19 Articles in PresS. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol (April 6, 2011). doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00287.2010 Copyright © 2011 by the American Physiological Society. 2 Hyperglycemia and hypoxia have independent and convergent roles in the development 20 of renal disease. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFβ1) is a key cytokine promoting the 21 production of extracellular matrix proteins. The cationic-independent mannose 6-phosphate 22 receptor (CI-M6PR) is a membrane protein that binds M6P containing proteins. A key role is to 23 activate latent TGFβ1. PXS25, a novel CI-MPR inhibitor, has antifibrotic properties in skin 24 fibroblasts but its role in renal fibrosis is unclear. Aim: To study the role of PXS25 in matrix 25 protein production under high glucose ± hypoxic conditions in human proximal tubule (HK-2) 26 cells. Methods: HK-2 cells were exposed to high glucose (30mM) ± 100μM PXS25 in both 27 normoxic (20% O2) and hypoxic (1% O2) conditions for 72 hours. Cellular fibronectin, collagen 28 IV and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 were assessed. Total and active TGFβ1 29 were measured by ELISA. Results: High glucose and hypoxia independently induced TGFβ1 30 production. Active TGFβ1, but not total TGFβ1 was reduced with concurrent PXS25 in the 31 presence of high glucose, but not in hyperglycemia + hypoxia conditions. Hyperglycemia 32 induced fibronectin and collagen IV production (p<0.05), as did hypoxia, but only 33 hyperglycemia induced increases in matrix proteins were suppressed by concurrent PXS25 34 exposure. High glucose induced MMP-2 and -9 in normoxic and hypoxic conditions, which was 35 not modified in the presence of PXS25. Conclusion: High glucose and hypoxia can 36 independently induce endogenous active TGFβ1 production in human proximal tubular cells. 37 PXS25 inhibits conversion of high glucose induced released of active TGFβ1, only in the 38 absence of hypoxia. 39


Despite our best intentions to live according to carefully planned goals, life has a tendency to express itself in curious ways and unexpected outcomes. Now nearing the conclusion of my medical career I come to realise that serendipity had as much intervened in my life as anything I had under my control. If I could identify the things I have done right without trying, and pass that experience on to young people, then I would be smart as opposed to just lucky. I came to the US from my native Argentina when I was half my present age, with the firm determination to do something significant in vascular research. However, this goal was as broad as the subject itself, and looking for opportunities was a humbling experience. The opportunity came all of sudden while I was attending my very first vascular meeting, as a first year resident. The keynote speaker of the February 1978 meeting of the Society of Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology (SCVIR) was scheduled last in the program, not because of the importance of his subject but as a perverse way to keep the audience from dwindling during the last session on a late Friday afternoon. The speaker was none other than Andreas Gruentzig in one of his first presentations in the US of a fascinating new way to treat vascular disease, balloon angioplasty. I was seated in the first row of the crowded, small room so I had a good look at the young man, who was dynamic and engaging. Gruentzig came across as both brilliant and honest as he showed his early experiences promising, but not free of pitfalls. In fact, he spent as much time talking about failures as he did about successes. He showed several angiograms and histological sections of the new evil resulting from the brand new technique. Acute post-angioplasty dissection and occlusion were the unpredictable complications arising after deflation and withdrawal of the angioplasty balloon. My mind has always seemed to seek a solution whenever a problem is presented to it. The faltering arterial wall after balloon angioplasty elicited for me the image of crumbling soil in oil drilling, requiring the placement of a metal tube casing. On the way to the New Orleans airport in the front seat of the cab with my boss Stewart Reuter, I commented on Gruentzig's new technique and a potential solution to its limitations. Stewart, who was the president of the SCVIR that year, thought that I ought to write up the idea as a way to exercise my medical writing abilities. The report I produced, after some bibliographic research and work at home, constituted the written evidence of the first conception of the idea, and would prove an important document in court battles 20 years later.


The frame preemption mechanism in Time-Sensitive Networking can effectively improve the transmission latency performance of express frames. However, in different network operating environments, express frame latency presents complex dynamic characteristics. In response to the complexity of express frame latency characteristics under frame preemption conditions, this article first analyzes the operation principle of the frame preemption mechanism and provides a calculation method for the latency of express frames. Then, considering the impact of link utilization and preemptable frame length on the average latency of express frames, we design a simulation analysis algorithm for the latency characteristics of express frames. Finally, using the proposed algorithm, we analyze the average latency, latency randomness, jitter, and latency boundary characteristics of express frames. The research results are valuable for engineering reference for the effective application of the TSN network frame preemption mechanism.


In this presentation, We will explain how social media through Media Framing, Hostile Press Perceptions, Selectivity, and Spiral of Silence with the goal of connecting our theories and social media.


Partofthechallenge, whenissuing transceiver chips forthetelecommunication market today, is notonly tomakea consistent choice between a set standards, butalsoto choosetheadequate technology. Depending on the standards characteristics andtheproposed architecture the choice will leadeither toSystem on chip or to System onmodule solutions.


The scaling of physical, biological, ecological and social phenomena is a major focus of efforts to develop simple representations of complex systems. Much of the attention has been on discovering universal scaling laws that emerge from simple physical and geometric processes. However, there are regular patterns of departures both from those scaling laws and from continuous distributions of attributes of systems. Those departures often demonstrate the development of self-organized interactions between living systems and physical processes over narrower ranges of scale.

Keywords:

resilience;
panarchy;
cross-scale;
complex systems;
discontinuities


With development of distribution network continually , there are some problems on parallel operation of automatic compensation arc-sup pression devices of various kinds. Based on the research of arc-suppression coi ls, in this paper several parallel operation modes are proposed, such as automat ic parallel mode, master-slave parallel mode and central control parallel mode. Furthermore, these three parallel modes are compared so that their advantages, disadvantages and application sites are illuminated. It is beneficial to the actual operation of arc-suppression coils.


ABSTRACT A central aim of university teaching is to transform students' conceptual understanding of disciplinary knowledge. In order to achieve this, lecturers make decisions on subject matter and teaching approaches. However, there seems to be little attention for the role of subject matter pedagogy in university teaching. This study aims to explore a knowledge base of teaching through lecturers' accounts of a relation between subject matter, theory and practice in Child and Education Studies (CES). Four narratives of the lecturers suggest that subject matter is central to how a relation between theory and practice is taught. At the same time, orientation towards teaching was relevant to teaching subject matter. Furthermore, the analysis revealed that every lecture runs into their own limits when teaching theory and practice. The findings suggest that university pedagogy is informed by specific subjects rather than the discipline. Implications for teaching and academic development are discussed.


The main subject studies effect of the heat sterilization,packaging and storage conditions on cooked sweet potatoes quality.On a high after oven sweet potatoes as raw materials in different heat sterilization,packaging and storage conditions,and its weight loss,sensory quality,aging,and microbial growth conditions were studied.The results show that the thickness of 0.12 mm vacuum bags of cooked sweet potatoes less impact on weight loss and water retention is best;cooked sweet potatoes had been frozen at-18 ℃ and stored 60 d,the bacteria and mildew counts were not exceeded;cooked sweet potatoes of 2~4 ℃ cooling stored 9 d had lower degree of gelatinization,starch degree of aging was relatively high.


Outlines are given of a theoretical model for predicting the spectral and spatial distributions of radiation scattered at rough interfaces of optical coatings, as well as the apparatus for measuring these distributions in terms of differential scattering coefficients (DSC). Measurements of DSC for a reflector, narrow-band spectral filters deposited at two extremes of substrate temperature and an uncoated substrate are compared with the corresponding theoretical predictions. The values of DSC integrated over all space are also compared with the predictions of the model and with values of the total integrated scatter (TIS) obtained from photometric observations of the direct transmittance and reflectance of the filter coatings.


The radiation pressure (actually stress) of a propagating elastic wave is found to depend directly on the acoustic nonlinearity parameters of the solid and the energy density of the wave. The nonlinearity parameters are dependent upon the lattice vibrational properties of the solid and are a measure of the anharmonicity of the interatomic potential. interatomic anharmonicity in generating the acoustic radiation pressure is established. The dominant role of


Nell Irvin Painter. The History of White People. New York: W. W. Norton, 2010. xii + 496 pp. Illustrations, notes, and index. $27.95 (cloth); $17.95 (paper). In her new book, The History of White People, Nell Painter offers a detailed survey of racial whiteness as a political rather than biological category. She shows that the category of "white people" has been comprised of ever-changing, politi- cally determined groupings of disparate peoples, based on shifting criteria and distinguished from supposed nonwhite "races" of people. As Painter herself notes, her book might more accurately be titled "Con- structions of White Americans from Antiquity to the Present"; or, as Edmund Morgan and Marie Morgan suggested recently in The New York Review of Books, it might "have been called The Making of White America, for it is devoted to the white Americans who started the United States in 1776 and experienced successive 'enlargements' of white immigrants." 1 It is not a global history of "white people." Moreover, Painter's book comes after some twenty years of critical white studies, which built upon earlier critical analyses of American whiteness by black and Native American writers like David Walker, W. E. B. Du Bois, Sarah Winnemucca, and James Baldwin. Therefore, The History of White People is not groundbreaking in the manner of, say, Du Bois' Black Reconstruction (1935) or David Roediger's The Wages of Whiteness (1991). What Painter provides, however, is considerable: a thorough, highly readable, and— aside from how it skips over the colonial period—comprehensive study of American whiteness, with a wealth of telling stories and details. She ranges over such topics as European ideas about the ancient lineage of the peoples that we have come to call white people; white slavery; the Eurocentric racial aesthetics and science of "white beauty"; how the term "Caucasian" came to be a scientific designation for "white people"; the influence of nineteenth- century German racial thought on U.S. racial thought; the Anglo-Saxonist racist ideas of the great American writer Ralph Waldo Emerson; nineteenth- and twentieth-century ideas about distinct and unequal white races; and, centrally, the gradually expanding category of peoples who are considered to be full- fledged "white" Americans.


On the basis of introducing the status of potassium resources and its development,and analyzing balance of supply-demand of potash fertilizer at home and abroad,the influences of international potash fertilizer market on potash fertilizer production and supply-demand relations in China were discussed.Suggestions of resolving the problem of Chinese potash fertilizer supply relying on international market were put forward.These suggestions included: speeding up the construction of potash fertilizer production base in China,building potash fertilizer production base abroad and purchasing shares or stock right of foreign potash mines etc.


Abstract. Adoption of silvopasture is increasing, but proper design and management of pasture–tree associations is required to sustain pasture productivity. Our objective was to compare agronomic and physiological characteristics of Brachiaria brizantha (Hochst. Ex A.Rich.) Stapf. (palisade grass) cv. Marandu growing in monoculture, or in silvopasture with Eucalyptus urograndis, in the Brazilian Amazon biome. Trees were planted in triple rows (intra-row spacing 3 m, inter-row spacing 3.5 m), referred to as a grove, with three groves per 2-ha silvopasture experimental unit. Space between groves was 30 m, and tree density was 270 ha–1. From October 2015 to September 2016, all experimental units were stocked continuously with cattle by using a variable stocking rate to maintain a Marandu canopy height of 30 cm. In the silvopasture, sampling occurred at 4, 7.5 and 15 m into the non-treed area from the outer tree row in a grove. Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) reaching the Marandu canopy averaged 21% less for silvopasture than for grass monoculture; however, forage accumulation was not different between systems, nor were Marandu stomatal conductance, water-use efficiency (WUE), transpiration rate, transpiration ratio and leaf temperature. In silvopasture, PAR and forage accumulation were 33% and 29% less, respectively, at the 4-m distance than the 15-m distance from the edge row of trees, associated with lower transpiration rate and transpiration rate and greater WUE. We conclude that Marandu palisade grass can tolerate PAR reduction in silvopasture up to ∼20% without reduction in forage accumulation, supporting its potential use in agroforestry systems for cattle production in the Brazilian Amazon Biome.


For producing hydrogen peroxide the suitability of stable polymeric nitroxyls as reaction carriers was investigated. These can be hydrogenated to the corresponding hydroxylamines, which are oxidized by oxygen exclusively to hydrogen peroxide and nitroxyls. The yield of hydrogen peroxide was determined in different solvents, at different reaction times and temperatures. Possible side reactions for the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide were investigated. The activation energy for the oxidation of polymeric hydroxylamine with oxygen in DMSO was calculated to be 67 kJ/mol.


Water-base epoxy acrylate and polyurethane acrylate are synthesized as the oligomers of UV curing coating for wood floor. During UV curing the water-base coatings which are prepared with the two oligoners have excellent properties.


In the literature on directly unproductive profit seeking or rent seeking, intervention-seeking by labor and industry groups is generally restricted to direct lobbying activity. However, import-competing producers may have an additional instrument to influence the decision to grant protection. Under well-established injury criteria for protection import-competing producers have an incentive, either collectively or individually, to feign injury. To the extent that the free-rider problem can be overcome, orchestrating the appearance of injury is an intervention-seeking activity that may be complementary to DUP lobbying. When the established indicators of industry well-being include variables controlled by the prospective beneficiaries, therefore, free trade under prospect of protection is potentially accompanied by a concomitant spurious-injury distortion. Some of the positive and welfare implications of the theory of spurious injury are investigated in both a partial equilibrium framework and in the Heckscher-Ohlin model. t we thank Jagdish Bhagwati, Robert Stern, Gordon Tullock and two anonymous referees for their helpful cornments and suggestions. we also thank Alan Deardorff for a productive discussion in the early stages of this paper's developrnent. The views expressed are those of the authors and should not be attributed to the GATT1 Secretariat.


During the Japanese invasion of Manchuria, the'North Korean Route' connecting Manchuria and Japan on which artillery was transported served as a pipeline for the exploitation of physical resources. The 'North Korean Route' was designed to connect the Manchurian and Chos?n railways to the three ports of North Korea. Ships and vessels sailing from these three ports in North Korea could arrive at various ports in Japan by crossing the East Sea. The Japanese colonial government was aware of the importance of this North Korean route well before it even began to plan its invasion of the Chinese mainland. Having begun to construct railways in North Korea in the aftermath of the Russo-Japanese War, Japan completed the Hamgy?ng Route in 1928. It also completed the Jilin-Dunhua Railway in Manchuria. The importance of the three ports in North Korea connected to the Jilin-Hoery?ng Railway and Dalian became even more evident in the aftermath of the Manchurian Incident of 1931. The Japanese military established plans to dominate transportation networks in Manchuria that revolved around the establishment of the two largest harbors in the area. The Chinese Eastern Railway (CER) managed by Russia sound found itself to be a direct competitor to the proposed 'North Korean Route'. The Manchurian economy had long been divided into the zones occupied by the conflicting Chinese Eastern Railway and Southern Manchurian Railway zones. Russia, which had established a policy of avoid conflicts with Japan and Manchukuo, sold the Chinese Eastern Railway (CER) to Manchukuo when the profitability of the latter began to decline. This in essence marked the integration of the East and South Manchurian economies. Under these circumstances in which Japanese and Chos?n resources flowed into Manchuria, the influence of Harbin decreased as North Manchuria became a rear base for the 'North Korean Route'. The three ports of North Korea played an important role in the implementation of the theory of the unity ofChos?n and Manchuria that was heavily promoted at the time. They competed with each other to become the terminal port of Jilin-Hoery?ng Railway and also cooperated with one another in resolving pressing issues in the region. Competition and conflict did however surface between the provinces and military authorities of Japan, Manchukuo and Chos?n. In addition, a competition also emerged between the three ports of North Korea over regional development. Nevertheless, the economic cooperation network based on the 'North Korean Route' and 'three ports of North Korea' continued to function until the collapse of Japanese imperialism.


Skeleton-based action recognition relies on the extraction of spatial-temporal topological information. Hypergraphs can establish prior unnatural dependencies for the skeleton. However, the existing methods only focus on the construction of spatial topology and ignore the time-point dependence. This paper proposes a dynamic spatial-temporal hypergraph convolutional network (DST-HCN) to capture spatial-temporal information for skeleton-based action recognition. DST-HCN introduces a time-point hypergraph (TPH) to learn relationships at time points. With multiple spatial static hypergraphs and dynamic TPH, our network can learn more complete spatial-temporal features. In addition, we use the high-order information fusion module (HIF) to fuse spatial-temporal information synchronously. Extensive experiments on NTU RGB+D, NTU RGB+D 120, and NW-UCLA datasets show that our model achieves state-of-the-art, especially compared with hypergraph methods.


AbstractThe present study replicated an earlier analysis of teacher-raters' judgments of quality of writing affected by a sentence-combining (SC) treatment (5). It also examined similar judgments of free writing samples collected eight weeks after the treatment period, /-test analysis of results (employing a matched-pairs design) confirmed the findings of earlier studies and showed that differences in judgments of quality at posttest remain significantly different at the delayed posttest. Thus, even though gains in syntactic maturity erode significantly, gains in judgments of quality apparently do not.


As digital system clock rates increase, the susceptibility to failure in synchronizing asynchronous inputs increases. Because of this phenomena, the need for flip flops in high speed technologies that can resist becoming metastable and recover quickly has also increased. SONET and ATM are typical applications where there are concerns regarding metastability. This paper presents the results of characterizing a high speed GaAs digital logic family, SCFL (Source Coupled FET Logic) for metastability and the efforts to improve the metastability characteristics of the flip flops. An architecture which shows a significant reduction in failure rate was designed, simulated, fabricated, and characterized.


Techniques were used to concentrate and fractionate the polar feeding stimulant for the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis Boheman, that is found in the buds of cotton, Gossypiun hirsutum L., Delta Pine Smooth Leaf. An active fraction could be extracted from freeze-dehydrated bud powder with water after successive extractions with several less polar solvents and, consequently, after removal of hydrocarbons, carotenoids, terpenoids, and flavonoids. The major active polar principle extractable with water was not absorbed on a weak cation exchange resin and was precipitated with lead ions. Studies by gel permeation suggested a moderate molecular weight <2000) for the active constituent (s) and eliminated proteins, large peptides, and polysaccharides with high molecular weights. Moderate feeding activity was found in methanol extracts of cotton buds in a fraction containing acidic components, but no active phenolic or carboxylic acid was isolated. Strong feeding activity was retained after fractions from methanol extracts were treated to remove or degrade flavonoid glycosides (and other glycosides), although 2 flavonoids with modest activity were isolated.


Law students in Australia experience high rates of depression and anxiety. This article reports findings from an empirical study investigating the relation between law students' levels of psychological distress and their experiences of law school. The study was undertaken at Melbourne Law School and the sample included students from both the LLB and JD programs. While Melbourne JD students expressed a significantly higher level of satisfaction with studying law, and their course experience, than Melbourne LLB students, there were no statistically significant differences in the levels of depression, anxiety and stress reported by students in each cohort. This finding suggests that overall course satisfaction does not have a direct effect on students' levels of psychological distress. More particularly, it indicates that various program features that improve students' experience of law school do not automatically result in improved levels of student wellbeing. In this way, the study offers new insight into the relationship between students' experiences of law school and their levels of psychological distress.


Abstract Capt Henry Wemyss Feilden RA, an amateur naturalist with particular interests in ornithology, was appointed by the Royal Society of London to serve as one of two naturalists with the British Arctic Expedition of 1875–76, which wintered off northern Ellesmere Island under the command of Capt G. S. Nares RN. Feilden took part in several sledging journeys, and made important collections and observations, especially on the geology and biology of the region.


In this paper, the design and analysis of a dual reflector antenna, called the axial displaced ellipse antenna, to be used in radiolink communication has been made. A cylindrical waveguide is used to feed the antenna. For the ISM band, which is used without license in the C band, 4.5-6.5 GHz frequencies are taken into account. The 'CST Microwave Studio' program was used for the simulation. The aim of this study is to design a high-gain antenna in the desired frequency band so that the signal can be transmitted with a narrow beam between the receiving and transmitting antennas used for point-to-point communication.


It is offered to form the coordinated commissions of experts on the basis of the mathematical analysis of functional matrixes. Method verification at acceptance of administrative decisions in activity of divisions of private security police on optimum alignment of forces and means, to the decision of organizational-regular and other questions is spent.


Although the phrase "digital art" is now widely used, its history and development may be traced back to long ago. Digital art offers artists a variety of platforms on which to develop their ideas and further their artistic endeavours. The development of technology is being used by several digital artists in India to produce innovative concepts and ideas. Through the use of digital tools and technology, artists are channeling their ideas into representation. Anandamoy Banerji and Ranbir Kaleka are two well-known Indian painters whose works have been included in this study to examine the history and development of digital art. Their work showcase the wonderful amalgamation of technology with the fusion of creativity and imagination.


A fiber optic strain and vibration sensors (FOSVS) has been newly developed for application to health monitoring of structures. FOSVS is a fiber optic gap sensor and composed of two multimode cantilever and reflector fibers, a broad-band light, two photo detectors and a FBG filter. Reflected interference signal from the sensor was used for measuring axial displacement of the cantilever fiber, which is converted to strain. On the other hand, transmitted light power through the reflector fiber, which is converted deflection of the cantilever fiber, was used to measure transverse acceleration applied to the sensor. From the experimental and theoretical results, it appeared that the sensor could measure the axial strain and the transverse acceleration correctly. Furthermore it has been proven that the sensor characteristic is predictable by simple elastic beam theory. From the present results, it can be concluded that the FOSVS sensor has practical capability of simultaneous measurement of strain and vibration


Accurate face alignment is a vital step for most face perception tasks. In this paper, we proposed a new approach based on improved face shape searching for face alignment. It begins with a shape space that contains diverse shapes. Unlike previous shape searching method that processes its every shape searching in the whole sample space, our method first train the random forest classifiers by training samples and partition the whole shape space into multiple sub-spaces, and then we process our shape searching in sub-spaces. Finally, we employ cascaded regression to achieve face alignment. Our method demonstrates its obvious decreases in searching time and its good robustness in unconstrained environment on three challenging datasets.


The performance of a guardrail system depends on many factors where the interaction between the soil and the post plays a major role in the vehicle response. In this study, a computer simulation model of a rigid impactor impacting a roadside post has been developed and the interaction of cohesionless soil with a W152 × 13.4 post was studied and compared to the existing dynamic test results from the published literature. Two approaches have been studied: the continuum method where the soil was modelled as a solid element with Drucker and Prager material law and an upgraded subgrade approach where the soil was modelled as a system of parallel springs and dampers with a lumped mass attached to the post. The results of the new subgrade method and the continuum method were compared to the dynamic test. The new method shows very close results to the dynamic tests.


March, 1957, a treaty designed to institute a European Economic Community (European Common Market) was signed in Rome by the representatives of six countries : Belgium, France, West Germany, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands. Having been ratified by the respective parliaments before the end of last year, the treaty became operative as of January 1, 1958, and it represents the formal embodiment of persistent efforts to bring about a substantial degree of economic integration within Western Europe.1 During a transitional period of from twelve to fifteen years, the members have agreed to eliminate all customs duties, quantitative restrictions and other formal obstacles to trade among themselves and to bring about the free movement of productive resources (persons, services and capital), with a view to ensuring the "harmonious" distribution of these resources within the area. The planned outcome is the establishment of a customs union, with complete freedom of trade internally and a common tariff imposed by the six members against imports from the outside world. It has further been agreed that the non-European territories of Belgium, France, Italy and the Netherlands will be associated with the customs union, in order to further their economic and social development. The products of these territories are therefore to be accorded the same access to the common market as those of the six contracting parties. On the other hand, it has been conceded that these territories may require the continuing use of tariffs for fiscal purposes or to encourage economic development. They are therefore not obliged, by the end of the transitional period, to have abolished all their tariffs against the Six, but merely to have accomplished their uniform application against all members of the customs union. These parties are all members of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, the rules of which set forth the conditions


A METHOD has been developed which permits destruction of small areas of the brains of experimental animals with cobalt 6O.I Since this method has shown great promise in a number of studies, it became important to assess the neuropathology which was produced. In an earlier study' in which deep-lying structures were irradiated, a fairly definite sequence of changes was observed to occur, with a stage of acute illness appearing within the first postirradiation week and a second stage of generalized deterioration with a sudden onset and fatal outcome appearing some time after four or more months had elapsed. In addition, the behavioral alterations which occurred subsequent to irradiation with this agent and method varied in regard to time of appearance. Because of these factors, it was considered especially important to establish, if possible, a correlation between changes in the animal's behavior and general condition and changes which might be occurring in the brain at this time. Finally, it is considered that the present study might be useful as an addition to the existing body of information on changes produced in the nervous system by other means of irradiation. The irradiated tissues subjected to histologic examination in the present investigation were obtained by use of the same materials and methods which were found useful in behavior studies. Monkeys and cats served as subjects. Both species are suitable for use with the stereotaxic instrument, which is used for the application of cobalt 60 radiation to deeper brain areas. In order to obtain information concerning the entire sequence of changes which occur following irradiation, specimens were obtained which covered a range from the immediate postirradiation period up to 2% days. All the animal subjects received a standard dose of 4,000 roentgens ( r ) calculated at a distance of 5 mm. from the center of the cobalt source (selection of an arbitrary point for measuring the dose is necessary since radiation is dissipated rapidly as the distance from the source increases ) . Lesions produced by this degree of irradiation had been demonstrated in the earlier studies to produce significant alterations in be-


This paper begins by looking at safety management in general and then goes on to consider safety in urban areas. It raises the question where is urban safety management going, and concludes with brief descriptions of two projects - the UK SAFER CITY and the European project DUMAS - the results of which will hopefully encourage more emphasis on area-wide safety strategies in the future. (A) For the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD E201756.


Design and use philosophy of Te Marae is argued to make Maori culture available to all. Conceptual organization of the ancestral presence that animates tribal histories towards the broader, all-inclusive category of genealogy will help in reaching Maori culture to many.


But my optimistic view is not universal. There are some critics who say that we can't control the future of science and technology. Jacques Ellul wrote that technology has a life of its own, and that it is dangerously out of control. More recently Jerry Mander wrote: "technological evolution is leading to... a worldwide interlocked monolithic, technical-political web of unprecedented negative implications." While I appreciate constructive criticism, these comments hardly sound helpful. These critics focus on the harmful side-effects and are fearful of the future. I reject this negative attitude, and hope you will stand proudly with me and other professionals in taking active responsibility for the future of science and technology and its impact on our society. We don't want to go overboard to excessive optimism, but we want to get to work on problems where we can make a constructive contribution.


Fluid pumping and the generation of electric current by living tissues are required during mor-phogenetic processes and for maintainance of homeostasis. How these flows emerge from active and passive ion transport in cells has been well established. However, the interplay between flow and current generation is not well understood. Here, we study the electro-hydraulic coupling that arises from cell ion pumping. We develop a one-dimensional continuum model of fluid and ion transport across active cell membranes. Solving the Nernst-Planck and Poisson equations in the limit of weak charge imbalance allows us to derive approximate analytical solutions of the model. These approximations, consistent with the numerical results in physiologically relevant regime of parameters, allow us to describe electro-hydraulic activity of cells and tissues in terms of experimentally accessible parameters. approach to first discuss a single membrane with active pumps and passive channels, both considering a closed system as well as a periodic system with a finite fluid flow and electric currents. We relate properties of ion channels and pumps to flow velocities and electric currents and we discuss the values of these quantities obtained under physiological conditions. We show that for physiological parameter ranges, the limit of small Peclet number provides analytic expressions for transport properties which are in excellent agreement with numerical solutions of the non-linear problem. We extend this approach to a system of two membranes which can be used as a model for a cell or an epithelium. Eventually we show how tissue flexo-electricity can emerge from ion pumping across membranes at the cell scale.


Abstract Let ( A , Σ) be an Artin system. For X  ⊆ Σ, we denote by A X the subgroup of A generated by X . Such a group is called a parabolic subgroup of A . We reprove Van der Lek's theorem: "a parabolic subgroup of an Artin group is an Artin group." We give an algorithm which decides whether two parabolic subgroups of an Artin group are conjugate. Let A be a finite type Artin group, and let A X be a parabolic subgroup with connected associated Coxeter graph. The quasi-centralizer of A X in A is the set of β in A such that β X β −1  =  X . We prove that the commensurator of A X in A is equal to the normalizer of A X in A , and that this group is generated by A X and the quasi-centralizer of A X in A . Moreover, if A X is not of type D l ( l  ≥ 4 and l even), then this group is generated by A X and the centralizer of A X in A .


where V(M)=l^Γvί(M)+υ2(M)+ ••• is the total Wu class of M. Let k4ι+zίΞH (G/O, Z/2) be the image of K4ι+2 by the map H*(G/PL, Z/2) -+H*(G/O, Z/2) which is induced by the natural map G/O-+G/PL. We shall call k4ι+2 the smooth Kervaire class. The work of Brumfiel, Madsen and Milgram [1] gives fundamental properties concerning the smooth Kervaire classes. In this paper we shall first prove the following theorem which gives an interesting relation between two smooth Kervaire classes in different dimensions.


Nylon filter screens of several porosities and fiber sizes were evaluated for effectiveness in collecting spray droplets.
Droplets with volume median diameters of 30 and 44 .m, transported by air speeds of 2, 4, and 6 m/s (4.5, 8.9, and
13.4 mph), were used. Collection efficiency of the best screen was compared to string and plastic tapes of several widths. This
screen appeared to be nearly as efficient as strings and much better than plastic tapes, based on collection efficiency per unit
frontal area. Total spray collected on an array of screens was compared to the total spray emitted from the air atomizing
nozzles. Results were compared with the classic results of May and Clifford (1967). The screen collection efficiency was about
120% for 30-.m droplets and 140% for 44-.m droplets, using calculation methods similar to those of May and Clifford. Air
velocities were measured with no screens and behind single screens, for a wind tunnel speed of 4 m/s and a nozzle air pressure
of 138 kPa (20 psi). Air speed behind screens with a porosity of 39% was about 50% of air speed behind screens with 53%
porosity.


Based on the graphical virtual instrument programming platform of American NI Company,a virtual vibration measurement instrument is developed for cantilever of finisher.The design of the programming is introduced,including the hardware and software.The system has function of real-time data acquisition,time-frequency domain analysis,data storage and playback.


Mobile Ad hoc NETwork (MANET) is self configuring network of mobile node connected by wireless links and considered as network without infrastructure. Routing protocol plays a crucial role for effective communication between mobile nodes and operates on the basic assumption that nodes are fully cooperative. Because of open structure and limited battery-based energy some nodes (i.e. selfish or malicious) may not cooperate correctly. After becoming part of active path, theses nodes start refusing to forward or drop data packets thereby degrades the performance of network. In this paper, a new reputation based approach is proposed that deals with such routing misbehavior and consists of detection and isolation of misbehaving nodes. Proposed approach can be integrated on top of any source routing protocol and based on sending acknowledgement packets and counting the number of data packets of active path.


Information encoding security has always been a research hotspot in the field of optical field. Although many studies focus on the luminescent materials and techniques for information security, the optical information encoding is limited by low information capacity and security. Herein, we present a new core-shell-shell (CSS) lanthanide-doped nanocrystal which owns multi-stimuli-responsive and multimode emission. In the designed CSS nanostructure, the Stokes and anti-Stokes processes can be both achieved in the same nanocrystals under the excitation of 1532, 980, and 254 nm via self-excited of Er 3+ and Ce 3+ -sensitized mechanisms. Subsequently, the group of unique multimode emissions CSS nanocrystals were designed as optical modules and successfully utilized in multidimensional information encoding, which demonstrates high-level information encoding capability and security. This work brings a powerful idea for information encoding security designs based on multimode luminesce materials.


Alkenes are known to undergo oxidation to radical cations and dications. The radical cations are often highly reactive and not stable under air. Herein, we report the synthesis, isolation, characterization, and molecular structure of an alkene-derived radical cation A, which is stable in air both in the solid state and in solution. The access to this compound was facilitated from E-diamino tri-substituted alkene B as a synthon for the synthesis of A through one-electron oxidation. The E-diamino tri-substituted alkene B was synthesized by the two-electron reduction of N,N′-1,2-propylene-bridged bis-2-phenyl-pyrrolinium cation C. Under two-electron oxidation, alkene B transforms back to cation C involving a double carbocation rearrangement.


We present a new technique for segmenting brain nuclei from MRI brain images. Our method performs the segmentation using a combination approach of thresholding with morphological operators. The MRI brain image contains skull and noisy background. The latter have to be removed for further analysis. Elimination of any obstacles and noise from the image is the primary function of the morphological operators. We use simple morphological operators like dilation, erosion, opening and closing to the binarized MRI brain image. The results of skull stripped MR image with the use of disk shaped structuring elements are presented in the paper. The proposed method has been applied to a large number of MR images showing promising results for various image qualities, encouraging for future.


The globalized production of consumer goods and its specific settings and circulation routes have not yet played a significant role in research into the effects of globalization on cities and urban built structures – although industrial production for the world market is obviously shaping urban environments in newly industrialized countries across the globe. This article examines global commodity chains as an integral strand of urban research, in particular, by tracing a transnational production chain in the clothing industry and investigating the urban setting and architectural profile of selected stations thereof – from sites of clothing retail in Berlin to sites of wholesale, clothing production and home-based work in Istanbul and beyond. Aspects of representation and visibility are a primary focus: How does the position of a certain production step within the value chain correspond to its material presence in the city and the representative function of its architecture? Following commodities along their transnational production and trading routes offers a new perspective on globalization and the urban built environment. It reveals translocal connections between various urban places and exposes the spatial logic of a hierarchical production system.


This is the copy of the Open Access book chapter originally published in: Gebremedhin, A. red. (2012) Sustainable Energy - Recent Studies. INTECH: http://www.intechopen.com/books/sustainable-energy-recent-studies


A sense of humour was never the leading prerequisite for a medical career, but now it has slipped off the list completely. Interviews for medical school have become earnest, scripted affairs, and the days of hospital revues are long gone. Soon postgraduate centres will have notices like those at airports, warning that if you make a joke you will be arrested.

Doctors used to enjoy a bit of fun, but you have to go back a long way to find …


Craig Muldrew, The Economy of Obligation: The Culture of Credit and Social Relations in Early Modern England, London, Macmillan Press, 1998, pp. xxvii + 453, hb. £47.50, ISBN: 0333625714This is a wonderful book. Craig Muldrew's re-examination of credit should provoke a redefinition of the way we should think about early modern history. His is a large book in four parts. In the first the author identifies a major expansion in the ownership of goods between the 1550s and 1580. As one would expect, such new standards of material comfort were concentrated in the homes of successful farmers and tradesmen, rather than those of the labouring poor. Most goods were bought on credit, and involved long-drawn-out bargains, initiated in the urban market-place, but also, increasingly, in shops. The huge increase in buying and selling that accompanied economic expansion produced a dense network of middlemen operating within a new 'market culture'. Bargains were made orally, witnesses were the most important form of security. Tradesmen used account books only infrequently (65), many households continually overspent and most conflated domestic and trading accounts. An ingenious attempt to estimate the number of purchases in King's Lynn demonstrates that this relatively modest town of some two thousand households made about 642,000 separate purchases per year, which translates to a relatively low level of economic activity. There was plenty of time for negotiation and socialising as part of early modern business, which was just as well, since conversation to establish the credit and reputation of all parties to a transaction was the very stuff of this 'economy of obligation'. Since the supply of money failed to keep pace with the demand for it, cash formed less than one in ten of all exchanges (100) and was used in relatively unusual circumstances. All households were thus bound up in a complex mesh of credit relationships, usually informal agreements based on trust. Even though lending money (at interest) was done, increasingly, on bonds, such informal credit arrangements remained the dominant mode of exchange throughout our period.The second part of the book explores this 'culture of credit'. Essentially the growth of credit placed the question of trust, and the enforcement of bargains and contracts centre stage. The Protestant religion's 'emphasis on faith was mirrored by an increasing emphasis on trust within everyday social relations' (132) that were perceived to be increasingly necessary when credit networks were growing ever more complex. For the middling sort, trust in God and neighbours, 'credit' rather than capital accumulation, was at the foundation of their economic activities. Every member of a community should live soberly, lend modestly and preserve their reputation and order in their household. Moral lapses and defamation were therefore serious matters and prosecuted ever more vigorously in the courts.Despite such emphasis on trust and the cultivation of appropriate and trustworthy behaviour, and as is already well known from the work of Chris Brooks, economic expansion not only multiplied credit transactions but produced a mounting tide of debt-related litigation. Whereas central courts saw an expansion in business generated by the use of formal credit instruments, Muldrew shows that there was, in fact, a parallel rise in litigation in local borough courts seeking to enforce oral agreements. Such litigation increased sharply after 1560 and was, predictably, most common in the 1580s. In the third part of the book, Muldrew estimates that over one million actions were being initiated locally in the 1580s, thereafter real rates of litigation declined as individuals became more adept at managing new levels of credit. Not surprisingly, then, going to law was experienced by virtually everybody. Although, as one would expect, the wealthy had more litigation pending and were more likely to take cases further, in a community like King's Lynn, even aged paupers sued their neighbours for outstanding debts. …


Objectives: To analyze the genome wide loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and to localize the high frequent LOH regions in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), in order to provide molecular genetic evidence for localizing NPC related tumor genes. Methods: The PCR based microsatellite polymorphism analysis technique was performed on 98 cases of sporadic primary NPC by using a large panel of 335 polymorphism markers. Results: In the 22 chromosomes, at least one locus showed LOH frequency more than 30% on 19 chromosomes, and there was no locus showed LOH frequency more than 30% on three chromosomes (chromosomes 15, 20 and 22). Of the 335 informative markers, 4 loci showed LOH frequency ≥60%, 3 of them are located on chromosome 3 and 1 is located on chromosome 9; 5 loci showed LOH frequency from 50% to 59%, three of them are located on chromosome 3, and 1 on chromosome 5 and 11; 22 loci showed LOH frequency from 40% to 49%, and 52 loci showed LOH frequency from 30% to 39%; the other 252 loci showed LOH frequency less than 30% indicated that of background losses in NPC. The high frequent LOH loci (more than 30%) were clustered to 12 chromosomal arms which distributed to 1p36 34, 3p24 26, 3p14 21, 3q25 27, 4q35 31, 5q15 21 and 5q32 33, 8p22 23, 9p21 23 and 9q33 34, 11p12 14, 11q13 23, 13q13 14 and 13q31 32, 14q11 13, 14q23 24, 14q32. Moreover, the authors also firstly reported high frequent LOH on chromosome 1p, 5q and 19q, and the LOH deletion map indicated that there may be NPC related tumor suppressor genes located at these deleted regions. Conclusions: Our results indicate that high frequent LOH occurred on multiple chromosomal arms in NPC were common genetic events, and there may exist TSGs which play an important role in the development and progression of NPC in the deleted chromosomal regions.


Dysphagia is a common condition in the older person. Linda Nazarko provides an update on its identification and management Dysphagia is thought to affect around 4 million people in the UK. It becomes more common as people age and is associated with frailty and poor outcomes. This article aims to update practice nurses on the clinical features of dysphagia, how to identify it, when to refer and how it is managed.


The boundary layer flow of an Eyring-Powell fluid over a stretching surface subject to the convective boundary condition is investigated. Nonlinear problem is computed and a comparative study is presented with the existing results in viscous fluid. The constructed differential systems have been solved for homotopic solutions. Convergence of series solutions has been discussed. Special emphasis has been given to the effects of material parameters of fluid (e), (δ), Biot number (γ) and Prandtl number (Pr) on the velocity and temperature profiles. Tabulated values of Nusselt number and skin friction for different emerging parameters are also illustrated. It is noted that the boundary layer thickness is an increasing function of (e) and decreasing function of (δ). However the temperature and thermal boundary layer thickness decrease when the values of (e) and (δ) are increased.


In this paper, we propose a tailored-finite-point method for the numerical simulation of the Helmholtz equation with high wave numbers in heterogeneous medium. Our finite point method has been tailored to some particular properties of the problem, which allows us to obtain approximate solutions with the same behaviors as that of the exact solution very naturally. Especially, when the coefficients are piecewise c we can get the exact solution with only one point in each subdomain. Our finite-point method has uniformly convergent rate with respect to wave number k in L 2 -norm.


Optical networks are playing an increasingly important part in meeting the demand for communication bandwidth. Especially since the introduction of wavelength division multiplexing techniques optical network management has received increasing attention. This paper describes optical network management in terms of an architectural framework that can be applied not only to optical line systems but also to more complex optical networks. This is placed in the context of operational trials conducted by BT on two long-haul routes.


In order to enhance the efficiency of land use data quality checking and realize the intelligent topology relationship testing between feature classes,the paper has analyzed the topology relationship classes of the land use database and proposed a topology relationship validity method based on rule(TRVR).Based on TRVR method and the quality checking model-RSTT as well as GIS platform ArcEngine,the land use data quality checking system(LR_Checker) is presented in this paper.The testing with massive land use data indicates that with LR_Checker it is possible to reduce data checking work greatly.Through logical combination of rules,LR_Checker has not only realized topology testing in feature classes,but also supported topology testing between different feature classes.Above facts prove that TRVR method is accuracy,validity and rationality.


Starting from a functional equation of two variables containing a parameter Beta, the information of kind Beta given have been obtained. The paper contains a characterization and properties of this measure. Also the study has been extended of the information improvement of the prediction probability distribution (q/Sub1,q/Sub2,..q/subn) revised as (r/Sub1,.r/Sub2..r/Subn) on the basis of realization (p/Sub1,p/sub2,....p/Subn).


The study focuses on the treatments for Japanese orange peels by enzymatic degradation (Sclase A®) and the use as prebiotics in animal feed. This study was carried out using a completely randomized design (CRD) and consists of two experiments. The first experiment consisted of 6 treatments using 2 types of Japanese orange peels (Taguchi wase and Nichinan ichigo) and 3 levels of the enzyme (0, 1 and 5% (w/w)). Each treatment consisted of 5 replicates. Parameters measured in this study were chemical compositions, reducing sugar contents and oligosaccharides. The chemical compositions were significantly different among treatments (P<0.05) except crude protein. Taguchi wase peel treated with 5% enzyme had lower crude fiber content as compared to other treatments (P<0.05 .(They were 22.71 (T1), 24.74 (T2), 25.84 (T3), 21.14 (T4), 12.20 (T5) and 18.34 %(T6), respectively. Enzyme treatments reported higher gross energy than other treatments (P<0.05). Moreover, reducing sugar contents in the peels were significantly higher with enzyme than without enzyme (P<0.05). Japanese orange peels treated with enzyme had higher reducing sugar content than other treatment (P<0.05). They were 582.69 (T1), 616.00 (T2), 882.67 (T3), 849.33 (T4), 1,049.33 (T5) and 1,016.00 mg/g (T6), respectively. Oligosaccharides analysis by thin-layer chromatography method found that all treatments released oligosaccharides. The second experiment was carried out to examine prebiotic properties (concentration of sugar 1,500 μg/ml), and the findings lead to the insights that products from enzyme treatments could increase the growth of Lactobacillus plantarum but could not decrease the growth of Escherichia coli. In conclusion, it was suggested that Japanese orange peels treated with an enzyme has the potential to be used as prebiotics due to it could increase the growth of probiotics.


In the field of indoor positioning, the existing positioning systems usually use the classification methods such as support vector machine and k-nearest neighbor to complete positioning, which have the characteristics of high complexity and complex fingerprint database. Some systems use Bayesian classifier to locate, but the accuracy is not high. The reason is that they ignore the correlation between eigenvalues. In order to solve the above problems, this paper proposes the indoor positioning method combining PCA with naive bayes classifier (NBC), namely naive bayes positioning algorithm with independent attributes, which has the advantages of simple fingerprint database, high positioning accuracy and fast speed. The localization algorithm is divided into two stages. The main purpose of offline training is to establish fingerprint database. Firstly, PCA was used to reduce the dimensionality of the original CSI data, and then the eigenvalues of each position were modeled as normal distribution, and the mean and variance of the new eigenvalues were extracted and stored in the fingerprint database. In the test stage, the attribute independent weighted naive bayesian classifier was used. PCA was also used to process the data to be classified, and the variance contribution rate of each principal component was recorded as the weight, which was brought into the classifier to achieve positioning.


Long-wavelength vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (LW-VCSELs) have profound advantages compared to traditional edge-emitting lasers offering improved properties with respect to mode selectivity, fibre coupling, threshold currents and integration into 2D arrays or with other electronic devices. Its commercialization is gaining momentum as the local and access network in optical communication system expand. Numerical modeling of LW-VCSEL utilizing wafer-fused InP-based multi-quantum wells (MQW) and GaAs-based distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) is presented in this paper. Emphasis is on the device and mesa/pillar diameter design parameter comparison and its effect on the device characteristics.


We prove the conjugacy separability of groups of the form G (a, ...ar, b b,: a'. = bf = (U(al. ar)V(b, bs))m = 1), where m > 1.


Different age group plantations of Gmelina arborea Linn. In Western Maharashtra, were evaluated for monitoring the status of pests. These plantations have suffered due to mortality caused by some biotic factors i.e. grazing, hacking, faulty pruning, rab firing, diseases, insect pests viz. defoliators, leaf miner, bark eating caterpillar, phassus borer, sap suckers, canker grub, weevil, termites etc. In this study, the impact of different pest outbreaks was evaluated on Gmelina arborea mortality. In this regard, observations were recorded on the pest incidence, their relationship with soil nutrients and different girth and height classes. Additional scenarios included possible measures to counter the present problem are also suggested.


Patients with congenital heart disease were investigated after operation using the echocardiogram, signal-averaged ECG (SAECG) and Holter ECG. 32 patients, age 13.1 y (5-31 y) and 13 controls, 14.0 y (8-21 y), were compared. Together with Butterworth filtering a second high pass filter (FIR digital filter) was introduced to analyse high frequency components not only at the end of the QRS complex. FIR high pass filtering of the whole QRS showed a significant correlation between impaired left ventricular ejection fraction and more fractionated QRS in the SAECG (p<0.003). No correlation was found between dysrhythmias in the 24-hour Holter ECG and SAECG findings. High frequency intra-QRS signal components seem to be related to functional impairment in patients with congenital heart disease after operation.


This work presents mathematical modifications to the Izhikevich Spiking Neuron Model to allow for a simple, low-area digital hardware implementation of a spiking neuron with similar behavioural characteristics and low computational intensity. The implemented neuron circuit only requires one input operational parameter to replicate all of the cortical neuron behaviours described by Izhikevich.


Objective: Researches on Gracilaria lemaneiformis-based seasoned instant marine vegetables processing methods were performed.Method: Utilizing the microagae Gracilaria lemaneiformis(Rhodophta) as the raw material,focused on the application of licorice solution and ozonized water to remove the off-flavour;acetic acid to soften the microagae;ZnCl2 to protect the decoloration;CaCl2 to guarantee the crispness;multi-seasoning to develop four products with different flavours under modified atmosphere storage whereas the shelf-life of the developed products predicted by kinetic model.Result: The optimum off-flavour removing conditions were: 4% licorice solution,sinking period 15 min,0.2 mg/L ozonized water and treatment time 15 min.The shelf-life of the products reached to 7 months under the optimical modified atmosphere storage condition,i.e.CO2:O2:N2=6:1:3.Conclusion: Quality attruibutes of the developed products met the national food quality standard with excellent quality,which providied reference information regarding to the Gracilaria Lemaneiformis seasoned instant food processing industry.


Set based analysis is an approach to compile-time program analysis that is based on a simple approximation: all dependencies between variables are ignored. In effect, program variables are treated as sets of values. Thus far, set based analysis techniques have focussed on data-constructor languages. The main reason for this is algorithmic: the equality for data-constructor values is structural (that is, two values f (v1; . . . ; vn) and f 0(v0 1; . . . ; v0 n) are equal if and only if f and f 0 are identical constructors and vi = v0 i, i = 1::n). This has important implications for how sets of such values can be represented during the computation of a set based analysis.


. We prove a certain gap theorem concerning the Yamabe invariants for compact conformally flat 4-manifolds with positive Euler numbers.


Enhanced on/off ratio, obvious threshold voltage left shift, newly emerging bipolar field effect performance and most importantly, excellent stability in ambient condition have been reported for the HfO2-passivated black phosphorus field effect transistors . Both Raman spectra and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) show a thickness reduction effect after HfO2 passivation, XPS further demonstrates that the formation of P–Hf and P–O chemical bonds contributes to the thinning of layered black phosphorus (BP), in which P–Hf bonds also provide chemical protection for BP flakes from degradation. Atomic force microscopy measures the thickness of the passivation layer and also verifies the stability of the passivated BP flakes.


The invention discloses a camera structure. The camera structure comprises a camera and a lens arranged in front of a camera lens of the camera. The invention further discloses a mobile phone. The mobile phone comprises the camera structure. Light can enter the camera structure from two sides, and the camera structure and components, such as the mobile phone and a tablet personal computer, provided with the camera structure are integrated. The mobile phone provided with the camera structure is simple in structure, a pixel of a front-facing camera and a pixel of a rear camera are identical, shooting effect is improved, and the mobile phone is convenient to use.


I use one nationally representative sample from CBS News/New York Times Poll on Environment (2007), supplemented with monthly temperature and precipitation data from the United States Historical Climatology Network and extreme weather events data from National Climatic Data Center, to examine how different weather measures and individuals' socio-demographic background, political predisposition, and beliefs about global warming affect the perception of local weather. Beliefs about global warming are found to play a dominant role in determining the perception of local weather. Specifically, people who view that global warming is causing an immediate impact, is serious, and needs to be a priority are much more likely to perceive a strange pattern of weather in the recent past. This finding conforms to motivated reasoning which refers to the tendency to interpret evidence to confirm the preexisting beliefs and predisposition. Among all the weather measures, the total number of extreme weather events in the past three years appears to be the only significant indicator of perceived weather. Specifically, individuals who have experienced more extreme weather events in their home counties are more likely than those elsewhere to perceive the weather is stranger than usual. I further examine how actual weather and perceived weather together affect perceptions of global warming. The results illustrate that the perception of local weather has stronger explanatory power than actual weather. People who perceive the strange weather patterns are much more likely than others to see the immediate impacts and priority of global warming. Future studies are needed to investigate the dynamic relationship between perceptions of global warming and perceptions of weather and climate. In addition, more studies are needed to further examine how the public forms their opinions toward various specific types of the local weather and climate.


Fluorescent compounds (57) Abstract: Chemical Formula (I), both These inert fluorescent compounds have been found to be resistant to acidic biocides. In a process for preparing these fluorescent compounds, it describes the condensation of a desired having a function 1,8 Narutaru anhydride with a suitable substituted o- phenylenediamine, and the scope of the claims. Furthermore, when using a suitable reducing agent such as iron powder to reduction of the nitro functional group in a natural state, o- amino - nitro - aromatics, using a variety of 1,8-naphthalic anhydride it may be condensed. As a result, the fluorescent compound is of it can be used as inert fluorescent tracers in industrial water systems. [Formula 1]


Purpose. The article discusses the results of a use-wear analysis of artifacts from the Kostenki 9 site (Biriutchii log). The site is located in the Middle Don River valley on the southwest of the Russian Plain. Kostenki 9 is related to the group of Paleolithic sites in the Kostenki-Borshchevo locality. Our investigation indicates that paleoeconomy of the local inhabitants was based on the strategies of high specialization.Results. The authors highlight the main types of stone implements and the main technological methods of production. The inhabitants of the site mainly used chalk flint. Knapping technique is prismatic, the main type of workpiece is a blade. For the secondary processing of blanks, site's inhabitants most often used steep and semi-steep dull retouching. Less commonly, flat unilateral or bilateral, marginal, deeply protruding onto the blade's dorsal surface. On the basis of use-wear analysis, as well as some experiments, the authors came to the following conclusion: the stone industry of the site has Gravettian features. However, it does not have pronounced diagnostic forms.Conclusion. The primary type of activity revealed at the Kostenki 9 site is butchering of animal carcasses. Studied use-wear traces on the stone inventory support this conclusion. The second activity represents wood processing. The ancient inhabitants of the Kostenki 9 made the wooden shafts for the darts and spears. Analysis of bone implements revealed several exciting traits. Inhabitants possessed all the basic techniques of bone processing: making grooves and cutting along the circumference. The collection does not include any tools that can be interpreted as hunting bone weapons. This thesis confirms the assumption that the inhabitants of the Kostenki 9 site used wood for tool-making, while the bones and ivory were kept for production of non-utilitarian objects. The cultural identity of the assemblage raises questions. The closest are lithic collections from the Gravettian sites Borshchevo 5 and Kostenki 8.


1. Device (1) for the suction of saliva or other secretions or objects from the patient's mouth, nose, throat, or lower respiratory tract and the removal by suction of water or other materials formed or used in connection with the procedures in the mouth, nose or airway comprising: a substantially tubular, flexible frame (2) with the channel inside to the exhausted flow; toe portion (3, 6) for placing the device (1) on the finger, and the tip (4) arranged axially further than the toe portion (3, 6) and comprising input (10) of suction, soy Inonii channel, characterized in that the tip (4) is rotatable with respect to the axial direction ramy.2. Device (1) according to Claim. 1, characterized in that the tip (4) is rotatable in several different positions disposed under predetermined angles relative to each druga.3. Device (1) according to claim. 2, characterized in that the angle is 90 ° .4. Device (1) according to any one of claims. 1-3, characterized in that the frame (2) and executed therein toe portion (3, 6) have a curved formu.5. Device (1) according to any one of claims. 1-3, characterized in that the axial direction of the end of the finger portion (3) substantially parallel to the axis direction of the tip (4) .6. Device (1) according to any one of claims. 1-3 characterized in that the toe portion (3, 6) is provided with a cutout (20) for separating the toe portion to the front portion (3a) and a rear part (3b) .7. Device (1) according to any one of claims. 1-3 characterized in that the tip (4) provided with protrusions (12, 17, 18) located adjacent to the suction input (10) to prevent sticking of the tip (4) to the treatment surface by suction potoka.8. devices


The paper discusses the Residue Number System (RNS) implementation of second order recursive digital filter sections. The RNS offers the advantage of using integer based arithmetic operations and a simple hardware realization involving arrays of look up tables stored in high density ROMs, In residue number system scaling is necessary to keep the data within the limited dynamic range. The effects of residue scaling on the performance of second order sections are described here. An analysis of the quantization error accumulation associated with scaling in the proposed realizations shows that the residue architecture combines good quantization error performance with high speed implementation. The conditions for existance of zero input limit cycles in residue coded recursive sections is derived for certain cases. Regions on the coefficient space which allow limit cycles of period 1 (dc) and period 2 are determined and the bounds on their magnitude are derived.


This paper introduces a new explanation for "micro-cross-flow" response in transient well testing. This phenomenon which has been fully described for the first time by analytical, statistical and numerical techniques occurs in reservoirs with impaired connectivity in the lateral direction and no vertical communication. In the latter sense, these are commingled reservoirs, but the cross-flow occurs within the layers. This is reflected in the drawdown or build-up responses as a monotonic increase of the pressure derivative curves. The response might be misinterpreted as parallel-bounded flow (channels or faults) - but in the case study example, we demonstrate how the response can be generated in a meandering, point bar-dominated, fluvial reservoir with implications for fluvial reservoir modelling.


The article concerns the issue of transition in ERTMS/ETCS system. The document discusses the selection and distribution of balises relevant for transition. The possibilities and limitations resulting from the selected configuration of the system in the scope of balises are presented. General principles of transition execution were also presented and a unified description of transitions between ERTMS/ETCS levels was proposed. The article describes balis groups important from the point of view of transition and telegrams exchanged in the process of transition. The selected example shows a description of transitions, including specified functional steps, their variants and an analysis of hazards for particular stages. The article highlights the complexity of the transition process and the fact that the issue of transition between the levels of ERTMS/ETCS system will be a real challenge for the railway industry in the upcoming years.


Highly accelerated electromigration tests conducted at wafer level require meaningful measurements of the stress temperature of the test line. Estimates of the test temperature can be made with the use of the temperature coefficient of resistance, TCR, before significant electromigration damage occurs and with the use of the thermal resistance of the test line as electromigration damage progresses to line failure. Each approach depends on an assumption of linearity; for the use of TCR it is the linear dependence of resistance on temperature, and for the use of the thermal resistance it is the linear dependence of temperature on power dissipation. For testing aluminum test structures, these assumptions are adequately well obeyed to approximately 300/spl deg/C. This is not the case for testing copper test lines. Stress temperatures as high as 600/spl deg/C are encountered in highly accelerated electromigration tests. At such high temperatures, the assumptions of linearity are not valid, and large overestimates of the stress temperature will result. We show how to correct TCR estimates of the stress temperature by the use of recommended values for the resistivity of pure, bulk copper with temperature. We obtain a suitable value for the thermal resistance of the test structure from the slope of the temperature-versus-power-dissipation curve at temperatures near the desired stress temperature. Use of the approaches are demonstrated.


The main result of this paper is that an orthogonal access scheme, such as time division multiple access achieves the all-unicast degrees of freedom (DoF) region of the topological interference management problem if and only if the network topology graph is chordal bipartite, i.e., every cycle that can contain a chord, does contain a chord. The all-unicast DoF region includes the DoF region for any arbitrary choice of a unicast message set, so e.g., the results of Maleki and Jafar on the optimality of orthogonal access for the sum-DoF of one-dimensional convex networks are recovered as a special case. The result is also established for the corresponding topological representation of the index coding problem.


We present the extended-object approach for the explanation and calculation of the self-force phenomenon (often called "radiation-reaction force"). In this approach, one considers a charged extended object of a finite size e that accelerates in a nontrivial manner, and calculates the total force exerted on it by the electromagnetic field (whose source is the charged object itself). We show that at the limit e→0 this overall electromagnetic field yields a universal result, independent of the object's shape, which agrees with the standard expression for the self force acting on a point-like charge. Previous implementation of this approach ended up with expressions for the total electromagnetic force that include O(1/e) terms which do not have the form required by mass-renormalization. (In the special case of a spherical charge distribution, this ∝1/e term was found to be 4/3 times larger than the desired quantity.) We show here that this problem was originated from a too naive definition of the notion of "t...


The buckling of a woven fabric influences its performance throughout processing and during actual use. In addition, this phenomenon reflects on the recovery of the textile–polymer composites. The mechanics of the buckling behavior of woven, knitted or non-woven fabrics have a large number of different approaches, and the obvious inconsistency of applying the classical beam theory to the textile problem remains. The buckling of textile materials is a deciding factor of their drape and conformability. Fabric buckling also defines the ability of a fabric to fit to a different shape object without wrinkling. An empirical approach foundation to quantitatively compare the buckling of existing and new flexible textile materials, no matter what their composition, was developed. The buckling coefficient was found to be highly correlated to the fabric modulus of rigidity, fabric Young's modulus and fabric weave design. For the twill structure, the value of twill line angle to the direction of buckling force has a significant effect. In this paper, the buckling of woven fabric with or without holes was analyzed. It has been proven that major modes of deformation in the buckling of fabrics with holes are fabric bending rigidity, fabric design and the ratio of the volume of the hole to sample volume.


The burning characteristic of diesel engine and natural gas-diesel duel-fuel engine is analyzed.The results of study show that the burning of natural gas-diesel duel-fuel engine has some special characteristics.Several suggestions to improve the performance of natural gas-diesel duel-fuel engine are proposed according to the burning characteristic of natural gas-diesel duel-fuel engine.


ed concepts and their constitution in the interplay of coach, associates and context. Karen"s role frame is principally explored in relation to the interrelated ideas of role theory and social influence, which have been highlighted for their potential to reveal, "key, but often underplayed, components of the coaching process" (Jones et al., 2002 p.35). Consequently, the present discussion serves to deepen our understanding of the coaching role as a complex, sophisticated and negotiated


Huangshan expressway is located at mountain area in southern Anhui Province.The Tangkou ramp slope generated deformation during the expressway construction,which affected the safety of constructed building and workers.The construction organization organized "Emergency Commander Group",which adopt quick reaction mechanism to assure the slope safety.Engineering geological survey,exploration,and monitoring were adopt to study the slope structure quickly.Then,the mechanism and stability of the slope were analyzed aimed to design emergency control scheme.The studied result indicated that the slope is bedding slope interbedded by sandrock and argillaceous sandrock,which exists weak layers between bedding planes.Slipping to curving deformation happened during the slope formed,and the curved rock mass were excavated during construction of expressway roadbed,which induced rapid deformation of the slope.According to analysis mentioned above,the ramp slope may be destabilized during rainfall or excavation.Based on analysis of slope deformation mechanism,the emergency control scheme including friction piles,prestressed anchors and drain was designed by deformation control theory,and support steps were put forward according to the slope deformation characteristics.The large deformation was controlled which reached safety request of expressway when the emergency controlling measures were implemented indicated by displacement monitoring curves.


The present invention relates to a bending examination device for a flexible display and a bending examination method using the device. The present invention comprises: a base frame (10); a first clamping unit (30) arranged in one side of the base frame (10) to fix one end of a flexible display (P); and a driving assembly (50) arranged in the base frame (10) to be rotated, and having a second clamping unit (70) for fixing the other end of the flexible display (P). The present invention examines the bending performance of the flexible display (P) while the driving assembly (50) rotates in a state where both ends of the flexible display (P) to which a driving signal is applied are fixed on the first clamping unit (30) and the second clamping unit (70). The present invention can perform various examinations of the display (P), such as a bending test, a twisting test, a tensile test, and others, using one examination device of the flexible display (P) without additional test devices for examination types.


A tutorial and practical review of electrophotographic processes used to create xerographic images on a plain paper printer. This subject is discussed from a theoretical point of view, with the discussion reduced to specific numerical expression. Analyses are provided on image exposure, development, transfer, and fusing. The appendices contain important mathematical derivations and original work on electric field of arc tangent voltage transitions.


Concept learning from examples in first-order languages has been widely studied recently. Specifically, many systems that integrate inductive learning and explanation-based learning have been proposed. However, concept learning is only a subproblem of the problem of knowledge base (which is referred to as a theory in first-order logic) revision. This is mainly because concept learning methods utilize background knowledge without regard to whether the knowledge is perfect or imperfect, while a knowledge base revision system should revise the knowledge base to be consistent with all environmental changes. This paper presents a real theory revision method that guarantees the revised theory to be correct on all given examples. As a consequence, the problem of concept learning is also solved through the proposed method. The proposed method is a two-phase approach. In the first phase, the input theory is generalized to cover all positive examples. Theoretically, this can be done by existing concept learning systems. The second phase then specializes the theory to exclude negative examples. The specialization must not cause excessive exclusion of covered positive examples. The paper focuses on designing such a specialization algorithm. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can mitigate the over-specialization problem.


Subversive Activities. Initiative Constitutional. Declares existence, purposes, and objectives of world communist movement. Defines communist and subversive organizations and denies them political party status and any tax exemptions. Prohibits members of such organizations or advocates of subversive doctrines from holding public office or employment with state or any public agency, or from receiving any tax exemption. Requires teachers and other employees of public educational institutions to answer congressional and legislative committee inquiries concerning communist affiliation and subversion. Imposes conditions on use of public buildings and property.


which were singular at x=O. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a minimum limit were found which depended upon the class of admissible curves as well as upon the functional itself. In a later paper, Leighton [2] specialized the functional moderately and obtained necessary and sufficient conditions in terms of the geometry of the functional for the case when q(x) = 0 and p(x) is of one sign near x = 0. In this paper, we consider functionals (1) in which q(x) = 0 and give necessary conditions and sufficient conditions for the existence of a minimum limit. In particular, the function p(x) may oscillate infinitely often neighboring x=O. 1. The functional. This paper is concerned with functionals J of the type b b (1 . 1) J(y) = f [r(x)y'2(x) - p(x)y2(x) ]dx (O < e < b < d), ee in which r(x) and p(x) are continuous functions of the real variable x on the open interval (0, d) (3). It is clear that x = 0 is, in general, a singular point for the functional. The integrals employed throughout are Lebesgue integrals and their extensions. 2. Admissibility: the problem. F-admissibility. A function y(x) and the curve y=y(x) will be said to be F-admissible on [0, b] if 1. y(x) is continuous on (0, b] and y(b) =0; 2. y(x) is absolutely continuous and y'2 is integrable Lebesgue on each


This paper makes a study on the female world of the Tujia people through the causes for the weeping wedding ritual and the verses concerned.It is assumed that the female world of soul as for their social status can be well revealed through such a ritual.


In this paper, design approaches f o r digital Rm filters are discussed. In particular, two design methods, called indirect and direct design respectively, are proposed to develop a class of digital 'tirn filters. The indirect design is a pure discrete-time onle while the direct design develops digital Z, filters diwctly f o r continuous plants using the so-called lifting tech,nique and taking intersample information into nccount. Possible selection of a special digital 2, filter f r o m the admissible class is also discussed.


We present CloudFlex, a new open-source tool for predicting the absorption-line signatures of cool gas in galaxy halos with complex small-scale structure. Motivated by analyses of cool material in hydrodynamical simulations of turbulent, multiphase media, we model individual cool gas structures as assemblies of cloudlets with a power-law distribution of cloudlet mass $\propto m_{\rm cl}^{-\alpha}$ and relative velocities drawn from a turbulent velocity field. The user may specify $\alpha$, the lower limit of the cloudlet mass distribution ($m_{\rm cl,min}$), and several other parameters that set the total mass, size, and velocity distribution of the complex. We then calculate the MgII 2796 absorption profiles induced by the cloudlets along pencil-beam lines of sight. We demonstrate that at fixed metallicity, the covering fraction of sightlines with equivalent widths $W_{2796}<0.3$ Ang increases significantly with decreasing $m_{\rm cl,min}$, cool cloudlet number density ($n_{\rm cl}$), and cloudlet complex size. We then present a first application, using this framework to predict the projected $W_{2796}$ distribution around ${\sim}L^*$ galaxies. We show that the observed incidences of $W_{2796}>0.3$ Ang sightlines within 10 kpc<$R_{\perp}$<50 kpc are consistent with our model over much of parameter space. However, they are underpredicted by models with $m_{\rm cl,min}\ge100M_{\odot}$ and $n_{\rm cl}\ge0.03$ $\rm cm^{-3}$, in keeping with a picture in which the inner cool circumgalactic medium (CGM) is dominated by numerous low-mass cloudlets ($m_{\rm cl}\lesssim100M_{\odot}$) with a volume filling factor ${\lesssim}1\%$. When used to simultaneously model absorption-line datasets built from multi-sightline and/or spatially-extended background probes, CloudFlex will enable detailed constraints on the size and velocity distributions of structures comprising the photoionized CGM.


There has been presented the results of the investigation of the two-frequency stabilized laser frequency splitting in longitudinal magnetic field. The theoretical calculation of the difference frequency has been conducted. Dependency of the difference frequency on the value of the magnetic field extension and resonator losses have been gotten. Results of the investigation prove that it is possible to get a difference frequency about 4 MHz whereas at present day our industry produces interferometer with difference radiation frequency about 1.5 ÷ 2 MHz.


Three bioassays are widely employed for the measurement of PTH‐like adenylate cyclase‐stimulating factors (ACSFs) drived from tumors associated with humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy. These include renal cortical adenylate cyclase (RAC) assays, rat osteosarcoma (ROS) adenylate cyclase assays, and fetal bone resorption (FBR) assays. A previous study has suggested that the potency of one human tumor‐derived ACSF, expressed in PTH equivalents, was 30‐fold higher in the ROS assay than in the RAC assay, but no study has directly compared all three bioassays using a single PTH standard and a single ACSF preparation.


The present study was designed with the aim to evaluate the role of the localization of traumatic lesions in assessing the position in the motor vehicle as well as the relationship between position and traumatic lesion localization in cases of motor vehicle accidents with fatal and nonfatal outcome. In this framework 150 cases submitted to the Commissions and Traffic Department of the Council of Forensic Medicine in 1994 was evaluated. A considerable number of fatal outcomes in traffic accidents (31.2 %) were constituted of passengers followed by pedestrians with 21.3 % and drivers in 18 % of the cases. With regard to the distribution of severity and location of traumatic lesions in drivers and passengers of motor vehicles, the head (47.7 %) occupied the first place among cases with limited injuries, whereas this ratio dropped to 17 % in severe traumas. Minor injuries in drivers and passengers of open motor vehicles leading to nonfatal outcome were most frequently met in the head (35 %); severe injuries, on the other hand, involved preferentially (28.1 %) the lower extremities. No security belt was applied in 42 % of drivers and in 62 % of passengers. In cases of traffic accident related trauma and fatal outcomes, meticulous investigations for the assessment of location and severity of traumatic lesions and medico legal autopsies are inevitable. Mode of accident, extent of damages, as well as the question whether a security belt was used or not should be elucidated an identification of remnants found in the vehicle should be also undertaken.Key words: Traffic accident, Drivers-Passengers, Trauma, Autopsy


An implication of Durkheimian theory—that different types of rites and the elaborateness of public rituals are determined by social density—is empirically tested, using data available for 183 non-industrial communities derived from Murdock's Standard Cross-Cultural Sample. Support for the hypothesis is sustained even when alternative predicting variables are added. Contrary to social evolutionist theory, an increase in the division of labor does not appear to suppress ritual activity. This reaffirms the interest of some contemporary sociologists in ferreting out the forms and functions of ritual in modern societies.


In this study, the quality characteristics of Topokkidduk, a traditional Korean rice cake, containing different amounts of garlic powder (0, 1, 3, 5, 7 w/w %) were investigated. The moisture content of Topokkidduk containing garlic ranged from 45.72~46.74% and was significantly higher than Topokkidduk in the absence of garlic. The Hunter color L value decreased with an increase in the amount of added garlic powder, whereas the a and b values increased. Texture analysis revealed that the hardness of uncooked Topokkidduk was significantly lower than Topokkidduk not containing garlic (p>0.05). The adhesiveness and springiness of both uncooked and cooked Topokkidduk did not vary significantly at the different garlic concentrations (p>0.05). The chewiness of Topokkidduk tended to decrease with an increase in the amount of added garlic powder. For the sensory evaluation, the intensity (color and flavor) and acceptability (color, flavor and taste) were lower for Topokkidduk containing 7% garlic powder than the other samples. The chewiness intensity was highest for Topokkidduk containing 1% and 3% garlic powder (p>0.05). The Topokkidduk containing no garlic powder and 3% garlic powder had the highest overall acceptability score (p>0.05).


Details of the analysis of the ηπ system studied in the reaction πp → ηπp at 18 GeV/c are given. Separate analyses for the 2γ and π+π−π0 decay modes of the η are presented. An amplitude analysis of the data indicates the presence of interference between the a−2 (1320) and a J PC = 1−+ wave between 1.2 and 1.6 GeV/c2. The phase difference between these waves shows phase motion not attributable solely to the a−2 (1320). The data can be fitted by interference between the a−2 (1320) and an exotic 1−+ resonance with M = (1370 ±16 +50 −30 ) MeV/c 2 and Γ = (385 ±40 +65 −105 ) MeV/c 2. Our results are compared with those of other experiments. Typeset using REVTEX


Scholars have begun to more readily examine how protests exhibit the gendered= sexualized body. The provocation of these gendered=sexual bodies in protest signals what Salime (2014; see also 2012) identifies as the ''return of the oppressed: body and sexuality'' (p. 18). Salime claims these kinds of bodily protests convey a ''new feminism'' embraced by individuals and groups who do not respect or adhere to patriarchal codes and are less likely to protest within the confines and regulations of institutional spaces. As she elaborates, ''new feminism's'' protesters can be characterized as antiestablishment and anticonformist; they use their bodies—which are typically exposed or even nude—strategically for purposes of subversion. FEMEN is a highly controversial, all-female protest group that fits within the parameters of these ''new feminisms.'' Through their partial nudity, they protest misogynistic institutional constraints—especially laws, policies, and cultural norms regarding the sex industry, politics, and religion—and they do so in ways that disregard government structures and spaces. Mainly, FEMEN ignites controversy for two key dialectical reasons: (1) their incessant, secular rhetoric aimed at liberating women from all perceived religious, political, and economic oppressions and (2) the enactment of grotesqueness in the form their protests take. Both reasons account for why many feminists and non-feminists alike find their protest agenda and strategies to be ineffective and=or offensive. For example, Eileraas (2014) finds FEMEN to enact ''guerilla performance tactics'' embedded in Western hegemonic norms regulating women's bodies, especially with regard to the wearing of the hijab—which FEMEN defines as a ''monolithic symbol of oppression'' (p. 49). While FEMEN's protest strategies may be viewed as outlandish, repulsive, and ultimately ineffective, there is something provocative about the way in which the group enacts grotesqueness. Through unruly acts, FEMEN both subverts and transforms female body shame—which is embedded in and results from constricting institutional laws, policies, and cultural norms regarding the gendered=sexual body. Shame is an emotion that often resonates with women who do not exhibit their bodies in ways remaining within the strict confines of femininity. In their protests, FEMEN members rally against these feminine standards and laws by way of their dominant, aggressive voices and the grotesque displays utilizing their partially nude bodies. In so doing, FEMEN transforms the notion of shame by disassociating it


CAPD is a growing modality of treatment for children with ESRD; however peritonitis is the major complication. We therefore evaluated serum IgG levels and immunoglobulin (Ig) production in 14 children undergoing CAPD for 18.2m (r=4-46m). Mean age was 13.9 yrs (r=0.8-20.5). Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) were isolated and cultured spontaneously with pokeweed mitogen (PWM), protein A from Staphylococcus aureus or Candida albicans for 12 days. Culture supernatants were assayed for IgG and IgM by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Final serum IgG levels correlated with initial serum IgG (r=0.81, p<0.01). Mean initial serum IgG levels correlated inversely with the number of episodes of peritonitis (r=0.61, p<0.02). Ig production by pts PBLs was significantly reduced in spontaneous or activated cultures compared to normal controls. The increment in IgG production by PWM-stimulated lymphocytes from spontaneous cultures tended to correlate inversely with the frequency of peritonitis. A depressed humoral response in children with ESRD undergoing CAPD may predispose to peritonitis.


Investigations of intermetallic compounds of Al - Ni system produced on the base of combustion synthesis method are presented. It was aimed to obtain homogeneous chemical constitution and porous structure used to locally reinforce castings. Production method of perform with microwave heating was elaborated. Special heating chamber with strongly focused field and possibility of exact control process was constructed. Various stoichiometric ratio samples corresponding to compounds from binary diagram were synthetized. Basing on the temperature profiles dynamics of process was analyzed, typical combustion temperatures and possible compounds were determined. Microscopic investigations with chemical analysis EDS showed considerable differences in chemical constitution and morphology of phases. Sample made from mixture of powders with composition of Al:Ni = 3:1 revealed relatively uniform porosities but considerable differences in chemical composition. With increase of Ni content the synthesis underwent at higher temperatures, with progress of reaction the melting of transient phases led to uniform chemical composition of product. Unfortunately as a result of structure fusion coagulation and closing of pores occurred excluding received structure for further attempts to infiltrate with squeeze casting method.


MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been implicated in B cell lineage commitment, regulation of T cell differentiation, TCR signalling, regulation of IFN signalling, and numerous other immunological processes. However, their function in autoimmunity, and specifically in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), remains poorly understood. B6.Sle123 is a spontaneous genetic mouse model of SLE characterized by autoantibody production, lymphosplenomegaly, and glomerulonephritis. We identified several differentially regulated miRNAs in B and T lymphocytes of B6.Sle123 mice. We found that miR‐21 expression in lupus B and T cells is up‐regulated and that in vivo silencing of miR‐21 using a tiny seed‐targeting LNA reversed splenomegaly, one of the cardinal manifestations of autoimmunity in B6.Sle123 mice, and de‐repressed PDCD4 expression in vivo and in vitro. In addition, treatment with anti‐miR‐21 altered CD4/CD8 T cell ratios and reduced Fas receptor‐expressing lymphocyte populations. Our study shows that tiny LNAs can be used to efficiently antagonize endogenous miRNAs in peripheral lymphocytes in vivo and in primary lymphocytes cultured ex vivo and can alter the course of a spontaneous genetic disease in mice.