ZHANG, WENWEN. The Study of the Synthesis of a Water Soluble Antimicrobial Polymer. (Under the direction of Stephen Michielsen.) In this study we have tried to synthesize a water soluble antimicrobial polymer in order to produce an effective, reusable and skin friendly antimicrobial fabric while also lowering the production cost. The soluble polymer is a copolymer of acrylic acid, vinyl benzyl chloride, and 4-stryrene sulfonic acid. The antimicrobial agent, Rose Bengal, was expected to attach to the copolymer through a reaction with benzyl chloride, but it was found that this did not occur. Rather, a large amount of free dye was found at the completion of the reactions. To eliminate the free dye, the reaction conditions were adjusted. After testing several methods for quantitatively determining the amount of free dye in our samples, it was found that dialysis provided the best quantitation. The amount of free dye was measured at several points during the polymerization to understand the cause of residual free dye. We believe it is due to competition between –COOH groups on Rose Bengal and on acrylic acid. By modifying the polymerization conditions and the benzyl Rose Bengal monomer synthesis, water soluble and antimicrobial polymer was successfully polymerized with very little free dye remaining. This was accomplished by attaching Rose Bengal to vinyl benzyl chloride. Next this monomer was copolymerized with acrylic acid to enhance its water solubility. While the polymerization was occurring, the reaction mixture was added to an aqueous solution of 4-styrene sulfonic acid and the polymerization continued. © Copyright 2012 by Wenwen Zhang All Rights Reserved The Study of the Synthesis of a Water Soluble Antimicrobial Polymer


Within the past decade, professional organizations interested in making the law better suited to commercial transactions have begun to advocate the proposition that contracting parties should have almost unlimited power to choose the law to govern their relationship. The new choice-of-law framework resulting from these reform efforts will provide parties with an expanded menu of legal regimes from which to choose when drafting their contract and, in turn, will lead to a more frequent use of choice-of-law clauses. Indeed, some have even suggested that omitting such a clause may soon become malpractice for the commercial lawyer. Given both the trend toward permitting unlimited contractual choice of law and the growing popularity of these clauses, it is worth pausing to examine how the judicial system might appropriately respond. In particular, this Article addresses a problem that has thus far been overlooked by both courts and commentators. That problem involves the gains and losses of appellate review of trial court rulings on the law of another state or nation. What, exactly, does judicial review of unsettled questions of foreign law accomplish? What is its price? These questions are of both considerable theoretical interest and immense practical importance. Their resolution calls for an inquiry into the allocation of judicial authority and in its production of outcomes in the real world. The purpose of this Article is to provide an answer to these and other questions. This Article suggests an approach to judicial review that will improve the operation of appellate courts while appropriately distributing authority among all levels of the judiciary. The moving Finger writes, and having writ, moves on. But it my be that having written, what we write is soon ereased.1 I. INTRODUCTION A. Historical Background The principle of "freedom of contract," popular among contract theorists in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, rests on the belief that respect for personal autonomy is a necessary complement to both the liberal political state and a free-market economy.2 More precisely, if the government enforces private agreements voluntarily entered into by parties seeking to order their business and personal affairs, then individual liberty is preserved,3 equality of opportunity is ensured,4 and the maximization of societal wealth can be achieved.5 IMAGE FORMULA19IMAGE FORMULA20 Notwithstanding its waning acceptance,6 freedom of contract has been offered as an appropriate foundational approach to legislation as diverse as the Uniform Computer Information Transactions Act ("U.C.LT.A."),7 the National Labor Relations Act of 1935,8 and state limited liability acts.9 IMAGE FORMULA22 Even more generally, freedom of contract means that parties should be free to choose, as a strategic matter, the legal rules they consider to be most beneficial given their interests.10 The most familiar example of this strategy is a contract term that specifies that the parties' bargain is to be governed by the positive law of a given jurisdiction.11 However, the fact that a policy in favor of enforcing contractual choice-of-law clauses might have significant instrumental value for realizing the right to personal autonomy and other core IMAGE FORMULA24 elements of liberalism12 does not necessarily mean that courts will recognize and protect the parties' choice without restrictions.13 In fact, their unwillingness to do so has had a long history. Indeed, earlytwentieth-century commentators attacked the very concept of party autonomy in choice of law as unacceptable "private legislation."14 After all, they wondered, how could private individuals "displace the law of the place where their acts are done by exercise of any choice of their own? …


Abstract : The effect of earth cover on the far-field fragment density expected from the accidental detonation of stored munitions was estimated by preparing three models of fragment-cover interaction. Comparisons of the theoretical calculations with limited experimental data show that the model wherein the crown of the earth cover does not retard any fragments gives the best agreement. Models for fragment-fragment interaction which effectively account for stack configuration lead to a simplified model for the effective number of munitions contributing to the far-field fragment density. An approximation technique for the rapid calculation of the far-field fragment density was prepared to assist in the ready evaluation of any model. Tentative quantity-distance relationships for four munitions were prepared. Parametric studies of the effect of altered mass distributions and fragment shape were conducted to assess possible differences between accidental detonation source parameters and arena data source parameters.


The invention discloses a solid instant transparent watercolor which comprises a nano pigment paste, pigment powder, cyclodextrin, carrageenin, Kathon, alkylphenol polyoxyethylene, a humectant, sodium polypropionate, vapor-phase silicon dioxide and deionized water. A small amount of nano pigment is added into the formula to substitute part of the common pigment raw material, so that the prepared product has improved service performance and effect without obviously increasing the economic cost of the product. The solid instant transparent watercolor has the advantages of favorable usability, bright color, excellent weather resistance and high chemical stability. The watercolor has the characteristics of favorable solubility, high fineness, smooth painting, high water resistance and the like, and the painting does not fade after the watercolor becomes dry.


A high performance balun bandpass fllter (BPF) with very simple structure is proposed in this letter, this structure realizes superior performance in bandpass flltering meanwhile with good difierential performance of the balun. The proper balanced outputs and BPF characteristic by the symmetric feeding and skew-symmetric feeding have been obtained, and the theory of this simple structure for unbalanced input to balanced outputs has been studied. The center frequency of the fabricated balun-BPF was operated at 2.4GHz with 5.8% fractional bandwidth (FBW), and this frequency is used for Bluetooth and some other communication systems. The difierences between the two outputs are 180 - § 5 - in phase and within 0.39dB in magnitude. At f0, the amplitude imbalanced and phase difierence are within 0.37dB and 179.2 - , respectively. The measured frequency responses agree well with the simulated ones. With the theoretical analyses and practical results, it is shown that the proposed one has the advantages of simple structure, convenient analysis and good performance of both BPF and balun.


We show here successful large-area growth of triangular-shaped ZnO nanoplate arrays on silicon substrates and the investigation of their electron field emission properties. The special geometric-shaped nanoplate emitters have a very large surface area for heat dissipation and large field enhancement factors. These lead to very stable and low-threshold field emission. The fluctuations of the macroscopic current density are less than 1.5%. The threshold macroscopic field is about 4.3 V µm−1 at an emitter–anode gap of 525 µm. The stable electron field emission is ascribed to low local heating effects, originating from the superior heat dissipation ability and the low Joule heating of the sheet-like emitters. Plotting Fowler–Nordheim curves yields straight lines with small deviations at low and high macroscopic fields. The origins of these deviations are discussed. Our experiments demonstrate a promising design for stable and efficient emitters.


A MODEL OF THE HIRSCHSPRUNG´S DISEASE Kivva A.N. 1, Chepurnoy G.I. 1, Panchenko S.N. 1 Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia 1 Rostov State Medical University (Russia, Rostov-on-Don 344022, Nakhichevansky St.29).Email: firstname.lastname@example.com ____________________________________________________________________ To initiate the Hirschsprung´s disease, the outer compartment of the large intestine in rats was incised to remove, along the required length, the seromuscular tunic together with the Auerbach´s plexus, and 5% solution of silver nitrate was applied on the submucous layer of the exposed area (damaging the Meissner´s plexus). A PVC tube was imposed and fixed on the inner compartment of the intestinal wall. Formation of an aganglionic, non-peristaltic, rigid, but viable section of the intestine by damaging of the Auerbach´s and the Meissner´s plexuses allows us to regard this model as pathogenetically valid and suitable for further study of the Hirschsprung´s disease, and to apply the results of the experiments carried out using this model to the clinical practice. Besides, the proposed technique is simple, easily reproducible, and makes it possible to simulate any anatomic form of the Hirschsprung´s disease.


Over 150 low -resolution X -ray spectra obtained during the first 3-week period of satellite Ariel have now been reduced. These measurements illustrate the variations of the shortwavelength 'tail* of the solar X -ray spectrum in both intensity and spectral slope, under non-flare and flare-active conditions. Typical non-flare and flare-enhanced spectra are given in the paper. It is shown that the difficulty in describing the measured intensity of non-flare X-rays in this short-wavelength band, by the emission from a thermalized coronal plasma, may be rem oved by consideration of both line and continuum radiations from one or more discrete hot regions in the corona. An electron temperature of 5 million degrees is consistent with the non-flare emission spectrum typical of 26-27 April 1962. The X -ray enhancement associated writh some chromospheric flares may also be interpreted as the thermal emission of a localized hot region, though the variability in the X-ray emission from one flare to another is quite marked. Three flares are described in detail in the paper, and of these, two appear to be of this 'simple', thermal type. In the third flare an unusually rapid enhancement or X -ray 'burst' occurs about 20 min after the flare commencement. The spectral and time development of this 'burst' are described and the excellent correlation with an impulsive microwave 'burst' and with the onset of the ionospheric effects are noted. The possibility of both microwave and X-ray bursts having a non-thermal origin is discussed.


The main aim of this paper is to systematically analyze the relationships between the optimality of investment decisions and derivatives pricing in a context of an incomplete model. The concept of utility of wealth is used to de…ne the notion of optimality. The focus is on the important links with the classical arbitrage free theory of complete models. To avoid technicalities and at the same time explain the analogies and the di¤erences due to the presence of incompleteness we only consider the exponential utility. Motivated by the same reasons of clarity and simplicity, we introduce incompleteness be means of a simple binomial model with one riskless and two risky assets, of which only one is traded.


Emerging evidences suggest that metformin has a potential antitumor effect both in vitro and in vivo. Increasing epidemiological studies indicate that diabetic patients receiving metformin therapy have lower incidences of cancer and have better survival rates. However, there are limited and inconsistent studies available about the effect of metformin therapy on ovarian cancer (OC). Thus, we conducted this meta-analysis to study the effect of metformin therapy on OC. Meanwhile, we systematically reviewed relevant studies to provide a framework for future research


13.Glynn J , Leon D [Letter] Trends in cerebral palsy in Western Australia. BMJ 1992; 305: 525. 14.Ahlquist RP, Woodbury RA. Influence of drugs, and uterine activity upon uterine blood flow. Fed Proc 1947: 6: 305. 15.Greiss FC, Anderson SG. Uterine blood flow during labour. Clin Obstet Gynecol Quilligan EJ Editor. 1968; 1 1 : 96-109. 16. Bobell U, Fernstrom I, Ohlson L, Wiqvist N. Influence of uterine contractions on the uteroplacental blood flow at term. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1965: 93: 44-57. I7.Janbu T, Nesheirn 6-1. Uterine blood velocities during contractions in pregnancy and labour related to intrauterine pressure. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1987; 94: 1 1 SO1 15.5. 18. Beischer NA, Drew JH, Ashton PW et al. Quality of survival of infants with critical fetal reserve detected by antenatal cardiotocography. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1983; 146: 662-670. 19.Bejar R, Wozniak P, Allard M et al. Antenatal origin of neurologic damage in newborn infants. 1. Preterm infants. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1988; 159: 357-363. 20. Squier M, Keeling JW. The incidence of prenatal brain injury. Neuropath Applied Neurol 1991; 17: 29-38. 2 1. Myers RE. Two patterns of permatal brain damage and their conditions of occurrence. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1972; 112: 246-276. 22. Ennis M, Vincent CA. Obstetric accidents: a review of 64 cases. BMJ 1990: 300: 1365-1367. 23.James CE. The consequences of legal issues that face the obstetrician. In lntrapartum Fetal Surveillance 1993 RCOG Press London. 24.Cheney FW, Posner K, Caplan RA, Ward RJ. Standard of Care and Anesthesia Liability. JAMA 1989; 26 I : 15991603.


There are two central issues at the core of Establishment Clause jurisprudence: (1) the intelligibility of the distinction between the religious and the secular, and (2) the intelligibility of the concept of governmental neutrality. Our interpretive approach to the Establishment Clause depends upon the premise that we can distinguish clearly between religion and non-religion, and upon the premise that government can be truly neutral among different religions and between religion and non-religion. The Christian Right's radicalization of Establishment Clause jurisprudence is the claim that the very attempt to be neutral between religion and non-religion is itself a religious position and thus violates Establishment Clause prohibitions. It is, more specifically, the claim that purported neutrality between the religious and the secular is itself a secular position, that secularism is what the Christian Right calls secular humanism, that secular humanism is itself a religion, that government endorsement and advancement of secular humanism thus contravenes the Establishment Clause, and that, consequently, neutrality itself violates the Establishment Clause. The burden of this paper is to dissect and challenge that radical challenge itself by arguing that because accepting the radicalization of Establishment Clause jurisprudence undermines the intelligibility of the religion clauses, affirming that intelligibility requires rejecting the radical challenge.


This study aims to describe Indonesia ethnomathematics in Malang batik art in mathematics learning of twodimensional figure material. This research is a qualitative-explorative study which explores batik motifs in the form of the twodimensional figure. The data in this research are in the form of data from the study of literature both from documents and electronic media. Also, in the form of recorded interviews related to Malang batik art and observations. The results of this study indicate that: 1) in Malang motifs there is the concept of a two-dimensional figure; and 2) the batik motifs contained in the concept of the two-dimensional figure can be applied in learning with innovative learning models


For decades, the paramount alternative to the Interest Theory of rights has been the Will Theory. This article seeks to strengthen the position of the Interest Theory by discrediting its chief rival. Because the article's main critique of the Will Theory proceeds from premises that do not beg any questions against that theory, it goes further than previous critiques in rebutting all or most versions of the Will Theory on their own terms. In addition, by accentuating the untenability of a sophisticated hybrid theory of rights, the article emphasizes that the Will Theory's failures are the Interest Theory's successes.


SOCIAL SCIENCES Correction for "Evolution and convergence of the patterns of international scientific collaboration," by Mario Coccia and Lili Wang, which appeared in issue 8, February 23, 2016, of Proc Natl Acad Sci USA (113:2057–2061; first published February 1, 2016; 10.1073/pnas.1510820113). The authors note that Lili Wang should be credited with designing research, performing research, analyzing data, and interpreting data. The corrected author contributions footnote appears below.


An 86 Gb/s/ch WDM transmission experiment is successfully demonstrated by using CSRZ-DQPSK format and extended L-band erbium-doped fiber amplifiers. 4.4 Tb/s capacity is achieved in just a single amplifier gain bandwidth without using polarization-multiplexing/interleaveing techniques.


After the Anglican Church, the English poor-law was the most long-lasting of Elizabethan achievements. As finally codified in the legislation of 1601, it persisted without fundamental alteration until 1834 and played a major part in Elizabethan government. Any list of the 'stacks of statutes' which the Tudors imposed on the shoulders of justices of the peace will include the acts of 1563, 1572, 1576 and 1598, which were concerned with the relief of the destitute and the punishment of vagabonds, along with related legislation aiming to regulate the lives and behaviour of the 'commons', such as the Statute of Artificers of 1563. Social welfare and regulation were matters of increasing public concern between 1558 and 1603.


Detection of curves with special shapes has been put on great interest in the fields of image processing and recognition. Some commonly used algorithms such as Hough Transform and Generalized Radon Transform are global search methods. When the number of parameters increases, their efficiencies decrease rapidly because of the expansion of parameter space. To solve this problem, a new method based on Genetic Algorithm is presented which combines a local search procedure to improve its performance. Experimental results show that the proposed method improves search efficiency greatly.


We report here the first use of InAs/GaAs short‐period strained‐layer superlattices as Stark effect modulators. We have observed differential transmission changes as large as 38% with a corresponding change in quantum‐well absorption of 0.28 μm−1 at an applied field of 43 kV/cm. The Kramers–Kronig relation predicts a maximum change in the quantum‐well index of refraction of 0.019 for a field of 43 kV/cm. There is a unique light‐hole feature in the absorption and electroabsorption spectra that is attributed to resonant tunneling in the presence of high internal strain in the InAs layers.


We propose here to investigate the impact of small-scale effects on the bulk evolution of a two-phase flow system. More precisely, we choose to examine the sole influence of a small-scale (with respect to the bulk velocity) off-equilibrium velocity on the system. In order to narrow our analysis and avoid complex well-posedness issues, we choose to examine a simple barotropic 5-equation two-phase flow model that accounts for an equilibrium common bulk velocity and a small-scale off-equilibrium velocity. A full derivation of the model is presented: it is based on a variational principle which allows us to insert the two-scale kinematics into the model by considering two different kinetic energies. Additional entropy dissipation requirements allow us to add dissipative structures to the model. This system is neutral with respect to the topology of the flow structure and is equipped with parameters that can be connected to relaxation processes. When considering instantaneous relaxations, we obtain two limit systems of the literature that are used for the simulation of separated-phase flows. In this sense we obtain a hierarchy of models. We show that the parent 5-equation model is also compatible with the description of a bubbly fluid that allows small-scale vibrations for the disperse phase. This identification is verified and discussed through comparisons with experimental measurements of sound dispersion (Silberman, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., vol. 29, 1957, pp. 925–933; Leroy et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am., vol. 123, 2008, pp. 1931–1940) and with the dispersion relations of a reference model for bubbly flows by Cheng et al. (Trans. ASME J. Heat Transfer, vol. 107, 1985, pp. 402–408). The present work is a first contribution to a larger effort that aims at unifying models that can describe both separated and disperse two-phase flows, coupling small-scale modelling with large-scale resolution.


Based on the concept of"wetland criticality",the qualitative analysis was made in this paper to research on wetland exploitation and reservation optimization,and then the research procedures on the critical criteria of different kinds of used wetland.On the basis of the analyses of the use of cultivated land and the farming of river crab,the paper makes an assessment on criteria of Qilihai Wetland.The theory of exploitation and preservation of Qilihai Wetland means that the net marginal earnings of wetland should not be less than the net marginal losses when wetland is exploited.It can be defined as the equilibrium of utilization and reservation.This theory consists of ecological criteria,economical criteria and social criteria.Ecological criteria means that the basic constraint of economical and social criterion is usually seen as the dynamic constraint.The three aspects are not independent but interactive and restricted mutually,so they form an entirety that should not be separated.This passage also made a preliminary study of utilization and protection criticality of Qilihai Wetland from the perspective that the wetland was used as cultivation and raising crabs.By estimating the value of ecosystem service,the outcome of earnings and losses were calculated by means of the analysis on compatibility of each ecosystem service.The result showed that the way to establish a critical model of wetland and the analysis of economical benefit and ecological benefit could reflect the situation of wetland(utilization of critical situation by analyzing the criticality of wetland used and reserved resource).The net earnings of farmland were 2 231 798.42 yuan/hm2 and the net losses were 18 072.75 yuan/hm2,so the value of ΔB,which was the criteria of exploitation and preservation limitation,was 2 213 725.67 yuan/hm2.The net earnings of crab were 21 622.68 yuan/hm2 and the net losses were 20 274 yuan/hm2,so the value of ΔB,was 1 348.68 yuan/hm2.The preliminary study showed that Qilihai Wetland,exploited as cultivation and raising crab,is not overstepped under the circumstances of current social and economic development and Qilihai Wetland could be exploited potentially in the future.


With the popularization and application of electric vehicles, the planning of electric vehicles charging stations is getting more and more attention. In this paper, a distribution network planning model considering economic and user unsatisfactory value is proposed. Firstly, the load of electric vehicle is analyzed and calculated. On this basis, a user dissatisfaction model is established to evaluate the planning of the electric vehicle charging station. Finally, the distribution network planning model is proposed. The objects of the model is the economic cost of the distribution network and the unsatisfactory value of the users. The improved particle swarm optimization algorithm is applied to solve this model. Based on the simulation of the modified IEEE33 example and the analysis of the results, the validity and superiority of the model is verified, which provides a idea for the planning of distribution network with electric vehicle charging station.


A 55 year old woman presented with loss of weight and loss appetite for 6 month duration. Examination revealed generalized lymphadenopathy. Peripheral smear demonstrated hyper leukocytosis with predominant cells is lymphocytes. Prolymphocytes constituted 9%. Aspiration cytology of lymph node revealed increase in cellularity with monotonous population of small round lymphocytes with scattered atypical lymphocytes in background of red blood cells. A case of CLL/SLL is reported. This patient had group B symptoms suggesting a worst prognosis.


for several hours each week, members of various constituencies—students, faculty, staff, institutional leaders, parents, community partners, and trustees—discussed pressing ethical and social issues facing the campus or broader society? We are not referring to what typically occurs on college campuses: sporadic public panel discussions or lectures followed by a few minutes of polite questions. Nor are we referring to structured events such as departmental or taskforce meetings, judicial processes, or professional development seminars. And we certainly are not envisioning pointcounterpoint debates. What we propose is something quite different—intentionally designed, permanent spaces on campuses for identifying, studying, deliberating, and planning action regarding pressing issues with ethical or social implications. Given that an important mission of colleges and universities is to serve as sites of open inquiry, leading to a deeper understanding of contemporary social challenges, the need for such deliberative spaces is critical. As the higher education community works to address the challenges of increasing diversity, institutional governance, curriculum reform, and constrained resources, the need for inclusive forms of sustained and civil dialogue has become paramount. There seem to be few examples in higher education of such conversations. It is true that campuses sponsor teach-ins, interfaith services, classroom discussions, and residence hall conversations on terrorism, foreign affairs, religious pluralism and fanaticism, and attacks on humanity. But these traditional mechanisms for discussion are often framed as what David Mathews of the Kettering Foundation calls "solution wars." Participants start with bald assertions about causes and quickly advocate for their preferred solutions, rather than asking: What are the multiple possible explanations for this situation? How do different people define and understand those causes? What kind of community do we live in? What kind of community do we want? Fundamental questions such as these about the underlying values that guide ethical decision-making require democratic and sustained dialogue. By this we mean intergroup and interpersonal conversations in which those present are granted an equal voice at the table, regardless of their formal status within the institution. And those at the table need to be engaged for a length of time sufficient to interrogate, deliberate, and communicate. By consciously moving away from the win-lose model of traditional debate to a more equitable, safe, and sustained approach to problem-solving, we can foster both ethical principles and


In the present work, high efficient photovoltaic (PV) cells based on gallium antimonide have been developed and fabricated with the use of the liquid phase epitaxy (LPE) and diffusion from the gas phase techniques. They are intended for conversion of the infrared (IR) part of the solar spectrum into electricity by tandems of mechanically stacked cells and for conversion of the thermal radiation of emitters heated by the sunlight. On the ground of investigation of the LPE temperature regimes and the tellurium doping effect, GaSb PV cells have been fabricated with the efficiency of 6% at the concentration of 300 suns behind the single-junction GaAs top cell and of 5.6% at the same sunlight concentration of the cells behind the dual-junction GaInP/GaAs structure, the substrate thickness being 100 μm. (the efficiency of PV cells was calculated for AM1.5D Low AOD spectrum, 1000 W/m 2 ). The rated efficiency of conversion of solar powered tungsten emitter radiation by PV cells based on gallium antimonide in a thermophotovoltaic (TPV) module appeared to be about 19%. Photovoltaic cells based on germanium with a wide-gap GaAs window grown by LPE or metalorganic chemical vapor deposition and with a p-n junction formed by means of the zinc diffusion from the gas phase have been fabricated. Ge based PV cells without a wide-gap GaAs window had the efficiency of up to 8.6% at a concentration of 150 suns. The efficiency of Ge based cells with a wide-gap GaAs window was 10.9% at the concentration of 150 suns. 4.3% efficiency Ge cells behind a single-junction GaAs top cell at the concentration of 400 suns have been also obtained. The maximum rated conversion efficiency of Ge PV cells appeared to be about 12% in the case of conversion of the tungsten emitter thermal radiation. These efficiency values for Ge based cells are among the highest.


Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) is a progressive, chronic optic neuropathy in adults in which intraocular pressure (IOP) and other currently unknown factors contribute to damage and resulting to irreversible visual field constriction. Prevalence of glaucoma in East Java, Indonesia is 5.5 which higher than national prevalence. This disease require life-long treatment and patient compliance.
The aims of this study was to describe the profile of drugs used in POAG, including type of drug, dosage, frequency and route of administration. Also to identify Drug Related Problems (DRPs) that might happened. This observational study was conducted retrospectively using medical record of POAG patients in Ophthalmology Division of Ambulatory Care Unit Dr. Soetomo Teaching Hospital Surabaya on period August 1st 2011 - January 31st 2012 (N=35). This study was reviewed by Ethical Board Review of Health Research Dr. Soetomo Teaching Hospital Surabaya.
The result showed that main drugs used in POAG were β adrenergic blocking agents, carbonic anhidrase inhibitors, prostaglandin analogs and combinations. The most drug used as therapy of POAG was β adrenergic antagonist topical timolol 0,5% one drop twice daily (83.3%). Other drugs used to support the therapy were artificial tears, vitamins, KSR, antibiotics and corticosteroids. Actual DRPs that occured were dry eye syndrome caused by benzalkonium chloride as preservative agent in eye drops (25%) and conjungtival hyperemi caused by prostaglandin analog (11.4%). Potential DRPs were paresthesia caused by carbonic anhidrase inhibitors (20%), increase of intraocular pressure caused by corticosteroid (8.6%), and hipoglycemia in diabetes patient caused by timolol (2.8%).


This paper proposes a blind carrier identification method for phase and/or amplitude modulated signals. The carrier frequency (fc) of the received signal with unknown phase and/or amplitude modulation is identified from the ratio of the second derivative of the signal with itself. It is shown that this ratio is equal to –(2πfc)2. The second derivative is estimated by successive differences of the highly sampled received signal. It is shown that average of the ratio of estimated second derivative to the highly sampled received signal gives an accurate estimate of the carrier frequency. Since sinusoidal chips in the received signal are symmetrical around certain points, their convolution results in correlation up to a delay. While convolution of the noise, which is not symmetric by definition, with itself does not result in a peak as in the case of correlation. Thus to reduce the additive noise effect, different segments of the received signal are convolved with themselves and these convolution outputs are cross-correlated before computing the second derivative. This results in higher signal-to-noise ratio. This technique along with a bandpass filter bank improves the performance of the second derivative based carrier detection method in the presence of noise. The proposed carrier detection method is applied to M-PSK, QAM and CDMA signals and its performance in noise for each case is presented using root mean square error simulations.


Children's self-reports of global life satisfaction and positive and negative affect were analyzed via principal components analysis. Consistent with multidimensional theories of subjective well-being, satisfaction ratings were differentiated from affective ratings, which provides further support for the construct validity of the life satisfaction measure (SLSS). Implications of the findings for the conceptualization and assessment of children's mental health are discussed.


Global equilibrium fragmentation inside a freeze out constraining volume is a working hypothesis widely used in nuclear fragmentation statistical models. In the framework of classical Lennard Jones molecular dynamics, we study how the relaxation of the fixed volume constraint affects the posterior evolution of microscopic correlations, and how a non-confined fragmentation scenario is established. A study of the dynamical evolution of the relative kinetic energy fluctuations was also performed. We found that asymptotic measurements of such observable can be related to the number of decaying channels available to the system at fragmentation time.


Performance of narrowband speech communications systems, such as Linear Predictive Coding (LPC), is often severely degraded by the presence of ambient acoustic noise in the input speech signal. Spectral subtraction techniques show promise in improving the overall performance of LPC in acoustic noise environments, but typically present annoying musical tones at the output. A spectral subtraction technique is described, which includes a biased estimate of the noise, that does not present musical tones at the output. In addition, an automatic speech activity detector is described and used to adapt the noise estimate to changing noise environments.


A hierarchically macro-/mesoporous Sn/CeO2 (H-Sn/CeO2) catalyst with uniform element composition and dispersion was successfully synthesized by using KIT-6 as a hard template for the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO with NH3. This catalyst was mainly characterized by such techniques as transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, laser Raman spectroscopy, N2 adsorption–desorption analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, H2 temperature-programmed reduction and NH3 temperature-programmed desorption. The obtained catalyst possesses hierarchical nanostructures with large specific surface area and good dispersion of elements. It was found that the hierarchically nanostructured Sn/CeO2 catalyst exhibited high NH3-SCR activity and a broad operating temperature window. It has been demonstrated that the Sn atoms incorporate into the crystal lattice of ceria, and more Ce3+ and Oα species exist on the surface of H-Sn/CeO2. It is interesting that the doping of Sn element could improve the reducibility of the H-Sn/CeO2 catalyst due to the synergetic interaction between Ce and Sn species. In addition, the H-Sn/CeO2 catalyst possesses more acidic sites and stronger acidic strength. Therefore, the obtained catalyst exhibits excellent stability and water resistance as well as enhanced SO2 tolerance.


A novel, current-based cholesterol biosensor was produced by electrochemical polymerization of pyrrole monomers, using cholesterol oxidase(Ch Ox) and horseradish peroxidase(HRP) as catalysts. Polypyrrole(PPY) was prepared by electrochemical polymerization and the microstructure of the PPY film was characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The electrochemical characteristics and anti-interference capacity of the biosensor were evaluated by cyclic voltammetry(CV). The results of this analysis revealed that the PPY film obtained after 300 polymerization circles had optimum sensor performance. The biosensor displayed optimal operation at a p H of 8.0 and showed good detection performance at cholesterol oxidase and horseradish peroxidase concentrations of 30 and 20 mg/m L, respectively. The biosensor displayed a linear range of 2.0 × 10-6 to 1.6 × 10-4 mol/L and an apparent Michaelis-Menten constant(appmK) of 5.6 × 10-6mol/L. The biosensor also exhibited excellent anti-interference activity after the addition of glucose, ascorbic acid(AA), and uric acid(UA), which affected the current by 8.1%, 8.5%, and 10.8%, respectively. The cholesterol biosensor exhibited good selective response to cholesterol, and can, therefore, be used in the determination of cholesterol content.


Throughout the course of their lives, many people living with HIV/AIDS have prematurely retired onto AIDS disability. A new trend, however, has swept across the nation. Where once people were getting sick, leaving work, and embracing inevitable death, now, with advances in medical technology, many people with HIV/AIDS are renewing their lease on life and discovering a desire to go back to work. To learn how gay men's identities are impacted as they transition from AIDS disability back to the labor market, I conducted three months of fieldwork at an employment placement agency in San Francisco. During fieldwork I distributed informal questionnaires to 120 gay men and then formally interviewed 10 additional gay men who had either transitioned or were considering transitioning from AIDS disability back to work. Analyses reveal that cultural, structural, and medical contradictions typify the return to work. As gay men experience and live through these contradictions, their identities split into anticipatory and actualized components. By facilitating a reassessment of meanings and values, anticipatory identities cognitively and emotionally prepare individuals as they brave the road back to work. This version of identity represents a romanticized confluence of worker (role) identity, gay (status/master) identity, and overall sense of self (self-concept). Personal experiences with stigma, shame, and discrimination along with complexities of the workplace and medical services, however, prevent the maturation of anticipatory identities when seeking reemployment. This results in loosely coupled and situationally informed actualized identities. The relationship between these two identities suggests that many people living with HIV/AIDS—and indeed others who experience stressful life transitions—face complex choices between quality-of-life issues and the ability to survive according to external cultural and structural constraints.


Repetitive controllers (RCs) are known for their ability of controlling periodic exogenous signals, even if these signals have high harmonic content. Due to the variety of repetitive controllers proposed in the literature, which are significantly different from each other, a comparative evaluation in a collective way is analytically complex. This fact implies a greater difficulty to select the appropriate RC strategy when designing a control system, what makes most control system designers to not use this class of controllers. In order to solve this problem, the present paper develops a unified approach for representation of (real and complex) repetitive controllers, which is based on the use of multiple primitive repetitive cells in parallel. Through this approach the main characteristics of a repetitive controller, such as stability properties, dynamic response, set of harmonic components that are effectively compensated and computational burden, are easily identified. Furthermore, in order to validate the potential of the proposed unified approach, comparative studies of $nk \pm m$ RCs and $nk+m$ RCs are performed. An experimental application based on a three-phase shunt active power filter is implemented to validate the theoretical evaluation presented in this paper.


The topical administration of 1.5% griseofulvin in dimethylsulfoxide for five to seven days was a satisfactory treatment regime for experimental ringworm in the guinea pig.


The invention features a IMPROVED TEST TO DETECT THE PRESENCE OF A VCH antibody to an antigen in a sample by contacting the sample with a polypeptide containing an epitope of an antigen VCH. TYPES OF TESTS AMONG FAVOURITES include a confirmatory assay, a COMBINATION, AN ESSAY BASED synthetic polypeptides, IMMUNODOT AN ESSAY COMPETITION AND A TEST.


Analysis of the electronic properties of Pt(x)Bi(1-x)/Pt(111) bimetallic overlayers was performed by DFT calculation. The positions of the d-band centers and band widths were correlated using a triangular band model. In addition, the adsorption of hydrogen atoms as well as CO tolerance of selected Pt(x)Bi(1-x)/Pt(111) bimetallic overlayers were analysed. Excellent correlation was obtained of the adsorption energies of H and CO with d-band centers of platinum atoms on the studied surfaces. The red shift of Pt-H stretching vibration of adsorbed hydrogen, and decrease of work function upon adsorption of H were predicted. Analysis of hydrogen and CO chemisorption by means of the difference of the projected density of states was performed in order to identify d-states involved in bonding. The results obtained by calculations were compared with the experimental ones, where available.


The transition from the homeotropic to the planar state in cholesteric liquid crystal displays is investigated through computer simulation. The simulation reproduces the observed relaxation from the homeotropic state to the long pitch transient planar state. The simulation also agrees with the suggestion that the transition from the transient planar state to the planar state proceeds through a bulk modulation resulting in folding and buckling of cholesteric layers without introduction of defect cores. The model obtained agrees well with earlier experimental observations showing that the process includes a tilting of cholesteric helices, and that the surface plays only a minor role in the relaxation process.


We describe two different results obtained in the development of several types of spacer for GIS. Firstly, for the three-phase spacer of 362 kV GIS, we present the optimal design that was obtained by electric field analysis and mechanical stress analysis using commercial program, respectively. We also report the results of reference test in our factory after manufacturing process. Secondly, the spacer installed in 800 kV GIS that has the highest voltage of power system in Korea, was performed the accelerated deterioration test because this spacer requires high reliability during operation period of power apparatus. This test was carried out during seven months after finishing the type test. In order to confirm the electrical lifetime for epoxy spacer, an equivalent test method was applied at higher voltage than the operating voltage (800//spl radic/3=462 kV rms). After that test, we proved the reliability of the spacer through electrical insulation test equal to the type test. From these results, it can be seen that the epoxy spacer had a lifetime guarantee of more than 30 years.


Pastoralism may be described as an adaptative strategy resorted to by human groups in areas where they face a seasonal shortage of grazing resources for feeding their animals. They are thus prompted to gain control of, and regularly move to, complementary pastures some distance away. Pastoralism can therefore roughly be identified as a genre de vie whose territory spans two ecologically contrasted areas such as highlands vs. lowlands (vertical pastoralism), or winter rainfall and summer rainfall zones. Geographers have devoted considerable attention and time to describe this adaptative strategy in every area of the world.' They have'also extensively dealt with its great flexibility in relation to variability in rainfall and grazing ecosystems, especially in times of drought.2 However pastoralism is not only an ecologically adaptative and selfreproducing strategy, with no problems other than those arising on the one


To evaluate and compare the effectiveness of endoscopic trans‐ethmosphenoid optic canal decompression (ETOCD) and steroid pulse therapy (SPT) for indirect traumatic optic neuropathy (ITON).


This paper presents a review of the recent advances in matrix converter topologies used with the permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) in wind power generation systems. Dedicated literatures introduce different topologies inspired by the conventional matrix converter. Two-stage matrix converters known as sparse matrix converters are compared to the conventional matrix converter in terms of implementation complexity, cost, power rating and voltage ratio. Single-phase matrix converters topologies are implemented in high power wind applications in two different modular concepts: the reduced matrix concept for offshore wind farms and the multi-modular high power matrix converter. On the other hand, several modulation techniques applied to the matrix converter-PMSG scheme are briefly presented.


Vertical movements of crustal blocks along the narrow east-west-trending Shawneetown fault zone in southeastern Illinois occurred between Early Permian and Late Cretaceous. The main blocks moved vertically and retured to roughly their orignal positions so that strata now show little relative offset across the fault zone. However, individual faults with displacements up to 3,500 ft (1,070 m) bound narrow slices of steeply tilted or overturned strata resulting in a juxtaposition of Kinderhookian (Lower Mississippian) and Upper Devonian strata with Lower Pennsylvanina strata. The bedrock is intensely fractured, commonly brecciated, and cemented with either silica or calcite. Slickensides and mullion display various orientations within the zone and on individual outcrops. The dominant movement, however, appears to be vertical with no evidence for significant strike-slip movements. Pleistocene deposits do not exhibit offsets across the fault zone, indicating that no tectonic activity has occurred since the beginning of that epoch. The trend of the fault zone changes abruptly from east-west in southern Gallatin and easternmost Saline Counties to south-southwest in southern Saline and northeastern Pope Counties, where it joins the Fluorspar area fault complex. Here the zone widens and develops a braided pattern as the amount of displacement along individual faults decreases. Themore » Shawneetown fault zone and Flourspar area fault complex in part are younger than the Cottage Grove fault system to the northwest and the Wabash Valley fault system to the north. The hope of finding structural traps near the junctions of the fuel systems has spurred recent oil exploration in the area.« less


This study aims at regression equations fitted to knowledge management and organizational effectiveness in the selected sport organizations of Iran knowledge management processes to determine the impact on organizational effectiveness. Method of this research is descriptive – surveying and for the analysis was used of Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, and then multi-variants regression, Pearson and Spearman Correlation etc. The results show that there is a significant relation between knowledge management and its factors with organizational effectiveness in sport organizations, the multivariate regression results show 0/756% of the variance in organizational effectiveness is related to knowledge management processes and applying, protecting and acquisition has conditions of predicting organizational effectiveness (p>0.01).

 Key words: Regression equation, knowledge management, organizational effectiveness, sports organization.


Microtechnology-based Energy and Chemical Systems (MECS) are multi-scale microsystems, which rely on embedded nano and micro-scale features to process bulk amounts of fluids in applications ranging from manportable heat pumps, distributed fuel reforming and in-situ waste remediation. Microlamination is a well-known process architecture for fabricating the massively parallel, high aspect ratio microchannel arrays needed within these devices. While the promise of MECS technology is exciting, the dissemination of MECS technology is greatly dependent upon economical fabrication. This paper explores the application of surface mount technology (SMT) from the electronics industry to the microlamination of microchannel arrays. An economic analysis shows the impact that SMT could have on the cost of MECS technology. Experimental results show that the fabrication of high-aspect-ratio microchannels is indeed feasible.


It is not unusual for advances in science to run ahead of nomenclature for the discovered phenomena. However, in the case of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), research activity has been booming for more than a decade, and yet there is no agreed upon definition for the term. Different structural aspects of these materials are critically analyzed with examples and counterexamples to arrive at a definition of MOF that is both definite and consistent with common usage.


In 1980 Alltop produced a family of cubic phase sequences that nearly meet the Welch bound for maximum non-peak correlation magnitude. This family of sequences were shown by Wooters and Fields to be useful for quantum state tomography. Alltop's construction used a function that is not planar, but whose difference function is planar. In this paper we show that Alltop type functions cannot exist in fields of characteristic 3 and that for a known class of planar functions, x3 is the only Alltop type function.


drained by gravity from the superior vena cava and pumped without oxygenation into the aorta at the bifurcation. The splanchnic bed is perfused by a mixture of oxygenated blood and blood from the shunt. The procedure tends to increase systemic blood flow and reduce cardiac output. The system is closed so that the dangers of contamination and air embolism are reduced, blood destruction minimized, and changes in plasma protein at a blood-air interface avoided. Renal function, the blood clotting mechanism, acid-base balance, and electro¬ lyte pattern are undisturbed. The technique has been employed experimentally in the dog for as long as 52 hours 7


A method is established to determine eight kinds of residual solvents in paper package by HS-GC/MS, such as benzene, toluene etc. Response surface method is used to optimize pretreatment temperature and time, the terminal pre-temperature is 100 °C, with time 40min. The result reveals that the pretreatment-temperature has a significant impact on peak area and pretreatment-time has no significant influence. The residual solvents in sample was separated using HP-5MS chromatographic column; Flow velocity of He:1ml/min; Inlet temperature:250°C; programmed temperature: keep 2 min at initial temperature of 35 °C, then rise to 100 °C at a rate of 10 °C/min and keep 3min; the total time is 14.5min. The eight kinds of residual solvents can be effectively separated by this method. The linear range was 0.330~7.956mg/m2 and the correlation coefficient was between 0.995~0.999.The Recovery rate was 99%~114.8% and the relative standard deviation (n=5) was 0.916%~1.333%.


Transparent hood‐assisted colonoscopy (TAC) has been reported to improve the cecal insertion rate and adenoma detection rate (ADR). An endoscopic cap (Endocuff) with two rows of soft wings was recently developed to improve ADR, by flattening the mucosal folds during withdrawal. This randomized prospective control study aimed to compare ADR between Endocuff‐assisted colonoscopy (EAC) and TAC.


This article is a master's research clipping whose objective was to discuss Public Policies for Early Childhood Education: implementation of university daycare centers at the State University of Southwest of Bahia (UESB). It is a qualitative research with a theoretical contribution in dialectical historical materialism. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analysis of legal and normative documents of the studied institution. The study reveals that the UESB daycare centers have faced dilemmas since the implementation, for 30 years, of: lack of professional valorization, precariousness of labor contracts and the lack of recognition of these spaces within the institution as a field of research and training for university students.


Reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) combustion has been shown to provide simultaneous ultra-low NOx and soot emissions with similar or better thermal efficiencies than conventional diesel combustion (CDC). Nonetheless, RCCI still has several challenges that restrict its operating range and limit its practical application. The dual-mode operation, which involves switching between different combustion modes, has been found as a promising alternative to operation in the whole engine map. However, the combustion mode switching requires difficult engine control, particularly during transient operation. The series hybrid vehicle (SHV) architecture allows the thermal engine to operate in a limited operating range by decoupling it from the drivetrain. Therefore, it could be an interesting alternative to the dual-mode concept. This work explores the potential of the RCCI series hybrid vehicle architecture to provide low engine-out emissions and CO2 by means of vehicle systems simulations. The results show the influence of the main parameters and control strategies of the SHV vehicle on its efficiency and emissions under different driving cycles. Finally, the optimal RCCI-SHV configuration is compared to CDC and dual-mode combustion strategies, confirming its potential as a future vehicle architecture for high efficiency and low emissions.


Separators not only affect the safety but also electrochemical performance and they are important components in lithium ion batteries. Many researches have been conducted to fabricate separators with high electrochemical properties and high thermal stability. High porosity is important for high performance and thermal stability is vital for safety of the cells. Electrospinning can be used to produce nanofibers with high thermal stability and high porosity. Ceramic particles could also be used to improve electrochemical performance. Electro-spraying can be applied to incorporate ceramic nanoparticles in separators. Cellulose based hybrid nanofiber membrane separators were prepared via electrospinning and electro-spraying. Morphology and structural properties of hybrid separators were studied by using SEM, XRD and FTIR. N-butanol was used for porosity measurements. EIS were used for ionic conductivity and interfacial resistance studies. Electrochemical performance of the hybrid separators was also evaluated for use as separator membrane in lithium-ion batteries. It was found that cellulose hybrid nanofiber membranes had superior electrochemical performance with good electrochemical stability due to large porosity of nanofibers and electro-sprayed SiO2 nanoparticles. Large liquid electrolyte uptake of 240%, high electrochemical oxidation limit of over 4.5 V, and low interfacial resistance of 190 ohm·cm with lithium were observed when hybrid membranes were used in Li/LiFePO4 cells. In addition, high cell capacities of above 160 mAh/g and good cycling performance were demonstrated.


Commercial semantic technologies are solving critical Healthcare and Life Sciences (HCLS) challenges. Semantic software and related integration and analysis methods are widely applied in production settings for data access, translation, semantic integration, analysis and screening, to deliver personalized medicine outcomes in research and clinical settings. The foundation for interoperable semantic technology is based on standards developed by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), such as the Resource Description Framework (RDF) and the Web Ontology Language (OWL). While traditional, relational data warehousing and federation approaches can scale well and are effective for many core data storage and access requirements, such approaches often fail when facing the dynamic changes and the inherent complexity of data integration requirements for Healthcare / Life Sciences (HCLS) research. Semantic integration methods assure coherence, harmonize synonyms and different terminologies, and provide an extensible, flexible data integration platform and interactive knowledge base for relevant network analysis. This paper describes the success of using an innovative semantic approach towards integration of all experimental, internal, external, clinical and public data sources. The resulting visual exploration of the integrated graph environment and the construction of characteristic marker patterns or molecular signatures are applicable to predictive functional biology-based decision support for complex translational research and personalized medicine applications. SPARQL queries can be captured visually and saved in arrays representative of specific biological functions. Being able to create, visualize and test complex models in an easy, automated way makes these methods widely applicable.


Take the hybrid EMU as the research background, aiming at the possible network voltage interruption of its network side converter, this paper proposes a method to detect the network voltage interruption in time. Also, order to avoid the damage by the AC current shock on the system after the network voltage interruption is restored, a method to deal with the network voltage interruption is proposed and verified by simulation and experiment.


In this paper,we do research on the market responses of 119 listed companies who are punished by regulators,before and after punishment announcement day from 2008 to 2010.The result shows that there is apparent negative response of punishment.Group study shows that the year,the industry,punishment institutions,punishment causes and punishment type are all factors which can influence the effectiveness.In connection with different effectiveness of punishment,the paper gives several possible responses for the regulators and gives investors some methods in their investment process.


In this paper, the nonlinear heat transfer equation is investigated by considering a variable specific heat coefficient. The calculations are carried out by using the differential transformation method (DTM), which is a seminumerical analytical solution technique. Using the DTM, the nonlinear constrained governing equations are reduced to recurrence relations and related initial conditions are transformed into a set of algebraic equations. The principle of differential transformation is briefly introduced, and is then applied to the aforementioned equation. The solutions are subsequently solved by a process of inverse transformation. The current results are then compared with those derived from the established Fehlberg fourth-fifth order Runge-Kutta method in order to verify the accuracy of the proposed method. Accordingly, several illustrative numerical computations are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the present method. The findings reveal that the DTM can achieve accurate results in predicting the solution of such problems.


Abstract : Manpower management within all activities of the United States Navy has traditionally been an extremely challenging function, Careful, crucial reconciliation of manpower reports such as the Enlisted Distribution and Verification Report (EDVR) and the Activity Manning Document (AMD) are a critical event in the proper execution of such a process Unfortunately, an automated process where such a manual, regularly occurring, time consuming, error prone, man-hour intensive routine is performed does not currently exist, Specifically, in the area of Capability Ratings, Manning, Training, Equipment and Supplies, an activity should be able to extract a prescribed range of data from their EDVR and AMD and have it automatically calculate the T-Rating and M-Rating as required by the Functional/Type Wing Commander, This thesis will attempt to address the feasibility and requirements for such an automated software application utilizing COTS technology with the additional utilization of application interface development to automate to the greatest degree possible, the regularly recurring reconciliation of the EDVR and Activity Manning Document


The presence of restriction enzyme fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) within the break cluster region can be a serious problem since any departure from the expected sized DNA fragment can be misinterpreted as a product of translocation. We report a rare polymorphism identified with this enzyme and emphasize the need for caution in the interpretation of Southern blot analysis for the detection of chromosome rearrangement


A time‐varying lighting regime was formulated based on the action spectrum of the circadian and photopic lights. Using LED panels, the regime was implemented, tested and evaluated in classroom environment. The circadian to photopic ratio C/P was identified as one of the key parameters along with standard photometric and spectrometric quantities. The circadian rhythm of the human body as decomposed into time intervals of the day. By the continuous monitoring of the light output from the LED panels, we obtained instantaneous values and variation in the parameters, such as luminous flux, correlated color temperatures, color rendering indices, luminous efficiency and CS value. Based on these measurement data, we derived the variation of color temperature versus that of black body radiation and that of the color coordinates of the sun light. we also calculated the circadian stimulus curve and found it consistent with the one suggested by Mark Rea et al.


We describe a formalism underlying the renormalization procedure and Batalin-Vilkoviski formalism. In the framework of this formalism, we give a mathematical definition of OPE-algebra and describe an additional natural structure which produces a *-Lie algebra structure on the (cohomologically shifted) D-module of observables, whence an $L_\infty$ algebra structure on the space of global sections of the de Rham complex of this D-module. Given a Maurer-Cartan element in this $L_\infty$ algebra, we construct a deformation of the OPE-algebra, which is exactly the desired renormalization.


Abstract Every sufficiently regular non-periodic space of tilings of $\mathbb {R}^d$ has at least one pair of distinct tilings that are asymptotic under translation in all the directions of some open $(d-1)$-dimensional hemisphere. If the tiling space comes from a substitution, there is a way of defining a location on such tilings at which asymptoticity 'starts'. This leads to the definition of the branch locus of the tiling space: this is a subspace of the tiling space, of dimension at most $d-1$, that summarizes the 'asymptotic in at least a half-space' behavior in the tiling space. We prove that if a $d$-dimensional self-similar substitution tiling space has a pair of distinct tilings that are asymptotic in a set of directions that contains a closed $(d-1)$-hemisphere in its interior, then the branch locus is a topological invariant of the tiling space. If the tiling space is a two-dimensional self-similar Pisot substitution tiling space, the branch locus has a description as an inverse limit of an expanding Markov map on a zero- or one-dimensional simplicial complex.


The application of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) to grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) may decrease fruit detachment force (FDF) and promote the development of dry stem scars on the berries, both of which could improve the quality of machine-harvested raisin grapes. However, treatment with MeJA also promotes preharvest fruit drop, which is undesir- able. Thus, experiments were conducted to determine how the concentration of MeJA applied and time after treatment affect FDF and abscission of grapes. Mature 'Thompson Seedless' grapevines were treated with one of five different solutions containing 0, 0.2, 2, 10, or 20 mM MeJA, and FDF and fruit abscission were monitored for '2 weeks. Treatment with 2 mM or less MeJA had inconsistent effects on FDF and did not promote abscission, whereas treatment with 10 to 20 mM MeJA reduced FDF within 2 to 3 days after treatment (DAT) and promoted abscission, which began on '3 DAT and persisted for '8 DAT. Thus, to optimize the use of MeJA as a harvest aid for 'Thompson Seedless' may require application of between 2 and 10 mM MeJA followed by harvest within 3 DAT.


An $H$-graph is the intersection graph of connected subgraphs of a suitable subdivision of a fixed graph $H$. We focus on $S_d$-graphs as a special case. A graph $G$ is an $S_d$-graph when it is the intersection graph of connected subgraphs of a subdivision of a fixed star $S_d$. It is useful to mention that, for an $S_d$-graph $G$ with some proper maximal clique $C \in G$, each connected component of $G-C$ is an interval graph and the partial order on the connected components of $G-C$ has a chain cover of size $\leq d$. Considering the recognition algorithm given by Chaplick et al., we give an FPT-time algorithm to solve the isomorphism problem for $S_d$-graphs with bounded clique size. Then, we give a polynomial time reduction to $S_d$-graph isomorphism from the isomorphism problem for posets of width $d$. Finally, we show that the graph isomorphism problem for $S_d$-graphs can be solved in FPT-time with parameter $d$, even when the clique size is unbounded.


Agents & Multi-agent Systems in Construction C.J. Anumba, O.O. Ugwu and Z. Ren (eds), Taylor & Francis, London, UK, 2005, 288, ISBN 0 415 35904 X, £60.00 Things have changed. The era of Industrial Revolution is certainly over. Mundane machines do not dominate our workplaces anymore. Intelligent machines or computers do. People are not expected to mimic machines nowadays; machines are being designed to think like humans. This book, edited by Anumba et al. is a forecaster of how the workplaces of the future, particularly in the construction industry, would be like. To me, personally, the words 'agent' and 'multi-agent' are new in the context of business organisations and management information systems. This book provides a good understanding of what 'agents' and 'multi-agents' are by providing the pretext that words such as 'system' or 'architecture' are not adequate to describe the new and emerging entities involving humans and computers. A succinct definition of 'intelligent agent' is given on page 7 by Arciszewski et al.


This paper discusses three common approaches used by owner organizations to deliver infrastructure maintenance/repair (M/R) programs that involve multiple distributed sites: using in-house resources, outsourcing to contractors, and a combination of both. A scheduling model is then introduced that uses genetic algorithms to suggest the optimum combination of in-house crews and outsourcing that meet execution constraints. The scheduling model considers all the variables that relate to in-house delivery, such as available crews, methods of construction, sequence of work sites, and the time and cost of moving resources among sites. In addition, it incorporates a mechanism to examine the feasibility of replacing in-house resources by outsourcing to delegate execution risks, at minimum additional cost. Details of model development are discussed and an example application is presented to demonstrate the planning and control features of the proposed model. The model presents practitioners and researchers with a practical tool for realistic what-if assessment and greater level of control over the execution of infrastructure M/R plans.


This paper is devoted to considering mining infrequent patterns from biological sequences. Two typical approaches to find infrequent patterns are model-driven and data-driven, and each of them has advantages and disadvantages. As a mixed approach, FPCS (Finding Peculiar Composite Strings) was proposed in a literature, where two substrings x and y are decided by given data and their concatenation xy is evaluated in a model-driven manner. Although its effectiveness has already shown, it requires the background set of sequences, in addition to the target set. In this paper, we propose another approach for infrequent patterns, which, given a single set of sequences, finds string patterns of two substrings frequent in the set. Therefore, the proposed approach is simpler than FPCS. Using biological features, such as RNA, of popular bacterial DNA sequences, the effectiveness of the proposed approach is evaluated. For B. subtilis and C. perfringens, the proposed approach can find RNA regions as well as FPCS while it fails to do that for E. coli and S. enterica because FPCS is more finely granular than the proposed approach.


(57) Abstract: In a processor that executes a separate executable program or operating system at the same time on the processor, provides a method for protecting the execution environment of malicious programs (502). While the first program (306) is performed, the memory space only the first program uses is set (504). Communication between the first program and the computer execution environment, the use of shared memory space (508), an interrupt dedicated or a single link in a plurality of means including dedicated I / O port (510) It is performed through. Monitor, the first program on the processor (306), manages a limited execution environment (546). In this restricted execution environment, the first program except for the single link between the set memory space, it is limited to accessing resources on the processor.


[reaction: see text] A novel method for achieving the desired regioselective reduction of the N-1 azido group on a tetraazidoneamine has been developed that leads to the synthesis of both kanamycin and neomycin class antibiotics bearing N-1 modification. Both classes of aminoglycosides are active against aminoglycoside-resistant bacteria carrying APH(3')-I and AAC(6')/APH(2'').


This paper presents review on generation and developments of foam concrete. Majorly focused on reliable advantages and properties of foam concrete. Also pointed out the key points in strength development of foam concrete using with different filler materials such as, river sand, sea sand and quarry dust (stone dust), fly ash, GGBS etc., with cement. Discuss the effects on foam concrete when several foaming agents are used. A sample calculation of foam concrete mix design also present.


Introduction In 1950, the chemists Otto Paul Hermann Diels, from Germany, and Kurt Alder, originally born in Prussia and then moved to Germany after World War I, received the Nobel Prize in chemistry for the discovery of a new way to synthesize cyclic molecules. Aptly titled the Diels-Alder Cycloaddition Reaction, this new mechanism allowed conjugated dienes to undergo addition reactions with alkenes, yielding substituted cyclohexene products (McMurry 492). While there were numerous immediate uses for this new reaction mechanism, commercial exploits led to the development of powerful insecticides. These particular compounds usually consisted of a carbon ring (or rings) and many chlorine atoms. Chemicals such as Aldrin, Dieldrin, Chlordane, and DDT were all used to protect fruits, vegetables and cotton from soil insects, termites and moths. Some had other applications and were used to treat parasites like fleas, ticks and lice (Pavia 412). Although


Biopsy specimens of sural nerve from 10 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), of whom only 1 was severely disabled, were assessed by morphometric techniques and compared to nerves from age‐matched controls. The frequency of abnormal teased fibers was increased in MS nerve, with many intenodes showing at least a 50% reduction in myelin thickness. Myelinated nerve fiber densities were not significantly different in MS and control nerves. Regression analysis of axonal area on number of myelin lamellae indicated a generalized reduction of myelin lamellae in this disorder. It is suggested that peripheral myelin may be involved in multiple sclerosis.


Architectural heritage, abstract philosophy, contemporary architecture, heritage. Abstraction is used in architectural and interior design and is based on abstraction with formal values, taking into account the functional aspect of architecture. Architectural heritage represents the cultural value that directly affects successive generations, and embodies cultural values to reflect the social, economic and political aspect that contributes to the advancement of human civilization, and architectural heritage is the basis of architectural thought in societies that have unity. Cultural. He found that the concept of the philosophy of abstraction has multiple views, whether Western and local and dependent on the nature of cultural, social and environmental thought, and for this the aim of the research was to activate the role of the philosophy of abstraction in the formal formations of both the vocabulary of heritage architecture and contemporary architecture by architectural elements, Analysis of international, Arab and local architectural productions, to reach a conscious understanding of the philosophy and thought of abstraction in contemporary heritage architecture, and its spiritual values to reach the essence of things. The practical study was the analysis of Western and Arab and local projects with heritage architectural values and a practical study compared to them to see which architectural outputs were able to generate heritage values stable from its past in abstract geometric forms reflecting different ideas. ة ي ح ا ت ف م ل ا ت ا م ل ك ل ا ا ص خ ل م ل ثارتلا يرامعملا ، ةفسلف ديرجتلا ، ةرامعلا ةرصاعملا . .ةرامعلل يفيظولا بناجلا ةاعا رم عم ةيلكشلا ميقلاب ديرجتلا ىلع دمتعيو يلخادلاو يرامعملا ميمصتلا يف ديرجتلا مدختسي يرامعملا ثا رتلا اما ةيفاقثلا ميقلا دسجيو ،ةبقاعتملا لايجلأا ىلع ةرشابم ةروصب رثؤت يتلا ةيراضحلا ةميقلا لثمي يرامعملا ثا رتلا ربتعيو ،ةيناسنلإا ةراضحلا يقر يف مهاسي يذلا يسايسلاو يداصتقلااو يعامتجلاا بناجلا سكعيل و دقل .ةيفاقث ةدحو كلتمت يتلا تاعمتجملا يف يرامعملا ركفلا ساسأ وه رظن تاهجو هل ديرجتلا ةفسلف موهفم نا دج ثحبلا فده ءاج اذهلو ،يئيبلاو يعامتجلااو يفاقثلا ركفلا ةعيبط ىلع ةدمتعمو ةيلحمو ةيبرغ تناك ءاوس ةددعتم رصانعلا بناج نم ةرصاعملا ةرامعلاو ةيثا رتلا ةرامعلا تادرفم نم لكل ةيلكشلا تانيوكتلا يف ديرجتلا ةفسلف رود ليعفت معملا يف ديرجتلا ركفو ةفسلفل يعاولا مهفلا ىلا لصوتلل ، ةيلحملاو ةيبرعلاو ةيملاعلا ةيرامعملا تاجاتنلا ليلحتو ،ةيرا ءايشلأا رهوج ىلا لوصولل ةيحور ميق نم هيوتحت امو ،ةرصاعملا ةيثا رتلا ةرامعلا . ميق لمحت ةيلحمو ةيبرع عيراشمو ةيبرغ عيراشم ليلحتب ةيلمعلا ةسا ردلا تلثمت ةنراقم ةيلمع ةسا ردو ةيثا رت ةيرامعم سكعت ةدرجم ةيسدنه لاكشأب اهيضام نم ةأ رقتسم ةيثا رت ميق ديلوت نم تنكمت ةيرامعملا تاجاتنلا يأ ةفرعمل اهنيب .ةفلتخم راكفأ Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning, Vol. 19 (2020), Issue 1, Pages 1-12 2 Introduction In past few years, the architectural activity witnessed global architectural products that simulate and conform to the criteria of architectural creativity from the side of formal formation and the respect of ideas of culture and local architectural heritage, this requires highlighting the philosophy of abstraction to find a contemporary architectural style stemming from a flexible concept featured by local architecture. Thus, the relationship between heritage architectural values and contemporary architectural trends must be studied. Architectural trends have emerged calling for the application of concepts and patterns that represent the integration between heritage and contemporary aspects in terms of architectural formation as it is in postmodern architecture, it attempted to restore the human dimension, cultural and historical identity of the architecture. This requires an analysis of the architectural projects with heritage values through the philosophy of abstraction and investigating several concepts to be used in contemporary local architecture and defining the set of local heritage architectural values that ensure the continuation of the local identity. Defining heritage values contributes to building a future vision for architectural productions in such a manner that equals contemporary with heritage, where both influence each other to reach architectural products featured by contemporary architectural creativity and linked to the local identity. The research problem was: The presence of a knowledge gap about the abstraction of contemporary heritage architectural values in local architecture. Research Objective: Activating the role of the abstraction philosophy in the formal formations for each vocabulary of heritage and contemporary architectures in terms of architectural elements. Research_ Methodology: Building a knowledge framework about the concept of abstraction of architectural values and contemporary architecture to extract vocabularies and indicators related to contemporary local architecture. Conducting a comparison through the vocabularies and indicators that were obtained between abstracting heritage architectural values and contemporary architecture. Research results and conclusions. The concept of heritage and heritage architecture Heritage is a name given to the total outcomes of the previous civilizations that are inherited from the Ancestors, and it the product of human experiences, desires and sensations, whether in the fields of science, thought or literature, and it extends to include all the material and emotional aspects of society, including philosophy, religion, art and urbanism That heritage forms a living element on which the lives of human societies are based this day and continues to the future, it grants the human society advantages that make it different from other societies, because heritage is preserved, recorded and transmitted from one generation to another. In fact, heritage is considered -in its original formstored in the society, and it is an identifier to the nature of human behavior in its daily life. Thus, it does not represent a physical stock only or a theoretical, conceptual entity in its own right; instead, it appears in two levels, material imaginary. (Jelawy, 2013, P 3). Heritage represents a source of creativity, since it is a product of religious beliefs, social and mythical circumstances ..., which were embodied in magnificent artistic images to express these beliefs and conditions, and rooted in the conscience of the groups. Heritage has a link to generations over time, as it gives people a sense of their roots in history. Heritage architecture, with its material and moral components, represents a real civilized vision that reflects prosperity and development of life and continues as an architectural heritage and distinctive milestones across generations to achieve societal communication through previous experiences and cultures. It is considered the front expressing human civilizations (Kloppen, 1999, P28-32). Thus, heritage architecture is considered one of the ancient architectural monuments that reflect sequenced and accumulated experiences that respect the environmental, cultural, social and aesthetic privacy and driven from the components of nature to harmonize the human cultural values with nature and space. Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning, Vol. 19 (2020), Issue 1, Pages 1-12 3 Heritage architecture, with this, represents architectural products that hold heritage values that have a clear identity, recognized material goals through originality, accumulated experiences and investing the components of the era to achieve their continuity throughout the ages. The concept of abstraction philosophy Abstraction explains the process of reformulating reality artistically. It is the process of moving from simulating nature and the outside world to thinking and feeling the internal philosophical thought. This reality is translated using engineering forms to simplify natural forms and enable them workable and Installable from an engineering point of view (Richard, 1999, P xi-xii). The mind forms the masses with the help of latent human thought, and the abstract masses have been expressed sensibly and correctly understood by humankind (Ali, 1999, p34). Thus, abstraction is simplifying the forms and elements that exist in nature to create formative configurations that express single or multiple complex blocks that achieve formative complexity from a form featured by simplicity (Raafat, 1997, P298) as shown in "Fig. 1".ion explains the process of reformulating reality artistically. It is the process of moving from simulating nature and the outside world to thinking and feeling the internal philosophical thought. This reality is translated using engineering forms to simplify natural forms and enable them workable and Installable from an engineering point of view (Richard, 1999, P xi-xii). The mind forms the masses with the help of latent human thought, and the abstract masses have been expressed sensibly and correctly understood by humankind (Ali, 1999, p34). Thus, abstraction is simplifying the forms and elements that exist in nature to create formative configurations that express single or multiple complex blocks that achieve formative complexity from a form featured by simplicity (Raafat, 1997, P298) as shown in "Fig. 1". Second stage of thinking First stage of thinking "Figure 1" shows the thinking process that a figure goes through/ researchers Abstraction is the process of separating initial objects from secondary, casual, and variable. It helps to move from the cumulative perceptual level to theoretical cognitive level, based on the realizing commons in terms of formation and constriction on concepts, principles, rules, laws, and theories (Hamdi,2009,P76). Procedural definition of abstraction: It is the collection and integration of formal elements and expressive values, and moving away from the source of inspiration to discover multiple relationships and aesthetic values that meet to achieve formal integration through the values that the individual seeks to achieve.ion is the process of separating


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Madsen, Henrik Breuning, 1978: Possibilities and limitations of black-and-white aerial photographs in soil surveying. Geografisk Tidsskrift 77:43–48 Kobenhavn, June 1, 1978. The paper describes advantages and disadvantages by using panchromatic black-and-white photographs for soil surveying. Two areas different as to drainage conditions, texture, and pedological development were investigated. It was found that the aerial photographs were useful for drawing soil boundaries when combined with field studies (drilling and profile description).


We use data on cross-border e-commerce between EU Member States to estimate the implied cross-border trade cost reduction when consumers move from offline to online consumption. We plug this trade cost estimate into a macro-sector multi-country CGE model to estimate the impact of online retailing on consumers as well as producers. We find that cross-border e-commerce increases real household consumption. However, the domestic spill-over effect squeezes price margins in the retail sector and has a negative output effect for that sector. The resulting retail sector efficiency gains have a positive effect on production in other sectors. The combined macro-economic effect of these transmission channels is generally positive for EU Member States, ranging between 0.07 and 0.25 per cent of GDP. As such, this paper adds an innovative macro-perspective to existing micro-economic estimates of the impact of e-commerce on consumer welfare.


SCOPE
Atherosclerosis is the underlying pathogenesis of cardiovascular events caused by inflammation, and dietary intervention has been recommended as one fundamental prevention strategy. Herein, we investigated the anti-arteriosclerotic properties of quercetin by modulating galectin-3 (Gal-3)-NLR family, pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) pathway.

METHODS AND RESULTS
Atherosclerotic plaques from ApoE-/- mice fed by high-fat diet (HFD) with or without quercetin intervention (100 mg/kg·bw) for 16 weeks, and carotid plaques from patients with carotid stenosis were collected for histopathological examinations and molecular mechanism assays. Quercetin significantly alleviated atherosclerotic lesions and reduced lipid retention caused by HFD. Proteomic technology identified Gal-3 was increased by HFD but lowered by quercetin. Furthermore, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry exhibited higher expressions of Gal-3 and NLRP3 in carotid plaques and plaques from HFD-fed mice, which were concurrently downregulated by quercetin. Similar to TD139, quercetin dramatically suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation in ox-LDL-laden macrophages, and accordingly alleviated cellular steatosis and IL-1β secretion, which was abolished by recombinant Gal-3. Co-immunoprecipitation showed Gal-3 binding to NLRP3 promoted inflammasome activation.

CONCLUSION
Gal-3 initiates inflammatory lesions by activating NLRP3 inflammasome which functions as a candidate target of quercetin exerting favorable anti-atherogenic effects. Our findings highlight a promising strategy for atherosclerosis prevention and treatment by naturally-occurring quercetin. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Elderburia: Aging with a Sense of Place in America, by Philip Stafford, is a book elucidating research from the AdvantAge Initiative, which has piloted the project in 10 American cities. The initiative is a capacity-building project designed to identify and develop resources to make communities more elder-friendly. The project created and implemented a theoretically driven understanding of elder friendly communities: addressing basic needs, optimizing physical and mental well-being, promoting social and civic engagement, and maximizing independence for frail and disabled older adults. It has been funded through the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation and the John A. Hartford Foundation, among others. Stafford reliably reports data from retirement research and the AdvantAge Initiative, while sharing his work with the Initiative from anthropological and phenomenological points of view. Altogether, the book offers an interesting mix of scientific data, stories from participants, Stafford's personal observations about how communities change, and practical resources for implementing a change process in creating a more elder friendly community. Perhaps the most radical notion of Elderburia is how society needs to alter environments to assist older adults, not just to survive, but also to enhance one's meaning and memory making as a community. Elderburbia seeks answers to how suburban communities get ready for the aging of our society, not just through retrofitting homes and making places for older adults to go play bingo, but also through creating places for older adults to gather and to remember—to sustain not just individual, but also bodily and collective, memory. It is commonly assumed that most baby boomers will relocate in retirement to places like Florida or Sun City, but Stafford employs retirement research in forecasting that most will stay in the suburbs where they currently live. Boomers will tend to age in place, just like their parents. Given that likelihood, Stafford challenges readers to consider place, not just as a location, but also as a setting where meaning and memory can be cultivated. Are there local eateries for people to gather and hang out, benches on the town square where people can congregate to watch the traffic or discuss politics? Or sweet little places that bring people together socially?


1. Introduction, Benno Ferrarini, Raghbendra Jha, and Arief Ramayandi 2. Analytical Approaches to Assessing Public Debt Sustainability, Raghbendra Jha 3. Public Debt Sustainability Assessments for Developing Asia, Benno Ferrarini and Arief Ramayandi 4. Public Debt Sustainability and Hidden Liabilities in People's Republic of China, Richard Hemming 5. Public Debt Sustainability and Fiscal Management in India, Mukul G. Asher 6. Public Debt Sustainability and Fiscal Vulnerability in Viet Nam, Charles Adams 7. Conclusions and Other Country Perspectives, Benno Ferrarini, Raghbendra Jha, and Arief Ramayandi


A new programming language—Quasi-Natural Language and an implementation of this language—Kaimeng language processing platform is introduced in this paper. This language focuses on knowledge representation. Knowledge appears mainly in two forms in this language: data structures and suitable operations. It is designed to program at higher level than traditional programming language, to deal with abstract concepts and complicated cases. The elements of language are unlimited words in a form close to natural language. Both the extension and intension of vocabulary are expandable. The alphabet or character accepted by computer in any natural language may be used in this language, e.g., Chinese, English even mixture of multi-language.


The paper presents a fiber-optic pulse wave sensor based on extrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometer. The interferometer is formed by the end faces of optical fibers, glued to a glass capillary. The sensor was interrogated by means of spectral interferometry approach. The features of the pulse wave signal as small as 100 pm were clearly observed in the demodulated waveform. The proposed sensor can be used for medical diagnostics and vital signs monitoring.


Maria loves cakes. She can always tell you which local cake shop has the freshest whipped cream, the richest cheese cake, the vanilla slice which melts in your mouth or the lightest puff pastry. She also knows which of these shops is nearest to home and which is furthest away, yet she can't explain to her friend, who lives in another part of the town, which of them would be her nearest cake shop. Anna often takes her dog for a walk and she likes to let him wander off the lead. On one of their walks she discovered a car-free track between two rows of houses: an excellent shortcut for walking to school. It's always David who decides where he and his friends will play football in their neighbourhood: he not only knows where, but also when to play so that the neighbours don't complain about the noise. Mark stopped wanting to go to school on his own because of a menacing drunk he always encountered on the way. When Louis showed him another route, frequented by more people and with fewer risks, he was very relieved. These fictitious, but plausible, examples illustrate some of the types of skills which form part of environmental competence. They also show the different types of relationships which exist between children and their everyday environment. What does knowing your own neighbourhood or, on a wider basis, the environment in which one lives, mean?


Abstract The structural evolution of quartz-type iron phosphate, FePO4, was studied by time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction from 294 K up to 1073 K. The refined structural parameters of the low-temperature α phase tend towards the values obtained for high-temperature β-quartz-type FePO4. In particular, the Fe—O—P bridging angles increase and the tetrahedral tilt angles decrease strongly as the α–β phase transition at 980 K is approached. Important discontinuities in these structural parameters are observed at this first-order transition. Thermal expansion in the α phase is strongly non-linear and dominated by these angular variations. There is essentially no thermal expansion in the β phase due to the absence of these mechanisms. The behavior in the α phase is distinct from those of other α-quartz homeotypes in that the angular variations are greater than for the other materials, including SiO2 and AlPO4, and do not scale with the initial structural distortion. This may be an indication of a dynamic instability in α-quartz-type FePO4.


In the paper, the frequency effect on low-cycle fatigue of pseudoelastic shape memory alloys (SMAs) is investigated. To this end, tensile fatigue tests of NiTi wires are performed in both stress and strain control modes. It is shown that the fatigue behaviour of SMA is not only frequency dependent (see Yahui and al. 2016) but also strongly loading mode dependent. This is due to the strong thermomechanical coupling. As the frequency increases, the temperature of the specimen changes and significantly impacts the cyclic behavior and the fatigue lifetime which become loading mode dependent. Under strain control, the stress-strain curve plateau and its slope increase. Thus, the stress associated with the phase transformation increases, which accelerates the crack nucleation and causes a reduction of fatigue lifetime. The situation is more complicated in the case of stress control. In fact, since the maximum stress is fixed, the increase of the stress plateau during phase change process induces a reduction of the number of austenite-martensite interfaces. And, since fatigue cracks nucleate in these interfaces, fatigue lifetime is enhanced. Hence, fatigue lifetime is influenced by two antagonist effects: the increase of the stress plateau and the reduction of the number of austenite-martensite interfaces which are potential locations of crack nucleation: For relative low stress level, fatigue lifetime is dominated by the number of interfaces. For high stress level, the evolution of fatigue lifetime is controlled by the stress plateau level, and  for intermediate stress level, the two effects are counterbalanced, as a consequence the fatigue lifetime become frequency independent. A total strain energy based fatigue model that captures all the aforementioned effects is proposed. Comparison between theoretical predictions and experimental results shows very good agreements for different loading ratios.


In everyday life, traffic accidents often occur on the highway. The road users are often not disciplined with the traffic signs that have been made by the government. Some of the road users, or pedestrians, have high possibility to get traffic accidents if the road is not supported by the infrastructure or facilities that are appropriate to the pedestrians. Vehicle drivers often do not pay attention to the existence of other road users such as pedestrians who want to cross the road. To overcome these problems, the government provides pedestrians with crossing facilities, such as zebra crossing, to minimize pedestrian accidents. However, sometimes the provisions of zebra crossing are ignored by the road users. Therefore, the productivity of zebra crossing needs to be assessed, so it can be known which zebra crossings are actually needed and used by pedestrians and which ones are not. Determining the utilization of zebra crossing can be done by work sampling method. Zebra crossing which became the object of observation consisted of 27 zebra crossings located in Malang city and its


Objective:To observe the EEG characteristics and the relationship with the clinical signs in children with tuberous sclerosis. Methods: The clinical data and EEG of 36 children with tuberous sclerosis were analyzed retrospectively. Results:EEG was found abnormal in 26 children out of 36 ones, at a abnormal rate of 72.2%. Twenty four of them displayed epileptiform discharges. local EEG changes were noted in 15 out of 26 children with abnormal EEG.The clinical seizures were controlled well in those with normal EEG and most of them had a well developed intelligence, Local EEG changes were closely related with the clinical localized signs but not with the local changes on cranial CT.Conclusions: Epileptiform discharges might be common in children with tuberous sclevosis EEG mainly display local changes, and it might be closely related with the clinical localized signs bnt not with the local changes on cranial CT.


In a predefined subanalysis of the Assessment of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy With Drug Eluting Stents (ADAPT-DES) study, Weisz et al1 found an association between co-prescription of clopidogrel and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and higher rates of major adverse cardiac events. Similar to prior studies,2 increased platelet reactivity on PPI therapy was demonstrated.1 However, although increased platelet reactivity was associated with a higher incidence of stent thrombosis (ST),3 PPI use was not associated with a statistically significant increase in either ST or myocardial infarction after adjustment.1

Rather, the difference in major adverse cardiac event observed in ADAPT-DES seems to have been primarily driven by revascularization, …


World-wide trends in the development of automatic control of sugar processes in recent decades were reviewed in this paper. l'.:* After a backgrounder, the development of automatic control. process, in terms of cost effectiveness and benefits were discussed. Then its influence on process technology, together with questions of work organization and levels of automation, and finally, the social effects of automation were enumerated. In the course of the review, the details of control installations worked upon personally by the authors at various times and locations were given, with the most, detailed case being automatic pan boiling, and the most reicknt control installation being in 1979 at Batangas. Comparison is made of control practices in both beet and cane factory processes.