ABSTRACT Space environments have a significant influence on advanced composite structures and adhesive joints. Degradation in the mechanical properties of aerospace materials changes the dynamic behavior of the structures and adhesive joints. In this paper, a typical tubular adhesive joint with material degradation due to geostationary orbit (GEO) thermal cycles has been studied numerically with Python scripts. Adhesive joint geometry and boundary conditions are the main parametric study parameters. The results show that the first non – zero natural frequencies of the clamped-free tubular adhesive joint decreased due to mechanical property degradation. A dynamic behavior comparison of the degradation in mechanical properties that occurred after 83 thermal cycles shows that the maximum reduction of the first nonzero natural frequency for 1 mm adherends thickness and 1 mm adhesive thickness cases was 18.8% and 18%, respectively. A susceptibility study of nonzero natural frequencies against thermal cycle degradation shows that the overlap length of 40 mm leads to the highest reduction by 18.6%. Our mode shapes study shows some significant changes in higher natural frequency mode shapes after 83 thermal cycles.


Using the derivative of the Boolean function and the e-derivative defined by ourselves as research tools, we go deep into the internal structure of the Boolean function values. Additionally, by the methods of cascade calculations and analytic combinatorics, cryptographic properties such as correlation immune and algebraic immunity of H Boolean functions with Hamming weight of with diffusibility are studied. Then we prove the existing of m order correlation immune H Boolean functions ,and get the result of the sufficient and necessary conditions of algebraic immunity order is 1 of Boolean function with correlation immune order is m.


We are concerned with models of trust, and the way that trust impacts changes in knowledge and belief. In order to address this problem, we consider transformations on Kripke structures in modal logic. We start with simple trust rules that specify how reported information impacts the truth of a modal formula. Trust rules are defined with respect to a particular source. So an individual trust rule basically indicates when a source's reported information will cause the truth value of a modal formula to change. In the context of epistemic logic, this means that a trust rule indicates when a report will affect the knowledge or belief of the recipient. We demonstrate how a set of trust rules defines a model transformation in which the underlying accessibility relation is modified to ensure all rules are satisfied. This transformation captures how much the underlying source is trusted to impact the recipients perspective on the world. Model transformations of this kind are commonly used to capture belief change in Dynamic Epistemic Logic. What is distinct in our approach is that we show how simple rules can give a compact and flexible specification of trust in an information source. Our approach is also general, in the sense that we consider arbitrary modal change, which means we can capture different conceptions of knowledge and belief. We compare our approach with related work, particularly on the formaliziation of sensing actions. Future directions and applications are also considered.


The formation of methane and hydrogen in the γ-radiolysis of neopentane and isooctane has been studied in the presence of an electron scavenger (N2O) and/or a radical scavenger (styrene). The G-value of nitrogen from neopentane solutions of nitrous oxide was found to be about twice the sum of the decrease in the G-values of methane and hydrogen. From isooctane solutions, G(N2) was more than three times the sum of the decrease in G(H2) and G(CH4). This can be interpreted on the assumption that a significant part of the neutralization of isooctane ions with electrons induces the fragmentation into C4-hydrocarbons. It was also found that a part of the methane formed (0.9 G in neopentane and 0.2 G in isooctane) was not produced by the reactions of ions or methyl radicals, but by a "molecular" process, probably the decomposition of the highly-excited states.


Summary Plasma 7B2 was measured in 13 patients with pancreatic islet cell tumors, 11 with pancreatic adenocarci noma and 31 normal subjects as a control. The mean (+ SD) concentrations of plasma 7B2 in the normal sub jects and the patients with pancreatic islet cell tumors were 67 + 10 and 1041 + 1786 pmol/1, respectively, and the val ue in the patients with pancreatic islet cell tumors was sig nificantly higher than that in the normal subjects (p < 0.01). Elevation of plasma 7B2 over the normal range, defined as less than the mean + 3SD value of those in the normal subjects, was found in 10 of 13 patients with pan creatic islet cell tumors including 4 with nonfunctioning tumor. Plasma 7B2 dropped into the normal range post operatively in 3 patients with nonfunctioning tumor. Plasma 7B2 concentrations in the patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma remained in the normal range. These re sults raise a possibility that 7B2 is a useful marker for pan creatic islet cell tumors, in particular nonfunctioning tumor.


Our study has proposed a method of nondestructive crack detection using the estimated centers of the cracks calculated from the magnetic field around a distribution line. A magnetic filed is distributed in a concentric pattern around a distribution line without any cracks. Therefore, all lines that are perpendicular to the magnetic field direction around such distribution line should intersect at one point, namely, the center of the distribution line. Around a distribution line with cracks, however, these lines will not intersect at one point, because of distortion in the distribution of the magnetic field. This difference can be used detection of cracks in distribution lines. It enables real-time crack detection without imposing specific restrictions on the positions of sensors and the distribution line. In this paper, we examine the optimum pair of sensors for calculating the estimated centers of cracks in order to detect cracks in a distribution line that consists of seven conductive wires. We tested with different depths of crack and considered whether the system could detect cracks automatically.


N DIFFERENT times and cultures, "reality" is experienced and expressed by artists and writers in different ways. Reality and knowledge about it are socially determined and therefore relative. Our problem is here: How and to what degree does the writer succeed in making us believe that literature "copies" reality? The aim of the realistic writer is constant: to write, with respect to the valid norms of his time, more veraciously and to put reality more directly into words than his predecessors have done. The word realism, however, has been so randomly applied to all sorts of texts and literatures that we must very carefully define our use of it. The question remains how realistic literature succeeds in producing an "effect of reality." Realism does not just mean "true to the hard facts." It is not possible to determine it quantitatively in the sense of the more facts in a text, the more realistic the text will be. What is true is not always probable (in the sense of credible)-and therefore realistic-in the eyes of the reader, who uses his own experience of reality as a touchstone.


A study of ways in which education was contributing to the economic regeneration of two large areas of England found that two main types of partnership had been created. In 'strategic' partnerships, the objectives included the development of coherent approaches and of a climate of collaboration between a range of organizations. 'Operational' partnerships were created to plan and implement specific projects. A three-stage process – involving the identification of priority issues, the assessment of existing and potential capabilities of the education sector and the analysis of effectiveness – could help create the culture of learning and enterprise essential to the development of a high-value-added economy.


Effects of spraying different liquid fertilizers on tea plant growth were studied.The results showed that increasing spraying of mult-element compound foliar fertilizer had the best effect on plant growth and tea quality,and compared with spraying urea,the yield of fresh leaf,economic benefit and tea polyphenol content increased by 74%,84% and 244%,respectively,and the concentration of tea aroma and tenderness of tea leaves were moderate.


It was demonstrated that optical modulation together with simultaneous terahertz (THz) imaging application enables an increase in contrast by an order of magnitude illustrating hence the technique as convenient contactless tool for characterization of graphene deposited on high-resistivity silicon substrates. It was shown that the single- and double-layer graphene can be discriminated and characterized via variation of THz image contrast using a discrete frequency in a continuous wave mode. Modulation depth of 45 % has been reached, the contrast variation from 0.16 up to 0.23 is exposed under laser illumination for the single and double layer graphene, respectively. The technique was applied in the development and investigation of graphene-based optical diffractive elements for THz imaging systems.


What could be the relationship between economic sustainability and good government depends on the role that the community plays in daily life and in economic relations. The community or rather the community majority is the natural interpreter about the survival issue for the past and future generations. Furthermore, the same majority can speak for the natural world on the economic orientations and on the current guidelines regarding the programs of the current government. Because of its responsibility towards the survival of human beings, it must have also an indisputable role in the economic development. It's therefore called to choose the best ruling class and to express consent or dissent on government members and on their programs. Listening to the voice of the community is an obligatory duty but should be also an opportunity to be exploited, in order to follow the orientation towards a linear development and the least damage to nature. In fact, we have a double possibility in the economic path: that is, to follow the natural trend that leads to the least damage and also to the linear development course. Otherwise, we could fall into the instability circuit, which we can call sub-world, and which brings with it the sinusoidal curve of conjuncture growth together with its accompanying attendants: Inflation and Deflation. Staying on the balance line, therefore, means having the consent of the community which instinctively prefers the option "Tomorrow the same as Today". On the contrary, there is the fall into an unbalanced economic cycle with monetary alterations leading to a widespread dissent from the community. The voice of nature, expressed through the community, can be the prophetic and natural support in order to return to a good relationship with the nature and the economy. The economic issue does not exhaust the whole potential of the communities, which are the true guardians of the survival of human beings and must therefore be the absolute and mandatory owners of the relations between States and communities; this means that the current governments shouldn't have any delegation about conflicting relations in the foreign policy. Only in this way, all the decisions on conflicts and war would fall exclusively within the context of the decisions pertaining to the communities, which, as holders of human survival, can do nothing but exclude the possibility of war as a system of mediation between peoples and nations.


Oral squamous cell carcinoma is characterized by high rate of recessive lymph gland metastasis. However, the treatment of early stage of neck lymph gland metastasis still remains large controversial. In this review, we were undertaken to assess the predictability of lymph node metastases by analyzing tumor thickness or depth and imaging. It is suggested that combined with imaging examination, elective neck dissection is a suitable choice for patient with > 4mm of primary tumor filtration.

Key words:
Squamous cell carcinoma of oral cavity; Tumor infiltrating; Cervical lymph node metastasis


Background A higher incidence of late adverse events (LAEs) to iodinated contrast media in interleukin-2 (IL-2)-treated patients has been reported. Purpose To assess the incidence of LAEs after administration of iodinated contrast media in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) treated with IL-2. Material and Methods Patients were randomized to treatment with IL-2 and interferon-α with/without bevacizumab in the Danish Renal Carcinoma Group study – 1. Patients underwent a computed tomography (CT) scan at baseline, at one month, at three months, and every third month until RECIST 1.1 defined progression. LAEs due to iodinated contrast media were systematically registered according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events classification. Results In total, 89 patients were included and underwent a total of 507 contrast-enhanced CT scans. An overall incidence of 46 (9.1%) LAEs was observed in 38 of 89 (42.7%) patients; 3 LAEs at baseline (3.4% of all baseline scans), 39 (13.9%) LAEs during IL-2-based therapies, and 4 (2.9%) LAEs after termination of IL-based therapies. There was no difference in progression-free survival, overall survival, and treatment response in patients experiencing LAEs compared to patients without LAEs (P = 0.2, P = 0.5, and P = 0.6, respectively). Conclusion Patients with mRCC demonstrated a higher incidence of LAEs after administration of iodinated contrast during ongoing IL-2 therapy, indicating that iodinated contrast media may cause a recall phenomenon of IL-2 toxicities in patients with mRCC. Treatment with IL-2 should not be a contraindication for contrast-enhanced scans in patients with mRCC but expertise and vigilance are required.


This study analyzed the effect of combined phosphine (PH3) fumigation and low-temperature treatment on the control of Drosophila suzukii. In the low-temperature, single-treatment experiment, there was no significant difference in insecticidal activity between 1 °C and 5 °C except in D. suzukii adults. Adults showed 98.0% mortality after exposure to 1 °C for 7 d. Regarding fumigation treatment with PH3 alone, adults were the most susceptible, and pupae had the highest tolerance. Combined low-temperature treatment and fumigation showed a synergistic effect, except in the egg stage, and showed slight synergistic effects in larvae and pupae regardless of the combined treatment order. In pupae, the combination group exposed to 1 °C for 24 h after exposure to PH3 for 4 h had the lowest LCT99 value, at 10.49 mg·h/L. The sorption rate of PH3 on grapes decreased to 85.49% after 4 h of exposure, with a 15% loading ratio (w/v), and there was no significant difference in various criteria of phytotoxicity in exposed grapes compared to control, even after 14 d of combined treatment. Therefore, this study indicates that combined PH3 fumigation and low-temperature treatment could be useful in D. suzukii control.


We investigated the thermoelectric properties of non-doped Mg2Si0.9-xSnx Ge0.1 (x = 0, 0.60, 0.65, 0.75, and 0.90) solid solutions of quaternary systems prepared using a liquid–solid reaction and hot-pressing methods. All the sintered compact samples consisted of a single phase with an anti-fluorite structure, which was revealed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The lattice constant increased linearly with increasing amounts of Sn in the sample. Mg2Si0.90Ge0.10 and Mg2Si0.30Sn0.60Ge0.10 exhibited n-type conduction and possessed a negative Seebeck coefficient. On the other hand, Mg2Si0.25Sn0.65Ge0.10, Mg2Si0.15Sn0.75Ge0.10, and Mg2Sn0.90Ge0.10 exhibited positive conduction. The resistivities ranged from 3.22 × 10-5 Ω m for Mg2Si0.90Ge0.10 to 1.37 × 10-2 Ω m for Mg2Si0.30Sn0.60Ge0.10 at 300 K. The thermal conductivity varied depending on the amount of Sn in the samples. The minimum value of the thermal conductivity was 1.93 W m-1 K-1 for Mg2Si0.30Sn0.60Ge0.10 and Mg2Si0.25Sn0.65Ge0.10 at 450 K. (© 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


It is a challenge to detect or recognize targets with fast complex motion for high range resolution radar,by reason of migration through resolution cells(MTRC) during the observing time.Aiming at solving the problem of MTRC for rotating targets,this paper proposes a new method named Segmental Pseudo Keystone Transform(SPKT),to correct the MTRC.Observed data is divided into pieces obeying the rules firstly.Each piece of data is processed by the SPKT to realize MTRC correction.And then,data processed is put together to level the HRRP in the whole observing time.Based on which,coherent integration is carried out during the accumulation time.The fast realization is achieved by employing the Discrete Match Fourier Transform(DMFT).Computer simulations demonstrate the validity of this algorithm.


The single lap shear test is a suitable method for the characterization of FRP-to- concrete bonded interfaces. It provides experimental data which are commonly required in the design procedure of externally bonded composite reinforcements. This article proposes a detailed description of the single lap shear test and discusses the dispersion of experimental data. The test procedure has since been adopted for several investigations confirming its suitability and robustness for many different reinforcement processes.


The discipline of history of science continues to expand. The need becomes obvious for synthetic articles that will review the specialist literature of a given field or problem area and report on expert opinion, to keep us abreast of the growing flood of work remote from our own specialties. Fortunately, this need is matched by new opportunities made possible by the ongoing Fund Drive of the History of Science Society. We are now in a period of transition, in which we hope to see a revived Osiris stand alongside a newly invigorated Isis. That new Isis will seek from time to time to offer the review articles and synthetic essays which we all need. The following essay may serve as a precursor of this new Isis genre. There is no field of more obvious relevance-not only to those of us who teach, but to all of us as citizens and intellectuals-than that of science and religion. One's understanding of this larger subject depends directly on one's perceptions about science and the early church. Isis is therefore pleased to present, by way of experiment, David Lindberg's authoritative discussion. -A.T.


Gemellus stumbled upon a very complex, comprehensive review from Geneva, Switzerland, concerning the molecular biology of squamous cell carcinoma of the anus (British Journal of Surgery 2006; 93: 531–538). Although human papillomavirus (HPV) is very prevalent in sexually active populations, most patients infected with HPV-16 or HPV-18 do not develop cancer. In healthy individuals, cell-mediated immunity clears the infected cells and then antibodies generated prevent a second infection. When anogenital warts arise, it is because the viral genome replicates as an extrachromosomal episome, whereas in malignant tumours, the viral DNA is integrated into the host cell chromosomes. In anal cancer, HPV is detected in 86–100% of cases (usually about 80% HPV-16). Gemellus was aware that the whole natural history of anal cancer has changed so much in recent times and now HIV-positive men have relative risk of developing cancer of 2.4 over those who do not have HIV. Although loss of heterozygosity at 11q is a ubiquitous early event in anal carcinogenesis, this appears to be independent of HIV status. The progression to invasive carcinoma requires, in addition, allele losses at chromosome regions harbouring tumour-suppressor genes, such as 5q (APC) 17p (p53) and 18q (DCC). All this made Gemellus poor head spin quite a bit but bored him not at all.


The phenomenon of escalating harassment and bullying of female athletes in sports demonstrates that there is a gap and urgency for further scrutiny. This study aims to reveal harassment and bullying cases against female athletes in sports. This study applied a mixed method. Participants in this study were athletes in several sports organizations at the University of Islam 45 Bekasi (n = 30). A questionnaire was used as the quantitative research instrument to measure harassment and bullying in athletes, while in-depth interviews were used as the qualitative research instrument. Quantitative statistical analysis used IBM SPSS to find frequency and percentage, and qualitative analysis used thematic analysis. The quantitative research results significantly proved that all participants often experience harassment and bullying, with the highest rate occurring in gymnastics, swimming, volleyball, and soccer. While the results of the qualitative research showed that all participants had experiences or stories about harassment and bullying, the causal factors included the conditions of the training environment, athletes' clothes, attitudes, and the knowledge of coaches and athletes. In addition, participants stated that harassment and bullying negatively impact their health and psychological aspects. As a result, we emphasize that incidents of harassment and bullying occur frequently in female athletes while they are participating in sports. It is expected that this research could provide information and understanding to all sports practitioners in Indonesia and all countries in the world that harassment and bullying are very dangerous and immoral and must be handled as soon as possible by providing strict rules.


--Hepatoprotector compound can provide liver protection to the liver from damage caused by drugs, chemical compounds and viruses. This study was aim to determine the hepatoprotector effect of several doses of papaya (Carica papaya L.) ethanol extract in acetamnophen-induced rats. This research was an experimental research. 25 rats were randomly divided into five treatment groups: normal group, negative control (acetaminophen 250 mg / kg body weight), dose 1 (6.95 mg / 200 gram rats weight), dose 2 (13.9 mg / 200 gram rats weight), and dose 3 (27.8 mg / 200 gram rats weight). Papaya (Carica papaya L.) ethanol extract was given for 7 days. 2 hours after the 7th day of the research, the male white rats were induced by acetaminophen. SGOT and SGPT levels measurement was performed on day 8. Data were analyzed using One-way anova followed by LSD. SGOT and SGPT parameters, showed significant differences between negative control compared normal group, dose 2 and dose 3. SGOT and SGPT levels found to be decreasing nearing normal at dose 2. Based on this data, papaya (Carica papaya L.) has the most effective on dose 2 (13.9 mg / 200gram BB).


There is comparatively little known concerning the supporting tissue (neuroglia) of the central nervous system of insects. Only a few investigations of the Spanish school (Cajal and SBnchez, '15; SBnchez y Sdnchez, '35) deal more extensively with the problem mainly on the basis of Golgi preparations and with the following results : 1. In contrast to Haller's description ( '05) of a (syncytial) 'Neuroglianetz,' the glia in the insects' ganglia consists of independent cell elements. 2. Besides an epithelial glia (corresponding to the ependyma) there exists a genuine neuroglia which can be compared with the astrocytes of the vertebrates. I n general, however, one finds in papers dealing with the central nervous system of different groups of insects only a few occasional statements concerning the supporting tissue. In the majority of these studies there is no uniformity as to the nomenclature used for the non-nervous constituents of the central nervous system. Particularly a clear differentiation between neuroglia proper on one hand and connective tissue elements on the other is generally lacking. In some papers (for instance Nelson, '24) we encounter the terms 'outer iieurilemma' for the sheath surrounding the ganglia and


Scientific advancements, especially in medicine, have minimized pregnancy discomforts and delivery risks. However, pregnant women are always concerned with delivery and associated discomforts. This may be one of the reasons for the large number of Caesarean section in Iran. One of the methods for making delivery easier is to prepare the mother through exercises. Due to the importance of delivery, the present research is carried out to examine the effect of a period of physical exercise on certain delivery parameter such as the duration of the first (active) and second stages of labor, type of delivery, instrumental vaginal delivery, and birth weight. This study was ex post facto or causal-comparative. The subjects were 55 healthy, primiparous women who were randomly assigned to an experimental group ( = 25) and a control group ( = 30). The training protocol involved aerobic, strengthening, and stretching exercises for 30-60 minutes, 2 days per week, and 22 weeks, beginning from the 14thweek of pregnancy. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and Shapiro's test were applied to examine the normal distribution of the data. Also t-test for independent samples, Mann-Whitney U test, and chi-square test were applied for data analysis at the 0.05 significance level. The results showed that the first stage of labor was significantly shorter in the experimental group than the control group. Moreover, frequency of Caesarean section significantly decreased in the experimental group. However, there were no significant differences between these groups in duration of the second stage of labor, frequency of instrumental vaginal delivery, and birth weight. Based on the results, performing a set of exercises during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy decreases the duration of the first stage of labor and the frequency of Caesarean section. It is thus recommended that medical centers invest on training courses with the proposed protocol to reduce some of the problems associated with childbirth.


In this paper, the theory of the part 1 for the two-bearing rotor system is extended to a multi bearing rotor system by using the transfer matrix method. The extended theory is applied to the three-bearing rotor system and it is experimentalily proved. Specially the effect of bearing pressure on the stability of the rotor system is experimented for the above rotor system and compared with the theoretical result. Finally it is concluded from the above discussions that the proposed theory is useful for diagnosing the unstable rotor system and for improving the bearings.


Abstract The production performance of wells should be studied in order to extend the production plateau period which can lead to an increase in revenue. The pool performance plot of a reservoir is a pictorial representation of the pressure-production history of a reservoir. Water-coning, near wellbore problem and multilayer channeling are the three basic mechanisms associated with high water-cut wells. Identification of the water sources is quite important to perform any remedial operation to extend oil production. This paper is a case study on the application of two methods to determine the accurate mechanism for high water-cut in an oil field 'A' of the upper Assam basin. Based on the study of conventional plotting of water-cut vs. time with well card data (History of all the jobs performed on the well) and log-log plots of WOR and WORꞌ vs. time, it was observed that the problems were due to multilayer channeling and coning. These plots show the problems associated with high water cut wells and they serve as an effective tool for the selection of water control treatment processes to enhance treatment. However, a failed treatment job will alter the conditions for the next job whereby the expenditure increases significantly.


Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome(HFRS) in Longquan from 2005 to 2010 and provide scientific evidence for the prevention and control of the disease. Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted on the incidence data of HFRS in Longquan during this period. The HV-positive lung sample of mouse was inoculated to Vero-E6 cells to isolate virus. HV was identified by DFA using Anti-HV McAb. Results A total of 278 HFRS cases,including 2 deaths,were reported from 2005 to 2010,the annual average incidence was 16.38/lakh and the case fatality was 0.72%. The incidence peaks occurred during May-July and November-January,the cases during these two periods accounted for 31.65% and 37.05% of the total respectively. Three strains isolated were identified as Hantaan virus(serotype I) . Conclusion It is evident that natural foci area of HFRS exists in Longquan in Zhejiang province,HTNV strain of Hantaviruses might be predominant. The prevention and control of the disease should be strengthened.


A new species of Sclerotinia on Carex aquatilis var stans, S. arctica, is described. Large, black sclerotia produced in the culm bases of the host give rise to apothecia with discs 6–11 mm in diameter. It is compared with S. vahliana and S. dennisii on Eriophorum spp.


Some points of interest arose out of this study: 1. Some cases of depression(8) were misdiagnosed as suffering from dementia; the impaired powers of concentration and attention found in depression presumably giving a false impression of impaired memory and of dementia. 2. The reverse mistake was much less common (2 in this series) and one can conclude that only a minority of cases (2 of 15 in this series) of cerebral arteriosclerosis will present without signs of focal neurological damage. 3. The presence or absence of peripheral or retinal arteriosclerosis had no bearing on the state of the cerebral vessels. 4. The small differences between the psychologist's and physician's assessment of dementia is probably of no significance particularly as the psychologists used many tests (e. g., Goldstein's) that are no longer in general use.


The highlight of the Norwegian aquaculture act(2005).This paper introduces the main contents of license system,including the granting,requirements,contents,and allocation of a license,and the principle for issuing a salmon and trout license.


Introduction: Saraphi (Mammea siamensis) is a medicinal herb used in Thai traditional medicine. Its flowers was traditionally used for heart tonics, fever, and enhancement of appetite in Thailand. FLT3 (Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3) is a prognostic marker for acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) and it can control leukemic cell proliferation. Objective: To investigate the cytotoxic effects of crude ethanolic extract (EtOH) and fractional extracts including hexane (Hex), ethyl acetate (EtOAc), and methanol (MeOH) fractions from M. siamensis flowers and to determine the effects on FLT3 expression in EoL-1 cells. Materials and methods: Flowers of M. siamensis were firstly extracted using ethanol. The EtOH extract was further fractionated by Hex, EtOAc, and MeOH, respectively. MTT assay was performed to evaluate cytotoxic effects of each extract. The effective extracts were used to determine their inhibitory effects on FLT3 protein expression by Western blot analysis. Total cell number was determined by trypan blue dye exclusion assay. Results: Hex fraction demonstrated the strongest cytotoxic activity with IC50 of 3.8±0.8 µg/mL. Moreover, FLT3 protein expression and total cell numbers of Hex fraction treated EoL-1 cells were decreased in a time- and dose-dependent manner at the concentration of IC20 value. Conclusion: The Hex fraction from M. siamensis flowers inhibited cell proliferation via the suppression of FLT3 expression. It could be suggested that Hex extraction of M. siamensis flower is a promising approach for new anti-leukemic drug candidates. Introduction: Saraphi (Mammea siamensis) is a medicinal herb used in Thai traditional medicine. Its flowers was traditionally used for heart tonics, fever, and enhancement of appetite in Thailand. FLT3 (Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3) is a prognostic marker for acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) and it can control leukemic cell proliferation. Objective: To investigate the cytotoxic effects of crude ethanolic extract (EtOH) and fractional extracts including hexane (Hex), ethyl acetate (EtOAc), and methanol (MeOH) fractions from M. siamensis flowers and to determine the effects on FLT3 expression in EoL-1 cells. Materials and methods: Flowers of M. siamensis were firstly extracted using ethanol. The EtOH extract was further fractionated by Hex, EtOAc, and MeOH, respectively. MTT assay was performed to evaluate cytotoxic effects of each extract. The effective extracts were used to determine their inhibitory effects on FLT3 protein expression by Western blot analysis. Total cell number was determined by trypan blue dye exclusion assay. Results: Hex fraction demonstrated the strongest cytotoxic activity with IC50 of 3.8±0.8 µg/mL. Moreover, FLT3 protein expression and total cell numbers of Hex fraction treated EoL-1 cells were decreased in a time- and dose-dependent manner at the concentration of IC20 value. Conclusion: The Hex fraction from M. siamensis flowers inhibited cell proliferation via the suppression of FLT3 expression. It could be suggested that Hex extraction of M. siamensis flower is a promising approach for new anti-leukemic drug candidates.


The aim of this workshop was to bring together researchers in the theory of projective homogeneous varieties with researchers working on cohomology theories of algebraic varieties, so that the latter can learn about the needs in an area of successful applications of these abstract theories and the former can see the latest tools. Mathematics Subject Classification (2010): 20Gxx, 14F42. Introduction by the Organisers Recent years have seen a new wave of results on quadratic forms and projective homogeneous varieties over semisimple algebraic groups. This development can be traced back at least in part to the introduction of methods from stable homotopy theory into the field, culminating in Voevodsky's proof of the Milnor conjectures and the proof of Rost and Voevodsky of the Bloch-Kato conjecture. As central as these two results are, the progress in the field is not limited to this. The introduction of new cohomological methods spawned by the push to prove the Milnorand the Bloch-Kato conjectures has transformed the study of projective homogeneous varieties. Much of this new impetus is due to the systematic extension of well-known cohomological techniques from algebraic topology, such as cohomology operations, to the setting of algebraic geometry. These tools are in turn descendants of the recent research in cohomology theories of algebraic varieties, including the universal oriented theory, algebraic cobordism, as well as a number of newly studied unoriented theories, such as hermitian K-theory, Witt theory and symplectic cobordism. 216 Oberwolfach Report 5/2016 The aim of the workshop Algebraic cobordism and projective homogeneous varieties organized by Stefan Gille (Edmonton), Marc Levine (Essen), Ivan Panin (St. Petersburg), and Alexander Vishik (Nottingham) has been to bring together researchers in the theory of projective homogeneous varieties with researchers working on cohomology theories of algebraic varieties, so that the latter can learn about the needs in an area of successful applications of these abstract theories and the former can see the latest tools. The workshop has been attended by about 50 researchers from Europe, Northand South-America and Asia, about 1/3 of them working on motives and/or Ahomotopy theory, 1/3 on quadratic forms and related topics as algebraic groups and projective homogeneous varieties, and 1/3 in both of these areas. There have been 20 one hour talks. As was the intention of the workshop the organizers have taken some effort to keep the balance between talks which presented latest developments in motivic cohomology or A-homotopy theory, and talks which discussed recent applications to projective homogeneous varieties. New and strong results have been reported, which caused active discussion and interaction among the participants. New scientific connections and collaboration groups were formed. Acknowledgement: The MFO and the workshop organizers would like to thank the National Science Foundation for supporting the participation of junior researchers in the workshop by the grant DMS-1049268, "US Junior Oberwolfach Fellows". Moreover, the MFO and the workshop organizers would like to thank the Simons Foundation for supporting David B. Leep in the "Simons Visiting Professors" program at the MFO. Algebraic Cobordism and Projective Homogeneous Varieties 217 Workshop: Algebraic Cobordism and Projective Homogeneous Varieties


Objective: The dichloromethane, acetone, ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts of the cones and leaves of Cupressus sempervirens var. horizantalis (CSH) and var. pyramidalis (CSP) were investigated for their in vitro neurobiological effects. Methods: The extracts were screened for their inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and tyrosinase (TYRO) enzymes using microtiter plate assays. Antioxidant activity of the extracts was determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylendiamine (DMPD) radical scavenging activity, metal-chelation capacity along with ferric- (FRAP) and phosphomolibdenumreducing antioxidant power (PRAP) tests. Total phenol and flavonoid contents of the extracts were calculated spectrophotometrically. Results: The extracts displayed weak to moderate cholinesterase inhibition at 200 µg mL 1 . The cone dichloromethane extract of CSP showed the highest inhibition (36.10±1.45%) against AChE, while the best inhibition (40.01±0.77%) against BChE was caused by the leaf acetone extract of CSH. Conclusion: Antioxidant activity of the extracts was observed to vary according to the method used. This is the first study describing anticholinesterase and antityrosinase effects of the varieties of C. sempervirens.


The M4 isomeric transition (E/sub ..gamma../ = 238 keV) of the 13/2/sup +/ state in /sup 199/Po to the 5/2/sup -/ level, with a half life of 4.17 min, has been observed in mass separated sources. An approx. 72 keV transition in coincidence with the isomeric transition suggests the placement of the 5/2/sup -/ level above the 3/2/sup -/, and when combined with ..cap alpha..-decay Q values, this results in a placement of the 13/2/sup +/ isomeric state in /sup 195/Pb at approx. 200 keV. The transition rate for the M4 transition in /sup 199/Po is similar to those for other M4 transitions in this region. Contrastingly, a M4 transition in /sup 199/Bi, which is highly likely to occur on the basis of systematics of 1/2/sup +/ and 9.2/sup -/ states and a sequence of gamma rays among low spin states observed in our data, is highly retarded. Although, this M4 transition is not observable in our data, an upper limit for its strength is established at approx. 1/1000 the intensity of typical M4 transitions in this region. Possible interpretations of this retardation are discussed.


Last year at this time I was giving lectures in Japan which I regularly opened by thanking my hosts for inviting me and by apologising for having to speak to them in my language rather than theirs. Tonight: I also want to begin by thanking you for this opportunity to share my views on the politics of race and crime in the United States. I am less certain as to whether it would also be appropriate to apologise for speaking in my language rather than yours.


The utility model relates to an instrument for surgical operations, particularly viscera traction forceps which solves the problem that the prior art has easy damage to a viscera. The utility model is composed of a forceps body, a forceps clamping head and fastening teeth. The utility model is characterized in that the forceps clamping head forms an obpyriform shape engaged with a uterus body or an elastic long-strip shape engaged with the surface of a spleen, and is movably connected with the forceps body; the number of the fastening teeth is more than ten; a resistance arm of the forceps body is longer than a power arm of the forceps body. The utility model has the advantages of large contact area and no damage to the viscera clamped by viscera traction forceps, and is suitable for operations, such as the microscopic coincidence of uterine tubes, the microscopic flow of extrauterine pregnancy, accidental damage of female ligation to ovaries, the repairing hemostasis of the hemorrhage of salpinx films, the perforation repairing of uteruses, traumatic viscera rupture, the repairing for the viscus, the partial excision of the spleen, etc.


Methods and a vehicle system are disclosed for determining a driver status and presenting the driver status to a calling party. In some embodiments, an in-vehicle computing system of a vehicle includes a display, a processor, and a storage device that stores instructions executable by the processor to receive vehicle status data from one or more vehicle systems and sensors. The instructions may also be executable to determine one or more parameters of operation for the vehicle based on the received vehicle status data, compare the one or more parameters of operation for the vehicle to one or more driver status indicator, determine a driver status of a driver of the vehicle based on the comparison of the parameters to the driver status indicators, and selectively send the driver status to a server, the server being located remotely from the vehicle.


This paper analyzes the effect of a debtor country's pattern of trade with commercial creditors' home countries on the outcome of debt-rescheduling negotiations. The analysis reveals that a debtor country with more market power has greater leverage in a three-way debt-rescheduling negotiation that includes the debtor country, its creditors and the International Financial Institutions (IFIs). The paper also considers the effects of the IFI sovereign-debt policy on the bargaining power of the parties in debt-rescheduling negotiations. Two bargaining frameworks analyzed and compared in the paper represent the negotiation mechanism at different stages of the IFI sovereign-debt policy evolution.


This invention relates to a transducer assembly (1) for an echo coop, comprising a first ultrasonic transducer array (2) and a second ultrasonic transducer array (3), said transducer assembly (1) combines the advantages of a linear transducer, and transducers with different rows transducers that are disposed at an angle relative to one another, in that the first ultrasonic transducer array (2) are part of a first transducer element (4), in that the second ultrasonic transducer array (3) are part of a second transducer element (5), and in that the first transducer element (4) and the second transducer element (5) in at least two positions are detachably connectable to each other to form a composite transducer element (6).


Objective To investigate the clinical significance of laser coagulation for diabetic retinopathy.Methods The clinical data of 368 cases(651 eyes) with diabetic retinopathy were reviewed.The patients were divided into three groups:during treatment,at a short term after treatment and at a long term after treatment.The ways of laser coagulation,vision and complications after treatment were analyzed.Results During treatment,at a short term after treatment and at a long term after treatment,patients whose vision unchanged were 144 cases(39.1%),148 cases(40.2%) and 150 cases(40.8%),respectively;Whose vision increased be and more than 3 lines were 38 cases(10.3%),39 cases(10.6%) and 30 cases(8.2%),respectively;Whose vision increased be and more than 1 line were 52 cases(14.1%),76 cases(20.7%) and 79 cases(21.5%),respectively;Whose vision decreased be and more than 3 lines were 64 cases(17.4%),49 cases(13.3%) and 58 cases(15.8%),respectively;Whose vision decreased be and more than 1 line were 70 cases(19.0%),56 cases(15.2%) and 51 cases(13.9%),respectively.Pain(133 eyes) and cataract developed quickly(71 eyes) were the highest complications during treatment and at a short term after treatment,and tractional detachment of retina(88 eyes) was the highest complication at a long term after treatment.Conclusions Laser coagulation is an effective way for diabetic retinopathy,but it has time limit for improving vision.The vision always decreases for complications at a long term after treatment.


In this article, partially depleted silicon on insulator (PD-SOI) FinFET based LIF neuron is demonstrated to mimic biological neuronal behaviour with aid of well-calibrated 3D TCAD simulation. The floating body effect of PD-SOI FinFET is used to store the holes generated by the impact ionisation ('II'), which exhibits the integration phenomenon and recombination manifests the leaky function. It shows 5.4 fJ of energy per spike, which is significantly lower than other FinFET based neurons reported till date. Moreover, it needs only 1.8 V of supply voltage, which is lower as compared to its equivalent bulk FinFET and PD-SOI MOSFET based LIF neurons. The proposed PD-SOI FinFET LIF neuron shows megahertz range of spiking frequency, that is <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sim 10 ^{5}$</tex-math></inline-formula>× higher than biological neuron (<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sim$</tex-math></inline-formula>1–10 Hz). Furthermore, the effective area of the FinFET is optimized as 0.023 <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu$</tex-math></inline-formula>m<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$ ^{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula>. Thus, the proposed PD-SOI FinFET based LIF neuron is more attractive for large scale hardware implementation of SNN, due to its energy and area efficiency comparable with biological neuron along with CMOS compatibility.


We derive a system of polynomial equations to decide whether two rational parametric curves in the plane are related by an affine transformation and to detect all such affine equivalences. In order to do so, we use homogenization in both the parameter domain and the Euclidean plane. Furthermore, employing barycentric coordinates leads to a simple method for detecting affine equivalences, as these coordinates are invariant under affine transformations. In addition we interpret the result by relating the monomial coefficients to Bézier control points. Finally we provide numerical examples.


Electromagnetic characterization and high resolution transmission electron microscopy have been conducted on the same 8° [001] symmetrical (010) tilt boundary in a naturally grown, bulk-scale bicrystal of Bi_2Sr_2CaCu_2O_8 + x (BSCCO-2212). The resistive transition showed excess resistance above and below T _ c , suggesting some weak coupling at the boundary, but the inter- and intragranular voltage-current characteristics, irreversibility fields, and critical current density ( J _ c ) values were very similar and characteristic of strongly coupled grains and grain boundary. The misorientation was accommodated by a set of partial dislocations with the Frank spacing of 1.9 nm. The dislocation cores appeared to be separated by relatively undistorted regions of crystal. The J _ c , values at 25 K exceeded 10^3 A/cm^2 in fields of several tesla, more than two orders of magnitude larger than that found earlier in [001] twist boundaries of BSCCO-2212. This result is consistent with the view that low angle [001] till boundaries play an important role for current transport in polycrystalline BSCCO tapes.


Abstract Thermal Enhancement Cartridge Heater Modified (TECH Mod) tritium hydride bed is an interim replacement for the 1st generation (Gen 1) process hydride beds currently in service in the Savannah River Site (SRS) Tritium Facilities. Three new features are implemented in the TECH Mod hydride bed prototype: internal electric cartridge heaters, porous divider plates, and copper foam discs. These modifications will enhance bed performance and reduce costs by improving bed activation and installation processes, in-bed accountability measurements, end-of-life bed removal, and He-3 recovery. A full-scale hydride bed test station was constructed at the Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) in order to evaluate the performance of the prototype TECH Mod hyd ride bed. Controlled hydrogen (H2) absorption/desorption experiments were conducted to validate that the conceptual design changes have no adverse effects on the gas transfer kinetics or H2 storage/release properties compared to those of the Gen 1 bed. Inert gas expansions before, during, and after H2 flow tests were used to monitor changes in gas transfer rates with repeated hydriding/dehydriding of the hydride material. The gas flow rates significantly decreased after initial hydriding of the material; however, minimal changes were observed after repeated cycling. The data presented herein confirm that the TECH Mod hydride bed would be a suitable replacement for the Gen 1 bed with the added enhancements expected from the advanced design features.


The aqueous ion Co(NH&(TSC)Z+, where TSC denotes trans-4-stilbenecarboxylate, appears in most respects to be a normal member of the carboxylatopentaamminecobalt(II1) family. The second ligand field band is masked, however, by a strong absorption at 320 mp, essentially identical with that for the free TSC molecule. The first singlet-singlet transition of the TSC moiety thus appears to function as an isolated chromophoric group of the complex. Irradiation of the 320-mp band of the free TSC ligand leads to trans to cis isomerization; however, irradiation of this same band in the complex produces cobalt(1I) in a quantum yield of 0.16 and both some free (unisomerized) and some oxidized TSC ligand. Other members of the carboxylatopentaamminecobalt (111) series are nearly inert to this wavelength of irradiation. Free TSCion shows a peak fluorescent emission at 400 mp, which is partially quenched in the presence of C O ( N H ~ ) ~ ( H ~ O ) ~ + and essentially completely so when the ligand is coordinated. It is concluded that an intramolecular excitation energy transfer occurs, probably to produce a charge transfer triplet excited state of the complex, which then undergoes redox decomposition. The suggested process is one of intersystem crossing from the first singlet excited state of the TSC ligand.


Approx. 10 % of the total proteoglycan content of normal young human articular cartilage was extracted under associative conditions with Dulbecco's PBS. Proteoglycans isolated from the extract by Q-Sepharose chromatography were separated by gel chromatography and characterized by gradient-gel SDS/PAGE and immunoblotting. Three species of small proteoglycans, two main populations of aggrecan and a population of its smaller fragments were identified. The major populations of aggrecan contained chondroitin sulphate chains, all or part of the N-terminal GI and G2 domains and, therefore, intact keratan sulphate domains. The larger population was estimated by gradient SDS/PAGE to have a molecular mass of approx. 600 kDa or greater. The second population had an apparent molecular mass of approx. 300-600 kDa. Core proteins derived


It is possible to list numerous groups of heating units that are used in households, such as boilers, stoves and units used as supporting heat sources, namely fireplaces. In each case, however, the same operational problems may be evoked [1]. To understand the causes of energy losses in a boiler system, a proper definition of significant elements of the unit's heat balance is necessary. In the group of energy losses, the flue gas loss and the incomplete combustion loss are the most significant factors. The problem with the loss resulting from incomplete combustion, which is related to the presence of combustible substances in the exhaust, is especially significant in case of biomass boilers [2, 3]. The paper presents results of the research and the optimisation of the biomass combustion process in the 180 kW batch boiler. The studies described have been focused on the reduction of the pollutants emission, which was primarily realised by the modifications of the air feeding system. Results of the experiments and the CFD simulations have been compared and discussed. Both in case of the model as well as the experiment, positive influence of the modifications on the emission have been observed.


Structure and compounding mechanism of rubber/clay nanocomposites prepared by co-coagulating rubber latex and clay aqueous suspension were studied. The results showed that the rubber latex particles separated the clay into nanometer units, accompanied with the competition between separation of rubber latex particles and re-aggregation of single silicate layers upon addition of flocculant during the process of co-coagulating, while the intercalation of rubber molecules into clay galleries did not occur. Consequently, the rubber/clay nanocomposites were demonstrated a separated structure.


In this work, we present an investigation of transient magnetic field behavior in thin-walled superconducting tubes. It has been determined that if the thickness of the tube wall is significantly less than Bean's penetration length, the non-linear magnetic field diffusion equation describing the field propagation process inside the tube can be replaced by a simplified lumped-parameter equation. This makes it possible to quickly calculate the current induced in the tube wall and the magnetic field penetrated in the tube cavity. In order to validate this theory, an experimental study of transient magnetic field penetration into a Pb-doped B-2223 ( Bi 1.8 Pb 0.26 Sr 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O 10 + x) tube was conducted. This was done at the temperature of liquid nitrogen using a search coil (B-dot) and a miniature colossal magnetoresistance (CMR)-B-scalar magnetic field sensor made from manganite films, which exhibit a CMR phenomenon. The experimental results were then compared with the datasheet of the superconducting tube manufacturer and the 2D axisymmetric finite element model. It was demonstrated that combining the measurements of the magnetic field outside and inside the tube with the lumped-parameter description allows one to obtain the following information: the screened and trapped magnetic field, the critical current density vs the magnetic field dependence, and the power law index of the superconducting tube material. This enables the development of a fast, non-destructive method for testing the quality of superconducting tubular current leads.


It is well known that inadequate strength at elevated temperatures and low fracture toughness at ambient temperatures are the major deficiencies preventing the B2 aluminide NiAl as an advanced structural material used at high temperatures. [1–3] In order to promote its practical use, a promising NiAl based alloy system, i.e., the IP alloy reinforced by Laves phase has been developed. [4–10] The common characteristics of these alloys are that all of them exhibit higher melting points (about 1460°C), lower densities (6.20 ∼ 6.35 g/cm 3 ), higher thermal conductivity and excellent oxidation resistance compared to the Ni-based superalloys. Furthermore, these alloys can be processed by a series of different production routes, which may be used for property variation within a wide range. [8–10] However, the previous relevant studies proved that the alloys prepared by conventional ingot casting showed coarse-grained microstructure and then exhibited serious brittle fracture at ambient temperatures. On the other hand, the alloys processed by powder metallurgy or mechanical heat treatment with finer microstructure usually improved room temperature brittleness but seriously lowered yield stresses at high temperatures. [6,7] Therefore, for these alloys, to find an efficient way to optimize mechanical properties is necessary to promote their practical use. It is suggested that the mechanical properties of these alloys depend sensitively on the grain size of NiAl matrix and distribution of strengthening Laves phase which is controlled by processing parameters, such as temperature, time and cooling rate. [7] Rapid solidification to produce bulk metallic alloys is known for a long time to result in refined microstructure, extended solubility, reduced microsegregation, and formation of metastable phases. Injection casting, as a popular rapidly solidified technique to fabricate bulk amorphous alloys, can provide relatively high cooling rates of about 10 2 ∼ 10 3 Ks –1 that is significantly higher than 10 –1 ∼ 10 –2 Ks –1 for conventional casting. [11] Sun et al. [12] and Dai et al. [13] have investigated the effects of refined eutectic interlamellar spacing and grain size on the mechanical properties of the Ti-based alloys, and found that the optimized microstructure induced by Cu mold casting was responsible for the improved room-temperature mechanical properties. Recently, Huai et al reported that the mechanical properties of eutectic NiAl/Cr(Mo, Hf) alloy could be optimized by rapid solidification process, i.e. suction casting. [14] However, the suction casting process could not provide enough high cooling rate as injection casting. Accordingly, in the current study, an IP alloy with the composition of NiAl-Cr/Nb alloy was chosen and prepared by injection casting, and its microstructural morphology and mechanical properties were investigated. Due to the limited amount of sample material available, compression tests were performed only. The compression testing results demonstrate that the resultant alloy exhibits improved compressive ductility and yield strength at room temperature as compared with that of the same alloy prepared by conventional ingot casting. Meanwhile, the yielding strength of resultant alloy is slightly lowered at high temperatures. The test results are quite reproducible.


The measures which were adopted by Angang 360 m~2 sintering machine in recent years such as applying new techniques and new processes;intensifying mangement,were presented in this paper,and the effect of achieving output and quality was introduced.


Musculoskeletal (MSK) disorders are very prevalent in a rehabilitation setting. These disorders involve muscle, tendon, ligaments, as well as nerves, and are related to overuse due to work or sports, and degeneration due to aging. These conditions are usually diagnosedbasedonclinicalsignsandsymptoms;however,amoreaccuratediagnosisisrequired. Theimagingtechniquesfordiag-nosis include radiography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and ultrasounds (US). In this review article, US is proposed to be an effective technique in diagnosing MSK pathologies, which, in hands of a Rehabilitation specialist, constitute a dynamic, accurate, economic, and cost-effective tool.


A method for measuring protein kinase activity is described, said method comprising: (a) providing a first solution comprising ATP and a protein kinase to be tested, and a second solution comprising ATP in the absence of said kinase to be tested; (b) adding a substrate capable of being phosphorylated by the protein kinase to be tested to the first and second solutions of step (a); (c) measuring the concentration of ATP and/or ADP, or the rate of change thereof with respect to time, in each of the reaction mixtures formed in step (b) using a bioluminescence reaction; and (d) using the information about the concentration of ATP and/or ADP to determine the activity of the protein kinase to be tested. A particular advantage of the method is that it provides a test which is not specific for a single protein kinase or its substrate.


If you have limited space, mini den building is a great alternative to the larger variety, giving children the opportunity to experiment with building materials and scale, and create imaginative scenarios.


This study aimed to determine the effect of the use (LKS) on the achievement of physical competence of learners. Its influence will be examined from several journals. This study used meta-analysis. Research shows that the use of meta-analysis LKS towards the achievement of more effective learners. The results showed the effect of size on the achievement of students with rigorous of several journals in the effect size obtained is average. It can be proved that the LKS can provide a considerable influence on the achievement of competence of learners.


s:This paper introduces an industrial PC based detect- ing system for EDM discharge state.The system adopts high speed single chip computerand FIFO chip technique,which re- alizes high speed data transmission between NC system and de- tecting system and solves the problems of data processing and real time communicating.


The fuel injection advance angle of electronic unit pump fuel injection system has a great influence on the running performance of diesel engine as well as the energy consumption, environmental and global warming issues. For a supercharged diesel engine equipped with electronic unit pump, the influence of injection advance angle on the injection characteristics, specific fuel consumption, combustion characteristics and reliability have been studied in this paper, which has important reference significance for the optimization of injection strategy of diesel engine.


It arouses attention and discussion when why there are different payments to same work in poor and rich countries been provided.Two different ideas appear,which reflects the different study,the conflict and argument between marxism political economics and western economics.It empowers us that observing,analysizing economy phenomenons and studying economy problems must be guided by marxism political economics,and idolizing or having blind faith in economics couldn't happen,meanwhile,study should focus on political economics when observing,analysizing economy phenomenons and flourishing political economics.


Background: Staphylococcus aureus continues to be major healthcare problem worldwide as therapeutic options for its management are limited. Decolonisation regimes using mupiroicin are aimed at reducing the burden of infection due to this microorganism. However resistance to mupirocin poses a threat to the current standard eradication protocols.Aims: To find out the type and extent of mupirocin resistance in clinical isolates of S. aureus. Material and methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out at a tertiary care centre of North India for a period of 6 months. S. aureus recovered by standard microbiological procedures form various clinical samples such as blood, urine, pus and other body fluids was subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing along with detection of mupirocin resistance using 5 and 200µg discs. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of mupirocin was determined using E -test strips. Fisher's exact test was done to determine the statistical significance. A P-value of <0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results: A total of 247 S. aureus isolates were recovered of which 81 (32.8%) were resistant to methicillin (MRSA) whereas 166 (67.2%) were sensitive to this antibiotic (MSSA). Low level resistance to mupirocin was seen in 7 (8.6%) MRSA and 3 (1.8%) MSSA isolates. Prior use of this topical antibiotic and previous hospitalisation were found to be the risk factors associated with mupirocin resistance. Conclusion: Low level mupirocin resistance was seen in S. aureus isolates which if left unchecked could in future pave way for high level resistance and subsequent treatment failures.


OBJECTIVE
To comparatively assess outcome of patients undergoing monitoring and management of cerebral extraction of oxygen along with cerebral perfusion pressure vs. outcome of patients undergoing monitoring and management of cerebral perfusion pressure alone in severe acute brain trauma.

DESIGN
Prospective, interventional study.

SETTING
Intensive care unit of a university hospital.

PATIENTS
Adults (n = 353) with severe acute brain trauma. A group of 178 patients underwent continuous monitoring and management of cerebral extraction of oxygen and cerebral perfusion pressure, while a control group of 175 patients underwent monitoring and management of cerebral perfusion pressure only.

INTERVENTIONS
Routine neuroemergency procedures.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS
The two groups of patients were matched with regard to age, postresuscitation Glasgow Coma Scale scores, rates of acute surgical intracranial hematomas and brain swelling, pupillary abnormalities, early hypotensive events (before intensive care monitoring), as well as initial levels of intracranial pressure and cerebral perfusion pressure. Outcome at 6 months post injury was significantly better (p < .00005) in the 178 patients undergoing monitoring and management of cerebral extraction of oxygen along with cerebral perfusion pressure, than in the control group of 175 patients undergoing monitoring and management of cerebral perfusion pressure alone.

CONCLUSION
In patients with severe acute brain trauma and intracranial hypertension associated with compromised cerebrospinal fluid spaces, monitoring and managing cerebral extraction of oxygen in conjunction with cerebral perfusion pressure result in better outcome than when cerebral perfusion pressure is managed alone.


54 Evaluation of the effectiveness of a proposed approach to treat infertility against the background of uterine leiomyoma, which includes treatment with a releasing hormone agonist, hysteroresectoscopy or conservative myomectomy, and prepregnancy treatment in assisted reproductive technology programs Khmil S. V., Drozdovska Yu. B. I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine Medical Center "The Clinic of Professor Stefan Khmil", Ternopil, Ukraine


Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. Its pathogenesis remains unclear, and is currently considered to be co-mediated by heredity, environment and immunity. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is an important transcription factor, which is associated with cancer and autoimmune diseases. STAT3 plays a crucial role in the occurrence of psoriasis by participating in the differentiation of T helper 17 cells, hyperproliferation and abnormal differentiation of keratinocytes, interaction with inflammatory cells, hyperplasia of dermal vessels and other important pathological processes. In recent studies, therapies targeting STAT3 and its upstream Janus kinases (JAK) have shown good efficacy and safety in the management of psoriasis. This review summarizes the association between psoriasis and STAT3, so as to provide evidence for the feasibility of the treatment of psoriasis with targeted inhibition of STAT3.

Key words:
Psoriasis; STAT3 transcription factor; Janus kinases; Keratinocytes; Pathogenesis; Therapy


Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3), also known as Machado–Joseph disease, is the most common dominantly inherited ataxia. Despite advances in understanding this CAG repeat/polyglutamine expansion disease, there are still no therapies to alter its progressive fatal course. Here, we investigate whether an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) targeting the SCA3 disease gene, ATXN3, can prevent molecular, neuropathological, electrophysiological, and behavioral features of the disease in a mouse model of SCA3.


Abstract Grain nitrogen concentration (N%) is a major determinant of grain quality in winter wheat. The objective of this study was to compare the responses of wheat grain N% to organic manure with those to inorganic fertilizer in long-term experiments. We analyzed the grain N accumulation using soft wheat (Kinunonami) and hard wheat (Yumeshihou) cultivars grown with a high rate of organic manure application (OM; 80 t ha-1 yr-1 for >10 years and 30 t ha-1 yr-1 during the three years of the present study) and with standard (SF; 204–252 kg N ha-1 yr-1) or low (LF; 102–126 kg N ha-1 yr-1) rates of inorganic fertilizer for three years in Japan. The results agreed with previous research on the underlying mechanisms for grain N% under conventional fertilizer management: both sink and source regulation affected N accumulation in grains, and the accumulation of N in grains and of dry matter in grains are independent. Grain N% was significantly higher in the OM treatment than in the SF and LF treatments as a result of lower dry matter accumulation in the grains. High straw N% led to higher N accumulation in grains in the OM treatment during the late grain-filling period in Yumeshihou. Our results suggest that too much organic manure was applied, i.e., more than was required to optimize grain N%, when manure application was designed to produce a grain yield equivalent to that in conventional fertilizer management. We discuss ways to stabilize grain N% under intensive organic manure application.


This master's thesis investigates the users' understanding, use and perception of control in ubiquitous and context-aware systems. An Android prototype was developed and tested with users. The prototype scanned for Bluetooth beacons and automatically purchased a metro ticket when a beacon was within close range. Automation of tasks aided by beacons was found to be fairly liberating, however, the participants felt unease when money was involved and felt they needed a higher degree of control. The application prompting the user to con rm the ticket purchase was preferred over an option to cancel an already purchased ticket. This thesis concludes that the transition to an environment of ubiquitous computing systems needs to be exactly that a transition. Until the users can get accustomed to the technology and automation, a fair bit of user control is still desired, at least when automating monetary operations.


Metal acetates represent appropriate precursors for obtaining various oxide systems by sol-gel method. Acetates were used in sol-gel method mainly with alkoxides or other carboxylic acids. It is possible however to obtain, for example, Bi-based oxide superconductors by sol-gel method starting only from acetate mixture. In this paper we discuss the gelling process of the acetates involved in the formation of superconductor Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O system. Cluster analysis (CA) and principal component analysis (PCA) as a part of factor analysis have been used to explain the rheological behavior of the gels. The results of this chemometrical study indicate viscous flow typical for the Newtonian liquids. These findings suggest a relatively low degree of association in the structure of acetate gels.


OBJECTIVE:To approach the relationship between the survivin expression and tumor heterogeneity.METHODS:Survivin expression in 54 cases of different pathologically classified glioma tissues was examined with the immunohistochemical method.RESULTS:The expression level of Survivin increased as the tumor grade increased(P0.01).However,in normal cerebral tissue,the expression of survivin was negative.At the same time,the different grade glioma had different optical densities of survivin protein,the higher the grade,the larger the survivin protein optical density(P0.01).In the high grade glioma,peripheral infiltrating tissue had survivin expression,but was lower than tumor center.CONCLUSION:The malignancy of glioma is related to the expression of survivin,and survivin expression could be used as an evaluating standard for the tumor malignancy and infiltrating.


The advent of Internet has brought down geographical distances but proportionally increased the digital geographical distances with masses of data and information that demands more than a mind to comprehend. Every digital megabyte is a mile of physical distance. Getting the wrong information is like taking a wrong turn. It wastes time, energy, productivity and money. This growth has led to the demanding needs of effectively using Digital Geography.


The objective of this paper is to design and implement a lawnmower robot that can be used to mow grass from lawns and playgrounds remotely, online, or autonomously. The robot follows a rectangle zigzag trajectory through the lawn without any human interference. A set of concurrently running behaviors are defined to perform mowing operation. Sonar ranging is used to detect and avoid obstacles continuously throughout the route. The micro-controller connects to an ethernet board and uploads the robot's functions to a web server. Through the web server, users can monitor a 3D model of the moving rover and data from the lawnmower sensors. In addition, the robot's behaviors and connections are uploaded to IoT analytics platform to aid the performance evaluation and feature development.


Abstract C14O2 fixation in plant tissues « in vitro ». — In the present work it has been examinated the autotrophic and heterotrophic CO2 fixation of explants of « Helianthus tuberosus » « in vitro » and the photosyntetic efficiency of leaves produced from buds of « in vitro » explants of « Cichorium intybus » compared with that of mature leaves from normal plants of the same species. From our results it is evident that « in vitro » explants of « Helianthus tuberosus », grown, in the light, are able to autotrophically incorporate C14O2; the distribution of the radioactivity into the various fractions shows a large influence of the light on the neutral fraction containing sugars (50% of the total radioactivity). In the chlorophyllous explants the dark CO2 fixation is obviously of heterotrophic type: 97% of the total radioactivity is incorporated in amine acids (43%) and the organic acids (53%); on the other hand in the dark grown explants the radioactivity is differently distributed between amino acids (59...


Traditional training program, assessment requirements and evaluation criteria can already not meet the requirements of college students in the new era because of the characteristics of the Course Mechanical Engineering Control Base, the course is abstract, and subject is highly crossed. On the basis of the study of the current situation of college students, the characteristics of course, summary of the training program and the evaluation method of this course, a trinity training model combining closed-book exam, MATLAB computer examination, and after-school homework study is presented in this paper. This mode develops what is useful and discards what is not. It changes the way students learn this course from simple understanding to practice and then cognition, which plays a certain role in promoting students' learning enthusiasm, interest cultivation, application ability and the construction of knowledge system.


Preventing coronavirus infection in the older people can reduce mortality from COVID-19 The older people are more prone to coronavirus due to physical weakness Therefore, taking care of them is very important to prevent getting the virus intection It is said that the world may not return to pre-COVID-19 state, and perhaps we have to wait longer for the definitive cure and vaccine to be invented and improve the current crisis On the other hand, the older people feel that in COVID-19 outbreak have little chance of survival In parallel with these issues, by creating suitable conditions for the participation of the older people in the home and community and providing a suitable supportive environment in all aspects of life, we can take a step towards healthy aging Older people activities can be defined differently by defining new maps For example, during the COVID-19 outbreak, gardening and flower and plant maintenance activities, encouraging physical activity, mindfulness training, and the use of mental tricks to reduce chronic life pain can be facilitated Copyright (C) 2021, Asian Association for Frailty and Sarcopenia and Taiwan Association for Integrated Care Published by Full Universe Integrated Marketing Limited


The purpose of this paper is to propose a research model to examine the perception of non-professional investors toward the cybersecurity reporting framework developed by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA).,The proposed hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling with data collected from Amazon's Mechanical Turk platform.,The findings conclude that investors' perceived benefits of the cybersecurity risk framework are positively related to investment intention. Information quality and cybersecurity awareness also positively influence perceived benefits of the risk framework and investment intention.,Findings of this study are relevant to both regulatory bodies and firms because non-professional investors' perceptions of the benefits of the AICPA's reporting framework are unveiled.,Findings from this research help to provide a more in-depth understanding of the impact of various factors on investor's decision-making process and also significant insights into the non-professional investor's attitude toward the AICPA's framework.


The purpose of this study was to obtain empirical evidence about the influence of the proportion of independent commissioners, audit committee, audit quality, profitability, and firm size against the tax avoidance. This study used a sample of one hundred and fifty three samples. These results indicate that profitability has an influence on tax avoidance while the proportion of independent commissioners, audit committee, audit quality, and firm size have no influence on tax avoidance.


Type of funding sources: Foundation. Main funding source(s): Rigshospitalets Forskningsfond (Grant number: 07IO) Hjerteforeningen (Grant number A6024) Lundbeckfonden (Grant number R186-2015-2132)

 In patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) increased inflammatory response is associated with development of cardiogenic shock (CS). Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) is a glycoprotein released from mature neutrophils and the plasma concentration of NGAL likely increases immediately after STEMI.

 We aimed to assess whether admission NGAL plasma concentration in patients with STEMI was associated with CS development after leaving the catheterization laboratory (late CS) and 30-day all-cause mortality.

 From 1892 consecutive patients with STEMI 1626 (86%) had plasma NGAL concentration measured upon hospital admission before angiography throughout a 1-year period at two tertiary heart centers in Denmark. Patients were stratified according to NGAL quartiles (Q1-4). To assess late CS development, we adjusted for the Observatoire Régional Breton sur l'Infarctus (ORBI) risk score for late CS. For mortality assessment, we adjusted for gender, age, post-PCI culprit Thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) flow, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), kidney dysfunction, admission lactate concentration and being comatose after cardiac arrest.

 Increasing NGAL concentration was associated with higher age, more comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes, heart failure, previous stroke, and kidney dysfunction) and more critical patient conditions at presentation including lower blood pressure and LVEF. Plasma NGAL concentration was associated with both late CS development and 30-day mortality (Figure). When adjusted for factors associated with poor outcome, NGAL remained independently associated with both late CS development (Q4 vs. Q1-3) (OR (95% CI) 2.64 (1.57-6.03)) and 30-day mortality (HR (95% CI) 3.18 (1.46-6.93)).

 High admission plasma concentration of NGAL in patients with STEMI was independently associated late CS development and 30-day all-cause mortality. Abstract Figure. NGAL quartiles and late CS/mortality


Working within the left-right--symmetric SU(2)/sub L/ x SU(2)/sub R/ x U(1) gauge theory of weak and electromagnetic interactions we find that contrary to the usual belief heavy Higgs scalars do not decouple in low-energy phenomena.


The study was conducted to evaluate the supplementing effect of orange-fleshed sweet potato (OFSP) root flour to wheat flour at 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40% (BP0, BP1, BP2, BP3 and BP4 respectively) level on nutritional and organoleptic acceptability of supplemented cookies. The data generated were statistically analyzed by one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) model using the SAS software program, version 9.3.1 standard methods. The proximate composition of composite flours cookies ash, crude fat, crude fiber and energy, β-carotene and iron contents increases as the proportion of OFSP flours increases in the blend. Whereas, crude protein, utilizable carbohydrates, zinc and phytate contents decreased as the proportion of OFSP flour increases in the composite flours. The minerals (iron and zinc) were bioavailable in the composite flours cookies and the effect of phytate could not hinder their bioavailability. Adding OFSP to wheat flour in 10, 20, 30 and 40% proportion showed more than average of panelist scores in overall acceptability of developed cookies. The present study showed potential of cookies enriched with OFSP for combating vitamin A deficiency (VAD). It is suggested that these product could be promoted as the new developed product to the VAD consumer to alleviating nutritional insecurity.


OBJECTIVES
This study estimated and compared the prevalence of disability and institutionalization in 1982, 1984, and 1989 among the older Black and White populations of the United States.

METHODS
Data on over 1100 Blacks and 14,000 Whites in each of a series of three National Long Term Care Surveys were used.

RESULTS
Diverging trends for Blacks and Whites led to statistically significant increases in the age- and sex-adjusted odds of disability (19%) and institutionalization (31%) for Blacks relative to Whites.

CONCLUSIONS
Black and White disparities in disability appear to have widened, while disparities in institutionalization appear to have narrowed during the decade of the 1980s.


Nosocomial bloodstream infections (BSIs) are important causes of morbidity and mortality. Fungal pathogens are responsible for a significant number of these nosocomial infections. Our report describes the detection of a disseminated. Candida albicans in a peripheral blood smear of a 24 year alcoholic and ganja addict, admitted with metabolic encephalopathy. Candida species was isolated from the blood culture and the speciation of isolate as Candida albicans was done by biochemical tests.


A tapered polarization maintaining photonic crystal fiber based on dual-mode interference is proposed for measuring liquid refractive index. The sensing principle is based on the interference between LP01 and LP11 modes in the photonic crystal fiber. The output intensity distribution of the two modes in the fiber is investigated in detail. It is shown that when the external refractive index changes the two–lobe interference pattern of the fiber generates energy exchange. The relationship of the refractive index and the normalized value which is defined as difference to the sum of the two lobes interference intensity is studied. The analyzed results demonstrate that the sensor has refractive index sensitivity of 31.9/RIU (Normalized Value/ Refractive Index Unit) within the range of 1.36-1.4 RIU. As the two modes in the fiber have the same response to the temperature, the sensor possesses the anti-interference ability. Because of the easy fabrication, compact size and the ability of anti-interference to temperature make the sensor has extensive application prospects. Keywords-refractive index sensor; polarization maintaining fiber; two-lobe interference; photonic crystal fiber; tapered fiber


Soil moisture is a key variable in Earth systems, controlling the exchange of water andenergy between land and atmosphere. Thus, understanding its spatiotemporal distribution andvariability is important. Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) has developed a newland surface parameterization, named the Soil, Vegetation, and Snow (SVS) scheme. The SVS landsurface scheme features sophisticated parameterizations of hydrological processes, including watertransport through the soil. It has been shown to provide more accurate simulations of the temporaland spatial distribution of soil moisture compared to the current operational land surface scheme.Simulation of high resolution soil moisture at the field scale remains a challenge. In this study, wesimulate soil moisture maps at a spatial resolution of 100 m using the SVS land surface scheme overan experimental site located in Manitoba, Canada. Hourly high resolution soil moisture maps wereproduced between May and November 2015. Simulated soil moisture values were compared withestimated soil moisture values using a hybrid retrieval algorithm developed at Agriculture andAgri-Food Canada (AAFC) for soil moisture estimation using RADARSAT-2 Synthetic ApertureRadar (SAR) imagery. Statistical analysis of the results showed an overall promising performanceof the SVS land surface scheme in simulating soil moisture values at high resolution scale.Investigation of the SVS output was conducted both independently of the soil texture, and as afunction of the soil texture. The SVS model tends to perform slightly better over coarser texturedsoils (sandy loam, fine sand) than finer textured soils (clays). Correlation values of the simulatedSVS soil moisture and the retrieved SAR soil moisture lie between 0.753–0.860 over sand and 0.676-0.865 over clay, with goodness of fit values between 0.567–0.739 and 0.457–0.748, respectively. TheRoot Mean Square Difference (RMSD) values range between 0.058–0.062 over sand and 0.055–0.113over clay, with a maximum absolute bias of 0.049 and 0.094 over sand and clay, respectively. Theunbiased RMSD values lie between 0.038–0.057 over sand and 0.039–0.064 over clay. Furthermore,results show an Index of Agreement (IA) between the simulated and the derived soil moisturealways higher than 0.90.


The aim of this paper is to examine the increased potential for language change from the micro-level, given the new domains in which minority languages are present in the global era. Drawing on the theoretical notion of sociolinguistic scales this paper presents a comparative account of the changing positions of the Irish and Inari Sámi languages. Specifically, this paper is centred on a comparative study of two media personalities, namely an Irish language stand-up comedian, Des Bishop, and an Inari Sámi rap artist, Amoć, whose success as language-planning actors stems from their use of the mediated space to influence micro-level language planning. By identifying both Bishop and Amoć as micro-level language-planning actors, this paper will examine the potential knock on effects of such initiatives for macro-level language-planning agencies, such as the educational domain, thereby pointing to the potential for increased minority language recovery when such languages achieve new values and functions.


This publication provides a snapshot of who is driving, doing and supporting place-based approaches to improve children's outcomes. The snapshot is made up of two parts: Table 1: Australian child-focused place-based policies, leading practice in communities, research, and organisations and initiatives offering strategic coordination in place-based activity for children Table 2: Key organisations that support planning, implementation and research into place-based approaches to improve children's outcomes The snapshot drew on existing resources and documents at the Centre for Community Child Health and was expanded with data from expert consultations conducted during the project (see Big thinking on place), in addition to feedback from the project's reference group. Advisors from policy, practice and research reviewed the final publication. This publication has been developed by the Centre for Community Child Health at the Murdoch Childrens Research Institute and The Royal Children's Hospital as part of the Collaborate for children: scoping project funded by the Australian Government Department of Education. It summarises the evidence on what we know and are still yet to learn about place-based approaches to improve children's outcomes. Over 12 months, the project investigated the Australian place-based landscape to understand how we can better promote children's wellbeing through place-based initiatives. This publication is one of four key reports produced through the project. The reports are: The evidence: what we know about place-based approaches to support children's wellbeing A snapshot of place-based activity promoting children's wellbeing – who is driving, doing and supporting place-based initiatives Big thinking on place: getting place-based approaches moving The state of play in Australian place-based activity for children – a summary of project findings with recommendations for accelerating place-based efforts.


This paper examines the outcomes of the fiscal adjustment policies adopted during the period in which Tanzania experienced economic shocks. The econometric models are used to determine the impact of exogenous and economic policy shocks on gdp growth, public spending and the fiscal balance. The results revealed that policy shocks resulted in structural changes in output growth and public spending instability in Tanzania. Specifically, economic policy shocks led to changes in macroeconomic conditions, which adversely affected the fiscal position after 1986. The results suggest that fiscal adjustment policies should not be undertaken when a number of economic policy changes are envisaged in an economy.


Xhe English classroom is home to some of the great classic and con temporary literary naturalists: Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Tho reau, John Muir, Rachel Carson, Edward Abbey, Loren Eiseley, Barry Lopez, Annie Dillard. Theirs is a prose of place, a world of words, an evocation?part field notes, part memory, part imagination?of land and seascapes that are, at best, faraway and foreign, somewhere out there. At worst, the wilderness from which they cry is "already gone or going under fast," as Abbey rages in Desert Solitaire. "This is not a travel guide but an elegy. A memorial," he warns in the introduction to his 1968 book about the country around Moab in southeastern Utah. "You're holding a tombstone in your hands" (xiv). We need to establish and nurture a relation ship between urban and suburban students and the natural world. This relationship needs to be per sonal and immediate. They need to see the wilder life that survives and sometimes flourishes in their world?not miles away in the hills and mountains or hidden beneath the sea, but outside their win dows, on their sidewalks and streets, perched on their telephone poles. "[Tfhis communion between species," writes Susan Hand Shetterly, has the po tential not only to enrich but to save lives (240). If there is hope for our planet in these days when scientists warn that we are on the verge of "an unprecedented human-caused ecological col lapse" (Haupt 6), it will come from the personal connection that this generation of students can feel for wild life when they learn to observe it, wonder at it, and welcome it as a necessary part of their actual, everyday world. And in the act of paying deep attention to something wilder than them selves, they may discover the "genetic kinship" (Kligerman 78) that convinced Thoreau, "We are never alone" (89). Yet in the disconnection of our separate build ings, content areas, and classrooms, teachers are too often alone. Educating the whole child is not a divi sion of labor but a relay where the baton is handed off and handed back and at times held together. To build a relationship between students and the natu ral world that transcends boundaries, we need to establish a kinship with our colleagues in the natu ral and social sciences. In this article, an English teacher, a biology teacher, and a social studies teacher walk the overlapping terrain of their disci plines, searching for places where a shift in activity or perception might restore the ecological balance of authentic learning. In the cross-pollination that occurs (Nabhan 3-13), we find lost connections, mutually sustaining relationships, and hope.


Recently, there have been a lot of approaches that uses a modal logic to model and reason about games. It seems natural to study quantification whenever games are modeled by means of the modal approach. In this work, we use a first-order modal logic, namely Game Analysis Logic (GAL), in order to study the alternatives of quantification for the most used solution concepts, namely Nash Equilibrium (NE) and subgame perfect equilibrium (SPE), for extensive games. We also characterize these concepts by means of the structure of an extensive game according to the different ways of quantification. Despite the fact that quantifying in a modal context might be troublesome, we show that for NE and SPE the alternatives are equivalent each other.


This work has as objective to argue the reality of the democratic spaces of social control in
the city of Rio das Ostras, being had as delimitation to analyze the limits and performance
of the City council of Health in the actions, fiscalizations of the politics of municipal
Health. The here boarded quarrels enclose on the participation of the health professionals,
of the social assistants, managing and using in this public space, and if the advice of Health
of the City of Rio das Ostras is in fact democratic.


Abstract After its foundation and expansions from six to 27 member states the European Union (EU) seems to be in more disarray than ever before, whereas the Council of Europe with almost twice as many member states seems to be moving on quite successfully on a supranational level focusing on values and human rights. Both organisations were born out of the ashes of the European civil wars of the twentieth century. This article will analyse possible reasons why it is so difficult for European leaders to convince their citizens that the EU is the alternative of the twenty-first century. Why is the nation-state such a popular social construct that millions are willing to die for it? The lens through which this analysis is carried out is the concept of civil religion as part of the answer but also as part of the problem. At the core is education, specifically religious education, instilling norms and morals. The problem is seen in that civil religious myths and rituals mould and kindle not only nationalism, but also patriotism. The solution could be added awareness that (national) religious education can promote an inclusive understanding of other nations, cultures and religions.


This work introduces a hybrid metaheuristic algorithm for solving the problem of multi-core deployment optimization (MCDO). It extends prior work using Ant Colony Optimization to solve MCDO by initially seeding the pheromone matrix with the output of a Simulated Annealing metaheuristic. This work also removes a number of critical simplifying assumptions from the MCDO model. Across 28, 800 different algorithm inputs, the hybridized algorithm is shown to have a median improvement in makespan time of 7.2% versus the nonhybrid version, as well as a median reduction of 74% in execution time. On a dataset of 50 MCDO problems with known optimal solutions, the median hybrid algorithm solution is 16.5% worse than known optimal.


The purpose of this study was to determine the financial performance and the average difference in the financial performance of insurance company Allianz Life Indonesia and PT. Prudential Life Assurance. This study used a different test independent (paired sample t-test). The results of analysis show that there are differences in average financial performance in the insurance company Allianz Life Indonesia and PT. Prudential Life Assurance. Risk Based Capital (RBC) Allianz Life Indonesia and PT. Prudential Life Assurance is healthy and safe for more than 120%. Security funds/technical reserves Allianz Life Indonesia and PT. Prudential Life Assurance has a graph that is increasing each year and can be considered healthy and safe. Gross premiums Allianz Life Indonesia and PT. Prudential Assurance from the 2009-2012 gross premium is increasing so the two companies can be categorized as healthy and safe. Net investment income/average investment Allianz Life Indonesia tend to formulate their investment portfolio in mutual funds and PT. Prudential Life Assurance in stock, though both these companies can be categorized as a healthy and safe.


The classroom-based research discussed in this article focuses on how elementary students' experiences with a collection of postmodern picturebooks developed their narrative competence. This article explores how 39 Grades 3 and 4 students' written and visual texts were affected by reading a particular selection of picturebooks. The students wrote responses about the literature, discussed the focus picturebooks with peers, received explicit instruction about metafictive devices, and created their own print multimodal texts. As well as presenting the overall findings of the content analysis of the children's books, the written and visual texts of two children is discussed in depth to show how the children were able to identify, understand and create narratives that were sophisticated, complex, and metafictive in nature.


AbstractYakutia is the Soviet Union's leading fur-supplying area, with five species—squirrel, white fox, ermine, muskrat, and, in some years, hare—accounting for 90 per cent of all wild fur deliveries. Changes in the level of fur deliveries by species are reviewed, with the greatest fluctuations noted in the supply of hare skins. In game hunting, elk, wild reindeer, and mountain sheep are found to constitute an important part of the region's meat supply.