The statements that will be made highlighting the strong position we are already in when using all currently available advanced image-guidance strategies are used are the following: If there is a necessity for on line MR-guidance, there is a general necessity for broad use of advanced image guidance strategies, particularly as successful screening programs such as those for lung cancer and potentially even pancreatic cancer are established, as this potentially leads to more localized disease being treated. Several such strategies are now available but are underutilized, typically for lack of funding or perceived complexity. Recent developments such as FFF-delivery and fast collimators have, however, shortened a lot of treatments and thus rendered advanced imaging strategies more feasible. Considerable expertise is needed, as it is mandatory also for MR-guidance. MR-guidance can be and has already been more easily applied to brachytherapy, a highly effective form of local therapy where technically applicable. Continuous 2D-tracking based on fiducials placed in minimally invasive procedures has entered the clinical routine for the ablation of small lesions without complex interference of OARs. 3D-imaging with CBCT, particularly in conjunction with breathhold strategies, still has considerable potential. Accuracies in the range of 3mm can be consistently achieved across treatment targets, in deep inspiration breathhold typically with very favorable dose distributions and straightforward dose accumulation. 4D-approaches are available, ultrafast "snapshot" volume imaging is ready to be deployed clinically. Ultrasound, where applicable, allows not only for positioning but for tracking in 2D and 3D. Surface scanning may simultaneously provide patient surveillance and gating signals during a therapy session. Noncoplanar treatment strategies and high-LET radiation may have further potential to improve clinical results independent of imaging strategy and are currently not possible in conjunction with in-room MR-guidance. The statements suggesting that in-room MRI guidance will add significantly to the current armamentarium comprise the following: Cancer is primarily a soft tissue disease. MRI offers unparalleled soft tissue contrast imaging across a wide range of cancer types and locations. In-room MRI guidance for cancer radiotherapy combines exquisite soft tissue imaging of the cancer and surrounding healthy structures with precision radiotherapy to optimally target the cancer and spare healthy tissues, affecting quality of life, cancer outcomes and reducing the health and economic burden of managing treatment-related side effects. This ability to simultaneously image and target the cancer with radiotherapy is intuitive to patients and the treatment team alike. Indeed, the image quality of MRI-guidance is so high that a commercial online adaptive radiotherapy solution is only available with these systems. Cancer physiology is heterogeneous and changes with time. MRI is the only in-room physiological targeting system for cancer radiotherapy. An example, tumor hypoxia, is a strong negative prognostic indicator of survival across a wide range of cancer sites, and the tumor hypoxic status changes over the time period of a single treatment. The ability to selectively image and target the most aggressive and resistant parts of the cancer opens up a new window to dramatically change cancer outcomes. In addition to in-room MRI-guidance offering an improved treatment across a range of cancer sites, this new device also opens up the opportunity to explore the treatment of nononcologic diseases. An example is atrial fibrillation, a disease suffered by 6 million Europeans, with many of these patients treated in an invasive, long, expensive procedure. MRI-guided radiotherapy offers a non-invasive, short and cost-effective treatment of atrial fibrillation. This treatment is enabled by using MRI to solve the challenging problem of imaging and targeting small volumes affected by both respiratory and cardiac motion, a problem too difficult for other in-room imaging systems. The improved outcomes and applications observed from inroom MRI-guided radiotherapy will affect patient referral patterns and policy guidelines to increase the global radiotherapy need, benefiting the radiation oncology and global communities.


Down-the-hole hammer (DTH) drilling is an air hammer drilling technique designed for drilling through bedrock and features a typical drill string length of 200 m or shorter due to its technical specifications. During DTH drilling of granite-like hard rocks, the impacts of the piston-bit-rock system cause the drill string to generate severe vibration and noise pollution. In addition, the rapid wear of the button bit and drill string significantly decreases the drilling efficiency. Based on a distributed parameter drill string model of a DTH, this paper studies the phenomenon of the drill string's axial forced vibration with a periodic impacting force under DTH drilling in an innovative manner. With the focus of study on the DTH button bit, the transient impact force on the button bit during the drilling of the piston-bit-rock system is determined, and the impact force is converted to a periodic excitation force function using polynomial fitting. Then, the periodic impulse is transformed into a harmonic series using Fourier transforms, and finally, the drill string vibration response under the harmonic excitation force series is determined. The results reveal that a periodic impulse can mainly be determined by the nature of the DTH drill string and rock and the impact frequency during drilling. Further evidence demonstrates that at least one frequency component of the impulse harmonic series will be equal to the modal frequencies of the drill string insofar as the condition 2 nf 0 l = i E / ρ is met; the coupling of the short drill string with the DTH may cause resonance at a specific hole depth, whose resonance regions are adjacent to but not continuous with the extension of the drill string. This work should serve as an important theoretical guide for designers in the dynamic design, modification, and use of a DTH drilling system.


Abstract The leading journals in the history of sport publish book reviews which are a longstanding and visible feature of the discipline. Indeed, some journals allocate almost as much space to reviews as to scholarly articles. In this article I analyze and evaluate the contributions that book reviews make to the production of knowledge and to building disciplinary and social cohesiveness in the field. Following Pierre Bourdieu, I argue that book reviews play important roles in communities of professional scholars and the way that members position themselves and engage with, relate to, and judge one another. I illustrate this with a case study of 271 book reviews published in Sporting Traditions (the official journal of the Australian Society for Sports History) between 1984 and 1995. The case study yields two particularly relevant conclusions. First, the level of historiographical analysis presented in book reviews is typically minimal with rigorous, detailed and perceptive analyses uncommon. Second, most reviewers adopt mitigating strategies to temper or dilute their criticisms.


The ratios of front and back surface of the leaves on the ground and morphological characteristics of autumn leaves were observed in different environments,and theoretical demonstration was showed in this paper.The results indicated that because of the different density of tissue structure,the front leaf surface with higher density became concave while the back leaf surface with lower density became convex after wilting.The potential energy resulted from the difference of shape of front and back surfaces was only the 1/54 of the kinetic energy when the leaves chaotically falling in the air,and such tiny energy could not conquer the kinetic energy of falling,resulting in the same ratio of front and back surface of leaves on the ground in untraversed forests and immobile water surface.However,most front surface of leaves on the ground faced to sky in the footway in forests and on roads,which were the consequence of re-movement by wind induced from any activities.This paper corrected the idea that most leaves on the ground are front surface facing to the sky because of the different density of tissue structure of front and back leaf surfaces.


Forming a secure autonomous vehicle group is extremely challenging since we have to consider threats and vulnerability of autonomous vehicles. Existing studies focus on communications among risk-free autonomous vehicles, which lack metrics to measure passenger security and cargo values. This work proposes a novel autonomous vehicle group formation method. We introduce risk assessment scoring to assess passenger security and cargo values, and propose an autonomous vehicle group formation method based on it. Our vehicle group is composed of a master node, and a number of core and border ones. Finally, the extensive simulation results show that our method is better than a Connectivity Prediction-based Dynamic Clustering model and a Low-InDependently clustering architecture in terms of node survival time, average change count of master nodes, and average risk assessment scoring.


Current technological drive towards paperless mode of operations, which provides faster delivery of corporate and banking services to a wider range of customers, has resulted in the problem of identity theft which is becoming a growing problem in Nigeria. There is the risk of unauthorized access, fraud and inappropriate disclosure of sensitive data. Human resources and malicious applications steal user identity, potentially resulting in a direct loss of highly sensitive information and hard currency to affected victims. To protect sensitive information, commercial and corporate sites extensively employ the use of textual passwords, which when used over an encrypted connection is vulnerable to attacks. To counter some of these attacks, many corporate sites instruct users to make use of mnemonic passwords without carefully considering the implications. This paper describes an empirical investigation performed to determine the factors influencing users mnemonic passwords practices, to analyze the strength of regular passwords and to evaluate the effectiveness of mnemonic passwords. Findings revealed that users' context, which allows the deployment of mnemonic strategies for password memorization, is prosaic in nature and susceptible to human attackers and automated tools. Commercial and corporate sites will need these findings in order to adopt effective authentication strategies for logging customers into their sites.


Nowadays, the rapid development of telecommunication and information technology is happened. Also, many methods and analysis are used to solve the problem. One of the example is traffic load. As the vital point of telecommunication industry, traffic load is must be considered well. So, there will be less blocking probability for each of subscriber. This problem is also applied for two famous communication system, PLMN and PSTN. Where PLMN is a wireless network and PSTN is wired network. The literature study has been done. All the result has been presented below. In conclusion, PSTN blocking probability is determined by number of available trunks. On the other hand, PLMN has two type of blocking probability, first call blocking and hand over blocking. In addition, both PLMN and PSTN has another reason of blocking which happen when the targetted subscriber does not answered a call. Moreover, the interconnecting and exchange connection PLMN and PSTN is similiar.


The purpose of this study was to explore factors impacting heads of department's management of teaching and learning at primary schools in South Africa. The study was based on the Hersey-Blanchard Situational Leadership Model. It adopted a concurrent triangulation mixed-methods research design which combined the positivist and interpretivist paradigms. The sample consisted of 60 heads of department, who responded to a questionnaire, and another additional 10 heads of department who were interviewed. Simple random sampling was used to select the respondents to the questionnaire while purposive sampling was used to select the interviewees. The findings revealed factors such as, inter alia, a lack of administrative and financial support, lack of parental involvement, lack of learner academic development, poor working conditions, insufficient supply of learning support materials, and lack of laboratories. Therefore, this study recommends that there should be sufficient time allocation for heads of department to balance the management of teaching and learning with other roles attached to their job description as outlined in the Personnel Administrative Measures (PAM). Heads of department should be trained and be developed to support teachers and learners to enhance the quality of teaching and learning. They should share the challenges that are experienced in the classrooms with parents to be in a position that enables parents to help teachers. School-parent collaboration will enhance effective management by heads of department. Moreover, the Department of Basic Education officials should provide sustained administrative and financial support to enhance department heads' management of teaching and learning in primary schools.


Traditional sampling method was used to investigate the species diversity of Abies nephrolepis-Pinus koraiensis forest and broadleaf mixed forest dominated by birch forest in Daliangzi River National Forest Park. The results showed that,there were 66 vascular plants in 8 sample plot,belonging to 56 genera and 34 families,in Abies nephrolepis-Pinus koraiensis forest. And there were 77 vascular plants in 6 sample plot,belonging to 62 genera and33 families,in broadleaf mixed forest. The vertical structure in two communities was tree layer,shrub layer and herbaceous layer. In terms of different communities in a same vegetation layer,even the species richness index of Abies nephrolepis-Pinus koraiensis forest was lower than that of broadleaf mixed forest,the species diversity index of the tree layer and shrub layer was not obvious between two communities. The species diversity difference of herbaceous layer was obvious,with higher species richness index,higher Simpson index,higher Shannon-Wiener index in broadleaf mixed forest and higher Pielou index in Abies nephrolepis-Pinus koraiensis forest. In terms of different layers in the same community,species richness index and Shannon-wiener index showed a tendency of herb layer tree layer shrub layer,with Simpson index of tree layer shrub layer herb layer,and Pielou index of shrub layer was greater than that of tree layer and herb layer,and the Pielou index of herb layer was slightly higher than that of tree layer in Abies nephrolepis-Pinus koraiensis forest,while that was the opposite in the broadleaf mixed forest.


The wide range of thermal responses required in laboratory and scientific equipment requires a temperature controller with a great deal of flexibility. While a number of analog temperature controllers are commercially available, they have certain limitations, such as inflexible parameter control or insufficient precision. Most lack digital interface capabilities--a necessity when the temperature controller is part of a computer-controlled automatic data acquisition system. We have developed an extremely versatile microcomputer-based temperature controller to fulfill this need in a variety of equipment. The control algorithm used allows optimal tailoring of parameters to control overshoot, response time, and accuracy. This microcomputer-based temperature controller can be used as a standalone instrument (with a teletype used to enter para-meters), or it can be integrated into a data acquisition system (with a computer used to pass parameters by way of an IEE-488 instrumentation bus).


Physician ́s use of information systems remains a highly interesting area for information systems research to the recent days. Numerous studies have been conducted to investigate the enablers and inhibitors of such use. However, no study has yet provided comprehensive insights. To advance efforts in this field, this research takes a step back and investigates the issue in an exploratory research layout. 47 informants provided input accompanied by more than 40 hours of workplace shadowing in two German hospitals. Our findings show that focusing only on physicians does not help to answer the question. The root causes for successful system deployment are a combined approach to focus not only on the user but also on the process and the system. The three factors influence each other. Our findings also underline the importance of leadership and organizational setting.


The industrial sector represents one-fifth of total global CO2 emissions. Refining is the fourth largest contributor to CO2 industrial emissions.
The implementation of carbon capture and storage technologies (CCS) in the industrial sector is considered a key action by the International
Energy Agency (IEA) to reduce CO2 emissions. However, the majority of the development for CO2 capture and storage is driven by the
electric-utility sector. The aim of this paper is to assess the potential deployment of CO2 capture within the refining sector as first step of
the CCS chain.
The assessment starts with the description of the four main approaches for CO2 capture, namely: post-combustion, pre-combustion, oxyfuel combustion and chemical looping combustion.
Next, four principal CO2 emissions routes are identified in the processes of a refinery: process heaters, hydrogen production, utilities and
fluidised catalytic crackers (FCC). Suitable CO2 capture technologies for each of these routes are analysed. Also, a brief overview of some
CCS projects in the refining sector is presented.
The conclusions extracted point that there is an interest from the refining sector in CO2 capture, as indicated by initiated demonstration
projects. CO2 capture is a technically feasible option for reducing CO2 emissions from the refining sector through a range of post combustion,
pre-combustion and oxy-fuel technologies. Yet, there are a number of challenges that are hindering widespread deployment of CO2 capture
that need to be overcome. Potential for early deployment of CO2 capture in refineries exists for some high purity CO2 streams, which are a
by-product of certain hydrogen production processes. The latter, along with development of CCS in the power generation sector, could be
the initial stage for a further progress of CO2 capture in the refining sector.


ABSTRACT This study numerically investigated eight configurations of stepped spillways with 45° slopes. The rounded and sharped configurations exhibited the highest and second highest air concentrations, respectively. The baffled-shifted rounded configuration had the lowest air concentration and the highest turbulent dissipation rate and water head dissipation rate. The largest interfacial velocities and the smallest frictional drag were observed for the rounded configuration. The turbulent dissipation rate of the rounded configuration was higher than that of the sharped configuration. The silled-shifted sharped configuration had the lowest turbulent dissipation rate. Intense turbulent dissipation rates occurred in the mixing layer and the interfacial region with air concentrations of 90%. The residual energy of the baffled-shifted rounded configuration was approximately 8% and 13% lower than that of the rounded and sharped configurations, respectively. The highest residual energy under the baffled-shifted sharped configuration appeared to be associated with the lowest turbulent dissipation rate.


The purpose of this research is to investigate consumer attitudes and preferences towards local and international brand purchases against a background of factors like purchase intention, quality, brand love, brand coolness, social status and price. It was found that the quality of global brands was perceived to be generally higher and superior and symbolic to local brands. Most purchasers are also associated with greater accessibility of foreign brands in the Indian market. As companies become global, a thorough understanding of the attitudinal and behavioral characteristics of emerging consumer markets should be done because what is known about consumers in one part of the world and is not applicable to consumers in other parts of the world. A survey design was employed to collect data for this research. A total of 167 questionnaires were collected from young adults within the campus area of Lovely Professional University. However, for the purpose of this research, young adults will be defined as those aged between 18 and 33 because young adults in this age range are more likely the earning generation and tend to indulge in status seeking consumption of brands. To collect data, digital approach was adopted, and questionnaire was distributed to the people online via media platforms.


After 8 years of planning the first clinical trial of an HIV vaccine in Africa has been launched in Uganda. The trial is being conducted at the Joint Clinical Research Center in Kampala and at the Uganda Virus Research Institute in Entebbe. It will evaluate the safety and durability of immune response to a vaccine known as ALVAC vCP205 which is based on an attenuated canarypox virus. The vaccine contains only 3 HIV genes rendering it incapable of causing HIV infection. Researchers involved in phase I of the double-blind trial are enrolling 40 healthy HIV-negative adults aged 18-40 years who are at low risk of becoming HIV-infected. They will be assigned randomly to a group of 20 who will receive the HIV vaccine 10 serving as controls by receiving an experimental canarypox vaccine for rabies or 10 who will receive a placebo injection. Each trial volunteer will get 4 injections during a 6-month period. The trial will last 1 year with an additional year of follow-up to monitor adverse effects and immune responses. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases is sponsoring the trial with assistance from the Ugandan government and several other organizations. (full text)


where (u, v), ρ, p and ν are velocity vector, mass density, pressure and kinematic viscosity, respectively and γ is a constant representing the strength of the sinusoidal outer force. Also ∗ξ := ∂/∂ξ(ξ = t, x, y) and ∆ := ∂/∂x2 + ∂/∂y2. The flow region is a rectangle [−a, a]× [−b, b] and the periodic boundary conditions are imposed in both directions. The aspect ratio is denoted by α := b/a. The equations (1–3) describe the Navier-Stokes flows in a two-dimensional flat torus under a special driving force proposed by Kolmogorov [1], [2] and have a basic solution which is written as (u, v, p) = (k sin(πy/b), 0, d), where k := bγ/(πν) and d is any constant. It is known that non-trivial solutions bifurcate from the basic solution at a certain Reynolds number, which is defined below, if and only if 0 < α < 1 [1]. Okamoto-Shoji [2] computed numerically bifurcation diagrams with the Reynolds number as a bifurcation parameter varying the aspect ratio as a splitting parameter. They also strongly suggested stability of the first bifurcating solutions for all 0 < α < 1. Nagatou [3] took an another approach to this stability problem by employing the theory of verified computation and showed that the stability of the first bifurcating solutions is mathematical rigorously assured for the cases of α = 0.4, 0.7 and 0.8. In the previous paper [4], we proposed a method to prove the existence and the local uniqueness of the steady-state solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations (1–3) for a given Reynolds number and aspect ratio by a computer-assisted proof with some verified results. It was also the first theoretical results to the nontrivial solutions of the equations (1–3). The aim of this lecture is to apply our another verification method: FNInt [5] to prove the existence of the steady-state solutions of problem (1–3). Introducing the stream function φ satisfying u = φy and v = −φx so that ux + vy = 0, the equations (1–3) can be rewritten as


Aim To investage the effects of μ、δ、κ-receptor on hyperlocomotor and analgesia in mice.Methods Locomotor activity experiment and hot-plate pain experiment were measured.Results Oxycodone dose-dependently enhanced locomotor response in mice.Naloxone,a unselective opioid receptor antagonists and naltrindole(δ-selective opioid receptor antagonist)could attenuate the increase of locomotor acitivity induced by oxycodone,but naloxonazine,a μ-receptor antagonist had no such effect.κ-receptor antagonist nor-Binltorphimine increased hyperlocomotion induced by oxycodone.In antinociceptive experiment,naloxonazine and naltrindole could not attenuate the that of oxycodone,but nor-Binaltorphimine could attenuate the antinociceptive effects of oxycodone.Conclusion Oxycodone-hyperlocomotor is probably mediated by δ opioid receptor,and antinocieptive effects of oxycodone is probably mediated by κ opioid receptor.


In this section, we provide users with pointers on how to use cases/case studies in research methods teaching. Teaching using cases is an ever more prominent approach at undergraduate and graduate How to Use Cases in Research Methods Teaching: An Author and Editor's View In this section, we provide users with pointers on how to use cases/case studies in research methods teaching. Teaching using cases is an ever more prominent approach at undergraduate and graduate levels. Cases are used to inform introductory research methods courses, along with courses in statistics, qualitative research, and research training in general. Cases are a key part of research project supervision because they play a vital role in translating the dry and abstract theory of formal course content into a more vivid account of what actually happens in real research projects. Crucially, cases offer teachers and their students the opportunity to reflect critically on the conduct of an actual research project, and to ask questions of how such research might have been designed differently or of what worked well or less well in a particular research scenario. In many disciplines, most obviously in Business Studies, the use of cases in teaching is commonplace and needs no introduction. However, in some parts of the Social Sciences, the teaching of courses using cases is more of an emerging trend, and here, teachers in higher education are likely to vary in their familiarity with the use of cases in teaching. In the following paragraphs, Janet Salmons, one of the original board members for SAGE Research Methods and SAGE Research Methods Cases, sets out her thoughts on how cases can be used to teach research methods. Every teacher will have their own approach to the use of cases, but Salmons' piece, in setting out how she approaches case use in methods teaching, is rich in ideas and suggestions that those new to case teaching might want to consider using with their own students. Teaching Research Methods with SAGE Research Methods Cases What Are Research Methods Cases and How Might They Be Used? A research methods case, or case study, is a narrative account of the conduct of an actual study from the perspective of the researcher. Often, a particular dilemma or process is SAGE Research Methods Cases Part 1 SAGE ©2014 SAGE Publications, Ltd.. All Rights Reserved. How to Use Cases in Research Methods Teaching: An Author and Editor's View Page 2 of 10 embedded within the narrative; it is a snapshot of a situation at a specific point in time. Some cases focus on the conduct of an entire research project from start to finish, while others focus on the application of a particular method or theory within the context of a larger study. The best cases will bring the story of doing research to life for readers. Case studies are designed to encourage students to extricate the key issues and understand alternative ways to address the problems presented. Students can use the case as a springboard for related research and writing, problem solving and discussion. Assignments for individual students can ask them to dig into various dimensions of the case. Case analysis can also be a fruitful basis for team projects to promote student-to-student exchange and peer learning. Team members can look at the situation presented in the case from various positions and work together to explore it more deeply. Active learning encourages students to bridge theory and practice, and case analysis provides one kind of experiential opportunity for realistic problem solving. Unlike field placements or practicals, case analysis allows for safe experimentation and reflection without concern for the impact on real organizations or participants. Given these points about teaching and learning with cases generally, how can research cases be used in teaching and learning? These cases offer something different from an article or book about research methods: the experiences of researchers who confront the challenges of moving from orderly research design to the reality of actual participants and a messy world. Readers see their intentions and plans, their decision making, and work-arounds. By exploring these cases, students can gain a realistic sense of the role of the researcher and the nature of research. Perhaps most importantly, research case analysis offers students a chance to see that there are no easy answers and that often there is not one right answer when designing and conducting research. Using Case Analysis to Develop Students' Skills and Understanding Case analysis uses critical and creative thinking. The process of analyzing the issues, conducting further research, and proposing solutions can add an experiential dimension to research methods courses that allows the building of higher order skills in a way that simpler reading-and-writing assignments do not. Learning potential for case analysis can be described using the categories from Bloom's Taxonomy (Bloom, Engelhart, Furst, Hill, & Krathwohl, 1956). You can adapt the following descriptions, together with learning objectives included with each case study, to articulate appropriate objectives for the assignment(s) or projects you design for your class: SAGE Research Methods Cases Part 1 SAGE ©2014 SAGE Publications, Ltd.. All Rights Reserved. How to Use Cases in Research Methods Teaching: An Author and Editor's View Page 3 of 10 Knowledge: Students are asked to use research cases and related literature to define terms, concepts and research approaches. Comprehension: Students are expected to understand the research approach described in the case and be able to use this understanding to explicate key dimensions of the research design and conduct of the study. Application: Students are expected to apply ideas or theories from the class into a situation presented in the case study. Analysis: Students are expected to distinguish motives and assumptions that underlie circumstances and diagnose the problems presented in the case study. Synthesis: Students are asked to draw on multiple sources to develop different approaches to conducting the study described in the case. Based on their analysis, they develop recommendations for solving the problems presented in the case. Evaluation: Students are expected to evaluate the research presented in the case, develop alternative approaches, and judge the value and effectiveness of recommendations they have chosen. In class discussion or team projects, they may also evaluate their analysis and recommendations in comparison to those suggested by classmates. Key Steps for a Research Methods Case Analysis You should consider ways that case analysis would fit with the goals and objectives of your course, the academic level of the course, interests and characteristics of your students, and the amount of time available. One possible approach is to select the cases and related readings based on the methods used; another alternative is to select additional readings suggested by the case author. If you can allot more time, students can be asked to choose cases that interest them and carry out their own research to learn more about the approaches described in the case, the circumstances, and background of the study. More advanced students could practice research design by developing a different approach for carrying out the study presented in the case, or practice some of the skills used by the researcher. The following steps outline options that you can adapt and build on. One possible approach is to use them as the basis of stand-alone assignments; another is to use them as a whole and build an in-depth project. You can look for ways to use selected steps as the basis for incremental activities over several class units or weave them throughout an entire course or seminar. They would work in online, on-campus-based, or hybrid courses. See the following section for specific suggestions for applying this case analysis approach to team projects. The following outline is offered as a catalyst for your own creative use of cases with your students. Each case study includes exercises and/or discussion questions that can be adapted SAGE Research Methods Cases Part 1 SAGE ©2014 SAGE Publications, Ltd.. All Rights Reserved. How to Use Cases in Research Methods Teaching: An Author and Editor's View Page 4 of 10


PURPOSE: A display system is provided to produce a subtitle capable of reducing fatigue of a user. CONSTITUTION: A display device extracts a main object from a 3D image(S610). The display device calculates depth information of the extracted main object(S620). The display device creates subtitle information using the depth information of the main object prediction area(S630). The display device synthesizes the subtitle with the 3D image by the generated subtitle information(S640). The display device displays the 3D image(S650).


In this paper, the optimization problem of the two-hop relay channel with linear relaying is discussed. The expression of the capacity for the Gaussian two-hop relay channel with linear relaying is shown, which is an optimization problem over the relaying function and the covariance matrix of the signals transmitted by the source node. We show that the solution to the optimization problem is equivalent to a "single-letter" optimization problem, the solution to which has the same form as the expression of the rate achieved by time-sharing amplify and forward (TSAF). Taking a special case as example, we present that the achievable rate with TSAF and the maximal rate computed by exhaustively search are almost equal to each other at any SNR, which demonstrates the efficiency of TSAF.


Heart failure (HF) is associated with a prothrombotic state, resulting in an increased risk for thrombo‐embolic events. Studies suggest a reduced prothrombotic state when non‐selective beta‐blockers relative to selective beta‐blockers are given. We studied the influence of non‐selective beta‐blockers compared with selective beta‐blockers on the occurrence of arterial and venous thrombo‐embolic events in patients with HF.


Abstract The Covid-19 pandemic has forced people worldwide to stay home for long periods. Dance schools and sports clubs have organized online courses. Homes have thus become a stage for body movements. Although online gym classes seem like a new phenomenon, they had a predecessor in the radio gym classes of the 1930s. Belgian dancer Lea Daan (1906–1995), schooled in modern dance by German choreographer Rudolf von Laban, gave gym classes in Dutch for the newly founded National Radio Institute and succeeded in creating a sense of community without any visual means. This paper investigates how Daan organized these live classes and how they fitted within the broader framework of home culture during the economic crisis. We also reflect on the relation between the private and public spheres, a relation reinforced by the modern home through specific architectural elements intended to reform all household members.


PURPOSE: A system and a method for translating a web document into a mother language in real-time are provided to perform translation fit to a language environment of a user and translate multimedia contents frequently used for the EC(Electric Commerce) by equipping with a plurality of translators. CONSTITUTION: A web document converter(13) receives/analyzes an HTTP(HyperText Transfer Protocol) request transmitted from the user, makes the request fit to a requested protocol, and transmits the request to a web server(40). The web document converter transmits the request of the user to a translation system(10) by collecting hyperlink addresses of a received web document, and converts the wrongly translated web document into the web document fit to user's language environment by referring to a matrix(131). The matrix is a database defining a conversion format to convert an original image into a corrected image and correct a translation error of the web document translated by the translator(121). The translation system constructs the database by previously examining the web documents to be translated and examines the web documents provided from many web servers by each address.


We show experimentally that workload-based AP-STA associations can improve system throughput significantly. We present a predictive model that guides optimal resource allocations in dense Wi-Fi networks and achieves 72-77% of the optimal throughput with varying training data set sizes using a 3-day trace of real cable modem traffic.


The effect of structure shape and geometrical parameters of the channel on heat transfer coefficient and thermal deformation of the microchannel water-cooled mirror has been simulated by analyzing the temperature distribution obtained by using FLUENT to solve the 3D steady laminar flow and heat transfer governing equations, and the deformation obtained by coupling the temperature field to ANSYS software. Three different shapes of microchannel, i.e., rectangle, trapezoid and circle, are studyed in this paper. Average heat transfer coefficient of bulk and local interface, and thermal deformation of mirror of each shape examined with three geometrical dimensions, are simulated. It is found that for same channel, the temperature distribution is not symmetrical, the highest temperature moves to the downstream, the heat transfer coefficient of each interface is also different, the heat transfer coefficient of side wall is biggest, the heat transfer coefficient of other walls decreases along the water flow direction. For the mirror using same shape microchannel and hydraulic diameter. The average heat transfer coefficient and thermal deformation are related to hydraulic diameter and channel shape. Reducing hydraulic diameter may help to induce high heat transfer coefficient. The trapezoid channel mirror has the smallest thermal deformation among the three shapes channel mirrors. At the condition of heat flux of 1.47W/cm2, and water inlet velocity of 2.54m/s, the thermal deformation of mirror with the smallest trapezoid microchannel is only about 1.6×10−2μm. numerically.


An efficient strategy to produce forests of aligned nanowires and nail‐like micrometer‐sized structures, whose density can be tuned in a broad range, is reported in this study. It relies on a combination of two template‐assisted nanofabrication/patterning methods: electrochemical growth of metal nanowires in nanoporous sacrificial templates and partial masking of a surface with a self‐assembled colloidal monolayer. A great potential of this novel approach, termed here colloidal occlusion template method, is demonstrated on the example of the fabrication of omniphobic surfaces comprised of nickel micronails whose density is varied to approach highest possible contact angles. After chemical modification to reduce their surface tension, these microstructures with reentrant geometry support the non‐wetting Cassie state for both high‐surface‐tension water and low‐surface‐tension hexadecane. In particular, superhydrophobic behavior (contact angles exceeding 150°) is found for water, while oleophobicity (contact angles approaching 110°) is observed for hexadecane. The proposed approach can be exploited for the fabrication of a large variety of supported high‐aspect‐ratio nano/microstructures in applications where a surface density of features has to be several orders of magnitude lower than can be obtained with conventional template methods.


The goals of gender budget initiatives are (Sharp, 2002): i) raise awareness of the gender equality of the gender issues and impacts of budgets and policies; ii) promote accountabiliy of governments for their gender equality commitments; iii) change budgets and policies to promote gender equality.
The aim of this paper is to analyse the Italian Gender Budget Initiatives at regional and local level in order to point out: i) the stated goals; ii) the gender accountability goal as declared goal of the gender initiatives.


The performance of a CVD diamond radiation detector with an inter-digitated coplanar electrode geometry is reported. The coplanar structure produces a shallow lateral electric field distribution and consequently charge transport occurs in a region close to the growth surface of the CVD diamond film, where the drift lengths are maximised. The spectroscopic performance of the coplanar diamond detector was investigated using alpha particles from a /sup 241/Am source, and also using a scanning 2 MeV proton microprobe. A broad full energy peak was observed using 5.49 MeV alpha particles, with an overall charge collection efficiency of approximately 16% at a bias voltage of 300 V. Images obtained from the proton microprobe demonstrate the inhomogeneous pulse height response across the active surface of the detectors, caused by a combination of the polycrystalline diamond material and also non-uniform electric field profile.


Lightning from the East uncovers the teachings and activities of Chinese Protestant-related new religious movements such as the Church of Almighty God, how Chinese authorities and Christians have responded to them, and how they fit with Chinese religion and global Christianity.


Abstract Diets varying in content of hydrolyzed feather meal and zinc bacitracin supplements of various purities were fed to 1728 turkeys from one day to seven or eight weeks of age. Hydrolyzed feather meal added at 5.0% with 3.77% ground yellow corn in the place of 8.77% soybean meal did not affect body weights but decreased feed consumption by 2.3% and increased feed efficiency by 1.9%, reflecting the corresponding increase in energy content of the diets. The observed increase in feed efficiency of 1.9 ± .6% was not significantly different from .8% expected based on a reported 2227 kilocalories of metabolizable energy per kilogram for hydrolyzed feather meal. Bacitracin increased body weights 5.8 and 5.1% when added to diets at 11.0 and 27.6 ppm in the first two experiments, and 1.4, 3.7, and 7.6% when added at 5.5, 11.0, and 27.6 ppm, respectively, in the last two experiments. Pure zinc bacitracin increased body weight as much as equivalent amounts from a crude feed grade source, indicating that zinc bacitracin is the active component and that the carrier is the crude source is apparently inactive material.


Only in 2016–2017, 954 works on cachexia, including 370 review articles and comments, 254 case studies and other non-randomized studies, 246 basic studies, and 26 randomized trials were published. There were 147 publications with 10 or more citations and 25% of them came from 5 journals (there were 478 journals interested in the cachexia problem in the analyzed period worldwide). The progress of cachexia research towards randomized trials and the growing number of publications in general foster the search for new therapies. The contents of Polish Medical Bibliography prove a great interest in the nutritional treatment of oncological patients among dieticians and slightly less interest among oncologists. Pharmacists are also interested in advising in multi-specialized cancer therapy. This indicates the awareness of the significance of the problem among representatives of many different disciplines. Step by step, the problem of oncological patients treatment ceases to be an exclusive concern for oncologists and this is good news given growing challenges of systemic treatment. On the other hand, it should be mentioned that nutritional treatment serves only an auxiliary function in comprehensive cancer therapy. An aim of this article is to recollect basic standards in the nutritional treatment of oncological patients, while new methods of therapy are awaited.


Smart city is another powerful application of IOT generating curiosity among world's population not only to keep our city clean and neat but also to decreased the griminess, nastiness produced by the dustbins that will be controlled by using iOT garbage monitoring Sometimes in various areas dustbins were overload and it cause viral diseases. To avoid these we can use smart dustbin in which GSM board send massage by detecting the level of garbage with the help of IR (Infrared Rays) in the dustbin. Most of the times hungry stray animals for e.g. -dogs, cats, cows, etc. Will eat that overflowed garbage which contain plastic, toxic medicine etc., it will cause harm to their health. the main purpose of these system is to control garbage, human efforts, to make smart city.


In this note, we prove an equilibrium existence theorem for games with discontinuous payoffs and convex and compact strategy spaces. It generalizes the classical result of Reny (1999), as well as the recent paper of McLennan, Monteiro, and Tourky (2011). Our conditions are simple and easy to verify. Importantly, examples of spatial location models show that our conditions allow for economically meaningful payoff discontinuities, that are not covered by other conditions in the literature.


Objective
To investigate the fine management in the role of infection control management and the effect evaluation in pharmacy intravenous admixture services.

Methods
From July 2013 to June 2016, infection control management were reviewed retrospectively in pharmacy intravenous admixture services: routine management (from July 2013 to December 2014) and fine management (from January 2015 to June 2016). The settlement of air bacteria formation rate, hand hygiene compliance and accuracy of drug-care workers, and worker′s hand colonization monitoring data before and after the fine management were compared.

Results
After the implementation of fine management, the settlement of air bacteria formation rate was reduced from 10.42% (120.0/1 152) to 4.45% (51.3/1 152); there was significant differences (t=3.417, P<0.01).The hand hygiene compliance of drug-care workers increased from 81.50%(1 172/1 438) to 95.56%(1 314/1 375), the difference was statistically significant (χ2= 1.353, P<0.01); the accuracy rate increased from 86.09%(1 109/1 172) to 95.13%(1 250/1 314), the difference was statistically significant (χ2=60.975, P<0.01); workers′ hands colonies number after fine management decreased than before, and there was significant differences (χ2=41.163, P<0.01).

Conclusions
The fine management has a higher application value in the infection control management of pharmacy intravenous admixture services, which can reduce the settlement of air bacteria formation rate, workers′ hands colonies number, improve hand hygiene compliance and accuracy of drug-care workers, further standardize the worker′s behavior, provide a more secure configuration environment, and guarantee the quality of drug configuration.

Key words:
Infection control; Fine management; Pharmacy intravenous admixture services; Average number of colonies; Hand hygiene


The formation of Leptospira colonies on solid culture media varying in composition were studied. In all species of Leptospira 3 main periods of colony development were revealed, each of them having its characteristic morphological changes connected with the growth of the colony deeply into agar.


Mathematics Pedagogical Content Knowledge (MPCK) affects classroom practices which in turn affects learning by pupils. While there are many desirable practices which demonstrate strong MPCK, teachers' adoption and use of these practices in part depend on the value placed on them by the school management. This paper presents the quantitative and qualitative findings of a survey as well as insights from interviews of primary schools' Mathematics department heads on their perceptions of the importance of various teachers' practices in contributing towards effective mathematics teaching and learning. The study shows that the department heads value practices which contribute towards conceptual learning and pupil motivation to learn which go beyond achievement in performance tests.


As a classical Combinatorial optimization problem,resource-constrained project scheduling problem belongs to NP-Hard puzzle in theory.Combined the advantages of Culture Algorithm(CA) with Self-adapted Genetic Algorithm(SGA),a novel intelligent optimization algorithm,Culture Genetic Algorithm(CGA) is proposed to solve the scheduling problem of resource-constrained project in this paper.Two kinds of spaces,population space and belief space are set,each evolving independently with adaptive Genetic Algorithm strategy.The belief space is updated simultaneously through the acceptance operation and impact operation defined in the algorithm by synchronous transmission mode.To ensure the population diversity and avoid local convergence,sine function and cosine function are adopted to control crossover ratio and mutation ratio.The simulation results of the standard PSPLIB problems show that the algorithm not only possesses the global convergence but also the higher convergent speed to a certain degree.


[Objective] The aim was to discuss the new method of determining thiocyanate(SCN-) content in vegetables.[Method] CuSCN,which Cu(Ⅱ) could be reduced to Cu(Ⅰ) by ascorbic acid in the presence of acetic acid buffer medium and SCN-,then Cu(Ⅰ) was precipitated with SCN-.Using the precipitation reaction and combined with flowinjection method,the new method of flow-injection resonance light scattering was established to determine SCN-.[Result]The linear range of determination was 3-160 μg/ml.The detection limit was 0.167 g /ml SCN-.[Conclusion] The confirmed method were simple,a little reagent and wide linear range.The method was could be applied to the determination of thiocyanate in vegetables.


Five Pt(II) complexes with the ligands 2-ethyl-/ or-benzyl-/ or-phenoxymethyl- and 1-methyl-2-hydroxymethyl- and 1-methyl-2-phenyl- benzimidazoles were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, and IR and 1H-NMR spectra and evaluated for their in vitro genotoxic activities by Rec-Assay test. Based on the data obtained in this study, the Pt(II) complexes tested might be taken into consideration as promising antitumor compounds.


The development of three-dimensional atomic force microscopy (3D-AFM) enabled the direct visualization of 3D hydration structures at solid-liquid interfaces with subnanometer resolution. Such imaging is possible because the hydration structure, once disorganized by the tip scan, can recover its original state through self-organization. Based on the same concept, the interior of any 3D self-organizing systems (3D-SOSs) may be visualized by 3D-AFM. To pursue this possibility, we have explored 3D-AFM imaging of various 3D-SOSs in interface sciences, life sciences and electrochemistry. Here, we review our recent progress in such 3D-AFM studies on 3D-SOSs, including hydration structures on cellulose nanocrystals, adsorption structures of anti-freezing surfactants on sapphire (0001) surfaces, intra-cellular components inside living cells, and charges accumulated inside an electric double layer. These examples demonstrate the effectiveness of 3D-AFM for understanding the nanoscale structures, properties and functions of various 3D-SOSs.


The standard sites were set up for the first time to investigate the habitat and biological characteristics of Zanthoxylum Dissitum Hemsl, belonging to Zanthoxylum genous, Rutacea family,in Zhangjiajie in May and December, 2005. The results of random sampling investigation show that Z. Dissitum Hemsl is mainly distributed at the altitudes of 500~1000 m, and scatter in evergreen broadleaved forest; it is light-demanding and wet-tolerant, and often grow in the sides of ditches and streams, but it can't tolerance strong light shootings it is woody vine, having brown sharp prickles on stems, odd pinnately alternate compound leaves, and there are sharp stabs on the back of leaf midribs. Cymose panicle is axillary, and lavender and unisexual flower has 4 calyxes and 4 petals, and 4 liberate carpels;fruit is slightly oblate with one seed. Florescence is from December to February next year, and fruit matures in December next year. So fruits and flowers can exist at the same time in one tree. The phenomenon of alternate bearing is severe. The mean pH value of the soil from habitat is 6. 78, the content in organic matters in it is 9. 02%, and the mean absolute water content in it in winter is 26. 89%.


ABSTRACT
This essay aims at discussing the issues of inwardness and maternal anxieties in Shakespeare's play King Lear. It also approaches the signifier, based on Lacan's assumptions. It first presents Lacan's assumptions on the signifier and the constitution of subjetivity. After that, it discusses maternal anxieties based on Janet Adelman's work (1992). Adelman studies maternal fantasies based on Freud's psychoanalytic framework, but she never mentions Lacan's assumptions. She does not reveal the deeper devices in Lear's inwardness are denied and repressed, whose driving and inward projections suggest dark dimensions and dispositions of Lear's inner self; she only discusses maternal fantasies re-imagined with his daughters. In order to overcome this gap, I discuss and analyse the psychic constellations which are revealed in the silences, non-said, and non-sequiturs of his speeches, which point out a set of metaphors projected beyond the pre-oedipal phase, experienced by Gloucester. Such experience will not be directed only to his son Edgar image, but he projects his anger to other characters in the play, such as Edmond and his maternal figures. The experience of self individuation could be associated to a chain of imagetic, paranoid elements, which point out the loss of referenciality, wholeness and centrality of the psyche of the self, and consequently confuses him and makes him re-direct the locus of his inward projections. According to Lacan, the unconscious is something purely logic, in other words, it is something originated from the signifier.


In this paper there is proved a generalization of a theorem of Stein and Weiss concerning metric properties of the conjugate characteristic functions of given sets on the interval [0, 2π]. As an application for the Hilbert transform of a bounded function, the optimal correlation where the Favard's constant : is also established.


Patients with hereditary retinoblastoma are at increased risk for second malignancies, most notably sarcomas, particularly after treatment with radiation. Malignant phyllodes tumor is a rare secondary malignancy in these patients. We present a review of the literature and report of a patient with hereditary retinoblastoma who developed two secondary malignancies, including malignant phyllodes tumor. The patient's phyllodes tumor presented as a palpable breast mass with suspicious findings on mammogram and ultrasound. The mass was shown to be at least a borderline phyllodes tumor via sonographic percutaneous biopsy and confirmed malignant phyllodes tumor on final surgical excision. Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa Introduction In the United States, only 250-300 cases of retinoblastoma are diagnosed each year. Patients with hereditary retinoblastoma, representing approximately 40% of patients, have germline mutations in the retinoblastoma gene, RB1, and frequently have bilateral or multifocal unilateral tumors. Due to improvements in diagnosis and treatment, patients with hereditary retinoblastoma are living into adulthood, and secondary malignancies are now the most common cause of death. Radiation therapy for hereditary retinoblastoma has been identified as a causative factor in the development of subsequent malignancies. The most common secondary malignancies reported include sarcoma, carcinoma, intracranial primitive neuroectodermal tumor, and melanoma. Breast, lung, and bladder carcinomas have been identified as the most frequent Proceedings in Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2013; 3(2):5 Malignant phyllodes with hereditary retinoblastoma 2 secondary epithelial malignancies. Phyllodes tumors of the breast are uncommon, representing less than 1% of breast tumors. They usually occur in women 40-50 years of age and often present as palpable masses. Phyllodes tumors are commonly classified as benign, borderline or malignant, with approximately 10-20% of tumors classified as malignant. The average annual age-adjusted incidence rate of malignant phyllodes is 2.1 per 1 million women. The database of the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program documented only 158 patients with malignant phyllodes from 1973-1981. Phyllodes tumors have been described with alterations in the expression of the retinoblastoma protein. The occurrence of phyllodes tumor of the breast in the setting of retinoblastoma has only been reported in two patients. We report a case of malignant phyllodes tumor of the breast occurring in a patient with a history of hereditary retinoblastoma as an infant and leiomyosarcoma of the nasal cavity as a young adult. The imaging findings of phyllodes tumors and the association between these neoplasms are reviewed. Case Report The patient was diagnosed with hereditary bilateral retinoblastoma and treated with radiation therapy at four months of age. She then developed a leiomyosarcoma of the nasal cavity at age 29 (Figs. 1 & 2), which was diagnosed on excisional biopsy. She subsequently had a recurrence of the leiomyosarcoma treated with surgery at 30 years of age. The patient was never treated with chemotherapy and no radiation therapy was given for her nasal leiomyosarcoma before diagnosis of phyllodes. Figure 1. Axial facial CT image demonstrated a 3.4 cm soft tissue mass in the right nasal cavity (black arrow). Proceedings in Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2013; 3(2):5 Malignant phyllodes with hereditary retinoblastoma 3 Figure 2. Microscopic examination of the right nasal mass excisional biopsy (hematoxylin and eosin stain; 400x magnification) showing atypical spindle cell neoplasm. At 32 years of age she presented with a new palpable right breast mass. A 1.6 cm irregular high density mass with microlobulated and illdefined margins (Figs. 3 and 4) in the subareolar region was demonstrated on digital mammography. Targeted right breast ultrasound of the subareolar region at the 11:30 position demonstrated a hypoechoic mass with microlobulated margins measuring 1.4 cm (Fig. 5), correlating with the mammographic abnormality. The differential diagnosis for the imaging findings included mammary carcinoma, fibroadenoma, and phyllodes tumor. A BIRADS 4 assessment was given and ultrasound-guided biopsy recommended. A second small 10 mm oval circumscribed isodense mass was also noted on mammogram and ultrasound at the 6:00 position. This mass was determined to be probably benign, a BIRADS 3 assessment given and a 6 month follow-up mammogram was recommended. The patient's physician preferred that both lesions be biopsied. Figure 3. Right CC (A) and MLO (B) views demonstrate a 1.6 cm irregular subareolar mass (white arrow). A second small 10 mm oval isodense mass was also noted at the 6:00 position (white arrow head). A B Proceedings in Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2013; 3(2):5 Malignant phyllodes with hereditary retinoblastoma 4 Figure 4. Spot compression right CC (A) and MLO (B) views demonstrate persistence of the irregular subareolar mass with microlobulated and illdefined margins (white arrow). The second small 10 mm oval isodense mass also persists at the 6:00 position with circumscribed borders (white arrow head). Figure 5: Longitudinal (A) and transverse (B) ultrasound images demonstrate a lobulated hypoechoic mass with microlobulated borders measuring 1.4 cm (white arrow). Ultrasound-guided core biopsy of both lesions was subsequently performed. Pathology of the smaller likely benign lesion at the 6:00 position showed fibroadenoma. The core biopsy of the palpable mass demonstrated at least a borderline phyllodes tumor on histopathology, and surgical excision was recommended. The patient returned for surgical excision, with pathology demonstrating malignant phyllodes tumor (Fig. 6). Chromosomal analyses were not reported on any of her tumors. The patient initially underwent lumpectomy with close margin (1 mm from anterior inferior resection margin). Central breast excision was performed six weeks later and no residual tumor was identified. At this time, there is no evidence of recurrence of the phyllodes. A B


We consider the following question: When are rings of differential operators coherent? If $A$ is a finitely generated smooth domain over a field $k$ of characteristic $0$, then the ring $D$ of differential operators on $A$ is a Noetherian ring and a finitely generated $k$-algebra. However, when $k$ has characteristic $p > 0$ or when $A$ is singular, this is no longer true. In fact, Bernstein, Gelfand and Gelfand showed that for the cubic cone $A = k[x,y,z]/(x^3 + y^3 + z^3)$, the ring $D$ is neither Noetherian nor finitely generated if $k$ has characteristic $0$, and the same is true for the polynomial ring $A = k[x_1, \dots, x_n]$ if $k$ has characteristic $p > 0$. In this paper, we prove that the ring $D$ of differential operators on a finitely generated, smooth and connected algebra $A$ over a field $k$ of characteristic $p > 0$ is coherent, and conjecture that same holds for the cubic cone in characteristic $0$. We argue that the question of coherence is the more fundamental one, and use some interesting results of Bavula to study holonomic $D$-modules on $A = k[x_1, \dots, x_n]$ in characteristic $p > 0$.


Objective To report the clinical effects of microsurgery in treatment of infected extremities after blood vessel prosthesis were transplanted.Methods From Jan.1998 to Dec.2008,8 cases of major vascular injuries in extremities were blood-supplied by cross bridge vascular anastomosis from uninjured extremities,including 4 cases of femoral artery and vein,2 cases of popliteal artery and vein,and 2 cases of brachial artery and vein. Results After 3 years of follow-up,blood circulation of infected extremities were reestablished in each of 8 cases,as well as function and appearance recovered.Conclusion The procedure of cross bridge vascular anastomosis from uninjured extremities may efficiently restitute the blood supply of the infected extremities after blood vessel prosthesis were transplanted,and decrease the rate of amputation.

Key words:
Blood vessels; Injury;  Blood vessel prosthesis;  Microsurgical operation


The binder for the fiber-reinforced ceramic composites should have high ceramic yield and density after sintering and should penetrate into the fibers easily. For this purpose, vinyl polycarbosilane precursor was synthesized for the carbon-fiber/SiC composite as a binder. To investigate the effects of VPS, the traditional β-PCS was also used to compare material properties. And also, to find the optimum properties of binder, VPS was blended with β-PCS. Because the synthesized VPS is soluble in solvent well, it has advantages in slurry infiltration process and can penetrate into fibers easily as well as it has high ceramic density because of its cross-linkable side-chain. As a result, the composites made using VPS have higher flexural strength, flexural modulus, ultimate flexural strain and density compared to those made using β-PCS. VPS, however, has a lower ceramic yield than the β-PCS. Therefore, better material properties were earned when we used VPS mixed with proper quantities of β-PCS.


The testis is known to be highly sensitive to functional impairment by cadmium, a widely distributed trace metal. Both vascular compromise and inhibition of Leydig cell androgen production may result in impaired sperm maturation and motility. Recent studies by our laboratory have confirmed the presence of an acid mileau in the testis and epididymis which may play an important role in sperm maturation. In this study the effect of cadmium on luminal acidification was assessed in rat seminiferous tubules, caput and cauda epididymis by glass membrane double-barrelled pH microelectrodes in vivo. Four Sprague-Dawley rats received CdCl/sub 2/ (0.015 mM/kg s.c.) 24 hrs. prior to micropuncture and 4 rats served as controls. Arterial blood gas values were within the normal range and were not different in the two groups. Cadmium resulted in marked alkalinization of seminiferous tubule fluid compared to controls (7.30 +/- 0.01 (15) vs 6.97 +/- 0.01 (25)) (p < 0.001). Similarly, the pH in proximal caput after CdCl/sub 2/ was 7.07 +/- 0.02 (19) a value significantly more alkaline (p < 0.001) than 6.58 +/- 0.02 (24) in untreated animals. In contrast, however, pH in the distal caput was 6.90 +/- 0.03 (19), a value indistinguishable from thatmore » observed in controls. In summary, CdCl/sub 2/ administration is associated with marked impairment of acidification in the testis and proximal epididymus while acidification in the distal epididymus remains intact.« less


In this paper, we introduce a Gauss Legendre quadrature method for numerical integration over a parabolic region; R = {(x, y) / 0 ≤ x ≤ 1, 0 ≤ y ≤ x 2 }, using transformation of variables a general formulae for numerical integration over the region R are derived which can be directly used for integrating arbitrary function over such region the performances of the method is illustrated with several numerical examples.


lthough autonomic dysfunction associated with 'functional" gastrointestinal disease is increasingly described in the adult literature,1-3 this is the first report of a pediatric case with detailed description of autonomic function testing reproducing an episode. Postprandial orthostatic hypotension is a syndrome well recognized in the elderly, both healthy45 and hypertensive,6 those with syncope,7 with Parkinsonism,8 and in patients of all ages with autonomic insufficiency.4,9" 0 However, this phenomenon has neither been described in the pediatric population nor in association with abdominal pain as the chief complaint in any population. Patient Report


We investigate the influence of a perpendicular magnetic field on hot-carrier energy relaxation in bilayer graphene. Working in the regime of incipient Landau quantization, we find that the magnetic field influences the relaxation in a very different manner, dependent upon the position of the Fermi level relative to the Dirac point. While for carrier densities >1012 cm−2 relaxation is slowed by the magnetic field, as the density of free carriers approaches zero it instead becomes quicker. We discuss this behavior in terms of the emergence of the zero-energy Landau level, and the role of charge puddling in graphene.


In my article on "The Persian Manuscripts of the late Sir Albert Houtum-Schindler, K.C.I.E.", published in the JRAS. of October, 1917, pp. 657–94, brief mention was made (on p. 672) of a book entitled Silsilatu'n-Nasdb-i-Ṣafawiyya, on the genealogy and history of the Ṣafawís. I can find no notice of another copy, and as the work is of considerable interest and importance, I think that a somewhat fuller account of its scope and contents may be acceptable to students of Persian history.


This paper examines the trends in trade disputes between 1987 and 2001, and argues that the machinery of trade dispute reporting and resolution works in an environment where law and order is maintained. It suggests that where democratic institutions are weakened, industrial relations institutions are also weakened.


Paper summarizes research data obtained at the laboratory about environment factor effect on respiratory system. Suggested approach allowed us to reveal peculiarities of respiratory heat exchange in healthy patients and in patients with chronic bronchitis. Cold hyperreactivity phenomenon of respiratory tract is described. Seasonal fluctuations in respiratory system function depending on environment factors have been shown. Respiratory hyperfunction concept has been suggested. Ecology-oriented criteria of respiratory function evaluation and treatment methods have been developed.


A linearized vortex instability theory for convection induced by a semi-infinite horizontal heated surface embedded in a fluid-saturated
 porous medium is developed. Due to the inadequacies of existing parallel-flow theories the problem has been re-examined using
 asymptotic techniques that use the distance downstream of the leading edge of the surface as the large parameter. The parallel-flow
 theories predict that at each downstream location there are two possible vortex wavenumbers which lead to neutrally stable
 modes. It is demonstrated how one of these disturbances is only weakly dependent on non-parallel terms, whereas the second
 mode is crucially dependent upon the non-parallelism within the flow. Consequently, this second mode cannot be described by
 any quasi-parallel approach and its properties may only be deduced by numerical computations of the full governing equations.
 We illustrate how our theory, which has similarities with that employed in the analysis of high wavenumber Gortler vortices
 in boundary layers above concave walls, may be used to isolate the most unstable vortex mode.


The fast growth of microfluidic applications based on complex fluids is a result of the unique fluid dynamics of these systems, enabling the creation of devices for health care or biological and chemical analysis. Microchannels designed to focus, concentrate, or separate particles suspended in viscoelastic liquids are becoming common. The key fluid dynamical issue on which such devices work is viscoelasticity-induced lateral migration. This phenomenon was discovered in the 1960s in macroscopic channels and has received great attention within the microfluidic community in the past decade. This review presents the current understanding, both from experiments and theoretical analysis, of viscoelasticity-driven cross-flow migration. Examples of promising microfluidic applications show the unprecedented capabilities offered by such technology based on geometrically simple microchannels and rheologically complex liquids.


NASAs In-Space Propulsion Technology (ISPT) program has been developing technologies for lowering the cost of planetary science missions. The technology areas include electric propulsion technologies, spacecraft bus technologies, entry vehicle technologies, and design tools for systems analysis and mission trajectories. The electric propulsion technologies include critical components of both gridded and non-gridded ion propulsion systems. The spacecraft bus technologies under development include an ultra-lightweight tank (ULTT) and advanced xenon feed system (AXFS). The entry vehicle technologies include the development of a multi-mission entry vehicle, mission design tools and aerocapture. The design tools under development include system analysis tools and mission trajectory design tools.


ABSTRACT This paper aims to give an overview of teachers' library use in northwestern Greece. A questionnaire was distributed and filled in by 221 teachers (117 of upper elementary education and 104 of secondary) and was reinforced by interviews with 35 teachers. Teachers of elementary and secondary education supported that a school library with a plethora of appealing books and other resources can contribute greatly to the promotion of a culture of reading in contemporary school. A significant difference was observed between high-school teachers and upper elementary teachers with respect to the function of their school library. Further, elementary school libraries in one prefecture of Greece (Kastoria), compared to another (Ioannina), were found to be more functional, indicating that teachers' interest for enriching their school library, as well as their enthusiasm, effort, and commitment in the school library can help children make more use of it.


Chapter 5 was an interesting approach for establishing instructional objectives and was perhaps considered more appropriate for the intended audience. The practical approach deployed throughout the publication and in particular, Chapter 6 provides a range of ideas for teaching strategies, course interaction and implementation, which are expansive enough to apply to a personal context. There is also adequate signposting to where further examples of current or good practice can be found. Chapter 7 brings the curriculum design process and publication to a close with 'Assessment, Grading and Rubrics'. Assessment, for those taking a Constructive Alignment approach, would not come at the end of the curriculum design process, and it is perhaps therefore not advisable to have placed it at the end of the publication. Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs) and Assessment need to be considered in parallel and to have taken the reader through the teaching activity chapters without significant mention of assessment, or its relationship to ILOs could lead to having to repeat elements of the course design. Overall the assessment chapter could have been far more substantive given that this is a high-stake activity for the learners. There were again surprising omissions, such as Rowntree (1987) and other key figures. However, the focus of the publication is learner-centred approaches to online education. Additionally, there is coverage of peer assessment and online assessment techniques. With the underpinning assessment and feedback theory being lighter in this chapter than the previous six and having read so many well-balanced chapters, Chapter 7 can leave one feeling a little bit short changed. All of the chapters have a rich selection of references that can be used to increase the reader's breath and depth of knowledge, and compliments the introductory guidance this publication seeks to provide. The writing style throughout the publication makes it easy to dip in and out of and would make a good source for future reference.


Objective To probe into the relationship between nutritional status and living habits of children in an attempt to provide a scientific basis for taking health measures for school-age children and promoting their healthy growth.Method 1 854students of Grade 1to Grade 6from 5primary schools in urban and rural area of Yuzhou were investigated by means of the method of stratified cluster random sampling;a survey was conducted using the self-prepared living behavior questionnaire;height and weight of the students were measured; the nutritional status was evaluated using weight-for-height standard recommended by WHO and a multiple correspondence analysis was conducted.Results Rate of malnutrition,normal nutrition,overweight and obesity was 5.26%,83.44%,8.31% and 2.99% respectively.Malnutrition was correlated with insufficient amount of staple food(P0.01);normal nutrition was correlated with normal amount of staple food or insufficient amount of staple food and appropriate amount of snack without monophagia(meat,egg,milk and sweets),hours of sleep 8~10h/d and time of exercise 1~2h/d(P0.01);overweight was correlated with monophagia,time of exercise1h/d and hours of sleep 10h/d(P0.01)while obesity was correlated with excessive amount of staple food and snack(P0.01).Conclusion Nutritional status is closely related to living behaviors.Adjusting dietary structure,proper exercise and regular sleep are feasible ways to improve nutritional status of children and promote their healthy growth.


In the article the features of the process of social development of the Russian youth at the beginning of the XXIth century are considered. The author pays attention to the cause-and-effect relations between the formation of the structures of global information society and transformation of social development process of the Russian youth.


[T]hat which makes the earth move [in its orbit about the sun] is a thing similar to whatever moves Mars and Jupiter.… If [one] will advise me as to the motive power of one of these movable bodies, I promise I shall be able to tell him what makes the earth move. Moreover, I shall do the same if he can teach me what it is that moves earthly things downward. Galileo Galilei, Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems Every body continues in its state of rest, or of uniform motion in a right line, unless it is compelled to change that state by forces impressed upon it. The change of motion is proportional to the motive force impressed; and is made in the direction of the right line in which that force is impressed. Hitherto we have explained the phenomena of the heavens and of our sea by the power of gravity, but have not yet assigned the cause of this power. This is certain, that it must proceed from a cause that penetrates to the very centres of the sun and planets, without suffering the least diminution of its force; that operates not according to the quantity of the surfaces of the particles upon which it acts (as mechanical causes used to do), but according to the quantity of the solid matter which they contain, and propagates its virtue on all sides to immense distances, decreasing always as the inverse square of the distances.


With the developing of higher integration of information, the increasing concentrative information management has led to the intergration of third-party system in card-compus. The technique of Web Service to intergrate third-party system in carded-compus is adopted.


To meet the regulations established to limit human exposure to time-varying electromagnetic fields (EMFs) such as the International Committee on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) guidelines, thin metallic sheets are often used to shield magnetic field leakage in high power applications of wireless power transfer (WPT) systems based on magnetic field coupling. However, the metals in the vicinity of the WPT coils cause the decrease of self and mutual inductances and increase of effective series resistance; as such, the electric performance including transmission power and the efficiency of the system is affected. With the research objective of further investigating excellent shielding effectiveness associated with system performance, the utilization of the optimal magnetic field shielding method by metallic sheets in magnetic field coupling WPT is carried out in this paper. The circuit and 3D Finite Element Analysis (FEA) models are combined to predict the magnetic field distribution and electrical performance. Simulation and experiment results show that the method is very effective by obtaining the largest possible coupling coefficient of the WPT coils within the allowable range and then reducing the value nearest to and no smaller than the critical coupling coefficient via geometric unbroken metallic sheets. The optimal magnetic field shielding method which considers the system efficiency, transmission power, transmission distance, and system size is also achieved using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The results can benefit WPT by helping to achieve efficient energy transfer and safe use in metal shielded equipment.


Purpose :To evaluate demographic characteristics, clinical features, systemic disease associations, visual outcomes, and treatment modalities of patients with episcleritis and scleritis in an internal medicine departement Methods :Data from 17 patients with episcleritis and from 23 patients with scleritis followed from 2010 to 2019 were retrospectively evaluated. The main outcome measures were demographics, ocular disease characteristics, presence of systemic associated disease, and treatment regimen. Results :Episcleritis and scleritis were found bilaterally in 62.5 % patients.The episcleritis was diffuse in 11 and focal in 06 patients, while the scleritis was diffuse in 5, nodular in 10, necrotizing in 1, and posterior in 7 patients. An associated systemic disease was found in 27.5%. Conclusion :The importance of differentiating scleritis from episcleritis is remarkable given the significant difference in the degree of ocular complications and associated systemic diseases between these ocular conditions.


A new model of the broad-side coupled lines on vertical substrate (BCL VS) is developed. It is characterized by high computationally efficiency and sufficient accuracy in practice. This model is added with the optimization procedure, and allows carrying out synthesis and designing of couplers with the design parameters.


The substorm associated behavior of the low en- ergy particles (30 eV-28.5 keV) near the earthward edge of the plasma sheet is examined using data from CRRES during the late growth and early expansion phases of a substorm on 12 March 1991 and their significance for the substorm on- set mechanism is discussed. In this substorm, the CRRES was located on L 6.3 and 20 westward of the substorm onset and observed the sequence of the alternating bursts of the low energy ions and electrons. The bursts of the 0.633- 9.6 keV ions occurred 1-2 min before the (7.31-21.7 keV) electron bursts. The first ion burst happened 2 min before the substorm onset, at the moment of weak brightening of the most equatorial pre-breakup arc near the latitude 62 . The alternation of the ion and electron bursts may be a signature of a drift-Alfv ´ en ballooning instability on the inner edge of the plasma sheet near substorm onset.


This paper first discusses vessel behaviour and efficiency theoretically and then applies this knowledge to evaluate the economic performance of an open-access fishery. The case of the Nha Trang, Vietnam, gillnet fishery is surveyed with respect to the earnings, costs and technical characteristics and efficiency of 58 offshore vessels in 2008. On average, these vessels proved to be heterogeneous with a gross profit margin of 17.3% and a profit margin of 3.8% despite the open-access characteristics of this fishery. However, adding the calculated interest of 9% per annum on the owner's capital to the costs significantly worsens ishing rent ishing subsidies tandardised effort ietnamese gillnet fishery the economic results. Engine capacity (HP), gear size and days of fishing best reflect the fishing effort of vessels in the production function, and these were used to compute standardised effort and cost efficiency. An application of the Salter diagram shows that a large number of vessels with high relative standardised effort are the most cost-efficient, but not without exception. The majority of these vessels earned intra-marginal rent, while the smallest vessels are most dependent on the government's 2008 quasi-lump-sum fuel subsidy scheme.


In this paper, the authors analyze and research the testing results of the human head motion, and construct the stochastic mathematics model for the human head motion with the result that the human head motion can be taken as a Guass-Markov stochastic process. Based on the kalman filter, a effective algorithm for head-motion prediction is proposed. Theory analysis and simulation show that this algorithm can advance the prediction precision and visual lag in virtual reality can be effectively reduced.


Streak tube imaging lidar(STIL) is a new type flash laser radar,which has the characteristics of wide view field,high space and range resolution,and high detection sensitivity and can directly export the 4-D image(3-D range image + 1-D intensity image) of target.It is one of the major technologies for under-water laser 3-D imaging.A single-slit integrated STIL was self-developed,which could collect the image of far distance target.With the turbid water in the Huanghai Sea,experiments of under-water target detections were finished by the equipment.The target streak images of different depths and different surface materials were obtained,and the maximum detecting depth was 5 m.Then the imaging experiment of ocean surface wave was finished.Though the 4-D image of ocean surface wave,it could be easy to recognize the changes of ocean surface coarseness degree and wave height.The results show that STIL have well prospect of application in under-water detection,evading obstacle and wave spectrum analysis.


ABSTRACT In his contribution to a recent symposium on school choice David Hargreaves makes two philosophical mistakes concerning the design of educational policy. The first is that libertarianism ‐‐ the presumption that choice and diversity are desirable in social institutions ‐‐ implies the presumption that choice is desirable in the design of educational institutions. I argue that libertarianism actually implies a mild presumption against choice in education. The second is that the common good is a significant factor to be weighed when thinking about how to design educational institutions. I argue that because educational institutions must mediate quite strict obligations that all adults have to each individual child as a matter of justice, the common good must be at most a secondary consideration, of significance only when deciding between sets of institutions which do equally well at delivering our obligations.


We develop a quantum dynamical field theory for studying phase transitions in driven open systems coupled to Markovian noise, where non-linear noise effects and fluctuations beyond semiclassical approximations influence the critical behaviour. We systematically compare the diagrammatics, the properties of the renormalization group flow and the structure of the fixed points, of the novel quantum dynamical field theory and of its semi-classical counterpart, which is employed to characterise dynamical criticality in three dimensional driven-dissipative condensates. As an application, we perform the Keldysh Functional Renormalization of a one dimensional driven open Bose gas, where a tailored diffusion Markov noise realises an analog of quantum criticality for driven-dissipative condensation. We find that the associated non-equilibrium quantum phase transition does not map into the critical behaviour of its three dimensional classical driven counterpart.


This paper aims at analyzing user behavior from PC operation logs by the functionality clustering of networks. The functionality clustering method was proposed by Fushimiet al. This method employs PageRank algorithm and classifies nodes according to their functions and roles in the network. In this paper, to extract similar tasks as user behaviors from PC operation logs, we improve the conven- tional functionality clustering method by transforming PageRank convergence pat- terns into symbolic representations of time series data, and applying edit distance to these representations. We show that the improved method allows us to classify user behaviors according to their context at work.


Suspensions of wheat striate mosaic virus prepared with the sediments from high-speed centrifugation (105,000 g) of liquid extracts from viruliferous leafhoppers (Endria inimica Say), infected 63%, 46%, 33%, 5.5%, 3.5%, and 1.6% of the leafhoppers into which they were injected after dilution to 10−0.7, 10−1, 10−2, 10−3, 10−4, and 10−5 respectively. Suspensions of the virus were still infective after they were heated for 10 minutes at 45 °C, but not at 55 °C. Suspensions stored at 4 °C were highly infective after 3 days, but were toxic to the injected insects by the fourth day. Most infectivity was lost after 3 days at −10 °C. Wheat plants did not become infected when mechanically inoculated with suspensions which were infectious to leafhoppers. A specific particle was not correlated with infectivity when suspensions from viruliferous and healthy insects were compared in the electron microscope.


The role of platelets in inflammation at sites of infection : toll like receptor 2/1 mediated platelet adhesion on bacterial peptide-mimetic surfaces


Objective: To investigate the operation technique and clinical effect on endorectal pull-through(Soave) procedure for Hirschsprung's disease.Method: Test group: 23 cases with short-type or common type Hirschsprung's disease underwent reformed endorectal pull-through(Soave) procedure;control group: 16 cases underwent De La Torre procedure.Result: None of the children was dead during or after operation.There were 6 cases with enterocolitis,1 case with fecal incontinence,1 case with soiling,3 cases with anastomotic stenosis in control group.Only 1 case in test group had soiling,and cured with anal dilatation.Conclusion: Reformed endorectal pull-through(Soave) procedure is a safe,effective operation with fewer traumas and less complication,deserved to clinical application.


The current healthcare systems have numerous gaps that need to be filled to reach the best practice. This paper presents a novel approach to design and validate a hybrid knowledge-based system (KBS) to evaluate QM of healthcare environment (QMHE) using a hybrid system that has not been used before. It will be combined with gauge absence perquisite (GAP) method to sustain a successful operation of the large number of key performance indicators (KPIs) that involved in QMHE and to detect the gap between each KPI and the anticipated point. Out of 354 KB rules answered, the system has categorised 225 as GPs and the remaining 128 as BPs. The 128 bad points are categorised into different problem categories (20 PC-1, 34 PC-2, 34 PC-3, 40 PC-4, and 0 PC-5) where they represent the actions that need to be enhanced to reach the desired level of quality management.


The invention discloses a traditional Chinese medicine for treating post-traumatic brain syndrome. The traditional Chinese medicine is prepared from 8-18 parts of rehmannia glutinosa, 3-6 parts of deer-horn glue, 8-18 parts of angelica sinensis, 5-15 parts of dried body of ground beetle, 6-10 parts of arisaema cum bile, 6-15 parts of peach kernel, 6-15 parts of flowers carthami, 5-10 parts of ligusticum wallichii, 6-12 parts of root of common peony, 6-12 parts of radix bupleuri, 5-10 parts of platycodon grandiflorum, 6-15 parts of radix achyranthis bidentatae, 5-10 parts of fructus aurantii, and 6-12 parts of thyme. The traditional Chinese medicine has the characteristics of scientific collocation according to the traditional medicine theory in traditional Chinese medical science, supplements with each other, strengthens the brain, and promotes blood circulation to remove blood stasis.


We consider three well-studied polyhedral relaxations for the maximum cut problem: the metric polytope of the complete graph, the metric polytope of a general graph, and the relaxation of the bipartite subgraph polytope. The metric polytope of the complete graph can be described with a polynomial number of inequalities, while the latter two may require exponentially many constraints. We give an alternate proof of a theorem of Barahona that states that the metric polytope of a general graph is a projection of the metric polytope of the complete graph. We then give an alternate proof of a theorem of Poljak that states that for any non-negative cost function, the optimal objective value over the relaxation of the bipartite subgraph polytope equals the optimal objective value over the metric polytope. Both proofs are based on the same technique: the separation oracle for the metric polytope of a general graph due to Barahona and Mahjoub. These proofs yield a simple, combinatorial method for proving that three wellstudied polyhedral upper bounds on the value of the maximum cut are the same for graphs with non-negative edge weights.


You need a break. It's not lazy to take a little time out of the day to regroup, refresh and regenerate. And with that in mind, we've compiled a list of 10 things to do on your lunch break. Hint: It's not studying!


A new bill in the US Congress would require all federally funded research to be placed online for free access within six months of publication, instead of the present 12 months.

The Federal Research Public Access Act comes on the heels of a heated battle over the Research Works Act, a bill introduced to Congress in December 2011 that would have prevented federal agencies from requiring researchers to freely disseminate their work without the publisher's prior permission ( BMJ 2012;344:e452, doi:10.1136/bmj.e452).

The Research Works Act was initially supported by the global publishing giant Elsevier until late February, when it withdrew its support after widespread criticism of the act …


Leaders assume to have recourse to narratives of crisis in order to legitimize their command authority to act as desired. Yet leaders are never the singular storytellers in organizations, and resistance to the stories they tell is possible. A recent case of collective bargaining is presented as a case of competing storytelling about an organization (a university). Drawing from excerpts from publicly available texts, the differences in narrative social construction are illustrated. The case highlights the central role for communications in leadership as leaders attempt to manage the sensemaking of organizational members through discursive activity. As a result, we are forced to rethink leadership as a set of dialectical relationships where meaning is co-constructed.


Objective: To analyze the effects of psychological support combined with humanistic care on the negative emotions and satisfaction with nursing among gastric cancer surgery patients. Methods: This retrospective study involved 120 patients who underwent gastric cancer surgery in our hospital from January 2017 to December 2018. These patients were randomly allocated to a control group and an experimental group (60 patients in each group). For the control group, the patients received routine nursing. Meanwhile, the patients in the experimental group received psychological support combined with humanistic care. The patients' negative emotions and satisfaction with nursing were compared between the two groups. Results: The self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and self-rating depression scale (SDS) scores and the incidence of complications in the experimental group were significantly reduced compared with the control group. The total quality of life score and the satisfaction with nursing in the experimental group were higher than they were in the control group. Compared with before the surgery, the physiological indexes in the two groups after the surgery were significantly improved. Additionally, the changes in the experimental group were more significant than those in the control group. Conclusion: Psychological support combined with humanistic care can provide gastric cancer surgery patients with alleviated negative emotions, a better recovery, reduced complications, and increased satisfaction with nursing.


Maximum-ratio combining (MRC) is a simple and effective combining scheme for adaptive antenna arrays to combat fading.However,it requires estimation of the spatial signature (i.e.,the channel gain and phase at each antenna element) of the desired signal across the array.Assuming the channel estimation is obtained by N symbols′ correlation using common pilot channel (CPICH),we proceed to develop a fully analytical assessment of the impacts of Gaussian error and Doppler spread on the MRC performance.The originality of the approach revolves around the derivation of the closed-form expression for average bit error probability for coherent BPSK.The expression is then applied to find the optimal correlation length of channel estimation.As a result,the computing method of optimal correlation length has been given.It is also proved that the optimal correlation length N was only correlative with maximal Doppler spread f_d and symbol duration.


Logically speaking,spoliation of evidence is based on relating personnel's corresponding obligation,which puts forward the obligation from the beginning of litigation while the obligation of preserving the evidence begins from the "reasonably expected" of litigation.In order to realize the three functional purposes such as remediation,punishment and deterrence,and to take its issues into consideration,it can be concluded that the content or proved fact of the writ presumed to be true,penalty or compulsory delivery and starting an independent sue may be employed to realize the utmost justice for the litigants,and multiple remedies are thus offered.


No: 940 Social Sciences and Humanities 716 DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS OF FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY AMONG CHILDREN IN URBAN


The aim of this article is to present the great lines of managerial thoughts concerning ownership, business, social responsibility and leadership. The perspective of consideration is historical, and especially conceptual. We noticed that in the twentieth century a modern business ideology began to take form. Old suppositions according to the classical economic theory about the nature of economic activities started to give way when the modern professional manager type came into the management of the firm. At that time also there developed the idea of the firm as an institution with many targets. The position of the firm in society changed, people started to make demands for a wider social responsibility. It was desired that this responsibility would be allocated to the firm and the top management on the basis that they had the obligation to do so. In this way management as a public steward is obliged to maintain and develop social targets. Further, it was essential that firms themselves began to understand the necessity of taking responsibility. Instead of maximizing profit in the short run, this was replaced by the relevant functioning which emphasized the firm's long‐term benefit.