Jasmonates (JAs) play an important role in plant developmental processes and regulate the biosynthesis of various specialized metabolites and transcription factors are crucial in mediating jasmonate signaling to regulate these processes. Capsaicinoids (Caps) are intriguing specialized metabolites produced uniquely by Capsicum species that give their fruits a pungent flavor to defend against herbivory and pathogens. In this study, we identify a R2R3-MYB transcription factor CaMYB108 and demonstrate its roles in regulating the biosynthesis of Caps and stamen development. Transcriptional analysis indicated that CaMYB108 was preferentially expressed in the flower and fruit, while the subcellular localization of CaMYB108 was shown to be the nucleus. Virus-inducing gene silencing (VIGS) of CaMYB108 led to the expression of capsaicinoid-biosynthetic genes (CBGs) and the contents of Caps dramatically reduce. Moreover, the CaMYB108-silenced plants showed delayed anther dehiscence and reduced pollen viability. Transient overexpression of CaMYB108 caused the expression of CBGs to be upregulated, and the Caps content significantly increased. The results of dual-luciferase reporter assays showed that CaMYB108 targeted CBG promoters. In addition, the expression of CaMYB108 and CBGs was inducible by methyl jasmonate (MeJA), and was consistent with the increased content of Caps. Overall, our results indicate CaMYB108 is involved in the regulation of Caps biosynthesis and stamen development. Moreover, the results provide a new perspective on the function of CaMYB108 and the convergent and divergent functional evolution of MYB108 among different species.


In this paper we have used a three-dimensional coupled physical and biological model to examine the marine ecosystem of Jiaozhou Bay. Physical processes included (1) the M2 tide, (2) river discharges, and (3) winds. The biological model described a simple, phosphorous-based, lower trophic food web system. The model results showed that tidal mixing had a direct impact on temporal and spatial distributions of nutrients and phytoplankton as well as on shellfish aquaculture. Nutrients and phytoplankton were well mixed vertically by tidal motion. Their concentrations were highest around northwestern and northern regions of the bay near river sources and decreased with water depth from the inner bay to the outer bay. A phytoplankton bloom can occur around the northwestern coast due to the "accumulation" of nutrients under southeasterly wind conditions. The flux analysis suggests that in summer the nutrients in Jiaozhou Bay was directly supplied and maintained by physical processes, but the temporal variation of phytoplankton was controlled dominantly by biological processes associated with nutrient uptake, grazing by zooplankton, and consumption by shellfish. Shellfish aquaculture can modify the bay-scale balance of the ecosystem in Jiaozhou Bay. The loss of phytoplankton in shellfish aquaculture sites tended to be compensated by advection and diffusion from the surrounding waters. A large consumption of phytoplankton by shellfish can cause a net flux of phytoplankton from the Yellow Sea to Jiaozhou Bay, although there was a net nutrient flux flowing out of the bay. The physical mechanism for the water exchange between Jiaozhou Bay and the Yellow Sea was controlled mainly by a chaotic process associated with nonlinear interactions between oscillating tidal currents and double residual eddies.


La0.7Mg0.3Ni3.5-xAlx(x=0,0.1,0.3,0.7,1.0) and La0.7Mg0.3Ni2.8Co0.7-xAlx(x=0,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4) hydrogen storage alloys were prepared by solid diffusion reaction under Ar atmosphere.The phase structures of alloys were analyzed by X-ray diffraction(XRD),as well as the electrochemical performance of alloy electrode with cyclic voltammetry(CV)and charge/discharge test,so as to investigate the effect of Al substitution on electrode characteristics.The results show that all alloys are composed of LaNi5,La2Ni7 and LaNi3 phases.With the increase of x value,the cell volume of La2Ni7 phase enlarges and the content of LaNi5 phase becomes low markedly,while the content of LaNi3 phase increases.La2Ni7 phase can be favorable to improve charge/discharge properties of alloy electrode.However,excessive content of Al has a negative impact on the discharge performance of alloys.The maximum values are 354.5 mA.h/g and 373.1 mA.h/g for La0.7Mg0.3Ni3.4Al0.1 and La0.7Mg0.3Ni2.8Co0.6Al0.1 electrodes,respectively.Cyclic voltammetry results indicate that the significant peaks responding to oxidation and reduction reactions and small difference between peak potentials mean good reversibility of the electrode during charge/discharge reaction.


Church as an institution of religion is unable to cope with «unspiritualness» even with an excellent understanding of the social and economic reasons of this phenomenon. This problem cannot be solved without consolidation of efforts of science, education and ethics. Religion and science have their parallel, but leading to the common aim. The line of demarcation between religion and psychology should not be importunately drawn.


Measurements of spectral emittance in the infrared region from 6.8 to 13.3 micrometers were made with an airborne spectrometer at a rate of six spectra per second, on flights 650 meters above the olivine basalt flows at Pisgah Crater in the southern Californian desert. The spectra show chemical and mineralogical differences that can be related to differences in the terrain below the aircraft.


Formal hardware verification ranges from proving that two co mbinational circuits compute the same functions to the much more ambitious task of proving tha t a sequential circuit obeys some abstract property expressed in temporal logic. In tracing t he history of work in this area, we find a few efforts in the 1970s and 1980s, with a big increase in verification capabilities the late 1980s up through today. The advent of efficient Boolean infer ence methods, starting with Binary Decision Diagrams (BDDs) and more recently with efficient Bo olean satisfiability (SAT) checkers has provided the enabling technology for these advances. 1. Introdu tion Functional hardware verification involves determining whe ther or not a logic design matches a specification of its intended behavior. Mos t c mmonly, the design consists of a combinational or sequential logic gate circuit (possibly derived from an RTL description), and so the analysis can be per formed purely at the Boolean level. Furthermore, the circuit is generally ssumed to be either fully combinational or fully synchronous, and hence the fun ctionality can be verified without any consideration of the circuit timing. In many applications, the specification is also given as a log ic circuit. This form of verification is referred to as equivalence checking . For example, a designer might want to verify that some optimizations to a netl ist did not alter its functionality. Even when verifying that a gate-level netli st implements a specification given in a hardware description language such as Ver ilog or VHDL, the first step is typically to expand the HDL description into gat e-level form and then use this as the specification. Equivalence checking can be further categorized as combinationalor sequential. With combinational equivalence checking, the two circuit s are acyclic, gate-level circuits, and the task is to determine whether th y compute the same 1


A fast track finder is presented which, unlike its more efficient, more computationally costly O(n3) time counterparts, tracks particles in O(n) time (for n being the number of hits). Developed as a tool for processing data from the ILC's proposed SiD detector, development of this fast track finder began with that proposed by Pablo Yepes in 1996 and adjusted to accommodate the changes in geometry of the SiD detector. First, space within the detector is voxellated, with hits assigned to voxels according to their r, {phi}, and {eta} coordinates. A hit on the outermost layer is selected, and a 'sample space' is built from the hits in the selected hit's surrounding voxels. The hit in the sample space with the smallest distance to the first is then selected, and the sample space recalculated for this hit. This process continues until the list of hits becomes large enough, at which point the helical circle in the x, y plane is conformally mapped to a line in the x', y' plane, and hits are chosen from the sample spaces of the previous fit by selecting the hits which fit a line to the previously selected points with the smallest {chi}{sup 2}. Trackmore » finding terminates when the innermost layer has been reached or no hit in the sample space fits those previously selected to an acceptable {chi}{sup 2}. Again, a hit on the outermost layer is selected and the process repeats until no assignable hits remain. The algorithm proved to be very efficient on artificial diagnostic events, such as one hundred muons scattered at momenta of 1 GeV/c to 10 GeV/c. Unfortunately, when tracking simulated events corresponding to actual physics, the track finder's efficiency decreased drastically (mostly due to signal noise), though future data cleaning programs could noticeably increase its efficiency on these events.« less


The problem of integration of the educational process and sports training of student-athletes in organizations of higher education and professional educational organizations is considered. Two ways of solving this problem are given: through the creation of digital services – a service for combining educational activities and sports training and a service for optimizing training activities and through the creation of sports training centers.


The modular two-loop power plants (SPP) with parabolic trough concentrators (PTC) and photovoltaic modules (PVM) installed on their receivers are described. The PVMs in these plants allow their operation to be made fully autonomous and independent. These thermodynamic plants are intended for water lifting, desalination, heat supply and electricity production. The utilization of PVMs makes them totally autonomous. Two different modular two-loop plants for water pumping and electricity production are presented. In the second type of plant the PVMs installed on the PTC receiver, being an economizer of the second loop, are used with the corresponding equipment for decomposition of water into oxygen and hydrogen, which is a fuel for the auxiliary boiler.


Premixing of fuel and air can avoid high temperatures which produce thermal NOx, but oscillating combustion must be eliminated. Combustion oscillations can also occur in Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle turbines. As an alternative to design or operating modifications, METC is investigating active combustion control (ACC) to eliminate oscillations; ACC uses repeated adjustment of some combustion parameter to control the variation in heat release that drives oscillations.


: We propose a method to evaluate the RSS model using data obtained from real roads. Recently, the Responsibility-Sensitive Safety (RSS) model representing the minimum safety distance has been proposed. After that, there were studies to evaluate the RSS model using simulators. Most virtual simulation studies showed that the RSS model guarantees safety but adversely affects traffic flow by estimating the distance too long than necessary. We evaluated the RSS model using data obtained in natural situational environments, unlike previous studies. First, we found correlations representing distances between vehicles from the data using Graph Neural Networks. Using the obtained correlations, we expressed it as a mathematical model through symbolic regression. As a result of comparing the model we found with the RSS model, we verified that the RSS model has a significant trade-off between safety and traffic flow.


Cloud Services may be offered as public or private or combined. There is the demand of timely, repeatable, and controllable methodologies for evaluation of algorithms, applications, and policies before actual development of cloud products. Using simulation, we can study the behavior of them in cloud environment. Cloud-Analyst, the Cloud-Sim based tool, is useful to model and analyze cloud computing environment and applications. The simulator uses different algorithms (Service Broker Algorithms, Load balancing algorithms etc) and generates report as per configuration. With the help of simulation report, we can modify the cloud environment as per requirement. The service proximity based routing policy used in the simulator selects data center from the earliest region to route the user requests. When there is the situation to select one data center from those with same region, the policy selects data-center randomly without considering cost-effectiveness or other parameters. We have proposed the extended service proximity based routing policy. Using proposed policy, we can have cost effective routing of user requests to the data center than in the original one. And thus, some of the research issues related to cost can be explored.


Background: The growing popularity of CAM among the public is coupled with an ongoing debate on its effectiveness, safety, and its implications on the reimbursement system. This issue is critically important for GPs, who have a "gatekeeping" role with respect to health care expenditure. GPs must be aware of medications' uses, limitations and possible adverse effects. Our objective was to explore GPs' knowledge of CAM and patterns of recommendation and practice, as well as the relationship between such patterns and GPs' lifestyles .


The development of the rhetorical tradition in the West owes a largely unacknowledged debt to Islamic scholars. Between 711 and 1492 CE, Muslim-controlled Spain became a significant site of scholarly inquiry into the European Classical heritage—often involving the efforts of Christian, Jewish, and Muslim thinkers. One of the luminaries of this scholarly tradition is Ibn Rushd (known more generally by his Latinized name, Averroes), known to Medieval thinkers as "The Commentator" for his vast, multifaceted corpus of work on Aristotle, The Master of Those Who Know.


Social and economic sustainable development is restricted by shortage of water resources in northern China, environmental geological problems which induced by groundwater over-extraction. In this essay, an assessment method of groundwater allowable withdrawal evaluation is discussed, take the Manzhuang water source for example, on the basis of the exploitation of pumping test methods for calculating allowable withdrawal of Manzhuang water sources, the result is 14747 m3/d, unsteady flow method is used of predicting the water level drawdown of dry season which have no more than 70 m, the problems of contesting water is avoided between exploitation and utilization of poor-quality water and local high-quality groundwater.


Abstract At the Savannah River Site, highly enriched uranium (HEU) is dissolved, purified, and blended with natural uranium to make low enriched uranium solutions sufficiently pure for conversion to power reactor fuel. The process to dissolve and purify aluminum-clad HEU fuel at SRS is well-established. However, for the dissolution and recovery of metal scrap, flowsheet changes were proposed. This study evaluates the proposed changes. Specifically, solvent extraction modeling calculations were performed which indicated that one solvent extraction cycle would be sufficient to purify the metal scrap solution by removing boron, which is added as a neutron poison. In addition, stability constants from the literature and Savannah River National Laboratory corrosion studies were documented to demonstrate that boron complexation of fluoride in nitric acid solutions, at the levels anticipated, is sufficient to prevent excessive corrosion in stainless steel vessels. Downstream from the purification process, limitations on the boron concentration in waste evaporators were recommended to prevent formation of boron-containing solids.


Conference and event schedules are published in an ad-hoc fashion with no publishing standard. The goal of this paper is to propose an open universal XML-based format to represent conference schedules. The paper also reports on the design and implementation of a reference application that is able to render conference schedules adhering to this format.


Objective To observe the effects of combined treatment with Levocarnitine and DanHaong Injection on on senile ischemic heart disease and heart failure. Methods One hundred and thirty-seven patients were selected with ischemic heart disease and heart failure. Patients had been randomLy divided into two conventional group (68 patients) and observation group (69 patients). Both groups were treated with conventional treatment, included adjustment fat, antiplatelet, anti-ischemic treatment, by taking anti-heart failure medichine, such as diuretic, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor(ACEI), aldosterone antagonists. The observation group was given extra Levocarnitine 2.0 g in 20 mL 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection daily and Danhong Injection 40 mL in 100 mL 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection daily, for two weeks. Before and after treatment, echocardiogram for LVEF, LVFS, SV and CO were detected. Urinalysis, electrolyte, liver and kidney function of the two groups were observed. Results After treatment, the differences of curative effect, LVEF,LVFS, SV and CO between two groups were all stattiically significant (all P 0.05). Re-examing of urinalysis, electrolyte, liver and kidney function indicated no abnormal. Conclusion Combined treatment with Levocarnitine and DanHong Injection significantly improved curative effect on senile ischemic heart disease and heart failure, and it is safe and effective.


Healthy seed is essential for successful cultivation of potato. In Gujarat, the crop health in late crop stage (after 15 January) suffers due to heavy infection of viruses transmitted through aphids. To reduce the virus infection, the dehaulming is generally done at 75 days after planting, which is not economical as it causes yield loss. Pre-sprouting by exposure of seeds to varying accumulated temperature sum (degree days) is helpful in improving yield potential of seed crop because of its influence on crop growth (3). Considering the importance of potato seed production and its limitations under Gujarat conditions, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of exposure of seed tubers to different degree days.


purpose: To determine the structure of the construction of monitoring physical development, physical fitness and physical state of the controlled segment of the population. materials and methods: analysis of scientific literature on the research, the use of statistical material anthropometric data local population, the use of attributive semantic spaces for the presentation of the individual features of physical development and physical readiness of local population. The results: the structure of the construction of monitoring physical development, physical fitness and physical state as the basis for statistical process control capabilities of the physical capacity of the country's population. conclusions: The certification of the physical condition and the physical capacity of the country will allow purposefully control the physical development of the population, taking into account regional, climatic and social conditions in the planning of its economic potential.


In India agriculture offers employment to more than 50% (2018) of the workforce. Agricultural output is, however, affected by crop insects and the government has put several mechanisms in place to address this issue. Insect classification is a crucial part of this process to address insect infestation. Traditionally, insects have been identified by trained taxonomists who have wide and varied experience in detecting insects. However, satisfying the requirement of having qualified and competent taxonomists to identify insects based on their morphological characteristics is not a viable method for the geography of India and many parts of the world. Hence, to alleviate this situation, we have used Transfer Learning model to detect the insect. In this work, EfficientNet B0 model has been used to classify and recognise the insects. K-fold cross validation has been applied to make the models more robust and to make the prediction scores more dependable. The EfficientNet B0 model was able to surpass the benchmark accuracy and has improved classification and recognition of insects, which when used in the early stages of insect attack can be used to employ appropriate countermeasures effectively.


Objective To understand the incidence and development of allergic diseases among the students in Wenzhou Medical College.Methods In 2009,2042 students in grade 1-3 in Wenzhou Medical College were enrolled in the survey,the retrospective questionnaires were used to collect the information of allergic diseases incidence in infant and toddler period,preschool period,school period and puberty.The analysis was conducted with statistical software SPSS 16.0.Results The incidence of allergic diseases increased with the age.Prior to adulthood,22.0% of students had suffered from allergic diseases.The incidence was 18.9% for females,and 24.0% for males.Atopic dermatitis and food allergy occurred in preschool period and school period were the risk factors to induce asthma and allergic rhinitis disease in puberty,allergic diseases in early life were risk factors to induce same allergic diseases in puberty.ConclusionThe incidence of allergic diseases varied by age,and females had higher incidence than males.Allergic diseases have continuity,the allergic diseases in early life are the risk factors to the incidence of allergic diseases in following years.


The Zr(O-nC3H7)4 and Ca(CH3COO)2⋅H2OH2O-C2H5OH-HCl solutions were prepared and heated at 80°C for hydrolysis-condensation reaction of the alkoxide. The spinnability of the solutions was examined in the course of reaction. Following results have been obtained.(1) The Zr(O-nC3H7)4 solutions with the H2O/alkoxide molar ratio ranging from 0.7 to 1.5 and C2H5OH/alkoxide molar ratio larger than 4 exhibited spinnability within 2 to 9 hours. The ZrO2 gel fibers were successfully drawn.The CaO-ZrO2 gel fibers could also be drawn from the corresponding alkoxide-acetate solution with H2O/alkoxide molar ratio of about 1 and C2H5OH/alkoxide ratio of 27.(2) The solution composition region for spinnability is considerably limited, compared to the cases of making SiO2 and TiO2 gel fibers from Si(OC2H5)4 and Ti(OC3H7)4 solutions.(3) Transformation of the tetragonal ZrO2 to monoclinic ZrO2 occurring in ZrO2 fibers above 600°C caused the fracture of the fibers on heating. The addition of CaO to fibrous ZrO2 increased the stability of precipitating tetragonal ZrO2 and resulted in the avoidance of fracture of fibers by heating.(4) It is considered that the linear type zirconoxane polymers consisting of ZrO6 octahedra connected with each other by sharing their edges are formed in the spinnable Zr(O-nC3H7)4 solutions.


The concept of organizational politics has come a long way to become one of the key factors in an organization's success. Albeit organizational politics is frequently studied by academics and practitioners, the idea generation and research framework have remained scattered and fragmented because no systematic effort has been made to understand the underlying concept of organizational politics. Therefore, a bibliometric examination of published work on organizational politics was warranted for further development of knowledge in the terrain. Hinging on published research studies on organizational politics, the current study aims to push back the frontiers of the literature by highlighting known and unknown areas and the most recent trends in organizational politics. The study analyses the data in terms of authors, universities, most cited articles, and the citing papers between 2010 and 2021. En masse, 377 research papers met the number of criteria set out. VOS viewer software was employed to carry out the analysis. The results of the study disclose a raising tendency in the field of organizational politics and highlight the most cited and prominent researchers in the field. Among the research published in the Scopus-indexed journals, the United States is the dominant country in the publications than other countries such as Germany, Israel, Turkey, Sweden, Greece Pakistan, Indonesia, and India. The study surely becomes a significant breakthrough for future research studies.


The multi-objective decision-making problem of conflict-free flight trajectories selection is solved using linear, multiplicative and Germeier's convolution of vector optimality criterion, which contains the flight regularity, economy and maneuvers complexity criteria. The computer simulation of multi-objective selection of conflict-free trajectories for resolution of the typical conflict was performed.


doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.4.4607
How to cite this:Saeed S, Bleie Ø. Antithrombotic therapy in COVID-19. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(4):931-932.   doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.4.4607
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.


The separation of a group of 17 purine and its derivatives by capillary zone electrophoresis is presented. A systematic approach was used to study the effect of pH, buff-er type, organic modifiers, applied potential, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and cyclodextrins on the separation of these pu-rine derivatives. An ideal condition was found for their se-paration, which was 30 mmol/L sodium borate buffer (pH 9-9.5), 10% (V/V) methanol buffer modifier and 20 kV. Un-der this condition, the 17 purine derivatives were baseline separated and the linear correlation coefficient for adenine,uric acid and 2-thioxanthine was 0. 99 over two orders of magnitude. The variation of peak areas was less than 4.6 %(n=5) and that of migration times was in the range of 0%-3%, while the samples were injected hydrodynamically at a height of 15 cm and an injection time of 8-10 s. In addition,alcohol, 1-propanol, 1-butanol and acetonitrile were also ef-fective additives in the separation. However, SDS and various β-cyclodextrin (β-CDs) were found to do no good to their se-paration.


The aim of this paper is to characterize incomplete preferences with optimism and pessimism (IPOP) over Anscombe-Aumann acts, a class of preference orders that may fail axioms that require the decision-maker to think contingently. The main result axiomatizes preferences ≿ represented by the following rule: f ≿ g ⇐⇒ inf μ∈C♭ ∫ (u ◦ f)dμ ≥ sup μ∈C♯ ∫ (u ◦ g)dμ, for any distinct acts f and g. Here, u is an affine utility function on lotteries, and C♯ and C♭ are non-disjoint, closed, and convex sets of prior beliefs over states of the world. This representation has a natural interpretation as cautious attitudes of the decision-maker under contingencies. She concludes that f is superior to another act g if and only if the pessimistic expected utility from f is still greater than the optimistic expected utility from g. The class reduces to the standard SEU preferences when belief sets are minimal, while it encapsulates obvious dominance, the decision criterion proposed by Li (2017), as the polar case of when belief sets are maximal.


There are four departments of psychology in Greece: the University of Crete, the National and Capodistrian University of Athens, the Aristoteleian University of Thessalonike, and Panteios University. Entry to university is based on national examinations and marks in secondary schools. The number of undergraduate students accepted each year at the four Departments of Psychology is approximately 800, and total number of undergraduate students enrolled is approximately 3000. Three degrees are offered in psychology. The Ptychion (Bachelors) degree requires 4 years of study and the degree is generic in that there is no specialization. The Masters degree (Metaptychiako Diploma) is in areas of practice such as clinical psychology, school psychology, and organizational and work psychology, and requires 2 or 3 years of study in addition to internship at a mental health centre, school, or organization. These programmes also lead to the Doctor of Philosophy, but doctorates are also awarded in other areas of psycholo...


In view of the problem that traditional vertical hoisting system driven by PMLSM is easy to produce phenomenon of out of step and oscillation,the paper proposed a design scheme of closed-loop vector control system of PMLSM with speed,current and position.It made modeling and simulation for the closed-loop vector control system of PMLSM with segmentation structure of vertical hoisting system under Matlab/Simulink by using vector control technology of oriented secondary flux and SVPWM method,and made closed-loop experiment based on self-made prototype in laboratory.The experiment result showed that the system has good dynamic and static performances and basically meets with demands of vertical hoisting system.


Tourism has now become a global need. The development of increasingly rapid globalization is very influential on the development of industry, including the tourism industry. Currently the tourism industry is part of one of the central foreign exchange earners for developing countries including Indonesia. The aim to be achieved is to increase expanded marketing of visiting interest in the Asi Mbojo museum. The data used is primary data. The research sample of 70 visitors who visited the ASI MBOJO museum. Data analysis tool in this research uses simple linear regression. The results of this study indicate that expanded marketing influences the interest in visiting the museum Asi Mbojo.


The purpose of the study is to explore an economically viable second life applications for electric vehicles (EV) batteries. There is a common consensus in the automotive industry that the reuse of retired EV batteries—often referred as a second life of a battery—can provide greater economic and sustainability benefits. Although literature acknowledged potential business opportunities with batteries' second life, there are still a lot of uncertainties, making success difficult to realize. In particular, identification of a profitable second life application with a right business model in the battery value chain has become a key success factor. Therefore, a case study, with a mixed research approach, considering both qualitative and quantitative methods, has been conducted in a company that is one of the leading manufacturers in the heavy-duty industrial vehicle industry, which currently is developing their electric vehicle machines with a li-ion battery pack. The study generated and analyzed several different second life concepts to find the most economically viable second life applications. The analysis concluded three second life business concepts in the initial phase. In the later phases, individual business model canvases and different reverse logistics processes were created, mapped, compared, and validated through quantitative analysis. The analysis show that out of three concepts remanufacturing application proved to be the most applicable one for the case company, within a range of 15 years' time. The paper contributes to the theory of circular business models in the context of EV batteries.


Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore the definition, prevalence, antecedents, consequences and coping behaviours associated with apprenticeship bullying in the building and construction industry.

Design/methodology/approach

The sample comprises 13 participants aged between 22 and 27 (M=23.8, SD=1.26) who were all men who had completed their apprenticeship within the past five years. Participants completed an individual semi-structured interview in which several themes and sub-themes were identified.

Findings

Four characteristics (intention to harm, imbalance in power, repeated behaviours, target interpretation) and two types (personal, work-related) were identified by participants as fundamental to the definition of apprenticeship bullying. Being the target of bullying was found to be commonplace during an apprenticeship. Several antecedents were identified at the individual level (age, personality, physical appearance, work ethic, work performance) along with factors at the organisation level (culture and leadership style) that determined whether bullying would occur. The consequences of apprenticeship bullying included poor individual (personal and work-related) and organisational outcomes. Targets of apprenticeship bullying also tended to use avoidance coping.

Originality/value

This study has provided clarification on the characteristics and behaviours associated with apprenticeship bullying, as well as identified the antecedents and consequences of apprenticeship bullying from the perspective of past apprentices in the building and construction industry.


Poster (subtitol): Notes on the Final Degree Project, developed by Alvaro Clua at the Barcelona School of Architecture (UPC-2012), under the supervision of prf. A. Linares


This paper presents an overview of the Parameter Identification (PID) program performed at Gulfstream for the G650, an executive transport aircraft. The main objective of the PID program was to accomplish a timely update and validation of the aerodynamic database for the G650 simulation. The PID program consisted of approximately 40 flight conditions covering all flaps settings through the normal operating flight envelope. An incremental model update approach was used to update the simulation; where increments/deltas to the stability and control derivatives were added to the simulation. Both equation error and output error PID methods were utilized during analysis. Verification of the updated simulation was provided by direct comparison of updated simulation results and flight test data. Typical results for a number of longitudinal and lateral directional maneuvers are included. The final updated simulation was successfully validated against a completely different set of flight test data at different flight conditions than those used to generate updates.


The unstable nonlinear Schrodinger equation is derived in the formalism of Drinfel'd-Sokolov. It is observed that the required reduction of the independent set of nonlinear field variables is automatic. Bi-Hamiltonian structure is deduced with the help of the master symmetry.


In this paper, teenagers undertaking regular wage labour parallel to their schoolwork tell about their life at work and their economic situation. The questions were: Why do they work? How much money do they dispose of? How do they spend their money? Do they save money? Do they express the links between moral values and work? What is their parents' attitude towards their work? Methods Teenagers who distributed a local weekly and fortnightly paper were interviewed. Both papers are distributed in the afternoon. The papers have been distributed by schoolchildren throughout the almost 80 years of their history – it is hard to get adult distributors since the working hours are only 1.5 each week and the income 480 SEK per month. There are 21 districts and accordingly 21 teenagers employed. Of these, seven, four girls and three boys, were interviewed at home, the interviews taped, transcribed and analysed according to the ideas of Grounded theory.


ABSTRACT When is an internal reference price selected for price judgements? This paper analyses how the combination of price and product attributes during the learning phase of internal reference prices influences reference price utilisation. We apply an experimental approach that accounts for two mechanisms of reference price learning. In two experiments, we vary the relationship between price and product attribute value. The results show that the internal reference price is only utilised in price judgements when a consistent relationship between previously observed prices and attribute values exists in the learning phase. This paper provides a unique approach to study reference price learning, which contributes to research by offering insight into the utilisation of reference prices. Results enable managers to strategically influence reference price learning and utilisation.


The pathogenic role of alteration of cell‐cycle proteins in rectal stromal tumors (GISTs) remains unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the prognostic role of p21 to compare with p53, PCNA, and Ki‐67 in rectal GISTs.


Climate change is a hot issue on the current time and snow melting process in alpine areas has be affected on the background of climate change, so it is necessary to study snow melting process especially the snowmelt model. In view of the shortcomings of the degree-day model (DDM), the double layer snow-melt model (DSMM) is improved and developed based on the original theory. Then the simulation of the snowmelt process of the upper reaches of Lancang-Mekong River is performed by the improved double layer snow-melt model (IDSMM) and DDM respectively, the simulation results are analyzed in view of model theory, snowmelt critical control conditions, the effects of the simulation and working conditions in the changing environment. The results show that IDSMM based on the energy and mass balance is superior to DDM in the snowmelt physics mechanism, and it not only can simulate the snow melting process, but also can simulate many physical processes, such as the canopy interception of snowfall, vaporization and sublimation loss in evaporation, the second precipitation from canopy surface, the process of snowmelt water freezing again and so on. The simulation results of snowmelt process is more tally with the actual situation and it can provide a reference to the research of snow and ice hydrology and the whole water cycle in a changing environment.


The invention relates to a method for indentifying water proofing of a capacitive touch panel. A plurality of press keys are configured on the touch panel and a press key is also configured inside the touch panel. The method in the invention comprises the following steps: comparing the capacitance value of each press key on the touch panel with that of the press key inside the touch panel so as to know the press key which is on the touch panel and has a larger capacitance value than the press key inside the touch panel; and determining that the press key with the largest capacitance value is the touched press key. The method provided by the invention is not only simple but also can be used for promptly judging whether the press key is touched in the presence of water.


The article is an attempt to specify key stages in the US agricultural policy develop-ment. The author has studied the strategic trends of state support of US agriculture at present and the main programmes of direct support to American farming enterprises.


It is one of the protective methods for motor to measure the temperature on stator and shaft bearing.However,one question is pendent,that is,how to lead the multi-leading wires from main body to the terminal box? In this article,one acceptable way is introduced and its availability is proven.


Given the preferences of several agents over a set of alternatives, there may be competing views on which of the alternatives would be the "best" compromise. We propose a formal model, grounded in social choice theory, for providing a justification for a given choice in the context of a given corpus of basic normative principles (so-called axioms) on which to base any possible step-by-step explanation for why a given target outcome has been or should be selected in a given situation. Thus, our notion of justification has both an explanatory and a normative component. We also develop an algorithm for computing such justifications that exploits the analogy between the notion of explanation and the concept of minimal unsatisfiable subset used in constraint programming. Finally, we report on an application of a proof-of-concept implementation of our approach to run an experimental study of the explanatory power of several axioms proposed in the social choice literature.


Either direct quenching or reheated quenching is adopted after the workpieces are carbonired.The main properties and applied conditions as well as selection principles of quenching processes are discussed in this paper.Its purpose is to reduce cost and improve benefit.


The fleet warranty guarantees the purchaser of a large population of like items that the mean life of the fleet will meet or exceed some negotiated mean μL. If the mean life is less than μL, compensation may be given in terms of a number of free replacement parts R. The expected number of replacements E[R] is studied based upon how the mean life of items in the field is determined and on whether the sampling window starts at time t = 0 (ordinary renewal process) or at some arbitrarily large time w (equilibrium renewal process). Properties of E[R] are compared and examples are given. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


Since 1995 the role of fungal hypaphorine in plants has been widely investigated and its IAA-antagonist activity recognized. Evidence of competitive antagonism includes organ development, gene expression or molecule-molecule interaction levels. Based on present knowledge, three sites of hypaphorine/IAA competition and subsequent signalling pathways have been hypothesized: the extracellular signalling pathway, the intracellular signalling pathway, and the transmembrane signalling pathway. Hypaphorine with other active indole alkaloids should be regarded as a new class of IAA antagonist finely regulating specific steps of plant growth or development.


This paper examines the impact of Loan Deposit ratio on the profitability of Malaysian commercial banks for the period of 2009 to 2013. The study included all the eight locally owned commercial banks in Malaysia. Loan deposit ratio of the banks was the independent variable of the study. The dependent variable was profitability which measures through Return on Assets (ROA). Data were obtained from the annual reports of the banks. The ratio analysis along with descriptive, correlation analysis, paired Ttest and regression analysis were used in this study. The result of the study indicated that there was a positive and nonsignificant impact of LDR on ROA is five banks (Bank 1, 2, 3, 4 and 8). Further the study revealed that only one bank (Bank 5) had a negative and non-significant impact of LDR on ROA and bank 7 had positive and significant impact. ___________________________________________________________________________


The use of soluble fiber (β-glucans) incorporated into whole muscle meat products is still unexplored and needs clarification on a number of factors including 1) if incorporation can be achieved, 2) possible levels of incorporation, 3) stability and bioavailability under conditions of storage and cooking, and 4) influence on the quality characteristics of the meat. Therefore, this study evaluated the incorporation of soluble fiber (β-glucans) in whole muscle chicken meat and identified changes in physical-chemical, textural, and microbiological properties during 9 d of storage under refrigeration at 4°C.


The 3rd IBSNucPhys was held in the auditorium of the Central Library of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece on September 18-24, 2002, continuing the tradition started in Istanbul, Turkey (1998) and Bodrum, Turkey (2000). The school was under the auspices of the Faculty of Physics of the Aristotle University and the Balkan Physics Union. It was sponsored by the Ministries of Education, Culture and Economics, as well as by the School of Phyiscs and the Research committee of the Aristotle University, the Hellenic Physical Society (Central-Western Macedonia branch), the Hellenic Nuclear Physics Society, the Municipality of Thessaloniki, and the National Bank of Greece. The school was attended by more than 90 participants from 22 countries all over the world. The large participation of young colleagues at the M.Sc. and Ph.D. levels should be particularly noticed. Their interest and enthusiasm was reflected in the 31 contributions they made during the special evening seminars. The titles and short abstracts of the contributions, along with the viewgraphs of the lecturers, can be found on the school's website: httpdnuclear. physics.auth.gribschooV index. html. The program included six onehour lectures per day. There were also 30-minute seminars and student contributions. The school was focused on hot subjects connected with nuclear structure and reactions of exotic nuclei and their influence on nuclear astrophysics. The representatives of several major experimental laboratories-G. Muenzenberg (GSI Darmstadt), M. Lewitowicz (GANIL), G. De Angelis (Legnaro), P. Butler (Liverpool), M. Thoennessen (MSU), R. Casten (Yale), M. L. Aliotta (Edinburgh), S. Harissopoulos (N.C.S.R. Demokritos), A. Youngclaus (Madrid)-presented their latest achievements as well as their future plans. From the theory point of view, many of the state-of-the-art theoretical approaches were presented and discussed in detail by P. Ring (Munich), T. Otsuka (Tokyo), J. Dobaczewski (Warsaw), J. Tostevin (Surrey), D. Vretenar (Zagreb), S. Goriely (Brussels), J. L. Egido (Madrid), L. Ferreira (Lisbon). The volume with the proceedings of the school is in preparation and will be published soon. During the school the Hellenic Nuclear Physics Society honored Professor G. Muenzenberg for his leading role in the discovery of new superheavy elements at GSI Darmstadt. Finally, the participants had the chance to visit the recently discovered tombs of Macedonian kings (including the one of Philip 11, the father of Alexander the Great) in Vergina, the ruins and the museum of the ancient city of Dion, the crusaders' castle of Platamona, as well as Mount Olympos, the traditional abode of the ancient Greek gods.


(57) ABSTRACT Dynamic range compression in the hearing aids is provided for restoring normal loudness of low level sounds without making the high level sounds uncomfortably loud. An appa ratus along with a method using sliding-band compression is disclosed for significantly reducing the temporal and spec tral distortions generally associated with the currently used single and multiband compression techniques. It uses a frequency-dependent gain function calculated on the basis of auditory critical bandwidth based short-time power spec trum and the specified hearing thresholds, compression ratios, and attack and release times. It is realized using FFT-based analysis-synthesis and can be integrated with other FFT-based signal processing in hearing aids and audio systems.


This paper is concerned with the description of principal congruence relations. Given elements a and b of a universal algebra , let θ(a, b) denote the smallest congruence relation on containing the pair 〈a, b〉. One of the earliest characterizations of θ(a, b) is Mal'cev's well-known result [5, Theorem 1.10.3], which says that c ≡ d(θ(a, b)) if and only if there exists a sequence z 0, z 1, …, zn of elements of and a sequence f 1, f 2, …, fn of unary algebraic functions such that c = z 0, d = zn , and for each i = 1, …, n, Although this describes θ(a, b) in terms of a set of unary algebraic functions, it is not possible to predict the number or complexity of the unary functions used independently of the choice of a, b, c and d. Several recent papers ([1], [2], [3], [4], [6]) investigate classes of algebras in which principal congruences are simpler.


As the first strictly two-dimensional material ever discovered, graphene provides a veritable playground of new physics, from the fractional quantum Hall effect (FQHE) ([8], [13]) to magic angle superconductivity superconductivity ([2]). Because electrons in graphene behave like massless Dirac fermions, graphene functions as a bridge between quantum field theory and condensed matter. In terms of technological applications, graphene's high Young's modulus (≈ 1.0 TPa) and intrinsic strength (130 GPa) suggest uses in construction and mechanical engineering, and strips of graphene have been demonstrated to function as effective transistors ([9]). Evidently, characterizing the physical properties of graphene is of interest to the scientific community. In particular, the electronic applications and appearance of FQHE states in graphene suggest that understanding graphene's behavior under a magnetic field would be particularly useful. When a magnetic field is applied to a graphene flake, the density of states formed discretized levels called Landau levels. A similar effect occurs under the application of a strain field ([4]). For a given amount of strain, one can define a pseudomagnetic field that behaves similarly to a standard magnetic field (with a defined vector potential) with two caveats. First, unlike a real magnetic field, a pseudomagnetic field does not violate time-reversal symmetry. Secondly, a real magnetic field exhibits gauge invariance, where the particular vector potential chosen is only unique up to the addition of the gradient of a function (A → A + ∇ f without changing the dynamics of the system). This invariance does not exist in the case of a pseudomagnetic field. The Hamiltonian that describes the dynamics of a particle in strained graphene ([10]) contains a term v0σi Ai, where v0 is the Fermi velocity of an electron on the lattice, σi is a Pauli matrix, and Ai is a component of the vector potential. The addition of a function ∇ f to the vector potential would result in a nontrivial term in the Hamiltonian. Large magnetic fields are often physically difficult to realize (the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory in Florida has a maximum output of 36 T); in contrast, applying a precise strain is significantly easier to achieve. Pseudomagnetic fields are thus particularly salient to experimental groups. The physical distinctions between real and pseudomagnetic fields open the question of how the pseudomagnetic field interacts with a real magnetic field, which is the subject of this work. This work is divided into four additional sections. In the first section, we provide a brief overview of the relevant physical properties of graphene, with references to additional literature as necessary. In the second section, we use numerical simulations to demonstrate that the interaction between a real magnetic field B and a small pseudomagnetic field BS, rather than being qualitatively equivalent to a field B+ BS, actually splits the Landau levels (a phenomenon undocumented in any existing literature). In the third section, we use a variety of perturbative methods to demonstrate that the most recent models for strained graphene (which were developed using symmetry approaches in [6]) fail to extract this splitting. In the final section, we discuss potential avenues to develop more sophisticated Hamiltonians that describe strain physics.


The electron source in the University of Maryland Electron Ring (UMER) injector employs a grid 0.15 mm from the cathode to control the current waveform. Under nominal operating conditions, the grid voltage during the current pulse is sufficiently positive relative to the cathode potential to form a virtual cathode downstream of the grid. Three-dimensional computer simulations have been performed that use the mesh refinement capability of the WARP particle-in-cell code to examine a small region near the beam center in order to illustrate some of the complexity that can result from such a gridded structure. These simulations have been found to reproduce the hollowed velocity space that is observed experimentally. The simulations also predict a complicated time dependent response to the waveform applied to the grid during the current turn-on. This complex temporal behavior appears to result from the dynamics of the virtual cathode formation and may therefore be representative of the expected behavior in other sources, such as some photoinjectors, that are characterized by a rapid turnon of the beam current.


9-Methylfluorene was tested as an indicator in the titration of commonly used organometallic reagents. This indicator is readily prepared in three steps from fluorenone. In THF solution the deprotonated indicator is red and exhibits a sharp endpoint. The highly basic reagents sec-butyllithium and tert-butyllithium can be titrated in ether solution, where the color of the deprotonated indicator is yellow.


THE TELLING OF LIFE STORIES has been instrumental within the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints from its early days. In the nineteenth and well into the twentieth centuries, virtually all Mormon biographies took high Church leaders as their subjects. Like biographies elsewhere, these works were written in the amateur tradition and fell into one of two categories: hagiographical or polemical. Hagiography accentuated the virtues of their subjects and smoothed out or ignored the rough edges. These works were designed to build the faith of their readers more than to explore the ambiguities of a life or its place in the broader culture. Polemical biography, by contrast, painted unf lattering portraits in an effort to steer Mormons out of their faith or to alert outsiders to the dangers the Mormons posed to Americans more generally. The explicit moralizing and overt partisanship of the hagiography-polemical approaches ref lected romantic sensibilities at work in pre-scien-


The present study examined the relationship between ratings by 133 representatives of business and industry of new employees' successful communication on the job and the employers' satisfaction with new employees' knowledge, skills, and abilities. Analysis supported the hypothesis, showing the importance of personal characteristics, i.e., ability to communicate successfully on the job, when investigating person-situation fit and organizational behavior.


This paper focus on the fact that we cannot learning a foreign language without being aware of is culture and fostering "communicative competence" without taking into account the different views and perspectives of people in different culture through analyzing the social dynamics that undergird language and understanding the fabric of society and culture charging language in varied ways.And considering ways of incorporating it not only into the foreign language curriculum but also into learners' repertoire and outlook on life.


Abstract The theme of improvement thermal proprieties of external cladding according to the New EU Directive is still a hot topic, which needs to be answered necessarily till December 2020. Maintenance and repair of existing ETICS became to also an actual open theme in search solutions for existing constructions. The aim of the research in this review is to analyze influence of layers the alternative thermal materials in technology "double thermal insulation". Humidity and temperature conditions will be further examined in connection with the development and colonization of microorganisms on surface construction.


About This Data Brief This DD Data Brief summarizes findings from the National Health Interview Survey on Disability conducted by the U.S. Bureau of the Census, National Center on Health Statistics in 1994 and 1995. It is an extension of the April 2001 MR/DD Data Brief on characteristics of and service use by persons with MR/DD living in their own homes or with family members. Here we re-examine employment services and status, personal supports used and needed, professional and mental health services, previous longterm care services, transportation services, preventative health care, and waiting for services. The new component in this Brief is an examination of how service use and needs vary by age (for persons 18-35 years versus persons 36 years and older), gender, and disability group (persons with intellectual and/or developmental disabilities [ID/DD] versus persons with one or more substantial functional limitations who do not meet the criteria of having ID/DD). This Brief uses a series of logistic regressions to examine how the services and support needs vary by age, gender, and disability group after controlling for overall health status, race, and economic status. Service Use by and Needs of Adults with Functional Limitations or ID/DD in the NHIS-D: Difference by Age, Gender, and Disability


Dear Sir We read with interest the case reports by Gaul et al. (1) and Obermann et al. (2). As persistent supporters of the existence of a primary orofacial pain with neurovascular features (3–5), we were pleased to see these appear in the 'headache' literature. Before proceeding with our discussion on the subject, we point out that Oberman et al. (2) have mistakenly quoted our report as including eight cases of 'facial migraine'. In our prospective study published in 1997, we collected a total of 55 patients with features that classified them as neurovascular pain, features including episodic, unilateral, throbbing pain that often woke patients from sleep (3). Many had local autonomic signs or complaints of nausea and photo/phonophobia. Applying the then current International Headache Society's criteria to the 55 cases, we established that 12 were cluster headaches, eight migraine without aura and six were paroxysmal hemicranias. We were then left with 29 cases that were 'atypical' largely due to the fact that the main focus of pain was intraor perioral; these 29 cases were our study group for facial neurovascular pain. Two-thirds of these 29 cases also described radiation of pain to the cheek or ear. Similar case series of isolated facial or orofacial pain with neurovascular features have been reported by Daudia and Jones (6), who presented 24 patients with maxillary pain, the 11 cases by Penarrocha et al. (7) and the current case reports (1, 2). What clinical entity do these cases represent? In tune with the authors' way of thinking, we suspect that these cases may indeed be based on migraine-like mechanisms (8). However, great care must be exercised when approaching classification; the use of 'orofacial or facial migraine' establishes an ostensibly clear pathophysiology and subsequently a therapeutic strategy. The lack of supportive evidence suggests that such classification may be premature. This is the reason we have preferred to use the term 'vascular orofacial pain', or, more recently, neurovascular orofacial pain (NVOP) (3, 9). This terminology allows for the ambiguity as to the underlying pathophysiology until further data accumulate. Indeed, patients with NVOP described in the literature may be atypical migraines, atypical trigeminal autonomic cephalgias (TACs) or a separate, distinct entity (3, 6, 7). Obermann et al. (2) have suggested that the pain experienced by their patients probably arose from dural structures, but perceived in the orofacial tissues via referral mechanisms involving convergence. If we examine the clinical profile of NVOP vs. other neurovascular-type headaches, the results are inconclusive. In terms of location, NVOP fits the referral pattern of the TACs more than it does migraine. TAC with pain originating in the jaws or radiating to the teeth is a very common occurrence widely described in the literature, and has caused extensive misdiagnosis (10–14). Little has been investigated concerning intraoral referral or location of migraine headaches. Furthermore mild and less frequent migrainous symptoms such as nausea and photophobia are persistent features of NVOP (1, 3, 7). This is similar to some TACs that are accompanied by mild migraine-like symptoms (e.g. nausea) (15–17). The alternative explanation is that migraine mechanisms may be present at sites other than the dural cerebrovascular junction. We have extensively discussed the possibility that NVOP patients may be 'facial migraines', but have also presented anatomical and neurophysiological data that may support NVOP as a primary phenomenon occurring in orofacial structures (3, 9). Activation of such mechanisms may then induce a primary neurovascular pain located at orofacial tissues. Demographically, most NVOP patients are female, as in migraine patients (1–3, 7). An interesting finding is that the reported age of onset in NVOP is relatively higher than would be expected in migraine: from 35 (7) to about 43 years old (2, 3). The significance of this finding is unclear; some of our cases have reported that in the past they suffered typically located and symptomatic migraines, and the appearance of NVOP may simply signify a change in location. Treatment response is a complex issue; some TACs (e.g. cluster headache) respond to abortive triptan therapy (18, 19), and divalproex has been successful in the prophylaxis of cluster headaches, particularly with migrainous features (17). It is true that most NVOP cases are in terms of attack duration more similar to migraines than TACs;


Basic models of lightning flashes represent them as bidirectional tree, with a negative and a positive leader ends propagating simultaneously into cloud charges of the opposite polarity. In these models, bidirectional channels remain a zero-net-charge starting at the electric potential of its initial location. In this paper we highlight some characteristics of bidirectional leader development of various lightning flashes registered by the Ebro 3-D Lightning Mapping Array at the east coast of Spain. A time-distance-altitude graph was designed, using the flash origin or a cloud-to-ground stroke as reference. This graph allows to follow the horizontal development of positive and negative leaders over time. The observations confirm that negative and positive leaders propagate at characteristic horizontal speeds (105 and 2·104 m s-1). The low apparent speed of positive leaders corresponds to the stages when recoil processes are active. Very fast negative leaders (up to 8 · 105m s-1) are detected in positive cloud-to-ground strokes. Negative leaders redevelop repeatedly from the origin or as a retrograde negative leader at the positive leader branch. Commonly, positive leaders remain propagating throughout the flash or until reaching ground. Assuming the bidirectional leader model, the velocity difference would shift the potential of the leader, increasing the potential gradient with cloud charge at the positive end while decreasing it at the negative end. The effect of retrograde negative leaders is to lower the leader potential. The reduction of the leader potential would eventually emit a new negative leader into the upper positive `potential well'.


Monosaccharides were investigated as chiral selectors in capillary electrophoresis of binaphthyl compounds. Among monosaccharides tested, glucose, mannose and their derivatives, except for methyl- β - d -glucopyranoside, were found to be effective for direct separation of racemic mixture of 1,1′-binaphthyl-2,2′-diyl hydrogenphosphate (BNP). d -Forms of galactose, sorbose, fructose, ribose, arabinose and xylose failed chiral separation of BNP. We tentatively concluded that monosaccharides (in the case of d -forms) must satisfy the following structural requirements for successful chiral separation of BNP enantiomers: (1) oxygen atom at C-1 is in α-configuration, (2) -OH group at C-4 is downward configurated and (3) the presence of a -CH^2OH or -CH^3 group at C-5. Thus, in the case of d -glucose, the chiral separation of BNP is anticipated to be achieved predominantly through the hydrogen bonding between oxygen atom at C-1 and hydrogen atom of -OH group at C-4 on D-glucose and hydrogenphosphate moiety of BNP.


: Channel selection is a challenging task in cognitive radio vehicular networks. Vehicles have to sense the channels periodically. Due to this, a lot of time is wasted which could have been utilised for transmission of data. Employing road side units (RSUs) in sensing can prove to be useful for this purpose. The RSUs may select the channel and allocate it to the vehicles on demand. However, this sensing should be proactive. RSUs should know in advance the channel to be allocated when requested. For this purpose, a deep reinforcement learning algorithm namely deep reinforcement learning based optimal channel selection is proposed in this study for training the network according to the previously sensed data. Proposed protocol is simulated and results are compared with the existing methods. The packet delivery ratio is increased by 2%, throughput is increased by 1.8%, average delay is decreased by 2% and primary user collision ratio is reduced by 3.2% when compared with similar recent work by varying number of vehicles. On the other hand, when compared with similar recent work by varying channel availability, the packet delivery ratio is increased by 4.5 %, throughput by 4.3%, average delay is decreased by 3% and PU collision ratio by 5.5%.


The subgrid-scale (SGS) terms of turbulence transport are modelled by the stretched-vortex SGS stress model, and a large-eddy simulation code multi-viscous fluid and turbulence (MVFT) is developed to investigate the MVFT problems. Then one AWE shock tube experiment of interface instability is simulated numerically by MVFT code, which reproduces the development process of the interface. The obtained numerical images of interface evolution and wave structures in flow field are consistent with the experimental results. The evolution of perturbed interface and propagation of shock waves in flow field and their interactions are analyzed in detail. The statistics features of turbulence mixing in the form of finer quantities, such as the turbulent kinetic energy, enstrophy, density variance, and turbulent mass flux are investigated, which also proves that the SGS model has a key role in large-eddy simulation. The turbulent kinetic energy and enstrophy decay with time as a power law.


Public-private partnership (PPP) is becoming increasingly important for furthering development goals. But deciding when a PPP is suitable and what PPP arrangement is best is difficult. Many options exist for such partnership arrangements, and the differences among them can be subtle but significant. It is therefore important that researchers for development, managers, advisors and policymakers understand the language and concepts of PPPs. This document aims to improve understanding of PPP for those who would use PPP arrangements to improve fisheries and aquaculture in developing countries.


Natural products have a broad range of diversity of multidimensional chemical formation which play an important role, and indicate the crucial nature as a golden source for gaining herbal drug discovery. Thymoquinone performs various functions and has anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-diabetic, impacts. It shows the significant influence on the treatment of different cancer types, such as bone cancer, bladder cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, and colon cancer. Sulforaphane has anticancer and antimicrobial properties, an anticarcinogenic constituents. Phloretin is a dihydrochalcone flavonoid which indicates a potent antioxidant activity in peroxynitrite scavenging and restraint of lipid peroxidation. The most important health benefits of phloretin are anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activity, and impacts on cancer cells. Its antioxidant activity occurs through a reducer of lipid peroxidation, the scavenger of ROS, and its anti-inflammatory impacts happen through declined level of cytokines, adhesion molecules, chemokines, suppression of NF-κβ transcription, and decreased expression of COX-2 and iNOS. Phloretin impacts cancer cells through cytotoxic and apoptotic activity and activation of immune cells against tumor. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate is the most abundant tea polyphenol, followed by other polyphenols, namely, catechin, epicatechin, epigallocatechin, and epicatechin-3-gallate. In this review manuscript, some important medical health advantages and pharmaceutical effects of thymoquinone, sulforaphane, phloretin, and epigallocatechin have been mentioned.


I ' ll make a brief statement only. At first I like to thank the university and particularly Prof. Werner for his invitation very much. We are glad that we may participate in this conference because we share many problems with all the othe r printing houses for the blind in the world. At first I want to describe our operations to demonstrate what kind of problems we have. We produce literature i n Braille and also on recorded tape. In this way we unite both kinds of reproduction and we produce Braille not only i n print but also in single copies for our library by hand. We feel that this form is very necessary because Braille is ver y space consuming and central institutions as the Zentralbucherei fur Blinde in Leipzig are practically the best storages of knowledge for all the blind that read and hear with us. I happens that handwritten Braille books are needed in very small editions, for example, two, three, four and fiv e specimens. In particular if it is special literature, for instance, for scientists. For these reasons we have contacted a large factory and tried to develop machinery that is able to operate five machines simultaneously controlled by one unit an d which in addition produces one paper tape that may be reused later on. At the same time we have provided the ability o f this machine to be driven by punched cards or paper tape. This machine of course could be used to drive an embossing machine. We do not intend, however, to produce our own program because we feel that all people should share something that is already completed and available. The progra m developed at the University of Munster can be used by us because we have computers that are very similar to those availabl e in the Federal Republic of Germany or by IBM. Yesterday we have heard very much about international cooperation and I am really glad that Prof. Werner and I have agreed that the Zentrale Blindenbucherei of the German Democratic Republi c may use the results of the computation center of the Westf. Wilhelms-Universitcit, Munster. Just as I am more generall y of the opinion that the only means and the only way to come along is true and good international cooperation. A proo f for this cooperation of the German speaking countries is …


The invention discloses geldanamycin derivative, preparation thereof and medicament application thereof. The structural formula as shown in the following formula (I) is a novel structural formula formed by modifying the geldanamycin, and the pair of heat shock protein 90 is good in activity. The compound as shown in the formula (I), or the medical salt of the compound; R1 group is phenyl or 3-furyl or 3-pyrryl or the other hexahydric heteroaromatic group, or the other quinary heteroaromatic group; and R2 group is carboxylic acid amide or acetyl or ethyl or the fatty hydrocarbon group of the other C1-C5 carbon straight chain or the carbonyl group of the other C1-C5 carbon straight chain fatty hydrocarbon. The compound as shown in the formula (I) has the characteristic of the high-efficiency combined heat shock protein 90, so that the geldanamycin derivative can be used for curing or preventing the tumor of the mammal, in particular to the solid tumor.


DMDX is a very powerful language technique. It has been used for many research areas such psychology and speech pathology. Due to the flexibility of the technique, it can be used in many domains such as linguistics, more particularly in Neurolinguistics.


The objective of the report is to analyze the impacts on water-served economic markets and water transportation of the imposition of user charges designed to recover Federal outlays for the operation, maintenance, and repair of the U.S. waterways and ports (OM&R). The report describes the development of a preliminary impact model based on an analysis of waterway network operations and a stage-of-processing analysis of markets dependent on water carriage. Initial results from the models are based on the assumption that 100 percent of the operations and maintenance costs of waterways and ports will be recovered. The models calculate the differential impacts between segment-specific and uniform-fuel tax-collection options for a variety of commodity groups and markets, using 1972 waterway traffic data.


This article summarizes the development trend and background, reform progress and management status quo of the state-owned enterprises of our country in 2000 year,generalizes the tasks to be fulfilled during the state 10th "Five-Year Plan" period, and previews the developing future of the state-owned enterprises of our country.


The fish and fish ribs as the main source of nitrogen startermaking is a complex process.It has low enzyme activity and not suitable for brewed into soy sauce.This study based on the traditional soybean meal starter-making,added tilapia fish ribs partly replace soybean meal nitrogen source,mixed nitrogen source starter-making.The effect of enzyme production was studied that added fish ribs,as well as the effect on the fermentation products of taste amino nitrogen.The result indicated that effects on the production of neutral protease activity and acid protease activity were not significant when the substitute ratio of soybean by dry basis fish ribs was under1/3.Through optimization,it could achieve superior enzyme activity with the addition of dry basis fish ribs,soybean meal,bran,wheat in the proportion of 2∶4∶3∶1,moisture content being 40%of the raw material,Aspergillus oryzae inoculation amount being 3×106 CFU/100 g and starter-making time being 72 h.Comparing three fermentation processes that fish and bean mixture starter-making,soybean meal starter-making and fish ribs ferment by add bean starter,It was found that the amino acid nitrogen and protein hydrolysis rate was higher in fish ribs and bean mixture starter-making's than the other three ways,and the ammonium salt was lower than fish ribs ferment by adding bean starter,that through low salt solid state fermentation process.The result indicated that fish ribs and bean mixture starter-making fermentation could accelerate the protein hydrolysis rate and increased not only the utilization rate of raw materials but also the quality of fish sauce.


The first heteronuclear copper(II)–lanthanide(III) complexes, CuLn(fsal-2,2)(NO3)3(H2O)n (n = 2 for Ln = Nd and n = 1 for Ln = Eu and Gd), of a symmetric macrocyclic dinucleating Schiff base ligand, H2fsal-2,2, which is a condensation product of two molecules of 2,6-diformyl-4-methylphenol and two molecules of ethylenediamine, were synthesized by the reaction of [N,N′-bis(3-formyl-5-methylsalicylidene)ethylenediaminato]copper(II) and ethylenediamine in the presence of lanthanide(III) ion as a template, where fsal-2,2 denotes the dianion formed by the deprotonation of two phenolic hydroxyl groups in H2fsal-2,2. The absorption spectra suggested that substrates possessing N- and O-donor groups, such as amino alcohols, are specifically bound at the Cu–Ln center through nitrogen-coordination to the copper site and through oxygen-coordination to the lanthanide site. The fluorescence intensity of Eu(III) decreased drastically upon forming the Cu–Eu complex. A cryomagnetic susceptibility measurement indicated a f...


Intra vitam staining with neutral red dye vividly stains live copepods, providing a rapid method of sorting dead copepods from live. Organisms stained and preserved in acidic media retain coloration for several days, allowing large numbers of organisms to be leisurely sorted following bioassays. Cooling the preserved samples increases color retention.


Background: The cuff pressure (CP) of the laryngeal tube airway (LTA) increases during general anesthesia using nitrous oxide. However, there have been few studies on the relationship between CP and postoperative sore throat (POST). This study evaluated the efficacy of the CP on a POST on the recovery time and postoperative day. Methods: Forty patients were divided into two groups, group M (n = 20) and group I (n = 20). In all patients, the CP was set to 65 at the induction of anesthesia. In group M, the CP was maintained at 60-70 during general anesthesia using . However, in group I, the CP was allowed to increase. The CP was measured every 10 minutes during surgery in the two groups. The frequency and intensity (numerical rating scale of 0-100, NRS-101) of the sore throat was measured at recovery room (RR) and on postoperative day 1 (POD1). Results: There was a significant increase in the CP in group I during general anesthesia and the CP was higher in group I than in group M (P


This book has provided many contributions to the concepts of organizational cognition and cognitive machines, but most importantly, we have to acknowledge that this work has put forwards new challenges and new perspectives to our understanding on the participation of cognitive machines in organizations. It introduced analyses on the implications of cognitive machines for organizations and it proposed the concept of Computational Organization Management Networks – whose structure, processes and agents form the base of new organizations. The contents of such contributions are presented in the next sections of this chapter.


This feature focuses on a reagent chosen by a postgradu-ate, highlighting the uses and preparation of the reagent in current research Abstract (A) Node et al. reported a facile and efficient synthesis of allene-l,3-dicarboxylates. The reaction of acetone-l,3-dicarboxylates with DMC and triethylamine was performed in dichloromethane at room temperature using intermediates of vinyl chloride to afford the corresponding allenes in good to excellent yields. 6 (B) Isobe and co-workers developed a new method for the synthesis of guanidines by DMC-induced cyclizations of protected thiourea intermediates derived from the corresponding chiral ethylene-diamines. The simple synthetic approach to 1,3-unsubstituted and 1-substituted 2-iminoimidazolidines was explored for new chiral superbases. 7,8 (C) Isobe et al. demonstrated an alternative cyclization of modified guanidines by using appropriate 2-amino alcohols. The key step of this strategy was the substitution of the hydroxyl group through a chlorine atom catalyzed by DMC. The successful preparation of cyclic guanidines resulted in uncovering further utility of DMC in organic synthesis. 9


Channel catfish peripheral blood leucocytes were separated on a Percoll gradient to establish the phagocytic function of the neutrophils. Four fractions of leucocytes were formed on the Percoll gradient, including a fraction that contained 50–80% neutrophils at a density of 1.08–1.09 g ml−1 and a fraction that contained 10% monocytes at a density of 1.071–1.074 g ml−1. Phagocytic assays, using 3H-uridine, showed that the two fractions had similar phagocytic indices, although neutrophils were less phagocytic than monocytes. Neutrophils were confirmed to be phagocytic when examined with transmission electron microscopy. Staining with 3,3-diaminobenzidine-tetrahydrochloride demonstrated peroxidase-positive granules in the cytoplasm of actively phagocytic cells as well as peroxidase reaction products in a number of phagosomes containing bacteria. Phagocytosis of bacteria by channel catfish neutrophils was further confirmed by differential staining of external bacteria and cell surfaces with ruthenium red during the fixation process.


In preparation for the next World Radiocommunication Conference (WRC) in 2007, ITU is developing a methodology to calculate the spectrum requirements of further developments of IMT-2000 and systems beyond IMT-2000. This paper presents a spectrum requirement calculation methodology that has been developed in the IST-WINNER project and that was contributed to the ITU process. ITU has accepted this methodology to form the new recommendation to a large extent.


We hypothesize that diet or energy restriction may alter prostate tumor architecture and nuclear morphometry in a manner predictive of indolent biology.


INSERM U1148, Paris, France, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey, Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Aile Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey, Unit of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute and Unit of Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden, AP-HP CHU X. Bichat, Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, UMR-S1148, Paris, France, and University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, UMR-S1148, Paris, France


Experiment was conducted on mango at ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Dehradun during 1995-2020. Mango cultivar 'Mallika' was the most vigorous and attained maximum plant height (6.80 m), canopy volume (220.25 m3) produced highest fruit yield (90.81 kg tree-1), litter production (5.35 tha-1), fine root production (847.21 g m-2 yr-1) and conserved 10.90 cm moisture in the soil profile upto 1.20 m depth. Whereas the lowest plant height (4.50 m), canopy volume (147.73 m3) in Amrapali cultivar, soil moisture conservation and lowest fruit yield (50.31 kg tree-1) in Ramkela were recorded in 25 years of orchard life and 20 Year of fruiting life of mango. The maximum fruit qualities like fruit weight (g), pulp content (%), totals soluble solids (0Brix), total sugar (%), reducing sugar (%), non-reducing sugar, β carotene (%) in Mallika cultivar whereas maximum acidity (%) and Vit.-C in Ramkela cultivar of mango were observed during 1995-2020 on degraded lands.  The biomass productivity comprising stem, branches and roots was the highest in Mallika (82.37 Mg ha-1), carbon stock (40.02 Mg C ha-1) with carbon sequestration rate (1.60 Mg C ha-1yr-1) followed by Bombay green (1.50 Mg C ha-1yr-1)  and Langra (1.48 Mg C ha-1yr-1). Net present value of mango cultivars ranged from 32,068 USD in Mallika to 20,514 USD in Bombay Green cultivars of mango. The benefit cost ratio ranged from 3.26 (Mallika) to 2.0 (Bombay Green), thereby presenting adequate choice to the cultivators / growers to select the appropriate cultivars for specialization. The Mallika cultivar of mango outperformed considering demand of pulp/juice industries and Ramkela cultivar well qualified for pickle industries under degraded lands.


The present aim was to study a new technique for human--computer interaction. It combined the use of two modalities, voluntary gaze direction and voluntary facial muscle activation for object pointing and selection. Fourteen subjects performed a series of pointing tasks with the new technique and with a mouse. At short distances the mouse was significantly faster than the new technique. However, there were no statistically significant differences at medium and long distances between the techniques. Fitts' law analyses were performed both by using only error-free trials and using also data including error trials (i.e., effective target width). In all cases both techniques seemed to follow Fitts' law, although for the new technique the effective target width correlation coefficient was smaller R = 0.776 than for the mouse R = 0.991. The regression slopes suggested that at very long distances (i.e., beyond 800 pixels) the new technique might be faster than the mouse. The new technique showed promising results already after a short practice and in the future it could be useful especially for physically challenged persons.


The "Defense of Medicine" prefaces the Codex Bambergensis Medicinalis 1, a Carolingian collection of medical texts. Some scholars have dismissed the Defense as an incoherent patchwork of quotations. Yet, missing from the literature is an adequate assessment of the Defense's arguments. This present study includes the first English translation accompanied by a complete source commentary, a prerequisite for valid content analysis. When read systematically and with attention to the author's use of sources, the Defense is limpid and cogent. Its first purpose is to defend the compatibility of Christian faith and secular medicine. Key propositions include the following: God made nature good, so the natural sciences are reconcilable with divine learning; scripture respects medicine; God expects the sick to avail of physicians and deserves honor for healings done through physicians. Counter-arguments used by the Defense's opponents, who rejected medicine on principle, can also be reconstructed from the text. Two further purposes of the Defense have hitherto been explored insufficiently. After justifying medicine, the Defense addresses sick patients. It encourages them that illness can be spiritually healthful, an instrument for curing their souls. The Defense then addresses caregivers. It tells them why they should succor the sick, even the poor: not for gain or fame, but in imitation of Christ and as if treating Christ himself, whose image the sick bear. The Defense thus contributes to the history of ideas on medicine, health, sickness, and the ethics of altruistic care.


This article explores two theatre events that are considered here as examples of diegetic theatre. The two events, Iris Brunette (2009) by Melanie Wilson and Whisper (2008) by Proto-type Theater have been selected as they both use narration as a strategy to create an "immersive" theatre experience, specifically second person narrative. They are positioned here as examples of diegetic as opposed to mimetic theatre. The "immersive" experience is achieved by offering the spectator a position of participant observer, a position whereby the spectator is positioned physically inside the fictional matrix as an active participant as well as critically outside the theatrical event as an active observer. This immersive "place" might have the potential to create a sense of interplay and connectedness between spectators and performers that resonates experientially for the spectator, but also has the effect of opening up a critical space where the spectator can evaluate the fictional world and "characters" encountered. The article will initially draw on ideas derived from Kristeva, as well as Lehmann and Pavis, to contextualise the theatre events whilst also engaging with ideas drawn from narratology.


ABSTRACT A 14-year-old boy with bronchiectasis secondary to chronic aspiration developed multiresistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa lower respiratory disease following several inpatient periods where accommodation and physiotherapy services were shared with cystic fibrosis (CF) patients known to be infected with the genetically identical strain of P. aeruginosa. Cross-infection with P. aeruginosa between CF patients and non-CF patients has not previously been described, and this finding raises significant issues relevant to the treatment of patients with non-CF suppurative lung disease.


The container, designed to ensure retention in the gas phase comprises, in a casing (1), an inner container (2) for receiving the products (9) to be stored, and an intermediate receptacle (3) surrounding the central receptacle (2 ) and defining, with the latter, a first closed volume (4) forming a tank of liquid nitrogen (8) around the central receptacle (2) and, with the outer casing (1), a second closed volume (5) provided with a super vacuum insulation (50) .Uses conservation in the gas phase of organic products.


There is a consensus in the literature on entrepreneurship on the crucial role of environmental conditions in the identification, development, and quality of entrepreneurial initiatives. Given the relevance of entrepreneurship and the lack of evidence, academic debates request more evidence regarding the main determinants of entrepreneurial activities in emerging economies. Inspired by these academic debates, the objective of this chapter is to provide a better understanding of the role of entrepreneurship in Mexico. Our preliminary results allow us to identify applied research trends to study the entrepreneurial spirit in Mexico, as well as elements to discuss the myths, realities, and challenges faced by Mexican entrepreneurs during the last government administration. Our chapter contributes with implications for entrepreneurs, researchers, and decision-makers.


Until recently, Helmuth Plessner's work has hardly played any substantial role in the philosophy of technology. The only two exceptions are the work of two Dutch philosophers of technology, Petran Kockelkoren (2003) and Jos de Mul (2003), who investigated Plessner's concept of mediation and eccentricity, respectively, with regards to technology. While Kockelkoren founded the contemporary approach of technological mediation in Plessner's anthropology, De Mul expanded Plessner's concept of eccentricity into 'poly-eccentricity,' in order to do justice to the new ways of being-in-theworld made possible by information technologies. In this chapter, I will take this discussion a step further. First, I will sketch the account of human-technology relations in the history of philosophical anthropology. This will provide a context for taking up some of Plessner's ideas in philosophy of technology. Second, I will discuss how Plessner's framework sheds a new light on technology and the mediating role of technologies in human existence. Finally, I will investigate if and how Plessner's theory can help to analyse contemporary technological developments that are often understood in terms of 'human enhancement' or even 'posthumanism.' Do we need to expand his theory in order to make sense of the newest technologies, or does his original work still apply on its own? Can Plessner's anthropology help us conceptualize how technology takes us beyond the human? Or does his work rather urge us to see 'posthumanism' as a necessary ingredient of being human?


As industry moves towards More Electric Aircraft technologies, electrification of non- propulsive loads is becoming more common. Moreover, new designs for electrified propulsive systems have been proposed in the literature, drawing attention from the aviation sector. Amidst the proposed topologies, turboelectric architectures present a set of benefits, becoming attractive for more electric powertrains. Given this context, this current paper presents Modelica as the means for developing models to assess the dynamic performance for the different possible turboelectric architectures that can be adopted by industry in the next few years. Individual components have their mathematical models presented along with their respective Modelica implementation. Two different possible architectures are assembled using the Modelica models and their dynamic performances over a 400-second sample flight mission are assessed. The dynamic simulations provide insights for choosing system's parameters, controllers' design, and system sizing. As industry moves towards More Electric Aircraft technologies, electrification of non-propulsive loads is becoming more common. Moreover, new designs for electrified propulsive systemshave beenproposed inthe literature, drawing attentionfrom theaviation sector. Amidst the proposed topologies, turboelectric architectures present a set of benefits, becoming attractive for more electric powertrains. Given this context, this current paper presents Modelica as the means for developing models to assess the dynamic performance for the different possible turboelectric architectures that can be adopted by industry in the next few years. Individual components have their mathematical models presented along with their respective Modelica implementation. Two different possible architectures are assembled using the Modelica models and their dynamic performances over a 400 -second sample flight mission are assessed. The dynamic simulations provide insights for choosing system's parameters, controllers' design and system sizing.


ABSTRACT As international trade is vital to Thailand's economy, the implementation of trade policy has always been at the center of the country's public administration. Apart from the analysis of the macro-determinants of trade policy formulation, the factors affecting trade policy at a micro level is also equally important. This paper looks at factors influencing individuals' perception of international trade policy. It uses questionnaire data, collected from Bangkok residents in 2017. The binary, logit and probit, models with marginal effects are employed for the estimation. The results indicate the significance of variables representing individuals' knowledge and understanding of international trade policy as well as variables relating to individuals' exposure to the new environment. The government, therefore, should make sure that accurate information is widely disseminated and reaches all stakeholders. People's better understanding of trade policy should allow policy administration to be more efficient, producing maximum benefits for the country and its people.


The relationship between internal control and risk management is still an arguing problem. This paper examines the relationship from the view of the development of risk management theory and the evolution of internal control represented by the United States. It believes that internal control is integrated with risk management from the beginning to its perfection. However, the form of the integration varies along with social economic environment.


Source of material: A mixture of 353 mg (1.56 mmol) 3,6-diphenyl-3,6-dihydro-l,2-dioxine (see refs. 1 and 2) was allowed to react with 705 mg ( 1.72 mmol) of benzyl 2-(triphenyl-X5-phosphanylidene)acetate (see ref. 3) in anhydrous benzene (10 ml) under a nitrogen gas atmosphere at ambient temperature for three days. Removal of the volatUes and silica gel chromatography afforded the cyclopropyl ester which was hydrolysed with excess base. Removal of the volatiles and extraction with dichloromethane (4 X 50 ml) afforded the title compound (see ref. 4). Recrystallisation from an ether solution of the compound; mp 429 К 4 3 1 К. The compound crystallises as a single diastereoisomer in a racemic crystal: about the cyclopropyl ring, the H(4) atom is in trans position with respect to the H(3) and H(5) atoms. Molecules associate as centrosymmetric dimers such that 0(la)-H -0(l) ' is 1.76(6) Â, 0(la) 0( l ) ' is 2.669(4) Â and the 0 ( 1 а Ь Н 0 ( 1 ) ' angle is 177(2)°.


A contaminated site downstream a landfill in Brazil was investigated using a 3-D resistivity imaging technique. The purpose of this investigation was to detect and delineate the contamination plume produced by the wastes and to obtain detailed information about the affected area. The data set consisted of a series of parallel electrical profile data acquired with the dipole-dipole array, and was inverted as a complete 3-D survey. This acquisition technique is less troublesome than a complete 3-D survey, and despite of yielding a poorer resistivity model, the resulting model still provide the major resistivity contrasts and enables a tridimensional picture of the main features. In this work we present depth slices and individual 2-D profiles, from the models obtained by the 2-D and 3-D least-squares smoothness constrained inversion technique. The results suggest the presence of a contamination plume and their preferential path, which is in good agreement with chemical analysis and underground water flow data. The 3-D technique reveals to be efficient in waste disposal sites investigations, and should be taken into account when choosing the investigation technique to be used in complex and contaminated sites.


Tuberculosis (TB) recurrence can result from either relapse of an original infection or exogenous reinfection with a new strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). The aim of this study was to assess the roles of relapse and reinfection among recurrent TB cases characterized by a high prevalence rate of drug-resistant TB within a hospital setting. After 58 paired recurrent TB cases were genotyped to distinguish relapse from reinfection, 37 (63.8%) were demonstrated to be relapse cases, while the remaining 21 were classified as reinfection cases. Statistical analysis revealed that male gender was a risk factor for TB reinfection, odds ratios and 95% confidence interval (OR [95% CI]: 4.188[1.012–17.392], P = 0.049). Of MTB isolates obtained from the 37 relapse cases, 11 exhibited conversion from susceptible to resistance to at least one antibiotic, with the most frequent emergence of drug resistance observed to be levofloxacin. For reinfection cases, reemergence of rifampicin-resistant isolates harboring double gene mutations, of codon 531 of rpoB and codon 306 of embB, were observed. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that relapse is a major mechanism leading to TB recurrence in Beijing Chest Hospital, a national hospital specialized in TB treatment. Moreover, male patients are at higher risk for reinfection. The extremely high rate of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) among reinfection cases reflects more successful transmission of MDR-TB strains versus non-resistant strains overall.


The September 14, 2015 gravitational wave observations showed the inspiral of two black holes observed from Hanford and Livingston LIGO observatories. This detection was significant for two reasons: firstly, it coupled the result and avoided the possibility of a false alarm by 5 σ , meaning that the detected " noise " was indeed from an astronomical source of gravitational waves. We will discuss the primary landscape of gravitational waves, their mathematical structure and how they can be used to predict the masses of the merger system. We will also discuss gravitational wave detector optimisations, and then we will consider the results from the detected merger GW150914. We will consider a straight-forward mathematical approach, and we will primarily be interested in the mathematical modelling of gravitational waves from General Relativity (Section 1). We will first consider a " perturbed " Minkowski metric, and then we will discuss the properties of the perturbation addition tensor. We will then discuss on the gravitational field tensor, and how it arises from the perturbation tensor. We will then talk about the gauge condition, essentially the gauge " freedom " , and then we will talk about the curvature tensor, leading eventually to the effect of gravitational waves on a ring of particles. We will consider the polarisation tensor , which maps the amplitude and polarisation details. The polarisation splits into plus polarised and cross polarised waves , which is technically the effect of a propagating gravitational wave through a ring of particles. We will then talk about the linearized Einstein Field Equations, and how the physical system of merger is encoded into the mathematical structural unity of the metric. We will then we