The cellular localization of calpain is important in understanding the roles that calpain may play in physiological function. We, therefore, examined calpain expression, activity, and immunofluorescent localization in primary cultures of rat oligodendrocytes. The mRNA expression of m‐calpain was 64.8% (P = 0.0033) and 50.5% (P = 0.0254) higher than that of μ‐calpain and calpastatin, respectively, in primary culture oligodendrocytes. The levels of mRNA expression of μ‐calpain and calpastatin were not significantly different. As revealed by Western blotting, cultured oligodendrocytes contained a 70 kD major band identified by membrane m‐calpain antibody, a 80 kD band recognized by cytosolic m‐calpain antibody, and calpastatin bands ranging from 45 to 100 kD detected by a calpastatin antibody. Calpain activity in oligodendrocytes was determined by Ca2+‐dependent 71.2% degradation of endogenous myelin basic protein compared with control; this activity was inhibited significantly (P = 0.0111) by EGTA and also substantially by calpeptin. Localization of calpain in cultured oligodendrocytes revealed strong membrane m‐calpain immunofluorescence in the oligodendrocyte cell body and its processes. In contrast, the cytosolic antibody stained primarily the oligodendrocyte cell body, whereas the processes were stained very weakly or not at all. These results indicate that the major form of calpain in glial cells is myelin (membrane) m‐calpain. The dissimilar localization of cytosolic and membrane m‐calpain may indicate that each isoform has a unique role in oligodendrocyte function. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


In this study, the composition of minerals was analyzed in ginseng, ginseng-Yakju, and ginseng-Soju. Ginseng-Yakju was fermented using sliced or powdered ginseng (0.2%, w/v) and steamed rice, while ginseng-Soju was prepared by extracting ginseng with 15 times the volume of Soju (35% ethanol, v/v) for 5 years. Regardless of the different forms of ginseng (sliced or powdered), the normal Yakju, Yakju fermented with slices of ginseng (Yakju-SG), and Yakju fermented with powdered ginseng (Yakju-PG) had similar soluble solid concentration, pH, ethanol concentration, and acidity. However, ginseng-Yakju and ginseng-Soju differed significantly with respect to all physicochemical characteristics tested (p < 0.01). Mineral content was found in the following order: K > P > Ca > Mg > Si > Se in ginseng, P > K > Mg > Ca > Si > Se in ginseng-Yakju, and K > P > Mg > Ca > Si > Se in ginseng-Soju. According to the mineral content determined by the recovery yield, it is not appropriate to consume ginsengYakju and ginseng-Soju for effective intake of minerals from ginseng. Therefore, further studies on improving the bioavailability of ginseng-derived minerals are required.


Introduction
Kikuchi's disease is usually a benign condition presenting with fever and lymphadenopathy. Rarely, the severe form of this disease can have an unusual presentation. Case Report
We report a case of 9 year old girl, a resident of Kerala (South India) with no significant past medical history, who presented with fever of 8 days with facial puffiness. She had tender cervical lymphadenopathy. Two days after admission, her condition worsened with venous congestion of the face and neck, throbbing headache, dyspnea and she developed seizures. Very soon, she developed pericarditis with cardiogenic shock and required adrenaline support. Lymph node biopsy confirmed Kikuchi's disease. The possibility of superior vena cava (SVC) obstruction due to mediastinal lymphadenopathy was considered and treated with steroids following which the child showed a dramatic improvement. The child also had four of the American Rheumatism Association (ARA) diagnostic criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (viz., serositis, seizures, hematological abnormalities and antinuclear antibodies (ANA) positivity. Conclusion
Although Kikuchi's disease is a self-limiting condition, it is important to consider this possibility in any patient who fits the typical clinical scenario to avoid unnecessary workup. An unusually severe form of Kikuchi's disease can have a presentation like SVC obstruction syndrome due to enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes. Hence, timely recognition of this condition and prompt institution of steroid therapy will result in a dramatic clinical response.


We report strong vortex pinning and large irreversibility fields in single crystals of tetragonal FeS1–xSex (x = 0, 0.06). Vortex dynamics is characterized by crossover in field dependence of the depinning energy U0, indicative of single flux surface pinning to the region of collective flux pinning on point-like defects. The close proximity of the irreversibility lines to the upper critical field (Hc2) is consistent with strong pinning in FeS and FeS0.94Se0.06, pointing that new materials with building-blocks of FeS4 tetrahedra are likely to host high critical currents.


In current domestic and foreign research and extensive discussions on the reasons for unjust convictions, the main reasons include false confession, errors in the work of investigators and the examination of evidence, including primarily incorrect opinions of experts. In the case of incorrect expert opinions, the most common reasons are insufficient qualifications and experience of the expert and carelessness of conducted research combined with low awareness of the role and importance of giving opinions in the process.


Riau province once has been blessed with about 4 million Ha peatforest, making as among the largest peatland countries in Indonesia. Responding to economic development, most of the peatforest have been largely drained and the province have been among the most prone to recurrent peatfire area. There has been much debates on the patterns and root of causes (drivers) of peatfire, causing effort to curb recurrent peatfire are daunting task and even becoming a inconclusive high tension public debates. There has been much ambiguity on the drivers and the triggers. Poor availability of evidence of the peatfire patterns and their drivers making efforts to suppress the recurrent petfire and its policy intervention has never been effective.
Using different techniques of remote sensing, we present here a number of evidences that peatland in Riau becoming more vulnerable to recurrent peatfire due to expanding large scale peatland drainage, intensified peatland-human interaction and poor peatland governance. We found also a similar pattern in a near areas in province of South Sumatera, to make confident that recurrent peatfire is a merely consequence of a systemic impact following adoption of paradigm of development to put peatland as among central farming areas to provide a globally traded commodities like crude palm oil (CPO) and pulp and paper.


Like a rapier,"netizen" culture has both positive and negative influence on the ideological education of college students.Therefore,in the "netizen" time,we should try to enhance the effectiveness of ideological education of students through innovation-renewal of concept brought about by "netizen" culture in ideological education,build a cultural and technical platform for the culture,and integrate educational resources to pool efforts to conduct ideological education of them.


The use of information–theoretical methodologies to assess graph-based systems has received a significant amount of attention. Evaluating a graph's structural information content is a classic issue in fields such as cybernetics, pattern recognition, mathematical chemistry, and computational physics. Therefore, conventional methods for determining a graph's structural information content rely heavily on determining a specific partitioning of the vertex set to obtain a probability distribution. A network's entropy based on such a probability distribution is obtained from vertex partitioning. These entropies produce the numeric information about complexity and information processing which, as a consequence, increases the understanding of the network. In this paper, we study the Benes network and its novel-derived classes via different entropy measures, which are based on information functionals. We construct different partitions of vertices of the Benes network and its novel-derived classes to compute information functional dependent entropies. Further, we present the numerical applications of our findings in understanding network complexity. We also classify information functionals which describe the networks more appropriately and may be applied to other networks.


PURPOSE
For early detections of asymptomatic intracranial aneurysms, computer aided diagnostic (CAD) frameworks of intracranial aneurysms in magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) images were developed with various enhancement filters. However, discrimination between aneurysms and false positive structures, such as bending or branching portions of vessels could still be a challenging task for the enhancement filters. Therefore, we focused on developing an ellipsoid convex enhancement (ECE) filter based CAD framework, which is capable of enhancing aneurysms while reducing the effect on bending and branching portions of vessels, for detection of intracranial aneurysm candidate.

METHODS
The proposed ECE filter was designed for selectively enhancing aneurysms with certain ellipsoid convex shapes, whose ratios of the shortest to longest diameters correspond to the ratio of reciprocals of the square roots of the first and third eigenvalues of Hessian matrices. This filter was applied to artificial images with Gaussian ellipsoid models and clinical MRA images of 30 patients (Male: 10, Female: 20; age: 48 to 86 years, mean: 69.2) with 31 unruptured aneurysms (longest diameter: 2.0 to 5.5 mm, mean: 3.7 mm) based on a leave-one-out-by-patient test.

RESULTS
The proposed ECE filter reduced the average contrast for false positive Gaussian ellipsoid models by 51.4%. The number of false positives per patient decreased from 41.1 to 22.8 at a sensitivity of 87% by using the ECE filter.

CONCLUSION
The ellipsoid convex enhancement filter based CAD framework of intracranial aneurysms in MRA images would be useful by providing a higher contrast between aneurysms and false positive structures such as bending or branching portions of vessels.


The background of this research was the growing interest in mobile commerce and the high penetration rate of mobile communication service in Indonesia are expected to provide mobile operators a new and great business, the mobile payment. Therefore, its important to investigate what factors make the mobile subscribers reluctant to accept mobile payment. The objectives of this research were to identify the factors influence behavioral intention of mobile payment. The design of this research applies hypothesis testing to examine all hypothesis in this study. The methods used in this study were multiple regression between independent variables and dependent variable. Data analysis used in this research was collected by distributing questionnaires which were distributed on 140 respondents in North Jakarta. There were 130 responses of which 125 completed and usable for analyzed by multiple regression. The result of this research concludes that the first, perceived usefulness, facilitating condition, attractive alternative have significant impact on attitude mobile payment.The second, attitude mobile payment has significant impact on intention. The third, continuity cost and interpersonal relationship have significant impact on behavioral intention. Finally, move in cost has not significant impact on behavioral intention


In this work are described the possibilities for improving efficiency of wood pellets production. The introductory part is devoted to analyzing the properties of wood pellets, combustion and production of pollutants when combusted it. The production of wood pellets and used pelleting machines was analyzed. The main task of this work is to introduce efficiency pelleting lines and cost reduction of the wood pellets production as fuel with a focus on the effects of adding additives. The results of experimental measurements and properties of wood pellets with different additives are presented in the final part.


This theoretical analysis pretends to explain an strategic behavior on firms competing in electricity retailing markets to final consumers. In an extensive sequential game with a limited set of elections an optimal behavior is identified for each kind of agent taking in count the optimal elections of the other agents involved. An special interest in this topic rely because in the recent tendencies of liberalization on a former monopolistic market. Understanding the consequence of this new system on the same agents and their customers is very important for regulation purposes.


the Protestant tradition. This is in the context of acknowledging its weaknesses, not least in defining and defending boundaries. 'Reformed culture has a tendency to splinter like glass,' he observes. This is a very accessible account of Reformed spirituality. David Cornick has been a pastor, theological teacher and General Secretary of the United Reformed Church. His breadth of experience is evident in the text. He has recently become General Secretary of Churches Together in England, a testimony to his ability to speak beyond his own denomination. His exposition of Reformed spirituality is written in an ecumenical spirit.


Background: The frontal sinus is a challenging area for endoscopic surgeons. The variations in the frontal sinus differs so much among individuals that there are forensic applications. A detailed radiological study of the sinus is important for understanding the pathophysiology of sinusitis and as a prerequisite for frontal sinus drainage procedures. Aims and objectives were to document the anatomical variations of the frontal sinus (radiological) and to correlate the variations with the signs and symptoms of sinusitis.

Methods: Coronal and axial CT paranasal sinuses scans of 30 consecutive patients who attended the Otolaryngology clinic OPD in St. John's medical college and hospital, Bangalore, India with signs/symptoms of  chronic sinusitis were evaluated between January to July 2018.

Results: The average frontal sinus diameter in patients with sinusitis was 6.65 mm. The prevalence of frontal cells in our study was 48%. Agger nasi cells were the most common cells seen. Frontal sinus disease was found in 72% of the studied sides in the scans.

Conclusions: Frontal sinus anatomy varies with different ethnicities. It is very important to study the frontal sinus anatomy before exploring the sinus for disease clearance and avoid surgical complications.


Our paper gives an overview of studies on the effect of the temporal resolution of uncertainty (TRU) on asset pricing. It also conducts an empirical analysis using recent data on corporate bonds issued in Japan as well as from the International Brokers Estimate System (IBES) database for earnings forecasts from which we construct proxies for TRU. Our analysis does not support the hypothesis that firms with a more delayed resolution of uncertainty offer larger yields.


Most 3D scanners are heavy, bulky and costly. These are the major factors that make them irrelevant to be attached to a drone for autonomous navigation. With modern technologies, it is possible to design a simple 3D scanner for autonomous navigation. The objective of this study is to design a cost effective 3D indoor mapping system using a 2D light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensor for a drone. This simple 3D scanner is realised using a LiDAR sensor together with two servo motors to create the azimuth and elevation axes. An Arduino Uno is used as the interface between the scanner and computer for the real-time communication via serial port. In addition, an open source Point-Cloud Tool software is used to test and view the 3D scanner data. To study the accuracy and efficiency of the system, the LiDAR sensor data from the scanner is obtained in real-time in point-cloud form. The experimental results proved that the proposed system can perform the 2D and 3D scans with tolerable performance.


The Discrete Porosity Method (DPM) is a time-efficient simulation method that can be used to determine the equivalent sand roughness of an arbitrary surface roughness. It has been successfully applied to an irregularly distributed roughness (cast iron surfaces) to estimate the equivalent sand grain roughness of these surfaces. However, the DPM method has not yet been applied to a regularly distributed surface roughness. In this paper, the DPM method is used to determine the equivalent sand roughness of a regular roughness shape in the form of a cube array. The results of channel flow simulations using the DPM method are compared with experimental data. After identifying the fully rough regime in the channel flow, the equivalent sand grain roughness of the cubes is determined and compared with available data from the literature.


The independent thought in Paris Manuscript in early Marxism has the milestone significance in his life.To a certain extent,"Perceptual Activity","Object","Alienation" and so on which Marx proposed and explained,had realized a double beyond to the independent thought of the self and the traditional philosophy.The independent thought and the critical spirit of the ideology in Paris Manuscript afterward had the profound influence to the Western Marxism.


Medical undergraduates experience a lot of stress before the final examination at the end of first academic year of one year duration in India. Biochemistry handouts including all lecture topics were developed as study guide to be used along with textbook for final exam preparation. To help students focus biochemistry study so that subject understanding is facilitated, exam anxiety is reduced and academic performance is enhanced. Six sets of handwritten handouts including all lecture topics were distributed to the first year undergraduates (n=100) of 2009-10 batch in biochemistry department of Smt. Kashibai Navale Medical College, Pune, under Maharashtra University of Health Sciences. Grouping of lecture topics in different sets was based on correlation between them wherever possible. All lecture topics were discussed in question and answer format. All answers contained only subheadings, important concepts and relevant examples. These handouts were used by the students mainly in the preparatory leave before the final examination. All the participants agreed in their feedback that the handouts helped them to focus textbook study before the final examination. They also reported better understanding and reduction in anxiety during exam preparation. Academic performance of participant students in end of year examination was significantly enhanced (p value < 0.05) when compared to that of the students of 2008-09 batch without the intervention of handouts. The handouts covering all lecture topics as study guide were valuable aid for a more organized study. Such resource material developed by faculty can help undergraduates in coping with academic stress in first year of medical education.


A discussion is given of the influences of interior and exterior heat transfer and heat conductivity in tube heat exchangers working with pressurized water inside and boiling water outside tubes. The difficulties in evaluating heat transfer rates to boiling water and the various influences on these data are discussed. For an approximate computation a plot is given based on the main variables influencing this system of heat transfer calculation. Furthermore, some new designs of heat exchangers are described. (auth)


Since the first descriptive study of Paleogene species from Hokkaido by Yokoyama (1890), more than 900 species of Cenozoic foraminifera have been identified from the Japanese Islands and surrounding seas of the Northwest Pacific. Two database sets, benthics by Hasegawa (2001) and planktonics by Oda and Akimoto (2001), have been compiled as a project of the Paleontological Society of Japan, and both are uploaded on a network from the Geological Survey of Japan. Further, we are adding the image data of the primary type specimens to those database sets. During the research of the primary types of Cenozoic foraminifera in Japan, we sometimes notice that an image based on the description and figures do not correspond to the type specimens. It may be caused by insufficient definition and ambiguous figures given in the original description. For the same reason, many subsequent researchers may have illustrated those species with images different from the type specimens. Therefore, only a small number of species has been rightly referred to by workers from outside Japan. The rest of species have not attracted notice, or erroneously identified. Such taxonomic confusion is a big problem to solve for foraminiferal biogeography. An image database is important for it. The species from Japan are frequently given the specific (or subspecific) name derived from any domestic geographic name. For example, there are 53 species-group with the name given from "Japan" (i.e., nipponica, nipponensis, japonicus, -a, -um), even if it is limited to Cenozoic smaller foraminifera. These species are classified into four categories, as follows: 1) Type species of the genus: Discanomalina japonica Asano, Discotruncana japonica Shirai, Dyofrondicularia nipponica Anuár io do Inst i tu to de Geociências UFRJ ISSN 0101-9759 Vol. 29 1 / 2006 p. 333-334


Color control is very important in some holographic applications and its is a procedure that should be taken into account during practical holography. In this paper an optimized procedure for reflection holograms recorded in Slavich PFG-01 emulsions will be presented. The procedure is mainly focused on measurements of different colors obtained by manipulation of the emulsion thickness before exposure, which has been preswollen in solution of different concentrations of Triethanolamine and recorded with different exposure times. Experimental configurations and chemical processing will be presented. The results obtained will be analyzed and discussed.


Water flooding is one of crucial measures for long-term high and stable productions of oilfield development.The histori-cal course of water flooding technology is described,and then brief review of the present status and development of the research are summarized in this paper.Based on that,the exist problems and the technical challenges for present water flooding operation is analyzed and then give birth to the development and management of water flooding technology.The overview of flooding future affords benefit for application of water flooding,on site operation management and science and technology development.


Our aim is to prevent rear-end collision of the vehicle, and we propose a new method for a front-vehicle observation system using sequence of road images. In this research, we have developed an in-vehicle system that can be applied to a software-based rear-end collision with low computing power. First, we calculate projective transformation (a vehicle's front image is changed into the images seen from right above) of the vehicle's front image acquired by a single camera placed on the dashboard of our vehicle. Next, the difference of two projective transformation images is calculated. Finally, we calculate the degree of crashing risks depending on the distance to the front vehicle and the speed of our vehicle, and a warning is given to the driver. This system mounted on a vehicle has been tested on expressways. As a result, the effectiveness of our method has been verified.


: Background: The Colonoscopy with accompanying mucosal biopsy is the prime diagnostic tool in the workup of patients with different neoplastic as well as non-neoplastic lesions of colon & rectum. The objectives of this study were to study the spectrum of lesions in colon & rectum on colonoscopic biopsies, to find age & sex distribution of these lesions & to correlate them with presenting complaints & anatomical site. Methods: The study included colonoscopic biopsies of colon & rectum from patients attending the department of surgery at SNMC & Hanagal Shri Kumareshwar Hospital & department of gastroenterology at Kerudi Hospital & Research Centre, Bagalkot from January 2012 to December 2013. There were 108 colonoscopic biopsies during this period, among which 105 biopsies were included in the study. The histological classification of these lesions was based on World Health Organization (WHO). Results: Out of total 108 biopsies, 79 were non-neoplastic lesions, 26 were neoplastic lesions & 3 were inadequate biopsies for accurate interpretation. Most patients presented in the age group of 21 -30 years with a male to female ratio of 1.76:1. The most common presenting complaint for both non-neoplastic & neoplastic lesions was diarrhoea. Of all the lesions maximum were non-neoplastic lesions, among which chronic non-specific colitis was commonest. In the neoplastic lesions, classical adenocarcinoma was the commonest subtype encountered. Interpretation & Conclusion: Majority of the lesions of colon and rectum were non-neoplastic & comprised of chronic non-specific colitis, acute on chronic non-specific colitis, ulcerative colitis, tuberculosis, Hirschsprung's disease, proctocolitis&proctitis. All these were more common in males & in the age group of 21-30 years and commonly presented with diarrhoea.The most common neoplasm was classical adenocarcinoma, which was found in patients above 40 years of age. There were two cases each of mucin secreting adenocarcinoma & signet ring cell carcinoma, which were seen in patients below 40 years of age.


A method is presented that combines back-propagation with multi-layer neural network construction. Back-propagation is used not only to adjust the weights but also the signal functions. Going from one network to an equivalent one that has additional linear units, the non-linearity of these units and thus their effective presence is then introduced via back-propagation (weight-splitting). The back-propagated error causes the network to include new units in order to minimize the error function. We also show how this formalism allows to escape local minima.


The term Corpus Reengineering is proposed to refer to the process of reconfiguration of speech samples for reuse in various scopes (Guirado 2014 y 2015). The process was developed with two corpora of Spanish spoken in Caracas, aiming at the construction a special purpose corpus for diachronic studies: Corpus del habla culta de Caracas 1968-77 (cf. Rosenblat & Bentivoglio 1979) y el Corpus sociolinguistico de Caracas PRESEEA 2004-10 (cf. Bentivoglio & Malaver 2014). The methodology included the following steps: i. describe the structuring of the original corpus; ii. evaluate the inoperative and stable aspects of each architecture; and, iii. create the new design and estimate its representativeness. Such methodology produced a new corpus for the real time study of linguistic phenomena in a specific speech community (cultured speakers): Habla culta de Caracas 1973-2011. Corpus diacronico. It is concluded that Corpus Reengineering is a rewarding practice for Corpus Linguistics that provides useful and interesting products for the linguistic community.


Spinal epidural abscess is uncommon but it is important that it be recognized as it must be diagnosed immediately and managed appropriately to rescue patients from severe residual neurological disabilities. We report 2 cases of spinal epidural abscess with serial MRI images of the lesions and the postoperative complications.Case 1: A 65 year-old man was admitted with lumbago and pain over the left lower extremity. MRI revealed an epidural space occupying lesion (SQL) from L5 through to the sacrum with sacral osteomyelitis. An epidural abscess was confirmed at surgery, and a retroperitoneal abscess was a complication 2 months after the operation.Case 2: A 51 year-old woman was admitted complaining of severe lumbago, fever, paraparesis and acute urinary retention. MRI showed ventral epidural SOL from L3-L5, which was diagnosed as an epidural abscess at surgery. Suppurative spondylitis was reported a month after the operation, which was diagnosed through serial MRI scans. This lesion, again, completely disappeared clinically.We stress the importance of serial MRI examinations which enable the evaluation of inflammatory complications in the surrounding tissues following spinal epidural abscess.


Objective To observe the effect of acupoint percutaneous absorption of Tulobuterol patches on acute attack of bronchial asthma in children.Methods 100 children patients with acute attack of bronchial asthma were randomly divided into two groups.Patients in control group were treated by combination of routine therapy and inhalation of Salbutamol.Patients in treatment group were treated by control group therapy combined with acupoint application of Tulobuterol patches.The course was 5~7 days in two groups.Results There was no significant difference on mean disappeared time of symptoms and signs(P0.05).The total effective rate in treatment group was 96% and 94% in control group.There was no significant difference(P0.05).Conclusion Acupoint percutaneous absorption of Tulobuterol patches has obvious effect on acute attack of bronchial asthma in children.


Structured dialogue can be defined as communication between the decision makers - government units (local, regional, national, European) - and citizens who act personally or through different organizations, such as institutions, enterprises, associations (non-governmental organizations, NGOs) or groups. The main focus of this paper is determine importance of ICT in that process. Paper contain presentation of a methodology which will help increase the level of structured dialogue between local government units (LGUs) and associations (NGOs), especially when it comes to NGOs dealing with the younger population. The suggested methodology has been applied in the project "Go, go, NGO!" and the resulting ideas should help increase the structured dialogue level in 5 local government units. Some of those ideas include the application of ICT technologies. Project included a city and 4 municipalities. All have a development index below the average of the Republic of Croatia and are a part of a county with development index below 75% of Croatian average. Project results show improvement of the structured dialogue, but also the significant role that ICT technologies played in that process. Naturally, we cannot expect the improved structured dialogue to have an immediate impact on the development index, but it can have long-term effects.


Recent research progress on complications of gout was overviewed. Some suggestions for gout complications prevention was put forward. Method: analyzing, organizing document and abroad documents. Conclusion: although there are no direct mechanistic associations between gout and obesity, hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis, hypertension, and retinopathy et al. sufficient evidence exists to evaluate some of these associations in patients with hyperuricemia and/or gout. More care should be paid for the prevention of gout complications. Keywords—Gout, Hypertension, Retinopathy, Comorbidities


Many processes operate at elevated temperatures and the energy needed or released in them is often exchanged with other processes in the form of steam. Steam generation is decentralized using steam generators and waste-heat boilers operating at pressures of 3 to 140 bar. The design and operation of steam boilers and condensers are determined in part by the type of process, which is why the designs are often unconventional. Besides in the chemical plants, steam is also generated in three combined heat and power plants. The aggregate on-site steam generating capacity amounts to about 2,500 t h. Distribution systems are available for 3, 12, 18, 26, 42, 79, 95 and 140 bar steam.


• What did the research find? Estimates of heritability for the hipextended score were 0.76, 0.72 and 0.41 in German shepherd dogs (GSDs), labrador retrievers (LRs) and golden retrievers (GRs), respectively. Among first-generation puppies, 34 per cent of GSDs, 55 per cent of LRs and 43 per cent of GRs had an excellent hip-extended score. After eight generations of selection, this improved to 93 per cent of GSDs, 94 per cent of LRs and 87 per cent of GRs. However, at least half of the dogs with an excellent hip-extended score remained susceptible to developing osteoarthritis.


From 2013 to 2016 the free electron laser FLASH at DESY in Hamburg, Germany was upgraded with a second undulator line, photon diagnostic line, beam distribution and experimental hall connected to the same linear accelerator. This paper shows the layout of the photon diagnostic section and an overview of the civil engineering challenges. The mechanical design of selected components, e.g. vacuum components, diagnostic equipment and safety related components is presented.


Ecological restoration has the potential to stem the tide of habitat loss, fragmentation and transformation that are the main threats to global biological diversity and ecosystem services. Through this thesis, I aimed to evaluate the ecological consequences of a 33 year old rehabilitation programme for coastal dune forest conservation. The mining company Richards Bay Minerals (RBM) initiated what is now the longest running rehabilitation programme in South Africa in 1977. Management of the rehabilitation process is founded upon the principles of ecological succession after ameliorating the mine tailings to accelerate initial colonisation. Many factors may detract from the predictability of the ecological succession. For example, if historical contingency is a reality, then the goal of restoring a particular habitat to its former state may be unattainable as a number of alternative stable states can result from the order by which species establish. Succession appears to be a suitable conceptual basis (at this stage in regeneration at least) for the restoration of coastal dune forest. Patterns of community characteristics observed in rehabilitating coastal dune forest sites were similar to those predicted by ecological succession, with few exceptions. Changes in the species pool such as the establishment of strong dominants may lead to divergence of regenerating trajectories away from the desired endpoints. The species composition of herbaceous plants in regenerating coastal dune forest sites became increasingly uniform as the time since disturbance increased. Despite initially becoming more similar they II deviated away from an undisturbed reference site. Contrary to our expectations, non-native species did not contribute the most to dissimilarity. The deviation from the reference forest is attributable to the higher abundance of a native forest specialist in the reference site and the higher abundances of native woodland adapted species in the rehabilitating sites. Changes in the disturbance regime under which species have evolved may lead to arrested succession. The rehabilitation of coastal dune forest relies on the Acacia karroo successional pathway which, has been criticised because Acacia dominated woodlands may stagnate succession. The patterns of species composition within regenerating coastal dune forest are a response to the canopy characteristics and represent an early stage in forest succession. Succession did not appear to be stagnant. Ecological succession does not pay much heed to the role that the surrounding landscape composition can play in the assembly of communities. The theory of Island biogeography provides predictions about how landscape composition influences community assembly. Landscape spatial parameters, measuring edge, isolation, and area explained the patch occupancy of the several bird and tree species, however, responses to patch characteristics were varied and idiosyncratic. For restoration to succeed, managers need to consider the spatial configuration of the landscape to facilitate colonization of rehabilitating patches. From this thesis and previous work, it appears that processes are in place that will lead to the reassembly of dune forest communities. As the rehabilitating sites are at an early stage of regeneration this may take some time to give rise to these coastal dune forest communities, and the management of rehabilitating coastal dune forest must allow for this. In addition, it is


In this paper, we consider a class of Liénard systems, described by [Formula: see text], with [Formula: see text] symmetry. Particular attention is given to the existence of small-amplitude limit cycles around fine foci when [Formula: see text] is an odd polynomial function and [Formula: see text] is an even function. Using the methods of normal form theory, we found some new and better lower bounds of the maximal number of small-amplitude limit cycles in these systems. Moreover, a complete classification of the center conditions is obtained for such systems.


Karnal bunt of wheat was first reported in 1931 from Karnal, India. The pathogen infects the ovary and converts the grain into a sorus of dark coloured teliospores. The losses occur in terms of quality and quarantine reasons. The soilborne teliospores after germination produce primary and secondary sporidia under ideal conditions. The allantoid secondary sporidia become airborne by wind or rain splash and infect the emerging spikes. The heterothallic and compatible secondary sporidia fuse prior to infection. The infected grains emit a rotting fish smell due to the production of trimethylamine. The cultivation of resistant varieties, mulching of wheat with chickpea or polythene, use of biocontrol agents like Trichoderma spp and low doses of systemic fungicides like Tilt (propiconazole) and Folicur forms the major components for the integrated pest management strategies. Karnal bunt of wheat has become a major SPS issue in wake of recent Sanitary and Phytosanitary Agreement stipulated by World Trade Organization. Under this agreement each member country has to undertake pest risk analysis for import or export. In the present article, global scenario of Karnal bunt disease along with its different aspects like distribution, pathogen, epidemiology, detection and management strategies have been reviewed.


Objective: To explore the prevalence rate of anxiety depressive problem in adolescent and investigate its family function.Methods:150 junior high school students completed the 41-item version of SCARED 、 ADSRSC and were assessed with family environment scale-Chinese version.Results: There are 36 students with a total score higher than cut-off point of SCARED;the positive rate was 24.00%;and there were40 students with a total score above cut-off point of ADSRSC,which was 33.33% of the total.Those students with anxiety depressive problem have higher scores on conflict but lower scores on achievement orientation,culture orientation,active-reaction,and organization(P0.01) as compared with Chinese norms.Conclusions: Anxiety depressive problem were found in junior high school adolescent with family function deficit.


Abstract We study numerically the melting of a horizontal layer of a pure solid above a convecting layer of its fluid rotating about the vertical axis. In the rotating regime studied here, with Rayleigh numbers of order $10^{7}$, convection takes the form of columnar vortices, the number and size of which depend upon the Ekman and Prandtl numbers, as well as the geometry – periodic or confined. As the Ekman and Rayleigh numbers vary, the number and average area of vortices vary in inverse proportion, becoming thinner and more numerous with decreasing Ekman number. The vortices transport heat to the phase boundary, thereby controlling its morphology characterized by the number and size of the voids formed in the solid, and the overall melt rate, which increases when the lower boundary is governed by a no-slip rather than a stress-free velocity boundary condition. Moreover, the number and size of voids formed are relatively insensitive to the Stefan number, here inversely proportional to the latent heat of fusion. For small values of the Stefan number, the convection in the fluid reaches a slowly evolving geostrophic state wherein columnar vortices transport nearly all the heat from the lower boundary to melt the solid at an approximately constant rate. In this quasi-steady state, we find that the Nusselt number, characterizing the heat flux, co-varies with the interfacial roughness, for all the flow parameters and Stefan numbers considered here. This confluence of processes should influence the treatment of moving boundary problems, particularly those in astrophysical and geophysical problems where rotational effects are important.


Reviews the journal Tourism Management over a six‐year period, from 1989‐1994. Focuses on five prominent themes in the tourism field: destination planning; marketing and promotion; new products; sustainable tourism; transport. Determines major themes and trends evolving in the tourism industry and reports, both in tabular and written form, on research and industry developments affecting both tourism organizations and their environment.


With the continuous development of China's modernization, the construction of large-scale construction, make the high slope in the construction project of geotechnical engineering projects has increased dramatically. How to solve the contradiction between high slope with complex topography and geology conditions, has become a problem to be solved. This paper introduces the anchor rod retaining wall technology combined with specific engineering example in the construction design and application of high slope. Anchor flexible retaining wall construction, safety, economy, obtained the very good application in the project. Anchor rod retaining wall are widely used in railway, highway engineering, also used in good condition. As a result, the anchor rod retaining wall in high slope protection engineering has a broad application prospect.


This study aimed to evaluate the physicochemical and microbiological quality of
 kimchi seasoning products purchased from an online shopping mall, using cluster
 analysis to inform consumers about the quality of commercial kimchi seasoning
 and enable them to make informed purchasing decisions. The clusters were
 classified into four groups: CKS02 to 03 (group I), CKS04 to 05 (group II),
 CKS07 to 09 (group III), and others (CKS01, CKS06, and CKS10) (group IV).
 Principal component analysis (PCA) validated the cluster characteristics and a
 strong correlation between the moisture content in group I, salinity in group
 II, capsaicinoids content in group III, and pH in group IV. Highly significant
 correlations were observed between the L (lightness) and b (yellowness) values,
 solid and moisture content, and viscosity and solid content of kimchi seasoning.
 The findings of this study provide information on the baseline quality of
 commercially available seasoning products, and it is expected that items with a
 high correlation among the seasoning qualities can be used as management
 indicators to ensure consistency.


This qualitative study aimed to investigate the effects of using smartphone's communication apps on Quality of Life (QoL) of elderly people living in Shiraz-Iran. The population of the study was all the senior residents registered with local public health centers located in Shiraz, Fars, Iran in 2018-2019. Overall, 20 participants volunteered to join the study, from the intervention and control groups (10 in each). Data were collected via semi-structured face to face interviews and analyzed using open-coding. The findings of this study and the educational training are intended to help families, practitioners in the aging field to pay more attention to teaching modern communication technology in order to promote healthier elderly and community.


In the article, the author analyses the political and social condition of Italian States in the 18th Century and the influence of French Revolution during the "Jacobin Revolutions" (1796-1799).


BACKGROUND
Atherosclerotic carotid disease represents approximately 20% of the causes of ischemic stroke. Effective treatment options, such as endovascular or surgical revascularization procedures, are available. Doppler Ultrasound (DUS) is a non-invasive, inexpensive, routine exam used to evaluate the presence of internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis. We retrospectively analysed the prevalence of severe atherosclerotic carotid disease in a population of patients with acute ischemic stroke/transitory ischemic attacks (TIAs), and the role of DUS in the detection of ICA stenosis and treatment decisions in these patients.

METHODS
A total of 318 patients with ischemic stroke or TIAs was admitted to our stroke unit, and 260 patients were studied by DUS. ICA stenosis was evaluated by DUS according to peak systolic velocity. All DUS exams were performed by the same operator. ICA stenosis was further assessed in 43 patients by digital subtraction angiography (DSA) using NASCET criteria.

RESULTS
Of the total 318 patients, 260 (82%) had DUS evaluation. Of the total 520 ICAs studied by DUS, degrees of ICA stenosis were: 0-29% n= 438 (84%); 30-49% n= 8 (2%); 50-69% n= 27 (5%); 70-89% n= 15 (3%); 90-99% n= 20 (4%); oclusão n= 14 (2%). Of the total 260 patients studied, 43 (16.5%) underwent DSA. Sensibility and specificity of DUS in the diagnosis of carotid stenosis over 70% were, respectively, 91% e 84%. Of the total 31 patients with significant carotid stenosis (70-99%), 23 (74%) underwent subsequent carotid revascularization procedures.

DISCUSSION
DUS is an important screening test in our stroke unit, justifying its use as a routine exam for all patients with ischemic stroke/TIAs. Moreover, our results show the relevance of severe carotid disease in a population with acute ischemic stroke/TIAs (16.5%), with a total of 9% of patients being submitted to carotid revascularization procedures.


Present garden roses lack winter hardiness and are more or less susceptible to Blackspot. Winterhardy and disease resistant cultivars and species of Rosa are available but these have generally a short flowering season and they do not have the flower quality of present garden cultivars. Breeding programs were devised with diploid and tetraploid cultivars and species to obtain winterhardy, remontant roses with resistance to blackspot, Diplocarpon rosae Wolf., and to powdery mildew, Sphaerotheca pannosa Wall. ex. Fr./Lev. For the program at the diploid level, cultivars of R. rugosa Thunb. were used as source for hardiness and disease resistance and cultivars of R. chinensis Jacq. as source for the everblooming habit and flower quality. For the program at the tetraploid level, unnamed seedlings of different hybrid origin were used as source for hardiness and disease resistance and garden rose cultivars as source for the everblooming habit and flower quality. The desired results have been partially obtained from both breeding programs but the program with tetraploid roses produced the first tangible results.


Based on the Web of Science Collection databases from 2000 to 2019, a scientometric analysis of 416 academic works related to intelligent justice was carried out to reveal the development trend in this field and provide recommendations for future researches. The results showed that the number of publications had increased in steps, especially rapidly growing in 2015 – 2019. Through visualization analysis of keyword co-occurrence network and reference timeline map, the main research method was "Data mining" technology and hotspots mainly focused on "crime analysis", "detection" and "forensics". Furthermore, the most productive country was USA and China followed as the key area performing such research. Correspondingly, the USA institutions occupied the absolute main in the forefront research institutions. However, owing to the private data, which was obtained difficultly by the public, the intelligent justice researches were only studied in several separate institutions, with institution-collaboration and author-collaboration in a small-scale. By contrast, the intelligent justice researches in USA and Europe were earlier than China, but the Chinese government had stronger interest in the intelligent justice researches recently. The Chinese government launched a number of intelligent justice researches in recent 3 years, not only in crime analysis area, but also in intelligent judgement area. China was playing an increasingly important role in intelligent justice research domain.


This paper is a study of competitive and cooperative interactions among members of a competitive industry group. There are few strategic, tactical or market moves that do not affect competition in any industry. Competitive and cooperative interactions among competitive firms are studied to determine how the reactions of competitors to an initiator of an action cause convergent or divergent patterns. It is hypothesized that the patterns, or cycles, of competitive and cooperative interactions are a function of complexity of the interaction cycle, degree of offensiveness of participants' moves, action reversibility, previous interaction experience, interaction cycle visibility and response time. An empirical test of the hypothesis revealed that the two most strongly supported hypotheses were: interaction cycle complexity increases the likelihood of interaction cycle convergence, and interaction cycle visibility increases the likelihood of interaction cycle divergence.


Using inner terminal end (11), and, using the inside of the metal strip grating having metallic strip conductor tracks (12) outside the terminal ends which are electrically connected via a (10), the electrical subassemblies together method for forming an electrical connection between the electrical terminals of the semiconductor component as another part have been proposed, in this way, the semiconductor component and the punching processing grating portion and the electrical subassemblies a manner, positioning at least two electrical terminals of the semiconductor components to the inside of the terminal end of the corresponding, the positioning result, the two inner terminal end of the semiconductor component, can be fixed so as not to move, the during fixing, the mechanical fixing and at the same time, electrically connecting the respective electrical terminals of the semiconductor component, forms the inner terminal end, the time of the formation, as the metal strip grid, at least one side of Advance prior to combining with the semiconductor component, at least a predetermined non-conductive material in a portion within the region; metal strip grating embedded in the (1-9) in, for example, is to use a push-processing grid. This approach is used to contact connection without bonding the semiconductor components for high power applications that may further losses Power 1 watt results.


Phmd)s )1iorylase, which in vitro synthesizes glycogemi from glucose-i -phosphate , presents an ideal system for this type of study. Incubation mneehia for "phosphiory!ase" (Takeuchi and Kuriaki, J. Histochem. Cytochem. 3: 153, 1955; Guha and Wegmnann, Ann. Histochim. 4: 103, 1959) permnit synthesis of glycogen by phosphorylase, but not by the uridine diphosphoglucose pathway. This has been ascertained by studies on substrate reeluirement, pH optimum, specific activator response and by a stronger reaction than in the


Tourette's syndrome is a trivial neurodegenerative condition characterized by repetitive agitation, tics, and motor and phonic constituents. Tourette syndrome, along with amplified striatal dysfunction, has been conceptualized as a disorder which mainly affects basal ganglia. Some forms of co-morbidity follow TS such as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Obsessive Compulsive Behavior/Disorder (OCB/D) and Autism Spectrum Disease (ASD); also mental disorder coexists, such as depression, anxiety, Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD), CD and Personality Disorder (PD). Individuals with Tourette syndrome are likely to repeat phrases, actions, sounds regularly or can accidentally say words or perform socially inappropriate gestures. Some patients suffering from Tourette syndrome report discomfort with their tics. Aware attempts to reduce tics will help. Both tics and Tourette's syndrome are diagnosed using the medical history of a clinician and the subject's physical examination. No tests are available which will validate the diagnosis. Whether the tics are mild or do not interfere with everyday life there is no need for medication. Depending on the extent of the tics that cause speech or movement issues, attention should be given to both non-pharmacological and pharmacological methods like behavioral treatment or medication. Though there is no permanent cure for TS, the conditions do subside during the late teens and early 20s thus making it favorable for the patients to withdraw medication for tic suppression.


In recent years, tall buildings have become an important part of landscapes in many European cities. The trend becomes increasingly common and tall buildings are developed in previously low rising historical towns. One of them is Milano where in recent years the number of new high rising buildings has been steadily growing. The article discusses specific spatial nature of a city in the context of influence of tall buildings on the contemporary image of a city. The analysis of the urban structure uses a computer aided method of determining the range of visual impact of a building to identify locations and areas of exposition. Results of the simulation are verified by the author through research carried out in Milano in 2013.


Starch is a potential substrate for this purpose, but the extra cost is needed to hydrolyze it into reducing sugar. As an alternative to the expensive and energy demanding conventional hydrolysis process, the low-temperature hydrolysis is being studied. Granular Starch Hydrolysing Enzyme (GSHE) was used in the process to degrade starch into reducing sugar at 30°C and pH 4. The substrates included bitter cassava flour, sweet cassava starch, and gadung flour. Starch concentrations studied were 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, and 400 g/L, respectively, while concentration of enzyme was 1.5 % (w/w). The optimum condition of the process was hydrolysis using 200 g/L of substrate concentration and enzyme  concentration of 1.5% for 12 h. It was found that the reducing sugar was  49.3  g/L and the productivity of reducing sugar (Q rs ) was 4.11 (gL -1 h -1 ).   Lineweaver-Burk plot of Michaelis-Menten equation was used to study the inhibition kinetics. The Michaelis-Menten constants (K m )  for these three substrates were determined as 141.64 g/L, 137,64 g/L and 140.84 g/L for bitter cassava flour, sweet cassava starch, and gadung flour, respectively. The value of  V m /K m , which denotes the affinity of the enzyme to the substrate, were determined and compared, and the result showed that the affinity (V m ) to the enzyme to this substrate followed  the order of sweet cassava starch˃ bitter cassava flour˃ gadung flour, and all are non-competitive inhibitor, while the  K i value was 0.022 h -1 .


This article has no abstract.

Keywords:

liquid crystal;
field sequential color;
FLC technology;
spatial light modulator;
Agfa DIMAX system;
FLC polymer;
in-plane switching;
microdisplays;
surface-stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystal;
Canon;
Citizen;
Sharp;
Idemitsu;
chevron structure;
bistability


The purpose of the current study is to expand the previous studies which analyze the impacts of final demands changes on the total outputs of industrial sectors of a specific country. More specifically, the study conducts the analysis regarding the impacts on the total outputs of Japanese industries. The study employs a demand-pull Input-Output (IO) quantity model, one of the calculation tools in the IO analysis. The study focuses on thirteen industries. There are two scenarios used in this study, namely exports and imports modifications. The "whole sector change" condition is considered in the calculations. An initial period in this study is 2011. The results show that the positive impacts on the total outputs of focused sectors are delivered by scenario 1, the change of exports. On the contrary, the negative impacts are distributed by scenario 2, the modification of imports. The suggestions for improving the total outputs of discussed sectors are based on the results.


This opinion piece describes the basic components of a Lean Banking System and how it can help drive performance improvement. Also, the article discusses the importance of metrics and the importance of considering Lean Principles when outsourcing specific processes.


In the current scenario of the COVID-19 pandemic estimating the count of number of people present in public places at a particular time has become a significant task. Crowd count is attracting a lot of researchers from the computer vision and deep learning field. It has been found that to achieve this objective computer vision techniques such as deep learning, machine learning, etc. outperform traditional ways of estimating crowd count that uses handcrafted features such as Histogram of gradients, Haar, Scale Invariant Feature Transform and gives better results with higher accuracy. The paper studies the effect of dilation on convolution layers in estimating the crowd count. We have also done a comparative analysis of the developed model with different dilation rates on the ShanghaiTech dataset (part A and part B). The model is trained with images containing occluded and restricted visibility of heads. The model outputs the result with substantial accuracy in estimating the headcount in images of the dense crowd in a sensibly less amount of time.


ABSTRACT This study evaluated the simultaneous recovery of recombinant 503 antigen and endotoxin removal from E. coli homogenate by immobilized metal affinity- expanded bed adsorption chromatography (EBAC), using the non-ionic surfactant Triton X-114 during the washing step. The strategy employed was able to remove more than 99% of endotoxin in all conditions tested, and the lowest residual concentration obtained was 10.22 EU/mL, with a recovery of 503 antigen ranging from 41.4% to 61.1%. Therefore, the procedure of integrating the clarification, recovery of protein, and endotoxin removal into a unit operation exploiting the EBAC was successful.


In 2009, the University of Alabama-Huntsville configured their GOES satellited-based solar radiation product to include Puerto Rico, the US Virgin Islands (USVI), Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica, and Cuba. The half-hourly and daily integrated data are available at 1 km resolution for Puerto Rico and the USVI and 2 km for Hispaniola, Jamaica, and Cuba. These data made it possible to implement estimates of satellite radiation-based evapotranspiration methods on all of the islands. The use of the solar radiation data in combination with estimates of other climate parameters facilitated the development of a water and energy balance algorithm for Puerto Rico. The purpose of this paper is to describe the theoretical background and technical approach for estimating the components of the daily water and energy balance. The operational water and energy balance model is the first of its kind in Puerto Rico. Model validation results are presented for reference and actual evapotranspiration, soil moisture, and streamflow. Mean errors for all analyses were less than 7%. The water and energy balance model results can benefit such diverse fields as agriculture, ecology, coastal water management, human health, renewable energy development, water resources, drought monitoring, and disaster and emergency management. This research represents a preliminary step in developing a suite of gridded hydro-climate products for the Caribbean Region.


Climate signal maps can be used to identify regions where robust climate changes can be derived from an ensemble of climate change simulations. Here, robustness is defined as a combination of model agreement and the significance of the individual model projections. Climate signal maps do not show all information available from the model ensemble, but give a condensed view in order to be useful for non-climate scientists who have to assess climate change impact during the course of their work. Three different ensembles of regional climate projections have been analyzed regarding changes of seasonal mean and extreme precipitation (defined as the number of days exceeding the 95th percentile threshold of daily precipitation) for Germany, using climate signal maps. Although the models used and the scenario assumptions differ for the three ensembles (representative concentration pathway (RCP) 4.5 vs. RCP8.5 vs. A1B), some similarities in the projections of future seasonal and extreme precipitation can be seen. For the winter season, both mean and extreme precipitation are projected to increase. The strength, robustness and regional pattern of this increase, however, depends on the ensemble. For summer, a robust decrease of mean precipitation can be detected only for small regions in southwestern Germany and only from two of the three ensembles, whereas none of them projects a robust increase of summer extreme precipitation.


With the advancement in computational speed, transform coding has been a promising technique in image data compression. Traditionally, an image is divided into exclusive rectangular blocks or subimages. Each subimage is a partial scene of the original image and they are processed independently. In low-bit rate applications, block boundary can develop due to discontinuities between the subimages. A two-stage transform coding scheme to reduce such effect is proposed. The first stage transformation is applied to the subimages, each being a reduced under-sampled image of the original. The second stage transformation is applied to the transform coefficients obtained at the first stage. A simple coder with discrete Walsh-Hadamard transform and uniform quantization is used to compare the preliminary simulation results obtained from the proposed scheme and the traditional method.


We developed a magnetospinogram (MSG) system equipped with a closed-cycle helium recondensing unit. The MSG system detects weak magnetic fields evoked by neural activity of spinal cords using superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) and provides functional images effective for the diagnosis of spinal cord diseases. Thus far, the cost of liquid helium (LHe) required to maintain the superconductivity of the SQUID magnetometers has prevented the MSG from being used widely. Here, we combine an LHe recycling system using a pulse tube cryocooler and a low-loss transfer tube for transporting LHe to the system. This allows the superconducting state of SQUIDs to be maintained for half a year without refilling the LHe. The frequency band of noise from the recondensing system was different from that of the MSG signals. Therefore, the MSG signals were obtained at a sufficient signal-to-noise ratio even when the recondensing system, which is located just beside the magnetically shielded room, was in operation. In this paper, the details of the developed MSG system and the results from preliminary measurements using the system are reported.


The main objective of this study was to improving students' paragraph writing skill through task-based approach teaching methodology. To this end, the researcher made a quantitative research design to investigate the issue. To collect the necessary data for the study, experiment was employed as the main data collecting tool. Then, the data was analyzed using quantitative approaches. Accordingly, the researcher used different tables which shows the students' pre-test and post-test results and changed into percentage. The study revealed that the students' paragraph writing skill can develop by using task-based approach teaching methodology.


The ultrasonic technique is very effective for non-destructive measurement of fresh and hardened cementitious composites. In this study, the ultrasonic technique is further developed with embedded piezoelectric transducers for cement paste hydration monitoring. In this method, the transducers were pre-placed in a mold before casting the specimen. After the specimen was cast, the transducers were used to generate and receive ultrasonic waves. Wave velocity and amplitude were measured. From the velocity measurement, the hydration process of cement paste could be interpreted. The interaction between the transducers and the cement paste was analyzed. In addition, the dynamic modulus was calculated using the wave velocity. Since the embedded transducers had good coupling with the cement paste, reliable test results have been obtained. It is feasible to use the technique as an in situ technique to monitor the hydration process at an early age, as well as the health condition after maturing for a concrete structure.


the ordinary theatre-goer in an age smelling of mortality? How did plagues and diseases, sepulchral sermons and endless funeral processions form a mentality? And what of the books on ars moriendi, the art of dying, and the teachings of the Church, as compared to classical stoical ideas about man's attitude to his destiny? In his attempt to analyse the speeches from a modern point of view, Andrews tends to neglect historical considerations. We have no reason to believe that Renaissance man shared our values and prejudices. In his analysis of a speech in Ford's 'Tis Pity She's a Whore, Andrews says: 'the almost mechanically inserted references to physical suffering dehumanize and distance, making Hippolita's death something that an audience observes without any expenditure of sympathetic involvement' (p. 113). This may be true about an audience at the Barbican today, but it may not be true when it comes to an audience in the early seventeenth century. The strange appeal of grotesque and violent deaths should be analysed at length in a study like this. The book's value would perhaps have increased if the author had concentrated on a few plays, and instead broadened the analyses of the motive of death. And the deaths in the plays should not only be treated as instances of dramatic art, but also as representations of life's horror-show.


Using an estimated bicarbonate concentration ([HCO(3)(-)]) in water and discharge rates of surface water and underground water from the Houzhai Basin, southwest China, from 1986 to 2007, we estimate that the mean carbon uptake rate was 20.7 g C m(-2) yr(-1). The surface water and underground water contribute about equally to the total carbon uptake from 1986 to 2007. About 97% of the interannual variation of annual carbon uptake can be explained by the discharge rate. Within a year, the net carbon uptake rate by karst during the wet season (May-October) was found to be about 2.4 times that during the dry season (November-April). If the seasonal variations of discharge rate and bicarbonate concentrations are not accounted for, estimates of annual net carbon uptake by karst can be biased by >25%, but that bias becomes very small (<5%) when averaged from 1986 to 2007 for the Houzhai Basin. We also found that one of the empirical models as used in global modeling overestimated the net carbon uptake by karst at Houzhai Basin by 29%. Carbon uptake from chemical weathering of all karsts in China is estimated to be about 12 Tg C yr(-1) at present (1 Tg = 10(12) g), or about 57% of the rate of net carbon accumulated in the forest biomass from 1981 to 1998 in China; we therefore recommend the inclusion of carbon uptake from chemical weathering in the regional carbon budget of China.


This study compared college seniors' self-evaluation of skills considered important for lifelong learning from the mid-1980s to the mid-1990s. The study used data from the College Student Experiences Questionnaire (CSEQ), a national database begun in 1983 which includes over 200,000 student records from over 600 colleges and universities. An index derived from the_CSMthe_capacity for Life-Long Learning, was applied to the records of 26,629 college seniors from 173 colleges and universities who 'completed the CSEQ in 1984-87 and 16,794 seniors who completed the CSEQ in 1994-97. Findings led to three conclusions: (1) the capacity for life-long learning of seniors in the 1990s approximated that of their 1980s counterparts; (2) students at selective liberal arts colleges exhibited the greatest capacity for life-long learning during both time periods, especially when compared with students at general liberal arts colleges and comprehensive colleges and universities; and (3) students majoring in basic academic disciplines fared better than others (especially business and computer science majors) in developing life-long learning skills and competencies. (Contains 34 references.) (DB) ******************************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ********************************************************************************


As previously mentioned there are two welldefined clinical and biochemical entities of phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency: Folling's disease, i.e. persistent hyperphenylalaninemia with low phenylalanine tolerance, and persistent hyperphenylalaninemia with >>normala phenylalanine tolerance (Table V). It will be discussed later that these two phenotypes may also be genetically different. In addition, there seems to be a third phenotype of phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency: persistent hyperphenylalaninemia with a relaxed phenylalanine tolerance, i.e. a phenylalanine tolerance approx. 50 per cent higher than that of children with Folling's disease (Fig. 5 ) .


Java ginseng (Talinum paniculatum Gaertn.)root was reported to have efficacy similar to the Korean ginseng(Panax ginseng)root. Hairy root induction of Java ginseng on free hormone solid medium Murashige and Skoog (MS) using genetic transformation mediated by Agrobacterium rhizogenes had succesfully performed. 2 -3 cm in lenght of hairy roots were initiated from cut edge of leaves after two weeks incubation and were used for subculture experiments on solid and liquid MS medium without hormone. Subculture swere performed 4 times for two weeks period. Final incubation of the fourth subculture showeddifferences of medium type (solid and liqiud) affected hairy root development. Hairy rootson solid MS medium grew straight and had no brancing, whereas hairy roots on liquid medium hadbranching and forming ball like structures (2-3 structures/cm). Hairy root swhich were subcultured on liquid medium looked thicker than on solid medium. The thickness of hairy root, branching and formation ball like structure indicated suitability liquid medium as subculture medium than solid medium.


In the present study, we have isolated and purified chemical components in Saiko root (Bupleuri mdix) extracts having potent binding affinity to cholecystokinin type-B (CCK-B) receptor. Radio receptor assay for CCK-B receptor was successfully used for detection of the active components throughout the purification steps. Saiko root was extracted with distilled water, ethanol, acetone and hydrochloric acid, respectively. Among the extracts, the water extract exhibited the highest binding activity for CCK-B receptor in rat cerebral cor-tex and GH3 cells. The water extract was then used as the starting material. Isolation of the active component was performed by (1) gel filtration on Sephadex G-50, (2) ion exchange chromatography on a Q-Sepharose column, and (3) reverse phase HPLC on a YMC D-ODS column. Finally, the active fraction having a strong binding affinity for CCK-B receptor was purified by RP-HPLC to give a single sharp peak eluted at 17 min. These results suggest that the substance isolated in the present study may be a peptide. In fact, the sequence analysis of this substance revealed that the N-terminal sequence was Ser-Tyr-Arg-Glu-Pro-Asn-Thr-.


The South Dakota legislature made that state the first to repeal all religious exemption clauses and did so resoundingly. The near-unanimous vote in February, supports the AAP stance that state legislatures remove religious exemption clauses from state statutes and regulations. Norman Fost, M.D., chairman of the AAP committee on Bioethics, supported the move taken by South Dakota legislators. "It9s very encouraging when you realize the uphill struggle faced," Dr. Fost said. "You9re askinng legislators to take a stance that is not viewed as appealling.


This paper summarizes recent research on the way women define themselves, the way they reason about moral dilemnas, the way they learn, and how they view success and maturity and then addresses two related questions. Are tho characteristics of women compatible with the dominant mode of operating in organizations or institutions? Or, how much of the nature of organizations is bound up with masculinity? The answer leads to a final question: How can women survive and succeed in masculine organizations and still value and nurture their on differences? Since the operational mode in organizations is clearly masculine, the popular literature advises women to think, talk, and dress like men to order to succeed. Several suggestions are offered to women who wish to nurture their on way of seeing and reasoning and their on sense of connectedness. The author suggests that if women speak out and share their perceptions they can help humanize the organizations that many men as well as women find alienating. WOMEN AS OUTSIDERS WITHIN ORGANIZATIONS The proliferation of popular literature advising women how to "fit in" provides ample evidence that women have "outsider" status within many organizations. Women are advised how to think, talk, and dress like men in order to succeed (Koester, 1982). Clearly this abundance of advice would not be forthcoming if women and men did not perceive gender differences which pose problems for women in fitting into organizations. The purpose of this paper is to summarize recent research on women, the way they define themselves, the way they reason about moral dilemnes, the way they learn, and how they view success and maturity and then to address two related questions. Are the characteristics of women compatible with the dominant mode of operating in organizations and institutions? Or, how much of the natur , of organizations has been bound up with masculinity? This question was suggested by Evelyn Fox Keller (1985), the physicist who raised a similar question for science. The answer leads to a final question: How can women survive and succeed in masculine organizations and still value and nurture their own differences? Within the last ten years women scholars have pubblished accounts of gender differences differences which often have been overlooked, denied, or devalued :Gillig3n,


A mixed elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) model for a coated angular contact ball bearing is developed by coupling the influence coefficients with the unified deterministic mixed EHL model. Based on the bearing quasi‐dynamics analysis, the influences of the surface roughness, coating thickness, and boundary friction coefficient on the mixed EHL performance of the coated bearing are discussed. The results reveal that high surface root‐mean‐square roughness can be detrimental to bearing lubrication performance and increase the risk of coating failures. Coating thicknesses on the order of a few microns have a limited effect on the contact load ratio, film thickness ratio, and friction coefficient while having a significant effect on the maximum surface tensile stress and interfacial shear stress, especially for high‐friction low‐speed conditions. A low‐friction self‐lubricating coating can effectively improve the tribological performance and prolong the service life of the bearing, especially in the bad lubrication state with severe asperity contacts.


Described in this paper is the biophysical significance of the archaeal 36-membered macrocyclic diether phospholipid 36MPC as a function of temperature, which was studied by measuring of membrane fluidity, liposomal proton permeability, and liposomal thermostability in comparison with its acyclic counterpart, DPhyPC, their glycolipid derivatives, 36MGen and DPhyGen, egg yolk lecithin eggPC, and a mixed lipid of DMPC–cholesterol (2 : 1). Fluorescence anisotropy measurements indicated that the macrocyclic structure led to a decrease in the fluidity in the inter-membrane hydrophobic part more than in the membrane surface by limiting the motional freedom of the alkyl chains. The proton permeability was also significantly reduced by introducing a macrocyclic structure. Liposomal thermostability measurements using 6-carboxyfluorescein (CF) suggested that 36MPC formed liposomes with greater thermal stability than these of DPhyPC. The presence of glycolipids to the corresponding phospholipids greatly reduced the ...


Considering the problem of the existence of CMC Cauchy surfaces, Galloway [2] asked whether for any globally hyperbolic, spatially compact and future timelike geodesically complete manifold (M, g) satisfying the strong energy condition (SEC), the future causal boundary of (M, g) consists of one point. We show that the answer to this question is "no" in any dimension greater or equal to 3, and that there are plenty of counterexamples, more precisely: On a manifold of dimension ≥ 3, every globally hyperbolic spatially compact conformal class contains future complete metrics satisfying the strong energy condition. In the spatially noncompact case, the same is true in the future of any Cauchy surface. On p. 675 of [2], Galloway writes (where "SEC" stands for "strong energy condition"): "Conjecture 2. Let (M,g) be a spacetime with compact Cauchy surfaces. If (M,g) is future timelike geodesically complete and satisfies the SEC then (M,g) contains a CMC surface. A question related to this conjecture is whether the assumptions imply that the future causal boundary consists of one point." The author learned about the relevance of this question when Galloway presented it at the GeLoCor conference in February 2021, pointing out that the conjecture already figures in an earlier article of his with Eric Ling [3], and that, if the dimension of M is 2, then the answer to the question is "yes", as in this case the SEC is equivalent to assuming nonpositive timelike sectional curvature, and then the statement is implied by [4], Prop. 5.11. This short note is intended to show that the combination of the two conditions in the question do not restrict the conformal structure of the spacetime at all in dimension ≥ 3, answering Galloway's question in the negative: We just consider a semi-Riemannian product (R ×N,−dt2 + gN ) whose future causal boundary is homeomorphic to N and equip it with an appropriate conformal factor, which does ot change the future causal boundary. The result is some sort of combination of two earlier results of the author ([5], Th. 16, and [6], Th.8), ensuring the existence of one conformal factor satisfying both requirements at once, whose proof however requires a different method. ∗Institut für Mathematik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, D-10099 Berlin, Email: firstname.lastname@example.com


The number of signalized intersection accidents were about 21% of total traffic accidents in 2001 year, and there has been an increasing number of traffic accidents at intersection since 1990s. Although many studies for a safety evaluation methods at intersections have been progressed, most of these studies have not used general data which applied to all intersections. Therefore, this study developed two prediction models of the traffic accident severity levels using traffic conflict data that were collected at all of the intersections. These prediction models of the accident severity levels which are made up a multiple regression analysis and a neural network model that used the error backpropagation algorithm were made of using the gap between vehicles and speed, accident severity levels of existing traffic accident data at signalized intersection. When each of these two models predicted the twenty existing traffic accident severity levels, the prediction ability of neural network model was better than that of the multiple regression model, The collected data from the field which are gap between vehicles and speed of traffic conflict data at intersection were applied to the prediction models, and these models predicted that if the conflict connected a traffic accident, it will more or less raise the traffic accident severity level. When we evaluate the safety at intersection in case of lack of traffic accident data, we are able to collect such traffic conflict data from the field. Accordingly as these data is applied to the models, we can decide the risk-level at intersections which are based on the prediction of traffic accident severity levels.


In the context of the HL-LHC upgrade of the ATLAS experiment, the introduction of a highly segmented radiation hard siliconized inner tracker is envisaged to cope with highly granularity. The Planar Pixel Sensors (PPS) collaboration, comprising of institutes from 16 countries, was established to investigate the transposability of already proven planar pixel technology to those harsh requirements. Introducing a comprehensive approach, state-of-the-art achievements in several scopes are presented: novice designs, including bias rail rerouting, active edge technologies and enlarged pixel implementations, 3D TCAD doping profile simulations in conjunction with secondary ion mass spectroscopy measurements, slim sensor productions eliminating support wafers as well as large area devices, Ni-Au under-bump metallisation effects as well as hybridization efforts, data acquisition systems developments and irradiation results from recent test beams. Presented results form a synthetic approach, providing insight in contemporary developments and open subjects with respect to silicon particle detectors.


In the modern world, IoT plays a vital role. In general, each device works on a different protocol. The problem of achieving communication between two processes across a network or an internetwork is considered. The notion of logical connectivity between processes in a protocol is formalized. The problem of constructing a protocol converter to achieve interoperability between processes that implement different protocols is addressed. A formal model is presented, based on the theory of protocol projection, for reasoning about the semantics of different protocols and conversions between them. This paper 'Multiple Protocol Converter' aims in converting from one protocol to any other protocol as per the requirement which supports different devices to interconnect with IoT seamlessly.


In the late Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty, local Confucian intellectuals in some undeveloped areas of China, such as Wen Xiangfeng in Shanxi, Wang Qiyuan in Guangxi, Xie Wenjian in Jiangxi, Wei Yijie in Hebei, etc., not only showed their faith in Confucianism, but also highlighted their thinking on some religious issues. In this paper, three aspects are discussed as following. Firstly, they proposed actively with the view of "serving the Heaven", "respecting the Heaven", "holding in awe to the Heaven" and "putting down some roots"; some of them even attempted to establish a kind of religion as "Confucianism". Secondly, the concept definition of religious issues, such as "the Heaven", "the God", etc., is a vivid mirror of the interaction between Confucianism and religions in the late Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty. Thirdly, they held quite different attitudes towards the Catholicism, rejecting or evaluating the foreign religion from the perspective of traditional religion or Confucian idealist philosophy. In a word, the new thinking trend between Ming and Qing Dynasties brings us much reflection.


A Klebsiella pneumoniae strain was isolated from clinical specimens, which were sampled from laying chickens, by means of using microscope inspection, culture of pathogenic organism, biochemical tests and pathogenicity analysis. A dead vaccine with hydroxide aluminum as adjuvant against K.pneumoniae was developed from the strain. The safety, protectiveness and immunity of the vaccine were detected. The result showed that the vaccine with high qualities was safe for chickens.


To improve the reliability and stability of FH communications, nonlinear transforms are used according to the properties of linear modulated digital signals. Based on the information included in the PSD of the transformed signals, an algorithm for detecting interferences applied to adaptive FH is proposed. The algorithm is based on Bayesian decision-making, which belongs to blind detection of signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The simulation results show that the algorithm meets the requirements of FH communication systems.


Abstract Mobility as a key modern phenomenon can be seen in multiple ways and this article raises the question of how mobility becomes visible and real through diverse ways of seeing mobility. Mobility's different aspects appear and take place in particular spatial settings under the workings of diverse forms of power, and recognizing this informs us about the making of spatialised mobility. It is shown how mobility intermingles with perceptions, experiences and desires of the modern self. Such workings of power relate, among other things, to framing and imagining, practising and experiencing mobility. Capturing ways of seeing mobility thus widens our language for engaging with questions of mobility and its political and social reality and possible futures.


In recent years there is a proliferation of ubiquitous portable computing devices which can be used in the absence of connection facilities in disconnected environments. A huge number of these devices are portable such as srnartphones, tablets and laptops. Without proper connection facilities, these devices could connect via ad hoc network as an alternative solution to overcome their needs of connectivity. However, generally most operating systems for smartphones and tablets do not support the feature of creating and even connecting to ad hoc networks. In addition, there are some drawbacks of ad hoc networks such as low performance and high energy consumption. These shortcomings motivate us to find a proper substitute network structure to efficiently fill the absence of ad hoc networks whenever using ad hoc is not feasible in practice. Finding an alternative way to establish ad hoc connection brings prominent use cases in several fields including disaster management, social networking, entertainment and marketing. Furthermore, it has the potential to open new prospects for further research. Our proposed solution, NodesJoints is meant to be used in the absence of ad hoc connectivity or existing network connections. It takes advantage of WNIC (wireless network interface card) virtualization and on-client AP (access point) feature to construct and connect a tree of nodes to perform message passing among the clients in infrastructure mode. Throughout this paper, our proposed framework is explicated for different stages of network life cycle such as network creation, routing table, route discovery and routing table update mechanisms.


Tracking a moving object and reconstructing its trajectory can be done with a stereo camera system, since the two cameras enable depth vision. However, such a system would not work if one of the cameras fails to detect the object. If that happens, it would be beneficial if the system could still use the functioning camera to make an approximate trajectory reconstruction.In this study, I have investigated how past observations from a stereo system can be used to recreate trajectories when video from only one of the cameras is available. Several approaches have been implemented and tested, with varying results. The best method was found to be a nearest neighbors-search optimized by a Kalman filter. On a test set with 10000 golf shots, the algorithm was able to create estimations which on average differed around 3.5 meters from the correct trajectory, with better results for trajec-tories originating close to the camera.


ABSTRACT Background: Very few recent studies are available that compare caregiver burden, sleep quality, and stress in caregivers of different types of dementia. We aimed to investigate caregiver burden, sleep quality, and stress in caregivers of patients with frontotemporal lobar degeneration and dementia with Lewy bodies, as compared with caregivers of patients with Alzheimer's disease. Methods: This study was carried out from March 2011 to January 2014. In total, 492 dyads of patient and caregiver (frontotemporal lobar degeneration, n = 131; dementia with Lewy bodies, n = 36; Alzheimer's disease, n = 325) participated in this study. We compared patients with respect to the Neuropsychiatric Inventory and caregivers with respect to the Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale. Results: Frontotemporal lobar degeneration and dementia with Lewy bodies patients presented significantly more neuropsychiatric symptoms compared to Alzheimer's disease patients. Caregivers of frontotemporal lobar degeneration and dementia with Lewy bodies patients experienced significantly more burden compared to Alzheimer's disease caregivers. Furthermore, among caregivers of both frontotemporal lobar degeneration and dementia with Lewy bodies patients burden was predicted by the neuropsychiatric symptoms, PHQ-9 scores, and GAD-7 scores. Conclusions: The frequency and severity of behavioral disturbances in patient and caregiver stress accounted for the increased caregiver burden, which suggests that frontotemporal lobar degeneration and dementia with Lewy bodies caregivers should receive more support than is currently available.


Abstract: The growing interest in the positive effects of the forest on the individual and social sphere and in the cultural and social development of local realities has motivated this survey to investigate the preferences of recreational activities carried out in the forest. The study was aimed to understand the effect of the forest on the psychological conditions of its users, and to evaluate the value attributed to the ecosystem services of the forest by the users themselves. The survey focused on the perception of the forest of the students of the degree courses in Forestry and Environmental Sciences of the University of Florence. The survey population was constituted by 283 students, 219 enrolled in the three-year degree course and 64 in the master's course; 36% of the population, 102 students, answered a questionnaire specially created for this study. The main frequentation of the forest for free leisure activities has defined psychological well-being through the sensation of "serenity", as the one most perceived, and sensations of "energy", "euphoria", "quiet", "relief" and "lucidity". A high value was attributed to the ecosystem services of the forest, such as "local climate regulation" and "air quality regulation", by demonstrating the weight of the background of university studies. The survey is proposed as a pilot study for the analysis of psychological well-being and the recreational services of the forest useful to numerous professionals connected to it.


Purpose: Carrying out the analysis of the physical and radiobiological equivalence of dose distributions obtained during the planning of hypofractionated stereotactic radiation therapy of the prostate cancer and verification using a three-dimensional cylindrical dosimeter.
Material and Methods: Based on the anatomical data of twelve patients diagnosed with prostate carcinoma, stage T2N0M0 with low risk, plans were developed for stereotactic radiation therapy with volumetric modulates arc therapy (VMAT). The dose per fraction was 7,25 Gy for 5 fractions (total dose 36,25 Gy) with a normal photon energy of 10 MV. The developed plans were verified using a three-dimensional cylindrical ArcCHECK phantom. During the verification process, the three-dimensional dose distribution in the phantom was measured, based on which the values of the three-dimensional gamma index and the dose–volume histogram within each contoured anatomical structures were calculated with 3DVH software.
The gamma index value γ (3 %, 2 mm, GN) at a threshold equal to 20 % of the dose maximum of the plan and the percentage of coincidence of points at least 95 % was chosen as a criterion of physical convergence of the calculated and measured dose distribution according to the recommendations of AAPM TG-218. To analyze the radiobiological equivalence of the calculated and measured dose distribution, the local control probability (TCP) and normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) criteria were used based on the calculated and measured dose–volume histograms. Contours of the target (PTV) and the anterior wall of the rectum were used for the analysis. The approach based on the concept of equivalent uniform dose (EUD) by A. Niemierko was used to calculate the values of TCP/NTCP criteria.
Results: The results of physical convergence of plans for all patients on the contour of the whole body were higher than 95 % for the criteria γ (3 %, 2 mm, GN). The convergence along the PTV contour is in the range (75.5–95.2)%. The TCP and NTCP values obtained from the measured dose-volume histograms were higher than the planned values for all patients. It was found that the accelerator delivered a slightly higher dose to the PTV and the anterior wall of the rectum than originally planned.
Conclusion: The capabilities of modern dosimetric equipment allow us move to the verification of treatment plans based on the analysis of TCP / NTCP radiobiological equivalence, taking into account the individual characteristics of the patient and the capabilities of radiation therapy equipment.


The pragmatic theory of art, as defined by Abrams in The Mir ror and the Lamp, is that which is directed primarily toward the audience and which regards "the work of art chiefly as a means to an end, an instrument for getting something done, and tends to judge its value according to its success in achieving that aim." This theory seemingly works against expressionism, which emphasizes the role of the artist while depreciating that of the audience. As Shelley says in "A Defence of Poetry," the "Poet is a nightingale, who sits in darkness and sings to cheer its own solitude with sweet sounds. . . ." Though he may be over heard by others, his song is not sung mainly for them but for himself—a soliloquy, to use Mill's analogy. But, in truth, the audience derives a special delight in eavesdropping on the artist, who can reveal his innermost thoughts and feelings by being consciously unconscious of his public. Mimesis, on the other hand, is incorporated by pragmatism as one means of attaining a desired effect on the audience. For example, in Johnson's comment "Nothing can please many, and please long, but just representations of general nature" ("Preface to Shakespeare"), imitation is clearly subservient to the pragmatic end of pleasing the audience. Pleasure, then, as one of the intended results of a work of art, is part of the pragmatic theory and is applicable to any art form. More particularly applicable to literature is the other half of pragmatism—instruction. The traditional association be tween rhetoric—the art of persuasion—and writing, as well as the inherent suitability of written discourse for instruction, has identified didacticism with literature more than with the other arts, but they, too, are quite capable of instruction. When, however, they truly rise to the level of art, beyond such purely practical forms as maps and mnemonic ditties, these other arts always blend instruction with pleasure, ordinarily with a pri mary emphasis on the latter. So it is, too, when writing becomes


Mapping the intergalactic medium (IGM) in Lyman-$\alpha$ emission would yield unprecedented tomographic information on the large-scale distribution of baryons and potentially provide new constraints on the UV background and various feedback processes relevant for galaxy formation. Here, we examine the Lyman-$\alpha$ emission of the moderate-density IGM due to collisional excitations and recombinations in the presence of a UV background in the Sherwood simulation suite. We focus on large-scale-structure filaments in which Lyman-$\alpha$ radiative transfer effects are expected to be moderate. At low density the emission is primarily due to fluorescent re-emission of the ionising UV background due to recombinations, while collisional excitations dominate at higher densities. We discuss prospects of current and future observational facilities to detect this emission and focus on VLT/MUSE for a more detailed sensitivity analysis. We construct mock MUSE observations resembling the MUSE Hubble Deep Field South from our simulations and show that our predictions are consistent with recent analyses of diffuse Lyman-$\alpha$ emission using MUSE at redshifts $3 < z < 6$. We find that it should be most feasible to detect the Lyman-$\alpha$ emission from filaments in the IGM in overdense regions, somewhat surprisingly towards the high-redshift end ($z \gtrsim 4.5$) accessible by MUSE, and if narrowband widths close to the MUSE spectral resolution limit are used. This is due to the higher densities and lower temperatures in the IGM at higher redshift. High-redshift protoclusters therefore appear to be the ideal environment to observe filamentary structures in the IGM in Lyman-$\alpha$ emission.


Direct plasma loading on a LiChrospher ADS C18 cartridge on-line coupled to an analytical Zorbax XDB C18 column was used to analyze felodipine by means of positive atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) tandem mass spectrometric (MS/MS) detection. Appropriate sensitivity, accuracy, and precision were obtained using an ion trap mass analyzer operated in a multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. Diethyl-4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate) was used as an internal standard. The method was fully validated. The method was successfully applied to a pilot bioequivalence study made on extended release oral dosage forms containing 10 mg of felodipine, under fed and fasting conditions.