higher levels of 5-HTT expression in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells than the LS and SS genotypes, PH was more severe than in LS or SS patients. Mean PAP values in patients from France with the LL, LS, and SS genotypes were 34±3, 23±1, and 22±2 mm Hg (mean±SEM), respectively (P <0.01). Corresponding systolic PAP values in the UK were 40±3, 28±3, and 24±3 mm Hg, respectively (P <0.01). Compared with control subjects, platelet 5-HTT protein was increased in COPD patients in proportion to the hypoxemia level, and strong 5-HTT immunostaining was observed in remodeled pulmonary arteries from COPD patients. Conclusions—5-HTT gene polymorphism appears to determine the severity of PH in hypoxemic patients with COPD. Because PH is an important prognostic factor in this disease, recognition of patients at risk for PH should be helpful in managing COPD.


Mortality of SPF male rats due to hypoxic challenge is less in old than in young rats. This apparent antinomy may be related to a decrease in oxygen consumption because of the relation of volume-surface and, in very old rats (590-700 days old), to a selection process wherby only the hypoxiaresistant rats reach old age.


For the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease, the development of pH responsive modified release dosage forms is one of the most common approaches to achieve targeted drug delivery. In this study, the dissolution behaviour of eight different modified release (MR) products containing 800 mg mesalazine was investigated.


Flow-duration, annual low-flow, and annual high-flow tables through September 30, 1963, are given in this report for 110 stream-gaging stations in the Willamette and Sandy River basins. These tables summarize the basic data needed to define the streamflow characteristics at the gaging stations. The content of each of the three summary tables is described, and techniques for preparing flow-duration curves, low-flow frequency curves, and high-flow frequency curves are explained.


As laminated steel can give very good structure–borne sound damping properties, even with a very thin damping layer, which means a very small weight increase, the material should be ideal for lightweight applications. To study the effect of using laminated steel in car body panels laboratory tests and some vehicle tests have been made with car bulkheads. The laboratory tests have included evaluation of both the structure–borne sound damping properties and the airborne sound insulation properties. The laminated steel used was an Antiphon material designated MPM, where MPM stands for metal–plastic–metal.


loss of SNR with the use of the optical tracking system inside the MR environment. The maximum artifact size of the target handle (see Fig. 3) was 111 mm and only showed minimal difference compared to the real size of 87 mm. The ASTM test to assess magnetic attraction revealed an object deviation of less than 1! at 2.4 T/m at 35 g and is therefore below the maximum permitted deviation for MR-compatibility. Conclusion We hereby conclude using optical tracking for the dynamic control of the image plane of MR guided interventions is safe and feasible. The limitations of using optical tracking in the spatially limited MR-environment (see Fig. 1) are due to the necessity of line of sight [1]. Increasing the distance of the cameras and the tracking handle results in a decrease of the tracking accuracy. Since the slice thickness in MRI is typically 5-10 mm, the decreased accuracy is still sufficient for navigation in MR-guided interventions. References


This letter describes the fabrication and characterization of a fluidic patch antenna operating at the S-band frequency (4 GHz). The antenna prototype is composed of a nanocomposite material made by a liquid metal alloy (eutectic gallium indium) blended with single-wall carbon-nanotube (SWNTs). The nanocomposite is then enclosed in a polymeric substrate by employing the UV-assisted direct-writing technology. The fluidic antennas specimens feature excellent performances, in perfect agreement with simulations, showing an increase in the electrical conductivity and reflection coefficient with respect to the SWNTs concentration. The effect of the SWNTs on the long-term stability of antenna's mechanical properties is also demonstrated.


Memories about the location of environmental cues are crucial for survival and are supported by a distributed network including the hippocampus and the retrosplenial cortex (RSC). The relationships between neuronal activity of these brain areas and object location memory are not fully understood. In this study, we monitored local field potential oscillations simultaneously from the hippocampus and the RSC in freely moving mice during the object-location task, a test to assess memories about the locations of environmental cues. In this task, mice were exposed to two identical objects in an open field and were allowed to explore objects and learn the location of each object. We discovered that immediately before explorations to the objects during memory encoding sessions, beta oscillations (23-30 Hz) transiently increased in the hippocampus and the RSC. Moreover, spectral coherence in the hippocampus-RSC circuit in the beta band was also enhanced before the explorations. Furthermore, mice with better memory showed greater enhancement of the beta power during memory encoding sessions. Our data suggest that enhanced beta oscillations facilitate memory acquisition about the location of landmarks.


Objective By studying the transvaginal three-dimensional color power angiography(TV3D-CPA) in the blood of the index(VI),flow index(FI)of two vascular parameters of ovarian tumors and CA125 before surgery do the quantitative diagnosis.Methods To examined 98 patients with a preoperative diagnosis of ovarian tumors by the transvaginal three-dimensional color power Doppler and measured the corresponding blood parameters,meanwhile,calculated the exponent of resistance radionmunoassaied the level of serum CA125 and chosen a terminal point,then compared the blood parameters with surgical and pathological findings.Results The sensitivity specificity and the positive prediction-rate and negative prediction-rate of the two methods combined in diagnosis of ovarian neoplasm before surgery was 97.92%、96%、97.96%、97.96%.Conclusion TV3D-CPA quantitative measurement of blood parameters combined CA125 of ovarian tumors improved the accuracy of preoperative operation of ovarian neoplasm and might be the most cost-effective method than methods of usedrespectively in differentiating early ovarian cancer from benign tumor.It has a gynecological surgery guide program development.


.......................................................................................................................................... ii Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................................ iv List of Tables ............................................................................................................................... viii List of Figures ................................................................................................................................. x Chapter 1: Introduction ................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Objectives .............................................................................................................................. 1 Chapter 2: Literature Review .......................................................................................................... 3 2.1 Moisture Damage .................................................................................................................. 3 2.2 Adhesion ................................................................................................................................ 4 2.3 Stripping Mechanisms ........................................................................................................... 6 2.4 Factors Contributing to Stripping .......................................................................................... 8 2.5 Reducing Stripping Potential............................................................................................... 12 2.6 Recognizing Moisture Damage in the Field ........................................................................ 14 2.7 Moisture Susceptibility Testing........................................................................................... 15 2.8 Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) Moisture Susceptibility Concerns.......................................... 21 Chapter 3: Materials...................................................................................................................... 27 Chapter 4: AASHTO T 283 and Tensile Strength Ratio .............................................................. 35 4.1 Methodology of Testing ...................................................................................................... 35 4.2 TSR Results ......................................................................................................................... 39


E-government has become part and parcel of every government's agenda. Many governments have embraced its significant impacts and influences on governmental operations. As the technology mantra has become more ubiquitous, so government have decided to inaugurate e-government policy in its agencies and departments in order to enhance the quality of services, better transparency and greater accountability. As for Malaysia, the government is inspired by the wave of the e-government, as its establishment can improve the quality of public service delivery, and also its internal operations. This qualitative study will explore the status implementation of e-government initiatives as a case study, and will also provide a comparative evaluation of these findings, using the South Korean government as a benchmark study, given its outstanding performance in e-government. The findings of this study will highlight potential areas for improvement in relation to the public administration perspective and from this comparative approach too, Malaysia can learn some lessons from South Korea's practices to ensure the success of e-government projects.


Heterosis breeding has been commercially exploited in sunflower and is expected to enhance productivity further. This is the only crop which has more than 80% sunflower growing area under the hybrids.The first hybrid (BSH-1) of sunflower from public sector was released for commercial cultivation in 1980. Since then the hybrid breeding program has been quite successful and 29 productive hybrids were developed by both public (18) and private sectors (11). Inspite of these successes, problems in the form of stagnating and unstable yields, genetic vulnerability and susceptibility to various diseases are threatening sunflower productivity in India. One of the major challenges would be to develop newer hybrids for diverse situation and superior to those presently grown in terms of seed and oil yield in order to sustain the competitive ability of sunflower vis-avis other crops. There is a need for new CMS lines with diverse cytoplasm having several desirable attributes like dwarfness and early maturity. The diverse CMS lines are expected to contribute towards the development of superior hybrids producing high seed yield and oil content with better heterosis and stability. The CMS base exploited in the sunflower breeding programmes is narrow and there is an urgent need for widening the CMS and restorer (R) line base for enhancing the productivity and production of sunflower.


We introduce a new class of entire functions $\mathcal{E}$ which consists of all $F_0\in\mathcal{O}(\mathbb{C})$ for which there exists a sequence $(F_n)\in \mathcal{O}(\mathbb{C})$ and a sequence $(\lambda_n)\in\mathbb{C}$ satisfying $F_n(z)=\lambda_{n+1}e^{F_{n+1}(z)}$ for all $n\geq 0$. This new class is closed under the composition and its is dense in the space of all non-vanishing entire functions. We prove that every closed set $V\subset \mathbb{C}$ containing the origin and at least one more point is the set of singular values of some locally univalent function in $\mathcal{E}$, hence this new class has non-trivial intersection with both the Speiser class and the Eremenko-Lyubich class of entire functions. As a consequence we provide a new proof of an old result by Heins which states that every closed set $V\subset\mathbb{C}$ is the set of singular values of some locally univalent entire function. The novelty of our construction is that these functions are obtained as a uniform limit of a sequence of entire functions, the process under which the set of singular values is not stable. Finally we show that the class $\mathcal{E}$ contains functions with an empty Fatou set and also functions whose Fatou set is non-empty.


Many systems are required to perform maintenance actions at the breaks between successive missions. However, it is often impossible to perform all the desirable maintenance actions due to the limited time of the breaks. In such a case, many selective maintenance models were proposed for this problem. In this paper, we propose a selective maintenance model considering the different mission duration time for different subsystems. We formulate the selective maintenance model as a non-linear 0-1 programming problem. The maximum reliability of the next mission is formulated as objective. The effectiveness of the proposed model is demonstrated via a numerical example.


B plasma is the yellow liquid component of blood, in which the blood cells in whole blood are normally suspended. The color of the plasma varies considerably from one sample to another from barely yellow to dark yellow and sometimes with a brown, orange or green tinge [Figure 1a] also. In addition to the varying shades of yellow color [Figure 1b], some plasma samples are clear and some are milky or turbid. Occasionally, plasma from hemolyzed samples appears reddish. The visual inspection of the plasma product is crucial to decide whether the unit has to be issued for transfusion or not.


Abstract : During the third year of the award period, the Computer Science Department of the University of Rochester concentrated on (1) operating systems, debugging support, and performance monitoring for parallel computation, (2) systems utilities for large-scale MIMD (multiple instruction stream, multiple data stream) computation, and (3) applications in active vision. This research produced internal reports, as well as some exportable code several demonstration systems. Implementation of Psyche, a new operating system for large shared- memory non-uniform memory access time computers has begun. The BBN Butterfly Parallel Processor was not applied to low-level vision; instead a parallel- pipelined special-purpose device, the Datacube MaxVideo system, was integrated into the laboratory environment. The vision laboratory was also enhanced by a robot arm that positions and moves the three degree-of-freedom, two-camera robot head. Work was begun on an integrated, heterogeneously parallel system using the Butterfly, the MaxVideo, and other local computers to do complex visuo-motor tasks. Keywords: Parallel processors, Computer vision, Butterfly computer.


The nonlinear dielectric under transient voltage excitation can be equated to a three-branch parallel equivalent circuit with nonlinear resistors and nonlinear capacitors connected in series and parallel, It is a difficult problem to solve the parameters of the nonlinear device of the equivalent circuit, In this paper, we propose to solve this problem using particle swarm optimization improved by genetic algorithm. (The improved algorithm is referred to as ''PSOGA''). Firstly, a nonlinear dielectric three-branch parallel equivalent circuit is constructed, Deriving the nonlinear equation of the branch response current versus the transient excitation voltage, After that, the Simulink module in MATLAB is used to construct a simulation circuit for the transient dielectric properties of nonlinear dielectrics, Applying a decaying oscillation voltage with gradually increasing frequency and decreasing amplitude and obtaining the total response current, Finally, a particle swarm algorithm modified by genetic algorithm is written using MATLAB to solve for the equivalent parameters. The simulation results show that the particle swarm optimization improved by genetic algorithm can solve the equivalent circuit parameters of nonlinear dielectric transient dielectric properties.


The task of this essay is to inquire the direction of the classroom literary Assessment. It is important to develop the classroom literary Assessment for the realization the idea of the literary education. The standardized evaluation has it's limit to evaluate the total literary ability which complex and dynamic factor, being connected the cognition and affection. The literary ability has multi dimension ; the cognitional, the emotional layer and the social layer. The Authentic Literary Assessment is developed and performanced in the class by teacher to understanding the characteristic of the learner's performance and growing ability. This essay suggest the four themes for the contents of Literary Assessment. First, the teacher should evaluate the characteristic of the learner's knowledge, performance and attitude in his class. For this, he/she evaluate the learner's literary ability, unifying the cognition, the emotion and the social context. Second, the teacher should evaluate the process of meaning construction in the class. Third, he should evaluate the developmental process. The method of classroom assessment is to observe, record, interview. As the alternative assessment, authentic literary assessment should be activated in the class.


Because of its open water and open space, urban waterfront area becomes preferred place for local residents' and foreign tourists' leisure activities. At the same time, its excellent geographic location and natural land resources make it the primary object of attention on urban growth and renewal, resulting in different orientations of development of urban waterfront area. Based on a time-space dimension, this article reviews a number of foreign and domestic related literatures, summarizes five orientations of development models in domestic urban waterfront area, that is, the orientation of traffic channel, settlements quality, edge cities, heritage enclave and compound development. And also, this article focuses on analyzing the functions and spatial characteristics of the above five orientations. In addition, it proposes an urban waterfront development "horoscope" model and draws a comparative summary on the orientations of development from the aspects of spatial characteristics, leading function and the typical form of development. Finally, it proposes some pertinent observations and recommendations on urban waterfront development.


We use reactive transport modeling to consider how diffusion and hydrodynamic dispersion, cross‐formational flow, and subsurface production affect the steady state distribution in flow regimes of the radioactive isotope 36Cl, and the relationship of the isotope distribution to groundwater residence time, or "age." The isotope forms naturally in the atmosphere, dissolves in rainwater, and then decays in the subsurface with a half‐life of ∼301,000 years; hence it is important for age dating very old groundwater. In a simple flow regime composed of an aquifer confined above and below by aquitards, isotopic age may correspond rather well with a groundwater's "piston flow" age. This correspondence is favored where the aquifer is thick, cross‐formational flow is insignificant, salinity is low, and the diffusion coefficient within the aquitards is small. The maximum dateable age, however, is somewhat smaller than expected from the isotope's half‐life. Owing to the effect of "dead" chloride, dating based on isotope abundance (the 36Cl/Cl ratio) may be less accurate than that based on 36Cl concentration. Cross‐formational flow can strongly affect the 36Cl distribution and abundance, preventing the rates and even direction of flow within an aquifer from being interpreted using the piston flow model. Where salinity is moderate or high, the isotope distribution is controlled by subsurface production, and dating on the basis of the decay of atmospheric 36Cl is not possible. In models of simple flow regimes the 36Cl method fails to predict groundwater age accurately where groundwater chlorinity exceeds ∼75–150 mg kg−1. Reactive transport models hold considerable promise for improving interpretation of the rates and patterns of groundwater flow from radioisotope distributions.


e23158Background: Glycolysis is one of the mechanisms which enables cancer cells to adapt to intermittent oxygen deprivation and obtain the best available metabolic strategy in the lack of resource...


Aimed at the characteristics of long-span tied arch bridge such as the construction process is complex, and quality standard and durability requirements are high,combined with the long-span tied arch bridge construction of Lanxin Railway,the construction control methods of several key steps such as tied beam cast-inplace, rib processing and installation,concrete filled steel tube jacking construction,and hanger construction were introduced.It is shown that if an elaborate construction scheme is made before construction,and the construction is organized carefully,the quality and safety of the bridge would be ensured.


This short book describes the results of cerebral blood flow measurements on rabbits, cats, and dogs. An attempt was made to unravel the relation of blood flow to functional activity of neurons judged from electroencephalographic recordings. The three animal species were chosen because of differences in their cerebral vascular anastomoses, and the methods used to study blood flow were adapted to these anatomical differences. The author is well aware that his results may not be relevant to blood flow in man. The techniques used in this study are acceptable to physiologists, and cautious conclusions are drawn. The results suggest that autoregulation of the cerebral blood vessels contrary to other vascular beds is extremely labile. Further evidence is given to support the concept that the magnitude of the total cerebral blood flow is only a partial indication of local flow in specific areas of the brain and, conversely, that observation of


. Combined with an engineering project, this paper uses large-scale finite element software ANSYS to make the structure analysis of indirect air-cooled tower, considering the effect of foundation soil. The distribution characteristics of air-cooled tower's displacement, stress and internal force is focused on respectively under the gravity, temperature load and wind load. The local stability of cylinder wall is calculated combined with the design codes; and the tower's overall stability is analyzed by using the eigenvalue bucking analysis method. The analytical results can provide some reference for the tower's structure.


OBJECTIVE
To set up a venous congested flap model to study the mechanism of necrosis through long-term microcirculation observation.

METHODS
A specially deviced chamber was assembled to one side of the ears in an adult white rabbit, about 7 approximately 10 days after the operation the congested flap model was made and the microcirculatory status of the flap was dynamically observed under a vivo-microscope for a long time.

RESULTS
The venous crisis phenomenon of flap was well studied and the microcirculation of the flap was observed carefully, finally the variational rule of the congestion flap microcirculation was made clear.

CONCLUSIONS
The model could well simulate the venous crisis flap in clinic, and the microcirculation could also be observed for a long time.


OBJECTIVE
Nowadays, there is the high prevalence of sexual intercourse including oral sex, which implies some peculiarities in the infections, balanitis and ceIlulitis they may produce.

METHODS
We report two new cases of penile cellulitis treated in the urology department in our hospital.

DISCUSSION
We review the indications of prophylaxis, and the medical and surgical treatment both referred in the literature and carried out in our patients.

CONCLUSIONS
When dealing with balanitis and penile cellulitis, the history should include explicit references to the practice of oral sex. Early medical or surgical treatment has a favourable influence on the evolution of the lesions.


With the prevalence of Internet and colorful application of campus network resources, multimedia network language lab came into being. There exist essential differences between it and the traditional one in functional design, structural design as well as application effects. It involves not only education techniques and media but also teaching patterns, mode, method, even education, teaching thoughts and theories, which bring along the revolution of language pedagogy and the challenges to new- type teacher- student relationship, qualities of language teachers and students.


We consider the problem of testing for two Gibbs probabilities µ 0 and µ 1 defined for a dynamical system (Ω , T ). Due to the fact that in general full orbits are not observable or computable, one needs to restrict to subclasses of tests defined by a finite time series h ( x 0 ) , h ( x 1 ) = h ( T ( x 0 )) , ..., h ( x n ) = h ( T n ( x 0 )), x 0 ∈ Ω, n ≥ 0, where h : Ω → R denotes a suitable measurable function. We determine in each class the Neyman-Pearson tests, the minimax tests, and the Bayes solutions, and show the asymptotic decay of their risk functions, as n → ∞ . In the case of Ω being a symbolic space, for each n ∈ N , these optimal tests rely on the information of the measures for cylinder sets of size n .


Conductometric studies of the solutions of substituted aryl amidinothiocarbamides in 1,4 Dioxane+Water solvent mixtures have been investigated at varying composition at different temperature. Conductivity data were analyzed by Debye-Huckel equations and use to evaluate molar conductance, specific conductance, association constant, dissociation constant for different compositions. The results are obtained during the study are good and clearly shows molecular interaction, ion-solvent interaction, effect of different percentage composition and temperature.


A human visual system model, foveation, is used to provide user-oriented video scalability, which benefits those applications concerning user's regions of interest. Based on processing FGS-coded (fine granularity scalable coded) videos, we show that the proposed method has tolerable complexity and is standard compliant.


Self-esteem issues are a common clinical demand in mental health outpatient's clinics. The current overloading demand of attention in the public health system, as well as the clinical features of self-esteem problems led us to consider its management in group therapy. Methods: In this paper the development of a self esteem-centred group therapy, which was conducted in a public mental health outpatients' clinic, is described. The group was constituted by seven female patients, which were being treated in the mental health clinic due to different psychopathological conditions. To assess the results, the Coopersmith self-esteem inventory was used; as well as a questionnaire developed to gather the participants' subjective impressions. Data from the direct observation and clinical evaluation of the mental health professionals involved was also considered. Results: Statistically significant improvement on self-esteem levels was showed. Moreover,   patients' subjective impressions and professionals' clinical observations were very positive.


Abstract Global industry has been undergoing changes in the concentration of brand ownership and production, with acquisitions and closures being a major factor in this evolution. The impacts of such activities are commonly studied from an economic perspective and from the perspective of internal firm-level and deal-level factors, while the influence of external geographical factors is largely neglected. Our research focuses mainly on the importance of geographical cultural factors affecting beer brands whose production location was moved after the closure of the original breweries. The research includes a complete sample of 30 brands from recently closed breweries across Europe. Brands are divided into seven categories according to how their marketing strategy has (or has not) changed in terms of exploiting regional and national identity. The overall success of these brands is then measured in terms of the development of their share in the home countries' markets. Differences in brands' strategies and successes are explained through a wide range of country-level factors and the individual characteristics of the breweries. It is shown that the level of beer tradition or identity in the countries, as well as the country's beer life-cycle position, plays a crucial role in the evolution of the studied brands.


It was shown, that modulation of macrophage activity by sodium phthalhydrazide (APH) increases concentration of anti-inflammatory cytokine TGF-$\boldsymbol{\beta}$ in the pancreas and decreases content of the proinflammatory cytokine complex in the pancreas and blood plasma of rats with experimental diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2). It is possible, that shifts in macrophage production underlie the activation of regenerative processes (increasing of proliferation and decreasing in intensity of apoptosis of pancreatic $\boldsymbol{\beta}$-cells) at administration of APH.


This study evaluates a one-year, pre-OVT intervention for at-risk middle school students in the Pittsburgh Public School District. Former (n = 502) and active participants (1988-1989 school year, n = 148, age 11-16 years) and control groups of at-risk peers (n = 157) comprised the study sample. The Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept scale (Piers and Harris, 1969) and the Multi-Dimensional Measure of Children's Perception of control (Connell, 1985) were administered to active participants during may, 1989. classroom grades, attendance rates, enrollment status, and spring, 1989, california Achievement Test scores were compiled. Participants' and nonparticipants' dropout rates were comparable (62% and 67.4% respectively, p = .5124) as were self-concept scores (p = .5658) and achievement test scores ia reading and mathematics (p = .4757 and .8682). Participants' grades in reading and mathematics neither improved nor declined during project enrollment (p = .7032 and .7979) but declined during the succeeding year (p = .0002 and .0001). Participants' absenteeism followed the same pattern: stasis (p = .3112) and then decline (p = .0001). Project participants exhibited a lower project-participation-year retention rate than did their control group peers (3.8% and 20.9% respectively, p = .0001) and a lower ninth grade retention rate as well (32.3% and 53.1% respectively, p = .0356). Nonparticipants exhibited higher degrees of internality in cognitive and social domains (p = .0373 and .0029 respectively). Results indicate that project participants may not be well-served. Recommendations include interdisciplinary planning, use of chronological age instead of grade level as a selection criterion, and de-emphasia of vocational goals in favor of vocational education as academic intervention. Pre-Vocational Immersion Pre-Vocational Immersion as Academic Risk Intervention In A Mainstream Setting: A Preliminary Evaluation of Project OASES Based cn the assumption that students who are unsuccessful in traditional academic programs will find vocational experiences relevant and motivating, those al. risk for school failure and dropping out are frequently placed in alternative programs that emphasize such activities and often de-emphasize academic goals. A casual review of ERIC citations of the past five years yielded references to over two-hundred public and private risk intervent3ons that include vocational or prevocational components. one recent direction of education research has been examination of the relationship between enrollment in vocational and pre-vocational training and the holding power of schools (Barro & Kolstead, 1986; catterall, 1986; Coombs & Cooley, 1968; Grasso & Shea, 1979; Greene, 1986; Lotto, 1982; Mertin, Seitz & Cox, 1980; Mertin, 1986; Weber, 1986; woods & Haney, 1981). This literature has produced equivocal findings. The present study contributes to this body of work the evaluation of an atypically early intervention program that includes the formal measurement of behavioral characteristics (self-concept, locus of control) that are putative correlates of more commonly examined outcome measures such as absenteeism, graduate status, and academic


Protein hydrolysates were prepared from ground yellowfin tuna head, a by-product from tuna canning industry, using 1.5% Alcalase (PHA) and Protamex (PHP) at a natural pH for 4 and 24 h with a water/material ratio of 1:1 (w/v). The higher degree of hydrolysis (DH), nitrogen recovery and protein content of both hydrolysates increased when the longer hydrolysis time was used (P < 0.05). In addition, DH and protein content of PHA were higher than those of PHP (P < 0.05). The amino acids composition of both PHA and PHP could fulfill human amino acid requirements. With respect to common carp requirements, lysine, methionine and phenylalanine were the limiting amino acids in both protein hydrolysates. However, both hydrolysates had high content of flavoring and essential amino acids. Protein efficiency ratio (PER) results revealed that both hydrolysates had the similar PER. Therefore, protein hydrolysates from yellowfin tuna were found to have high nutritional value and can be used in human and animal diets.


We examine the stochastic contextual bandit problem in a novel continuous-action setting where the policy lies in a reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS). This provides a framework to handle continuous policy and action spaces in a tractable manner while retaining polynomial regret bounds, in contrast with much prior work in the continuous setting. We extend an optimization perspective that has recently been popular in the bandit literature to the nonparametric bandit setting which naturally encompasses both finite and continuous-action contextual bandit problems. Optimization frameworks naturally balance between exploration and exploitation reducing the need for parameter tuning. Building on prior work in random function approximation for kernel methods, we show a new approximation error bound with linear convergence in the case where the loss `(s, a) is smooth and strongly convex in the action a for all contexts s. Combining this result with prior work on finite-dimensional online bandit optimization, we present a fast algorithm for online nonparametric contextual bandit optimization with an O (√ log(T )/T ) average regret guarantee that holds against an oblivious adversary, the first regret bound in this setting.


This work is part of an ongoing ethnographic research started in 2016 in the province of Jujuy. Part of thinking "precarization" in municipal employment in Jujuy and the ways in which the Union of Municipal Employees and Workers (SEOM) problematizes and resists this situation in the framework of the particularities of the economic structure of the province and the experiences of organization and of connection and demand to the State. Thus, in the face of the emergence of subjects - "the precarious / as" - that stress the traditional figures of public employment and account for the multiple ways of linking to the State-municipalities, the article proposes to delineate a displacement from "the precarization "thought of as unrecognized employment until it is considered as a native category that problematizes work in the province. I will try to show how "precarization" can not be thought apart from the importance that public employment has acquired in the province as a means of subsistence, and the different ways in which it is disputed and creates work. To do this, I consider the multiple temporalities of "precarization" and the different strategies around work, which account for dissimilar experiences, forms of attachment and demands different from the State, mixed with family and militancy relations that are articulated in the space of the guild.


To the editor:

Flotho et al[1][1] identified within a cohort of 286 childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients a simple set of 14 genes (15 Affymetrix probes) with expression in diagnostic bone marrow aspirates that was shown to be an independent predictor for patient outcome. It was


The researchers of political system analysis have made a lot of achievements in The new development of system science has caused a challenge for the political system analysis but provided a lot of new theories,new methods and new ways of thinking


Evelyn Lau discusses the recurring themes of relationships, travel, and place in her poetry. Finding a way to voice the emotional and to critically engage with the confessional mode in poetry is important, and balancing an awareness of form with a concern to avoid rigidity allows the poetry, from one collection to the next, to become increasingly accomplished. For a number of Evelyn Lau's women characters the source of strength comes from seeing, from being observant. Though it is very difficult to lift writing out of two people in a room together, this drama seems one of the most natural vehicles for poetry.


The morphologic abnormality of cattle and goat livers (collected from slaughterhouses in Mymensinghcity of Bangladesh) were investigated in the present study. The livers of slaughtered cattle (n = 14) and goat (n = 20) were examined by gross visualization, palpation and incision as well as histopathology. The total liver lesion in cattle was 71.4% and in goat was 75%. Grossly, various pathological changes, mainly thickened, rough capsule which was whitish in color, necrotic foci, thickened bile ducts with matured flukes, fibrosis were seen. Histopathologically, necrosis, degenerative changes of hepatocytes, dilated sinusoids, inflammatory infiltrates, granuloma, bile duct hyperplasia, periportal and periductal fibrosis were found in cattle and goat livers. Extensive fibrosis was seen portal areas of liver by Goldner's trichrome staining. Migratory tracts and immature flukes were seen in intrahepatic bile ducts. Most common cause of liver lesions found in the present study was Fascioliasis in both cattle and goat. It could be concluded that the major gross and microscopic alterationsin the livers of cattle and goat due to Fasciola giganticainfectionreflected tissue damage, which can lead to substantial financial losses in animals and great health problems in human. Therefore, special care and attention are required to ensure that seriously damaged livers of food animals are not passed on for human consumption, and extensive monitoring and epidemiological surveys are necessary to cope this adverse situation


The mathematical theory of the reduction of operator rings is used to investigate some structures which can occur in quantum field theory when the postulate that the field operators generate an irreducible ring is relaxed. In particular, it is shown that if a quantum field theory has a commutator which commutes with all field operators it is a direct integral of theories in each of which the commutator is a scalar. If in addition it satisfies the postulates of Lorentz covariance, existence of an invariant vacuum, and mass and energy spectra, then it is a direct integral of generalized free field theories whenever the unitary representation of the Lorentz group can be constructed in terms of functions of the field operators and every state can be constructed by applying field operators on the vacuum. It is also shown that the latter two assumptions together with the requirement of a unique invariant vacuum state are sufficient to prove that the ring generated by the field operators is irreducible. In other words, under these conditions the irreducibility postulate is redundant.


A major challenge in future mobile networks is to overcome the capacity barrier in wireless communication. Utilizing large bandwidth at higher frequencies is key to enabling capacity upgrade for next generation mobile networks (5G). As expected, multi-gigabit wireless communication is needed to support future 5G networks, particularly in the transport capacity of wireless backhaul and fronthaul. To be futureproof, wireless technologies towards 100 Gbps are of great interest. Millimeter-wave (mm-wave) frequency bands (30 to 300 GHz) have sufficient bandwidth to support these high data rates. However, due to hardware limitations, it is challenging to implement multi-GHz modulation bandwidth in actual hardware. For example, limited by the sampling rate of analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converters, conventional digital modulator and demodulator (modem) designs cannot be applied to the very wide bandwidth required. As proof-of-concept, this thesis presents modems with multi-GHz bandwidth capability [A, B, C, D, E], as required for further capacity enhancement when combined with high-order modulations. The solutions in [C, D, E] do not require any data converters, therefore state-of-the-art energy efficiency is achieved [D, E]. The digital receiver in [B], on the other hand, relaxes requirements on the sampling speed thus being cost and power efficient. Enabled by the proposed modems, multi-gigabit transmission is demonstrated over mm-wave bands [B, C, E] and a short-range optical link [D]. Another aspect that limits the practical use of mm-wave is the degradation of the communication signal quality due to high-frequency hardware impairments. In particular, oscillator phase noise increases with the carrier frequency. An analog phase noise mitigation technique is proposed for arbitrary mm-wave signal waveforms [F]. As a new system application, an analog fronthaul radio link is enabled by implementing phase noise mitigation, where LTE transmission is demonstrated at 70/80 GHz as a step towards future 5G systems [G]. To reach 100 Gbps and beyond, despite the wide bandwidth available at mm-wave bands, the simultaneous use of high-order modulations is also required. However, it is primarily the oscillator noise floor that prevents this combination from being successfully achieved, as confirmed in measurements [H]. A new understanding of performance limitation in wideband communication is provided in a detailed study [I], with guidelines on how to improve hardware designs.


The correlation between urinary excretion of estrogens and the viability of a pregnancy apparently was first described by Spielman and his associates in 1933. Presumably owing to the difficulty of urinary estrogen analysis, this work was ignored for the most part until 1957. Since that time several articles have appeared' ' which have confinned this relation and have shown its clinical usefulness. The determination of low levels of estrogens and metabolites of progesterone and clear separations of the individual compounds can be achieved by the use of gas chromatography.'' These results are presented, in part, as an encouragement to others who are reluctant to transfer the use of gas chromatography from the realm of research to the clinical laboratory. Some preliminary work in our laboratory indicates that in certain instances the determination of pregnanolone, in addition to the determination of estriol, is necessary for complete evaluation of placental function and fetal status after 20 weeks of gestation. The purpose of this article is to report a clinically useful gas chromatographic method for the combined determination of estrogen and progesterone metabolites and the results of 50 consecutive cases.


A 3-D sandwich composite comprising of E-glass core piles which are woven to the facesheets is considered in this work. This arrangement creates interstitial spaces in the core which can be used for foam infusion for sound/vibration damping, fluid storage, or for routing wires or inserts, in addition to providing strength. The vibroacoustic response of such multi-functional materials has received little attention and is an important issue when the structure witnesses mechanical vibrations. This article presents the vibration related studies carried out on the 3-D sandwich composite, infused with SC-15 resin. The frequency response function (FRF) and the damping ratios are the parameters of interest for this study. In this study the experimental data is presented for the unfoamed (as received) core configuration and the core filled with the polyurethane (PUR) foam. The average damping ratio of the unfoamed sandwich panel was found to be 0.55%. An increase of 150% in the damping ratio was observed for the PUR foam filled panels for a 77% increase in weight when compared to an unfoamed sandwich panel. Use of vibration as a non-destructive damage detection technique is demonstrated for beam specimens damaged by flexural loading. A reduction of 35% in the resonant frequency and 193% increase in the damping ratio was observed for approximately 6% core damage of the sandwich composite.


Spherical to pyriform microfossils containing multiple smooth-walled spherules from the Lower Devonian Rhynie chert are described as oogonia of a new fossil peronosporomycete based on congruencies in basic morphology to the polyoosporous oogonia of certain extant Saprolegniales. Because the new fossils also resemble Frankbaronia polyspora, a putative peronosporomycete described previously from the Rhynie chert, they are assigned to the fossil genus Frankbaronia and formally proposed as a new species, F. velata. Surrounding the oogonium is a conspicuous sheath of consolidated mucilage, produced and secreted by the oogonium during development. The discovery of F. velata adds to our understanding of the microbial diversity in early terrestrial ecosystems, and contributes to the documentation of the evolutionary history of the Peronosporomycetes.


ABSTRACT Tayeb Salih's world-literary classic Mawsim al-hijra ilā al-shimāl (1966) has served World Literature as the preeminent text of postcolonialism, touching on issues of identity, nationality, culture, hybridity, literature, language, gender, sexuality, historiography, and migration. It has been less understood as a product of translation. This paper looks at Denys Johnson-Davies' English translation Season of Migration to The North (1969) and the dialogue it produces with Salih's Arabic text. The paper argues that Arabic cannot be read as the novel's "original" language and English as secondary. Rather, both English and Arabic are the co-originary languages of the novel, and this play within and across languages embeds Salih's dramatization of the restless migration between variegated dichotomies that the work explores.


This study intends to evaluate the spiral elements in the content of 6th, 7th, and 8th grades" English Language Curriculum. It is a qualitative study, wherein interviews and document analysis were used to collect data, and content analysis was used to analyze it. The sample of the study consists of 14 teachers working in urban and rural secondary schools in Balıkesir in the 2013-2014 academic year. The main finding of the study is that the English Language Curriculum of 6th, 7th, and 8th grades is spiral to some, yet insufficient, extent.


We present an analytical investigation of revival phenomena in the finite square-well potential. The classical motion, revival, and super-revival time scales are derived exactly for wave packets excited in the finite well. These time scales exhibit a richer dependence on wave-packet energy and on potential-well depth than has been found in other quantum systems: They explain, for example, the difficulties in exciting wave packets with strong classical features at the bottom of a finite well, or with clearly resolved super-revivals in a shallow well. In the proper regions of validity, the time scales predict the instances of wave-packet reformation extremely accurately. Revivals at the bottom of the well are explored as a ''universal'' limit of the general theory, which offers the clearest connection with the series of fractional and full revivals seen in the dynamics of the infinite square-well potential.


Many highly pathogenic viruses encodes polyproteins and a protease that processes such polyprotein into functional protein subunits, which is necessary for the replication or the assembly of said viruses. Caspases are cellular enzymes that induce apoptosis of the cell upon activation by proteolytic cleavage of a linker sequence between the mature protein subunits of the enzyme. As viruses require a living cell to replicate and assemble, the specific induction of apoptosis of infected cells has been demonstrated in the past to be a highly effective antiviral strategy both In Vitro and In Vivo [1]. In this proposal, we performs a literature review on the viral families that encodes polyproteins and proteases, past experimental evidence of Apoptosis-induction based antiviral strategies involving both natural and designed mechanisms, and propose an universal strategy of long-lasting, mutation- and escape- resistant antiviral protection both as a prophylactic and as a therapeutic.


An article requires a response when, in its initial paragraph, it quotes uncritically a British military theorist who was a member of the British Union of Fascists and attended Nazi military demonstrations in 1939 and who actively supported, and was approved of, by Hitler. The authors (Geller and Shadach, 2020) say that Da'esh exemplifies terrorist organizations in general and as such warrants investigation, and thereby hope to explain the origins of all such organizations. They ignore the group-analytic concept of context, that all groups exist within particular circumstances. Da'esh rose from the chaos of post-invasion Iraq, civil war in Syria among several groups, with outside forces from the USA and Russia, Kurdish forces from the East doing much of the ground fighting to reclaim territory, and Turkey perhaps looking for gain from a fractured situation. Martial Islamic opportunists took up arms and swept across desert and mountains and through towns and established what it called a caliphate to resurrect, in mind and in actuality, the Caliphate that flourished from the 7th-Century CE. This did not happen without large financial assistance, but from whom? We do not know, but it came from very rich donors; military equipment does not appear by the work of a genii. They needed considerable military skill and organization to beat other regular forces in the field. Its aims may have been to bring back to life an idealized version of the past. This is not the first time in this region and across the world that a state could have been founded by a 'terrorist' organization. 887490 GAQ0010.1177/0533316419887490Group AnalysisPower: Response to Geller and Shadach research-article2019


Objective To investigate the effect of bacterial endotoxin on cell proliferation ability of fibroblasts from diabetic foot ulcers. Methods 15 cases of foot skin tissue with diabetic foot ulcers were compared with 15 normal cases. Fibroblasts were cultured with tissue block method. The morphology and phenotype of fibroblasts were tested with HE staining and immunohistochemical staining. Attached cells in DFUs group were cultivated for 48 hours in bacterial endotoxin of different concentration (0.000 μg/mL, 0.050 μg/mL, 0.100 μg/mL, 0.200 μg/mL, 0.500 μg/mL, 1.000 μg/mL, 2.000 μg/mL). Fibroblasts proliferation ability was assayed with MTT. Results Morphology of diabetic foot ulcer fibroblasts was abnormal. MTT assay of DFUs group was significantly lower than that in the control group. In DFUs group, MTT assay increased with the elevation of LPS concentration (≤0.500 μg/mL) and decreased with the elevation of LPS concentration (≥1.000 μg/mL). Conclusions Morphology of diabetic foot ulcer fibroblasts is abnormal, and the proliferation ability of fibroblasts cell will decrease. Low concentration of LPS (≤0.500 μg/mL) will promot the proliferation ability of Fbs, and high concentration of LPS (≥1.000 μ/mL) will inhibit the proliferation ability of Fbs.


If a real harmonic function inside the closed unit disk $B(0,1) \subset \mathbb{R}^2$ has its level set $\left\{x: u(x) = u(0)\right\}$ diffeomorphic to an interval, then we show that the set $\left\{x: u(x) \geq u(0)\right\}$ must contain some rotation of a universal set $\Omega \subset B(0,1)$. We give an explicit description of the largest possible $\Omega$. As an application, we prove the sharp bound $\kappa \leq 8$ on the curvature of the level set $\left\{x: u(x) = u(0)\right\}$ in the origin improving an earlier result of de Carli \& Hudson. This bound is also sharp and we give the unique (up to symmetries) extremizer.


We have previously shown that microparts can be fed along an asymmetric microfabricated surface using simple planar symmetric vibrations. Microparts move forward because they adhere to the microfabricated surface asymmetrically. We have also described the effects of sawtoothed surfaces on the movement of submillimeter microparts; for example, 0603 (size, 0.6 × 0.6 × 0.3 mm; weight, 0.3 mg) and 0402 (size,0.4 × 0.2 × 0.2 mm; weight, 0.1 mg) capacitors. In the present work, we studied the effects of feeder materials on the feeding of single layer chip capacitors (size, 0.25 × 0.25 × 0.35 mm; weight, 0.06 mg), We found that the motion of submillimeter microparts was affected not only by inertia but also by adhesion due to electrostatic, van der Waal's, and intermolecular forces, and to surface tension. These effects are dependent on the two materials that are in contact with each other. The four materials selected for feeder surfaces were microfabricated so that periodic sawtooth structures were present on their surfaces. Asymmetry catacteristics of their surfaces were evaluated by the differences in profiles of the two inclined surfaces, and also by the friction angle of microparts in both the forward and the backward directions. We then assessed micropart feeding using these surfaces, as well as the relationship between feeding velocity and vibration frequency. By comparing the feeding velocity on each feeder surface, we assessed the effects of feeder surface materials on the feeding of microparts.


Multicomponent reactions are compelling strategies for generating a chemically diverse set of multifunctionalized heterocyclic motifs with high atom economy, rendering the transformations green. These strategies can further become more prolific if catalyst recyclability, compatibility and exploration of precise mechanistic pathways are considered. To this end, an inexpensive and recyclable glycine nitrate (GlyNO3) ionic liquid has been efficiently employed to obtain diversely substituted symmetrical and unsymmetrical 1,4-dihydropyridines with up to 93% yields via three and four components, respectively. The catalyst recyclability and compatibility to obtain both symmetrical and unsymmetrical 1,4 DHPs under identical reaction conditions are added benefits to its practical utility. Furthermore, progress of the reaction was monitored by Q-TOF, direct infusion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), and key cationic intermediates involved in the reaction have been further identified by a tandem MS experiment (Q-TOF, ESI-MS/MS), which served as the proof of concept to the mechanistic model. This is the first report which revealed that the Hantzsch reaction predominantly follows the diketone pathway among four competing reaction pathways.


ABSTRACT The diagnosis of Palaeoglaesum Wagner is revised to add details of the head, wing and male genitalia. A critical discussion of character states observed in this genus is provided to clarify details pertinent to accurate species delimitation. Two new species, P. carsteni n. sp. and P. wagneri n. sp., from Cretaceous Myanmar amber are described and illustrated. The holotype of P. velteni (Wagner) was acquired from a private collection to be deposited in a museum collection; further details of this species are given based on examination of an additional male specimen. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:E3604C52-3DFF-4B7F-B0C6-2C2F4A8E9FD9 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:ED9F63C9-6EAA-49A2-A50C-4CEC46EA4029 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3BE16B13-4004-45ED-9A0B-8E1E4A6D65B6


A 2-week course of rifaximin (Xifaxan, Salix Pharmaceuticals) relieved bloating and other symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome for more than 2 months after treatment ended, according to research published January 6 in the New England Journal of Medicine. Rifaximin is the first treatment that targets the underlying cause of IBS, rather than just treating the symptoms, researchers said.


World container port traffic has more than doubled each decade since the 1960's, placing tremendous pressure on transport infrastructure to expand. Cityports have had to adapt their often-inadequate harbours at enormous cost in order to cope with this growth. Environmental legislation and social concerns impose further constraints on the ability of cityports to cater for such changes, both now and in future. One way to help reduce pressure on congested and physically constrained cityports is the recent shift towards transhipment-oriented terminals combined with logistics free-trade zones. New 'offshore' transhipment terminals exhibit distinct natural/physical qualities, together with productivity benefits, which in turn generate substantial container service network cost and scale advantages. The rapid development of new transhipment terminals reflects the fact that transhipment is the fastest growing segment of the container port market. At the host nation level, the importance of trade intercepted, associated employment impacts, and enhanced competitiveness generated through development of a transhipment terminal should not be underestimated.


The main subject of this article is the simulation of the cavitation including partial and super cavitation over the axisymmetric bodies using a boundary element method (BEM) based on potential by re-entrant jet model in closure zone of cavity. Re-entrant jet model is one of the closure models of cavity which is in agreement with physics of unsteady cavitating flows. To simulate the cavitation region, cavity and body surfaces are modeled with plane panels. Then, by applying the integral expression of Green theory, cavitation can be modeled by distributing the source rings on cavity surfaces and dipole rings on cavity/body surfaces. The length of the cavity and re-entrant jet are assumed to be fixed as initial predictions. The cavitation number and shape of cavity are the main results of this simulation. Furthermore, the pressure coefficient in partial cavitation and drag coefficient in super cavitation are predicted. The comparison between these results with experimental and analytical ones show that simulation of partial cavitation using BEM with re-entrant jet model modified the overshoot -that exists in results of BEM simulation without using re-entrant jet modelat the end of the cavity pressure coefficient. The implemented BEM method with re-entrant jet in super cavitation led to very good results in prediction of cavity shape and drag coefficient. The main advantage of this method is shortening the time of the desirable convergence.


Natural disaster's impact on the community and development's sustainability are occurring in aggravated and multiplied size and intensity. Global concern for finding appropriate ecological indicators stems partly from our inability to interpret early warning signals of a major ecological change, given the complexity of ecological systems. Traditional ecological knowledge represents experience acquired over thousands of years of direct human contact with the environment. Communities have evolved with the nature, its resources, its risks and natural processes as well which in certain conditions act as disasters due to their damaging impacts. Traditions of food, culture, spirituality, ethics and livelihoods have developed in the background of these natural or anthropogenic challenges in the background of interface between nature and human development, and thus, communities possess experience and knowledge to foresee, analysis, prepare for and face these challenges to sustain with resilience. India has a treasure of such indigenous and traditional knowledge of natural resource management and these can be extrapolated to understand the modern concepts of disaster risk management – in terms of early warning, preparedness, mitigation, response and relief as well. Rajasthan and Bundelkhand, the regions historically known for drought disaster present icons showcasing the traditional wisdom. Present paper reviews the concepts and associated ecological hypothesis, traditional knowledge framework for disaster management in Indian context and discusses cases from Rajasthan and Bundelkhand in order to evolve recommendations for science and policies.


Background/Aim: To report a case of mixed medullary/mucinous adenocarcinoma with unusual mutational gene profile. Patients and Methods: A 79-year-old female was diagnosed with a colorectal carcinoma of the transverse colon. The diagnostic work-up of this case included thorough clinicopathological evaluation, immunohistochemistry and next generation Sequencing. Results: The clinicopathological evaluation showed a tumor with morphological features of both medullary and mucinous colorectal carcinoma. Immunohistochemistry revealed the loss of DNA mismatch repair proteins. NGS showed that the medullary component of this tumor had a novel STK11 p.G270W mutation, which was not present in the mucinous component. Both the medullary and mucinous components also had BRAF V600E and AKT1 (pE17K) mutations. Conclusion: We report a novel mutation STK11 (p.G270W), in medullary carcinoma of the colon with an associated mucinous component.


We identify a previously uncharacterized vapor-liquid-solid growth mode that can produce small diameter, epitaxial ⟨110⟩ oriented Si and Ge nanowires (NWs). Disilane or digermane pyrolysis evolves H2 causing the monolayer thick Au/Si(111) layer between three dimensional Au seeds to dewet and form small Au islands. Under some conditions, these small islands facilitate "seedless" growth of small diameter NWs distinct from larger NWs that grow from the deposited seeds leading to a bimodal diameter distribution. We identify the precursor pressures and growth temperature regimes for which Si and Ge NW growth occurs in the absence of deposited seeds from the dewetted Au/Si(111) layer.


Ab initio calculations have been performed to study the structures and energies of intermediate‐sized silicon clusters (Sin, n=7–10). All geometries have been optimized at the Hartree–Fock (HF) level of theory with the polarized 6‐31G* basis set. The harmonic vibrational frequencies have been evaluated at the HF/6‐31G* level of theory. Electron correlation effects have been included by means of fourth order Mo/ller–Plesset perturbation theory. The most stable structure for Si7 is a pentagonal bipyramid and the lowest energy calculated structures for Si8–Si10 correspond to capped octahedral or prismatic geometrical arrangements. The evolution of the cluster geometries with increasing size is discussed. Clusters containing four, six, seven, and ten atoms have been identified as ''magic numbers'' for small silicon clusters, both theoretically and experimentally. The hybridization and bonding in small silicon clusters is discussed. Our results are used to interpret the recent photoelectron spectra of negative...


W e investigate the dynam icalbehaviorin the large scale region ofnon-equilibrium system s,by em ploying data on the assessed value ofland in 1983 { 2006 Japan.In the system we (cid:12)nd the detailed quasi-balance,which has the sym m etry: x 1 $ a x 2 (cid:18) ( x 1 and x 2 are two successiveland prices).By using the detailed quasi-balanceand G ibrat'slaw,we derive Pareto's law with varying Pareto index annually. The param eter (cid:18) corresponds with the ratio ofPareto indices( (cid:22) 1 + 1) = ( (cid:22) 2 + 1),and the relation iscon(cid:12)rm ed in the em piricaldata nicely.


Dedicated to the memory of A.N. Tyurin Abstract. Let E −→ M be a holomorphic rank n vector bundle over a compact Kähler manifold of dimension n, having a positive (or ample) line bundle L −→ M and consider a global section s, with isolated singularities, of the twisted bundle E ⊗ L⊗r, where r is an integer. We prove that if r is large enough, then s is uniquely determined, up to a global endomorphism of the bundle E, by its subscheme of singular points (which we call the singular subscheme of s). If in particular E is simple, then s is uniquely determined, up to a scalar factor, by its singular subscheme. We recall that the last statement holds in case s is a holomorphic foliation by curves, with isolated singularities, on a projective manifold M with stable tangent bundle, so it holds in particular if M is a compact irreducible Hermitian symmetric space or a Calabi-Yau manifold. If L −→ Pn is the hyperplane bundle, we show that it holds for every r ≥ 1.


Peking duck (Anas platyrhinchos domesticus) is the most popular duck breed in Asia which is raised for their meat. Nonetheless, duck meat is less utilized as further processed products due to its low functional properties including lower water holding capacity, emulsion stability, cooking yield and higher cooking loss. Washing processes of mechanically deboned/recovered meat have for a long time been applied to obtain better quality characteristics of meat, particularly in surimi and surimi-like materials production. The effects of washing processes on mechanically deboned Peking duck meat (MDPDM) after every washing cycle were investigated. MDPDM were washed up to three times with tap water and dewatered by centrifugation. Chemical composition and functional properties of MDPDM were analyzed by triplicate analysis of duplicate samples. Washing processes removed the fat until 74.47%, reduced myoglobin content from 8.22 to 3.85 mg/g (p<0.05), and increased pH from 6.48 to 7.10 and water holding capacity from 3.26 to 4.87 g water/g protein (P<0.05). Colour and textural properties were evaluated on surimi gels. Gels were prepared from unwashed and washed meat after being blended with 3% NaCl and heated at 90C for 10 minutes. Both colour and textural properties were improved significantly (P<0.05). Gel strength increased from 1136.2 (unwashed meat) to 9477.7 g.mm after the third washing cycle. Texture profile of meat such as hardness and cohesiveness increased while its springiness decreased. It was therefore concluded that a washing cycle in triplicate was sufficient to improve the quality of MDPDM, thus it has potential to be developed as surimi-like material and utilized into further processed products.


In the era of "reflexive modernity", new forms of mobility and consumption are emerging. This has largely influenced the reconfiguration of traditional forms of tourism into more sustainable and inclusive practices. If on the one hand the tourist plays an active role in "consuming" the leisure experience, on the other hand local community has a growing importance during the decision-making process concerning tourism development. Drawing upon the analysis of five case studies of innovative tourism practices located in Bologna, where the number of tourist has consistently grown (+45,7% in the last decade), this paper focuses on the social innovation perspective applied to tourism to observe the changing processes in local community participation, social relations among actors and the satisfaction of new needs. It concludes with remarks on the potentials of social innovation as a tool for urban attractiveness and for a more inclusive and responsible development.


Background: Many tools have been developed to measure the ability of workers to innovate. However, all of them are based on self-reporting questionnaires, which raises questions about their validity Purpose: The aim was to develop and validate a tool, called Ideas Generation Implementation (IGI), to objectively measure the style and potential of engineering students in generating innovative technological ideas. The cognitive framework of IGI is based on the Architectural Innovation Model (AIM). Tool description: The IGI tool was designed to measure the level of innovation in generating technological ideas and their potential to be implemented. These variables rely on the definition of innovation as 'creativity, implemented in a high degree of success'. The levels of innovative thinking are based on the AIM and consist of four levels: incremental innovation, modular innovation, architectural innovation and radical innovation. Sample: Sixty experts in technological innovation developed the tool. We checked its face validity and calculated its reliability in a pilot study (kappa = 0.73). Then, 145 undergraduate students were sampled at random from the seven Israeli universities offering engineering programs and asked to complete the questionnaire. Design and methods: We examined the construct validity of the tool by conducting a variance analysis and measuring the correlations between the innovator's style of each student, as suggested by the AIM, and the three subscale factors of creative styles (efficient, conformist and original), as suggested by the Kirton Adaptors and Innovators (KAI) questionnaire. Results: Students with a radical innovator's style inclined more than those with an incremental innovator's style towards the three creative cognitive styles. Students with an architectural innovator's style inclined moderately, but not significantly, towards the three creative styles. Conclusions: The IGI tool objectively measures innovative thinking among students, thus allowing screening of potential employees at an early stage, during their undergraduate studies. The tool was found to be reliable and valid in measuring the style and potential of technological innovation among engineering students.


This hands-on session takes academic concepts and their formulation in policy initiatives around algorithmic accountability and explainability and tests them against real cases. In small groups we will (1) test selected frameworks on algorithmic accountability and explainability against a concrete case study (that likely constitutes a human rights violation) and (2) test different formats to explain important aspects of an automated decision-making process (such as input data, type of an algorithm used, design decisions and technical parameters, expected outcomes) to various audiences (end users, affected communities, watchdog organisations, public sector agencies and regulators). We invite participants with various backgrounds: researchers, technologists, human rights advocates, public servants and designers.


Sensor cap (2) for an opto-chemical sensor (1) for determining or monitoring at least one in a medium (3) located analyte (4), with a substantially cylindrical insertion component (5) and a sleeve-like outer component (6), wherein the slide component (5) in which the medium (3) facing end portion of an optical component (7) having a flow optimized shaped surface portion (8), wherein the optical component (7) in the region of the flow-optimized shaped surface portion (8) at least partially consists of a material transparent to the measuring radiation material, wherein in the flow-optimized shaped surface portion (8) of the optical component (7) is a matrix (11) comprising an analyte-sensitive functional layer (12), wherein the slide component (5) and the sleeve-shaped component (6) are configured such that the one with the medium (4) coming connecting region (10) between the push-in component (5) and the sleeve-like outer component (6) into contact in the edge region (9) the flow-optimized shaped surface portion (8), the optical component (7) or radially spaced from the edge region (9) of the flow-optimized shaped surface portion (8) of the optical component (7) and is without a gap sealed to the medium (3), wherein the insertion component (5) in the edge region (9) of the surface region (8) is an annular recess (15) in which a sealing ring (16) is accommodated is formed, characterized in that recess (15) and sealing ring (16) are positioned and configured such that the with the medium (3) comes into contact connecting region (10) without a gap between the insert component (5) and the sleeve-shaped component (6) against the medium (3) is sealed.


The superplasticforming process of titanium alloy bellows has been analyzed using MARC finite element code with respect to Response Surface Methodology of Robust Design—Composite Design Methodology.The binary simple and binary quadratic polynomial regression equations of quality index namely Crown Minimum Thickness for titanium alloy bellows and its influencing factors namely Perform Height and Bulging Gas Pressure can be obtained by means of numerical results,thereby the robust design of the superplasticforming processes of titanium alloy bellows was obtained.The correctness of the regression equation and the feasibility of superplasticforming Robust Design Methodology have been proved through superplasticforming experiments of two-corrugation DN250 bellows made of Ti-6Al-4V.


Culicoides Hypersensitivity (CH) is a chronic, recurrent, seasonal dermatitis of horses first reported in British Columbia in 1984. Culicoides obsoletus (Meigen) was the major causal agent in southwestern British Columbia as shown by skin testing affected and non-affected horses with extracts of C. obsoletus. Light-trap captures determined that the seasonal distribution of C. obsoletus corresponded well with the presence of lesions. Trapping inside and outside stables indicated that significantly more C. obsoletus were trapped outside, but some still entered stables, indicating that the previously recommended treatment of ;tabling may not be completely effective. Affected horses in B.C. sensitized to C. obsoletus also reacted to other horse-biting species of Culicoides despite the fact that these are rare or absent in southwestern B.C. This indicates that the allergen is common to many species, including a strain of C. variipennis (Coquillett) reared in a laboratory for over 30 years. Clenbuterol hydrochloride is thought to be an effective mast cell stabilizer, preventing the release of the pharmacological mediators of allergy. However, it was ineffective in preventing the clinical signs of CH, despite proven efficacy in respiratory allergies in horses. This indicates an inherent difference between cutaneous and other hypersensitivities. No effective drug therapy is available, so a two-year immunotherapy trial was conducted on affected horses, using increasing doses of a crude C. variipennis extract. Horses were injected weekly, and local reaction to the injections decreased over time, despite the increasing dosage, indicating the development of hyposensitization. A noticeable improvement in clinical signs was observed at a dose extracted from 1680 insects. During the first year, 9 of the 10 horses improved, with 3 recovering completely. 8 horses were injected weekly with a maintenance dose during the second year, and 2 horses recovered completely, 3 improved greatly, 2 improved slightly, although 1 was unchanged. Of the 2 horses that received immunotherapy for only 1 year, one recovered completely and one was unchanged. One year after therapy, the clinical signs appeared unchanged or only slightly worse in most cases, indicating that the treatment had lasting effect. Western blotting techniques were used to identify a single causal allergen. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to thank my senior supervisors, Dr. Peter Belton, and Dr. John H. Borden for their support and guidance throughout this work. I also wish to thank my committee members Dr. Norbert H. Haunerland and Dr. Nicholas Kleider for their guidance. I am extremely grateful to Susan Sanders, Sharron Oakey and Anna Goater for their field assistance. I also thank Marg Ouellette for her assistance. I am particularly grateful to Drs. Elizabeth Jahren and Henry Lang for performing the majority of the injections during the immunotherapy trial, and also to Drs. Heather Ross and Martin Korneli. I thank the following horse owners for allowing me to work with their horses: Sally Rochon, Bernard and Ann Rees, Paul and Patricia Rust, Garry and Carol Stickle, Elizabeth Sutcliffe, Gayle Longstaff, Patricia Wrigley, June Henning, Jim Anderson, Craig Lemon, Cindy Craig, Georgina Brown, Sharon Madge, Gerry and Marion Blitstein, Sarah Blitstein, Michelle Barra, Chris Parsons, Leanne Widdess and Suanne Derksen. This research was supported in part by the following: Science and Engineering Research Council, U.K.; Boehring Ingelheim Ltd., Burlington, Ontario (Chapter 5) and Langford Laboratories Inc., Guelph, Ontario (Chapter 7). I am extremely grateful to Dr. S.J. Alkemade and Vetrepharm Laboratories Inc. London, Ontario for donating adjuvant, and to Dr. G. Hunt and the U.S.D.A., Lararnie, Wyoming for donating Culicoides variipennis. I am also grateful to Drs. Lane Foil, Louisiana State / * University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana and Yehudi Braverman, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Beit Dagan, Israel, for donating insects. I also thank Dr. Art Borkent for confirming my identification of Culicoides obsoletus and for identifying other Culicoides species. I would also like to thank Joan Chisholm for her technical assistance and guidance, and David Anderson, for assisting in overseas literature searches. Finally, I wish to thank Greg St. Hilaire for his support throughout this work.


Existing and missing calculations of standard model processes producing large transverse energy in electron-proton interactions at HERA are reviewed. The adequacy of the existing standard model Monte Carlo programs for generic searches of exotic processes is analyzedx.


Books Sarah Lageson. 2020. Digital Punishment: Privacy, Stigma, and the Harms of Data-Driven Criminal Justice. Oxford University Press. Media: Slate, The Markup, CNN, The Crime Report, Team Human Podcast, Digital Privacy News, Collateral Consequences Resource Center, ApexArt, Probable Causation Podcast, Drexel Magazine, WDET 'Tracked and Traced' Podcast, Black Box Podcast Reviews: American Journal of Sociology, European Journal of Sociology, Punishment & Society, Criminal Justice Review, Journal of Constitutional History, Security Dialogue, Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare, Surveillance & Society, Law Library Journal, European Journal of Probation, Religious Studies Review, Probation Journal Awards: American Society of Criminology 2021 Michael J. Hindelang Outstanding Book Award; Honorable Mention for the 2021 Law and Society Association Jacob Prize; Privacy Law Scholars Conference Junior Scholar Award


Development of rotary tiller at Guanyun County in the past 40 years is tortuous development process from scratch,small to large,industry reshuffling.But now,rotary tillers have embarked on a vigorous development process and achieved significant comprehensive overall efficiency.In order to keep the industry of rotary tiller advance with the times,make new contributions to welloff society and promote the development of rotary tiller industry healthily,initial ideas and concrete measures on development of the industry of rotary tiller are put forward based on the process of development of rotary tiller at Guanyun County.


Modernization or revitalization of a railway line involves the necessity of reconstruction or renovation of practically all the engineering objects and constructions on its premises. While, in the case of objects, not protected by  the Historic Preservation Maintenance of City-Owned Buildings, the situation is relatively easy, in the case of historical buildings,  the scope of possible construction works can be significantly reduced. On the example of the modernization of the Wroclaw Glowny railway station track system, the use of modern slab track is presented, whose aim is to obtain the required performance parameters of the engineering structures (old boreholes) located in its area. The non-skid surfaces used are ERS - rails in the cover and block rails of the EBS type. The use of pavement-free pavements allowed the historic bays to be preserved. Their main girders are made of riveted baffles, without interfering with their historical material. The presented solutions can also be used for the modernization of different types of engineering objects and construction, not necessarily recorded in the register or records of historical monuments - for example, in riveted constructions of those of or unique shape, located on lower category railway lines. It gives opportunity to preserve and continue to use old objects, exposing their beauty and technology, currently not used (for example riveting).


ABSTRACT:The Royal Tenenbaums (2001), directed by Wes Anderson, takes the form of a storybook where writing plays a key role. Many characters use writing either literally or metaphorically throughout the film. Embedded within the narrative, acts of authorship become a way for characters to find a path forward to narrate and "work through" family betrayals and traumas, and find their way to a space of eventual forgiveness and love.


In space geodetic techniques like VLBI and GPS, accuracy
is limited by atmospheric propagation effects by neutral
atmosphere in the troposphere. In recent years numerical weather models (NWM) have been applied to improve mapping functions which are used for tropospheric delay modeling in VLBI and GPS data analyses. A troposphere correction model applying ray-tracing through the Limited Area numerical weather prediction (NWP) HIRLAM 3D-VAR model and applying the Conformal Theory of Refraction is developed. The advantages of HIRLAM model are the high spatial resolution (0.2◦x0.2◦) and the high temporal resolution in prediction mode (every 3 hours). The advantages of the Conformal Theory of Refraction (Moritz, 1967) is that the atmospheric propagation effects are evaluated along the line of sight and the known vacuum elevation angle is used so no iterative calculations are needed. When ray-tracing through HIRLAM profiles and calculating the slant delays using the Conformal Theory of Refraction, we include the effect of an inhomogeneous atmosphere in the slant delays values.


Objective: The essential oil of Nasturtium officinales,Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lam and Kalimeris Indica(L.).Sch-Bip was tested against resistant strain of Staphylococcus aureus,Escherichia coli and Candida albicans.Methods: The method of agar-discs diffusion was used to assay the antibacterial activity.Results: The essential oil of three Chinese Medical Herbs showed the antimicrobial activity.Conclusion: The essential oil of H.sibthorpioides was found to be the most potent in three microorganism.


The transition from higher education to work is a period of significant change for the individual that will affect many parts of the new graduate's life and is also important from an organisational ...


In article original results micro-and ultra micro structural studying excretory systems parasitic nematodes are stated. The originality of the structural organization excretory systems at various taxonomic groups nematodes is shown depending on ecological conditions of dwelling of parasites and their owners.


The litigation action is one of the basic factors in the construction of procedure. At the same time, it is the important manner and measure to transmit the information of the subjects in the litigation actions. The better definition of the meanings, characteristics and limits of the litigation action will help our better management of it.


Melting-reaction method was employed to fabricate Al2O3 particle reinforced Al-matrix composites based on the che-mical reaction between aluminum and SiO2 powders. The results show that the reinforced particles obtained in composites are about 0.2~0.5 μm and are homogeneously distributed in the Al-matrix; the chemical reactive kinetics between aluminum and SiO2 powders are analyzed according to the microparticle-reaction model.


Traditional Translation Studies has been questioning,in line with the notion of translation proper,the legitimacy of Translation and Edition,or adaptations.However,as a special rewriting to the original text,it could,focusingly and vertically,present the lengthy textual information to the target reader,and helps to accomplish the communicative purpose and textual functions of the text in question.


One high potency (HP) and two low potency (LP) commercial whole short ragweed (WSR) extracts were assayed for relative potency (RP) by antigen E (AgE‐Amb a 1), RAST inhibition, and parallel line bioassay (PLBA). The RP of the HP extract (300 (μg AgE) was equal to the reference WSR, but the LP extracts were only ∼ 0.01 of the RP of the reference. Each extract was administered to fall hay fever patients with skin sensitivity to WSR (≤ 10−3μg/ml AgE for sum of erythema = 50 mm) to the maximum tolerated dose, or 0.5 cc of the concentrate, by either a 9‐ or 40‐dosc regimen. HP‐treated patients had significantly lower symptom scores than untreated controls. No significant difference was noted in the total symptom scores between HP and LP extract‐treated patients. Despite ∼ 100‐fold differences in the RP of HP versus LP extracts, both produced similar frequencies of severe systemic and severe late phase local reactions. Furthermore, when RP of HP and LP extracts were estimated by PLBA, both reached similar peak dosages, similar dosage for IgG WSR antibody response, and comparable IgG WSR antibody levels, indicating that the WSR dose estimates based on RP were bioequivalent. The 9‐dosc HP regimen produced fewer late phase local and systemic reactions per patient than the 40‐dose HP regimen. Most patients experiencing severe systemic reactions were among those most skin sensitive to WSR. The number of systemic reactions per injection was significantly higher at higher WSR doses. One LP extract produced a high incidence of systemic reactions in the initial three injections. With respect to HP, its RP varied ∼ 10‐fold depending on the skin sensitivity of the patient to heat‐stable ragweed allergens, demonstrating that it was compositionally different. However, when the dose of this extract was estimated by RP based on the skin sensitivity of each patient, the peak dose of the extract as well as the doses associated with late phase and systemic reactions were found to be similar to the HP doses. This indicated that immunizing dose estimates of compositionally different WSR extracts based on RP by PLBA were also bioequivalent.


Vehicle ownership plays a key role in determining the number of trips made by a household and the modes that the household will use to make those trips. Predicting vehicle ownership is a challenge due to the complexity of relationships affecting the choice of vehicles for a particular household. The income of the household, the accessibility of activities by alternative modes, and the family makeup of a household all affect the choice of the number of vehicles. The Honolulu metropolitan statistical area, which encompasses the island of Oahu, is the primary study area. On Oahu, vehicle ownership varies widely, from the dense neighborhoods in Waikiki to the semirural areas on the fringe of the region. Consequently, the vehicle-ownership model will be a crucial component of the new travel forecasting models for the island. Using 1995 Oahu household interview survey data, a vehicle-ownership model that takes into account income, accessibility, and household family structure has been estimated and found to predict rather accurately the shares in each vehicle-ownership class by geography, household size, and number of workers. In addition, 1990 census data have been used to test a variation of the vehicle-ownership model on several other American cities such as Atlanta, Kansas City, San Francisco, and New York. The resulting models for these regions parallel the Honolulu vehicle-ownership model very closely in structure and statistical significance, thereby demonstrating the model structures' transferability between regions.