We have developed and deployed several web-based tutors for C++ programming concepts. We have been remotely collecting usage data from these tutors, and analyzing them for the benefit of the students, the teachers and ourselves. In this paper, we will describe the tutors, the types of data collected, and the types of analysis we perform on the data for the benefit of the various constituencies : students, instructors and the designers of problems . Since we use learning objectives ontology to model the domain, student, and adaptive problem generation in our tutors, our analysis of usage is also in terms of learning objectives. We will illu strate with examples that usage analysis in terms of learning objectives yields results readily usable by students, instructors and the designers of problems.


ABSTRACT Fault occurrences in photovoltaic (PV) modules can hinder the performance of the system, resulting in reduced lifetime and performance of the modules. PV module (PVM) faults if unmonitored can affect the power transmission through the system, thereby creating short circuits that can be hazardous. Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based monitoring is one of the most common and widely adopted techniques to detect faults in PVM. Visual images of PVM contain the necessary information about the faults, but sometimes, it becomes difficult even for expert professional to work on large amount of image data. Automatic classification of PVM faults using deep learning techniques can help in providing improved analysis and instantaneous results. The present study adopts renowned deep convolution neural network (CNN) models such as MobileNet V2, Inception V3, and Xception for the classification of PVM. The aforementioned models were trained individually, and the classification performances of the models were observed to be 97.03%, 95.55%, and 92.27%, respectively. A hybrid deep ensemble model is proposed in the study that merges all the aforementioned models. The proposed model produced classification accuracy higher than each of the individual model with a value of 99.04%. Automatic classification using deep ensemble model can help in the accurate identification of faults in PVM from images acquired through UAV. Consequently, this computer-aided and quick diagnosis can eliminate the downtime and fire hazards.


Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the accuracy and usefulness of fine needle aspiration biopsy(FNAB) in the diagnosis of parotid masses.
Materials and Methods: FNAB findings of 123 patients who were operated over a last ten years period were retrospectively analyzed and compared with histopathological findings. We examined the sensitivity, the specificity, the positive predictive value (PPV), the negative predictive value (NPV) of FNAB.
Results: FNAB results of the patients who participated in the study are as follow; non-diagnostic for 7 patient (%5.7), atypia of undetermined significance for 7 patients(%5.7), bening neoplasm for 98 patients (79.7%) and malign cytology for 11 patients (%8.9). Histopathological results were maligned found in 1 out of 98 patients with benign neoplasm in cytology results in FNAB. The histopathological result was benign in 2 of 11 patients with malignant neoplasm in the cytology findings with FNAB. The specificity of FNAB in the diagnosis of parotid masses was found as 98% and the sensitivity was 90%. The positive predictive value (PPD) was detected as 86% and the negative predictive value was detected 98%.
Conclusion: Since malignant masses of the parotid are rare and diverse, diagnosis with FNAB can be difficult. Another complicating factor is the similarity of low-grade malignant tumor and benign tumor. As a result, FNAB has high accuracy for benign parotid tumors, but low for malignant parotid tumors.


We report calculations in support of the application of LDA within DFT to graphite and go on to report the inner core structure and energetics of prismatic dislocations with Burgers vector c/2: two types of edge and one of screw type. We find the screw dislocations preserve sp2 hybridisation and graphite bonding, whereas one edge type (zigzag) gives rise to interlayer single bonds and sp3 hybridisation, while the other type (armchair) does not, preferring instead to rehybridise towards sp and form bonds with itself approaching triple character. For computational and physical reasons these calculations were based on AA graphite, rather than Bernal (AB) graphite.


Indonesia is a country with the fourth most populous population in the world, with a large population causing a depletion of jobs. Furthermore, with fewer jobs, many people become unemployed. One way to reduce unemployment is by entrepreneurship. However, without motivation, entrepreneurship will not work. Thus, this study aims to determine the effect of psychocybernatic integration and entrepreneurial training on the entrepreneurial motivation of students of the Economics Education Study Program STKIP Persada Khatulistiwa Sintang. The research was conducted using a descriptive method with a quantitative approach. The results of the research conducted show that the effect of psychocybernatic integration (X1) on entrepreneurial motivation (Y) has a significance value of 0.154. So that means psychocybernatic integration has a negative effect on entrepreneurial motivation. Then, the effect of entrepreneurship training on entrepreneurship motivation has a significance value of 0.003. So that means entrepreneurship training has a positive and significant effect on entrepreneurial motivation


Abstract Periprosthetic fracture (PPF) after total hip arthroplasty (THA) is associated with adverse outcomes. Many studies have sought to determine risk factors for PPF, though controversy exists regarding several variables. This study sought to determine risk factors for early PPF using the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) dataset. Patients with a primary current procedural terminology for THA were identified. The primary outcome was reoperation/readmission for PPF within 30 days. Multivariable logistic regression was utilized to adjust for confounding factors. A total of 159,234 patients were included in the study, of whom 195 patients (0.12%) had a PPF within 30 days, with a mean day of reoperation/readmission of 14.6 (standard deviation 7.7). A total of 68 patients (34.9% of those fractured) underwent one or more reoperations. In multivariable analysis, risk factors for PPF were higher body mass index (BMI; odds ratio [OR] 1.03 per mg/kg2, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.0–1.05) and higher preoperative leukocyte count (OR 1.04 per 103/mL, 95% CI 1.01–1.06). Among females, age (OR 1.05 per year, 95% CI 1.04–1.07) was significantly associated with PPF, but a similar difference was not observed among males (OR 1.01, 95% CI 0.98–1.04). Controlling for patient age, there was no significant difference in risk of PPF for females versus males (p = 0.2213). PPF was associated with the development of additional complications (OR 4.10, 95% CI 2.68–6.27). This study identified risk factors for PPF after primary THA. These results have implications for preoperative planning and postoperative precautions among patients with particularly elevated risk of PPF.


Under the lighting conditions of artificial light sources, point lighting causes the image to receive uneven light, leading to the characteristics of color distortion and poor dehazing enhancement effect when the existing dark channel dehazing algorithm is used for dehazing enhancement of haze images. Aiming to solve the above problems, this paper proposes a dark channel defogging enhancement algorithm for haze image in complex environment. First, by calculating the intensity histogram of the initial image, the corresponding mean, median and maximum value are obtained, and a novel brightness factor is constructed accordingly. Then, the over-bright areas in the image are extracted through the brightness factor and processed by down-value. Finally, the down-value image is used to estimate the atmospheric light value to enhance the accuracy of the atmospheric light value, so as to solve the problems of color distortion and poor dehazing effect. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has good applicability to dust fog images under non-uniform illumination. Compared with other advanced algorithms, the no-reference evaluation index ranks high, and the qualitative results are more realistic and natural.


There is a severe contradiction in structure about the credit supply demand of commercial banks in China,which is embodied through credit concentration style. The author discusses in detail the present situations of the newly loaned funds, the negative influences of the credit concentration phenomenon and the basic causes of the contradiction. On the basis of the above, the author puts forward some suggestions and countermeasures.


A solution for Laplace partial differential equation by using Spline basis functions is presented. The formulation is derived and its differences with the finite element method are explained. The effect of some of parameters such as the knot vector and grid of control points on the solution is investigated. Finally, a few examples are presented to demonstrate the efficiency of the method.


Climacteric syndrom is one of the most frequent complains among females in perimenopausal period that leads to significant deterioration of health. Complex of syptoms vegetovascular, neuropsychick, trophic disorders and menstrual disorders is caused by age process of steroidogenesis. The use of combined estrogenhestagen medicine in perimenopausal period is proved pathogenetically, however every fith woman has climacteric disorders during the breakes of taking twophase replacable medicine. In this case, it is reasonable to take three phase replacable medicine, that contain changeable dosage of estrogens throughout the whole period of treatment.


A descriptive study was made of the characteristics of the families with Down syndrome children who attend Special day care at Zunzun, in the Municipality of Playa, in the City of Havana during the period of March to June of 2007, with the objective of characterizing these families and their knowledge of this illness. The universe was made up of 32 mothers and 4 fathers that participated in a survey about the marital status, relatives who reside with the child, schooling, occupation, age and knowledge of the illness. The following conclusions are reached: predominance of married parents, the children reside with other family members the mother is usually the person nearest and dearest to the child, even though the father is an important figure the schooling level is high and the predominant profession is


Compared with the standard gradient,natural gradient algorithm has faster convergence rate and better separation performance,so it occupies importance position in blind source separation.Because all of usual natural gradient algorithms adopt fix-step-size,they can not resolve the contradiction between convergence speed and the error in steady state.By building a nonlinear function relationship between the step size factor and the difference among the separating matrixes,the paper proposes a new natural gradient algorithm.Due to the algorithm's step-size is time-variable,the algorithm can improve convergence speed and reduce the steady state error,thus solves the internal contradiction of fix-step-size.Computer simulation result confirms the theoretical analysis and shows that the algorithms performance is superior to the usual natural gradient algorithm.


Pressure dependence of the charge distribution along the columns of tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) molecules in Cs 2 TCNQ 3 , which is a semiconducting 1/3-filled Hubbard system with the optical e...


Platform evolution studies have focused on developing two types of platforms: the Geostationary Platform, for use as an observatory in NASA's Mission-to-Planet-Earth (MPE) initiative, and a co-orbiting platform, for use as a branching mechanism for the Space Station Freedom manned base. In 1989, platform evolution efforts also documented existing polar platform scares for servicing and for co-orbiting platform configurations. Shown on this viewgraph are various configurations. An Astrophysics Co-Orbiting Platform was studied during Phase B of the Space Station Program. The Stationkeeping Platform was the subject of a Goddard study. Today we will briefly describe the NASA Polar Platform and discuss the evolutionary configurations for geostationary and co-orbiting platforms. General Electric Astro-Space Division was selected to perform these studies because of its role as designer of the Polar Platform.


OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of angiotensin II (Ang II) on the cell proliferation of bovine trabecular meshwork (TM) cells in vitro. May probe into the mechanism of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).METHODS: Ang II(1×10-7mol·L-1 and 1×10-8mol·L-1)and angiotensin receptor type I(AT1)antagonist (Losartan)were incubated with cultured TM cells. The cellular proliferation was measured by 3H-thymidine(3H-TdR) incorporation assay.RESULTS: Ang II increased the TM cells uptake of 3H-TdR and inhibited by Losartan partially . CONCLUSION: Ang II have the effect that inducing the proliferation of bovine TM cells in vitro. The AT1 antagonist may inhibit this cell proliferation effect.


This paper aims to alert the board to their duty of adding value to the organizations they represent by recognizing opportunities presented by new developments in information technology. Cloud computing is one such development, which is associated with opportunities and benefits. The service value that can be achieved by using this computing model will be influential in the adoption of cloud computing services. Service value is determined by the warranty and utility associated with that service. Thus, if an organization can associate itself with the utility and warranty on offer via cloud computing, it should consider the adoption of these services. Cloud computing is discussed in terms of service value. This promotes an understanding of factors to be considered when making decisions about the adoption of cloud computing.


as a popular dramatist fails to carry conviction, the main pretext for the book perhaps vanishes. But there is a great deal of value even without its most novel thesis. The sections on Catullus' attitude to commerce and to traditional 'Transpadane' morality (pp. 101-15) illuminate many things in the poetry; and chapter VII, 'The afterlife of Lesbia', is remarkably comprehensive and altogether fascinating to read. Indeed the whole book is thoroughly readable and will yield all sorts of profit to scholars of all ages, even if some of the less experienced would have welcomed an explanation of 'Watch out, he has hay on his horns' on p. 63, while those familiar with Juvenal will question the distinction between obscene words and obscene expressions on p. 134.


The precise location of a moving vehicle is the one of key factors in intelligent transportation system (ITS). The Kalman filtering technique, which is often applied directly to vehicle navigation system (VNS) operated by GPS, can give optimal estimation of moving vehicles. The navigation accuracy using Kalman filter depends on a reliable function model, stochastic model and proper estimation method. In order to gain good navigation precision, an adaptively robust Kalman filtering algorithm based on the current statistical model is presented in this paper. This filter is a combination of adaptive UD decomposition Kalman filter with quasi-accurate detection of gross errors (QUAD) method. It uses QUAD method to detect and correct gross errors in GPS observations, applies UD decomposition technique to improve computation precision and stability of filter and employs Sage adaptive filter to avoid divergence. Features of good stability, strong adaptability and well elimination of gross errors of this new comprehensive filter have been demonstrated with two simulation examples at last


China's educational enterprise has achieved great successes since reform and opening up in 1978, but the constraints imposed by a number of factors mean that the problem of unequal distribution of high quality educational resources among groups from different strata is becoming increasingly noticeable at the basic education stage, leading to socioeconomic segregation in schools. We utilize baseline data from the China Education Panel Survey for 2013-2014 to investigate this phenomenon in junior high schools and its influence upon students' educational expectations. Our findings show that marked segregation currently exists at the junior high school level. The extent of the segregation varies from region to region and place to place (urban or rural), and school socioeconomic composition (SEC) exerts a significant influence upon students' educational expectations. The higher the school's average SEC or the greater its heterogeneity, the higher the educational expectations of its students. The effect of school SEC upon the educational expectations of students varies depending on the characteristics of different student groups; students who have lower cognitive abilities and fall behind at school are more likely to benefit from an increase in school socioeconomic status (SES) and heterogeneity. Because educational expectations are a decisive factor in academic achievement and educational attainment, the influence of school socioeconomic segregation upon educational equity should not be overlooked. Lessening the degree of school socioeconomic segregation and encouraging integrated schools would be an effective measure for ensuring educational equity in China.


Objective: To discuss electrolyte disorder caused by the heart disease from lung.Method: Carried on clinical analyses and treatments to the 60 examples of patients with electrolyte disorder caused by heart disease from lung.Result: The heart disease from lung accompanied with low sodium blood sickness and low potassium blood sickness treatment effectiveness is lower than the one has not accompanied the low sodium blood sickness and low potassium blood sickness.The difference has the remarkable significance(P0.01).Conclusion: Correction electrolyte disorder and it is helpful to treat and rescue the patients with heart and breath fades of heart disease from lung.


Monitoring road and traffic conditions in a city is a problem widely studied. Several methods have been proposed towards addressing this problem. Several proposed techniques require dedicated hardware such as GPS devices and accelerometers in vehicles or cameras on roadside and near traffic signals. All such methods are expensive in terms of monetary cost and human effort required. We propose a nonintrusive method that uses sensors present on smartphones. In propose system we use accelerometer, GPS sensor readings for road conditions detection. We are specifically interested in identifying braking events frequent braking indicates congested traffic conditions and bumps on the roads to characterize the type of road. In this fast-moving world that we live in, safe commute is not only everyone's priority but also to provide a hassle-free shuttle between places is the government's duty. In this paper, we propose a system which detects potholes on the road. As we all know prevention is better than cure, we design and implement a system which not only recognizes potholes but also stores this data on a cloud platform which can act as a database for further reference and enable us to analyze the data. The proposed system contains two important functions, first is to detect the pothole which is done through a multi-sensor subsystem consisting of accelerometer and gyroscope and secondly warn the driver and store this information on a cloud base which can be accessed by other users which will help them apprehend the potholes on their way. Once the location of the potholes is known, Government authorities can be informed about the same.


Objective: To assess the effect of a clinical pharmacist's prospective medication review of patients receiving multiple drug therapy, using the pharmaceutical care process, as determined by the number of concurrent medications the patient is receiving before and after clinic visits. Design: Assigned groups. Setting: Outpatient primary care clinic of a tertiary healthcare Veterans Affairs (VA) medical facility. Patients: Seven hundred twenty-seven patients who had eight or more active medication orders were selected. Four hundred forty-one patients (aged 67.2 ± 10.4 y) were in the intervention group; 286 others (aged 66.6 ± 11.9 y), whose medical records were not available, were assigned to the control group and received no clinical pharmacist intervention. Intervention: Medication regimens of VA ambulatory patients with eight or more active medications were reviewed by a clinical pharmacist, and a written communication to the prescriber was attached to the medical record. Main Outcome Measures: The number of active concurrent medications before and after clinic visits was measured. Results: There was a decrease in the medications in the intervention group from an average of 12.1 ±4 to 11.5 ± 4.2 (p < 0.05). The medications in the control group rose from an average of 11.8 ± 4.44 to 12.2 ± 4 (p = NS). A decrease of 0.6 prescriptions per patient was highly significant (p < 0.05). During the study, 1,336 recommendations were made to practitioners. From this group, 41% of the recommendations were accepted, and 477 medications were discontinued, the quantity dispensed or dosage was reduced, or an alternative medication was prescribed. Conclusions: These data suggest that clinical pharmacist intervention in an ambulatory care setting can affect practitioner prescribing habits and significantly decrease the number of medications prescribed.


Software Engineering measurement and analysis specially, size estimation initiatives have been in the center of attention for many firms. Function Point (FP) metric is among the most commonly used techniques to estimate the size of software system projects or software systems for measuring the functionality delivered by a system. In this paper we explore an alternative, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) approach for predicting function Point. We proposed an ANN model to explore neural network as tool for function point metric. A multilayer feed forward network is trained using backpropogation algorithm and demonstrated to be suitable. The training and validation data is randomly selected from the data repository of 365 projects [7]. The experimental results of two validation sets each of 55 projects indicate that the Mean Absolute Relative Error (MARE) was 0.198 and 0.145 of ANN model and shows that ANN model is a competitive model as Function Point Metric.


Objective To compare the characteristics of the animal models of acute lung injury induced by oleic acid(OA) and(or) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in rats.Methods Twenty four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups(n=6):control group (no interventions), group administered LPS only (10 mg/kg, intraperitoneally), group administered OA only (0.15 ml/kg, intravenously), and group administered LPS+OA (OA given 30 minutes after LPS).The mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were monitored continuously.Blood and tissue samples were collected 120 minutes after the first drug injection.The NF-κB p65, MPO of lung tissue and serum IL-6 were measured respectively.The blood gas analysis, wet to dry ratio (W/D) of right lung and pathological changes were also observed.Results As compared with the control group, the expression of NF-κB p65 and the activity of MPO in lung tissue and serum IL-6 levels were increased in the LPS group, but the W/D ratio and gas exchange were no statistically significant.In contrast, OA caused severe alveolar damage with associated abnormalities in gas exchange and the W/D ratio, but the expression of NF-κB p65 and the activity of MPO in lung tissue and serum IL-6 levels had no change.When given together, LPS and OA acted synergistically to increase the expression of NF-κB p65 and MPO activity in lung tissue and serum IL-6 levels, the W/D ratio and PaCO2 significantly increased and pH and PaO2 markedly decreased.The histopathologic changes of lung tissue showed alveolar hemorrhage, necrosis and proteinaceous alveolar edema.Conclusions "Two-hit" model of acute lung injury induced by oleic acid combined with lipopolysaccharide is an ideal model for ALI, which mimics clinical manifestations.


The importance of unintended drug interactions is now generally recognised and prescribers and pharmacists need some simple means of checking for such effects when prescribing or dispensing.


A summary of the design consult of Hangzhou Bay Sea-Crossing Bridge is introduced,primarily including the consulting work in the stages of feasibility study,preliminary design and construction document design.The advisory opinions and proposals given by the consults,the effects on improving the design are also put forward.


After biochemistry and chemistry laboratories consist of biochemstry laboratory,chemistry laboratory and preventing medicine laboratory etal 3 laboratory in our college to summarize experience and thinking,that basis course and teaching laboratories medical college for nationalities was estimated by Guangxi Province.


In the background of the education innovation of the new century, It is necessarily to seek new vision to carry out constantly the "reducing pupils and students academic burden" innovation,to conquer the idea of oversimplification and one-sidedness in the theory, to define the connotation of the "reducing pupils' and students' academic burden" innovation rationally,to evaluate the achievement and problem of the "reducing pupils' and students' academic burden"; to expose education system's competition in the system of socialist market economy,to take the "reducing pupils' and students' academic burden" into the background of education globalization and expose its international universality.


Percutaneous transluminal laser angioplasty was carried out on 59 occasions. Nd : YAG laser was used. In case of contact method with a ceramic tip, 15 to 20 W was applied for one to 2 seconds, during flushing with normal saline. The procedure was repeated until a desired effect is obtained. A bare laser fiber was also used. The initial success rate was 86.4 %. The patency rate of the iliac artery was 88.9 %, and that of femoropopliteal artery was 74.9 %. PTLA of tibial or peroneal artery was also successful in 5 cases. Vascular endoscopy was useful in assessing the nature of arterial occlusive disease.


The Horizontal Current Bipolar Transistor (HCBT) technology, as an example of the low-cost BiCMOS (bipolar complementary metal oxide semiconductor) te


Dear Editor, Smooth muscle hamartoma (SMH) is hyperplasia of dermal smooth muscle fibers. SMH usually presents as a single patch with a diameter up to several centimeters on the extremities or trunk. We encountered an extremely rare case of giant SMH of the scrotum. An 80yearold man was referred to our department for evaluating an enlarged scrotum with dysuria, bilateral inguinal lymphadenopathy, and edema of his legs, which he had been aware of for 2 years. He underwent partial penectomy and bilateral inguinal lymph node dissection for penile cancer 24 years earlier. Inguinal lymphadenopathy recurred 14 years after surgery. However, lymph node biopsy revealed no malignant lesions. On physical examination, his entire scrotum was remarkably swollen and the skin surface was thickened with partial hyperpigmentation (Figure 1a). Computed tomography showed scrotal edema, scrotal wall thickening, swollen inguinal lymph nodes that persisted after the previous lymph node dissection, and prostate enlargement (Figure 1b). His serum levels of prostatespecific antigen and squamous cell carcinoma antigen were elevated to 29.1 ng/mL (normal range <4.0 ng/mL) and 3.7 ng/ mL (normal range <2.5 ng/mL), respectively. Histopathological examination revealed edema, dilatation, and proliferation of the lymph vessels in the upper dermis. These smooth muscle fibers, immunohistochemically positive for α smoothmuscle actin (αSMA) and desmin, were scattered throughout the dermis and extended in various directions (Figure 1c– f). The lymph vessels were clearly delineated by D240 immunohistochemical staining (Figure 1g). Prostate biopsy revealed no cancer and lymphadenopathy improved with levofloxacin. Based on these findings, a diagnosis of SMH was established. His penis, scrotal wall, and testes were surgically removed after percutaneous cystostomy. The specimens revealed no findings of recurrent penile cancer. Acquired SMH (ASMH) did not relapse for 12 months. SMH, a rare benign proliferative disorder of smooth muscle, usually arises from the arrector pili, vessel wall, mamillary, vulvar, or dartos muscles. SMH has two variants: congenital (CSMH) and ASMH. CSMH is more common and a few cases of ASMH have been previously reported in the literature.1 While most SMH presents on the proximal extremities or trunk, SMH on the scrotum is rarely seen. Causes of ASMH of the scrotum are scrotal lymphedema due to chronic lymphatic obstruction secondary to surgery such as partial penectomy, lymph node dissection or vasectomy, locoregional radiotherapy, trauma, or morbid obesity.2– 4 Oiso et al. reported a case of scrotal ASMH without preceding macroscopic lymphedema. They suggested that hyperproliferative smooth muscle fibers induced microscopic lymphedema based on a histological evaluation.5 In our case, remarkably huge ASMH developed 22 years after partial penectomy and inguinal lymph node dissection. Hyperplasia of the dartos muscle subsequent to longstanding lymphedema could obstruct local lymphatic circulation and further exacerbate scrotal lymphedema, resulting in marked swelling of the scrotum. F I G U R E 1 Clinical presentation, histological findings, and computed tomography findings. (a) Tight and thickened scrotum. The skin color is brown and the skin has hyperpigmentation. (b) Computed tomography shows scrotal edema (arrow), the scrotal wall thickening. (c,d) Histopathological analysis of the skin reveals edema and dilatations of the lymph vessels in the upper dermis. The smooth muscle fibers are scattered throughout the dermis and extend in various directions (hematoxylin & eosin, original magnification: (c) × 40; (d) × 100). (eg) Immunostaining for desmin (e), αsmooth muscle actin (f), and D240 (g) (original magnification: × 100) (a)


In order to observe the geochemical characteristics and environmental changes of surface sediments in Gangjin Bay, 35 sediment samples were chemically analyzed. The geochemical variation during the last 10 years was investigated in order to compare the results of this study with the one in 2000. According to the geochemical comparison of the two cases, most elements are proportional to grain sizes and organic carbon contents with a coefficient above 0.8. Fine clay minerals and organic matters control the behaviors of elements in the above sediments. Also, in the case of Ca and Sr, shell fragments surrounding the geological setting and oxides influence its contents. In the sediments, the EF(Enrichment Factor) of P, Co, Cr, Cu and Ni are below 1, but Li, Zn and Pb are between 2.16~5.95, 0.78~1.67, and 1.20~2.85. The Igeo(index of geoaccumulation) values are above 1.0 in Co, Cr, Cu, Li, Ni and Zn. This means that the sediments are moderately contaminated. The T-test results show that the contents of Al, Mg, Ca, Na, K, Ti, P, Cu, Li, Sc, Sr, Zn and organic carbon, are meaningful, the p-value being less than 0.05 (p<0.05). The geochemical tendencies of this area might be related with the closing effect due to the construction of Tamjin Dam, the straightening of the stream courses, and the building up of breakwater. In addition, heavy elements such as Cu, Zn and Pb are enriched in this area because organic matters can easily adsorb them. In conclusion, in order to observe the environmental change of surface sediments, it is necessary to monitor the bay continuously.


The Ag2O–g-C3N4 composite was prepared by the coprecipitation method and was well characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy with energy dispersion X-ray spectroscopy, UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy and surface photovoltage spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activities were evaluated in the degradation of Rhodamine B aqueous solution. The results showed that Ag2O sized 5–10 nm was highly anchored on the surface of the pure g-C3N4 support, causing the Ag2O–g-C3N4 composite to show stronger absorption in the visible light region and higher photocatalytic activities than pure g-C3N4 and Ag2O. The enhanced photocatalytic activities were attributed to combined effects, including highly dispersed smaller Ag2O particles, stronger visible absorption and higher charge separation efficiency. The possible mechanism for the photocatalytic activity of Ag2O–g-C3N4 was tentatively proposed.


Force-deformation relationships of rock joints are important in the study of mechanical behavior of fractured or jointed rocks. Experimental studies have shown that rock joints often exhibit deformation hardening and anisotropic behavior under shearing loads. This paper focuses upon the mathematical modeling of force-deformation behavior of anisotropic rock joints by explicitly considering interaction of asperities on a joint surface. Elastic deformations and inelastic frictional sliding are considered at inclined asperity contacts. A modified spherical harmonic expansion is introduced to model the orientation distribution of asperity contacts. The resultant joint force-deformation model is used to obtain the normal and shear stiffness behavior of anisotropic joints. Results obtained from the model show that the asperity contact orientation distribution is essential for representing the anisotropic nature of interface geometry and for modeling deformation hardening of interfaces. The model results are compared with experimental data culled from the literature.


ne of the priority direction of national medicine at this moment is Informatization (IT-technology). The most promising task is to use information and computer support in a comprehensive system of diagnostic examination of patients with cleft lip and palate for its subsequent integration into a complex of rehabilitation measures, including the participation of specialists in various fields (psychologist, pediatrician, surgeon, orthodontist, speech therapist, etc.). The purpose of the study was to offer a web-application that allows doctors of related specialties to determine the tactics of interdisciplinary diagnosis and treatment. Based on more than 20 years of experience in clinical and scientific observations in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with cleft lip and palate, a web-application "ADI" (Application of Digital Imaging) has been developed. The web-application "ADI" is a system for processing and storing information for rehabilitation of patients with cleft lip and palate by type of pathology and age, which allows doctors to get structured information about the stages of conducting the necessary methods of interdisciplinary diagnosis and treatment. One of the main advantages of creating a web-application " ADI " is the ability to quickly exchange information between specialists in various fields of knowledge. This comprehensive information is the basis for combining scientific ideas and sharing the experience of various specialists, thus making it possible to create a unified system of interdisciplinary rehabilitation of children with congenital maxillofacial pathology.


Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of seed size (large, medium and small), salinity (osmotic potentials of 0, -0.3, -0.6 and -0.9 MPa) and their interaction effect on germination and heterotrophic seedling growth of two chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivars, Jam and Kaka. Total (G mx ), rate (R50), uniformity (GU) and time lag (D10) of germination, were not affected by seed size, but all of the traits were affected by salinity to differing extents. G mx was the most tolerant and GU was the most sensitive in response to salinity. Seedlings from large seeds had greater root (RTL) and shoot (STL) lengths and seedling growth rate (SLGR) than those from small seeds. These seedlings utilized seed reserves at a faster rate; however, conversion efficiency of seed reserves into plant tissue (SRUE) was the same regardless of seed size. The advantage of large seeds was a result of their ability to provide energy more rapidly to the growing seedlings. Decreasing osmotic potential (OP) progressively decreased RTL, STL and SLGR. Decrease in SLGR was a result of a progressive decrease in seed reserve utilization rate (SRUR) as affected by OP, but SRUE was decreased only at -0.9 MPa. The cultivar x OP interaction was significant for G mx , R50, D10, RTL, STL and SRUR; Kaka was more susceptible to salinity than Jam. There was a significant OP x seed size interaction for RTL, STL and SLGR. Under non-saline conditions, large seeds were superior, but declining OP exhausted this advantage, so that there was no significant difference between large, medium and small seeds at OPs of -0.6 and -0.9 MPa. It was concluded that the use of large seed would be an advantage in producing more vigorous seedlings of chickpea in non-saline condition. Under saline conditions, seed grading does not result in more vigorous seedlings.


The subjects chosen for study were twen ty-nine children who attended the nursery schools of the Child Development Institute, Teachers College, Columbia University. They included seventeen children from the younger nursery school group ranging in age from eighteen to thirty-four months and twelve children from the older group ranging in age from thirty-four to forty-eight months. A total of twenty-four five minute records of observation was made on each of twenty-nine children during the free play period when their activity was relatively free from adult interference. In the nursery school this period extended from nine to eleven o'clock in the morning. In addition to these rec ords, twenty-four five minute observations were made on each of seventeen children in the younger group during routines such as the eating, toilet, and nap situations when the activity of the children was directed by adults. A total of 1,104 five minute rec ords comprised the data of the study. In order to obtain a representative sam ple of each child's behavior, the records were compiled under specified conditions. For example, the observation periods were rotat ed, thus avoiding the possibility of piling up records for any one child at one hour of the day. All records of free play were made out-of-doors and all records of routine ac tivities, indoors. Half of the outdoor rec ords were made during the first hour of the morning and half during the second hour. Not more than two records were made for a par ticular child in one day. No record of free play was made unless at least four children were present.


The work investigated the shape and orientation of oxygen vacancy clusters in HfO2-base resistive random access memory (ReRAM) by using the first-principle method based on the density functional theory. Firstly, the formation energy of different local Vo clusters was calculated in four established orientation systems. Then, the optimized orientation and charger conductor shape were identified by comparing the isosurface plots of partial charge density, formation energy, and the highest isosurface value of oxygen vacancy. The calculated results revealed that the [010] orientation was the optimal migration path of Vo, and the shape of system D4 was the best charge conductor in HfO2, which effectively influenced the SET voltage, formation voltage and the ON/OFF ratio of the device. Afterwards, the PDOS of Hf near Vo and total density of states of the system D4_010 were obtained, revealing the composition of charge conductor was oxygen vacancy instead of metal Hf. Furthermore, the migration barriers of the Vo...


Objective(s): To determine the causal relationship between exposure to early hyperoxaemia and death/disability in infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Study design: We analyzed data from the Infant Cooling Evaluation (ICE) trial that enrolled newborns [≥]35 weeks' gestation with moderate-severe HIE, randomly allocated to hypothermia or normothermia. The primary outcome was death or major sensorineural disability at 2 years. We included infants with arterial pO2 measured within 2 h of birth. Using a directed acyclic graph, we established that markers of severity of perinatal hypoxia-ischemia and pCO2 were a minimally sufficient set of variables for adjustment in a regression model to estimate the causal relationship between arterial pO2 and death/disability. Results: Among 221 infants, 116 (56%) had arterial pO2 and primary outcome data. The unadjusted analysis revealed a U-shaped relationship between arterial pO2 and death/disability. Among hyperoxaemic infants (pO2 100-500 mmHg) the risk of death/disability was 40/58 (0.69), while the risk in normoxaemic infants (pO2 40-99mmHg) was 20/48 (0.42). In the adjusted model, hyperoxaemia increased the risk of death/disability (adjusted risk ratio 1.61, 95% CI 1.07 - 2.00, p= 0.03) in relation to normoxaemia. Conclusions: Early hyperoxaemia increased the risk of death/disability among infants who had an early arterial pO2 in the ICE trial. Limitations include the possibility of residual confounding and other causal biases. Further work is warranted to confirm this relationship in the era of routine therapeutic hypothermia.


This report documents a model, FRACPORT, that simulates the transport of a solute through a fractured porous matrix. The model should be useful in analyzing the possible transport of radionuclides from shallow-land burial sites in humid environments. The use of the model is restricted to transport through saturated zones. The report first discusses the general modeling approach used, which is based on the Integrated Compartmental Method. The basic equations of solute transport are then presented. The model, which assumes a known water velocity field, solves these equations on two different time scales; one related to rapid transport of solute along fractures and the other related to slower transport through the porous matrix. FRACPORT is validated by application to a simple example of fractured porous medium transport that has previously been analyzed by other methods. Then its utility is demonstrated in analyzing more complex cases of pulses of solute into a fractured matrix. The report serves as a user's guide to FRACPORT. A detailed description of data input, along with a listing of input for a sample problem, is provided. 16 references, 18 figures, 3 tables.


Nowadays, the development of a new open architecture for Analog-to-Information Conversion (AIC) represents an open field of research. This paper presents the preliminary exploration of two AIC architectures concerning Non-Uniform Sampling (NUS), and a derivation of it, called Non-Uniform Wavelet Band-pass Sampling (NUWBS). To this goal, based of the existing mathematical models of these AIC architectures, a numerical investigation has been carried out in order to assess their capabilities in terms of Compressed Sensing (CS) framework for spectrum analysis. By considering non-idealities such as random jitter and noise affecting the AIC architectures, an evaluation of two Figures-of-Merit (FoM) has been accomplished. The obtained results highlight that from a hardware implementation point of view of both AIC architectures, the NUWBS is not restricted to use control signals for the NUS process at the Nyquist rates, as in case of NUS AIC architecture. Moreover, the reported results indicate that the NUWBS AIC architecture is advantageous for the future Wideband Spectrum Sensing (WSS) applications, such as those required in case of Cognitive Radios (CR) for 5G telecommunications and for Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices.


Dear Editor, Skin symptoms are observed in 0.19%– 20.45% of COVID19 patients.1 Cutaneous manifestations associated with COVID19 include chilblainlike lesions (40.2%), maculopapular lesions (22.7%), urticarial lesions (8.9%), vesicular lesions (6.4%), livedoid and necrotic lesions (2.8%), and others (19.8%).1 We herein report maculopapular skin rash in a patient with COVID19, in which the SARSCoV2 spike protein was identified. An 89yearold man, who was not vaccinated for SARSCoV2, presented with fatigue, fever, and emesis 2 days before. Based on a positive nasopharyngeal PCR test for SARSCoV2 and chest computed tomography, a diagnosis of COVID19 was made with an age, dehydration, respiration, disorientation, blood pressure (ADROP ) score of 2. The patient was admitted to our hospital and treatment with favipiravir was initiated. Antibiotics were not administered. The next day of admission, skin rash developed on his trunk. At dermatological presentation, slightly palpable erythema and reddish papules were distributed on his neck, trunk, and limbs (Figure 1a). Mucosae were not affected. Laboratory workup showed a slight increase in CRP (2.36 mg/dL). Blood and sputum cultures were not performed. Biopsy specimen taken from macular eruption revealed spongiosis with exocytosis of lymphocytes, liquefaction degeneration, and perivascular infiltration of lymphocytes and histiocytes in the upper dermis (Figure 1b). Cellular infiltrate was inconspicuous around the eccrine secretory glands, dermal ducts, and acrosyringia. Neither vasculitis nor thrombosis was observed. Immunohistochemical analysis using an antibody to SARSCoV2 spike protein (clone: 1A9; GeneTex) showed positive perinuclear staining in dermal vascular endothelial cells (Figure 1c), secretory cells of eccrine gland (Figure 1f), and inner cells of dermal ducts (Figure 1e), and acrosyringia (Figure 1d). Skin symptoms were treated with topical steroid combined with oral antihistamines and disappeared in about 10 days. Tenday treatment with favipiravir ameliorated his general condition, and he was discharged 16 days after admission. Chilblainlike eruption is wellknown COVID19related skin condition.2 Santonja et al. found SARSCoV2 spike protein expression in blood vessel endothelium and sweat gland epithelium in COVID19 chilblainlike skin lesions.3 On the other hand, while maculopapular lesions are also common COVID19 skin manifestation,1 expression of SARSCoV2 spike protein in the lesional skin is totally unknown. In our case, biopsy specimen was obtained from macular rash. As a result, SARSCoV2 spike protein was identified in dermal vascular endothelial cells as well as eccrine secretory glands, dermal ducts, and acrosyringia. Thus, this is the first report demonstrating the presence of SARSCoV2 spike protein in maculopapulartype rash. Using COVID19 patients' skin samples, it is reported that SARSCoV2 readily infects sweat gland Krt7+ secretory luminal cells coexpressing angiotensinconverting enzyme 2 and transmembrane protease serine 2.4 SARSCoV2 infection in eccrine glands may result in the excretion of viruses and viral proteins into sweat.4 However, SARSCoV2 was not detected in the perspiration of COVID19 patients, albeit the examined patients did not have skin rash.5 Extensive SARSCoV2 viral protein expression in our case suggests the possibility that the viruses may be egested to the skin surface via sweating. Further studies are warranted to explore the presence or absence of viruses in the perspiration of COVID19 patients, especially those with maculopapular rash.


This paper aims to study how Facebook use influences individual well-being. We use a survey conducted on a representative sample of 2,000 French Facebook users. Our results show that Facebook interferes with subjective well-being through its effects on friendships and self-esteem. Hence we find a positive relation between receiving a great number of Likes and comments from Facebook friends and the level of life satisfaction. By contrast, people that would like to receive more Likes tend to be more unsatisfied with their life. The latter result suggests that Facebook use can exacerbate frustration and envy. Finally, the time spent on Facebook, the intensity of online interactions as well as the number of Facebook friends have no direct impact on life satisfaction. All these findings underlines the ambivalence of Facebook use with both positive and negative psychological effects on well-being.


Surface‐channel charge‐coupled devices (CCD's) have been fabricated with ultralow density of (fast) interface states in the range 1–3×108/cm2 eV. This low interface state density is achieved by hydrogen implantation into the metal‐nitride‐oxide‐silicon (MNOS) insulator structure of the CCD as the final fabrication step after aluminum interconnect metallization. The CCD's are shown to have excellent operating characteristics including high transfer efficiency (∼0.99995 without bias charge), low dark current (0.25–0.50 nA/cm2 at 20°C), and high signal charge capacity (1.55×1012 e/cm2 for 10‐V clock swing).Surface‐channel charge‐coupled devices (CCD's) have been fabricated with ultralow density of (fast) interface states in the range 1–3×108/cm2 eV. This low interface state density is achieved by hydrogen implantation into the metal‐nitride‐oxide‐silicon (MNOS) insulator structure of the CCD as the final fabrication step after aluminum interconnect metallization. The CCD's are shown to have excellent operating characteristics including high transfer efficiency (∼0.99995 without bias charge), low dark current (0.25–0.50 nA/cm2 at 20°C), and high signal charge capacity (1.55×1012 e/cm2 for 10‐V clock swing).


Window sharing permits simultaneous presentation of information on multiple workstations. As a ubiquitous capability, it requires a virtual terminal standard that is in widespread use. Ways in which window sharing can affect the definition of a virtual terminal protocol are considered. Guidelines are offered to suggest how a virtual terminal protocol might best accommodate window sharing. The guidelines address the need to support extra-application communication, such as annotation; the need to encourage application-relative references; the need to avoid autonomous output from the virtual terminal; and the need to maintain the state of the shared windows.<<ETX>>


A new adaptive damping controller is designed by integrating backstepping method with sliding mode control theory.According to the backstepping approach,Lyapunov function is constructed step by step.Constructing a virtual control signal,the adaptive law of damping coefficient is given,and a new sliding surface is designed.The whole control law is obtained by applying backstepping and sliding variable structure theory and the disturbance is attenuated.Simulation of the two-area four-generator system shows that the system damping is improved significantly,and the sustained oscillation is restrained availably in serious fault by the adaptive damping controller.


The kinetics of SNAr reactions of some 2-bromo-3-X-5-nitrothiophenes (X = Me, H, Br, CONH2, CO2Me, COMe, SO2Me, CN and NO2) with some primary (n-butylamine and benzylamine) and secondary (pyrrolidine, piperidine, morpholine and N-benzylamine) amines have been measured in benzene as a function of nucleophile concentration. Most of the reactions studied show apparent kinetic constants little affected or not affected by an increase in amine concentration, indicating that the overall reaction rate is controlled by the formation of the reaction intermediate. The reactions of the substrates where X = Br and CN with the two primary amines proved to be base-catalysed. The k3B/k−1 values calculated for these substituents are inconsistent with the hypothesis of a base catalysis for the intermediate decomposition and strongly suggest a catalysis
of the first step of the reaction pathway.


Referring to calculation manual of European and American steel structures,according to deformation and coordination condition of end-plate connection,it deduces the calculation formula of bolts pry force of end-plate connection and joint flexural capacity,and draws some useful conclusions,which has provided theoretical basis for further study and analysis on end-plate connection joints.


Twenty-seven Greek aged red wines were evaluated for their colour characteristics using well-established spectrophotometric methodology. Further, the analytical anthocyanin composition was assayed employing reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography HPLC with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD). As additional parameters for the interpretation of differences observed between wines, the total phenol (TP) and total flavanol (TF) contents were also determined. Total anthocyanin (TA) content varied from 44.3 mg l -1 to 363.1 mg l -1 as determined spectrophotometrically, whereas the HPLC analyses showed that monomeric anthocyanin content was from 0.0 mg l -1 to 203.8 mg l -1 . Coloured (ionised) anthocyanin content ranged from 2.3 mg l -1 to 37.2 mg l -1 . On average, 9.7% of the anthocyanins were found to be co-pigmented and 66.4% polymerised. In addition, it was observed that the chemical age of the wines was correlated with - log(TA HPLC /TP) but less so with - log(TA HPLC /TF).


In order to solve the problem of high calibration precision in the existing estimation model of corneal parameters, a method of corneal parameter estimation based on minimum error method is proposed in this paper. First, a single camera and dual light source system is built to get the human eye image. And then the center points of the Purkinje spots can be located from the image. The coordinates of the center points is used as the input parameter of the model. Then the radius of the cornea is estimated and substituted into the corneal estimation model. Finally, the center of corneal curvature can be obtained according to the constraint condition. Experimental results show that this method has high precision and strong robustness.


Aiming to solve the problems of the poor uniformity of seed flow discharge and serious damage of traditional straight grooved wheels to improve the performance of air-assisted maize high-speed precision seed metering devices, a staggering symmetrical spiral grooved feeding wheel with maize seeds was designed. To explore the influence of the spiral groove inclination angle and the length of the staggered symmetrical spiral groove feed wheel on the uniformity of seed flow discharge, the spiral groove length l and the spiral groove inclination angle ρ were used as the experimental factors, and the variation coefficient of the increase in seed, a full-factor simulation test was carried out for the test indicators, and it was found that both the inclination angle and the length of the spiral groove have an influence on the uniformity of seed flow discharge, and the influence of the inclination angle of the groove is more significant. Comparing the force of a single seed in the traditional straight grooved wheel and that of the spiral feeding wheel, it is found that the staggered symmetrical spiral grooved feeding wheel can reduce the damage of seed fertilizer. Through a bench test, the spiral groove length was found to be 50 mm, and the groove inclination angles are 30°, 45° and 90°. The test results show the variation trend and simulation results of the fluctuating coefficient of variation of the seed flow discharge in the bench test. The trend of change is basically the same. The inclination angle of the spiral groove is 45° and the uniformity of seed flow discharge is the best when the groove length is 50 mm, indicating that this structure can effectively improve the uniformity of material discharge, and the variation coefficient of seed flow discharge fluctuation is 3.12% and the seed breakage rate is 0.69%. Through the seeding performance test, it is verified that the staggered symmetrical spiral grooved feeding wheel can improve the seeding performance of the pneumatic high-speed precision metering device. When the metering device runs smoothly, the qualified rate reaches more than 90%, and the leakage rate is reduced to 0%. Therefore, the results of this study can provide a reference for research on uniform seeding, drill seeding and the uniform application of granular fertilizer.


569 Background: Pathological complete response following NAC is associated with improved survival. CESP is a novel algorithm derived from the GEICAM 2006-03 clinical trial which is based on the ass...


Whitney type examples of maps $f\in C^k(\real^m,\real^n)$ for a maximal possible real $k$, and multidimensional space-filling curves with special properties are constructed.


The article covers the criteria related to the level and subject area of training, the use of taxonomy Blumba during the formation of competence. The example of the classification of general competencies is provided, main categories of key competencies are reviewed.


An antibody-based biosensor has been developed at the Naval Research Laboratory which is capable of detecting both drugs and explosives present at low levels in an aqueous sample. In the flow immunosensor, antibodies are immobilized onto a solid substrate, allowed to bind a fluorescently labeled signal molecule, placed in a small column and attached to a buffer flow. Upon sample introduction, an amount of the fluorescent signal molecule is released that is proportional to the concentration of applied sample. The response time of the sensor is under a minute, and multiple samples can be analyzed without the need for additional reagents. Quantitative assays are being developed for a variety of compounds, including TNT, DNT, PETN, and cocaine. The laboratory prototype has been used to study how choice of fluorophore, antibody density, and flow rate affect the signal intensity and column lifetime. A self-contained commercial instrument which can analyze up to seven different compounds from a single sample is currently being engineered under a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement.


Eleanor of Aquitaine was one of the wealthiest and most powerful women in European High Middle Ages. There never has been another queen like her. Unlike many other women of the Middle Ages, she was very well educated. She was the first Queen went on Crusade to the Holy Land. She had an eventful life: Two marriage with ten children, Crusades, wars and rebellions, captivity and finally, a life of contemplation in an Abbey. She was an important figure in the culture of the High Middle Ages and she was instrumental in the defining and changing of values such as chivalry and love. She was the wife of two king and mother of Richard the Lionheart and King John.As a result, the purpose of this paper is to examine the role and effects of Eleanor of Aquitaine as a political, social and culturel figure of Europe during the High Middle Ages.


ABSTRACT This is the first description of 3rd and 4th instars of Anopheles (Cellia) carnevalei. Adults were caught in the mainland region (Rio Muni) of Equatorial Guinea. Larvae present characteristic palmate setae different from Anopheles nili.


This paper present the detailed design and the algorithm for forward link ACM(Adaptive Coding & Modulation) system to improve the link availability and system throughput in satellite communication services. To implement ACM system, the channel prediction and MODCOD decision methods is simulated. The channel prediction result shows that the 99% of predicted values in LMS(Least Mean Square) algorithm is within 3dB. Also this paper proposes the appropriate system architecture for ACM transmission.


Abstract This paper discusses an aspect of empowerment in relation to the central human capabilities for women with FGM/C in the diaspora. Many women who have undergone the practice of FGM/C come from societies where gender inequalities and gender-based discrimination between men and women persist, which compromises their capabilities, and many find themselves in vulnerable positions in their relationships with men, at work and in their everyday-life. The participants in this study however appeared somehow to have been empowered through certain health-promoting activities where they exercised agency in the western social context, they reside in. This paper examines the empowerment gained by the migrant women with FGM/C after participating in health-promoting activities. We compared this form of empowerment to the reinforcement of their capabilities according to Nussbaum's central human capabilities. Drawing on Nussbaum's list as a starting point we explore the relationship between capabilities and empowerment. We found that some central human capabilities appeared to be reinforced through health-promoting activities, whereas issues relating to asylum seeking became a determinant of empowerment in the women's own terms. Although the activities aimed to empower women, the participants themselves felt that they would only truly be empowered if they obtained full citizenship.


This presentation will describe the process by which the interface was designed for an information system that's accessed by means of an address. An address-indexed system is used when service is being established for a specific address and there is no account number to use to access records associated with the address. It is necessary to verify that the address is accurate and to know what service or facilities already exist there. The system I'm going to describe is for the telephone company but it could as easily serve the needs of any company or organization which provides service and equipment at specific addresses such as the gas company, cable television company, or a municipal government. The design of this system posed some special human-computer interaction problems. Access to records by means of an address is not as straightforward as access by means of an account number or even a customer name. Addresses are highly variable. In some communities the same street may be known by more than one name and both may be acceptable to the Post Office. In rural areas there are frequently no house numbers and often there are not even street names. One approach to handling address variability is to provide prompting and to design a highly interactive system. Another approach is to create some type of standardization and attempt to impose it on your users. Our design provides both and both will be described. Naturally, the interface had to be designed within a set of constraints. The system was to be on a single centralized large mainframe computer. It would be used by service representatives who would be talking to customers on the telephone at the same time they were accessing the system. We needed fast response time. During busy hours during peak periods of the month there might be thousands of service representatives accessing the system at the same time. There are many components of end user response time. Transaction volume is one of them. This meant that in designing this interactive system we had to keep the number of transactions down, that is, minimize the number of interactions. This presentation will describe how these problems have been resolved in the five years that this system has been evolving. Examples of the challenges and oddities we've encountered will be drawn from our experiences in mechanizing rural addresses and multi-family residences. The process described includes some prototyping, experimentation where possible, and a lot of trial and error with frequent field evaluations. The process also includes a lot of teamwork between the software designers and the human factors designers.


Aim. To summarize the list of medicines that can be used at various stages of the treatment of burn disease and wound healing at the hospital stage in the military personnel; conduct the marketing analysis of the Ukrainian market of these medicines in order to determine the feasibility of creating an ointment for the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases and burns.
Materials and methods. The study objects were the "State Register of Medicinal Products of Ukraine" information and search system and the Compendium. When conducting our studies the following scientific and system-review methods of the information search were used: bibliographic, documentary, content analysis, comparison method, system analysis, marketing research.
Results. As a result of the study of the range of drugs for wound healing presented at the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine, it has been found that 64 % are drugs of the Ukrainian production, foreign drugs are 36 %. The distribution of soft drug forms registered in Ukraine has been carried out by pharmacological groups; it has been found that the percentage of antimicrobial and antifungal drugs is almost the same (15.8 % and 15.2 %, respectively). Steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs predominate over nonsteroidal ones (14.9 % and 11.4 %, respectively). The studies conducted have shown that at the domestic market there are many drugs of foreign production, which have no Ukrainian analogs. The marketing research has shown that combined drugs are more effective for the treatment of burns. They act simultaneously in several directions and facilitate the healing process. Among the drugs considered combined medicines occupy 42 %, while the share of monocomponent drugs is 58 %. The amount of synthetic drugs is 88 % and significantly exceeds the number of herbal medicines (12 %).
Conclusions. The concept and methodology for the treatment of burns are summarized. It has been determined that the drugs of choice are complex soft drug forms. As a result of the marketing research on the structure and nomenclature of soft drug forms it has been found that at the domestic pharmaceutical market soft drug forms of foreign production is 36 %, and domestic ones – 64 %. It has been determined that the number of drugs for local wound healing is about 6 % of the total range of soft drug forms and presented mainly by monocomponent drugs (58 %). The analysis of the range of drugs with the anti-burn and antiseptic action by dosage forms has shown that ointments are the largest share – 67%, drugs in the form of creams – 18%.
Key words: marketing analysis; servicemen; burn disease; wound process; hospital stage of treatment.


The rapid advancement of Fourth Generation (4G) and Long Term Evolution (LTE) Wireless Technologies are set to revolutionize the healthcare system. The Mobile-Health (m- Health) platform integrates vital signs monitoring medical sensors based on Body Area Network (BAN); mobile processing, computing & retrieving using telecommunication technologies to provide medical services on demand anywhere. This review paper deals with Wireless Technologies, Body Area Networks, Wearable & Implantable Medical Sensors, and Medical Image retrieval focusing on concepts, systems and technologies for 4G Mobile Health.


Objective To explore the status quo of sexual education for adolescents from single-parent families in Jilin city.Methods A survey of 200single-parent adolescents and 200two-parent adolescents was conducted in six schools of Jilin city.Results Most of subjects had a few sexual knowledge of puberty,but quite a few subjects had little knowledge about human physiology,particularly among single-parent adolescents.Compared with two-parent teenagers,single-parent adolescents received fewer knowledge from their parents.The single-parent adolescents were more likely to accept puppy love,sex education and sexual behavior before marriage than the two-parent adolescents.The difference between them was statistically significant(P0.01).Conclusions It is very important to know about the current sexual knowledge,attitudes and behavior among adolescents so that we can design effective intervention program.Adolescent sexual education deserves great attention of the whole society,especially that for single-parent adolescents.


Pulmonary, neurological, neurodevelopmental, orthopedic, and other comorbidities that restrict functionality are frequently observed in pediatric patients who undergo cardiac surgery for congenital heart disease. Of the 4265 pediatric patients who underwent cardiac surgery, 42.9% of the patients were admitted to intensive care units because of respiratory problems. Decreased exercise capacity in patients with congenital heart disease is an independent factor that causes hospitalization and/or mortality. Cardiac and pulmonary rehabilitation programs for adults have been widely applied in cardiac patients and are often recommended in guidelines because of their beneficial effects. Studies showed that in addition to increasing oxygen consumption and exercise capacity, cardiopulmonary rehabilitation also reduces mortality, morbidity, and healthcare costs and improves quality of life. Therefore, in pediatric hospitalized patients in intensive care units, cardiopulmonary rehabilitation is important for their survival and reduction of mortality and morbidity and is also becoming increasingly important in our country. Cardiopulmonary rehabilitation includes positioning, mobilization, airway clearance techniques, non-invasive mechanical ventilation, weaning, exercise, electrical stimulation, and respiratory muscle training in children who underwent cardiac surgery.


The article discusses the change of the determinants of development in the Russian northern cities in the situation of the open economy. Due to stagnation of the soviet model of industrialization and territorial-economic planning the impact of extra-economic factors of the development of the Russian urban network is growing. The article studies a range of such factors connected with resources diversification of the northern mono-cities and increase in inter-regional migration. It is proposed that the quality of migration turnout impacts greatly the dynamics of the northern cities development.


Objective To investigate transvaginal ultrasonography and color Doppler sonography for diagnosis value of adnexal masses in postmenopausal women.Methods Transvaginal ultrasonography and color Doppler sonography were performed in 81 postmenopausal women with adnexal masses,which were analysed benign and malignant by ultrasound morphology and resistance index(RI).Results The diameter of adnexal masses≥100 mm had more malignant risk than those100 mm.The cystic and solid lesions,separation of structure,bilateral,rough surface and the inner layer of the wall,abdominal dropsy and low resistance index of adnexal masses had more malignant risk.Conclusion Transvaginal sonography and color Doppler ultrasonography may be the initial judge the charater of benign and malignant adnexal mass after menopause.


In this paper, a combination of Neural Networks and Genetic Algorithms have been used to Predict and maximize Lemon Grass Oil Production. The best combinations could be assessed for N+P2O5+ZnSO4 (Kgha-1) as 89.03 + 60.00 + 40.65, 114.84 + 60.00+33.39, 120.00 + 54.84 + 42.10 and 120.00 + 60.00+45.00 respectively for maximum oil production. Contribution of each nutrient combinations is also identified.


Zone routing protocol (ZRP) is a most promising and widely accepted and well proved hybrid routing protocol in mobile ad-hoc networks ( MANETs) for its performance when compared with table-driven and on-demand protocols. In this paper, we propose a new routing protocol called genetic zone routing protocol (GZRP) which is the extension of ZRP by using genetic algorithm (GA). There are studies related to performance analysis of ZRP based on various environmental factors like packet delivery ratio (PDR), total overhead and delay by varying the mobility of the nodes in the ad hoc network. Our study uses GA on ZRP to provide a limited set of alternative routes to the destination in order to load balance the network and robustness during node/link failure. The paper produces the results of studies related to performance of new routing protocol with respect to PDR, total overhead and delay while varying the mobility of the nodes.


Microstructure and mechanical properties of 93W -4. 9Ni -2. 1Fe alloys after swaging treatment were investigated in order to find the effect of deformation strengthening technique on properties of 93 W -4. 9Ni -2. 1Fe alloys. Microstructure morphology and size were analysed by SEM and TEM. The experimental results showed that high-density dislocations in tungsten grains and deformed strip W grains after swaging. And high-density dislocations were also found in binder phase. Swaged 93W -4. 9Ni -2. 1Fe alloys exhibited not ?only high strength, but also certain ductility. The mechanical properties of swaged tungsten heavy alloy were found to be mainly dependent on the deformation amount and distribution of binder phase.


Abstract Background Salmonella spp. Infections are a significant cause of morbidity in children in the United States. Contemporary clinical and microbiological characteristics of pediatric Salmonella infections in urban cities are not well described. Methods We used a retrospective chart review of records (0-18 years of age) from a network of hospitals (n=11) in Houston, TX. Only patients with Salmonella spp. isolated from clinical samples in 2019 and 2020 were included. Demographic, clinical, and microbiological data were extracted from the medical record. Results A total of 35 pediatric cases of Salmonella spp infection were identified over the two-year period. Median age was 1.6 years with over one-third (13/35, 37.1%) under one year (Table 1). Nearly half (15/35, 42.9%) of patients required hospitalization with a median length of stay of 2 days. From cases with available clinical data (n=31), most common symptoms were fever (22/31, 71%) and bloody diarrhea (21/31, 67.7%) (Table 2). Bacteremia was detected in 17.1% (6/35) of cases (Table 3). Exposure history was elicited in 29% (9/31) of cases with foreign travel being most common risk factor (Table 2). All speciated isolates were Salmonella enterica with the majority (24/29, 82.8%) subspecies enterica. Of 24 samples with serotype information, the most common was infantis (Table 3). A single isolate was resistant to all antibiotics tested except meropenem (Table 3) and was recovered from a patient after travel to Pakistan. Nearly half of patients (15/31, 48.4%) received definitive therapy with a third generation cephalosporin antibiotic. Complications were rare and included septic arthritis/osteomyelitis (n=1), UTI (n=3), coagulopathy (n=1), and hepatitis (n=1). Conclusion Salmonella spp. Infections were common in the Houston metropolitan area over the 2-year period and occurred primarily in young children. Foreign travel seems to be a major risk factor for acquisition of this infection in children. For the first time, the identification of a multi-drug resistant Salmonella isolate suggests that this phenotype is likely to increase and highlights the importance of ongoing surveillance. Disclosures Anthony R. Flores, MD, MPH, PhD, Nothing to disclose Cesar A. Arias, M.D., MSc, Ph.D., FIDSA, Entasis Therapeutics (Grant/Research Support)MeMed Diagnostics (Grant/Research Support)Merk (Grant/Research Support)


By using PrimerExplorer V3 software,a series of specific primers were designed based on the nucleotide sequences of goose parvovirus(GPV)VP3 gene available in GenBank.These primers targeted 6 distinct conserved sequences of VP3 gene,and serve primers to perform a loop-mediated isothermal amplification(LAMP).These primers were used to establish rapid LAMP detection of GPV.The results showed the LAMP method specifically amplified GPV but not other common avian disease DNA viruses;The method was 100 times more sensitive than the conventional PCR method.The amplification could be finished within 1.5 h with good specificity and high sensitivity.With the addition of SYBR GREEN dye in the reaction mixture,the results could be differentiated by naked eyes.The results also proved that LAMP method is a reliable and accurate assay for rapid detection of goose parvovirus.This assay offers a new technique and alternative for detecting goose parvovirus.


FIELD: measurement equipment. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to delta-sigma-DAC having a possibility of converting a digital input signal to a binary output signal, which is discrete as to time in accordance with clock pulses. Delta-sigma-DAC is made so that during operation it shapes an output signal by series connection of reference signals of a pack of reference signals; with that, each of the reference signals of the pack is binary, discrete as to time according to clock pulses and duration of cycle of the reference signal comprises several clock pulses. At least two reference signals of the pack differ from each other by an average value of the reference signal, which is formed on the corresponding length of the cycle of the reference signal; with that, each of the reference signals of the pack has the same number of fronts. EFFECT: improving conversion accuracy. 25 cl, 7 dwg


The invention relates to an extraction and enrichment method of fritillaria total alkaloids, comprising the following steps of: first, taking fritillaria, extracting with hydrochloric acid with the mass fraction of 0.5-2%, concentrating the extracting solution, centrifuging the concentrated solution, taking the supernatant; second, regulating the pH of the supernatant to 8-11, extracting with dichloromethane, collecting the dichloromethane, recovering the solvent until dried to obtain the total alkaloid crude extract; and third, dissolving the total alkaloid crude extract with hydrochloric acid with the mass fraction of 0.5-2%, regulating the pH to 8-11, taking the loading solution, enabling the loading solution to pass through HPD100 type or HPD722 type macroporous resin columns, washing with water until the eluent is colorless and represents negative shown by sugar detecting reaction, eluting with ethanol with the volume fraction of 90-95% until the eluent represents negative shown by alkaloid detecting reaction, collecting the ethanol eluent, and recovering the solvent until dried to obtain the total alkaloid extract. By the extraction and enrichment method of fritillaria total alkaloids provided by the invention, the purity of the obtained fritillaria total alkaloids is high.


An experiment was conducted to measure the vertical distribution of LAI, sheath material and light in canopies of two contrasting perennial ryegrass varieties, S23 and Ba6280. In addition, the time course of DM production and LAI accumulation were measured over various periods of regrowth after defoliation. Considerable differences existed between these two varieties in canopy structure, light interception, LAI and crop growth-rate over various periods of regrowth. The results offer explanations for intervarietal differences in productivity and differential responses to various cutting frequencies. A description is given of a technique for measuring the vertical distribution of herhage in a grass canopy.


To study the intraspecific competition and its influence on these species, Dactilys glomerata and Lolium perene were cropped in pure culture and mixtures.Research was carried out at ICDP Brasov, on a chernozem soil, well supplied in NPK minerals. Dressing was uniform for both crops and it consists in 100 kg N/ha applied integrally in spring, 50 kg P 2 O 5 /ha and 50 kg K 2 O/ha applied at the crop establishment. To asses the competition between these species it was determined the number of tillers, dynamic of tiller formation, morphological structure of tillers, specific weight, dynamic of DM accumulation during the first growth and vegetation period. It showed the existence of higher intraspecific competition for an only variety. Variety mixtures contribute at the better utilization of nutrition surface and improvement of photosynthetic efficiency, which influences the biomass production.


There are various factors that may affect a patient's blood coagulability, ranging from dietary intake and disease process to drug interactions. For this reason, the nurse needs to consider the following factors in patient assessment:Serum Vitamin K levels. Does the patient have a disease process or is he/she taking an oral medication that may hinder absorption of Vitamin K through disruption of normal intestinal flora? Does the patient maintain an adequate dietary intake of Vitamin K-containing foods?Drug-drug interactions among oral medications. Is the patient presently on a medication which increases the serum concentration of an oral anticoagulent through serum protein binding?Liver function. Is the patient on a drug which either stimulates or depresses liver microsomal enzymes, causing either a potentiated or diminished effect of an oral anticoagulent? Does the patient have a disease process affecting the liver metabolism, causing a decreased effect of the drug?Platelet function. Does the patient have a decrease in platelet count or is he or she on medications which decrease platelet aggregation?


1. Declarations by represcntntives of the Party ;iiid tlic Goveriirncrit have strcsscd equality of opportunity for cacli citizen regardless of his religion. The ultimatc criteria in tlic cvaluation of a workcr are to IJC his work outlay, his capability and his knowlttrlgch, and not his relationship to the Church. S. Tlic propcrtics of thc Catholic Church in the wcstcrii territories wcrc nationalizcd in 1961, and siiicc tlien the Church has been in the position of tciinnt in that arca. Now these properties havc been returncd. Elscwherc in Poland the Church remains the privntc owici of sncrcd objects and of small agricultural plots. 3. Talks betwcon the cpiswpate and the GovcrnInont, long suspended, 1i:ive been rcsumed. 4. There has lieen some Iibcralization in the policy of taxation of thc Church. 5. The policy of granting passports has been liber;ilizcd, and a greater number of permits me now bcing givc~i to priests for trips to non-Communist countries cithcr for scholarly purposes or in conncction with agencies adniinistercd by them.


In topological data analysis and visualization, topological descriptors such as persistence diagrams, merge trees, contour trees, Reeb graphs, and Morse–Smale complexes play an essential role in capturing the shape of scalar field data. We present a state‐of‐the‐art report on scalar field comparison using topological descriptors. We provide a taxonomy of existing approaches based on visualization tasks associated with three categories of data: single fields, time‐varying fields, and ensembles. These tasks include symmetry detection, periodicity detection, key event/feature detection, feature tracking, clustering, and structure statistics. Our main contributions include the formulation of a set of desirable mathematical and computational properties of comparative measures, and the classification of visualization tasks and applications that are enabled by these measures.


Children with allergic rhinitis is due to vital-Qi deificiency and Wei-Qi failing to control and evils attacking,leading to Qi stagnation and body fluid in nose. Modified Xiaochaihu Decoction can both tonify and purg and regulate Qi movement and is the regulating formula. It can make lung dispersing normally and spleen-stomach descending as well as kidney receiving Qi normally,resulting in curing the disease.


This paper analyses valuations of 'good' interdisciplinary research that manifest in research planning workshops. We use ethnographic case data from an interdisciplinary research project on vertical farming to build insight on how differing registers in the valuing of 'good' interdisciplinary research are balanced. The vertical farming project we use as a case includes researchers from sub-disciplines of the life sciences, technology, data science, and human sciences in a Finnish university of applied science (UAS). We use thematic content analysis to identify four core registers of valuing the 'goodness' of research and tensions between the following registers: money, sustainability,  scientific value, and academic identity. These registers largely conform to a statistical-economical regime of academic evaluation, while sustainability draws on RRI principles and the interdisciplinary emphasis on societal problem-solving. The registers are balanced mainly through temporal and conceptual compartmentalisations. Throughout three workshop encounters over the course of a six-month period, a perpetual negotiation of the different registers of valuing 'good' research was taking place, with attempts to avoid exclusionary choices between "money, time, or saving the world".


Submitted for the SHOCK07 Meeting of The American Physical Society Shock-Melting of Tin from Sound Velocities Measurements JIAN BO HU, XIAN MING ZHOU, HUA TAN, Laboratory for Shock Wave and Detonation Physics Research, Institute of Fluid Physics, Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, SHOCK WAVE PHYSICS TEAM — In this paper, an improved reverse-impact technique was used to measure sound velocities of tin at the pressure range of 37GPa ∼ 80GPa, using time-resolved velocity interferometer system for any reflector (VISAR). Bulk and longitudinal sound velocities can be obtained simultaneously by this technique with the precision of about 5% and 2%, respectively. Experimental results are consistent with the thermodynamic calculations for the γ phase of tin. Results also show elastic-plastic transition in the release process disappears gradually and longitudinal sound velocity is changed gradually to bulk sound velocity with Hugoniot stress increasing. In combination with phase diagram of tin, it is suggested that pre-melting is occurred before the bulk melt because of the energy depositing in the grain boundary. Only the location of completely shock-melted state can be determined from sound velocities measurements. Jian Bo Hu Laboratory for Shock Wave and Detonation Physics Research, Institute of Fluid Physics, Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900 Date submitted: 22 Feb 2007 Electronic form version 1.4


Density functional theory calculations show that the formal 16-electron count of d0 [Cp2TiIV(O,O′-BID)]0/1 complexes containing a O,O′-chelated bidentate ligand O,O′-BID of different ring size, is increased via TiO π bonding when both the O donor atoms carry a formal negative charge. The TiO π bonding occurs by symmetry lowering of the complex by either symmetrical (Cs) or unsymmetrical (C2) folding of the O,O′-BID ligand round the O···O axis. An NBO analysis confirms the TiO π charge transfer via back-bonding. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2010


Objective: To identify the clinical and radiological spectrum of the acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) and to make a critical analysis of literature. Patients and method: Prospective revision of patients evaluated in San Jose Hospital Tec of Monterrey between December 2002 and 31of December 2004. Results: Five patients are described, with ages between six and 55 years, with polysintomatic manifestations in single-phase form, related to multiregional cerebral pathology, in white and gray substance by cerebral magnetic resonance (MR). Autoimmunity postinfectious association in two patients is described, postsensitization to strange proteins in another one, and without infectious asso-ciation or postsensitization in the other two. Spectroscopy by magnetic resonance (SMR) application in substitution of the cerebral biopsy in a patient with tumor presentation. The more frequent clinical presentations were motor deficit (100%), ataxia (100%), language alterations (60%), alert status deterioration (60%), cerebellum alterations (40%) and convulsions (40%). The most frequent topography by cerebral MR were fronto/temporo/parietal regions in 80%, basal ganglion (80%) and thalamic injuries (60%). Those patients with alert status alteration had more severe lesional load in white substance and deep gray substance in bihemisphere form. Clinical recurrences of the injuries in the period of pursuit were not observed. Conclusion: A specific biological marker absence and clinical diagnostic guide difficult the differentiation with multiple sclerosis. The most important factors for this distinction are the antecedent of viral prodrome, multiplicity of neurologic symptoms with single-phase course, ataxia beginning in children, a severe lesional load in cerebral MR that involves the white substance and the deep gray, absence of black holes; and, in cephalorrhachidia liquid, absence of oligoclonal bands. The EMR is a useful resource that can avoid the cerebral biopsy in select cases.


A risk factor for the disease under study that is differentially distributed among the groups receiving different interventions in which the disease incidence is being compared is called a confounding factor. Unless the trial is very small, confounding factors are not likely to bias the comparisons between intervention and control groups in randomized trials, as the process of randomization ensures that any such factors, whether known or unknown, will be equally distributed in the different groups (apart from random variation). In studies in which those in the different groups have not been allocated at random, the control of confounding factors is a critical component in the analysis. For example, consider a comparative study of TB incidence in persons who received BCG in a routine vaccination programme and those who were not vaccinated. BCG coverage is often higher in urban areas and, independently of any effect of BCG, those living in urban areas also tend to have a higher incidence of TB because of overcrowding and other environmental factors. In this instance, residential status (rural/urban) could be a confounding factor, and, if it is not taken into account in the analyses, any protective effect of BCG against TB might be underestimated. Consider the hypothetical situation depicted in Table 21.8, which shows the incidence of TB over a 10-year period in BCG-vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals in urban and rural areas.


Position‐specific modifications of the histone H3 have been associated with chromatin‐based transcriptional regulation. Both phosphorylation of histone H3 at Ser 10 (PH3) and insulin/IGF signaling have been implicated in learning and memory. We examined insulin signaling profiles and insulin stimulated PH3 in hippocampal slice cultures. Insulin receptors (β subunit) were abundantly expressed in fiber pathways and co‐localized with the presynaptic marker synapsin. PI3K (p110α) was present in both the nucleus and cytosol, with higher expression detected in cell layers of CA sub‐regions compared to that of the Dentate Gyrus (DG). This was correlated with a higher vulnerability of DG granule neurons to inhibition of endogenous PI3K/Akt, as well as their higher sensitivity to exogenous insulin induced neuroprotection. Insulin/IGF increased PH3‐positive cells in all sub‐regions. Nuclear staining profiles indicated that PH3‐positive cells exhibit variable levels of staining. Proliferative and mitotic cells were intensely stained with a precise correlation between PH3 and chromatin condensation. Inhibitors of MAPK or PI3K, but not actin cytoskeleton, attenuated insulin induced increase in PH3 positive cells. We suggest that the insulin/IGF signaling induced PH3 expression and the associated gene expression and cell proliferation may play a role in neuroprotection after hypoxia/ischemia.


Numerous factors point toward the requirement of a change in the vehicle industry in the Kenyan market, and in the global environment in general. Environmental pollution, lack of efficiency, and high costs of petrol and traditional fuels, are just a few. Looking into options to bring this required change, we find that technology has brought us to a stand-off, whereby although the electric vehicles of today would prevent many of the flaws with traditional fuel driven vehicles, the standard requirements set by drivers; such as long distance travel and regular fuel station stops, would not be met by the electric vehicles. Therefore we need to look at a mix between the benefits of electric and traditional vehicles, and that is the PHEV. This paper covers various aspects in determining the viability of introducing Plugin Hybrid Electric Vehicles into the Kenyan market. The objectives have been categorized into four major aspects including the market viability, the technical viability, the economic viability and lastly a proposed business strategy which should enable quick adaptation into the market. The target of the study is the vehicle distribution agencies in Kenya, and both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods are employed. The data is analyzed using content analysis for the qualitative data and ANOVA for the quantitative data. The results of the data analysis show best practices when introducing PHEVs into the Kenyan market; such as the improvement of the electrical infrastructure, and the partnering with supermarkets to introduce charging stations in their parking lots. These best practices are then translated into a business strategy which is shown in detail. Analysis of various countries which have adapted the idea and brought in PHEVs into the market is then covered showing the feasibility and comparing it with the Kenyan market using the differences in fuel and electricity prices as well as the economy, living standards and environmental factors. Keywords: Transport technology, Plug-in Hybrid electric vehicles


This paper reviews time politics and value ordering theory, and believes that the governance of grassroots community should pay more attention to its timeliness, mainly including sequencing and timing. The rule of self, rule of law, and rule of virtue in rural community should have their sequence of priority in development. They must start from the special time and space environment of each place and seek a timeline and road map conforming to the localization characteristics. The feasible way is to implement rule of law, then rule of virtue, and finally realize the rule of self. It is a process from normalization to consciousness. At the same time, it is needed to find the best time to start the governance, and follow the social rhythm to grasp the rhythm of the governance


An implicit solvent model (ISM) for use in molecular mechanics, Monte Carlo, and molecular dynamics simulations on proteins and nucleic acids is proposed that is based on describing the electrostatic component with a screened Coulomb potential (SCP). The SCP has been extended so that both the electrostatic interaction energies and the self-energy terms are included in the solvation energy where the latter has been calculated from the integral Born equation. In addition, the SCP is generalized to allow an accounting of the positional dependence of the interactions between charges in a dielectric. To test the potential of the method to provide a reliable and fast implicit description of solvent, a parameter set has been determined to calculate hydration free energies of a group of small-molecule analogs for neutral amino acid residues. Comparison of the calculated with experimental hydration energies of 18 molecules yields a correlation greater than 0.99, demonstrating the feasibility of the method to form the basis of an ISM. A parameter set based solely on hydration energies is not sufficient to account for the considerably different physical conditions found for a solute in the protein "solvent." Methods are explored for further generalizing the parameters to account for macromolecular structure, and it is shown that it may be possible to find a positional function of the coordinates that correlates well with the fraction of each amino acid residue buried in the macromolecule. Such a function would reduce computing time by replacing the need for repetitive calculations of the solvent-accessible surface area (and its derivatives in the case of molecular dynamics simulations) with a simple function of the coordinates. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quant Chem 69: 57–64, 1998


The writer (1947) has described the embryology of Lucilia sericata from the time of fertilization to the fusion of the cleavage cells with the periplasm, and the consequent formation of the yolk cells. It is the purpose of this paper to present the stages in the development of the blastoderm (primary epithelium) and to describe the formation and fate of certain associated structures: the yolk cells, the germ cells, and the inner periplasm.