We apologise for not having cited the article by Schier et al. [1] in our publication [2]. We regret this error which happened owing to the fact that Dr Haecker did the literature search for our article before publication of the above mentioned paper [1]. We are sorry for this. However, we obtained written permission by Dr Bahr to use his CT-scans showing the vacuum bell applied in a patient suffering from pectus excavatum. We stated in the legend to these figures that these pictures were provided by Dr Bahr (p. 558). To the best of our knowledge, Dr Bahr was also noted at the homepage of Mr Klobe (www.trichterbrust.de) to be the author of these pictures and Dr Bahr declared again that he was the owner of these pictures. We regret that Professor Schier was not informed that his co-author Mr Klobe read our manuscript before submission. We offered the co-authorship of our article to Mr Klobe but he refused to be cited as a coauthor in any medical paper due to the fact that he is a technical engineer. However, wementioned his name (p. 559) and his homepage in our article [2] where interested readers can obtain further information regarding his construct. We stated in our article that Dr Bahr and Professor Schier did the initial tests to investigate the use of vacuum chest wall lifter children suffering from pectus excavatum (p. 558). It was the aim of our study to evaluate our first experience using the vacuum bell use in our setting. We did not state that we were the first to use this old method as we are aware that this treatment modality has been described several decades ago, and we mentioned this fact in our article. This fact was also described at the homepage of Mr Klobe. Finally, we do not fully understand why Professor Schier states in his letter: 'We do not want this to continue. . .' as our article was published with the knowledge of both of his co-authors.


Abstract 1084 Background: CNS relapse is rare in APL, and predominates in patients (pts) with increased WBC counts. (De Botton, Leukemia, 2006,20,35; Montesinos, Haematologica,2009,94,1242). We report the incidence, risk factors and outcome of CNS relapse in 2 multicenter clinical trials of the European APL group. Methods: Between 1993 and Feb 2004 (when randomization for AraC in APL 2000 trial ended), 916 APL patients (pts) were included in APL93 (n=576) and APL 2000 (n=340) trials, and 92.2% of them achieved CR (Ades L, Blood 2010, Ades L, JCO 2006). In both trials, induction treatment consisted of ATRA (45 mg/m2/d until CR) and DNR 60mg/m2/d x3 + AraC 200 mg/m2/dx7 followed by a first similar consolidation course and a second course with DNR 45 mg/m2/d x3 and AraC 1g/m2/12hx8 (except in one arm of APL 2000 trial where pts with WBC 10G/L. Median follow up was 10 and 5 years, respectively, in APL 93 and APL 2000 trial. Results: 6 first relapses involving the CNS were seen (3 in APL 93 and 3 in APL 2000 trial), after 6 to 37 months (median 15 months), representing 3% of the relapses (2% and 6% in APL 93 and 2000, respectively) and 0.7% of the pts who had achieved CR (0.56% and 0.9% in APL 93 and 2000, resp). Of the 6 CNS relapses, 1 was isolated and 5 accompanied by relapse in the bone marrow (haematological in 4 cases, and only molecular in 1 case). Median age was similar (46y) in pts who had or not CNS relapse. Median WBC count was 7.9 G/l in pts with CNS relapse vs 2.5G/l in pts without CNS relapse (p=0.07). 5 of the 6 pts with CNS relapses had WBC> 5G/L, but only 2 had WBC > 10G/l. Among pts who achieved CR, 3 of the 146 (2.05%) pts who received no Ara C had CNS relapse versus 3 of the 699. (0.4%) pts who received AraC (with HD araC in the last consolidation course) (p= 0.06). In pts with WBC > 10G/l, none of 72pts in APL 2000 (who received both HD araC and intrathecal CNS prophylaxis) had CNS relapse, compared 2 of the the 123 (1.6%) pts in APL 93 trial (who received HD araC and no intrathecal CNS prophylaxis). The 6 pts with CNS relapse were all salvaged by intrathecal CT, combined to ATRA and systemic CT in APL 93, and ATO in APL 2000 trial. 4 of them were durably salvaged, 3 after auto SCT and 1 after ATO and CT. Conclusion: CNS relapse was very rare in APL in our experience, and only 2 of 6 pts with CNS relapse had baseline WBC > 10G/l. CNS relapse was generally associated to concomitant marrow relapse (sometimes only molecular), and was seen in 0.4% and 2.05% pts treated with and without HD AraC, respectively (p=0.06), suggesting a possible preventive role of HD AraC, although numbers were small to conclude. Interestingly, by comparison, in the Spanish PETHEMA experience where pts received no AraC, 1.6% of the 667 pts who achieved CR had CNS relapse (Montesinos, Haematologica, 2009, 94, 1242). On the other hand, the role of intrathecal CNS prophylaxis was unclear in our experience. Finally, outcome of CNS relapses was better than in our previous report (De Botton, Leukemia, 2006,20,35), possibly due in part to the recent treatment of relapses by ATO, known to penetrate the blood brain barrier (Au et al, Blood, 2008,3587) and which could also play a role in CNS prophylaxis when administered during first line treatment. Disclosures: Fenaux:CELGENE, JANSSEN CILAG, AMGEN, ROCHE, GSK, NOVARTIS, MERCK, CEPHALON: Honoraria, Research Funding.


It is common in the Chinese securities market for the individual investors to herd on the institutional investors. This article builds a model of leader\|follower for this special phenomenon. Through certain assumptions and calculations, the model finds that the herding behavior increases the volatility of the market price, and that the leaders gain more profit than the followers in most circumstances. But as the amount of the leader increases and the noise in the signal that the leaders receive increases, the difference between the profit of the leader and the followers decreases. Finally, based on the conclusion of the model, we propose some advices to stabilize the market, to improve the structure of the market and to increase the informational efficiency of the market.


The European Green Deal sets out an exciting vision for the EU. Delivering climate targets alongside economic growth will be a major challenge and will only be achieved through innovating in all aspects of our lives. The innovations required will not happen without support from EU funds. However, the financial support available is constrained, particularly given the costs of responding to the COVID-19 crisis. A new process is required to prioritise effort and ensure money is spent wisely.


OBJECTIVE
The study was carried out to investigate genetic polymorphism of 15 STR loci in Guangxi Miao population. METHORDS: DNA samples from southern China 274 Miao unrelated individuals were screened by using AmpFlSTR Identifiler PCR Amplification Kit and 3100 Genetic Analyzer.

RESULTS
These 15 loci meet the Hardy-Weinberg expectations. The matching probability of the 15 STR loci was 5.04 x 10(-17), and combined paternity of exclution was 0.9999993 in Guangxi Miao population.

CONCLUSION
Our results showed Identifiler PCR Amplification systems of 15 STR loci were useful enough to forensic case work in Guangxi Miao population.


The invention discloses a kind of preparation method and flavouring juice thereof of braised pork can, this preparation method comprises the following steps: belt leather streaky pork is removed hemostasis, broken bone, with water mire water 5 minutes foams that deoil of 100 DEG C, to replace in boiling water pot poach 40 ~ 50 minutes, pull out after draining the water, be placed in the oil frying 25 ~ 30 minutes of 140 ~ 170 DEG C, raise oil temperature to 200 ~ 230 DEG C, continue frying to take the dish out of the pot after 4 ~ 8 minutes, drain, stripping and slicing, together with the flavouring juice mixed up in tank filling, sealed cans under vacuum, sterilization 40 ~ 50 minutes at being placed in 115 ~ 130 DEG C, back-pressure is 0.2 ~ 0.4 MPa, cooling down 40 ~ 50 minutes, packaging vanning, quality inspection is put in storage, delicious flavour can be obtained, fertile and oiliness, the braised pork can of aromatic flavour.Braised pork can of the present invention can namely open instant, nutritious, easily absorb, having effect of beauty treatment, is the good merchantable brand of going with rice or bread of at home travelling.


A teacher in a preschool classroom of 3and 4-year-olds isfrustrated by the number of children who use Tinker Toys, Legos, and bristle blocks to create some form of weapon and then run around the room imitatingfictional crimefighters. The teacher raises her concern with the children in a class meeting. After some creative brainstorming, the children decide that toysfrom the table toy area should be "sit down toys "; the children will sit on thefloor or at a table to build, instead of running around with their creations. This simple rule makes a noticeable diference. The children's creations are more creative and less likely to be used as weapons.


Current one kind of tidal power generation utilizing ocean power generating device according to the device. Platform includes ups and downs, a generator, a bottom anchor device and an automatic balancing system downs. Often heaving floating platform by a plurality of risers storage branch, the central control tower, lateral transfer latent tubes. A generator mounted on the top of the tower pipe heaving platform truck, is constituted by a generator, a propeller and tail. Its lower central pipe column was swollen spherical shape. Often the floating riser storage charge air. Ups and downs automatic balancing system, comprising a central tube disposed in the top of the column control of the automatic control means heaving chamber, compressing the gas pumping means connected to the first and second central bronchial tubes are normally floating column and the riser. The beneficial effects produced by the present invention: this unit may be selectively placed drag collar adapted to power different currents and tidal zone depth positions, the generator currents Ying automatic steering, the maximum load the generator power. Cost province of the invention, mobile and flexible, continuous, stable power generation can make full use of marine resources.


Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) type I is a unique form of acute kidney injury resulting from renal vasoconstriction in the setting of systemic and splanchnic arterial vasodilation in patients with end‐stage liver disease. The only definitive treatment currently available is liver or liver–kidney transplantation. The goal of extracorporeal support (ECS) systems in HRS is to bridge eligible liver failure patients to transplantation or functional recovery by means of detoxification, assistance with biosynthesis of key metabolic products, and regulation of inflammation. ECS systems in liver disease can be divided into two broad categories: cell‐based and noncell‐based systems. While cell‐based systems aim to provide functions similar to those of normal hepatocytes, noncell‐based systems do not incorporate tissue; they provide detoxification utilizing membranes and adsorbents. There are no standard guidelines for the application of ECS systems. Published studies are too small and show considerable differences in primary indication, primary endpoint, and treatment protocols for "intervention" and "standard" treatment groups. This article reviews the available evidence regarding the optimal use of ECS devices in HRS, makes evidence‐based practice recommendations, and delineates key questions for future studies.


Summary.  Children with haemophilia often bleed inside joints and muscles, which may impair postural adjustments. These postural adjustments are necessary to control postural balance during daily activities. The inability to quickly recover postural balance could elevate the risk of bleeding. To determine whether children with haemophilia have impaired postural adjustment after an unexpected perturbation compared with healthy children. Twenty children with haemophilia comprised the haemophilic group (HG), and 20 healthy, age‐paired children comprised the control group (CG). Subjects stood on a force plate, and 4% of the subjects' body weight was applied via a pulley system to a belt around the subjects' trunks. The centre of pressure (COP) displacement was measured after the weight was unexpectedly released to produce a controlled postural perturbation followed by postural adjustment to recover balance. The subjects' postural adjustments in eight subsequent intervals of 1 s (t1–t8), beginning with the moment of weight removal, were compared among intervals and between groups. The applied perturbation magnitudes were the same for both groups, and no difference was observed between the groups in t1. However, the COP displacement in t2 in the HG was significantly higher than in the CG. No differences were observed between the groups in the other intervals. Within‐group analysis showed that the COP was higher in t2 than in t4 (P = 0.016), t5 (P = 0.001) and t8 (P = 0.050) in the HG. No differences were observed among intervals in the CG. Children with haemophilia demonstrated differences in postural adjustment while undergoing unexpected balance perturbations when compared with healthily children.


Measures on the unit circle and orthogonal polynomials are completely determined by their reflection coefficients through the Szego recurrences. We find the conditions on the reflection coefficients which provide the lack of a mass point at ζ = 1. We show that the result is sharp in a sense.


In this paper, two different approaches for horizon picking are examined. The first one is a simple line detection algorithm applied to the full resolution image. The second algorithm is a multiscale line detection algorithm, based on the wavelet transform of the iamge. Both full resolution and multiresolution line detection algorithms are applied to 2D seismic images and compared in terms of their performance. Results show that the full resolution line detection approach outperforms the multiresolution approach.


Objectives: Historically, patients with lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) were considered poor candidates for renal transplantation (RT). We aimed to review our experience with this procedure for its safety and efficacy. Methods: We reviewed the case records of patients with LUTD who underwent RT at our center. Graft and patient survival were analyzed. Results: Out of 2053 RTs, 26 (1.2%) patients had LUTD as the primary cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). All patients underwent cystourethroscopy prior to transplantation, had abnormal bladders and all underwent bladder augmentation. Only 16 (61.5%) patients had urodynamic (UDN) evaluation prior to transplantation. Pretransplantation augmentation cystoplasty (AC) was performed in 24 (92.3%) patients, and post-RT in two (7.7%). Mitrofanoff channel was made in 25 (96.1%) patients using appendix in 14 (56%) patients and native ureter in 11 (44%). Double-J (DJ) stents were placed in all patients peroperatively. All patients developed 156 episodes of urinary tract infections (UTIs), with an average of 6 UTIs/ patient. All patients except three are maintaining their graft function within acceptable limits. We observed 100% patient and graft survival rates in this series. Conclusions: In conclusion, RT combined with AC is a feasible option for patients with LUTD with good results in the medium term and should be explored in selected patients.


We investigated the neuronal processing of the physiologically particularly important precision grip (opposition of index finger and thumb) by the combination of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and an MR‐compatible haptic interface. Ten healthy subjects performed isometric precision grip force generation with visual task instruction and real‐time visual feedback in a block design. In a 2 × 2 two‐factorial design, both the timing and force could be either constant or varying (identical average timing and force). As we expected only small changes in the fMRI response for the different fine‐graded motor control conditions, we maximized the sensitivity of the data analysis and implemented a volumes of interest (VOI) restricted general linear model analysis including non‐explanatory force regressors to eliminate directly force‐related low‐level activations. The VOIs were defined based on previous studies. We found significant associations: timing variation (variable vs. constant) and primary motor area (M1) and dorsal premotor area (PMd); force variation (variable vs. constant) and primary somatosensory area (S1), anterior intraparietal area (AIP) and PMd; interaction of timing and force and supplementary motor area (SMA) and AIP. We conclude that SMA and AIP integrate fine‐graded higher‐level timing and force control during precision grip. M1, S1 and PMd process lower‐level timing and force control, yet not their integration. These results are the basis for a detailed assessment of manual motor control in a variety of motor diseases. The detailed behavioural assessment by our MR‐compatible haptic interface is particularly valuable in patients due to expected larger inter‐individual variation in motor performance.


Demand for space cooling systems is growing worldwide. The main reasons are socioeconomic developments such as the growing world population and the rise of economic wealth, especially in developing countries. These developments run simultaneously with global warming effects, increasing the need for cooling. This study introduces the development of the Cooling Demand Market Index (CDMI), which indicates the demand for cooling appliances worldwide at a spatial resolution of 1 km. It is based on population density, Gross Domestic Product (GDP)/capita and Cooling Degree Days (CDD) per climate zone. The CDMI is calculated for 2020 and 2050 in four different future scenarios in accordance with the Spatial Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP) and Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP). Further, the Solar Thermal Cooling Index (STCI) was developed to spatially estimate the worldwide potential to use solar thermal cooling systems based on solar availability and limitations due to maximum heat rejection temperature. Results of the CDMI show that the economic demand for cooling solutions is increasing, especially in developing countries, and that India will be by far the largest market by 2050. Countries such as Burundi and the Democratic Republic of the Congo show the strongest national increases in CDMI. The STCI indicates that ammonia absorption chillers and zeolite adsorption chillers can serve the vast majority of the market thanks to their capability to run at high condenser temperatures.


Beji Village is one of the villages located in Patuk District, Gunungkidul Regency, the Special Region of Yogyakarta. This paper aims to propose programs to develop the unique potency by using the service method. The village potency consists of the potency of agricultural products such as plantations, agriculture, and tourist attractions. From the results of data collection on the potential of the village, so the author makes an output in the form of an interactive e-book and video that explains the potential of Beji village. In addition, the author also identified the potential and potential of agricultural products as a material for discussion in a pocket book regarding processing agricultural products from mangoes which was then made in the form of an e-book, pocket book and interactive video. Mango fruit is processed into candied fruit which can later provide other options to be used as souvenirs from Beji Village. The results are expected to be useful and become new innovations for Beji Village in developing village innovation.


Many different materials are used in the National Ignition Facility, NIF, located at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, LLNL. Some of these are exposed to significant doses of ionizing radiation. Two elastomers are of special interest because they are used in sealing applications with long expected lifetimes. These are LPU4, a polyurethane formulated at LLNL, and Dow Corning DC93-500, a silicone RTV elastomer. In 2004 a program to determine the impact of ionizing radiation on the stress relaxation and compression set characteristics of these two elastomers was undertaken. Since the materials are used in continuous compression and must reliably seal, the primary test utilized was a stress relaxation test. This test provides insight into the ability of a seal to remain functional in a static seal. The test determines how much residual force remains after a certain period of time under compression. The temperature and absorbed radiation dose can dramatically impact this property. In this study the only independent environmental variable studied is the effect of radiation at ambient temperatures. Two levels of radiation exposure were studied, 1 MRad, and 10 MRad. One of the independent test parameters is the compression deflection during storage and in this test the value usedmore » was 25%. The need for a compression retention mechanism ruled out radiation exposure in the compressed direction since the high atomic number materials for that device would block the radiation. Therefore, an annular ring was chosen for the specimen shape. The procedures are, as closely as possible, based on ASTM D 6147-97. Since the data is readily obtained at the end of the stress relaxation test, the samples were also evaluated for compression set. Compression set is the essentially permanent deformation incurred in a seal after the seal is compressed for some period of time and then unloaded. Though this is indicative of potential sealing reliability, it is not as direct an indicator of seal performance as is stress relaxation. Compression set does not yield any useable, quantified information but is an indicator of viscoelastic deformation with time. The needed thickness measurements were obtained both from the unloading curves and direct measurement in general accordance with ASTM D395-03. The radiation source for this testing was the Co60 gamma source located at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). This source has an exposure vessel approximately 29.2cm (11.5-inch) tall with an inside diameter of 7.44cm (2.93-inch). Because of the geometry limits, cylindrical symmetry and limited volume, a standard stress relaxation test such as ASTM D 6147-97 could not be utilized and a modified test was developed. An additional constraint imposed by the vertical asymmetry of the radiation dose in the exposure chamber was a limited height with reasonably uniform radiation exposure. The specific dimensions and radiation characteristics of the test cell are in Appendix A.« less


A converter wild single stage power factor correction( PFC ) is introduced. The major design of the converter was mainly discussed.


Considering notes taken while attending a course as a writing genre anchored in a specific discursive background, the parameters of which are to be taken into account, this thesis confronts the oral discourse of a young teacher (delivered in French) with the notes taken by French and Dutch students. In an often interdisciplinary approach, note taking has been examined in cognitive psychology, linguistics and didactics. The first part of the thesis consists in an assessment of these studies. Contrary to most of these works that rest on the practices of note takers, one of our objectives is to analyze the interrelation between teacher's discourse – which, through more or less explicit hints, constantly guides the note takers – and note taking. To make this oral discourse and these notes interrelate, several levels of analysis have been considered in the second part: that of the lexical units, of the clause, of the discourse. However, to assess the activity of note taking itself, intermediate stages have been defined according to their pragmatic role. The last part deals with the results that can be drawn from our studies. The reduction processed by note takers has thus been assessed and qualified. The reaction to the hints given by the teacher and entailing note taking has also been measured. These analyses made it possible to distinguish between different note taking modes. If Dutch and French students differ in their practices on a few points, it appears that the main differences lie in an individual practice of note taking. Some suggestions intending at providing some help to students have been sketched out according to the difficulties met with by note takers.


Many iterative software development methodologies, such as for example eXtreme Programming, state that refactoring is one of the key activities to be undertaken in order to keep the code-base of a project well-structured and consistent. In such a context, poorly structured code may become a significant obstacle in adding new or in enhancing existing functionality. However, there is some anecdotal evidence that in many software projects, the underlying code-base is not necessarily refactored post-release, often due to time constraints or the misconception that refactoring does not add any apparent value. In order to get further insights into this problem area, we propose to investigate the usage frequency of refactorings in the context of open-source, object-oriented software systems. In this work, we will outline our approach to detecting refactoring and present results obtained from an initial pilot study.


Child & Family Social Work. 2018;23:709–716. Abstract In residential youth care, a positive living group climate is one of the main pillars for having a child grow up and develop optimally. Despite its importance, the development of a positive living group climate seems to be "under pressure," due to recent evolutions in residential youth care all over the world. This article describes what could be learned from a project focused on monitoring the living group climate in a residential youth care service in Flanders, Belgium. The objectives were (a) to investigate the implications of this project specifically aimed at improving the living group climate, and (b) to discuss the opportunities and challenges of this process, in relation to the particular service and staff, and residential youth care in general. The outcomes indicate that group workers perceive the monitoring process as a constructive tool for discussing outcomes in establishing a positive living climate. Furthermore, the findings show that the living group climate is perceived as a complex context, with many interactions that are difficult to measure or capture—therefore, discussion about the outcomes is an essential part of improvement processes. This study provides insight into the key factors and tensions in the development of a positive living group climate.


Objective To explore the value of the combinative test of serum carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA) and immunosuppressive acid protein(IAP) for the diagnosis of colorectal cancer. Methods Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and single immunodiffusion were used to determine the concentration of CEA and IAP in serum sample of colorectal cancer patients. Results The sensitivity of CEA and IAP was (33.3%) and (40.0%) respectively. The specificity of CEA and IAP was (93.3%) and (86.7%) respectively. The receiver operator characteristic(ROC) curve analysis showed that the area under the ROC was (0.747) for CEA and (0.659) for IAP. The sensitivity of the parallel tests was (60.0%) and the specificity was (80.0%). Conclusions The combinative test of CEA and IAP can improve the diagnostic value of colorectal cacner.


Objective: To study the feasibility of detecting mycoplasma pneumonia (MP) IgM antibody with terminal blood.Methods: Venous blood and terminal blood of 117 sick children were detected respectively for mycoplasma IgM antibody,the result of qualitative analysis was compared.90 MP IgM antibody levels with a range of 200 to 3000 u/ml of terminal blood were compared with that of venous blood.Correlation coefficient was calculated,and regression equation was developed.Results: In this study,the result of qualitative analysis on MP IgM antibody of venous blood and terminal blood was no significant difference (P0.05).The MP IgM antibody level of terminal blood (912.53±548.45 u/ml) was significantly lower than that of venous blood (1024.02±624.90 u/ml)(P0.05),but there was a significant correlation(r=0.975).The MP IgM antibody of venous can be estimated by the equation:1.068×terminal blood+46.Conclusion: It is feasible to detect MP IgM antibody with terminal blood.


Introduction : autoimmune diabetes mellitus (ADM) and celiac disease (CD) are chronic, polygenic and multifactorial diseases associated with immune system dysfunction. As it is frequent that a patient presents both pathologies, the simultaneous detection of autoimmunity markers of ADM and CD would be a rational strategy to improve the diagnosis. Objectives : to develop an immunoassay based on Flow Cytometry (FloCMIA multiplex) for the simultaneous and discriminative detection of markers for ADM (GADA and IA-2A) and CD (tTgA). Materials and methods : thirty five serum samples of control individuals and 21 type 1 DM patients were assayed. A "double bridge" model was used for the assay, incubating the serum samples with a mixture of microspheres containing different amount of internal fluorescence, each one adsorbed with an autoantigen: TrxGAD, TrxIA-2 or H 6 tTg, and a mixture of the same biotinilated autoantigens. The immunocomplexes were detected using streptavidin-phycoerytrin and then acquired in a flow cytometer. Conclusions : FloCMIA multiplex allowed detecting and discriminating GADA, IA-2A and/or tTgA, -in a single assay- in serum samples of ADM and/or CD. The novel developed immunoassay simplifies the screening of the large scale population.


The current text based XML document systems are editing text and don't perform syntax check. As a result, the validity of an edited XML document can't be decided it is well-formed or valid until it is parsed. This paper describes a design and implementation of the syntax-directed editing system for XML documents. Because this is tree-based system, it is easy to extend XML document. And this system is designed to validate XML documents in real-time, It is expected that this paper contributes XML related application developments.


The relative soil water content and some drought resistance indexes including leaf water potential,proline content and soluble protein content were employed for studying the effect of spraying leaves with three different molecular weight(Mw3 000;3 000Mw5 000;5 000Mw10 000) oligochitosan with concentration of 50 mg/L on drought resistance of sugarcane.The result showed that oligochitosan can delay the decrease of water potential,proline content and soluble protein content under drought stress,which implies that oligochitosan has a potential for drought-resistant modulation.


Background Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common subtype of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL) accounting for approximately 30% of newly diagnosed casesi. DLBCL is an aggressive form of NHL and without treatment, median survival estimates are <1 year.ii Rituximab in combination with CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone) is recommended first-line therapy for DLBCL patients and has been shown to improve overall survival compared with CHOP alone (previous standard therapy).iii In addition, published evidence suggests that receipt of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) may improve outcomes among patients who initiate CHOP-based therapy.iv

It is unclear whether differences in treatment and outcomes exist among cancer patients by site where care is delivered. This study examines differences in treatment patterns, health care resource use and costs among DLBCL patients receiving rituximab (R) or R+ chemotherapy in the office/clinic (OC) setting vs. the hospital outpatient (HOSP) setting.

Methods This retrospective study used medical and pharmacy claims (1/2007 - 7/2012) from a national US commercial health plan to identify patients at least18 years old with ≥2claims for R. Patients were required to have evidence of DLBCL (≥1 claim with ICD-9-CM 200.78 or ≥2 claims with unique diagnosis codes from ICD-9-CM 200.70 to 200.77) and be enrolled in the health plan for ≥6 months before and after the index date (date of the first R claim). The follow-up period, that is, the episode of care (EOC), was the date of the first R infusion through 30 days after the last infusion prior to a gap in R administration of at least 7 months; those with less than 6 months of follow-up due to death were included. Patients with multiple cancers or receipt of R at both the OC and HOSP setting during the EOC were excluded. Differences in number of infusions, receipt G-CSF, healthcare utilization and per-patient per-month (PPPM) health care costs by cohort were examined.

Results A total of 491 patients were identified, 65% OC (n=320) and 35% HOSP (n=171): by insurance type, 140 Medicare Advantage patients, 39% HOSP and 351 commercially insured patients, 33% HOSP. From 2007 to 2011/2012, the percentage of patients in HOSP increased from 32% to 43%.

Descriptive results are shown in the [Table][1]. The cohorts had similar mean age, baseline Charlson comorbidity index scores and similar EOC lengths. However, compared to the OC cohort, the HOSP cohort had fewer infusions during the EOC and fewer infusions per month. In addition, fewer HOSP patients had evidence of combination therapy and receipt of any G-CSF during the EOC. HOSP patients also had significantly higher rates of emergency room visits, but not hospitalizations compared to OC patients. Total PPPM costs during the EOC as well as average costs of anti-cancer systemic therapy drugs plus administration costs incurred on days of rituximab infusions were significantly higher among the HOSP cohort compared to the OC cohort.

View this table:

Conclusions Increasing proportions of DLBCL patients receive infusions in the HOSP setting. HOSP patients had fewer infusions per month and incurred greater costs on the day of infusion compared to the OC cohort. There were fewer patients in HOSP with evidence of G-CSF during the EOC compared to OC patients. Overall, total PPPM costs were higher among the HOSP cohort compared to the OC cohort. Future research is warranted to assess the impact of these differences on clinical outcomes by site of care.

[i] Armitage et al. JCO 1998;16(8):2780-95

[ii] Mey et al. Swiss Med Wkl y 2012;140:w13511

[iii] NCCN Guidelines Version 1.2013 Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma

[iv] Donnelly, et al, Leuk Lymphoma. 2000;39(1-2):67-75

Disclosures: Reyes: Genentech, inc: Employment, Equity Ownership. Dacosta Byfield: Genentech, Inc: Genentech contracted with OptumInsight to conducting the work described in the abstract. Stacey is employed at Optum but did not receive funds directly from Genentech and employment is not contingent on work with Genentech., Genentech contracted with OptumInsight to conducting the work described in the abstract. Stacey is employed at Optum but did not receive funds directly from Genentech and employment is not contingent on work with Genentech. Other; OptumInsight: Employment. Becker: Genentech, Inc: Genentech contracted with OptumInsight to conducting the work described in the abstract. Laura is employed at Optum but did not receive funds directly from Genentech and employment is not contingent on work with Genentech., Genentech contracted with OptumInsight to conducting the work described in the abstract. Laura is employed at Optum but did not receive funds directly from Genentech and employment is not contingent on work with Genentech. Other; OptumInsight: Employment. Small: Genentech, Inc: Employment, Equity Ownership.

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The species Microtoena coreana has long been extremely doubtful. This species is endemic to South Korea, and only the holotype has been collected. The author, who described this species as new, placed it into the genus Microtoena without confidence. Some taxonomists even considered that it might belong to another genus instead of Microtoena . However, no conclusion has been achieved. In the present study, the holotype of Microtoena coreana was found and carefully examined. This holotype possesses 5-lobed corolla, broadly campanulate calyxes, and long-exserted stamens, which make it distinct from all the other species of Microtoena . The results of examination on a large number of specimens and statistical analysis of multiple characters clearly show that the holotype of Microtoena coreana is an element of Tripora divaricata (= Caryopteris divaricata ). Therefore, the name Microtoena coreana is here excluded from the genus Microtoena , and is reduce to a synonym of Tripora divaricata . In addition, the lectotype of Tripora divaricata is designated in the present article.


Plant tissue culture is a reliable tool for conservation and multiplication of many plants, including medicinal plants. Tecomella undulata (Roxb.) Seem. is a plant native to tropical regions such as Iran, India and Pakistan; this precious plant which contains lapachol (a strong antiseptic used against jaundice) is an endangered species, therefore its conservation is of prime importance. The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of silver nanoparticles (SNPs) at concentrations ranging from 5 to 80 mg l-1 alone or combined with 6-benzyl-amino-purine (BAP) and indoleacetic acid (IAA) on growth properties of T. undulata in aseptic condition. Thidiazuron (TDZ) at concentrations from 0.001 to 20 mg l-1 was used in proliferation medium of T. undulata single nodes; combinations of BAP (from 0.3 to 1.2 mg l-1), and 2,4-dichloro-phenoxy-acetic acid (2,4-D, 0.2 and 0.4 mg l-1) were also used in callus production and in indirect bud regeneration media. Explants were surface sterilized using 10% Clorox for 7-8 minutes. Results indicated that adding of SNPs in MS medium increased the mean number of fresh shoots per explants (MNFS/E), the percentage of explants producing shoots (PEPS) and also plant survival, due to its action on ethylene blockage. TDZ at the concentration of 0.1 mg l-1 increased bud proliferation up to two buds per explants, however higher concentration inhibited growth and in some cases caused death of the explants.


This work deal with tourism in village Jicin. Theory of tourism and general characteristic of the region are parts of work too. This work contains description and evaluation of current situation and suggestion to future. Target is creating comprehensive view on tourism in Jicin region.


The aim of the study was to describe the activities that 75-year-old men and women indicate as most important and to reveal why they find them important. The data were derived from a cross-sectional study of 748 Danish 75-year-old men and women, born in 1914. The people were interviewed at home by means of a questionnaire. The most important activity was revealed by an open-ended question: what is your most important activity? The answers were classified into three qualities: type, site and social relations. The participants were asked if the activity was important because it gave enjoyment, self-confidence, challenges, company, cooperation, usefulness, new skills and/or new experiences. A majority of the participants reported physical and individual activities as the most important and the reasons given by most participants for stating their activity as most important were work enjoyment and usefulness. It was concluded that attention should be paid to older people's possibilities for having important activities.


In the article the software of university's quality management system support, and the software of quality management system's documentation management are described. The software was developed by the authors.


Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common and deadliest forms of cancer, accounting for nearly 10% of all forms of cancer in the world. Even though colonoscopy is considered the most effective method for screening and diagnosis, the success of the procedure is highly dependent on the operator skills and level of hand-eye coordination. In this work, we propose to adapt fully convolution neural networks (FCN), to identify and segment polyps in colonoscopy images. We converted three established networks into a fully convolution architecture and fine-tuned their learned representations to the polyp segmentation task. We validate our framework on the 2015 MICCAI polyp detection challenge dataset, surpassing the state-of-the-art in automated polyp detection. Our method obtained high segmentation accuracy and a detection precision and recall of 73.61% and 86.31%, respectively.


The possibility of reconciliation between the two Koreas and a potential change of the political regime in North Korea raises the question of the urban futures of North Korean cities, which at the moment serve as a stage for power consolidation through the monumental propaganda of the present regime. This paper examines an urban design project that imagines urban future of Pyongyang in 2050 and its colossal socialist era monuments after an assumed unification. Instead of erasing the socialist past of the city by removing the existing monuments (which was the practice in other socialist countries), this project proposes adding new layers of monuments that would represent and commemorate the new political and economic realities of 'unification,' and at the same time preserve the identity and legibility of the city. This alternative strategy was made possible by combining design thinking with the scenario technique utilized in Future Studies. Within the framework of the established scenario and politico-economic circumstances it compels, the method of writing History of the future was developed as a tool for envisioning an urban reality of 2050 Pyongyang, from which the Grid of Moments project would arise. The resulting project, conceived within the fictional story, allows historical and future ideologies, represented by the historical and new monuments, to coexist in Pyongyang through concurrent and respective acknowledgement. In this way, the role of architecture is shifted from serving the political regime towards acting as a social critique, as well as inducing a social transformation. These thought strategies were enabled by approaching design through scenario and storytelling method developed within it, as it left space for more imagination and creativity, and introduced a degree of objectivity to the design process by allowing different ideologies to be considered.


Provided in embodiments of the present invention are a method, device, and system for carrier conversion. The method comprises: a base station transmits to a UE of a present cell a carrier conversion indication message to indicate to the UE via the carrier conversion indication message that a carrier type of the present cell is about to be changed; and, the base station converts the carrier type and modifies a content and/or transmission mode of corresponding system information and a sequence and/or transmission mode of common signals. The method for carrier conversion of the embodiments of the present invention gives improved play to advantages of BCT and NCT and implements smooth transition for a carrier service user.


In the days and months following the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election, everyone from peers to public figures like the President and the Pope called for unity and dialogue among diverse Americans. However, social and geographic barriers often prevent citizens from engaging in political conversations with those who have different perspectives. This brief paper explores the design of political discussions and introduces a variant of the Talkabout discussion platform to support synchronous, online small-group discussions about politics with diverse citizens. We share learnings from an initial deployment shortly after the 2016 U.S. Election and discuss opportunities for systems to support political dialogue.


Utilitarianism approach in ethical decision making emphasizes on the great consequences of the decision outcomes to the majority of the stakeholders. This is part of the ethical and social responsibilities of entrepreneurs. The utilitarianism ethical conscience reminds entrepreneurs to make trustworthy and profitable entrepreneurship decisions that are acceptable by the stakeholders. The study used personal interview technique with open ended interview questions to obtain the views of 20 entrepreneurs regarding the practice of utilitarianism approach in ethics and social responsibility. The findings showed that one thirds of the entrepreneurs perceived that the practice of utilitarianism approach in ethics and social responsibility is acceptable as a concept or thought, but in practice it is almost impossible due to the strong influence of external factors. The study proposed that future research to use personal interview and self administered survey with more small business owners from other major cities.


This report is designed to provide staff in the UK's country conservation agencies with a summary of scientific thinking and technical information about peat bog ecosystems. It is a source of information which should, for example, prove useful when preparing site citations, drawing up management plans, preparing cases for site protection, and for a range of other activities where some additional explanation or technical back up can be of assistance. It is a personal view of published studies and current thinking about mire ecology, a subject on which it is difficult to obtain a consensus.


Fixed metaphase chromosomes and isolated genomic DNA of the ant Tapinoma nigerrimum were treated with the restriction endonucleases EcoRI, Hue111 and Tru91. EcoRI and HaeIII induced a banding pattern similar to G-banding, whereas Tru9I induced a C-band-like pattern. There is only a partial accord between the action of these enzymes on isolated genomic DNA and on DNA in fixed chromosomes. Our results indicate that the presence of target sequences along the chromosomes is necessary but not sufficient to produce chromosome bands. The chromosomal organisation also seems to be important in producing longitudinal differentiation on chromosomes.


To quantify health service utilization including assessment, monitoring, and treatment of respiratory complications of children with neuromuscular disease (NMD), identifying practice variation and adherence to guideline recommendations at a population level.


This study uses covenant violations to provide evidence on how firms make disclosure decisions in the presence of enhanced bank monitoring. Using a regression discontinuity design, I find that firms reduce disclosure following covenant violations. A series of analyses suggest that part of this decline in disclosure reflects a delegation of monitoring to banks by shareholders who consequently demand less disclosure.


. 1952. A new fossil tortoise from Mona Island, West Indies, and a tentative arrangement of the tortoises of the world. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 99:541-560. WOLFE, J. A. 1971. Tertiary climatic fluctuations and methods of analysis of Tertiary floras. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatol., Palaeoecol. 9:27-57. , AND D. M. HOPKINS. 1967. Climatic changes recorded by land floras in northwestern North America, p. 67-76. In: Tertiary correlations and climatic changes in the Pacific, 11th Pac. Sci. Congr.


Though Monilia albicans and Monilia Candida have so far been shown to give the same serological reactions, 1 nevertheless in disagreement with Stone and Garrod's conclusion, 2 we consider 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 that there are sufficient cultural, biochemical, and pathogenic differences to justify placing the organisms in 2 different species. A prominent difference is the coagulation of milk by M. albicans in striking contrast to M. candida's inability. The purpose of this study was to determine the conditions under which coagulation occurred and to see if in all cases a constant, definite difference in the species was observable. In addition, another objective was to demonstrate that the rennet-like coagulation of the albicans type is probably distinct from the adherent mat or mycelial pad formation of M. candida which produces a pseudo-coagulative effect. In the work with coagulation the procedure for the preparation of the calcium-lactate milk medium is that formerly described. 3 While it was found that coagulation could readily be accomplished through the use of any of the M. albicans cultures themselves yet the utilization of an extract from that species would permit a better comparison of clotting results with commercial rennin. Now in order to perform experiments with extracting agents it was necessary to obtain a heavy cell yield, and for this purpose large Blake bottles containing Trommer's malt-extract agar were used. After several extracting agents had been employed without marked success, sterile distilled water in 20 to 25 cc. portions per Blake bottle was used to wash down the growth. The suspension, kept at room temperature, was shaken at intervals and centrifuged at the end of a week.


Time-resolved optical-emission spectroscopy measurements are used to evaluate plasma density in an interference switch during the extraction of a nanosecond output pulse from a high-power microwave compressor. The compressor represents a resonant cavity connected to an H-plane waveguide tee with a shorted side arm filled with helium at a pressure of ; the plasma discharge in the tee side arm is triggered by a Surelite laser. A nanosecond-scale dynamics of the plasma density is obtained by analyzing the shape of the helium spectral lines. The analysis of the experimental data evidences a correlation between the rise time of the plasma density and the peak power of the microwave output pulse. Numerical simulations of the microwave energy release from the cavity with the appearance of the plasma yield results in good agreement with the measured output pulse peak power and waveform.


This paper analyses China's situation of development of the railway logistics from many of perspective firstly,then puts forward the problem needed to solve on the railway development of the logistics and gives the appropriate response to solve the problems,finally,the paper gives the trend of development of China's railway logistics scientifically.


Due to the inability of remote sensing satellites to monitor avalanches in real time, this study focuses on the glaciers in the rear edge of Jialongcuo, Tibet, and uses infrasound sensors to conduct real-time monitoring of ice avalanches. The following conclusions are drawn: (1) In terms of waveform, compared to background noise, ice avalanche events have a slight left deviation and a slightly steep shape; compared to wind, rain, and floods events, ice avalanche events have less obvious kurtosis and skewness. (2) In terms of frequency distribution, the infrasound frequency generated by ice avalanche events is mainly distributed in the range of 1.5 Hz to 9.5 Hz; compared to other events, ice avalanche events differ some in frequency characteristics. (3) The model based on information entropy and marginal spectral frequency distribution characteristics of infrasound have higher accuracy in signal classification and recognition, as they can better represent the differences between infrasound signals of different events than other features. (4) Compared with the K-nearest neighbor algorithm and classification tree algorithm, the support vector machine and BP (Back Propagation) neural network algorithm are more suitable for identifying infrasound signals in the Jialongcuo ice avalanche. The research results can provide theoretical support for the application of infrasound-based ice avalanche monitoring technology.


Author(s): Bedard, Kelly | Abstract: School starting age/date rules mean that there is a continuum of ages within each starting class – with the "oldest" children being approximately twenty percent older than the "youngest" children at school entry. We provide substantial evidence that these initial maturity differences have long lasting effects on student performance across OECD countries. In particular, the oldest students score 3-14 percentiles higher than the youngest students in grade four, and 3-9 percentiles higher in grade eight, depending upon the country. In fact, data from Zealand shows that the oldest children are even more likely to complete college. Taken together, these findings point to important early relative maturity effects that propagate themselves into adulthood through the structure of education systems.


The breakup of continents and creation of new oceans is a fundamental yet poorly understood plate tectonic process. It is essential not only in terms of fundamental Earth Sciences because it results in the formation of new plate boundaries and ocean basins, but it also has a major social impact, as it will create places of high natural hazards. Its study is yet challenging because most of the ancient margins where breakup occurred are obscured with thick piles of sediments and/or located under deep water. Among still debated topics the rift initiation and the driving forces are burning questions: What controls the strain location? How does the breakup interact with mantle heterogeneities such as plumes and inherited lithospheric fabrics? How do the forces exerted by far-field and mantle processes change during rift evolution? Particularly, the interactions between deep (mantle) and superficial (crustal) processes are controversial and topical subjects. The French project ColiBrea proposes to acquire new field, geophysical, geochemical and petrophysical data in a rifting inception place, the Tanzania rift, to constrain and test 2D and 3D models of continental lithospheric extension associated with repeated episodes of magma intrusion. This combination of data acquisition, novel inversions and models will allow to: (1) map the spatial distribution of strain in space and time using geophysical and geodetic methods; (2) constrain crust and upper mantle structure; (3) characterize the chemistry and spatial distribution of crustal fluids and magma; (4) quantify the volume of magma intruded into the crust through seismic data interpretation combined with InSAR, and (5) distinguish the role of the different processes involved in continental rifting through numerical modelling. The first stage of the project was carried out early this year with a field experiment combining seismological stations installed for 1 years and a series of co-located magnetotelluric (MT) soundings. Further work includes gravity and GPS surveys of the studied area. In this presentation we present the ColiBrea project and report on the preliminary results from the MT experiment. Horizontal flow zone between up-welling and down-welling of the mantle convection, which occupies large portion of the ocean floor, is thought to represent "normal" mantle that is away from tectonic activities. The research group of Normal Oceanic Mantle Project consists of researchers in Earthquake Research Institute (ERI), University of Tokyo, and Institute for Research on Earth Evolution (IFREE), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) have investigated normal oceanic mantle by means of marine geophysical observations to elucidate two fundamental questions of the Earth Science; 1) What is the physical condition for the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary (LAB)? 2) Is the mantle transition zone (MTZ) a major water reservoir of the Earth? We set the target field to two areas, which are northwest (area A) and southeast (area B) of Shatsky Rise in northwestern Pacific, and have carried out seafloor electromagnetic (EM) surveys using ocean bottom electromagnetome-ters (OBEMs) and electric field observation systems (EFOSs) since 2010. In this presentation, we introduce preliminary result for the estimation of electrical conductivity structure beneath the area A obtained by the data acquired in the pilot survey during June 2010 and August 2012. The raw time series obtained by the OBEMs at four sites were processed to obtain magnetotelluric (MT) impedance tensor at each site. The MT responses were estimated accurately in the period range from 160 to 122,880 seconds. We first estimated one-dimensional (1-D) conductivity structure model which explains the data of all sites averagely correcting topographic effect on the observed MT responses, as we applied to the previous study for the Philippine Sea and off Bonin Trench in the Pacific Ocean (Baba et al., 2010). The obtained 1-D model shows the resistive upper layer and underling conductive zone, indicating cool oceanic lithosphere and asthenosphere, respectively. Although this kind of feature is common for oceanic upper mantle, there are some differences between the obtained models in this study and the previous study for off-Bonin Trench (Hereafter, we refer it area C). The thickness of the resistive layer is about 150 km, which is thinner than that beneath the area C (˜200 km). The conductivity value of the asthenospheric mantle is 0.03-0.1 S/m, which is slightly higher than that for the area C. The seafloor ages are about 130 Ma and 140-155 Ma for the area A and C, respectively. However, the 10-15 Ma difference for old mantle is not likely to produce such difference in conductivity structure. The MT responses predicted from the surface heterogeneity over the 1-D mantle structure fit the observed MT responses imperfectly, especially in terms of splitting between xy and yx elements. This fact suggests that the mantle is laterally heterogeneous and/or anisotropic. These issues should be investigated in the future analysis. Also, we will collect further data in area A and B, and analyze all available data in more detail to achieve the desired purposes. The Yamasaki Fault System (YFS) of southwest Japan is a typical strike-slip fault system. The system consists of the Nagisen fault, the main part of the YSF, and the Kusatani fault. The main part of the YFS extends over 80 km and its general trend is WNW-ESE. It can be grouped into the southeast active faults group (Biwako and Miki faults) and the northwest active faults group (Ohara, Hijima, Yasutomi, and Kuresaka-touge faults) according to rrecent fault activity. The latter one bifurcated to the Yasutomi and Kuresaka-touge faults at the eastern end of the Hijima fault . Hyogo (2001) reported that the Yasutomi fault is main one and the Kuresaka-touge fault is a secondary one. In this paper, we present a two-dimensional conductivity model along three transects (W-, C-, and E-line) across these two faults and discuss relationship between fault activity and subsurface fault structure beneath the two faults. Audio-frequency magnetotelluric (AMT) surveys were made at 11 points along the W- and C-lines respectively, and 12 points along the E-line. MT responses of the frequency range between 10000 - ˜10 Hz were obtained at each station, using remote refer-ence processing (Gamble et al., 1979). We determined dimensionality and strike direction of each line by Phase Tensor analysis (Caldwell et al., 2004). As a result, all of the lines were determined to have dominant two-dimensional nature. The apparent resistivity and phase for both TM and TE modes were inverted simultaneously using the code of Ogawa and Uchida (1996). Strong conductive zones are recognized benaeth a surface trace of the Yasutomi fault along the W- and C-lines between 2 4km in depth, which are located on the north to the surface trace of the Yasutomi fault. Along the C-line this conductive zone slightly extends to the south of the surface trace of the fault. Beneath a surface trace of the Kuresaka-touge fault, characteristic weak conductive zones are recognized between 0.5 - 2 km in depth along three transects. Conductivity of the zones decreases to eastward. We interpret that this feature is caused by decreasing fractures in the damage zone beneath the Kuresaka-touge fault to eastward. This idea is supported by surface feature of the Kuresaka-touge fault. One is horsetail spray structure which is one of the characteristic structure of the tip damage zone is recognized in the eastern half of the fault. Another ones is the proposal of Nakata et al. (1998). They proposed that fault rupture propagates to the end of branching fault, in our case, from west to east. Finally, we interpreted that different conductivity feature between the Yasutomi fault and the Kuresaka-touge fault is caused by different activity of the the two faults as pointed by Hyogo (2001). A magnetotteluric (MT) survey was performed in the Ishikari lowland region in order to clarify the distribution of fluids beneath the Ishikari-Teichi-Toen active fault zone (ITFZ), which is regarded as the most hazardous inland fault zone in northern Japan. Four components of impedance tensor and two components of magnetic transfer function at 16 frequencies between 40 and 0.00012 Hz at 50 measurement stations were inverted to a 3-D resistivity structure with the aid of the WSINV3DMT code. The inverted structure showed at the shallower part that the conductive layer ( < 10 ohm-m) corresponding to sediments beneath the lowland lies from the surface down to 7 km deep. The resistivity below 7 km shows a regional boundary between the western-northern and southwestern parts. The conductor is found along the ITFZ beneath this boundary in the middle crust. We interpreted this conductor to be a fluid rich zone, acting as a dynamically weakened zone. The conductive body is also found beneath the Shikotsu caldera, implying magmatic fluids ascending from the mantle or a region of partial melt. Long term variation of geomagnetic Sq field amplitudes in the Y (Sq(Y)) and Z (Sq(Z)) components at some observatories and the ratio of Sq(Z)/Sq(Y) was studied. Although the varation of both Sq (Y)and Sq (Z) can be basically explained by the solar activity effect, especially varation of Sq (Z) is affetced by the induced current in the Earth, and may be dirrent for each observatory. For example, at Honolulu, although Sq (Y) was increasing through the whole period mostly, Sq (Z) decreased around 1960, Sq(Z)/Sq (Y) fell about to 0.55 from about 0.65. This is a feature peculiar to Honolulu and is considered to be due to the relocation of the observatory in 1960 to have influenced Sq (Z). Although Sq(Z)/Sq (Y) of Kanozan is almost the same as Kakioka reflecting geographical nearness, the ratio becomes alrger at Kanoza than at Kakioka around 1975-1990about all the seasons. This suggests that ele


Health management is very important in protecting and improving the health level of the society. Scientific methods should be used in the management process in order to be successful in health management. For this reason, management approaches that emerged to increase efficiency and productivity in management and called modern management approaches should also be applied in health management. Because adopting a modern and scientific management style is possible with applying contemporary management approaches in health management. The aim of this study is to give information about contemporary management approaches that should be applied in health management and to discuss the place and importance of these approaches in terms of health management. In this context, total quality management, performance management and meeting management will be evaluated in terms of representing contemporary management approaches in health management.


The MIT Global Supply Chain and Logistics Excellence (SCALE) Network is an international alliance of leading-edge research and education centers, dedicated to the development and dissemination of global innovation in supply chain and logistics. The Global SCALE Network allows faculty, researchers, students, and affiliated companies from all six centers around the world to pool their expertise and collaborate on projects that will create supply chain and logistics innovations with global applications. This reprint is intended to communicate research results of innovative supply chain research completed by faculty, researchers, and students of the Global SCALE Network, thereby contributing to the greater public knowledge about supply chains. 1. KPI Design: Five KPI limitations, which affect the final stability performance, are caused by the design of the KPI, not by the performance of the process. 2. Demand and Supply Plan Stability Relationship: Based on the data evaluated, there is no strong relationship as expected between the demand plan stability and the supply plan stability performance. 3. Root Cause Analysis: Using the root cause and sensitivity analysis, we achieve improvements and countermeasures, which can be implemented by the company and by other industries.


The works of the Greek Fathers appear at the beginning of the 16th century in editions in the original language having up to that time been only partially available by means of Latin translations. Overseen by eminent humanists such as Erasmus for example, these editions are an indication of the growing interest of the Republic of Letters in patristic sources, the foundation of a renewal of faith and of a rebirth of eloquence in the Christian world. A close study of several editions of the two Greek Fathers St John Chrysostom and St Basil, who were amongst the favourite authors of the Renaissance, give some indication of the motives which inspired publishers and readers of patristic works. The putting together of huge editions aiming on the one hand at completeness, and on the other at the circulation of texts in a handier format for the university and the educated public, as sensitive to the rhetoric as they were to the evangelical message of patristic works, demonstrates the preoccupations of the two worlds which lived side by side in the Europe of the Renaissance. Against the specialists, traditional theologians who were the natural public for editions of the Greek Fathers in the original language, was set the world of Christian humanism, capable of a more aesthetic approach to patristic works.


Speed, or speeding, has been identified as a major factor in the occurrence and severity of road crashes. Studies overseas have revealed that speed is a factor in about 37 percent of fatal crashes, while in Australia investigations have estimated that speed was a contributing factor in about 30 percent of all fatal crashes. Further research has also revealed that a large proportion of these crashes occurred on residential streets. A major study that evaluated the introduction of the 50 km/h urban speed limit, in NSW, was recently concluded. The study, undertaken by ARRB TR for the Roads and Traffic Authority of NSW, was the largest of its kind in Australia. The study, which lasted two years, found that major reductions in road crashes (23 percent) were achieved on residential streets, where the lower limit was introduced. The study also found that the proportion of motorists travelling at excessive speed also fell dramatically on streets re-zoned to 50 km/h. For example, the percentage of motorists travelling at greater than 60 km/h fell from 38 percent to 16 percent, after implementation of the 50 km/h speed limit. During the course of the study community attitudes were also monitored. The monitoring of attitudes revealed strong and growing support of the 50 km/h lower urban speed limit, that is, 68 percent support before the introduction, increasing to 75 percent following introduction. The knowledge gained from this major investigation, and experience gained overseas, provides a compelling case for the general introduction across Australia of a lower 50km/h speed limit. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E205914.


ABSTRACT In this paper, data from a Beer Game simulation have been used to investigate whether education on the inventory theory makes a difference, in terms of inventory planning performance. The data from the present experiment show that education on models that are difficult to apply to the Beer Game do in fact make a difference, since education increases a planner's ability to keep orders relatively constant, and to match supply with demand. The analyses show that the inventory theory matters, even when it cannot be used directly.


Enriched Methanosarcina magnification was conducted using lab enriched Methonasarcina concentrate as inoculum in 10L anaerobic reactor, and the magnification concentrate containing Methanosarcina of 2.31010/mL was obtained. Cross-over experiment was designed with bead-forming capacity, sedimentation behavior on the period of time of the high methane production, methane-producing ability, and lifetime of immobilized granules as targets to select the optimum proportion of the mixed entrapment carrier P8A1F40. The immobilized Methanosarcina prepared with P8A1F40 technique formed bead easily, and possessed high methane productivity, good methane loss and sedimentation, rather high machine strength (not expansive and sticky in fermentation process) and rather long lifetime.


In this work, a mathematical model for investigating the fitting of self-suspension Below Knee (BK) prosthesis was attempted. The model is based on linkage kinematic and kinetics analysis of the residual limb segments as well as the stresses analysis at the stamp-socket interfacing. The prosthesis socket and the residual limb are approximated as combined two thick cylinders with shrinkage at interface. Lames equations of hoop and longitudinal stresses are applied with specific boundary conditions. The main parameters investigated in this model are; locomotive speed, swing phase of gait cycle, socket material, skin status and prosthesis weight. A map is constructed to investigate the effect of these parameters on prosthesis suspension fitting. The theoretical results are checked experimentally by using force platform and treadmill tests. A patient wearing BK prosthesis is participate in the experiments. KINOVA video analysis program is used for analyzing gait cycle. MATLAB Rb2013a program is used for solving the theoretical equations and plotting the results. It was found that; the suspension of the socket decrease as the walking speed increase within 1.5 to 12 m/s, skin sweating and dirty reduces the suspension force and increasing the risk of socket slippage, The more dangerous region of slip in socket occurs at midswing for the most of walking speeds and increasing the shrinkage fitting increase the suspension action. Copyright © 2018 International Energy and Environment Foundation All rights reserved.


Highly substituted 1,5-diketones have been synthesized in water via the reactions between aryl methyl ketones and aldehydes and the subsequent dimerizations. The reaction was catalyzed by aqueous KOH. The advantages of these aqueous reactions over organic-solvent mediated reactions are better yields, better diastereoselectivities, faster reaction rates, simpler workups, and being more energy efficient. The reaction can be scaled up to 13.9 gram scale and the aqueous KOH can be reused for five cycles. A possible mechanism is proposed to explain the high diastereoselectivities.


This report looks at 15 different indicators of United States energy efficiency and whether progress in efficiency has been made over the past year. Data was collected from sources, such as, the Department of Transportation, the International Energy Agency, and the Energy Information Administration and compared to the previous year. Tables present the indicators, a description, the status, and results. Areas of improvement include state energy efficiency programs, fuel economy standards, appliance standards, building codes, energy use reductions in residential buildings, energy productivity, and greenhouse gas emissions reductions. Eight indicators show little to no improvement.


Introduction. Maxillary first molars have shown substantial dissimilarity
 regarding their number of roots, canals and morphology. Most commonly, it has
 three roots and four canals, two mesiobuccal, one distobuccal and one palatal
 canal. The incidence of second mesiobuccal canal has been reported between
 18% and 96.1% while the incidence of two distobuccal canals was found in
 1.64% to 9.50% of cases. Periapical (PA) radiography has been commonly used
 to determine root canal anatomy even though it is two-dimensional
 representation of a three-dimensional object. Advanced diagnostic methods as
 spiral computed tomography (SCT) provide three-dimensional images useful to
 determine complex canal morphology. Case Report. A 31-year-old male patient
 was referred for endodontic treatment of the maxillary right first molar.
 Endodontic access cavity revealed two canal openings in each of the
 mesiobuccal and distobuccal roots and one canal in the palatal root later
 confirmed using the SCT and conventional PA radiography. The canals were
 instrumented using crown down technique with ProTaper NiTi rotary files.
 Obturation was performed using single gutta-percha cone and AH Plus paste.
 The patient remained asymptomatic during the regular checkups. Conclusion.
 Knowledge, detection and management of complex canal anatomy is of the
 foremost importance in endodontics since missed canals are one of well
 recognised reasons for endodontic treatment failure.


The reactions of 3-(3-aryl1 H-pyrazol-5-yl)-4-amino-5mercapto-sl ,2,4-triazoles 2a-d with various reagents like mono chloroacetic acid 3a-d, benzoin 4a-d, carbon disulphide 5a-d and phenacyl bromide 6a-d are described. The starting material, the 1 ,2,4triazoles 2a-d have been prepared from 3-aryl pyrazol-5carbohydrazides la-d.The products have been characterized on the basis of elemental analysis, IR and IH NMR spectral data. All the newly synthesised compounds have been screened for antimi crobial activity against bacteria S. aureus, S. typhi, S. dysenteriae, P. vulgaris, P. mirabilis, B. subtilis and K. pneumoniae.


The purpose of this study was to interrogate the motivations of sport for development and peace (SDP) practitioners for initially becoming involved in the field and to better understand their involvement over time. Specifically, this study aimed to identify key characteristics and motives of practitioners to gain further understanding of the implementation, execution, and approach of SDP programs and whether or not evangelical rhetoric and neocolonialism were reflected in these approaches. Findings revealed that practitioners were initially motivated by love of sport, the desire to make a difference in the world, and to seek out new experiences. Practitioners stayed involved over time due to fulfillment and satisfaction with their work and the continued desire to make a difference. While many practitioners had moved past evangelical rhetoric and neocolonialism, evangelical rhetoric was still reflective in just less than half of the motivations of practitioners from higher-income countries (HIC) and lower to middle income countries, while 40 percent of participants primarily from HIC reflected a neocolonial approach in their motives. Implications for theory and SDP policy are illuminated.


Light quark masses are important fundamental parameters of the Standard Model. The decays 0 ! J/ � 0 (�) were widely used in determining the light quark mass ratio mu/md. However, there is a large discrepancy between the resulting value of mu/md and the one determined from the light pseudoscalar meson masses. Using the technique of non-relativistic effective field theory, we show that i ntermediate charmed meson loops lead to a sizeable contribution to the decays and hence make the 0 ! J/ � 0 (�) decays not suitable for a precise extraction of the light quark mass ratio.


If your life depended on a student's successful learning and you could prescribe excellence in only one school variable, on which one would you bet your life? School organization? School building? A particular program? Books? Materials? Pupil-teacher ratio? Classmates? Amount of money spent? Or the teacher? The majority of answers to that question would result, without any hesitation, in a loud chorus of, "Teacher!" Yet we continue to spend millions of dollars on those things we don't believe have as telling an impact, and we invest only minimally in the deliberate development of the professional that is our greatest educational asset.


Math difficulties (MD) occur in about 3-7% of children. To date, findings about the role of working memory in MD have been conflicting. The Automated Working Memory Assessment Battery (AWMA) was used to investigate which component of Baddeley and Hitch's model of working memory was most related to math calculation skills in elementary-school children. Participants were 94 (52 male) children (M age = 9 years 1 month; Range = 6 years 0 months to 11 years 8 months). As hypothesized, math calculation scores were correlated with all four working memory components (phonological loop, visuospatial sketchpad, verbal and visuospatial central executive), but in a regression analysis, the visuospatial sketchpad (along with phonological processing) explained the most variance in math calculation scores. Short-term visuospatial memory should be assessed in children having difficulty with math and visuospatial strategies should be employed in the teaching of math calculation skills.


Objective:To study the improvement of strength and toughness by add SiO 2 nanometer grain to PMMA base plate.Methods:Using Insitu polymerization method,add SiO 2 nanometer grain to MMA and finally prepare different concentration of(PMMA/SiO 2 )nanometer composite material of denture base plate.To classify and compare the data of bendˉing strength and tension strength of the base plate material.Proper statistic method has been adopted to analyze the data.Results:The result shows that the bending strength and tension strength of(PMMA/SiO 2 )denture base plate material(0.25g‰mlSiO 2 )group is not obviously changing than normal group(P0.05).But the bending strength and tension strength of(PMMA/SiO 2 )denture base plate material(0.50g‰ml?0.75g‰ml?1.00g‰ml SiO 2 )group are obviously improving than normal group(P0.05).Conclusion:The bending strength and tension strength can be improved than traditional denture base plate by add SiO 2 nanometer grain to PMMA.


Preaching is one of the obligations for Muslims. There are various ways to preach or convey Islamic teachings in accordance with the Qur'an and As-Sunnah. One of them is the contemporary method, namely by using and following current technological developments, one of which is the bil-qalam media or written media such as literary works in the form of novels.
            One of them is the novel Second Wives by Asma Nadia and Isa Alamsyah which tells the true story of polygamous marriage and the consequences of being a second woman. In addition, there are also da'wah messages that can be used as lessons for life in the future.
            This study uses a qualitative research method with Roland Barthes' Semiotics approach. The source of this research data comes from primary data obtained from the print of the novel Second Wife with data collection techniques in the form of observation, collecting and documentation. The results of this study indicate that the novel Istri Second by Asma Nadia provides a clear picture both in denotation, connotation and myth about the message of da'wah contained in the novel Istri Second. da'wah message about the wisdom of a polygamous marriage and interfaith marriage. Married couples who abuse the meaning of polygamous marriage and interfaith marriage. Islam and state laws allow men to practice polygamy on the condition that they can act fairly and are able to provide for their wives and children physically and mentally. And in Islam and the law on marriage prohibits interfaith marriages because they are considered invalid. In a marriage there is a responsibility that must be carried out as a parent, namely nurturing and educating their children. Even though one day there is a divorce, the children are still the responsibility of their parents until they reach adulthood. And as children, we must obey and respect our parents because the pleasure of Allah lies in the pleasure of the parents, and the wrath of Allah lies in the wrath of the parents.


By estimating a weight coefficient,a strengthened Hardy-Hilbert type inequality and its equivalend form are established.The results presented in this paper improve and unify some recent results in this field.


Connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) are expected to improve safety by gradually reducing human decisions while driving. However, there are still questions on their effectiveness as we transition from almost 0% CAVs to 100% CAVs with different levels of vehicle autonomy. This research focuses on synthesizing literature and identifying risk factors influencing fatal crashes involving level 1 and level 2 CAVs in the United States. Fatal crashes involving level 0 vehicles—ones that are not connected and automated—were compared to minimize unobserved heterogeneity and randomness associated with the influencing risk factors. The research team used the fatal crash data for the years 2016 to 2019 for the analysis. A partial proportionality odds model is developed using crash, road, and vehicle characteristics as the independent variables and the fatal crash involving a vehicle with a specific level of automation as the dependent variable. The results of this research indicate that level 1 and level 2 CAVs are less likely to be involved in a fatal crash at four-way intersections, on two-way routes with wide medians, at nighttime, and in poor lighting conditions when compared to level 0 vehicles. However, they are more likely than level 0 vehicles to be involved in a fatal crash with pedestrians and bicyclists. Comparative analysis between vehicles with smart features and other vehicles indicated that pedestrian automatic emergency braking (PAEB) and lane-keeping assistance (LKA) improve the safety by reducing possible collision with a pedestrian and roadside departure, respectively. Contrarily, vehicles with other smart features are still highly likely to be involved in fatal crashes. This research adds to the growing body of literature that will identify potential areas for improvement in the safety of vehicular technologies and road geometry.


Introduction Chapter One Nineteenth-century Cardiganshire: its economy and society Chapter Two The role of the lead mining industry Chapter Three The decision to move Chapter Four Rural out-migration trends: the census evidence Chapter Five The move to south Wales Chapter Six The lure of London Chapter Seven The move to Liverpool and the north-west Chapter Eight Emigration Chapter Nine Conclusion


In this paper, we review the microscopic process underlying PV conversion in exciton solar cells and review computational methods to study ESCs. Numerical modelling and coordinated multiscale materials modelling (MMM) are presented in this paper, which can help us to find new materials, optimal values of technological parameters, optimise the structure and maximise the efficiency of PV solar cells.


In this article the authors investigated and presented the experiments on the sentence boundaries annotation from Polish speech using acoustic cues as a source of information. The main result of the investigationisanalgorithmfordetectionofthesyntacticboundariesappearingintheplacesofpunctu- ationmarks.Intherststage,thealgorithmdetectspausesanddividesaspeechsignalintosegments.In thesecondstage, itveriesthecongurationof acousticfeatures andputshypothesesof thepositionsof punctuation marks. Classication is performed with parameters describing phone duration and energy, speaking rate, fundamental frequency contours and frequency bands. The best results were achieved for Naive Bayes classier. The eciency of the algorithm is 52% p recision and 98% recall. Another signi�- cantoutcomeoftheresearchisstatistical modelsof acoustic cuescorrelated withpunctuationinspoken Polish.


Molycorp, Inc. operates a molybdenum mine and associated tailings facility, near the Village of Questa, New Mexico. Neutral tailings are pumped 5.6 km from the mine to the Questa Tailings Facility where interim reclamation activities have been conducted for over 30 years. Four interim reclamation areas of the tailings facility, widely ranging in age, were evaluated for the effect of cover soil depth on plant communities. Sampling of various plant community components was conducted along random transects. The plant community components include; plant cover, shrub density, and species diversity. The evaluations suggested that depth of cover soil has little influence on the plant community components.


Multi-wall structures are epitome of engineered materials for maximum structural, thermal and optical properties. They are widely used in industrial glazing, stadium roofing, greenhouses and several other applications. Solar tower roof glazing type large applications prompted tremendous attention in last few years. The main issue in the multi-wall structure is to connect them with the concrete or metal structure, which gives them supports at the ends or in between. For easy installation of the multi-wall sheets, bolt joints are very common. The strength and stiffness heterogeneity affects modelling at bolted joints, which can help to design efficient structures. Numerical investigations are made to predict the failure based on different modelling approaches of bolted joints. 3D finite element analysis is conducted to predict the behaviour of multi-wall sheets when it is subjected to different kinds of pressure on the surface. The critical loading conditions are considered and analysed. A simple way of modelling the bolts are found, which can give a good prediction for multi-wall sheets connected using bolts. In addition to this, thermoplastic sheets are also analysed using the same approach and presented. This work will present a practical and simple way of analysing joints in any multi-wall structure for efficient utilization of materials.


Materials and Methods: In this clinical 230 candidates for with thesia After obtaining informed consent, the Persian version of the ques tionnaire completed and one hour after the operation. Reliability, face, content, concurrent and criterion validity was evaluated. Results: The ques tionnaire was completed for 205 patients. The mean age was 68.26 ± 10.61, including 98 (47.8%) men and 107 (52.2%) women. The average ISAS scores of patients are 1.02± 0.65 and its range was -1.55-2.00. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.71 and there was a positive and significant correlation between tes t-retes t scores. Facial and content validity was approved. In addition, a significant correlation with the satisfaction of the surgeon and visual analog scale (VAS) scores was observed, which sugges ts concurrent and criterion validity. In this s tudy the satisfaction of pain extensively was considered and compared with VAS. There was significant correlation between the ISAS ques tionnaire and VAS (r= -0.524, p=0.0001)]. Conclusion: The findings of this s tudy confirm the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the ISAS in outpatient satisfaction of anes thesia cares. Furthermore, our data sugges t that this ques tionnaire is completely useful for considering the patient satisfaction of anes thesia and pain.


The relationship between body mass index (BMI) and dementia risk was investigated recently in an 18-year followup study of a representative cohort of 392 nondemented Swedish adults aged 70 years at baseline. For every 1.0 increase in BMI at age 70 years, AD risk increased by 36% in women but not men (1). In another survey, dementia risk was associated with an increased BMI ( 25.0) (2). Patients with type 2 diabetes (an insulin resistance syndrome) and the e4 allele have a higher risk of AD than those without e4, which contributes to stabilize b-amyloid deposits (3). A baseline history of diabetes mellitus was associated with a subsequent decline in cognitive function in both men and women in the Cache County (Utah, United States) study (4). Among men, the risk was greatest among users of insulin (OR [odds ratio]: 4.45, 95% CI [confidence interval]: 2.00–9.90) and less among users of oral medications (OR 1⁄4 1.51, 95% CI: 0.64–3.57) (4). Recently, it was found in humans (5) that insulin infusion produced an increase in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) insulin concentration and an increase in CSF beta-amyloid protein (Ab 42) levels, most notably in older participants. Insulin infusion facilitated declarative memory, but such facilitation was attenuated in the participants with the greatest increase in CSF Ab 42 levels. These findings that insulin may modulate Ab 42 levels acutely in humans are consistent with recent in vitro studies on Ab and support the hypothesis by Natalie Rasgon and Lissy Jarvik (6), more precisely in those with affective disorder already known as a risk factor for AD (6). Data from Framingham have previously shown that insulin treatment is associated with poorer performance in tests of verbal and visual memory (7). Epidemiological studies of different sample populations have suggested that the risk of AD may be increased in individuals with high calorie diets (8). Dietary restriction can reduce neuronal damage and improve behavioral outcome in mouse models of AD (8). Animal studies have shown that the beneficial effects of dietary restriction result, in part, from increased production of neurotrophic factors and cytoprotective protein chaperones in neurons (8). Although further studies are required in humans, the emerging data suggest that high calorie diets and elevated insulin may render the brain vulnerable to neurodegenerative disorders. This phenomenon, however, maybe not be specific and limited to those with affective disorders, although older individuals with this condition appear to be a good target population with which to start intervention studies. Only randomized multi-intervention studies will enable us to bring these new hypotheses, if they succeed in the field of clinical practice. These findings have important public health implications, and stress the importance of lifestyle and behavioral modifications. The prevention of obesity (or being overweight) and insulin resistance, even at advanced age, might be important in the prevention of dementia, the fastest-growing disease of late life.


-The tendency toward fine discrimination in fusulinid species has made necessary standardization in their study. Theories and practices of fusulinid study are herein discussed in some detail. Four new species of Triticites are described from the Missouri series of the Pennsylvanian system; one species from the Virgil series and two froim the Missouri are redescribed, and the characters of the other five known Missourian species from the northern mid-Continent are shown in graphs, thus bringing together the known Missourian species. Finally consideration is given to the ontogeny and phylogeny of the group.


We present an automatic and robust tagged-residue detection technique using vector quantization based classification. This technique enables electronic cleansing even on poorly tagged datasets, leading to more effective virtual colonoscopy. In order to reduce the sensitivity towards intensity variation among the tagged residual material, we use a multi-step technique. First, we apply classification using an unsupervised and self-adapting vector quantization algorithm. Then, we sort the resultant classes by their average intensities. We apply thresholding on these classes based on a conservative threshold. This helps us in differentiating soft tissue inside tagged material from poorly tagged region or noise.


This paper surveys California's correctional education reform, arguing for expanded services on the grounds that improved education reduces recidivism, saves money, and facilitates prisoner reentry. People with educational difficulties are more likely to end up members of the incarcerated population, and those who improve their educational status while incarcerated are less likely to commit future crimes. After exploring the widespread consensus that effective education for incarcerated individuals yields tangible and demonstrable benefits and examining national data on the educational deficits observable in incarcerated populations, the paper turns to an analysis of the current programming reform in California, advocating for careful data collection and analysis, universal assessment and programming participation, and the consideration of computer-facilitated education.


Children's social care provide a wide variety of services and below are some links to further information about a few of those services. For any further information you can contact the main social care reception telephone number on 01472 325555.


A new conceptual design of a centrifuge injector for steady state plasma refuelling by solid hydrogen isotope pellets is presented and discussed. The apparatus has three new components: a screw extruder for continuous pellet production, a new rotating curved barrel for pellet acceleration, whose entrance section is placed on the axis of the centrifuge rotor, and a new pellet chopping unit. In preliminary tests, the screw extruder with the pellet chopping unit delivered a series of about 10,000 deuterium pellets of 2 mm in size (at the rate up to 15 Hz and velocities 100-150 m/s) into the curved barrel with a 99Vo reliabllitv.


Narration and defense of suspect and defendant is independent evidence in the criminal procedure. It is often absorbed by judicial persons because of its direct feature to test case fact. But it is also puzzling because it is instable and complicated. So it is necessary to collect this kind of evidence by law,meanwhile,it must be cautions to audit and judge it. Any thoughtless action way lead to make improper decision of case--whether to neglect the crime or to wrong the innocent.


The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) is the world's center of cooperation in the nuclear field. The IAEA works with its Member States and multiple partners worldwide to promote safe, secure and peaceful nuclear technologies. To catalyse innovation in nuclear power technology in Member States, the IAEA coordinates cooperative research, promotes information exchange, and analyses technical data and results, with a focus on reducing capital costs and construction periods while further improving performance, safety and proliferation resistance. This paper summarizes the recent major IAEA international cooperation programmes related to thermal hydraulics and safety of water cooled reactors, which is the most common type of reactor design at present and will probably still be in the near future. Keyword: computer code; coordinated research project (CRP); international collaborative standard problem (ICSP); nuclear reactor; safety; simulator; thermal-hydraulics


Recent worldwide media speculation that silicone gel‐filled breast implants may be linked to an increased incidence of breast and other cancers, and connective tissue disease(particularly systemic sclerosis) has caused concern to the medical profession and public alike. Until carefully controlled studies have been performed to prove the safety of these implants, the US Food and Drug Administration has restricted their use to research and breast reconstruction. Research has so far failed to prove a causative relationship between silicone implants and cancer or connective tissue disorders.


This paper proposes a benchmark to quantify frequency and amplitude variations caused by the spatial quantization of model geometry. A simple resonant cavity is modelled in 3 dimensions at a range of angles to the mesh axes. The quality measure resulting is compared with a classical analytical solution for such a cavity. Results from the Transmission Line Matrix method (TLM) are presented. The benchmark could be applied to most volume element based time domain techniques.


I am a young woman worker, and I cannot get used to that improper kind of love of the young people I see. And at the same time I feel very frustrated that because my abilities are so limited I cannot change this situation. It was just at this point that I listened to your story "The Place of Love." You can imagine how delighted I was! This is why I, who, like you, oppose the "Yamei" type of love, am very willing to talk with you about what is in my heart.


Objective To study the status of myocardial T2* and liver T2* in β- thalassemia major(β-TM) patients with iron overload and its relationship with clinical test data.Methods In June 2010,on a voluntary basis,out of the 80 β-TM patients over 7 years under regular blood transfusion therapy,51 were chosen to receive myocardial MRI T2* (myocardial T2*) and liver MRI T2* (liver T2*) tests.The results were compared with age,SF,LVEF,transfusion time,chelation time and Hb.Results Eleven out of 51 cases (21.6%) were myocardial iron overload,including 3 mild cases,3 moderate cases and 5 severe cases.Forty-three out of 51 cases (84.3%) were liver iron overload,including 14 mild cases,17 moderate cases and 12 severe cases.There was no correlation between myocardial T2* and SF,LVEF or liver T2*.SF was positively correlated with liver T2*(r = 0.558,P 0.01).The transfusion time of myocardial T2* 20 ms group was less than that of myocardial T2* 20 ms group (P 0.05).There was no statistical significance between the liver iron overload incidence ratios of the two groups (P 0.05) .Two out of 11 myocardial iron overload cases had lower LVEF(18.2%).Conclusion The group of TM patients demonstrates lower myocardial iron overload incidence and higher liver iron overload incidence.As SF increases,liver iron overload becomes more severe;myocardial iron overload can not be predicted or determined by examining SF level.There is no correlation between myocardial iron overload and liver iron overload.LVEF can not be a reliable factor to predict myocardial iron overload.