The concept of "Sustainable Product Design" has taken on a greater role in the last decade. Defined as a cross-disciplinary concept that includes Product Design and Sustainability, both of these are oriented towards change and the future. Product Design is concerned with creating new products and services that generate value and innovation. Sustainability is concerned with the well – being of the future, embracing how best to meet consumer needs – social, economic and environmental – at a systematic level [2]. Sustainable Product abStraCt: Sustainable Product Design is currently accepted as one of the most promising trends in the "Sustainable Development" movement. It is often seen as a facilitation tool to implement Sustainability in practice, by improving the life cycle and eco-efficiency of products, by promoting dematerialization and by proposing completely new innovative sustainable solutions, services and products which encourage and communicate new "Sustainable Life Styles and Scenarios" and that can both stimulate the economic competitiveness of local industries and promote a more sustainable consumption [1]. In this context cork, a natural, recyclable, non-toxic, renewable resource, with outstanding environmental qualities, incorporating a high potential of innovative technological characteristics, can play a relevant role. Cork is a versatile raw material which adopts different technological transformation processes which can be used in different applications. Among the most noteworthy groups of cork materials available on the market are natural cork, granulates, composite agglomerates and expanded agglomerates. In addition, extensive ranges of new composite agglomerates have been patented and are at the implementation stage. This article presents an overview of: 1) the environmental, social and economic aspects of cork; 2) the cork materials, processes and technologies including a portfolio of cork materials available for sustainable product design; 3) a reflection about the current cork applications along with a discussion centred on the gap between the research and development of cork materials and its application in new products. The article concludes by stating that cork offers industrial designers a number of product-technology options that can generate potentially new sustainable product design solutions not yet tested on the market.


The aim of this study was to know the relation between the dedicated time to social networks on Internet and the sleeping habits and depression symptoms. 120 adolescents ranging 15.32 years old participated in this study. 48% were women, and to whom some tests of social network on Internet use were applied: the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Epworht Sleepiness Scale. The results show that the time spent in social networks on Internet is correlated with time of sleep, but not with depression symptoms.


The advent of powerful microprocessors has enabled the development of multifunction protection and control units equipped with inputs and outputs, programming facilities and serial communications. The protection and control unit consists of a standard hardware platform which is configured with the appropriate software modules according to the application. The main advantages when compared with the conventional approach are: reduced size and complexity of the switchgear instrument cabinets; minimal wiring; single CT for protection and instrumentation; and ease of adaptation. Multifunction protection and control units allow MV switchgear manufacturers to standardize the circuit breaker panel designs, leading to reduced cost, improved quality and shorter delivery times. This paper describes the approach taken by one manufacturer in the design of such configurable multifunction device. Particular attention is given to the practical application of ladder logic programming facilities in the implementation of complex protection schemes, such as feeder unit protection using directional blocking principle.


In thls paper, a method of radiation calibration for visible and near infrared wavebands of Scanning Radiometer is introduced. The calibration principle, test and results are described, and errors analysed. The results of the radiation calibration test indicate that using the sun as a standard light source, under the condition of stable atmosphere, absolute radiation calibration for visible and near infrared wavebands of VHRSR can be performed with a relatively good retrieval accnraey of target spectral feature for radiometers.


Business Office: left to right Mrs. Betty Gjurash, Chief Accountant; A. D. Buchanan, Vice-President, Business and Finance; Mr. Howard L. Vedell, Business Manager; and Mr. Bradley Munn, Personnel Director.


Grigorova-Pesheva, B. (2020). Influence of seasonal dynamics on the microflora of two types of forest soils Brown forest soils and Mountain-meadow soils. Bulgarian Journal of Soil Science Agrochemisty and Ecology, 54(2), 12-23. Microbial communities in forest soils play an important role in the functioning of the entire ecosys-


Model polyamide aromatic polyamide triblock copolymers with different chain length of polycaprolactam and poly( p phenylene terephthalamide) were synthesized by one step high temperature polycondensation reaction The chemical structure and the properties of the copolymers were characterized by WAXD, FTIR and NMR


Lock structure for keyed knob includes an insert body, the cylinder assembly, and a retainer. After the retainer is mounted, the insert is inserted into the knob. Insert is inserted from the rear of the knob, it is mounted. Then, the retainer is engaged with the cylinder assembly, until to secure the cylinder assembly to insert, the cylinder assembly is inserted in the front of the insert. Cylinder assembly, using the inserted tool from the rear of the knob, by pressing the stepped portion of the retainer is easily removed.


In developing legged robots the most important problems are the design of leg mechanism and the determination of how to drive it. We have already suggested the 'gravitationally decoupled actuation (GDA)' and 'coupled drive' for ground walking robot and wall climbing robot respectively. In this paper, we discuss about these problems for a legged robot in '3-dimensional terrain ', a generalized terrain including not only rough ground but also rough walls and rough ceilings, based on 'GDA' and 'coupled drive'.


Using kukersite oil shale ash for the stabilization of organic-rich soils has been extensively studied but without much success. The main reason for this is the retarding effect of humic acids present in organic-rich soils on the formation of the C–S–H (calcium–silicate–hydrate) phase, which effectively prevents the solidification of cementitious materials in peat soils. Based on the studies performed at the University of Tartu, we have developed a novel method for the in situ mass stabilization of peat soils using waste materials (calcareous fly ash and silica fume). In this manner, the perfect hardening of peat–ash mixtures (to each 1 m3 of soil, 150–400 kg ash, 25–50 L pozzolanic additives, and 2.5–5 kaNaOH were added) can be achieved. A test road embankment was constructed under extremely hard conditions in a peat quarry that is currently in use.


A cirrhotic woman developed pneumococcal pneumonia with sepsis. Antibiotic therapy initially resulted in defervescence. However, nonobstructive colonic dilatation developed along with fever and clinical deterioration. Abdominal paracentesis and blood cultures revealed Escherichia coli bacterial peritonitis and bacteremia. The patient died. Autopsy revealed massive cecal mucosal ulceration, which was interpreted as the cause of the bacterial peritonitis.


This research aims to describe some of the mistakes made by students in solving set theory problems in the set and logic course. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The subjects in this study were students of Tadris Mathematics STAI Muhammadiyah Probolinggo Semester I for the academic year 2021/2022. Data collection techniques used in this study were exams and interviews. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the subject made 9 types of errors, namely errors in determining the value of a quadratic equation, registering members of a set, writing mathematical notation, writing down sets, writing down members of Cartesian product, determining the intersection of two sets, determining the Cartesian product of two sets, determining the difference of the two sets, and determining the value of a quadratic inequality.


As a national drink,tea consumption is keeping on increasing in China. The hygienic quality of tea is related to people' s health. With the improvement of people' s living standard and the enhancement of health consciousness,it is increasingly urgent to improve hygienic quality of tea. At the present,the hygienic quality of tea,particularly pesticide residue,is controlled strictly by both the tea producers and the importers,especially in the European Union and the United States,Japan and the other developed countries. Tea is a main cash crop for the peasant in Jiangshan County of Zhejiang Province. In order to improve the competition capacity in the future tea market,it should paid more attention to the quality and safety of tea. The situation of tea safety quality and related controlling measures in Jiangshan County were discussed in this paper.


Scalp acupuncture with comprehensivemanipulations of lifting, thrusting, moving,and retaining is a unique acupuncture therapyfrequently used by Prof. Wang Dai and Prof.Feng Chunxiang to treat apoplectic hemiplegia.The author treated 100 cases of hemiplegiadue to ischemic apoplexy with the abovemethod from 1992 to 1996, and obtainedsatisfactory therapeutic results as reported inthe following.


This paper describes the development and piloting of a project that uses augmented reality to support the cultural sustainability of Aboriginal Nyungar peoples of Western Australia's South Western corner. Place narratives are a central part of Australian Indigenous culture and knowledge, and the significance of place is critical to Aboriginal people's health and well-being. This pilot project examines the efficacy for the augmented reality app to present Indigenous narratives in a way that engages students in reflexive practice.


Objective:To discuss the synergism and antagonism of inter-decoctions of Gui-Ma Integrated Decoction in aspect of anti-hypersensitivity.Methods:By observing the anti-allergic effects of Guizhi decoction, Mahuang decoction, Guizhi-Mahuang half and half decoction,2-unit Guizhi and 1-unit Mahuang Decoction, to demonstrate the effect-adding, synergism and antagonism exist in the inter-decoctions of the Gui-Ma Integrated Dcoction.Results:In the tests of Kunming mouse pruritus skin response which is induced by low molecular dextrose administrated by caudal vein injection and SD rats PCA, each decoction in the Gui-Ma Integrated Decoction show obvious anti-hypersensitivity. To compare with Guizhi decoction and Mahuang decoction, there is a trend of synergism in the groups of half Guizhi and half Mahuang decocted previously and then integrated, half Guizhi and half Mahaung integrated previously and then decocted, 2-unit Guizhi and 1-unit Mahuang decocted previously and then integrated decoction and 2-unit Guizhi and 1-unit Mahuang integrated previously and then decocted.Conclusion:There are synergisms and antagonisms in the inter-decoctions of Gui-Ma Integrated Decoction.The reason for this is related to the integrating methods and proportion.


Regression analysis of the height of 'Ace' and 'Nellie White' over time was used to develop prediction equations of Easter lily height (Lilium longiflorum Thunb.). Case-cooled (cooled before planting) and controlled-temperature-forced (cooled following planting) bulbs that received 6 or 7 weeks of cooling required different equations to predict height. Case-cooled bulbs precooled 6 weeks required 7.4 and 6.1 weeks of forcing for shoots to reach 50% of their final height for 'Nellie White' and 'Ace', respectively. Controlled-temperature-forced bulbs precooled 6 weeks required 11.1 and 9.0 weeks of forcing for shoots to reach 50% of their final height for 'Nellie White' and 'Ace', respectively. The equations provide a baseline of lily elongation over time.


The Civil law and Civilian ideas, meaning in this context the ius commune or Common law of Europe, which was ultimately derived from Roman law, were influential in shaping the direction of English law at certain points in the history of the Common law.1 Civil law had a more permanent place too. A number of domestic courts were governed by the Civil law as opposed to the Common law or Equity. The novelist Charles Dickens, whilst perhaps best remembered by lawyers for his satire on the Court of Chancery, also gave an account of the Civilian courts in his eponymous novel, David Copperfield. In it he described Doctors' Commons, the location of many of the Civilian courts and those who practised within them, as 'a little out of the way place - a place that has an ancient monopoly in suits about people's wills and people's marriages, and disputes among ships and boats'.2 Dickens worked as a court reporter in Doctors' Commons and wrote from personal experience.3 He made these observations in the 1840s, a mere decade before the 'ancient monopoly', and with it the specialist Civilian lawyers were swept away altogether.


The magnetic properties of the M‐mica intercalation compounds (M=Mn,Fe,Co, and Ni) in which M elements form a two‐dimensional lattice between mica layers have been investigated. The content of the intercalated M element, x, was varied up to about 22 wt. %, which is about 81% with respect to the upper limit of x. The ac susceptibility measurements revealed the magnetic ordering around 10 K for the Fe‐ (x≥8.0 wt. %), Co‐ (x≥7.4 wt. %), and Ni‐mica intercalation compounds, but did not for the Mn‐mica. These magnetic orders are considered to be the two‐dimensional ones, caused from the intralayer superexchange interaction between M2+ (and Fe3+) ions.


The construction sector is large; it engages a variety of professions thus it is a main provider of employment and has a diverse market. The construction sector has a reputation for being conservative, problematic, and inefficient. This should change as we are moving toward industry 4.0 and smart cities that is injecting new tools and business dynamics. This chapter is trying to find methodologies to make an equilibrium between value produced by the contract, the flexibility of contract terms and contracting conditions thus contractors can be controlled in a reasonable matter. We are in here applying concepts and techniques from statics science and structural engineering to calculate PORD or PRCD (the Percentage Profit On Realistic Cashflow Duration) as a new financial modeling parameter that can help financial planners and decision makers to take more realistic decision. This parameter can be used jointly with other financial parameters such as ROI, IRR and NPV.


Abstract The NDVI profile computed from coarse resolution satellite records over temperate agricultural countries, is an average profile which results from the combination of radiative responses of the different species which are found within a pixel. In this paper we are interested in the extraction of the NOVI time profile of some specific crops using a semi-empirical model to test for the temporal variations of the NDVI. First, a simple model (a double logistic function with five parameters) is used to describe the temporal profile of the NOVI over an homogeneous canopy. The two parameters which locate the inflexion points, are particularly interesting to define the growing period. In this paper, we assume that, from a radiative point of view, the Beauce agricultural country (France) can be assimilated to an association of two homogeneous canopies: winter crops group and summer crops group. The double logistic functions which describe the NOVI time profile for these two groups are: NDVIw(t) and NDVIs,(...


Palynological investigation (dinoflagellate cysts and fungal remains) of 155 samples from the two subsurface sections and three outcrop of the Middle-Upper Eocene siliciclastic-carbonate platform facies of the Jarillal, Pauji and Caus formations of the Eastern Zulia yield a total of 60 species of dinoflagellate cysts, 42 species of fungal remains, freshwater protists and acritarchs, and numerous phytoclasts. Five new species of fungal remains are described. By means of characteristic dinoflagellate cysts, four assemblages zones were defined which led to the stratigraphic division of the profiles. Comparative research on the stratigraphic distribution of Middle Eocene dinoflagellates in different geographical areas not only confirmed the stratigraphic distribution but also extended their stratigraphic range. This extension applies mainly to the dinocysts Polysphaeridium subtile and Areoligera senonensis. Therefore, their significance as a stratigraphic marker is limited. The composition of the terrestrial palynoflora (fungal remains) is indicated of a general warm and climatic humid conditions during the Middle-Upper Eocene. A comparision of characteristic taxa demonstrates the significance of the dinocysts as environmental indicators. Fluctuations in the concentration of palynomorphs suggest that the dinocysts/sporomophs ratio (pollen, spores and fungi) is controlled by ecological events. The numbers of sporomorphs, which progressively decreases from on-to offshore, is paralleled with increase of diversity of dinoflagellate spectrum. Monospecific dinoflagellate associations document a shallow water enviroment in the Middle Eocene of sites Quebrada Palma and Quebrada Honda, probably correlated with a drastic decline of the sea level. The possible influence of oceanic current systems is evident in the distribution pattern of the dinoflagellate associations.


Group projects are an important aspect of the unique and evolving discipline of Computer Graphics technology. In the workforce students of computer graphics technology are required to communicate and work effectively with art directors, computer science, business personnel, peers and the public. Simulating the "real life" experience within the group project is an optimal goal for the educator. [Andres 2000] Many issues face the professor when incorporating a group project. The evaluation process can be ambiguous, coordination among students with busy schedules and the distribution of skills within a student group is often mismatched. Below two professors explore some pros and cons implementing group projects in a portfolio building course and an advanced web course.


We investigate the Jahn–Teller (JT) effects in the doubly degenerate Hubbard model by using the exact diagonalization (Lanczos algorithm) technique. This is in connection with the newly discovered "colossal magnetoresistance" perovskite-based La1−xAxMnO3 compounds. We first obtain the parameter region where the ground state of the doubly degenerate Hubbard model is ferromagnetically ordered analytically for a dimer, and numerically for larger clusters. Then the effects of static JT distortion in the magnetic ordering of the model are studied numerically.


During this talk we argued that the peaceful coexistence between special relativity and quantum mechanics can be considered a misnomer. We argue that, given a collapse hypothesis, the Heisenberg picture, and subjective probabilities, one can reason within quantum mechanics in a way that is completely consistent with special relativity. We corroborate this thesis by discussing Bell-like arguments.


The multimode devices, which are also polarization-sensitive, have been widely used in modern optical communication system. In some cases, the modal properties, including the modal propagation constants and the modal fields of every order, must be given for the device design. The scalar finite difference beam propagation method (FD-BPM) is extended to solve this polarization-related problem. The different finite difference schemes corresponding to different polarized directions, which satisfy different boundary continual conditions, are formulized and the alternate directions implicit (ADI) FD-BPM were used to deal with the three dimensional (3D) waveguide. The guided modal properties of a 3D rib waveguide including the propagation constants and modal field distributions up to ten ranks were obtained and illustrated as an example.


We present the first radiative transfer (RT) model of a non-edge-on disc galaxy in which the large-scale geometry of stars and dust is self-consistently derived through the fitting of multiwavelength imaging observations from the ultraviolet to the submm. To this end, we used the axisymmetric RT model of Popescu et al. and a new methodology for deriving geometrical parameters, and applied this to decode the spectral energy distribution (SED) of M33. We successfully account for both the spatial and spectral energy distribution, with residuals typically within $7{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ in the profiles of surface brightness and within $8{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ in the spatially integrated SED. We predict well the energy balance between absorption and re-emission by dust, with no need to invoke modified grain properties, and we find no submm emission that is in excess of our model predictions. We calculate that $80\pm 8{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of the dust heating is powered by the young stellar populations. We identify several morphological components in M33, a nuclear, an inner, a main and an outer disc, showing a monotonic trend in decreasing star formation surface density (ΣSFR) from the nuclear to the outer disc. In relation to surface density of stellar mass, the ΣSFR of these components defines a steeper relation than the 'main sequence' of star-forming galaxies, which we call a 'structurally resolved main sequence'. Either environmental or stellar feedback mechanisms could explain the slope of the newly defined sequence. We find the star formation rate to be ${\rm SFR}=0.28^{+0.02}_{-0.01}{\rm M}_{\odot }{\rm yr}^{-1}$.


The relationship between the conducting polymers——"synthetic metals"were discovered and Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2000 is discussed,the applications of conducting polymers and their future's bright are presented.The great discovery is a bear fruit that American scientists,Alan J.Heeger (1936-) and Alan G.MacDiarmid (1927-) cooperated with Japanese scientist Hideki Shirakawa (1936-) to make an all-out effort.The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences had decided to award the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for 2000 jointly to A.J.Heeger,A.G.MacDiarmid and H.Shirakawa,this shows that the scientists' achievements in the field of conducting polymer are affirmed and approved."Synthetic metals" will be the most activity-studied field in new material science.


294 Copyright c 2014 The Korean Fracture Society. All rights reserved. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Received December 30, 2013 Revised (1st) February 1, 2014, (2nd) May 19, 2014 Accepted August 10, 2014 Address reprint requests to: Tong-Joo Lee, M.D., Ph.D. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inha University Hospital, 27 Inhang-ro, Jung-gu, Incheon 400-711, Korea Tel: 82-32-890-3043ᆞFax: 82-32-890-3047 E-mail: email@example.com


e19224Background: Plant-based diets are beneficial in several cancers such as colorectal and prostate. However, their adoption among oncology patients is not well studied. We report trends in plant...


This paper presents results from an analytical and experimental study of the effect of temperature and mixed-mode ratio on the interlaminar fracture toughness in glass-cloth/ epoxy laminates. Mode I, mode II, and mixed-mode tests were conducted by the double-cantilever beam, end-notched flexure, and mixed-mode bending lest methods at room temperature, liquid nitrogen temperature (77 K), and liquid helium temperature (4 K). A finite element model was used to perform the delamination crack analysis. Mode I, mode II, and mixed-mode energy release rates at the onset of delamination crack propagation were computed using the virtual crack closure technique. The fracture surfaces were examined by scanning electron microscopy to correlate with the interlaminar fracture properties.


The purpose of this study is to present efficient methods and ideas of operation and management on 2018 Pyungchang Winter Olympic Games facilities after Olympic Games, especially limiting Ice Games facilities in Gangnung Costal Zone. In order to achieve the purpose, it examined and reviewed the pres...


In this paper, we present a modified discrete Fourier transform (DFT)-based channel estimator for orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems with null carriers. Due to the channel leakage, the conventional DFT-based estimator has the problem of error floor. In order to suppress the leakage, we adopt the optimal leakage suppression method. Moreover, a novel denoising method based on dual-tree complex wavelet is proposed to further improve the performance. Simulation results show that the proposed channel estimator can effectively overcome the performance degradation caused by the leakage and additive-white gaussian noise (AWGN).


Wind speed is widely known factor affecting human thermal perception and comfort. However, little is available about the dynamic characteristics of natural and artificial wind. Currently, some investigators addressed the dynamic aspect of natural and artificial wind speed for thermal comfort according to power spectrum slope. However, there is little information about the dynamic characteristics of wind direction (wind azimuth) and elevation. The aim of this study is to investigate some of the characteristics of natural versus artificial wind at various sampling time. Measurements of natural and artificial wind were made using ultrasonic anemometer. The study location is Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia. Wind speed, wind direction, wind elevation and air temperature are the recorded parameters. In the present case study, the artificial wind is referred to the indoor wind generated by air conditioning and USB fan simultaneously. Several differences were observed between natural and artificial wind at various sampling time. The power spectral slopes of natural wind speed, wind direction, wind elevation and air temperature were higher than the case of artificial wind.


In 1977 Bochenek & Rodgers reported that polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block copolymers, non-ionic surface active agents (Pluronics)t, could affect intestinal absorption of cholesterol and neutral fat. The most effective surfactant in the series for inhibiting lipid absorption was Pluronic L-81, a highly hydrophobic surfactant with molecular weight of 2750, containing 90% polyoxypropylene and 10% polyoxyethylene components. Chronic treatment with this agent at a concentration of 1% of the diet by weight in swine fed a high cholesterol, high neutral fat diet resulted in a decrease of serum cholesterol (Brunelle et a1 1979). Dose response studies in rodents indicated, however, that Pluronic L-81 given chronically has a low level of tolerance at higher doses resulting in poor food intake and diarrhoea. Therefore, attempts were made to develop a derivative that would be better tolerated while maintaining the basic activity of the original substance.


Along with the propound of reforming and opening-up in our country,international trade must be constantly increase opening-up,as a result the need of talent on trade specialty is enlarge.In order to adapt to this situation,we must have some new thoughts on talent training,make sure the object location and train more and more talents fit to the need of economic society.


Soil cracks are caused by many factors, which are harmful to the mechanical and hydraulic properties of the soil. At present, most previous studies have focused on the crack morphology of soil surface, and there are few studies on the depth of soil cracks. The traditional methods for detecting the depth of soil cracks are mostly destructive, so the non-destructive measurement of crack depth needs to be further studied. The electrical resistivity method has been widely used in the measurement of soil surface cracks, but its applications in depth measurements are still poorly studied. In this paper, a three-dimensional desiccation crack experiment of soil was carried out in the laboratory. The variation of the anisotropy index (AI) with the crack depth propagation was studied by a multi-layer electrode array. A new method to detect the crack depth was proposed by theoretical and experimental analyses. The validity of this new method in the detection of crack depth is demonstrated by using the method of crack-tip opening angle (CTOA).


SANTOS, L.B. 2017. Effects of anthropic alterations on the community of benthic macroinvertebrates in the Cerrado. MSc. Thesis. UFU. Uberlandia-MG. 84p. The Brazilian Cerrado is a region of great water importance for the country. In addition, it has an enormous wealth of lotic ecosystems, natural lagoons and wetlands, such as sidewalks. Although the Cerrado is recognized as a "water box" of Brazil and a priority area for conservation, knowledge of its aquatic biota and the effects of anthropic changes on this limited biota. Benthic macroinvertebrates are relatively large organisms (larger than 0.5mm) that live in aquatic ecosystems attached to plants, rocks or buried in the substrate. These organisms have been widely used as bioindicators of water quality and aquatic ecosystems due to: a) high taxonomic diversity, b) limited displacement capacity (sessile / sedentary), c) long life cycles, d) easy sampling and Taxonomic identification and, e) because they are sensitive to pollutants in the aquatic environment. These combined characteristics make benthic macroinvertebrates excellent models for assessing the effects of anthropogenic changes on ecosystems and associated organisms. This dissertation sought to evaluate the effects of anthropic alterations on a community of benthic macroinvertebrates in the Cerrado Triângulo Mineiro region. An environmental integrity was studied in areas with a strong presence of livestock and forestry. In both cases, a community of benthic macroinvertebrates and water quality was shown to be related to a habitat integrity. The results showed that the more intact environments have a greater benthic macroinvertebrate richness. The use of soil systems, such as livestock and forestry, as riparian vegetation show great importance in maintaining a habitat integrity, in a way to conserve a community of benthic macroinvertebrates and a water quality. Therefore, the results found in the dissertation help improve / implement conservation policies for aquatic organisms and riparian vegetation in the Cerrado.


The fundamental purpose of this study is to identify and evaluate factors influencing Hanoi consumers' intention to purchase vegan fashion products based on the framework of the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). The collected 423 samples consist of randomly chosen participants whose ages are varied including the participation of experts from the related industries. The ultimate result indicates that there are 6 outstanding factors significantly impact on the intention of Hanoi residents towards vegan fashion products: (i) Self-identity, (ii) Ethical obligation, (iii) Perceived behavioral control, (iv) Attitudes, (v) Product acknowledgement, (vi) Environmental concerns. According to these factors, the level of impacts can be respectively listed in descending order as self-identity (β= 0.369), ethical obligation (β=0.236), perceived behavioral control (β= 0.201), and attitudes (β= 0.129). Specifically, environmental concern solely impacts the attitudes (β= 0.215), the product acknowledgement influences the attitudes and the perceived behavioral control (β= 0.467 and β= 0.442), in contrast, shows no impacts on the subjective norm. In addition, the product acknowledgement and the environmental concerns indirectly have influence on the intention via attitudes. I n particular, the research's output shows that subjective norms do not happen to play any role in stimulating the intention of purchasing vegan fashion products. This study carries out vital and practical implications for state agencies as well as public organizations for the purpose of stimulating the intention and vegan fashion consumption.


With the development of advanced technologies, the problem of information security is becoming increasingly relevant. Given the development of spyware and digital technology allow more effective attacks on computer systems, including corporate networks, confidentiality can only be achieved through the creation of comprehensive information security. And one of the main elements of such a security system is the subsystem, which provides the identification of the user of the computer. Traditional identification and authentication methods based on the use of cards, electronic keys or other portable identifiers, as well as passwords and access codes, have significant disadvantages. The main disadvantage of such methods is the ambiguity of the identified person. Existing methods of user identification by keyboard handwriting are accurate from 78 % to 93,59 % and built on multilevel neural networks, which affects the speed of their learning and as a result of the cost of more resources, so it is actual to increase the accuracy of identification and reduce the time to train the neural network and design the appropriate method. An experimental study was made of the possibility of using a two-level neural network with a built-in sigmoid activation function to improve the accuracy of user identification by keyboard handwriting and proposed a method based on this mathematical apparatus. A comparison of the proposed identification method with existing ones was also performed, which showed an increase in the accuracy of user identification by 1–15 %. The method of Saket Maheshwari and Vikram Pudi has similar accuracy indicators, but there are several significant differences between the proposed and the existing method: in their work Saket Maheshwari and Wikam Pudi used a five-level neural network; it took 9 minutes to study their neural network. In the proposed method, the time of training the neural network is 6 minutes, which is faster for 3 minutes and, as a result, is much more effective when used, since the user's identification time is reduced and high identification accuracy is on the same high level.


Citizen Relationship Management (CiRM) is one of the important matters in citizen-centric e-government. In fact, the most important purpose of e-government is to satisfy citizens. The '137 system' is one of the most important ones based on the citizen-centric that is a municipality phone based request/response system. The aim of this research is a data-mining of a '137 system' (citizens' complaint system) of the first district of Bojnourd municipality in Iran, to prioritize the urban needs and to estimate citizens' satisfaction. To reach this, the K-means and Bees Algorithms (BA) were used. Each of these two algorithms was executed using two different methods. In the first method, prioritization and estimation of satisfaction were done separately, whereas in the second method, prioritization and estimation of satisfaction were done simultaneously. To compare the clustering results in the two methods, an index was presented quantitatively. The results showed the superiority of the second method. The index of the second method for the first needs in K-means was 0.299 more than the first method and it was the same in two methods in BA. Also, the results of the BA clustering were better at it because of the S (silhouette) and CH (Calinski-Harabasz) indexes. Considering the final prioritization done by the two algorithms in two methods, the primary needs included asphalt, so specific schemes should be considered.


Work under this grant was carried out by the author and by a graduate research assistant. An instrumented bicycle ergometer was implemented focusing on the stated objective: to estimate the forces exerted by each muscle of the feet, calf, and thigh of an individual while bicycling. The sensors used were light and compact. These were probes to measure muscle EMG activity, miniature accelerometers, miniature load sensors, and small encoders to measure angular positions of the pedal. A methodology was developed and implemented to completely describe the kinematics of the limbs using data from the sensors. This work has been published as a Master's Thesis by the Graduate student supported by the grant. The instrumented ergometer along with the sensors and instrumentation were tested during a KC-135 Zero-Gravity flight in July, 1994. A complete description of the system and the tests performed have been published as a report submitted to NASA Johnson Space Center. The data collected during the KC-135 flight is currently being processed so that a kinematic description of the bicycling experiment will be soon determined. A methodology to estimate the muscle forces has been formulated based on previous work. The methodology involves the use of optimization concepts so that the individual muscle forces that represent variables in dynamic equations of motion may be estimated. Optimization of a criteria (goal) function such as minimization of energy will be used along with constraint equations defined by rigid body equations of motion. Use of optimization principles is necessary, because the equations of motion alone constitute an indeterminate system of equations with respect to the large amount of muscle forces which constitute the variables in these equations. The number of variables is reduced somewhat by using forces measured by the load cells installed on the pedal. These load cells measure pressure and shear forces on the foot. The author and his collaborators at NASA and at the University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, are continuing the work of reducing the experimental data from the KC-135 flight, and the implementation of the optimization methods to estimate muscle forces. As soon as results from these efforts are available, they will be published in reputable journals. Results of this work will impact studies addressing bone density loss and development of countermeasures to minimize bone loss in zero gravity conditions. By analyzing muscle forces on Earth and in Space during exercise, scientists could eventually formulate new exercises and machines to help maintain bone density. On Earth, this work will impact studies concerning arthritis, and will provide the means to study possible exercise countermeasures to minimize arthritis problems.


Collaborative learning methods have been widely applied in online learning environments to increase the effectiveness of the STEM programs. However, simply grouping students and assigning them projects and homework does not guarantee that they will get effective learning outcomes and improve their collaboration skills. This chapter shows that students can improve their learning outcomes and non-technical skills (e.g. collaboration and communication skills) through the cyber-enabled learning environment. The data was collected mainly from software engineering and object-oriented design classes of both graduates and undergraduates. The authors apply a blended version of education techniques by taking advantage of online environment and classroom teaching. Based on the study, the authors show that students can improve their collaboration and communication skills as well as other learning outcomes through the blended version of learning environment.


A prediction method based on the use of performance history of a waterflood proposed in 1978 by Ershaghi and Omoregie is scrutinized here. Using a reservoir simulation approach, performance data for some hypothetical waterfloods are generated to test the application of the proposed technique to various flood patterns, reservoir properties, and field operating conditions. Recently published results on the behavior of relative permeability curves for immiscible processes are used to substantiate the assumptions inherent in the proposed technique. The limitations of the technique are discussed and applications to some actual case studies are presented.


The present study aimed at revealing the relationship of self-assertiveness in psychological security and emotional intelligence among a sample of middle adolescence students in north Jordan. The study sample consisted of (1672) male and female students, to achieve the objectives of the study. The results of the study showed that the members of the study sample obtained a medium degree of self-assertiveness and psychological security, and emotional intelligence. The results showed that there was a statistically significant relationship between self-assertiveness and psychological security, and emotional intelligence.


A new domain decomposition technique for parallelization of physically non-linear problems in solid mechanics is developed. It is extended for any stress-strain diagrams. The approach is based on the approximating generalized models of subdomains that leads to a considerably fewer number of iterations requiring updating of substructure parameters. The analytical proof of the convergence of the theoretical iterative procedure and the demonstration of convergence of its numerical implementation with the help of ANSYS are presented.


We measure 150 fs time-resolved 800 nm pump/ 1300 nm probe differential reflectivity and transmissivity of graphitic samples, ranging from one (graphene) to >100 layers (graphite). Carrier cooling kinetics vary gradually with number of layers.


Abstract The 5-0-benzoyl derivatives 3 and 4 derived from 1,6-anhydro-β-D-mannpfuranose and -α-L-gulofuranose are suitable educts for the preparation of the isomeric olefins 7 and 8 by Corey-Winter elimination via the thionocarbonates 5 and 6, respectively. 8 was prepared in higher yields also from 5-α-Benzoyl-1,6-anhydro-α-L-talofuranose (14) via 15. Payne oxidation of the unsaturated compounds 7 and 8 gave the exo epoxides 9 and 10 with D-allo and L-talo configuration.


Web sites are often a mixture of static sites and programs that integrate relational databases as a back-end. As they evolve to meet ever-changing user needs, new versions of programs, interactions and functionalities may be added and existing ones may be removed or modified. Web sites require configuration and programming attention to assure security, confidentiality, and trust of the published information. During evolution of Web software, from one version to the next one, security properties may change and possible changes may include new flaws or corrections. Changes to security properties, including access control privileges, can be monitored by observing and analyzing changes between security models extracted from different versions of an application. This paper defines Property Satisfaction Profiles (PSP) as the satisfaction values of properties computed on the extracted models. This paper presents also an investigation of the evolution of the changes in the PSP computed on security models of different versions of a Web application. Model extraction and PSP computation can be performed in linear time on one version. Comparison between two versions is also linear and practical performance is fast. This paper reports results about experiments performed on 31 versions of phpBB, that is a publicly available bulletin board written in PHP. Version 1.0.0 (9547 LOC) to version 2.0.22 (40663 LOC) have been considered as a case study. Results show that the proposed approach can be used to observe and monitor the evolution of PSP in successive versions of the same software package. Suggestions for further research are also presented.


AbstractThis study aims to use high-frequency ultrasound wave combined with ultraviolet radiation and titanium dioxide as a photocatalyst for ammonia removal. The performances of several treatment methods including aeration, ultraviolet, ultrasound, ultrasound–aeration, ultrasound–ultraviolet, ultraviolet–titanium dioxide–aeration, and finally ultrasound–ultraviolet–titanium dioxide were compared. The results clearly indicated the superiority of ultrasound–ultraviolet–titanium dioxide (US/UV/TiO2) system over other treatment processes. The effect of various variables including initial ammonia concentration, pH, TiO2 dosage, liquid height, UV intensity, and ultrasound frequency were investigated in the US/UV/TiO2 system. The results show that the removal efficiency of ammonia reduced as the initial ammonia concentration and liquid height increased. However, increase in TiO2 dosage caused an increase in removal efficiency. In addition, the optimum removal efficiency of US/UV/TiO2 system for ammonia was obta...


With the use of magnetic field modulation technique up to eighteen magneto-phonon peaks are observed in the transverse and longitudinal magnetoresistance of high purity epitaxial n-GaAs. Fourier analysis reveals the second harmonic component resulting in a sharpening of the oscillatory structure in the transverse magnetoresistance and extrema associated with the two LO phonon process in the longitudinal magnetoresistance in addition to the ordinary magnetophonon series. Two methods are described to obtain the damping factor \barγ which is found to be 0.63 from the Fourier analysis and 0.60 from the method described in this paper for the specimen with the highest mobility (1.7 ×10 5 cm 2 /V ·s) at 77 K. The temperature dependence of \barγ for the high purity n-GaAs exhibits a variation T 0.25 at low temperatures, which indicates an importance of the band failing effect for the damping process. The effective mass is determined to be m * =0.0682 m 0 at 77 K.


This study examines the influence of macroeconomic factors, namely Inflation, Gross Domestic Production (G.D.P.) and changes in oil price and Bank-Specific Factors such as capital, asset size, liquidity risk, loan and deposit on bank profitability as measured by return on equity (R.O.E.) and net profit ratio (NPR) during the period of oil price decline, 2013-2017. The top 7 commercial banks were chosen as a sample of the study based on the availability of the data and the possible influence it can contribute to representing Oman's banking industry. The quantitative approach utilized appropriate statistical tools to analyze and interpret the secondary data gathered, including descriptive statistics, panel regression, Pearson correlation, and correlation matrix. Key findings of the study revealed no significant relationship between macroeconomic factors and the return on equity. There is also no significant relationship between macroeconomic factors and the net profit ratio. On the other hand, bank-specific factors significantly correlate return on equity and the net profit ratio. The study's findings contribute to the bank's management, economic policymakers, a research body, and academia in distinguishing the best indicator for a bank's profitability influenced by macroeconomic and bankspecific factors. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee SSBFNET, Istanbul, Turkey. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).


It is unavoidable that the fuel spray impinges on the wall of piston cavity in a compact high-pressure D.I. diesel engine. Therefore the characteristics of impinging spray are the very significant information on the consideration and the simulation of its combustion processes including the formation mechanism of exhaust emission and the design of the combustion chamber. In this paper, the numerical simulation was performed to study the characteristics of impinging spray. The spray-wall impingement model used is Watkins and Park's model. Calculation parameters are the inclination angles and the ambient pressures. As the inclination angle increases, the impinging spray develops mainly to the direction of the downstream and scarcely flows to that of the upstream. The shape on the wall of the impinging spray is the circle in the case of the normal impingement, while it is the ellipse in that of the oblique impingement. As the ambient pressure increases, the growth of impinging spray on the wall in the radial direction decreases owing to the increase in the resistance of the ambient.


Abstract Hydroxyl radical (OH) multipass absorption spectroscopy (MOAS) is a laser optical method for the absolute and in situ monitoring of tropospheric OH with high spatial and temporal resolution. This technique is based on direct absorption measurements and it is made local by folding the absorption path inside a multiple reflection cell with an open path setup. The light source is a rapidly tuned and power-stabilized dye laser, which is frequency doubled by an intracavity BBO crystal. SO2, CH20, and naphthalene are measured at 308 nm simultaneously with OH employing the second harmonic of the laser radiation. NO2 can he measured using the fundamental at 616 nm. The limit of detection is typically 4 × 105 OH cm−3 for a 1-km absorption pathlength, a 1-min monitoring time, and a signal to noise ratio of S/N=1. The sensitivity can change by a factor of ∼2 in both directions dependent on the boundary conditions. The performance of the MOAS method was tested by tropospheric OH measurements achieved during ...


Proposed is a robust method to detect foreground regions from colour video sequences using a generalised Gaussian family model and multiple thresholds. Experiments show that the proposed algorithm works better than conventional approaches in various environments.


Atmospheric scattering for ultraviolet signals enables non-line-of-sight communication of a transmitter-receiver pair on-the-move and adaptive network configuration. In this work, we first develop an experimentally validated path loss model which characterizes both multiple scattering and arbitrary pointing with noncoplanar geometry. Then we discuss how to achieve full duplexing. We suggest transmission throughput as a metric to evaluate the performance of a wireless network consisting of randomly distributed nodes operating in such a channel. We further study the effects of some key network parameters including node spatial density, transmission probability and signal detection threshold via the lower bound of the transmission throughput. Performance optimization in the parameter space is performed numerically and simulation results are demonstrated.


As obstetrician‐gynecologists (ob‐gyns) take on a greater role in women's healthcare, it is important that they are aware of the high prevalence of anxiety disorders in their patient population. Anxiety disorders present during pregnancy can have detrimental effects on both mother and child. In this study, we queried 1,193 ob‐gyns on their screening rates, practice patterns, training, and knowledge as they relate to anxiety disorders during pregnancy. We achieved a 44% response rate (n=397) after three mailings. Physicians reported a moderate interest in screening for and diagnosing anxiety, but less interest in treatment. Only 20% of respondents (n=79) screen for anxiety during pregnancy, and they typically refer anxiety‐disordered patients to mental health professionals. Ob‐gyns with comprehensive or adequate training were significantly more likely to screen than those who stated that their training was inadequate. Having a friend who has been diagnosed with an anxiety disorder also significantly increased both the likelihood that these physicians would screen and the reported level of interest in screening of anxiety disorders during pregnancy. At present, the majority of ob‐gyns feel that their training in this area was barely adequate to inadequate. Specifically, generalized anxiety disorder may be the least understood. Increased training in this area would allow ob‐gyns to overcome what they list as the primary barrier to anxiety screening during pregnancy—that is, inadequate training about anxiety disorders. Depression and Anxiety 0:1–10, 2007. Published © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


In this paper,the discussion on acts alienation of humanism capital property rights and the faith crisis is brought into the traditional growth accounting framework.The methods which can measure the impact of alienation of humanism capital property rights and the faith crisis on TFP and output are propesed.Based on this analytical framework,offset value of humanism capital transfer,humanism capital offset value and faith crisis offset value in China' s real estate industry is analyzed and trend analysis is conducted to make the conclusion that national macrocontrol policies of Chinese Government on China' s real estate industry have produced significant and good economic-social benefits.


The aim of the research  to find out whether there is a relationship between conformity and consumptive behavior of Muslim fashion products on online shop hijup consumers during the covid-19 pandemic?, to find out Is there a relationship between celebrity support and consumptive behavior in Muslim fashion products for online shop hijup consumers during the COVID-19 pandemic?, and to find out  is there a relationship between conformity and celebrity support with the consumptive behavior of Muslim fashion products in online shop hijup consumers during the covid-19 pandemic?. . The research focuses on the relationship between conformity and celebrity support with the consumptive behavior of Muslim fashion products that are marketed online. The population of this research is online shop consumers who have purchased muslim fashion products at online shops and the sampling technique uses incidental sampling. The data collection method used a questionnaire with a Likert scale model given to online shop consumers. Data analysis used multiple regression stepwise method using bivariate and multivariate method. The results of the analysis found that there is a relationship between conformity and celebrity support with consumptive behavior in online consumer muslim fashion products with a contribution of 67%. Thus the results of this research can state that the higher the conformity and support of celebrities, the higher the consumptive behavior of online shop consumers and vice versa


Objective
To explore the effect and mechanism of Meloxicam on migration and invasion of SMMC-7721 cells.

Methods
Trypan blue dye exclusion assay was used to determine the cytotoxic effect of varying dosages of Mel on the HL-7702 normal human hepaticcells. The migration and invasion of SMMC-7721 cells were determined by wound scratch assay and Transwell™ assay respectively. The expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), E-cadherin, N-cadherin, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 in SMMC-7721 cells treated by Mel were detected by Western blotting.

Results
0-200 μmol/ml Mel were not significantly toxic to HL-7702 normal human hepaticcells, 400 μmol/ml Mel had significant cytotoxic to HL-7702 normal human hepaticcells (P=0.007). the abilities of invasion and migration of SMMC-7721 cells were inhibited by Mel. The expression of COX-2 and N-cadherin were decreased but E-cadherin increased and MMP-2 had no significant difference after Mel treatment (P=0.128).

Conclusion
Mel is less toxic to normal cells, also can inhibit the abilities of proliferation, migration and invasion of SMMC-7721 cells that might be related to regulate the expression of COX-2, N-cadherin and E-cadherin. Thus, the transformation process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT).

Key words:
Meloxicam; SMMC-7721 cells; Migration; Invasion


INVESTIGATION OF ALIGNMENT BETWEEN GOALS OF SCHOOLING RELEVANT TO GEORGIA AND THE GEORGIA PERFORMANCE STANDARDS by Anissa Lokey Vega Since the American Revolution free public education has been a discussion of political debate. The purpose that such an institution should play in society is a debate fervently argued when the founding fathers wanted to build a republic based on meritocracy. The problem this study addresses is the undefined relationship between the goals of schooling relevant to Georgia and the Georgia Performance Standards (GPS) which is a critical piece to creating a complete systemic view of public schooling in Georgia. The purpose of this study is to investigate the alignment between the GPS and schooling goals. The guiding question and sub-questions are: How well are the GPS, or the intended curriculum of Georgia schools, and each of the various stated goals of schooling aligned? How relevant are the eighth-grade GPS to the latent themes of each of the stated goals of schooling? How balanced are the latent themes of each of the stated goals of schooling in the eighth-grade GPS? Through a historical investigation of the literature and current policy the author establishes the currently relevant goals of schooling which serve as the latent goals for which the method will seek to find evidence within the Georgia Performance Standards. The study employs a quantitative content analysis of a significant section of the Georgia Performance Standards (GPS) looking for themes associated with various stated goals of schooling as indicated by the literature review. The manifest themes, developed from the latent goals of schooling, are incorporated as the dependent variables in the study, while the GPS serve as the independent variable. Neuendorf"s (2001) framework for content analysis is used to develop a new method for investigating the goal-curriculum alignment relationship through new measures of Curricular Balance, Curricular Relevance, and Manifest Theme Presence. This study presents a new visual model to compare a curriculum"s alignment to multiple goals of schooling called the Goal-Curriculum Alignment Measures (G-CAM) model. This study finds that the GPS are strongly aligned to the goals of Americanization, high student test scores, post-secondary enrollment, and national gain, while poorly aligned to democratic participation and social justice. Evidence for these conclusions are discussed and related to the current socio-political literature. INVESTIGATION OF ALIGNMENT BETWEEN GOALS OF SCHOOLING RELEVANT TO GEORGIA AND THE GEORGIA PERFORMANCE STANDARDS by Anissa Lokey Vega A Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Instructional Design and Technology in the Department of Middle-Secondary Education and Instructional Technology in the College of Education Georgia State University Atlanta, Georgia 2010 Copyright by Anissa Lokey Vega 2010 ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Completion of this dissertation required the dedicated support of several Georgia State faculty members, including my dissertation chair, Dr. Laurie Brantley-Dias. She patiently read innumerous drafts of varying quality, while maintaining an encouraging demeanor to help me see this project to the end. An eclectic collection of committee members have contributed according to their interest and expertise including Dr. Mary Shoffner, Dr. Amy Flint, and Dr. Philo Hutcheson. Faculty members who did not sit on the dissertation committee also contributed to the completion of this project, including Dr. Phillip Gagne and Dr. Ronda Tighe. Dr. Gagne assisted by providing constructive criticism of the math formulas I present in this dissertation. Serving as an encouraging mentor and grammar editor was Dr. Tighe, who taught me several English-language rules that I had clearly failed to retain up to this point in my education. Her patience and humor have been greatly appreciated. Fellow doctoral students Dana Smith-Bryant, Valora Marcette Richardson, Peggy Lumpkin, Roxanne Russell, and Kathryn Land all participated in various capacities of data analysis and/or document editing. Acknowledgements would be incomplete without recognizing those individuals outside of the university who assisted me in the completion of this project. My personal life is rich with family, neighbors, and close friends who have supported me in many different ways throughout this project, including my mother-in-law, Patricia Gale, who read the initial draft of each chapter. Still, this degree and, in particular, this project has come to fruition through a long series of events, choices, and circumstances occurring throughout my life, all beginning with my parents. A paper investigating the purpose of


This paper discusses the modeling of Tower of Hanoi using the concepts of neural network. The basis idea of backpropagation learning algorithm in Artificial Neural Systems is then described. While similar in some ways, Artificial Neural System learning deviates from tradition in its dependence on the modification of individual weights to bring about changes in a knowledge representation distributed across connection in a network. This unique form of learning is analyzed from two aspects: the selection of an appropriate network architecture for representing the problem, and the choice of a suitable learning rule capable qf reproducing the desired function within the given network.

 Key words: Tower of Hanoi; Backpropagation Algorithm; Knowledge Representation;


The experimental data of the elastic scattering angular distribution of 17F+12C at 170 MeV is analyzed by the continuum-discretized coupled channels (CDCC) method and the optical model (OM). In the CDCC calculation, the unambiguous optical potential of 16O+12C is used as the input to give the coupling potentials. A very refractive feature is found and two evident Airy minima are predicted at large angles. The one-channel calculation is also performed and gives nearly the same result. In the OM calculations, this optical potential of 16O+12C is used again and adjusted to reproduce the angular distribution of 17F+12C. The Airy oscillation appears again in the calculated angular distribution. These results indicate that the elastic scattering of 17F+12C at 170 MeV has the possibility of the nuclear rainbow phenomenon, which is probably due to the contribution from the 16O core.


Research in oncogenetics has led to the identification of two major classes of tumor‐associated genes, oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. In a wide variety of solid tumor types, mutations of both groups of genes have been implicated in the tumorigenic process. In hematologic neoplasms, on the other hand, most attention has focused on illegitimate activation of oncogenes, e.g., deregulation leading to disturbed transcriptional activity and structural rearrangements resulting in hybrid genes. Whether loss or mutational inactivation of tumor suppressor genes also plays an essential role in the genesis of tumors of the hematopoietic system has received less attention. Because such inactivation can be the result of karyotypically detectable loss of chromosomal material, cytogenetic studies may prove helpful in pinpointing genomic sites that harbor tumor suppressor genes. The present study is based on a total of 12,473 cytogenetically abnormal hematologic neoplasms reported in the literature to date. Among these, we selected the 6,422 cases with sole clonal chromosomal abnormalities in order to include only aberrations of importance in the genesis, rather than in the progression, of these neoplasms. All tumors with monosomies or structural abnormalities resulting in loss of chromosomal material were compiled, and for every such structural aberration, i.e., deletion, unbalanced translocation, isochromosome, and ring chromosome, the chromosome bands lost were ascertained. This cytogenetic deletion mapping revealed that the most commonly lost chromosomes were Y and 7 in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), and chronic myeloproliferative disorders (MPD); X, Y, 7, 20, and 21 in acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL); X, Y, and 17 in chronic lymphoproliferative disorders (LPD); and X and Y in non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Chromosome segments/bands lost due to unbalanced structural abnormalities in at least 5% of the cases were 5q13ndash;33. 7q22ndash;36, 9q13ndash;31, 11q23ndash;25, 12p12ndash;13, 17p11ndash;13, and 20q11ndash;13 in AML; 5q13ndash;35 and 20q11ndash;13 in MDS; 5q22ndash;23, 7q22, 13q12ndash;22, 17p11ndash;13, and 20q11ndash;13 in MPD; 6q15ndash;27, 9p11ndash;24, 12p12ndash;13, and 19p13 in ALL; 6q16ndash;27, 11q21ndash;25, 13q13ndash;14, and 14q32 in LPD; and 6q21ndash;27, 11q13ndash;25, and 14q24ndash;32 in NHL. Based on these findings, three conclusions can be drawn. First, there is no good correspondence between total and partial monosomies, the only exception being ndash;7 and 7qndash;, both of which are common in myeloid neoplasms. This indicates different pathogenetic effects of total and partial losses. Second, clinically and biologically related hematologic malignancies display similarities in chromosomal material lost. Third, molecular studies on genetic loss have, to date, focused on deletions involving the long arms of chromosomes 5, 6, 7, 13, and 20 and the short arms of chromosomes 9 and 17. The cytogenetic deletion maps presented herein indicate that there are also other genomic sites of interest for further molecular analyses. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Introduction THIS is a time of crisis for general practice the problems faced are so great that many eminent practitioners have come to view their resolution as the subject matter of the discipline. Honigsbaum believes that the main problem lies in the type of care offered by general practitioners rather than the quantity.2 He distinguishes between the programme proposed by the British Medical Association which would draw general practice closer to hospital medicine and the campaign of the RCGP for preventive medicine. He considers that general practitioners would gain security by the treatment of priority groups such as the aged and mentally ill, delegating routine work to nurse practitioners. Hart asserts that we are overtrained for what we do in general practice because the definition of good doctoring in teaching hospitals is inappropriate to work in the community3 and Wilkes believes that we must accept the failure of vocational training schemes to instil any pattern of genuine continuing education.4 Howie has suggested that emphasis should be placed on behavioural instead of cellular research,5 while Freeling has made a plea for increased understanding of patients by improving communications between doctor and patient.6 Thus, this is a period of transition during which the profession is changing its view of its field, its methods and its goals. The proposals for change presented here concern general practitioners and not hospital doctors, for whom traditional methods of medical practice remain adequate. For them the teaching of medicine remains a function of hospital based specialists and patients are studied at the molecular level. General practitioners, however, seek to understand their patients as whole people. The difference between specialist teaching in hospitals and the needs of general practitioners is increasing. Many patients are now turning to alternative medicine and many doctors are embracing holistic medicine, and this demonstrates the need for a new medical model. This century has seen major biological changes. The young mature earlier and human fecundity can be controlled, but of greater importance is the ageing of populations in developed countries. The future of medicine lies in geriatric medicine, despite the silence of the College on this important change and the lack of a section devoted to geriatric medicine in the Royal Society of Medicine. This is a new specialty, which is not yet clearly differentiated from general medicine. Geriatricians have made remarkable developments but they work in artificial communities concerned mainly with rehabilitation, and are therefore unable to teach general practitioners what they need to know


Education shapes the destiny of a nation. It is the principal instrument of developing human capabilities and transforming the economy. The traditional structure of the
classroom interaction has existed for thousands of years and has evolved by passing through various phases. The first phase was the Gurukul where gurus or teachers imparted knowledge to shishyas or students. Then came the second phase where the teacher taught using blackboard and chalk. In the third phase virtual /visual aids like OHP and multimedia took over the traditional system of imparting education. Now in recent years schooling is experiencing the Education Revolution where in the barriers of time and space have been eroded as Ashby (1967) predicted "Mankind is now in the midst of the 4th revolution in Education – The Age of the Electronic Media." The Information Age, mostly driven by digital media, has made it both possible and necessary to use these digital media not only as tools for acquiring and processing information but also as a means of constructing knowledge (Kerres & De Witt, 2003). Computers and the Internet have become the technical basis for digital learning environments that challenge the traditional classroom in many ways. While there have been tendencies in the past and present of trying to replace the traditional classroom with new media, the limitations of learning and instruction solely occurring in digital environments have also become more clear.


AbstractPrevious studies in the analysis of double bets in racetrack markets compared the payoffs resulting from a double bet with a parlay contructed by the bettors. We compare the accuracy of implied winning probabilities between double bet and bets based on a single race and suggest that bettors bet on doubles less accurately. We also report the analysis based on payoff comparisons for a new data set.


The 21st century presents us with a new paradigm for current art practices.  In the context of a post-gallery milieu, interactive topologies have emerged, deploying Augmented Reality (hereafter, AR) on handheld devices to create site-specific artwork.  My purpose in this paper is to explore key mobile AR Artworks, relating these to site-specific installation in a post-gallery context.  Notions of embodiment, interactivity, and mobility with reference to research in computer science, new media theory, and conceptual art inform this exploration.


Brillouin light scattering (BLS) has been exploited to study the effect of eccentricity on the magnetic normal-mode spectrum of five arrays of trilayered pillars with an elliptical cross section and different eccentricity e in the range between 1 and 3. The pillars consist of a pair of 10nm thick Permalloy (NiFe) layers separated by a Cu spacer with thickness of 10nm. Several discrete spin-wave modes were observed in the BLS spectra and their frequencies tracked as a function of the in-plane direction of the applied magnetic field. All mode frequencies exhibit a uniaxial anisotropy, induced by the shape of the elements, which increases with e. A satisfactory reproduction of the measured frequencies was achieved by three-dimensional micromagnetic simulations, solving the discretized Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation over the layered structure in the time domain and performing a local Fourier transform.


BACKGROUND
Autoimmune pancreatitis represents a recently described subset of chronic pancreatitis.

AIM
To determine etiopathogenic features as well as histologic, morphologic, clinical and therapeutic characteristics of autoimmune pancreatitis.

METHODS
The study was based on a review of all relevant studies published in the literature on autoimmune pancreatitis before august 2008.

RESULTS
Autoimmune pancreatitis is now considered as the pancreatic manifestation of a systemic disorder that affects various organs, including the bile duct, retroperitoneum, kidney, and parotid and lachrymal glands. A dense lymphoplasmocytic infiltration with IgG4 positive plasma cells and fibrosis are the histological common feature of this systemic disease. Autoimmune pancreatitis is a rare disease that occurs predominantly in elderly men. Its diagnosis is sometimes difficult and can mimic pancreatic cancer whereas its lesions respond so readily to steroids. Thus, diagnostic criteria where developed so that to provide a secure basis for diagnosis and avoid abusive pancreatic resections.

CONCLUSION
Since its individualization, interest in autoimmune pancreatitis has grown and many clinical aspects have been clarified.


Predicting subsurface contaminant transport and transformation requires mathematical models based on a variety of physical, chemical, and biological processes. The mathematical model is an attempt to quantitatively describe observed processes in order to permit systematic forecasting of cause and response relationships. The mathematical models and the computer codes which solve the differential equations are approximations of the systems being described. The validity of these approximations depends on the purposes of the calculation. The report describes several mass transport processes but does not attempt to describe transformation processes. The body of the report focuses on considerations for model implementation and the validity of the implementation.


Two chemical kinetic mechanisms of methane combustion were tested and compared using a confined axisymmetric laminar flame: 1-step global reaction mechanism [24], and 4step mechanism [25], to predict the velocity, temperature and species distributions that describe the finite rate chemistry of methane combustion. The transport equations are solved by FLUENT using a finite-volume method with a SIMPLE procedure. The numerical results are presented and compared with the experimental data [5]. A 4-step methane mechanism was successfully implanted into CFD solver Fluent. The precompiled mechanism was linked to the solver by the means of a User Defined Function (UDF). The numerical solution is in very good agreement with previous numerical of 4-step mechanism and the experimental data.


The alteration of iron-bearing minerals induced by hydrocarbon microseepage above oil/gas reservoirs has been evaluated using measurements of soil magnetic susceptibility κ, geochemical compositions (gas hydrocarbon and alteration carbonate ΔC), and composition and concentration of iron-bearing minerals. The analyses were performed along two profiles across the Qiangtang basin in Tibet, China: the Nuoermahu-Xuehuanhu profile (C) and the Mugari-Huochetoushan profile (E). Results show that three strong magnetic anomalies (C1, E1 and E2 anomalies) are related to the distribution of Neogene volcanic rocks on the surface in the Gangmacuo-Xiyaergang uplift. Two other anomalies (C2 and E4 anomalies), characterized by both moderately amplitude magnetic susceptibility and elevated soil gas hydrocarbons, occur near fault zones in the Cuoni-Donghu synclinorium. These latter anomalies display characteristics of hydrocarbon microseepage anomalies commonly associated with oil and gas accumulations. Their presence in the Cuoni-Donghu synclinorium suggests that parts of the Qiangtang basin may have significant petroleum potential.


Background: β2-Adrenergic agonists play a pivotal role in the management of bronchial asthma. Although the major effect of short-acting β2-agonists on the airway is relaxation of smooth muscles, they may also have several effects on surrounding immunomodulatory cells. Methods: We examined whether widely used short-acting β2-agonists differ in their ability to modulate granulocyte functions, such as superoxide anion (O2–) production and degranulation. Results: Procaterol (PC), a full agonist, significantly inhibited both O2– production by granulocytes (neutrophils and eosinophils) and their degranulation at the clinically relevant concentrations, whereas salbutamol and tulobuterol (partial agonists) showed smaller effects. PC inhibited N-formyl methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine-induced O2– production and peroxidase release, but failed to inhibit responses induced by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and/or opsonized zymosan. Exposure to 5 × 10–8M PC for 120 min resulted in approximately 50% inhibition of O2– production and degranulation of neutrophils. The effects of β2-agonists were more obvious in neutrophils than in eosinophils. A selective β2-receptor antagonist, ICI-118551, reversed the inhibitory effect of β2-agonists (PC, salbutamol, tulobuterol B) on N-formyl methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine-induced O2– production. Conclusions: These results suggest that β2-agonists had an inhibitory effect on granulocyte functions, mainly mediated viareceptors and their efficacy. Our observations support that β2-agonists with a rapid onset of action and high intrinsic efficacy (short-acting and full agonists) may be optimal for the rescue therapy against acute asthma attack and sedation of its airway inflammation in an early phase.


A radioimmunological evaluation was made of plasma parathormone (PTH), using an antibody against the C-terminal fraction, in 14 subjects with primary parahyperthyroidism, and in 19 anuric subjects with secondary forms on three-weekly dialysis. In all cases, values were significantly higher (p less than 0.01) than in a group of normal controls. In secondary forms, the same significance was also apparent on comparison with primary forms, probably due to an absence of renal clearance of the hormone.


The operation transfer path analysis (OTPA) technique was used to measure the vibration and noise transfer coefficient functions of wheel-rail noise and radiated noise from an electric multiple unit (EMU) train (high-speed train in China) trailer bogie structure to the central area of the trailer bogie for a train running at speeds of 0–5 km/h. By applying these transfer coefficient functions to the noise analysis of high-speed train operation, the contributions of wheel-rail noise and frame-radiated noise to the noise of the bogie area at high speeds are obtained, and the aerodynamic noise is separated from the total noise, providing a reference for vibration damping and noise reduction in high-speed trains. Analysis of test data shows that, in the central area of the trailer bogie of high-speed trains, the low-frequency noise mainly comes from the structural radiated noise of the bogie, and the mid- to high-frequency noise is primarily due to aerodynamic noise. In addition, when an EMU train operates at speeds below 250 km/h, the noise in the central area of the trailer bogie is primarily caused by the structural radiated noise. When the operating speed is higher than 250 km/h, the noise in the central area of the trailer bogie is mainly due to aerodynamic noise, and the aerodynamic noise contribution increases with increase in speed.


In this paper, we study the boundary traces of eigenfunctions on the boundary of a smooth and bounded domain. An identity derived by Bäcker, Fürstburger, Schubert, and Steiner ['Behaviour of boundary functions for quantum billiards', J. Phys. A 35 (2002) 10293–10310], expressing (in some sense) the asymptotic completeness of the set of boundary traces in a frequency window of size O(1), is proved both for Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions. We then prove a semiclassical generalization of this identity.


Gene-Specific Control of Inflammation by Toll-like-Receptor-Induced Chromatin Modifications by Simmie Lorene Foster 2008 Toll-like receptors (TLRs) induce a complex inflammatory response that functions to alert the body to infection, neutralize pathogens, and repair damaged tissues. An excessive or persistent inflammatory response can be fatal, so multiple regulatory mechanisms have evolved to control the extent and duration of inflammation. Our current understanding of the control of inflammation is based on negative regulation of TLR signaling. However, TLR-induced genes have diverse functions, and control of signaling pathways does not allow for groups of genes with distinct functions to be differentially regulated. Therefore we hypothesized that additional, component-specific control mechanisms must exist. Using an in vitro system of lipopolysaccharide tolerance in macrophages, we show that TLR-induced genes fall into two categories on the basis of their functions and regulatory requirements. We demonstrate that representatives from the two classes acquire distinct patterns of TLR-induced chromatin modifications. These gene-specific chromatin modifications are associated with transient silencing of one class of genes, which includes pro-inflammatory mediators, and priming of the second class, which includes antimicrobial effectors. In addition, we show that anti-inflammatory agents such as IL-10 and corticosteroids also differentially regulate TLR-induced genes. These findings illustrate an adaptive response in macrophages, and reveal componentspecific regulation of inflammation.


211 Background: Constipation is a distressing physical symptom inadequately assessed in patients with cancer. Total opioid consumption may impact opioid-induced constipation (OIC) prevalence. This study examined total daily opioid consumption on self-reported constipation in patients with cancer. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis in patients who had a histologically-confirmed cancer diagnosis and completed at least 2 outpatient PC visits at an academic palliative care (PC) clinic. At each PC visit, we collected self-reported constipation scores (11-point scale, 0 [no symptom] to 10 [worst symptom]) and 24-hour oral morphine equivalents (OME) for up to 5 visits. Spearman correlation examined the association between OME and presence of constipation rated ≥3 and Wilcoxan-Mann-Whitney examined OME between patients with or without constipation. Univariable logistic regression examined associations of independent variables on constipation. Results: We identified 404 patients with cancer (mean age 55.5±14.3 years, 61.9% women, 89% metastatic disease). The most common cancer types were gastrointestinal (n = 115; 31%) and gynecologic (n = 47; 13%). Stimulant laxative use was observed in 172 (44.9%) patients. Across all visits, we observed a weak association between OME and patient-reported constipation score (r = 0.16-0.24, p < 0.05 for 4 of 5 visits). Mean OME increased, while mean constipation score decreased across visits. At the first visit, higher mean OME was seen in patients who self-reported constipation (128.8 vs 92.3; p < 0.05). In contrast, for each subsequent clinic visit there was no difference in mean OME in patients with or without constipation. Age, sex, metastatic disease, and stimulant laxative use were not associated with constipation. Conclusions: A weak association was observed between OME and self-reported constipation in cancer patients across multiple palliative care visits. Except for the first clinic visit, there was no difference in OME and self-reported constipation scores. These results suggest a lack of a clear association between total opioid consumption and patient-reported constipation.


Abstract Adult male rats were maintained on 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20% casein diets to produce a series of animals having serum α2u-globulin levels varying linearly from a normal of 31 μg/ml to a minimum of 13 μg/ml. In this way, it was possible to titrate endogenously the renal reabsorption and urinary excretion of this low molecular weight protein. The average maximal reabsorption rate (Tm) was established to be 9.7 μg/min and was reached at a renal filtered load (Fα2u) of 13.6 μg/min. These data were expressed in terms of a Tm:Fα2u ratio of 0.71. Below this value, the reabsorption declined from 70% to 50% of the Fα2u. Above 0.71, where Fα2u is less than the Tm, the reabsorption increased to 80–90%. It was observed that the fractional renal uptake of the α2u-globulin varied linearly with the filtered load.


Targeted gene modification has proved difficult in some model organisms, limiting their usefulness in studying basic biological functions. Different technologies based on naturally occurring modular DNA-binding proteins have been developed to rectify this issue. The most promising to date is the architecture of transcriptional activator like effectors nucleases (TALENs). TALEN proteins bind DNA utilizing arrays of repeat variable di-residue (RVD) modules, with each module interacting with a single target nucleotide. Each RVD module consists of about 33 nearly invariant amino acids, with the identity of positions 12 and 13 conferring binding specificity, so that RVD modules NI, NG, NN, and HD, bind to the nucleotide residues A, T, G, and C, respectfully. Artificial DNA binding domains consisting of arrays of these RVD modules can be used to target the non-specific FokI DNA nuclease domain to specific genomic targets where it induces dsDNA breaks (DSB). Error prone repair of DSBs can lead to the introduction of insertion or deletion mutations at the targeted site, ultimately resulting in frame shift mutations that can produce null alleles. TALEN RVD modules can be easily and very rapidly assembled using standard Golden Gate cloning methods. The 1:1 ratio simplifies both the assembly and design of TALENs and the use of standard molecular biology methods make the TALEN architecture amendable to use in Core Facilities. In the Zebrafish model system TALENs have been used to induce somatic mutations at targeted genomic sites with efficiencies reaching 100% of injected embryos and almost all the treated animals will have germ line mutations that can be stably transmitted. TALENs are being used to induce targeted mutations in Drosophila, C. elegans, and mammalian embryos as well as cultured cells, and it is likely the TALE-based DNA binding domains will soon be used routinely to manipulate gene expression in additional ways.


Introduction: Prior to medical advances in yester years VH was limited to uterine prolapse but in present techno-medical era the techniques and indications of vaginal hysterectomy have changed to give an excellent health care to women cosmetically at a reasonable cost with minimum invasion and maximum safety and satisfaction.
Aims and objective: The aim of the study was to find out the answer of the question, IS REALLY TLH LESS INVASIVE THEN NDVH? By analyzing these two commonly performed procedures to find out the differences to decide whether NDVH is a simpler, less invasive, quicker, cost effective, environment friendly technique then TLH in the similar gynecological indications.
Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was done on 120 randomly selected patient of Hysterectomy for various reasons between March 2016 till September 2017 in Dept. of Ob/Gyn LNMC JKH, Bhopal. Patients' original files and surgery reports of the TLH and VH were analyzed and compared retrospectively for the indication of surgery, patients' age, weight, parity, uterus size, time taken for surgery, blood loss, post-operative analgesia, hospital stay, Intra and post op complications. A stastical analysis of the data was performed using independent t test and p value of less than 0.01 was considered statically significant.
Results: The mean time taken to perform TLH was significantly longer i.e. 184.83 minutes compared with NDVH, i.e. 83.5.minutes (p


Objective To investigate the acting mechanism of protein kinase CK2α'that is a new candidate gene for male infertility. Methods Protein kinase CK2α' subunit was used as yeast two-hybrid BD bait plasmid,potential interacting partners were screened by the yeast two-hybrid system from human testis cDNA library. Results There one positive clone was highly homologous to NADH dehydrogenase 4 gene(99.0%). Conclusion CK2α′ interacts with NADH dehydrogenase 4 and the role of CK2 in spermatogenesis be investigated.


We present NLTE radiative transfer in hydrodynamic models representative of Mira-type variable stars. Calculations were carried out with the PANDORA code of the Bowen models using a snapshot approximation.


In its case-law, the European Court of Human Rights has usually protected the right of access to court because of unacceptable legal stands taken by the courts of the contracting states. Article 6 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, which guarantees the "right to a hearing" in paragraph 1, does not explicitly lay down the right of access to court; however, the European Court derived this right deeming that the right of access to court is a precondition for all the other guarantees provided in Article 6(1) of the Convention. The paper analyses the legal views and case-law of the European Court with respect to preconditions for access to court. After first determining the scope of this right, the paper continues by examining the procedural preconditions for access to court, such as admissibility to bring an action, admissibility of recourse to legal remedies and the role of courts in the domestic legal order of contracting states. It also shows the development of the relationship between the right of access to court and particular categories of civil servants, including the relationship between state immunity and the right of access to court.


The strategy choices of market-oriented companies are a topic now under wide investigation in the analysis of business performance antecedents. The purpose of this study is to examine the outcomes of the combination of three different organizational strategies (market orientation, innovativeness and entrepreneurial orientation) on business performance indicators. Models using profitability and efficiency indicators are proposed with the specific aim of obtaining a deeper analysis of the relative roles played by each. The empirical work takes place in the agro-food industry in the Ebro Valley, one of Spain's most competitive regions. The estimates from profitability quantile and truncated regressions of the efficiency scores reveal that market orientation has a positive effect on economic and productivity performance. The impact of pro-active, innovation-seeking, and risk-averse entrepreneurship is nevertheless more debatable, despite some influence of these entrepreneurial styles on observed performance values. This enables conclusions regarding the possibility of combining a market-oriented business culture with innovation and entrepreneurial activity with a view to obtaining business performance gains.


A search for W H production in p¯ p collisions at a center of mass energy √ s = 1.96 TeV is presented. An integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb −1 , accumulated by the DØ experiment at the Tevatron collider, was used. Events containing one lepton, missing transverse energy and two or three jets, with at least one of them being b-tagged, are considered. In the single and double b-tagged sample, good agreement between data and the Standard Model is observed. No excess being observed, we set combined upper limits on σ(p¯ p → W H) × B(H → b ¯ b) from 1.1 pb to 1.4 pb for Higgs masses ranging from 105 to 145 GeV (0.9 to 1.2 in expected limits). For mH = 115 GeV, the observed (expected) upper limit is 1.3 (1.1) pb, to be compared to the standard model expected cross section of 0.13 pb.


The rubella vaccine strain HPV-77 failed to produce a cytopathogenic effect in 6 rheumatoid and 13 nonrheumatoid synovial cell cultures, the inoculum dosage being 1 to 5 TCID50 per synovial cell.


In this paper, we focus on strength properties of double porous materials having a Drucker-Prager solid phase at microscale. The porosity consists in two populations of micropores and mesopores saturated with different pressures. To this end, we consider a hollow sphere subjected to a uniform strain rate boundary conditions. For the microscale to mesoscale transition, we take advantage of available results by Maghous et al. (2009), while the meso to macro upscaling is performed by implementing a kinematical limit analysis approach using Eshelby-like trial velocity fields. This two-step homogenization procedure delivers analytical expression of the macroscopic criterion for the considered class of saturated double porous media. This generalizes and improves previous results established by Shen et al. (2014). The results are discussed in terms of the existence or not of effective stresses. Some illustrations are provided.


is without validityis a misunderstanding-an existing human being does indeed participate in the Ideas but he is not himself an Idea."25 (Cf. also p. 293 [ibid.], where Kierkegaard speaks of the "eternal life of the Idea.") The abstract or universal, the concept and the potential, represent the infinite and eternal Ideality. They have their : Journals, sec. 1846. 3 Note that Kierkegaard defends this concept of Schelling's "intellectual intuition" against Hegel; cf. Postscript, p. 299. 24 Ibid., pp. 293-95. 25 Ibid., pp. 294 f. 286 EXISTENTIALISM, RATIONALISM, AND CHRISTIAN FAITH counterpart in the concrete, the empirical, the particular, the actual of temporality and finiteness. Very revealing of the distinction made by Kierkegaard between ideal existence (esse essentiae) and empirical existence (esse existentiae) are the remarks in his Journals.6 Existence, he says, is irreducible to a concept of existence. It can be attributed only to an individual. The concept of existence is an ideality. Existence itself, however, is beyond understanding, and a universal possibility or idea cannot be recognized if actualized in an existing individual.27 Furthermore, "One cannot think an individual but only the concept of man" and ".... the impotence of the concept in relation to reality."28 The difference Kierkegaard has in mind is the ontological difference between esse essentiae and esse existentiae which has been basic to the philosophical tradition since Plato, who first discovered the validity of ideas apart from their realization in particular beings.29 In making this basic distinction Kierkegaard is in fullest agreement with Schelling who declares: "There are two completely different things which have to be distinguished in every real being, namely what the being is, quid sit, and that the being is, quod sit. The first one answering the question 'What is it?' furnishes me with insight into the essence of the thing, that is, it makes me understand it, gives me a concept of it, or gives 26 Journals, p. I027.


A monolithic Clock and Data Recovery (CDR) circuit for SDH STM-16 (2.5 Gb/s) digital receivers has been designed and fabricated using Maxim GST-2 27 GHz Silicon bipolar technology. The main functions carried out by the IC are: signal amplification (40 dB) and limitation, clock recovery and decision. The design is intended to achieve a complete 2.5 Gb/s receiver by using the IC and a low noise preamplifier (transimpedance stage), mounted in a DIL package. The integrated circuit comprises about 400 active devices, used both for analog and digital blocks, and uses two supply voltages of 5 and -4.5 V. The input port is decoupled by external capacitors and matched to 50 (Omega) using on-chip resistors, whereas clock and data outputs are open collector type. The die size is 2 X 2 mm2 and the chip has been packaged using a TQFP 48 pins plastic package. Measurements under 231-1 PRBS data stream have shown an input sensitivity below 5 mVpp, rms output jitter below 7 ps and total power consumption of 0.8 W.


Recyclable gold nanocatalysts with controllable morphology are in-situ formed on the solid substrate by a facile ultrasonic spray pyrolysis method. The Au nanoparticles on Mo substrates form spheres, while on Si icosahedra, or after addition of Cu ions to the precursor solution, decahedra are obtained. The catalytic properties are studied for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol as a model reaction and compared with those of several stabilized colloidal Au catalysts. Due to the absence of any stabilizers on the surface and the good adhesion to the solid support, the substrate-immobilized Au nanoparticles exhibit excellent catalytic activity and stability as well as simple reuse without activity loss and easy recyclability. Furthermore, it is shown that by this spray pyrolysis process also the inner walls of a tube can easily be coated. The efficiency of this resulting flow-through reactor is investigated. Finally, naked Au nanoparticle films enable a unique comparative investigation of the catalytic reaction rate in the presence of typical ligands used for the stabilization of colloidal nanoparticle catalysts. Only with the films of naked Au nanoparticles is a constant Au base available, while different ligands lead to different sizes and probably shapes of colloidal particles thus not allowing an exact comparison. It turns out that all investigated stabilizers reduce the catalytic efficiency.


Trelease (2013) believes that a "nation that does not read much does not know much and therefore is more likely to make poor choices in the home, the marketplace, the jury box, and the voting booth" (p. xxvi).  Literacy continues to be an essential must for individual and community well-being.  Families represent a crucial role in the literacy development of their children, and family involvement is associated with numerous benefits for children, families, schools, and communities (Chance, 2010; Livingston & Wirt, 2003).   In addition to research findings describing how family perceptions of reading frame literacy practices, data also support the proactive influence of parents as children's initial literacy models  (Larocque, Kleiman, & Darling, 2011; U.S. Department of Education, 2001). Yet, teacher candidates, as they newly prepare to enter the educational profession, may not always understand this integral connection between classroom and family learning (Falk-Ross, Beilfuss, & Orem, 2010).   Consequently, in order to establish the groundwork for the significance of family literacy and further, to provide teacher candidates with a framework toward building this critical relationship between families and schools, this discussion describes how a genuine need exists for university coursework to include a variety of relevant experiential service-learning opportunities.