This exploratory study sought to uncover service provider perspectives on the early response to COVID-19 in a small community in an advanced industrialized country - the homelessness support sector of the Central Okanagan, British Columbia. Following a case study approach, snowball sampling was utilized in May and June 2020 to achieve a sample size of 30 through a mix of one-on-one interviews and open-ended surveys. Qualitative thematic analysis was used to uncover commonalities among interview responses. Common themes are discussed in relation to three areas of questioning including challenges, successes, and mitigations/areas for future support. While the community came together to support the response, there were challenges and concerns regarding safety and personal protective equipment supplies, social distancing and knowledge transmission within the homeless community, access to food and water, and lack of space for isolating positive cases. The findings illustrate possible research, practice, public health policy, and emergency planning considerations within smaller communities.


The invention discloses a ceramic bond diamond grinding wheel for machining polymerize crystal diamond (PCD) cutters. The grinding wheel is manufactured by the following raw materials by weight: 62-68% of diamond abrasives, 8-10% of corundum and 17-20% of ceramic bond, wherein the ceramic bond is prepared by the following raw materials by weight: 50-58% of SiO2, 6.0-7.8% of Al2O3, 20-24% of B2O3, 4.8-7.0% of K2O, 3.0-5.2% of Bi2O3 and 1.2-1.8% of BaO. The ceramic bond diamond grinding wheel is good in high-temperature resistance and good in bending resistance, can keep the shape well during cutter grinding and machining, has good self-sharpening capability, is high in grinding efficiency, can reduce the finishing time and prolong the service life, improves the machining efficiency and reduces production cost.


Despite evidence of the political salience of family issues, little work has been done to understand how Americans link family issues to their support of various parties and politicians. This study examines whether respondents think party/politician views on family issues are important and asks respondents to provide examples of relevant family issues. Using data from the 2003 Constructing the Family telephone survey conducted at the Indiana University Center for Survey Research, we find that most respondents claim that a party's/politician's views on family issues are important to them. Further analysis reveals that, among people who believe family issues are important, the belief is explained differently, with the sample split between a focus on the characteristics of policymakers as compared to the policy itself. The authors conclude that these differing approaches to family issues may stem from the patchwork system of legislation for families in the United States.


This document provides guidance and information necessary to determine the amount of a contribution to pay for monitoring, operation and maintenance (O&M), oversight, and other costs determined by the department to be necessary to assure the effectiveness and integrity of the remedial action when financial assurance is required under Section 20114d(b) of Part 201, Environmental Remediation, of the Natural Resources and Environmental Protection Act, 1994 PA 451, as amended (NREPA), MCL 321.20101 et seq. In order to utilize the present worth formulas detailed in this document, the financial assurance mechanism (FAM) must be an interest bearing mechanism, i.e., an escrow, certificate of deposit, or trust fund.


We present 3D hydrodynamical simulations of core convection with a stably stratified envelope of a 25 $\mathrm{M}_\odot$ star in the early phase of the main-sequence. We use the explicit gas-dynamics code $\texttt{PPMstar}$ which tracks two fluids and includes radiation pressure and radiative diffusion. Multiple series of simulations with different luminosities and radiative thermal conductivities are presented. The entrainment rate at the convective boundary, internal gravity waves in and above the boundary region, and the approach to dynamical equilibrium shortly after a few convective turnovers are investigated. From the results of these simulations we extrapolate to find the entrainment rate at the nominal heating rate and thermal diffusion given by the $\texttt{MESA}$ stellar evolution model on which the 3D stratification is based. Further, to study the effect of radiative diffusion on the thermal timescale, we perform very long simulations accelerated by 10000 times their nominal luminosities. In these simulations the growing penetrative convection reduces the initially unrealistically large entrainment. This reduction is enabled by a spatial separation that develops between the entropy gradient and the composition gradient. The convective boundary moves outward much more slowly at the end of these simulations. Finally, we present a method to predict the extent and character of penetrative convection beyond the Schwarzschild boundary. This method is intended to be ultimately deployed in 1D stellar evolution calculations and is based on the properties of penetrative convection in our simulations carried forward through the local thermal timescale.


The article is devoted to studying the role of hepatoprotective therapy in treatment of patients with acute intestinal obstruction. There were examined 129 patients with acute mechanical intestinal obstruction, accompanied by the syndrome of enteral insufficiency. In their treatment schedule were added hepatoprotective drugs. There was proved the beneficial therapeutic effect of this measure on the dynamics of hepatorenal syndrome and enteral insufficiency syndrome.


The favorability of the Lower Cambrian sediments of the Irkutsk amphitheater has been substantiated by the discovery of the Markovo, Yaraktin, Bratsk, and Sredne-Botuobin fields and also by the recovery of oil and gas from individual wells in a number of other areas. Pay zones occur at various intervals of the section and are known in almost all subdivisions of the Lower Cambrian. The main exploration target is the sub-salt complex of the clastic and carbonate-clastic sediments of the Mot and Ushakov formations, which occur at the base of the sedimentary cover of the platform directly on the crystalline basement, filling irregularities in the paleo-relief. Most of the oil and gas pools occur in sandstone-siltstone strata within this complex. Several large uplifts have been found in recent years in these sediments: the Nepsko-Botuobin anticlinal zone, the Ust-Kut dome, the Bratsk swell, and others. See Fig. 1. The Nepa dome extends northeast from the Markovo field about 400 km and is up to 180 km wide; amplitude on the top of the Mot formation is more than 500 m. The north half of this structure has not been drilled. Several wells have been drilled in the south half, and two fields have been discovered - the Markovo and Yaraktin. The Markovo field has now been outlined. It contains two pools: the main gas-condensate pool occurs in a lithologic trap in sandstones of the Parfenov horizon, and the other is in fractured dolomites of the higher occurring Usol formation and contains oil. In the Yaraktin field, where outlining is continuing, a lithologic oil pool is present in sandstones beneath carbonate rocks of the Mot formation. In addition to these two fields, flows of gas or oil have been


This paper discusses different techniques and specialized procedures which can be used to effectively protect data from the owner to the cloud and then to the user. The next step involves categorizing the data using three encryption parameters provided by the user, which are Integrity, Availability, and Confidentiality (IAC). The data is secured through various methods such as SSL and MAC protocols to ensure data integrity checks, searchable encryption, and splitting the data into three parts for cloud storage. Dividing the data into three portions not only enhances security but also facilitates easier access. Access to the encrypted data requires the user to provide the login information and password of the owner. This paper also studies critical security issues like unauthorized servers, brute force attacks, threats from cloud service providers, and loss of user identity and password.


Outsourcing is a strategic way for libraries to maximize fiscal and human resources. This text provides detailed, practical advice on: re-engineering library operations; how to determine when outsourcing is appropriate; conduct cost studies to evaluate technical operations; prepare formal requests-for-proposals (RFPs) to outsource acquisitions cataloguing and other technical services; evaluate vendor responses and services; and monitor the quality of outsourced operations. The guide also explores the pros and cons of outsourcing versus human resource needs and contract management and compliance. Detailed appendices included checklists for procuring book and journal vendor services, cataloguing services and other techincal services.


In this paper we study the problem of the car with n trailers. We compute by induction the degree of nonholonomy in every state and obtain a partition of the singular set by this degree of nonholonomy. We give also for each strata a set of vector fields in the Lie algebra of the control system which makes a basis of the tangent space.


T he main object of all types of watermarking algorithm is to improve performance parameters like Robustness, Imperceptibility, capacity, data rates etc. This is also observed that the performance parameters of Transformed domain are better as compared to time domain. A lot of Transformation techniques are available for the analysis of any signal or for the transformation of any signal from one domain to an another domain to extract the desired information for example FFT, STFT, DCT, DWT etc. each transformation technique has their own set of advantages and disadvantages and their suitability for an specific applications In this paper we are going to propose an unique method of audio watermarking which will take the advantages of both energy compressing property of D.C.T. and multi resolution property of D.W.T. and embedded our watermark with audio signal such that it maintain a good perceptual Quality (S.N.R).as well as shows high degree of robustness (N.C.) against various signal processing attacks like compression, Re sampling, Re quantization, filtering cropping etc. ∗M.E. (Final Year) Student at Mahakal Institute of Technology Ujjain, India †Asst. Prof., Mahakal Institute of Technology & Science Ujjain, India Mrs. Pooja Saxena and Prof. Sandeep Agrawal Transformed Domain Audio Watermarking Using DWT and DCT. Page 1 of 18 HCTL Open Int. J. of Technology Innovations and Research HCTL Open IJTIR, Volume 4, July 2013 e-ISSN: 2321-1814 ISBN (Print): 978-1-62776-132-1


The research analyses the models of involvement of parents of 2nd grade students in the process of children's education, creative activities based on cooperation between parents and children. The peculiarities of the development of a child aged 7-11, the significance of independence and relationship with parents in the learning process are reviewed, and the impact of parents' involvement in distance and contact learning on children is discussed. The above-mentioned issues are examined on the basis of scientific and methodological literature, the data of the survey of parents of second-graders conducted in spring 2021, and a simultaneous study of creative activity, which provided a better understanding of the child's involvement in learning and satisfaction.
The analysis of the results of the research revealed that: the parents' opinion about the involvement in the child's educational process is generally positive (they see a lot of meaning and possibilities in it); the joy of learning and enjoyment of the process experienced by a child is determined by many different factors: the child's personal abilities, the level of independence and self-confidence, the degree and relationship between the child and the parents; excessive involvement of parents in creative activities has a negative impact on the child's attitude towards themselves, the learning process and the end result.
Keywords: distance learning, primary school students, parental involvement


An orefield refers to geological units or domains where ore deposits and metallogenesis are densely distributed and developed,equivalent to a metallogenic unit of grade V in metallogenetic division. The authors recently put forward the concept of orefield geology,which covers studies of formation,structure and metallogeny of oilfields. We also proposed an idea of prospecting deposits based on this concept,i.e. the interface of tectono-lithofacies is a geological basis for prospecting;the tectono-geochemistry interface contains information of prospecting and prediction;and the interface of tectono-physicochemistry reflects the essential of metallogenesis. We propose that the integrated exploration area is an exploration domain which consists of one or several orefields,which may provide a new approach for breakthrough in future prospecting.


Our project used remotely-sensed infrared radiation measurements to estimate fuel consumption in eastern mixed-oak forests and facilitated the development of smoke management expertise and processes for complying with EPA regulations in Ohio and Kentucky. As a result of two workshops, Ohio developed a Smoke Management Plan designed to ensure that best management practices were being used across land ownerships and to facilitate mandated information sharing with the Ohio EPA and US EPA. Ohio also established a Prescribed Fire Council as a result of this process. Kentucky opted for a less formal response to EPA regulations, establishing a Prescribed Fire Council to facilitate information sharing and coordination. The workshops offered training in the CONSUME fuel consumption model and the Fuel Characteristics Classification System (FCCS) program allowing land management personnel to estimate consumption for past and upcoming burns as inputs to smoke transport models and as part of their emissions inventory process. Training was provided by the USFS Fire and Environmental Research Applications (FERA) group. On the research side, five prescribed fires were monitored with aerial and ground-based equipment. The Wildfire Airborne Sensor Platform (WASP) was used on one fire and the WASP-lite system (smaller and less expensive to deploy) was used on the other fires. In addition, a series of outdoor, small plot burn experiments were conducted to provide the link between fire radiant heat release and fuel consumption. A paper describing the theory behind the methods used for analyzing airborne data and identifying gaps in knowledge has been published (Kremens et al. 2010). A second paper describing ground-based measurements of fire heat release and fuel consumption is in review at the International Journal of Wildland Fire and another paper describing the methods for using airborne infrared data to map fuel consumption at the burn unit scale is in review. A thesis describing landscape patterns in fire heat release based on our data has been completed (Suciu 2009) and is the basis for a final paper in progress. Significant technical challenges were encountered in this novel application of airborne remote sensing to the fuel consumption problem, but those challenges are being met and the technology being developed for future application. In summary, the project to date has resulted in two smoke management workshops; one paper published in the peer reviewed literature, two papers in review, and one paper in process; and multiple invited and offered presentations and posters. The deliverables can be found on the project website at www.firescience.gov. BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Smoke management is an emerging issue in eastern hardwood forest management, a theme reiterated by both Federal and State land managers. As the acreage burned for ecological restoration and fuel reduction increases, public and agency concerns rise regarding smoke's negative effects on such things as human health, transportation, visibility, and sensitive wildlife species. Regional Haze Rules (Federal Register / Vol. 64, No. 126 / Thursday, July 1, 1999) require that States make "reasonable progress" in reducing effects of pollution (including that from wildland fire) on visibility in Class I areas and to prevent future impairment of visibility. States (and Tribes who choose to participate) are also required to develop Smoke Management Programs (SMP's) to minimize emissions; evaluate (model) smoke dispersion; explore alternatives to fire; and conduct public notification, air quality monitoring, enforcement, surveillance, and program evaluation. At the time this project was funded, a minority of States had completed their SMP's. The need for a boost in smoke modeling capability and development of SMPs in Ohio and Kentucky were paramount justifications for this project. We supported that process through training in the use of key smoke management tools and by facilitating multi-party discussions and working groups. Ohio and Kentucky, the states in which this project was carried out, encompass a substantial amount of forest dominated by oaks for which historical burning has played a central role (e.g., Dickinson 2006). Decades of effective fire prevention and suppression have all but eliminated fire from these landscapes. The resulting region-wide forest change has often been undesirable. Consequently, we are in a period of increasing prescribed burning activities on State and Federal lands. As well, extensive disturbance by a February, 2003, ice storm in the Wayne National Forest (WNF) and Shawnee State Forest (SSF) in Ohio and bark beetles in the Daniel Boone National Forest (DBNF) in Kentucky have generated heavy woody fuel loads. Fire managers need information for meeting the requirements of current and future regulation. At the same time that there is an increasing need for smoke management forecasting in eastern hardwood forests, smoke production models have not been validated for hardwood fuels and fires. For instance, CONSUME, a fuel consumption model widely used in smoke management modeling, is only now (with JFSP funding and support and participation from the principals in this project) developing equations specific to eastern US mixed-oak forests. This project developed airborne IR imaging as a method of characterizing fuel consumption over complex eastern hardwood landscapes in order to answer the questions of what quantities are being consumed on average and how that consumption is distributed over landscapes. Those methods are now being applied to additional fires in mixed-oak forests and also in prescribed fires in longleaf pine savannas in the southeastern US. Once the methods are established in prescribed fires, they can also be applied to wildfires. STUDY DESCRIPTION AND LOCATION The field work and workshops focused on mixed-oak forest zones of southern Ohio and eastern Kentucky. This area is largely forested and contains the Wayne National Forest, the mixed-oak districts of the Daniel Boone National Forest, various state landholdings, The Nature Conservancy land, and substantial private forest land. Two workshops were held along the Ohio River, forming the border between Ohio and Kentucky. Fire monitoring occurred at Tar Hollow State Forest and the Racoon Ecological Management Area in southeastern Ohio and on several prescribed fire units in the Daniel Boone National Forest (Bear Waller, Powder Mill, and Wolf Pen). More information on study design and locations can be obtained from the publications.


This article on health representations among popular groups in Nicaragua starts from the hypothesis that such representations are central in the reproduction of society. The first part studies the system of representations of health and of illnesse in precolum bian society, where they are part of a general myth explanatory of the universe and of society. In this same first part the A. ex amines what was brought by Spanish colonization: social reproduction is assured by collective festivals, which are also the place for the accomplishment of the promises to the saints, pro tectors against illnesses. The introduction of modern medecine has coincided with the penetration of an agrarian capitalism, bringing also representations of health as a commodity. The se cond part of the article is based on a survey made among some 500 persons of popular milieux, rural and urban. It shows the dif ferences in the representations, along the lines of three main models: the traditional is based on a sacred approach to the causes of illnesses. It is to be found especially among rural workers, whereas members of cooperatives show a certain erosion of this model. The second model is the refusal of the first one, typical of urban groups having gone through secondary educa tion. The last model is characterized by ignorance of the tradi tional representations, but without other positions: it is the fact of individuals among various groups. A series of new practical knowledges in the medical field are shared by the three groups, in dicating that alphabetization campaigns and the health education has a result in this area. But they do not suffice to transform the main interpretations. Other factors are necessary, like the socio economic change brought about by Land Reform in the rural areas or by secondary education in the cities. The method used for the analysis of the data has been the "analysis of correspondences ".


At present, the limitation of action of security frauds adopt the regulation of《General principles of civil law》。The general limitation is 2 years and the longest should not exceed 20 years. This is not appropriate to the complex and changeable security transactions. On the basis of study on the regulation of the foreign countries whose security markets are flourishing, this paper expounds that the limitation of action should be different from that of General Principle of Civil Law. The special limitation of action should be 1 year, and the longest should not exceed 5 years. The particular cases should adopt particular regulations.


The Jak-STAT pathway is responsible for signal transduction by a large number of cytokine receptors. While this pathway is normally tightly regulated, constitutive STAT3 and STAT5 activation is frequent in hematologic malignancies and contributes to oncogenesis. We took advantage of the IL-3-dependent pro-B Ba/F3 cell line to analyze the mechanisms of constitutive STAT activation in vitro. Ba/F3 cells transfected with a mutated hIL-9R (Ba/F3 Phe116) poorly respond to IL-9. However, after selection with this cytokine, we obtained cell lines that proliferated well in IL-9. After cytokine withdrawal, those cells, in contrast to the parental cells, gave rise to autonomous Ba/F3 cell lines showing constitutive STAT5 activation, and that were highly tumorigenic in vivo. This process mimics the multistep process of oncogenesis occurring in vivo. To dissect the mechanisms involved in this cellular transformation, we analyzed, using cDNA microarrays, genes expressed in one of these autonomous lines. Jak1, the Jak kinase associated to the IL-9 receptor, was found to be upregulated compared to parental cells. It was the key genetic event involved in this transformation since ectopic Jak1 overexpression increased the sensitivity to IL-9 and allowed, after a second selection step, for spontaneous progression towards autonomous cell lines with constitutive STAT activation. Using Jak1 mutants, we showed that the generation of autonomous lines was dependent on the tyrosine kinase activity of Jak1 and on a functional FERM domain, the domain that mediates association with the receptor. These results were extended to the other Jak family members. Therefore, we propose that Jak overexpression can be considered as one of the oncogenic events leading to the selection of cells highly responsive to growth factors and, after a second selection step, to autonomous cells with constitutive activation of the Jak-STAT pathway. This process could be extended to human malignancies and might explain, for instance, the constitutive STAT6 activation in primary mediastinal large B cell lymphomas where Jak2 overexpression was described.


Protocols for combined use with radiotherapy or chemotherapy have not been fully established, and yet the progress is being steadily made in this area. The recent progress was supported by biological experiments to observe the effects of high temperature more than 42°C on cell survival ratio, and development of devices applying physical energy capable of heating localized area have become clinically available.


Novel properties of plasmonic nanoantennas and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) were applied to realize fast and sensitive infrared bolometers. We showed that strong concentration of optical fields and the small volume of active materials in the gaps of the nanoantenna arrays resulted in an enhanced light-MWNT interaction and hence improved photoresponse of the bolometers. MWNTs were selected as an active material due to their high optical absorption and thermal conductivity. A CO2 laser beam was efficiently coupled into the nanoantenna arrays to selectively grow MWNTs in their gaps and enhance the photoresponse of the bolometers.Novel properties of plasmonic nanoantennas and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) were applied to realize fast and sensitive infrared bolometers. We showed that strong concentration of optical fields and the small volume of active materials in the gaps of the nanoantenna arrays resulted in an enhanced light-MWNT interaction and hence improved photoresponse of the bolometers. MWNTs were selected as an active material due to their high optical absorption and thermal conductivity. A CO2 laser beam was efficiently coupled into the nanoantenna arrays to selectively grow MWNTs in their gaps and enhance the photoresponse of the bolometers.


Abstract This study obtained 18S rDNA sequence data to investigate the extent of genetic divergence in the Japanese dendrocoelid group, and applied the data to the estimation of phylogenetic relationships and taxonomy. The sequence data, consisting of 558 base positions in an aligned data set, were obtained by using the polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing. For comparative analysis, the 18S rRNA gene sequence data on dendrocoelids from different distant geographical places (Europe, Lake Baikal in Siberia, Kamchatka) published previously were used. Such analysis showed that: (1) Bdellocephala species from Japan, Kamchatka and Lake Baikal are closely related ; (2) Japanese species classified within the genus Dendrocoelopsis do not form a single cluster of closely related organisms; (3) Dendrocoelopsis ichikawai differs minimally from Bdellocephala baicalensis (from Lake Baikal), reliably groups with all Bdellocephala, and should therefore be classed with this genus. Taxonomic conclusions. (1) The genus Dendrocoelopsis should be revised after molecular typification of European and American representatives. (2) The current generic status of D. ichikawai based on the presence of a well-developed penis papilla should be reconsidered. (3) Sequence divergence amongst representatives of B. brunnea indicates that representatives should be closely examined for the presence of morphological characters by which they might be distinguished.


Although in the present, with the further development of science and technology in the times, more and more things have been improved, more and more high-tech goods into our lives, light as if it has become the mainstream of the present era. But past skills should also be passed on, some of which contain thousands of years of Chinese spiritual civilization, such as gardens. Therefore, we should make further improvements to the past skills to adapt to the present era, rather than abandoned under the wheels of history to become the past, so the purpose of this article is to use the current front-end virtual reality technology for landscape design to build a new 3Dlandscape design the system. Therefore, after reviewing the development and application level of virtual technology, we construct a new 3D landscape design system on virtual reality technology by using the existing points on the market about the construction of drawing system and classical landscape construction. After many experiments, according to the known experimental results, it can be concluded that: in a certain range, the use of virtual reality technology can make more detailed description and comments on the landscape, and get a more comprehensive three-dimensional three-dimensional architecture, to help designers better design landscape.


Background Laboratory animal experiments are an invaluable tool for studying mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI)/concussion. Among them, rodent neurotrauma experiments have been most widely used, as transgenic and gene targeting technologies in mice allow us to test the roles of different genes in recovery from brain injury. Furthermore, the clinical relevance of rodent concussion studies can be improved by using these technologies to study concussions in animals that carry the human versions of genes known to play a role in neurological disease. However, delivering concussion injuries to the mice that are relevant to real-world human head impacts is challenging, as the mouse and human heads are dramatically different in shape and size. In the vast majority of mouse concussion experiments, the pathological and behavioral consequences of the injuries are evaluated without considering whether the injury model produces brain stretches (maximum principal strains) of the same magnitude as those experienced by human brains undergoing similar impacts. Methods We conducted a total of 201 computational simulations to understand both human and mouse brain strains that are directly linked to neuronal damage during closed-head concussive impacts. To represent real-world human head impacts we simulated mouse head impacts with durations of 1.5 ms (Type 1 scaling), followed by simulations with durations between 1 and 2 ms (Type 2), and finally, simulations with durations from 0.75 to 4.5 ms (Type 3) to develop scaling between human and mouse, as well as to reveal the predicted effects of small and large changes in impact durations on brain strain. Results Guided by these simulations we calculated that peak rotational velocities in mice could be achieved by scaling human peak rotational velocities with factors of 5.8, 4.6, and 6.8, for flexion/extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation, respectively, to reach equal brain strains between human and mouse. The effects of impact durations on scaling were also calculated and longer-duration mouse head impacts needed larger scaling factors to reach equal strain. Conclusions The scaling method will help us to create brain injury in the mouse with brain strain loading equivalent to those experienced in real-world human head impacts.


An increasing number of patients are treated for breast cancer during professional life. A meta-analysis published in February 2009 found that breast cancer survivors were more unemployed than healthy control participants (35.6% versus 31.7%, pooled RR, 1.28; 95% confidence interval: 1.11–1.49) [1]. We report a retrospective study that assesses both medical and socioprofessional factors impacting on the likelihood of patients to return to work after treatment. Between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2005, a cohort of 1067 patients who were <60 years of age and had been surgically treated in our institution received a questionnaire with medical, sociodemographic and professional items. An answer was obtained in 586 cases. After excluding in situ carcinomas, local relapses, bilateral tumors and patients without professional activity before treatment, 273 patients were assessable. All the clinical files of these patients were reviewed. We studied return to work qualitatively (by univariate and then by multivariate logistic regression) and quantitatively, by measuring time to return to work (by logrank and then by multivariate Cox model). Overall, 79.8% of the patients returned to work after a median delay of 11.5 months. In the multivariate analysis, the factors affecting the return to work were age (P < 0.0001), particularly patients >55 years returning to work in 58% of cases versus more than 80% in younger ones, educational level (P < 0.001), colleague support (P < 0.001), chemotherapy (P < 0.05), lymphedema (P < 0.01), and the physical (P = 0.01) and psychological (P < 0.01) professional constraints of the job. Local pain with ankylosis of the shoulder was significant only in the univariate analysis (P < 0.0001). The factors affecting time to return to work were similar. We showed there was no significant difference observed according to type of surgery, tumorectomy versus mastectomy, sentinel lymph node versus axillary clearance, radiation therapy or not, and hormonotherapy or not. It is important to interpret this study in the context of the French social model. Our return to work rate is similar to that of previous publications [2, 3], whereas the length of sick leave is much longer as compared with English and North American studies [4]. As in previous publications, age is one of the main factors correlated with a lower rate of return to work [2, 3, 5]. The only clinical factor negatively correlated with the return to work is chemotherapy. This treatment also delays the return to work: 14.3 versus 7.2 months for patients who did not receive letters to the editor Annals of Oncology


Columns are the main mass transfer equipment used in oil refining processes. In this regard, in order to save expensive materials, two-ply steel columns became widely used. Currently, the determination of residual life of such columns is based on standard methods of strength calculations for vessels and apparatuses. However, the existing methods of strength calculations are based on a simplified representation of the column apparatus at various stages of calculation and do not provide a comprehensive picture of its stress-strain state (SSS) taking into account geometrical features and the fact that the shell is double-layer.


The rapid development of the information age has caused many teachers to actively choose to introduce the flipped classroom teaching model into teaching activities in order to solve the problems of outdated teaching concepts and poor learning initiative of students. It is hoped that they can fully stimulate students' learning autonomy while achieving established The purpose of high-quality classroom teaching activities. This article starts with the obstacles to the development of English classrooms in vocational colleges, and looks for specific ways to introduce flipped classrooms to carry out English teaching activities, hoping to provide references for other educators.


This theoretical essay analyzes the internal consistency of the main approaches of Dynamic Capabilities, recognizing the contradictions and similarities. It begins with a discussion of the pillars of the Resources Based View, before introducing the main definitions of Dynamic Capabilities, highlighting the role of organizational routines, organizational processes, and strategic processes, while keeping the focus on the reorganization of the resource base with the aim of achieving organizational efficiency. All these aspects seem to be common among the most referenced authors in the field. Performing a more in-depth analysis of the internal consistency of approaches, it is perceived that there are differences and contradictions that could lead to the misunderstanding that these are mutually exclusive, especially in the approaches of Teece, Pisano and Shuen (1997) and Eisenhardt and Martin (2000). The differences, which are not easily reconcilable, focus on the essence of the framework, and the potential of dynamic capabilities to explain how companies are able to sustain their competitive advantage and how to track these goals under conditions of rapid environmental changes. It concludes with the understanding that studies in the area should pay attention to the internal consistency of the dynamic capability approach used, also suggesting the possibility of using an integrative approach.


We analyze 2-dimensional chaotic forms resulting from very simple systems based on two chaotic characteristics that is rotation and parallel movement or translation in geometric terms. Re ection is another alternative, along with rotation, for several interesting chaotic formations. Rotation and translation are very common types of movements in the world around us. Chaotic or non-chaotic forms arise from these two main generators. The rotation-translation chaotic case presented is based on the theory we analyzed in the book and in the paper†. An overview of the chaotic ows in rotation-translation is given. There is observed the presence of chaos when discrete rotation-translation equation forms are introduced. In such cases the continuous equations analogue of the discrete cases is useful. Characteristic cases and illustrations of chaotic attractors and forms are analyzed and simulated. The analysis of chaotic forms and attractors of the models presented is given along with an exploration of the characteristic or equilibrium points. Applications in the elds of astronomy-astrophysics (galaxies), chaotic advection (the sink problem) and Von Karman streets are presented.


Using the published plots of 15-min interval values of h′F2, the minimum virtual height of the ionospheric F2 region, at five Japanese stations spread over 26°–45°N (15°–35°N geomagnetic) and 128°–142°E, it is shown that there are frequent rapid increases and less frequent decreases of h′F2 by 100–200 km in about 2 hours with near-simultaneous start and end at all five stations in the postmidnight hours and at three to five stations in the premidnight hours. In the months of September and December 1988 and March 1989, about 80 h′F2 perturbations of the above type are identified. The near simultaneity of the h′F2 disturbances at the five stations suggests that an plasma drift due to an east-west electric field is the cause of the h′F2 disturbances. This interpretation is validated by showing that there is a simultaneous presence of bay disturbances in auroral latitude magnetograms over a wide longitude range during almost all the h′F2 increases. It is shown that neutral wave disturbances propagating equatorward even with a speed of 750 m/s cannot account for the h′F2 disturbances, The study reveals two categories of h′F2 perturbations: (1) h′F2 increases starting near the beginning of the geomagnetic negative bays at auroral latitudes and (2) rapid h′F2 increases starting near the maximum intensity phase of the auroral bays and preceded by h′F2 decreases starting at the onset time of the bay disturbance or a little earlier. Using the vast amount of h′F2 data collected all over the globe, it is possible to quantify and characterize the substorm-related electric fields and their variabilities. Such characterization is very useful in understanding the magnetospheric and the magnetosphere-ionosphere interaction processes involved in the generation of magnetospheric substorms. It is also pointed out that the understanding of F2 region changes during magnetic storms may improve greatly if the large F2 region changes caused by electric fields on the substorm time scale are taken into account. The h′F2 disturbances reported in this study are similar in time scale and appearance to the h′F2 disturbances caused by long-period atmospheric waves; and this suggests the possibility of a mixup of the two effects and the consequent wrong identification on some occasions.


1. A method of pasteurization of a continuous chain of products in an apparatus comprising a heating zone, cooling zone and the pasteurization zone and conveying means which is carried the products through the areas in the above order from the input to the output device, the heating, the pasteurization and the cooling is carried out by heat transfer between the products and the sprayed medium, preferably water, which irrigate products, wherein the zone in the direction of forward movement of products divided into portions treatment in which the temperature of the spraying medium is aligned with the desired result of the heat transfer zone, characterized in that to change the process of pasteurization change potokraspylyaemoy surround environment, at least in one zone (2) processing, the volumetric change potokraspylyaemoy environment ranging from a maximum value to a minimum znacheniya.2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the pasteurization process to change the temperature change Traspylyaemoy further medium and / or the speed v of the conveying means (3) .3. A method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the receptacles for different types of pasteurization has different volumetric potokiraspylyaemoy sredy.4. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the volume of the medium potokraspylyaemoy in certain production situations pasteurizer works (1) at least one zone (2) reduce processing in comparison with the normal volume potokom.5. A method according to claim 3, characterized in that the volume of the medium potokraspylyaemoy in certain production situations pasteurizer works (1) at least one zone (2) mod


Organ transplantation is the optimal treatment for patients with end-stage disease of the kidneys, pancreas, liver, intestine, lungs and heart. While the ideal source of many of these organs is a living-related or unrelated donor, this option is not available for all patients. The alternative is transplantation from a patient who has suffered irreversible brain damage but in whom the circulation is maintained, that is, a brain-dead, heart-beating potential donor. While vital organ function, with the exception of the ability to breathe spontaneously, may be initially maintained in this setting, cardiac arrest within hours to days is inevitable. Outcome following transplantation is directly related to the quality of the organs procured, particularly those that need to function immediately, such as the heart and liver. At the same time, the organs of potential donors are exposed to a wide variety of insults. These may be the result of the primary condition leading to brain death. For example, severe multitrauma may result in severe brain injury. However, other organs may also be injured directly by the trauma, or indirectly as a result of hypoxia, shock, severe anemia, exposure to blood products, and infections. Although many of these insults can be avoided by the proper care of these complicated patients ± procedures well known to most physicians ± the process of brain death itself leads to profound changes that predominantly affect the cardiovascular and endocrine systems. If the donor is inadequately managed at this stage, a significant number of available organs may become unsuitable for transplantation. Preservation of organs requires knowledge of the changes associated with brain death. In this article we review the clinical consequences of brain death and the management of the potential donor to maintain optimal organ function.


Objective To explore the in vitro and in vivo course of BCNU released from BCNU-loaded PLGA microspheres and location in rat brain tissue.Methods The concentrations of BCNU in PBS and brain tissue were determined by high performance liquid chromatography,and 3H-labeled BCNU was used to determine the location in normal brain tissue and serum. The biocompatibility of microspheres was evaluated by the routine HE stain.Results The BCNU could be sustained released from BCNU-PLGA-MS over 2 weeks both in PBS and in brain tissue,and the concentrations of BCNU in ipsilateral side was 6 to 70 times higher than those in contralateral. The rat brain tissue demonstrated glial cell reaction.Conclusion BCNU-PLGA sustained release microspheres are safe and biocompatible.


LAN Platform is application software based on UDP for LAN chat software, set the mainstream communication functions into one body, play LAN stability, quick advantage, provide interactive communication platform for LAN users. The software does not require a server, start the engine and the current online users, the software also provides cross network game search function, provides for the majority of War3 lovers convenient battle platform. Keyword: LAN Platform;UDP;TCP;WarCraft3;LAN


* Abbreviations:
 HPV — : human papillomavirus
 9vHPV — : 9-valent human papillomavirus vaccine

Peyton Rous began his famous experiments in 1909 at the Rockefeller Institute, demonstrating that a sarcoma on the chest of a Plymouth Rock hen that had been brought to him by a farmer from Long Island, New York, could be transplanted to other chickens. Because cell-free tumor extracts resulted in transmission of the sarcoma to other hens, he postulated the agent must be a small transmissible agent, possibly a virus.1 The concept that a virus might cause cancer was outside the prevailing concepts of the time, and his postulate languished for years.

In 1964, Epstein et al2 described the first identified human DNA tumor virus in cell lines obtained from African children suffering from Burkitt lymphoma, demonstrating the human oncogenic potential of this virus (later named the Epstein-Barr virus). By 1981, hepatitis B virus had been linked to hepatocellular carcinoma, and a plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccine was licensed as the first anticancer vaccine.3 In 1983, papillomavirus DNA was isolated from human cervical cancer tissue, and today, human papillomavirus (HPV) is recognized to cause essentially all cervical cancers.4 The US Food and Drug Administration licensed the first HPV vaccine in 2006.

Wherever vaccination campaigns against these 2 vaccine-preventable …

Address correspondence to H. Cody Meissner, MD, Tufts University School of Medicine, 800 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111. E-mail: cmeissner{at}tuftsmedicalcenter.org


the scientific meanings of vulnerability applied in different study field are discussed in order to understand the vulnerability of ecology and environment. More attention is paid to analyze various opinions of vulnerability of ecology and environment so that authors show themselves views. In additional, the relations between vulnerability and sensitivity, stability, vulnerable ecotone are discussed in this study.


The Clinical Laboratory Technician (CLT) Program provides students with the opportunity to acquire the skills to work in a clinical laboratory, hospital or other health agency.


This report refers to work completed during my internship with the Mechatronics Research Group at the department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering at the University of Melbourne, Australia from September 5th, 2003 until March 5th, 2004. Recognition of three-dimensional objects in two-dimensional images is a key area of research in computer vision. One approach is to save multiple 2D views instead of a 3D object representation thus reducing the problem to a 2D to 2D matching problem. The Mechatronics Research Group is developing a novel system that focuses on artificial objects and further reduces the 2D views to symbolic descriptions. These descriptions are based on shape-primitives: ellipses, rectangles and isosceles triangles. Evidence in support of a hypothesis for a certain object classification is collected through an active vision approach. This work deals with the design and implementation of a data structure that is capable of holding such a symbolic representation and an algorithm for comparison and matching. The chosen symbolic representation of an object view is rotation-, scalingand translation-invariant. For the comparison and matching of two object views a branch & bound algorithm based on problem specific heuristics is used. Furthermore, a GA-based generalization operator is proposed to reduce the number of object views in the system database. Experiments show that the query performance scales linearly with the size of the database. For a database containing 10000 entries, a response time of less than a second is expected on an average system.


Solid matrices represent approximately 40% of the samples encountered in typical chromatographic analyses. This article discusses mehtods for the extraction of analytes from solid matrices. The author describes traditional techniques such as sonication and soxhlet extraction and modern techniques such as supercritical fluid extraction, pressurized-fluid extraction, and microwave-assisted extraction. The article critically compares these techniques in terms of speed, organic solvent usage, and degree automation


The utility model discloses a gynecological endoscopic dilator, which comprises an upper plate and a lower plate which is connected with the upper plate through a pin shaft, wherein a dilating adjusting device is arranged between the upper and the lower plates, the lower plate is provided with a camera shooting device, the camera shooting device comprises an infrared camera and a bushing which is fixed on the lower plate, the infrared camera can slide inside the bushing, the infrared camera is connected with a signal line, the single line is connected with a signal terminal, and the signal terminal is connected with a display screen. With the dilating adjusting device, the openness of the gynecological endoscopic dilator is convenient to adjust. The camera shooting device is arranged inside the lower plate, so the focus of the patient can be conveniently observed, thereby favoring the reasonable diagnosis.


The phosphorylation of histone H2AX (γ‐H2AX) at the DNA double‐strand break (DSB) site is frequently used for quantifying DSBs and may be useful as a biomarker for clinical applications. We have previously reported a flow cytometry‐based quantification of γ‐H2AX for clinical routine. One major challenge, however, is the lack of a control sample for normalization of the day‐to‐day variation of the flow cytometry γ‐H2AX assay.


Summary
When a patient needs help to change position or move, assistant nurses must be able to offer the right support in order to help the patient in the best way, based on the conditions that exist in that particular situation. Hjalpmedelcenter Sweden is a national knowledgecenter within movementknowledge in healthcare. The company wants to follow the digital development and therefor develop an app which facilitates in situations where assistant nurses move patients. The app should offer instructions on how unique moving situations can be performed in a safe and gentle way for everyone involved. The app will be based on Hjalpmedelcenter Sweden method, which always put the patient in focus. The aim of the project was to produce a clickable prototype on the app. The purpose of the prototype was to visualize the flow that the user needs to click through to get the solution.

With the goal of creating an app that is easy to understand and use, a user-centered design process has been integrated into the project. The project was started with a comprehensive research on assistant nurses and how they move patients today. In user studies it emerged that there were many different types of users and that each movement situation is unique. A large part of the project consisted of analyzing how these different conditions made different demands on the app. At the analysis phase, problems with the situation today could be listed. These problems could then be transformed into requirements of the app. The requirements were then used as a starting point in the continued design work. Furthermore, an extensive analysis was made of which questions the app needs to ask the user to be able to get their moving-solution, and how these best can be structured in the app. The aim was to create the flow as simple and efficient as possible, taking into account the different requirements of the users.

Then the conceptualization phase could begin. This phase was started with an idea generation which switched to creating visual solutions and concepts on the app. At first, the focus was on structure and functions where wireframes were created. Then the visual feeling was created in the app where color schemes, fonts, logo, icons, illustrations and other graphic elements were developed. These emotional elements were applied to the wireframes produced in the step before. Finally, a user scenario was applied to the prototype to reflect a real moving situation.

The final concept is a proposal of how an app can be designed based on the different user needs and requirements. The prototype is intended as an opportunity for the company Hjalpmedelcenter Sweden to be able to continue working on their ideas of an app for assistant nurses and moving patients.


ECT led to better results than medication for treatment-resistant bipolar disorder, but remission rates did not differ between the two groups.


An implicit unconditionally stable of higher accuracy for bi-parabolic equation is derived, its local truncation error is O(τ~2+h~4). The bi-parabolic equation is decomposed into two second order parabolic equation, the one is nonhomogeneous and other one is homogeneous, the two equations are all solved by stable difference schence of truucation error O(τ~2+h~4).


With an aging population and no reduction in Listeria cases, listeriosis is likely to become even more important in Europe, and all potential food industry control measures should be explored. A Listeria 5-point control plan to manage the occurrence of Listeria in high hygiene food manufacturing areas has been developed and trialed in the United Kingdom and Ireland since 2016; it comprises these points: • Prevent entry of Listeria into high hygiene food manufacturing areas using effective barriers. • Ensure that the high hygiene manufacturing infrastructure (building structure, equipment, and utensils) cannot harbor and/or allow the growth of Listeria (Listeria sources). • Ensure that high hygiene good manufacturing practices limit the cross-contamination vectors that can carry Listeria from sources to product or product- contact surfaces. • Design an effective cleaning and disinfection program that will kill or remove any Listeria that has entered the high hygiene area since the previous cleaning program. • Provide an environmental monitoring and microbiological verification sampling program that monitors and verifies Listeria control procedures. This review suggests that the plan develops a team ethos among factory technical, production, engineering, and hygiene functions and that success has been achieved in reducing the prevalence of Listeria in product and the environment.


Since 1998 European Study Groups have been held in Denmark, and Danish companies from LEGO and NOVO to very small high‐tech firms have participated. Here, I briefly describe the history, the organization and the format of the Danish Study Groups, and highlight a few problem solutions. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


In the present laws of China there are inadequate rights for the proper role of the Procuratorial Organ in the civil action. Its rights only lie in the anti-accusation, but the limitation of its rights is not clear and there are some deficiencies of the procedure. Therefore it is important to give the Procuratorial Organ to take the proceedings so that it can play its proper part in the civil action.


We describe a step-level indoor localization system which uses the ground vibration induced by human footsteps. Indoor localization is important for various smart building applications, including resources arrangement optimization, patient/customer tracking, etc. Geophones are used to measure the ground vibrations and time difference of arrival (TDoA) for different sensors are used to solve the multilateration localization problem. The advantages of this system include its sparsity and also its stability over time. Lesser dependency on instrument people is another upside of this system. The results of pilot tests show that this system can be successfully used for indoor localization.


In this paper,the progresses about the identification,processing,chemical constituents,pharmacological action and toxicity of Melia toosendan are summarized,which could provide some useful information for further study and application of Melia toosendan.


Understanding of the electric field and electric potential distribution in medium voltage medical equipment are very important for designed and developed to take advantageous. The antitumor effectiveness of electrotheraphy which can be used to reduce the tumor massis highly dependen on the accuracy of the electric field and potential distributed through the tumor area. Biological materials such as human head has a particular value of permittivity which related to frequency. This paper present a visualization of electric field andpotential distribution using MATLAB and COMSOL Multiphysics in two dimensional, based on the finite element method. PET-CT Images are also used to determine the pulsed electric field properties of biological materials. The results shows that the maximum intensity of the electric field was received by nasopharynx cancer.


BULLOCK, MERRY, and GELMAN, ROCHEL. Preschool Children's Assumptions about Cause and Effect: Temporal Ordering. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1979, 50, 89-96. Preschool-aged children have been characterized as lacking an assumption that causes only precede or co-occur with effects. However, when 3-5-year-olds were shown a simple sequence of mechanical events in which 1 potential cause preceded and another followed an effect, they picked the first event as a cause. Further experimental trials indicated that order is dominant over other causal cues. A comparison of nonverbal and verbal responses revealed that, while children as young as 3 years behave as though they use an assumption of unidirectional order in reasoning about causality, it is only the older children who show some ability to articulate this belief.


Acknowledgments Introduction. Visualizing and Romancing the Revolution Chapter 1. The Revolution as Media Event: Documentary Image and the Archive Chapter 2. Historicity and the Archive: Reconstruction and Appropriation Chapter 3. Pancho Villa on Two Sides of the Border Chapter 4. Avant-Garde Gestures and Nationalist Images of Mexico in Eisenstein's Unfinished Project Chapter 5. Reconfiguring the Revolution: Celebrity and Melodrama Chapter 6. The Aesthetics of Spectacle Chapter 7. Competing Narratives and Converging Visions Conclusion. Thoughts on Working with the Archive Notes Bibliography Index


This contribution explores how the emerging goals, approaches, and methodologies of design experiments might be productively combined with methods of inquiry common in more traditional laboratory science and considers the potential benefits of such a dialectic. The authors hope to promote a constructive dialogue to help formulate an infrastructure for the science of education that synthesizes theoretical insights supported by a wide array of investigational methodologies (Posner & McCandliss, 1993).


Robert Frost says that "Mowing" is the best poem in A Boy's Will,his first collection of poetry. Critics usually consider it as "an outstanding sonnet". H.A.Maxson,however,argues that "Mowing" "simply does not act like a sonnet" because "it does not develop an idea,expand on it,twist it around… It does not turn,clearly and decisively,at all." A metrical analysis,therefore,is made here in this paper to illustrate Frost's manipulation of sonnet,the most strict form of English poetry,and to show that this poem not only acts like a sonnet but also is "the most advanced and original sonnet".


The Sassanid era is one of the brightest periods of art and civilization in Iran. There are major remains of many different types: monumental rock reliefs, silver vessels, stucco architectural decoration, and seals. Sassanid art and culture could affect on the Islamic arts in Iran, including in the field of urbanism, architecture, textiles, metallurgy, painting, pottery. There are a lot of motifs that are very similar to the Sassanid ones. The Sassanid Empire had an enduring legacy in the Islamic period. On the one hand, the continuation of certain artistic techniques, such as silk production, plate, and stucco, may be attributed to the caliph's practical marshaling of Sassanid artists to the service of the new state. In some cases, motifs on the artwork of the Islamic era do not show only a simple pattern of previous art, but we see full compliance and a copy of the Sassanid motifs. The pottery as well as cultural and artistic works belonging to the Islamic period too show that they were not unaffected by the Sassanid period. Here, an attempt is being made to study the transition of culture and art of the Sassanid era to the Islamic period. The study of the pottery motifs in the Islamic period can specify the amount of influence and the reasons for the transfer of Sassanid art. This research focuses on the designs of Islamic pottery that are much similar to the Sassanid motifs.


In the National Library of Scotland under R.283.C. (bound volumes) and pressmrk Mus.Box.250 (boxes of loose materials) are collections of long-neglected playbills—a mine for detailed study of many aspects of theatre in Edinburgh. No printed catalogue of these ephemerae exists, though they provide valuable information that J. C. Dibdin chose to omit from The Annals of the Edinburgh Stage. The collections of Edinburgh playbills are uneven. Sixteen of forty-two Theatre Royal seasons between 1810 and 1851 are not represented by any bills.


Abstract : The characteristics and problems of cavity reactors with fuel in the solid, solid/liquid, solid/liquid/gas, liquid and liquid/gas states are explored analytically in an effort to uncover interesting operational regimes. Operation with the fuel in a thin liquid film on the cavity wall promises continuous fission debris removal and interesting performance (e.g. 2000 MW(th) in a 5 ft radius cavity), but poses problems of container penetration by the fuel and gravity induced fuel flow. These problems are avoided when the fuel film is solid at the expense of power and operational duration. (Author)


The purpose of this article is to describe an approach to language activities through the wide use of reading material. The plan does not follow the traditional daily program that definitely assigns a given period of time daily to each subject, such as reading, language, and writing. It does provide, however, that one-fourth of the school day be given to language activities in which the teacher endeavors to broaden, deepen, and enrich the mental and emotional experiences of the pupils and to increase their ability to express themselves effectively and pleasingly both in speaking and in writing. The procedure which is here described utilizes the content of numerous books which are read as the basis for constructive lan-


Objective To prepare estradiol chitosan nanoparticles with sodium tripolyphosphate(TPP)as crosslinking agent and chitosan(CS)as biodegradable polymer material,and investigate its physico-chemical property and nasal absorption kinetics.Methods The estradiol(E2)loaded chitosan nanoparticles were prepared by ionic gelation of chitosan with tripolyphosphate anions(TPP).The particle size of nanoparticles were determined by dynamic light scattering(DLS)analyzer.The encapsulation efficiency was determined by ultra-centrifugation;the release progress was studied by dialysis membrane bag method.The in situ nasal recirculation methods was used as experiment model to study the nasal absorption kinetics of rats through the administration of estradiol chitosan nanoparticles with the concentrations of 5,10,20,30 and 40 mg·L-1.Results The chitosan nanoparticles were formed when CS to TPP ratios were between 3∶1-7∶1.The optimum ratio was 5∶1 with a mean nanoparticles size of(279.1±7.2)nm.The encapsulation efficiency decreased with the increase of estradiol concentration.In vitro release studies revealed a fast release during the first two hours followed by a more gradual drug release during a 12 h period with release percent over 80%.The perfusion volume of 5mL and flow rate of 2.5 mL·min-1 were determined,and the nasal absorptions were detected at different concentration(5,10,20,30 and 40 mg·L-1),the result indicated that the absorption rate of different concentrations were significantly different,and K increased with the increase of the concentration.Conclusions The estradiol(E2)-loaded chitosan nanoparticles prepared by ionic gelation is transparent with uniform particle size;it releases estradiol slowly in vitro.The mechanism of estradiol nasal absorption is concentration-dependant,which followed the need of zero-order kinetics.


The combination of porous material with nonthermal plasma (NTP) technology to reduce the amount of particulate matter emitted from a direct-injection compression-ignition engine was investigated in this study. The investigation aimed at regulating particulate matter under long-term operation. A porous materials filter thickness of 4 mm was installed in the NTP reactor. The common rail diesel engine was fueled with 7%-vol biodiesel fuel (B7), and the experiment was carried out at steady-state conditions at 2000 rpm and indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) of 6 bar. The effects of NTP high-voltage discharge (e.g., 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, and 10 kV) and the porous filter thickness (e.g., 0, 2, 4, and 6 mm) on particle number size distributions were examined. The protype of combine porous filter and NTP illustrated good particulate removal (>70%) operated with a thickness of 4 mm of porous materials filter and a high voltage of 6 kV under the same power rating.


This poster paper introduces KOSO, an ontology to structure expert knowledge about different types of knowledge organization systems (KOS). It serves as a metadata vocabulary for describing ontologies and other KOS and helps to capture cross-concordances and interrelations between them. 1


The topic of deep acoustic echo control (DAEC) has seen many approaches with various model topologies in recent years. Convolutional recurrent networks (CRNs), consisting of a convolutional encoder and decoder encompassing a recurrent bottleneck, are repeatedly employed due to their ability to preserve nearend speech even in double-talk (DT) condition. However, past architectures are either computationally complex or trade off smaller model sizes with a decrease in performance. We propose an improved CRN topology which, compared to other realizations of this class of architectures, not only saves parameters and computational complexity, but also shows improved performance in DT, outperforming both baseline architectures FCRN and CRUSE. Striving for a condition-aware training, we also demonstrate the importance of a high proportion of double-talk and the missing value of nearend-only speech in DAEC training data. Finally, we show how to control the trade-off between aggressive echo suppression and near-end speech preservation by fine-tuning with condition-aware component loss functions.


At STUDY of the life portraits of Alexander Hamilton, all but two of which were done in the comparatively short span of fifteen years, brings to mind the suddenness of the flowering of his fame. This is in striking contrast to the careers of contemporary statesmen like Washington, Adams, Jefferson, and Madison, whose long, gradual rise to fame and lasting eminence kept them in the public eye for decade after decade and provided subjects for the brushes of several generations of artists. Hamilton shot across the American scene like a dazzling meteor. In 1780, at the age of twenty-five, he was practically unknown, except as a promising young man among the group of promising young men on Washington's staff. In that year he made himself an important figure in New York by becoming the son-in-law of Philip Schuyler; during the next ten years Hamilton's genius was to make the Schuyler interest the most powerful connection in New York; in the following ten years Hamilton himself was to become the most influential man in the new national government. The Hamilton portraits emphasize in vivid fashion the rapidness of this rise, and the relative briefness of the career which left such a mark on the early history of the Republic.


In many modern applications, the image data consists of a sequence of frames which may be degraded by object motion. Examples include high- speed television where the purpose is to record and analyze rapid motion of objects and production of still frame hardcopy from vide recordings. It is often the case that the motion of the image of the object on the recording sensor moves significantly during the time the shutter is open. Since different objects may be moving in different directions at different speeds, the resulting blur is space-variant. Two problems are addressed in this research: determination of the space-variant motion and restoration with space-variant point spread functions. The work presented here uses the surrounding frames to obtain information about the relative motion, and together with information about the shutter speed, estimates the motion blur in local regions of the image. The advantage is that there are no limitations of the type of motion which can be treated. A restoration method has been developed which can deal with this directly, as opposed to geometrically warping the image to produce an image which is treated by spatially-invariant methods. The method is a modification of the iterative Landweber iteration which is implemented using overlapping sections.


Objective The achievements of tuberculosis control project supported with global fund for four years were analyzed.Methods We strengthened the cooperation between the organization for tuberculosis prevention and hospital,effectively tracked and managed patients through the tuberculosis network-reporting system in all hospitals,strengthened the work's system and the measure of rewards and punishment.Results With project carried out,the comprehensive prevention and control measures were strengthened and the discovery and treatment of infectious resource were elevated year by year.The registration rate of newly-discovered smear-positive patients rise from 9.24/100,000 in 2003 to 51.14/100,000 in 2006.The cure rate of tuberculosis raised from 72% in 2003 to 95.6% in 2006.ConclusionWTB Tuberculosis control project supported with global fund at Qingyang District were quite effective.And the patient's discovering and referring rate was elevated effectively.


. We estimated the breeding population of Streaked Shearwaters Calonectris leucomelas , and investigated their nest burrow structures on Nakanokamishima. Streaked Shearwater nest burrows were found throughout the survey area, and at highest densities in flat or gentle sloping areas. The nest burrow density was 0.64 ± 0.22 nest/m 2 for the high nest-den-sity area, 0.19 ± 0.15 nest/m 2 for the thicket area, and 0.10 ± 0.10 nest/m 2 for the low nest-den-sity area. Brooding nest density was 0.13 ± 0.10 nest/m 2 for the high nest-density area, 0.01 ± 0.03 nest/m 2 for the thicket area, and 0.01 ± 0.03 nest/m 2 for the low nest-density area. We multiplied the 3D area by the nest burrow or brooding nest density in each area type, and the total numbers of nest burrow and brooding nest on Nakanokamishima were estimated to be 18,853 and 2,783 nests, respectively, and breeders as 5,566 birds. Entrances of nest burrows of Streaked Shearwater positioned in slope areas tended to be directed to downward of the slope, and entrances of those in flat places tended to be directed to the nearest coast. We found two types of nest structure: straight or curved ( or hooked ) types. The length of burrows was 75 ± 22 cm for the straight type and 99 ± 20 cm for the curved type.


Reliable and valid measurement tools are crucial for clinical practice in chronic nonspecific neck pain (CNSNP). The Copenhagen Neck Functional Disability Scale (CNFDS) is a widely used scale in neck pain assessment and has its unique advantages, but it is not available for patients with CNSNP in southern China.


the generality of the discussion and analysis disappoints, as does the rather brief consideration of some important questions. For instance, why not control for the influence of system of government (democratic, non-democratic, and so forth)? Why restrict the analysis of leadership in the more mature Western countries to the period since 1900? What is the range of possible connections between the length of leadership tenure and a country's "governability?"—a question posed, but unsatisfactorily answered, by Bienen and van de Walle themselves. The data set is large and at first glance impressive. (It takes up 85 pages of the book.) However, a scan of the 53 cases dealt with in the instances of Canada, the US and Great Britain alone reveals five errors in the recording of just a single variable, the ages at which the presidents and prime ministers of this century took office. For example, the ages of Arthur Balfour and Harold Wilson are incorrectly reported (Wilson seems to have gained a decade), while the same is true of Arthur Meighen, who seems to have shed six years. This is an incidence of error of nearly 10 per cent and gives one pause before automatically accepting the accuracy of the rest of the data.


Abstract This article considers the processing of the born-digital archive of the English poet Wendy Cope, deposited at the British Library in 2011. Using the Cope Archive as a template, the authors set out a six-part workflow to acquire, preserve, process and make it accessible. The Cope Archive, which contains several types of digital media, presented various problems. The authors, however, were able to successfully apply their workflow and outline the various software and methods used at each stage. They conclude that, though each born-digital archive presents a unique set of issues, the proposed workflow is a successful framework that would be applicable to most.


A polarized electromagnet with bi or monostable operation is provided in which two flux channelling pieces of rectangular shape are disposed one in the other and are magnetically associated by means of permanent magnets, whose axes, parallel to that of the coil, pass substantially through the carcase of said coil, inside which slides a core provided with two plates when the operation is to be bistable.


The present paper deals with the numerical study of high pressure LOx/H2 or LOx/hydrocarbon combustion for propulsion systems. The present research effort is driven by the continued interest in achieving low cost, reliable access to space and more recently, by the renewed interest in hypersonic transportation systems capable of reducing time-to-destination. Moreover, combustion at high pressure has been assumed as a key issue to achieve better propulsive performance and lower environmental impact, as long as the replacement of hydrogen with a hydrocarbon, to reduce the costs related to ground operations and increase flexibility. The current work provides a model for the numerical simulation of high- pressure turbulent combustion employing detailed chemistry description, embedded in a RANS equations solver with a Low Reynolds number k-omega turbulence model. The model used to study such a combustion phenomenon is an extension of the standard flamelet-progress-variable (FPV) turbulent combustion model combined with a Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes equation Solver (RANS). In the FPV model, all of the thermo-chemical quantities are evaluated by evolving the mixture fraction Z and a progress variable C. When using a turbulence model in conjunction with FPV model, a probability density function (PDF) is required to evaluate statistical averages of chemical quantities. The choice of such PDF must be a compromise between computational costs and accuracy level. State- of-the-art FPV models are built presuming the functional shape of the joint PDF of Z and C in order to evaluate Favre-averages of thermodynamic quantities. The model here proposed evaluates the most probable joint distribution of Z and C without any assumption on their behavior.


Cervical and lumbar spine fusion procedures are increasing every year. Nonetheless, these procedures are associated with high infection rates, resulting in additional cost burden. The conundrum of ...


This report presents the results of Viking Aerothermodynamics Test D4-34.0. Motion picture coverage of a number of Scale model drop tests provides the data from which time-position characteristics as well as canopy shape and model system attitudes are measured. These data are processed to obtain the instantaneous drag during staging of a model simulating the Viking decelerator system during parachute staging at Mars. Through scaling laws derived prior to test (Appendix A and B) these results are used to predict such performance of the Viking decelerator parachute during staging at Mars. The tests were performed at the NASA/Kennedy Space Center (KSC) Vertical Assembly Building (VAB). Model assemblies were dropped 300 feet to a platform in High Bay No. 3. The data consist of an edited master film (negative) which is on permanent file in the NASA/LRC Library. Principal results of this investigation indicate that for Viking parachute staging at Mars: 1. Parachute staging separation distance is always positive and continuously increasing generally along the descent path. 2. At staging, the parachute drag coefficient is at least 55% of its prestage equilibrium value. One quarter minute later, it has recovered to its pre-stage value.


ACC deaminase producing bacteria reduces the excess ethylene produced by stressed plant because ACC deaminase catalyzes the cleavage of ACC into ammonium and α-ketobutyrate. ACC deaminase is produced by several rhizospheric and endophytic bacteria. This study was aimed to obtain ACC deaminase producing bacteria isolated from rhizosfer and plant roots of maize, cowpea, and groundnut growing under saline stress. Isolation was conducted by surface plating on NA medium. Qualitative selection was based on the growth of isolate on DF salts medium supplemented with AIB. Quantitative selection based on ACC deaminase activity assay. Identification of the isolates was carried out by morphologycally and sequencing of 16S rRNA gene. Isolation and selection resulted four bacterial isolates (AJG3, RJG6, ATL5, and RTN10). Those bacterial isolates have the ACC deaminase activity between 184.65 to 692.54 nmol α-ketobutyrate. mg−1. h−1. Isolate of AJG3, RJG6, and ATL5 were gram negative bacteria, only one isolate was gram positive bacteria (RTN10). Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence, AJG3, RJG6, ATL5, and RTN10 isolates have a high similarity with Klebsiella variicola, Rhizobium pusense, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, and Bacillus stratosphericus respectively.


The quality of catchment runoff and of discharges from point and distributed sources including sewer overflows and the impact of these discharges on receiving waters is of increasing concern throughout Australia. When preparing management plans for catchments undergoing land use change three issues of concern are consistently identified by the community. These issues are flooding and drainage, water quality and riparian vegetation. In particular, the impact of urbanisation on water quality is now viewed as a central issue. The XP-AQUALM catchment based water quality modelling package is being increasingly used in Australia to investigate water quality issues when preparing catchment management strategies and plans. The features of the XP-AQUALM packages are overviewed. The use of the package to assess water quality impacts of uncontrolled and controlled development in the urbanising Oxley Creek (54 km 2 ) catchment is presented. The resulting strategy for stormwater pollution control is also outlined. It is concluded that the case study demonstrates the ability of the XP-AQUALM catchment based water quality package to assess the impacts of land use change and point source and non-point source pollution in order to formulate management plans for urbanising catchments that are environmentally sustainable.


Abstract : This report describes a fiber-optic link design for the long-haul remoting of HF antennas. The link presented here is intended for remoting the antenna element a distance upwards of 7.0 km (4.3 mi) but the theoretical treatment allows for the design and analysis of links for greater stand offs. The analysis is carried out using well-established theory and verified experimental data which are employed throughout. A complete list of supporting references is also provided. The fiber-optic link performance is summarized as a 7-km point-to-point link with a single radio-frequency input and output having the following performance metrics over the 2-30 MHz range: -0.86 dB gain, 21 dB noise figure, 116.7 dB-Hz2/3 spurious-free dynamic range above 1-Hz bandwidth, and 0.14 deg/deg C phase stability over temperature. These metrics are for the fiber-optic link only and throughout the report we compare this performance to various all-electric systems demonstrating that the fiber link is suitable for HF applications.


Fremdlinge are opaque assemblages within CAis that are mainly composed of NiFe metal, V-magnetite and µm-sized RuOs nuggets. The prevailing scenario for their origin includes condensation, aggregation and equilibration at low T (≾ 600°C); they are then thought to be introduced into CAis at high T, followed by rapid cooling, thereby preserving the textures and assemblages from the pre-CAl, low T histories (Armstrong et al., 1985; Armstrong et al., 1987). A constraint on cooling rates of Fremdlinge comes from sharp contacts observed between RuOs nuggets and NiFe
metals that enclose them. To determine the length of time that these contacts could have been held at high T, thin-film diffusion experiments were conducted with an
electroplated Ru film on Ni. Samples were annealed at 1400, 1200, 1000 and 800°C for 0.3-137 hours. Measured Ru profiles in Ni were consistent with the following Arrhenius expression: D(cm^2/sec) = 0.0050exp(-2.3 x 10^(12)/RT) (T in K, R in Cgs units). Based on these data, we calculate that cooling rates of ≳ 10^5C/hr are necessary to preserve sharp contacts between RuOs and NiFe metals if they experienced the T of CAl melting (~ 1400°C) (Stolper and Paque, 1986). We consider this rate unreasonable in light of cooling rates inferred from experimental studies of the silicate portions of CAis (10^(-1) to 10^2°C/hr) (Stolper and Paque, 1986).


Authors : F. Motamedi Sedeh, Sh. Chahardoli, H. Mahravani, N. Harzandi, M. Sotoodeh, S. K. Shafaei Abstract : Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is the most economically important disease of livestock. The aim of the study is inactivation of FMD virus type O/IRN/2010 by electron beam without antigenic changes as electron radio vaccine. The BALB/C mice were divided into three groups, each group containing five mice. Three groups of mice were inoculated with conventional vaccine and electron beam irradiated vaccine FMDV type O/IRN/2010 subcutaneously three weeks interval, the final group as negative control. The sera were separated from the blood samples of mice 14 days after last vaccination and tested for the presence of antibodies against FMDV type O/IRN/2010 by serum neutralization test. The Serum Neutralization Test (SNT) was carried out and antibody titration was calculated according to the Kraber protocol. The results of the SNT in three groups of mice showed the titration of neutralizing antibody in the vaccinated mice groups; electron radio vaccine and conventional vaccine were significantly higher than negative control group (P<0.05). Therefore, the radio vaccine is a good candidate to immunize animals against FMDV type O/IRN/2010.


Spatial analysis of the population ethnic structure is a poorly developed area of socio-geographical research in Uzbekistan. The authors of the article are the first to develop a multi-level scheme of ethno-geographical zoning of Uzbekistan based on the current statistical data on the ethnic composition of the population in the republic. These statistical materials are the only source of information on the ethnic structure of the population of the country and its regions, taking into account the fact that the census in Uzbekistan has not been conducted after 1989. In the course of research, the methodological foundations of ethno-geographical zoning of Uzbekistan were developed, in particular, its principles, criteria, and taxonomic units. Ethno-geographical zoning was carried out in accordance with the grid of administrative-territorial division based on spatial grouping of rural areas and cities of regional and republican subordination; 33 types of ethnic environments were distinguished. Zoning is three-level and includes three taxonomic stages: 4 ethnogeographic provinces, 6 ethnogeographic districts and 32 ethnogeographic areas. In addition, there were identified 'through' spatial units − ethnogeographic tiers: upper (mountain), middle (foothill-plain) and lower (desert-oasis). The main ethnogeographic boundaries within the territory of Uzbekistan, tied to the orographic and landscape boundaries, were determined. The features of the population ethnic structure in all the ethnogeographic provinces, districts and areas are characterized. An ethno-geographical zoning map of the republic has been compiled.


One of the most compelling illustrations of the power of parallelism is the furniture-moving paradigm. In it, a large item of furniture needs to be moved from one place to another. A single mover, working alone, must take the item apart, move each piece separately, and then reassemble the item at the new location, taking a long time to complete the job. By contrast, four movers can simply lift the item and quickly move it to its new location. Thus, the time required to accomplish the task is reduced by a factor significantly larger than four. This paper describes a computational analog to the furniture-moving paradigm. The computation in question is concerned with transferring a computer file from one computer system to another over an insecure communications channel. The file contains private or sensitive information whose secrecy and integrity need to be maintained. Cryptography is used to obtain a digital signature of the file, thereby protecting its integrity, and then encrypting it to ensure its secrecy. If the file transfer is performed sequentially, the file and its digital signature need to be broken into blocks, each of which is signed and encrypted individually then transmitted. At the receiving end, each block is checked for authenticity, then the original file is reassembled and its digital signature verified. On the other hand, performing the file transfer in parallel allows the entire file and its digital signature to be sent as a whole in one step. Consequently, the parallel solution speeds up the sequential one by a factor that is superlinear in the number of processors used.


The therapeutic effectiveness of sulfanilamide may be markedly enhanced in the presence of other antibacterial agents, notably immune serums. The question presents itself as to whether or not a similar synergistic action may be obtained by the combined use of two different chemotherapeutic substances. In vitro studies on the combined bacteriostatic activity upon pneumococci of sulfapyridine or sulfathiazole and optochin hydrochloride (ethylhydrocupreine hydrochloride) or beta hydroxyethylapocupreine dihydrochloride (Parke, Davis & Co.) failed to reveal such a synergistic effect. 1 On the other hand, it could be shown that with E. coli as test organism, the combined use of pyridium (phenylazo-alpha-alpha-diamino-pyridine mono-hydrochloride) and sulfamido compounds resulted in bacteriostatic effects beyond that exerted by either compound alone. 2 The activity of sulfamido compounds and azochloramid used in combination against hemolytic streptococcus Group A and enterococcus is reported in the following communication. Azochloramid (N, N'x-Dichloroazodicarboxamidine) (Wallace and Tiernan products) was chosen as a representative of chlorine compounds. It is a bacteriostatic and bactericidal agent which is relatively stable and whose effectiveness in the presence of organic matter is inhibited to a slight degree only. As test microörganisms a strain of beta hemolytic streptococcus (Group A Lancefield) which was isolated from the chest fluid of a patient with empyema and a strain of hemolytic enterococcus that was isolated from the urine of a patient with infection of the urinary tract, were used. Brain heart infusion and 1/4% maltose phenol red broth (Difco) were employed as culture media. Sulfanilamide [p-aminobenzenesulfonamide, prontylin, repurified for injection (Winthrop)] and sulfathiazole [2-sulfanilamidothiazole (Squibb)] were dissolved in appropriate amounts in broth by heating in a water bath. These solutions as well as the broth media were sterilized by autoclaving at 15 lb pressure for 12 minutes.


Spina bifida is a neural tube defect with average incidence of 1-2 cases per 1000 population with female to male ratio of 1.2:1.These defects occur as a result to a teratogenic process that causes failed closure and abnormal differentiation of the embryonic neural tube. The major neural tube defects include spina bifida occulta, meningocele, myelomeningocele, encephalocele, anencephaly, dermal sinus. We report a case of a one-day-old female neonate who was delivered at term gestation and presented with respiratory distress and congenital anomaly. Local and systemic examination was thoroughly done and a clinical diagnosis of myelomeningocele, a severe form of spina bifida was made. Introduction Spina bifida is a treatable spinal cord malformation that occurs in varying degrees of severity. Classified as a defect of the neural tube and have a range of presentations, from stillbirth to incidental radiogra-phic findings of spina bifida occulta to a severe form, myelomeningocele which is visible at birth and presents with a spectrum of impairments, but the primary functional deficits are lower limb paralysis and sensory loss, bladder and bowel dysfunction and cognitive dysfunction. 1 The anatomic level of the myelomeningocele sac roughly correlates with the patient's neurologic, motor and sensory deficits. 2 It is associated with abnormal development of the cranial neural tube, which results inseveral characteristic CNS anomalies. The Chiari type II malformation is characterized by cerebellar hypoplasia and varying degrees of caudal displacement of the lower brainstem into the upper cervical canal through the foramen magnum. This deformity impedes the flow and absorption of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and causes hydrocephalus, which occurs in more than 90% of infants with myelomeningocele. 3 The etiology in most cases is multifactorial, involving genetic, racial and envir-onmental factors, in which nutrition, particularly folic acid intake, is key. Laboratory screening tests for neural tube defects can be performed through blood tests (maternal serum triple or quadruple screen), amniocentesis or both. These typically are used in combination with fetal ultrasonography. Prenatal diagnosis and ultrasonographic confirma-tion www.jmscr.igmpublication.org Impact Factor 5.84 Index Copernicus Value: 83.27 ISSN (e)-2347-176x ISSN (p) 2455-0450 DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v5i6.74


A system has been designed to provide an assessment of noise levels that result from testing activities at Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD. The system receives meteorological data from surface stations and an upper air sounding system. The meteorological data are used as input into an acoustic ray trace model which projects sound level contours onto a two‐dimensional display of the surrounding area. This information is also provided to the range control office where a decision can be made to proceed or delay the test activity depending upon acoustic propagation conditions. To evaluate the noise level predictions, a series of microphones is located off the reservation to monitor sound‐pressure levels. Any events of significant level are transmitted back to the central display unit, allowing for comparison between prediction and data. The computer models are modular, allowing for a variety of models to be utilized and tested to achieve the best agreement with data. This technique of prediction and model validat...


The European Court of Justice (ECJ) rendered a decision regarding supplementary protection certificates (SPCs) for plant protection products and provisional marketing authorisation. The ECJ clarified that SPCs for patented plant protection products may also be based on provisional marketing authorizations pursuant to Article 8(1) Directive 91/114 (author's headnote).


In this presentation, the author touches briefly on some of the strategic issues relating to advances in HV technology from an industrial perspective. Subjects covered include air-insulated switchgear, gas-insulated switchgear, switchgear testing and insulation breakdown characteristics.


Background: Evaluation of Range of motion is an essential outcome measure for any orthopaedic management protocol. A new technology is developed to measure range of motion by using mobile phones. The objective of this study is to determine Intra and Interrater reliability of mobile device goniometer "Goniometer Records®"in measuring lumbar flexion range of motion. Material and Methods: Fifteen students of Physiotherapy aged between 19-24 years. Inclusion criteria: student willing to participate, having normal BMI. Exclusion criteria: any pain or condition not permitting repeated spinal flexion movement. Outcome measurewereIntraclass correlation coefficient for consistency.iPod mobile device with Goniometer Records® software was used. Subject was suitably undressed. Subject was standing with feet shoulder width apart. Spinous process of second sacral vertebra S2 was located at mid-point of line joining posterior superior iliac spines. From here spinous process of twelfth thoracic vertebra T12 was located by palpation and marked. Goniometer was set at zero to begin and between each site over spine. Readings at: T12 and S2 were noted in standing and on maximum flexion with IPod goniometer center line over the markings. Sacral reading was subtracted from T12 range to eliminate hip movement. For intra-rater reliability three readings were noted. Then two other testers took one reading each. Sufficient rest was given between readings for flexion movement. Results: Fourteen females and one male within normal body mass index participated. Mean age of participants was 21.47 years (SD 1.46 range 19-24). Intra-rater reliability using ICC wasr= .917 and inter-rater r=.816at significance of alpha < 0.05. Conclusion: Mobile device goniometer "Goniometer Records® " has high intra-rater reliability. The inter-rater reliability was moderate. This device can be used to assess range of motion of spine flexion, representing uni-planar movement.


of mothers of elementary school aged children in 2017. Regarding the subject and objectives of the research, the present study is of a descriptive-correlation type. The sampling method is a multistage cluster method taken from different schools and among the mothers participating in parent-teacher meetings. Their consent to participate in the study have been obtained In order to assess the attachment style, the 18itemed attachment style questionnaire(ASQ) whose validity and reliability has also been confirmed in Iran, was used and also in order to determine the parenting style of the mothers , the 30itemed parenting style questionnaire (PSQ) was completed. The questionnaire has been based on Baumrind's theory and its validity and reliability have also been confirmed in Iran. After the data collection, the data were entered and analyzed in SPSS software. The sample size was 372 By testing the first hypothesis, the Pearson rate equals -0.368 which shows at the 0.99 level (α= 0.01) that there is an inverse and rather average relationship between the authoritarian parenting style and secure attachment, but as the acceptable significance level is lower or equal to 0.05, therefore we conclude that there is no significant correlation between mothers' secure attachment and their authoritarian parenting style. In the second hypothesis, the Pearson rate equals 0.67 which has become significant at the 0.99 level (α= 0.01); as the acceptable significance level is lower or equal to 0.05 we therefore conclude that there is a positive, significant relationship between mothers' secure attachment and authoritative parenting style. In the third hypothesis, the Pearson rate equals -0.398 which shows at the 0.99 level (α= 0.01) that there is an inverse and rather average relationship between authoritarian parenting style and secure attachment; but as the acceptable significance level is lower or equal to 0.05 thus we conclude that there is no significant correlation between mothers' secure attachment and the permissive parenting style.