As the COVID-19 pandemic continued to fade, first glimpses of "post-pandemic normal" began to emerge in the late 2021 and early 2022. This new hope came with a positive new momentum – an opportunity to transform and reinvent. Yet given a high degree of uncertainty extending well into 2022, the American College of Academic International Medicine made a strategic decision in the late 2021 to move forward with Virtual 7th Annual Congress and Scientific Forum (AIM 2022). The theme of this year's meeting was "Building a Stronger Future" and reflected the early post-pandemic optimism. Primary organization of the meeting was facilitated by the Sarasota Memorial Health Care System, Sarasota, Florida, with substantial contributions provided by Northwell Health, Long Island, New York. The Scientific Forum once again took place virtually, enabling participants from around the globe to present their research. A summary of these efforts and outcomes is provided in this article. The following core competencies are addressed in this article: Interpersonal and communication skills, Professionalism, Practice-based learning and improvement, Systems based practice.


Winter wheat (Triticum sativum L. cv. Nisu) was grown in sand which contained 0, 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 mg S-ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate (EPTC) per kg air dry sand. The galactolipids of leaves of 21-day-old seedlings were isolated by preparative thin layer chromatography. The fatty acids of the mono- and digalactosyl diglycerides were analysed by gas liquid capillary chromatography. The major fatty acids of the wheat leaf galactolipids were palmitic, palmitoleic, stearic, oleic, vaccenic, linoleic and linolenic acids (in the monogalactosyl diglyceride fraction of untreated plants 22.5, 2.4, 3.1, 5.2, 2.5, 51.1 and 1526.6 μg and in the digalactosyl diglyceride fraction 108.8, 2.3, 10.4, 9.9, 8.2, 42.3 and 1120.7 μg/g leaf fresh weight, respectively). Total fatty acid content of the mono- and digalactosyl diglyceride fractions was decreased by 85 and 87%, respectively, at 1 mg EPTC/kg sand, while decrease in the fresh weight of the leaves was 79%. The content of linoleic and linolenic acids/g fresh weight of the leaves was decreased in the monogalactosyl diglyceride fraction by 27 and 43%, respectively, while the content of all other fatty acids was increased. In the digalactosyl diglyceride fraction the content of both linoleic and linolenic acids/g leaf fresh weight was decreased by 55%. The content of palmitic and vaccenic acids was also decreased, whereas the content of other fatty acids remained at the level of the untreated samples. The general quality of the fatty acids in the mono- and digalactosyl diglyceride fractions was altered slightly by EPTC.


Photograph of Marcia Breaz performing with the band, Hickory, at the Texas Folklife Festival in San Antonio, Texas. Marcia wears an orange shirt and a gold necklace as she performs.


The field of metabolic modelling at the genomescale continues to grow with more models being created and curated. This comes with an increasing demand for adopting common principles regarding transparency and versioning, in addition to standardisation efforts regarding file formats, annotation and testing. Here, we present a standardised template for git-based and GitHub-hosted genome-scale metabolic models (GEMs) supporting both new models and curated ones, following FAIR principles (findability, accessibility, interoperability, and reusability), and incorporating bestpractices. standard-GEM facilitates the reuse of GEMs across web services and platforms in the metabolic modelling field and enables automatic validation of GEMs. The use of this template for new models, and its adoption for existing ones, paves the way for increasing model quality, openness, and accessibility with minimal effort. Availability standard-GEM is available from github.com/MetabolicAtlas/standard-GEM under the conditions of the CC BY 4.0 licence along with additional supporting material.


It is shown that unital C∗-algebras with finite decomposition rank have the Corona Factorization Property. We study C∗-algebras whose Cuntz semigroup has a certain comparability property, called (weak) ω-comparison; and we show that such C∗-algebras always have the Corona Factorization Property. Along the way we characterize when such C∗-algebras are stable.


To understand recent societal behavior, it is important to compare how multiple media react to real world events and how each medium reacts to other media. This paper proposes a framework for inter-media comparison through visualizing images extracted from different types of media. We extract blog image clusters from our six-year blog archive and search for similar TV shots in each cluster from a broadcast news video archive by using image similarities. We then visualize such flows of images on a timeline to explore visually changes in activities and interests of people and differences and/or similarities between media such as image clusters that become hot topics on only blogs or that become popular on blogs earlier than on TV.


Johnny is brighter than Billy. He seems to learn more easily, he does better in school, and he scores higher on tests of ability and school achievement. A natural response to such an everyday observation is to ask, "What treatment has Johnny hadthat Billy has missed? Perhaps if we give Billy these advantages his behavior will become more like Johnny's." This same comparison is frequently made between students in different school systems, differentracial or ethnic groups, different states and different countries; with the same natural desire to reduce the differences by giving to the poorer the advantages of the superior. The differences between some of these groups are fairly large—for example, 3.7 per cent of high school juniors in Connecticut score high enough on a test of educational de-


Commutative sets of Jucys–Murphy elements for affine braid groups of A ( 1 ) , B ( 1 ) , C ( 1 ) , D ( 1 ) types were defined. Construction of R-matrix representations of the affine braid group of type C ( 1 ) and its distinguished commutative subgroup generated by the C ( 1 ) -type Jucys–Murphy elements are given. We describe a general method to produce flat connections for the two-boundary quantum Knizhnik–Zamolodchikov equations as necessary conditions for Sklyanin's type transfer matrix associated with the two-boundary multicomponent Zamolodchikov algebra to be invariant under the action of the C ( 1 ) -type Jucys–Murphy elements. We specify our general construction to the case of the Birman–Murakami–Wenzl algebras (BMW algebras for short). As an application we suggest a baxterization of the Dunkl–Cherednik elements Y ′ s in the double affine Hecke algebra of type A.


The European Union's climate policy is considered quite ambitious. This has led to a growing interest among political scientists investigating the European Parliament's ability to negotiate such ambitious climate legislation. These studies generally focus on the voting behaviour of members of the European Parliament, which allows us to know more about their positions when it comes to accepting or rejecting legislative acts. However, we know surprisingly little about how they debate and justify their positions in Parliament. In these debates, members of the European Parliament not only identify the problem (i.e., climate change and its adverse effects) but also discuss potential solutions (i.e., their willingness or ambition to fight and adapt to climate change). In addition, plenary debates are ideal for making representative claims based on citizens' interests on climate action. Therefore, this article aims to understand how climate policy ambitions are debated in the European Parliament and whose interests are represented. We propose a new manual coding scheme for climate policy ambitions in parliamentary debate and employ it in climate policy debates in the ninth European Parliament (2019–present). In doing so, this article makes a methodological contribution to operationalising climate policy ambition from a parliamentary representation and legitimation perspective. We find debating patterns that connect quite detailed ambitions with clear representative claims and justifications. There is more agreement on what to do than how to get there, with divides emerging based on party, ideological, and member-state characteristics.


Pastoralism is among the major land use practices in the Himalaya and the main source of livelihood for local communities.  In naturally occurring herbivore populations, the co-occurrence of native species has evolved through evolutionary processes over millions of years which has enabled coexistence.  In the modern scenario, however, the intrusion of livestock into the wild habitats impose additional pressure on the limited resources, given that there has been insufficient time for resource partitioning to evolve.  Realizing the need to develop a better understanding of wild herbivores and livestock interactions, the present review was compiled.  The review demonstrates that a group of similar species using similar habitats and feeding on similar foods leads to more competition.  Also, goat/sheep impose a potential threat to the resource of wild herbivores and such resource exploitation by livestock is not compatible with their conservation.  Further, wild herbivores shift their habitat to avoid the risk of being exposed to competition or predation.  Livestock grazing and associated activities affect the wild herbivores' habitat use and foraging behaviour, and these are changes that may also affect their survival in the future.  There is a prime need to find out the threshold of livestock population which can sustain itself without compromising livestock production and wildlife.  High conflict areas need to be identified and compensatory mechanisms should evolve. It is also necessary for ecology to be integrated with an understanding of the social dynamics that influence the status of the resources.


Online rating system serves as an indispensable building block for many web applications such as Amazon, TripAdvior and Yelp. It enables production quality estimation via aggregate ratings (a.k.a. wisdom of the crowd) as well as product recommendation via inferring user preference from ratings, etc. Previous studies showed that due to assimilate-contrast effects, historical ratings can significantly distort user's ratings, leading to low accuracy of product quality estimation and recommendation. To understand assimilate-contrast effects, an "accurate'' model is still missing as previous models do not capture important factors like rating recency, selection bias, etc. Furthermore, an analytical framework to characterize product estimation accuracy under assimilate-contrast effects is also missing. This paper aims to fill in this gap. We propose a mathematical model to quantify the aforementioned important factors on assimilate-contrast effects. Our model attains a good balance between model complexity and model accuracy, such that it is neat enough for us to develop an analytical framework to study assimilate-contrast effects. Based on our model, we derive sufficient conditions, under which the product estimation and collective opinion converges to the "ground-truth''. These conditions reveal important insights on how the aforementioned factors influence the convergence and guide the online rating system operator to design appropriate rating aggregation rules and rating displaying strategies. To demonstrate the versatility of our model, we apply to rating prediction tasks and product recommendation tasks. Experiment results on four public datasets show that our model can improve the rating prediction and and recommendation accuracy over previous models significantly.


This paper applies the theory of Association Rule Mining to the students′ score,discusses the relativity of courses,concludes some reasonable,dependable association rules between courses.Putting forward a constrained rules aiming at a great deal of rules,getting rid of uninterested association rules,thus providing selective courses for students in the credit system.


Toduplicate humanmotion onthecomputer while retaining theindividuality ofthesource, this paperdiscusses whattheviewers focus onwhenthey attempt todistinguish the identity ofthesource. Inorder todefine thedegree ofsimilarity onmotion, thedataobtained bymotion capture system are categorized using Self-Organizing maps,andthevalidity ofthe categorization isinvestigated toconfirm theextent towhichit isinagreement withtheviewer's intuitive judgment. Human walking patterns aremeasured andshownasanimations of askeleton modeltopermit distinction testing. Thedegree of similarity between walking patterns iscalculated according to theresults ofthetests. Themotion dataareprocessed using Self-Organizing maps,andthedegree ofsimilarity fromthe aspect ofdataprocessing isalsocalculated asthedistance between walking patterns inthemap.Thesetwomeasures of similarity arecompared, anditisfoundthatthedegree of similarity between thehumanviewpoint andthedataprocessing viewpoint indicates ahighlevel ofcorrelation. I.INTRODUCTION Ourgoalistoprocess motion datathat retains theindi- viduality oftheoriginal humansource, recreate itonthe computer, andapply toa robot's motion while ensuring kinetic consistency. Asthefirst step toward toourgoal, the individuality ofmotion isdiscussed bydefining thedegree ofsimilarity bySelf-Organizing maps(SOM). Thecongruity between thesimilarity based onSOM andthatbased on humanassessment isinvestigated todiscover theimportant factors influencing humanrecognition ofthesimilarity of motion. Itisdifficult tosearch formatches amongthevastpool of humanmotion databyusing "similar motion". Thesearch results obtained byapplying signal processing tomotion data donotalways seemreasonable totheuser. This comesfrom thedifference between thedefinitions ofsimilarity fromthe viewpoint ofhumanjudgement andtheviewpoint ofdata processing. Analyses onthesimilarities ofhumanmotion areneeded invarious fields: sports training oreducation, seamless pur- suit ofoneperson bymultiple surveillance cameras, creating animations, andgenerating humanoid motion. Inparticular, theautomatic production ofcomputer graphic characters or humanoid movementisoften based onreal humanmotions collected bymotion capture systems. Themodified motions areconstrained bythecharacter's physique ortherobot's motorperformance, sotheylookdifferent fromtheoriginal humanmotions. Knowledge ofthecriteria usedbyhumans todistinguish oneperson byhisorhermotion isneeded to maximize theperceived similarity ofmotion. Forthese reasons, weconducted distinction tests toinves- tigate thecorrespondence between thedegree ofsimilarity as determined bythesignal processing ofmotion data andthat yielded byhumanjudgement. Twowalking animations were presented tothesubjects whowereinstructed todetermine if thewalking patterns wereperformed bythesameperson or not. Theanimations usedweregenerated fromtheoriginal walking motions ofvarious people obtained bymotion capture. According totheresults ofthedistinction test, weintroduce thetermperceived similarity between walking pattems. Motiondatasuchasjoint positions, velocities, angles, andangular velocities ofthemotiondatawere processed using Self-Organizing maps, inorder toproject the large data sets ofhighdimensionality ontotwo-dimensional discrete space while preserving their topological relations. Thedistances between walking patterns onthemapwere usedincalculating datasimilarity. These twoassessments of similarity werecompared todetermine ifthere wasaparallel between thehumanjudgement andthat ofdata processing.


The present invention was mixed and dispersed low-pressure gas mechanically to the paste material made of a foamed material, and to provide a one-pack type curing paste material to be used in the process that was discharged foaming of the cured product it, in particular very suitable for the practice of the method by using a mechanical foaming apparatus, a compact and provides to obtain a cured product having a uniform closed cell one-pack type curing paste material. One-pack type curing paste material of the present invention with a Brookfield rotary viscometer using the shearing speed and the apparent viscosity [spindle No.7 of the low shear rate region (0.43sec One-pack type curing paste material


There is an ongoing debate if urbanization and larger city sizes should be promoted for increasing economic growth at the expense of rising income inequality. The primary purpose of this study is to determine if the relationship between income inequality and average urban agglomeration size is the same for developed and developing countries. Data for this study were combined from different sources including but not limited to the Standardised World Income Inequality database, and the World Urbanization Prospect. The study then ran panel data regression with fixed effects for 96 developing countries and 35 developed countries from 1955 to 2015 to analyze the relationship between income inequality and average urban agglomeration size. The results show that there is a strong association between average urban agglomeration size and income inequality in developed countries, however, this relationship does not hold for developing countries. This indicates that the development trajectory is different for the two sets of countries and that for developing countries today rising average urban agglomeration size does not go hand-in-hand with rising income inequality. The results, give an important insight into how the relationship between income inequality and average urban agglomeration size could affect policy regarding both urbanization and income inequality in different countries in the future.


Objective The clinical features and treatment of open brain injury were discussed.Methods The clinical data of 37 patients with open brain injury were analyzed retrospectively.Results After following up for 6 months to 4 years,the results were evaluated according to GOS: 25 cases were in good condition,3 cases had a mild disability,4 cases had a severe deficit,2 cases were in a vegetative state,and 3 cases died.Conclusion Open brain injure usually needs operation as treatment.A proper,on-time treatment is closely-related to the prognosis of the patients.


On the basis of a digital elevation model (DEM) based on generalized data from USGS STRM DEM and ASTER GDEM with a resolution of 3″ with the help of GIS technologies, a morphometric analysis of the territory of the perm Territory at a scale of 1:2.5 million was carried out and a series of morphometric maps was created, as well as an assessment map of the erosion hazard of the relief. According to the results of morphometric analysis, the values of the index of vertical dissection of the relief in the region vary within the range of 0–623 m with an average value of 44 m. The steepness of slopes varies from 0 to 40° with average values of 3°. The horizontal dissection, determined on the basis of the thalweg network of permanent and temporary streams, varies in the range of 0.145–1.202 km/km2. Comparison of morphometric indicators in key areas with the data obtained by traditional methods of morphometric analysis revealed their coincidence at the level of gradations. The following geomorphological factions curtains: wide development of slope surfaces with elevation differences over 50 m and slopes exceeding 3°. According to the results of cartometric analysis, such conditions characterize 35 % of the region's area. More than half of the region's area (60 %) has an average density of erosional dissection of 0.5–0.8 km/km2, another 36 % of the area is characterized by moderate values of 0.2–0.5 km/km2.

The calculated relief energy index has a value of 3–13 points; on its basis, 4 categories of relief erosion hazard were identified. In accordance with the results obtained, most of the perm Territory (63.0 %) is characterized by a low erosion hazardous relief, 36.6 % by a medium and highly erosion hazardous. The share of land, the relief of which is characterized by zero erosion potential, is 0.4 % of the region's area.


This paper proposes a notion of viscosity weak supersolutions to build a bridge between stochastic Lyapunov stability theory and viscosity solution theory. Different from ordinary differential equations, stochastic differential equations can have the origins being stable despite having no smooth stochastic Lyapunov functions (SLFs). The feature naturally requires that the related Lyapunov equations are illustrated via viscosity solution theory, which deals with non-smooth solutions to partial differential equations. This paper claims that stochastic Lyapunov stability theory needs a weak extension of viscosity supersolutions, and the proposed viscosity weak supersolutions describe non-smooth SLFs ensuring a large class of the origins being noisily (asymptotically) stable and (asymptotically) stable in probability. The contribution of the non-smooth SLFs are confirmed by a few examples; especially, they ensure that all the linear-quadratic-Gaussian (LQG) controlled systems have the origins being noisily asymptotically stable for any additive noises.


The present study was conducted to investigate efficacy of three different types of feeds formulated with low cost oil seed meal based proteins for growth of Labeo rohita and Gibelion catla cultured in semi-intensive system for 92 days. Formulated feeds incorporated soybean meal, guar meal and canola meal as major protein source with rice polish as control feed. Highest weight gain for L. rohita and G. catla was achieved with soybean meal based feed (121.8 g ± 4.02 g and 66.5 g ± 4.57 g) followed by canola meal based feed (107.5 g ± 17.1 g and 47.3 g ± 8.59 g), guar meal based feed (49.4 g ± 10.3 g and 19.6 g ± 8.55 g) and rice polish (31.8 g ± 1.40 g and 14.1 g ± 3.06 g), respectively. Growth performance of L. rohita was higher than G. catla in all treatments. During the experimental period, net production (kg/ tank) was 1.59 kg ± 0.07 kg, 6.02 kg ± 0.20 kg, 2.48 kg ± 0.52 kg and 5.37 kg ± 0.85 kg for L. rohita and 0.71 kg ± 0.15 kg, 3.32 kg ± 0.23 kg, 0.98 kg ± 0.43 kg and 2.37 kg ± 0.43 kg for G. catla achieved with rice polish, soybean meal, guarl meal and canola meal based feeds respectively. Results showed that soybean meal and canola meal based formulated diets can lead to higher fish growth and total fish production than other oilseed meals used in present investigation.


Objective: In the current study, the Quality by Design method was utilized for the formulation of solid lipid nanoparticles of Methotrexate (MTX SLNs).
Methods: MTX SLNs formulated by melt emulsification method were studied for the effect of independent variables viz. concentration of lipid and surfactants on quality attributes viz. particle size, polydispersity index, and entrapment efficiency of SLNs using 32 factorial design.
Results: The optimal formulation was spherical, had a particle size of 147.6±4.1 nm (z-average), a polydispersity index of 0.296±0.058, a zeta potential of −19±0.98 mV, encapsulation efficiency of 98.7±1.55%, and a cumulative drug release of 95.59±0.918% in 5 h.
Conclusion: The  in vitro and in vivo studies revealed that SLNs provide a promising oral delivery system to improve the bioavailability of MTX.


The study aims to assess whether, and how, provision of information about air quality along inner-city roads influences individuals' intentions to walk further away from traffic-dense roads. In an experiment, German residents (n = 597) were either exposed to a map that showed, or a map that did not show, air pollution levels along two routes. The routes had the same starting and end points but differed with respect to expected traffic density. Furthermore, the availability of green space (i.e., a park environment) and two air pollution information provision elements—traffic light color-coding and explanations about the relationship between air pollution and health—were experimentally manipulated. Both the availability of green space and the provision of air quality information along the two routes increased the intentions to walk along the low (vs. high) traffic density road. Spatial psychological distance mediated the effect of the availability of green space on intentions to walk along the low traffic density road. The mediation effect disappeared when traffic lights were used for informing individuals about air pollution levels. Public policy makers can therefore be recommended to increase availability of green space and raise awareness of air quality conditions along roads via intuitively interpretable schemes.


Especially ill-treatment in the commission of a crime is always a wide public resonance and negative attitude to persons who have committed them. Such crimes pose increased danger to the public, as they appear extremely negative features of the offender - the inhumanity, brutality and the like. Therefore, the study of especially ill-treatment is essential to determine the criminal liability grounds for determining it as qualifying sign, for correct qualification. In this regard, the article raises the question of the influence of subjective signs on qualification of an act committed with special ill-treatment. The authors note that the problem of subjective side of crime and, in particular, studied actus reus is one of the least studied. This makes it very urgent, especially in the period of development of new legislation in the fight against crimes encroaching on human life and health. Many unresolved aspects of the problem require consideration of some of the general issues of the problem, without which further research can be difficult. Without claiming on their final decision and having work constraints, the authors propose to focus on the study of only those which are directly connected with the conclusions of the study on the subject. Further the authors reveal how the subjective aspect of the crime and, in particular, provided by p. 4 Part 2 of Art. 115, Part 2 of Art. 121, Art. 127, Art. 434 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, is defined in the legal literature, list the views of other authors on this issue and analyze them. Next, the authors proceed to the consideration of the subjective side of the offense under p. 4 Part 2 of Art. 115 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. First of all, appealed in this issue to the art. 115 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, showing that exist certain provisions concerning the form of guilt and other evidence of the subjective side of crime. It characterizes the form of intent, as a sign of the subjective side of the offense, the motive and purpose. In light of the above, the authors note that the scope of the intent including of all the objective evidence of particularly violent behavior and purpose of committing a crime is required for qualification for the acts under investigated way of committing a crime, as well as for the application of such circumstances by court and law enforcement. Keywords: crime, especially violent behavior, subjective symptoms, qualification actions.


This paper considers the problem of finding low cost chip set for a minimum cost partitioning of a large logic circuits. Chip sets are selected from a given library. Each chip in the library has a different price, area, and I/O pin. We propose a low cost chip set selection algorithm. Inputs to the algorithm are a netlist and a chip information in the library. Output is a list of chip sets satisfied with area and maximum partitioning number and it is sorted by cost. The algorithm finds the sorted list of chip sets from minimum cost to maximum cost. We used MCNC benchmark circuits for experiments. The experimental results show that all of chip sets found satisfy the multiple partitioning constraints. Keywords—lowest cost chip set, MCNC benchmark, multi-way partitioning.


This chapter addresses the current status of Web accessibility and usability in higher education. As post secondary institutions strive to expand their online services and still maintain inclusive classrooms, attention must be given to the design of Web resources. Over 20 percent of Internet users have disabilities including vision, hearing, motor, and cognitive impairments that affect their use of the Internet. In addition, many users have inefficient operating systems and/or slow connections. The World Wide Web Consortium's Accessibility Initiative guidelines for accessibility are reviewed for the following areas: (1) page organization, (2) images, (3) image maps, (4) graphs and charts, (5) tables, (6) multi-media components, (7) scripts, applets, and plug-ins, (8) frames, (9) use of color, and (10) default font settings. Examples and strategies are presented for creating dynamic Web pages that are accessible and usable without jeopardizing the goals and creativity of the designer. Developing accessible Web resources will benefit all users, as well as comply with federal accessibility regulations for electronic and information technology.


Korea's industrial park has been a cornerstone of achieving economic growth. But economic growth has not harmonious in the process of environmental pollution and eco-friendly blend of economic growth. However, recently the demand for environmentally-friendly growth is increasing. Eco-industrial park projects in the process sectors building materials and energy, and resource recycling network in the industrial park and by-processing sector to improve the environment and ecological development of spatial planning and environmental economics through the industrial estate is increasing. Gumi National Industrial Complex of a large industrial park distribution occurred to the aging of industrial complexes and businesses a wide range of environmental pollution. As a result, weakening the competitiveness of industrial parks and community conflict with emerging problems such as environmental sustainability and economic harmony is essential to lay the foundation for industrial parks. Eco-industrial parks is required practical application by the developed a system with communication of information through the corporate network, recycling of resources, best practices, institutional. The purpose of this study is presented strategy that corporate by-product recycling, network construction, resource recycling business, looking to build industrial parks for the eco-industrial parks and eco-industrial park to build research-based conditions, business strategies by analyzing the Gumi National Industrial just around the local networking between businesses, resource recycling and environmental pollution reduction and efficient use of space through Gumi National Industrial complex in making eco-industrial park.


Purpose: Evaluation of plasma d-dimer level as a predictive marker of advanced carcinoma breast.
Backround: The relationship between malignancy and thrombosis is known for over 100 years. Thrombocytosis,
an increase in fibrinogen and fibrin degradation products like D-dimer, a rise in factors V,VII,VIII , IX, and XI levels,
and a decrease in antithrombin III , are seen in cancer patients. Extracellular remodeling of fibrin is essential for
angiogenesis in tumors, and activation of intravascular fibrin formation and degradation has been shown to occur in
the plasma of breast cancer patients.
Material and methods: This study was conducted in the Department of Surgery in I.G.M.C. Shimla & included
90 patients admitted in surgery ward/ presenting in the O.P.D. Patients were randomized into three equal groups
of 30 patients each. Group 1 included patients of Diagnosed breast Carcinoma and Group 2 included patients of
Diagnosed Benign breast diseases and Group 3 included Healthy females. Plasma D- Dimer value of all groups
were compared. Modified radical mastectomy was performed of Group 1 patients. HPE of breast specimen done and
pathological examination report were analysed with Plasma D- Dimer value.
Results: Plasma D-Dimer value was normal i.e. <0.25 mg/l in all Group 2 & Group 3 patients, while in Group 1
it was increased in 90% of the patients.
There was stasticaly significant correlation between Mean values of plasma D- Dimer and advancing stage of
disease, tumour size histological grade and lymphovascular invasion.
Conclusion: Plasma D-Dimer level is elevated in breast carcinoma, especially in those with advanced stage.
Increased D-Dimer level is a important marker of clinical stage, lymhovascular invasion, lymph node involvement
& tumor metastasis. So Preoperative Plasma D-Dimer may prove to be a safe, convenient and easily available
predictive marker of advanced breast carcinoma.


Based on the results of the 5th reinvestigation of consecutive forest resources investigation in Zhejiang Province,the status quo of the forest resources in surrounding areas of Hangzhou Bay are elaborated in this thesis,from which we can learn about the characteristics of the structure of the forest resources correctly and scientifically.Therefore it is significant for us to arrange the forestry production.Moreover,the forest resources will be operated regularly and managed scientifically in certain areas.


The power conversion system based on the modular connection has widespread applications in various power electronic systems. To accurately estimate the state of health without recognizing the systematic mathematical model and to extend the lifetime, this article proposes a lifetime extension approach based on the Levenberg–Marquardt back propagation neural network (LM-BPNN) and power routing of interleaved dc–dc boost conversion systems. The LM-BPNN model is constructed based on the voltage, current, and temperature data generated by the system. On the basis of the trained LM-BPNN, the real-time cumulated damage estimation of each power cell in the conversion system can be accomplished. Applying the power routing concept, the dc–dc boost conversion system allocates different power to the cells according to the cumulated damage of each cell, thereby delaying the failure of cells with higher cumulated damage. Numerical simulation results show that the proposed lifetime extension approach can extend the overall system lifetime. Furthermore, an experimental setup of the interleaved dc–dc boost conversion is constructed to verify the proposed approach, which is of great significance for predictive maintenance in the industrial system.


The historical course of traffic simulation in China and abroad was briefly reviewed firstly,and some major features of the new generation traffic simulation technology since 21st century were summarized then. Afterwards,the simulation model characteristics of some prevailing traffic simulation models were comparably analyzed,and several advanced traffic simulation techniques for ITS applications were expatiated,including traffic simulation API,hardware-in-the-loop traffic simulation,software-in-the-loop traffic simulation,online traffic simulation. Finally,based on the state-of-the-practice of traffic simulation in China,some suggestions were given on fundamental simulation modeling fitting for Chinese traffic characteristics,development modes of traffic simulation system,development methodologies of online traffic simulation,etc.


A sound (or voice) cup having a thermistor temperature sensor is provided to output a sound to the outside according to the temperature of the contents, like cold or hot water, etc., contained therein, and to display the temperature therein by means of a liquid crystal display, etc. so as to achieve the visual and auditory effects. The sound cup having a thermistor temperature sensor comprises: a determined space, built up between lower parts of the outside(1) and inside(3) of the cup body; an NTC thermistor(6), forming a metal film(5) and closely attached to a bottom of the inside(3) of the cup body; a circuit substrate(9), having a voice chip(7) and a battery(8), and connected to the NTC thermistor(6), as well as mounted on a plastic inside holder by means of a bolt, so that a circuit assembly(10) is configured; a speaker(11), transferring a sound output to the outside; a polypropylene sheet film(20), arranged under the speaker(11) and the amplifying the sound of the speaker(11); and a waterproof rubber ring(12), arranged at a lower end of the cup body and connected to the latter with outside and inside holder screws.


This document constitutes my Degree Final Project, which is the development of a research on the theme: Indicators of success of a venture-stage growth in the services sector. This research has two main parts: an academic research (literature sources like books and other academic publications) and field research (through in-depth interviews with entrepreneurs in the service industry).
The main objective of this research is to make a contribution and provide a new tool for future entrepreneurs, in order to this Degree Final Project becomes a guide for planning and managing new ventures in the service sector.


Objective To analyze the differences in the determination of total alkaloids from Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata by Titration and UV, and investigate the suitable determination method.Method Total alkaloids of the same sample were determined by Titration and UV. The results of two methods were compared.The effect of operation was also studied.Result It is obvious that two different methods can seriously influence the determination result. The average recovery of Titration and UV was 97.7% and 75.6% respectively,which showed that the result of Titration was more accurate than that of UV. The presence of water and the length of time for extraction can also affect the result to a certain extent.Conclusion Titration was more appropriate for determination of total alkaloidal from Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata while UV was expected to be improved.


This book is a risky bet. It is difficult to try to make sense from the so complex field that machine learning (ML) is today. It would be even harder if this were to be done in an informal way, avoiding mathematics as far as possible, and in scarcely more than 200 pages. And finally, to make the book amusing and enjoyable seems to me a bet on a losing horse. Even worse when the horse is made from strewn and incomplete pieces: prediction, supervised learning, nearest neighbors, Kepler's Laws, redundancy, clustering, decision-tree learning, encryption, Bletchley Park, similarity, relational learning, philosophy of induction, compression, Occam's Razor and creativity. But things are not so predictable as they look at first glance, and a good rider can come up to us as a bolt from the blue. Chris Thornton has been able to combine these a priori eclectic elements in a coherent, enlightening and easy-to-read canter. The journey runs from a short reference to the disappointment of robotics, which have been unable to endow robots with the ability to learn, to the firm rebuttal of mystical and pseudo-scientific arguments against the possibility of intelligence and creativity in machines. As the title pun suggests, the book focuses on clarifying the reasons and implications of two issues which are not well realized by ML beginners: how difficult learning is, and how ubiquitous it is for constructing our view of the world. And the tool for this clarification is the illustration of the most successful techniques and paradigms from ML. They are usually being preceded by either historical or philosophical background and followed by their applicability and limitations. In this way, the author intertwines some literary passages in form of cunning dialogues, historical anecdotes and even sly games with the reader, and lightened but still substantial technical material. Chapter 1 is apparently bait to draw in the reader. It introduces an imag-


A small amount (3-10 μg) of a toxin isolated from the Japanese ivory shell (Babylonia japonica) was injected into the caudal vesical arteries of the dog bladder in situ. This greatly diminished the bladder contraction in response to pelvic nerve stimulation and antagonized that to 1, 1-dimethyl-4-phenylpiperazinium iodide, a nicotinic ganglionic stimulating agent. The toxin was ineffective on the contractile response to 4-(m-chlorophenylcar bamoyloxy)-2-butynyltrimethylammonium chloride, a muscarinic ganglionic stimulating agent. Thus, the toxin appears to be highly specific in blocking the nicotinic receptors at the parasympathetic ganglia of the dog bladder.


Weak signal detection and localization are basic and important problems in radar systems. Radar performance can be improved by increasing the receiver output signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Localizing the received signal is an important task in the detection of signal in noise. Distorting the localization of the received signal can leads to incorrect target range measurements. In this paper an algorithm is described for extracting and localizing an RF radar pulse from a noisy background. The algorithm combines two powerful tools: the wavelet packet analysis and higher-order-statistics (HOS). The use of the proposed technique makes detection and localization of RF radar pulses possible in very low signal-to-noise ratio conditions, which leads to a reduction of the required microwave power or alternatively extending the detection range of radar systems.


Despite a great diversity of nanomaterials, such as cationic lipid, polymers or inorganic nanoparticles, that have been developed in order to carry nucleic acids across plasma membranes, these methodologies have still insufficient efficacy in cells named hard-to-transfect cells, such as the colorectal HT29 and Caco-2 cell lines. This paper describes the improvement of plasmid DNA (pDNA) and small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfer in these cells through the combination of magnetofection, a simplified extracellular matrix of laminin and endosomal/lysosomal escape promotion using the endosome-disruptive peptide INF-7. Magnetofection of pDNA complexes using selected vector formulations resulted in up to 2-fold enhancement in luciferase expression, as compared to lipofection. Further enhances in pDNA transfer in HT29 cells was obtained when magnetofection was applied on cells grown on laminin coated substrates, increasing 6-fold the luciferase expression compared to lipofection at uncoated substrates. This technique was also applied to siRNA delivery in cells expressing stably luciferase (Caco-2Luc and HT29Luc) and selected magnetic vector formulations resulted in 61 ± 5% and 50 ± 5% of luciferase silencing in HT29Luc and Caco-2Luc, respectively. Further improvement in reporter gene silencing was obtained when the magnetic complexes were modified with INF-7, reaching more than 95% of luciferase silencing in Caco-2Luc cells, while pre-treatment of HT29Luc cells by chloroquine resulted in 80 ± 4% of down regulation of luciferase expression. Thus, magnetofection applied on cells grown over laminin coated substrates and the optimization of endosomal escape of magnetic complexes would be a good alternative to enhance nucleic acid transfer in hard-to-transfect colorectal cancer cells.


I am grateful for this rich and sumptuously detailed book by Elizabeth A. Clark on a neglected subject. Her splendid book is a reminder that although the early twentieth-century liberal and modernist scholars of early Christian history are largely forgotten—and tend to be derided when remembered—they strove with integrity and intelligence to be good historicists. I appreciate that the liberals of this period wanted Christianity to play a constructive role in society and tried to secure a place in the academy for the study of early Christian history. Still, they believed so intently in the superiority of their white middle-class culture that they could not see this belief as a form of prejudice.


Recently two different metabolic phenotypes have been discovered in breast cancer cells. As increasing evidence shows how metabolism is directly connected to cancer invasiveness, it is of interest to identify which enzymes lead to the expression of each phenotype. As first contribution of this work, we present a novel kinetic model that approximates mitochondrial metabolism. Thereafter, we investigate the behviour of the system through multiple numeric simulations


A systematic study of the subgenus Seladonia Robertson, 1918 of the genus Halictus (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Halictidae) is made based on mateial collected from Asia. Until now, 37 species were recorded from Asia. In the present study we treat material collected from a total of 13 countries such as Japan, N. Korea, S. Korea, Mongolia, China, Taiwan, India. Redescription for each species includes remarks, geographical distribution and floral associations with figures including genitalia is presented. In this paper 3 species are treated.


A cooling system of a wind turbine is provided which includes a generator (10), a housing portion (1), and a hub (2) which is rotatable with respect to the housing portion (1) and drivingly connected to the generator (10). The hub (2) supports at least one blade (4). The housing portion (1) and the hub (2) enclose a cavity for accommodating at least said generator. Heat exchange means (6) are provided on the outer surface of said hub (2) for transferring at least a part of heat produced by said generator (10) in operation to the outside.


More than anyone, the science fiction writer Arthur C Clarke foresaw the coming of a technology which would be no respecter of national frontiers. But the freedom of information promised by direct satellite broadcasting is being thwarted by media monopolies and broadcasters' willingness to accommodate reactionary governments


Species-environment data from Senegal, West Africa, are used to study the effects of partition of a large species data set into subsets corresponding to rare and common species respectively. The original data set contains 129 woody plant species from 909


A vacuum solar cell transfer robot analysis program is presented in this paper. The solar cell is a large and thin plate. When the solar cell is manufactured, it is transferred by robots in each process. The dynamic motion of the hand of the robots is very important design parameters. For the productivity, the tact time that is needed for a cycle of the robot motion also should be considered. The object oriented language is used to create a solver for the solar cell transfer robot simulation. The solar cell transfer robot is presented as an assembly of block element using object oriented programming method. The analysis result is verified by comparing to a commercial multi-body dynamics analysis program. In addition, graphic user interface with a block diagram is also developed considering the convenience to create the solar cell robot model. Each block represents an element such as body, joint, force and so on. The blocks are connected to others so that it can show the flow of the dynamics model.


Emissions fromused lubricant could have adverse effect on man and its environment due to the presence of degraded additives and contaminants. Different treatment methodshas been developed with few check on its pollution aspect. This study investigated the emissions of two major criteria pollutants - carbon monoxide (CO) and sulphur dioxide (SO2) from the solvent extraction treatment of used lubricant. CO was found to be the highest emitting pollutant with mean emission concentration of 85.85 mg/m3 which has exceeded the set NAQS standard while SO2 falls within the standard limit. Therefore, there is a great need to give attention to the control of CO emissions around the treatment plant. However, CO emission can be controlled by employing a CO converter to convert the poisonous gas to a less poisonous gas or substituting the existing process in solvent extraction with a more environmentally friendly one.


The shortcomings of modern technology of thick-plate rolling, leading to the problems in production of welded pipes, are described. Advantages of thin slab casting technology are indicated, in which casting and reduction of a billet with a liquid phase are combined. The design of the combined continuous casting and deformation installation is described and the technology of steel plate production for welded pipes is provided. The main task of the article was to determine the stress-strain state of metal during formation of a strip from the ingot steel coat with a liquid phase by the coat with a liquid phase narrow walls bending. Computational experiment based on the solution of continuum mechanics task by means of the finite element method was used as a method of investigation. For calculations, a grid of finite elements was taken for a quarter of the model and a coat narrow wall with a facet length of0.5 mm. The elastic-plastic contact task is solved considering large displacements and deformations, and a stress-strain state during formation of a strip in a zone of bending of a coat with liquid phase narrow walls is determined. The calculation was carried out in a flat setting (flat deformed state). The initial data for the solution of the task using advanced ANSYS software are presented. The task statement and the boundary conditions are described. Dependences for calculation of the modulus of elasticity and plastic deformation resistance on temperature, strain degree and strain rate are presented. Epures of displacements, stresses and deformations of metal in the bending zone of a coat with a liquid phase narrow wall are presented. The regularities of distribution of tensile stresses along the outer surface and along the thickness of a coat narrow wall with a liquid phase are described as well as the ways of reducing tensile stresses on the side surfaces of a coat with a liquid phase.


Russian judges can now accelerate the hearing process and reduce the heavy load of simple cases that present no meaningful dispute.


The ongoing coronavirus disease–2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to disrupt human lives and almost all sectors and industries. The purpose of the current review was to explore the Omicron variant, the associated global risk, and the public health measures that need to be taken to contain the new variant. An extensive search of all materials related to the topic was carried out in the PubMed search engine and the World Health Organization website. A total of 13 articles were selected based upon their suitability with the current review objectives. Keywords used in the search include COVID-19 and Omicron in the title alone only. The World Health Organization identified a new variant of concern – Omicron on November 26, 2021, which has been reported in more than 170 nations. Depending on the evidence that has surfaced till now, the overall global risk associated with Omicron has been identified as very high. However, the variant has not been linked with serious forms of illness and complications; nevertheless, the large number of cases resulting due to high transmissibility has definitely accounted for a proportional rise in the number of hospital admissions and thus overwhelming the health-care delivery systems. To conclude, the Omicron variant of the causative virus has been associated with high transmissibility but low rates of development of serious infections. This call for the need to raise to the occasion, and all of us should adhere to the standard prevention and control measures and get immunized with the vaccine at the earliest.


For illegal user or system intruders to bypass the client and the middle layer of the information system,a direct attack or destroy the back-end database,proposed the design of the security development framework,to join a dynamic security components in the middle layer,and reduce user economic losses.


Background: The purpose of this study was to differentiate chromophobe renal cell carcinoma and clear cell renal cell carcinoma on helical CT. Methods: The CT images of 9 patients histopathologically proven to have chromophobe renal cell carcinoma and 20 patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma were reviewed. The tumor sizes, margins, enhancement degrees and patterns, presence or absence of calcification, and tumor spread patterns (including perinephric changes, venous invasion, lymphadenopathy, and distant metastasis) were compared. Results: All the chromophobe renal cell carcinomas showed well-demarcated margins. Thechromophobe renal cell carcinomas showed milder enhancements than the clear cell renal cell carcinomas. The sensitivity and specificity for differentiating the chromophobe renal cell carcinoma from the clear cell renal cell carcinoma were 100 and 88%, respectively, when 101 Hounsfield units was used as the cut-off value in the corticomedullary phase, and 95 and 100% when a less-than-three-time enhancement change was used as a cut-off value in the corticomedullary phase (p 0.05). Conclusion: The CT findings of the chromophobe renal cell carcinomascompared to those of the clear cell renal cell carcinomas showed that there were mild enhancements in the corticomedullary phase, homogeneous enhancements, and well-demarcated margins.


Recent years of progress in conventional and biologic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs development and improved treatment strategies (treat to target) have yield in improved outcome in psoriatic arthritis (PsA) patients. [1,2]. Still, despite modern treatment and clinical monitoring methods, we might miss dimensions of disease burden outside our main focus including quality of life (QoL), which are of high importance from patients' perspective.Main objective of this study was to explore how clinical aspects of disease activity and QoL measures will change in PsA patients in an ordinary outpatient clinic in Norway, followed for 5 years, in the biological treatment era.PsA patients fulfilling the CASPAR criteria visiting an outpatient clinic in Norway between January 2013 and February 2020 were consecutively included in the study. Data collection included variables for demographics, treatment, laboratory assessment of ESR and CRP, joint counts, disease activity score in psoriatic arthritis (DAPSA), global assessments – patient's (PGA) and investigator's (IGA), reported joint and global pain, patient reported outcomes (PROMs) regarding different aspects of quality of life (QoL), (MHAQ, RAID, QoL15D and reported fatigue level). Patients were analyzed at baseline and after 5-year follow-up period. Statistics included paired sample t test and McNemar test.Among 140 PsA patients included at baseline, 114 (81.4%) were re-examined after 5 years. Mean age at baseline was 52 years (95%CI 50.3-53.7) and percentage of women was 50.7%. Proportion of patients treated with biologics increased from 32.9% to 39.5%, but the difference wasn't statistically significant. During the 5 year follow up period most clinical disease activity measures decreased and QoL was maintained (Table 1).Table 1.Demographic data, clinical activity measures and patient reported outcomes regarding quality of life in PsA patients followed for 5 years. Values are mean (95CI) or number (%).Baseline (140)5-years follow up (114)pAge (years)52.0 (50.3, 53.7)56.3 (54.4, 58.3)Women71 (50.7%)56 (49.1%)Exercise >1h week62 (44.3%)59 (51.8%)0.28BMI (kg/m2)28.4 (27.5, 29.2)28.2 (27.3, 29.1)0.89Current smoker24 (17.1%)17 (14.9%)0.90Current bDMARD treatment46 (32.9%)45 (39.5%)0.65DAPSA18.6 (16.2, 21.0)12.8 (10.8, 14.8)<0.01TJC684.1 (3.2, 5.0)1.8 (1.3, 2.4)<0.01SJC660.7 (0.5, 0.9)0.3 (0.2, 0.4)<0.01ESR15.9 (13.9, 18.0)10.7 (7.8, 13.5)<0.01CRP4.9 (3.5, 6.3)5.3 (2.5, 8.2)0.41IGA (VAS 0-100)4.1 (3.2, 5.0)1.8 (1.3, 2.4)<0.01PGA (VAS 0-100)36.6 (32.5, 40.8)29.3 (25.0, 33.6)0.12Global pain (VAS 0-100)35.1 (31.2, 39.0)28.9 (24.4, 33.5)0.42Joint pain (VAS 0-100)33.8 (29.9, 37.8)27.5 (23.2, 31.9)0.31MHAQ (0-3)0.4 (0.4, 0.5)0.3 (0.3, 0.4)0.72RAID (0-10)3.5 (3.1, 3.9)3.2 (2.9, 3.6)0.41QoL15D (15-75)24.2 (23.1, 25.2)22.7 (21.6, 23.9)0.85Fatigue (VAS 0-100)47.8 (41.5, 54.2)39.1 (32.8, 45.4)0.16In our cohort of PsA patients after 5 years follow up disease activity was reduced and QoL maintained. Our data adds to the evidence that the burden of disease in PsA patients has decreased in the biologic treatment era however is still significant. Further improvement in pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments in PsA patients is still needed.[1]Coates LC, Moverley AR, McParland L, et al. Effect of tight control of inflammation in early psoriatic arthritis (TICOPA): a UK multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2015;386(10012):2489-2498. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00347-5[2]Coates LC, Helliwell PS. Treating to target in psoriatic arthritis: how to implement in clinical practice. Ann Rheum Dis. 2016;75(4):640-643. doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-208617Nurses and doctors from Division of Rheumatology at Sørlandet Hospital in Kristiansand, Norway contributed to data collection.None declared


For the characterisation of group III nitrides by X-ray diffraction there are several challenges. In particular: a) reliable reference data on cell parameters of the end members and b) a simple and reliable method to obtain the alloy content of a thin film or multi-quantum layer structure that is fully strained to a template, the latter being fully relaxed or still showing some residual strain. A broad range of reference values for both cell parameters and elastic constants have been reported. In this work, we investigate the cell parameters and strain of (0001) GaN templates grown on sapphire and a bulk ammono GaN sample to derive a coherent set of cell parameters and elastic constants. The values are found to be applicable to a variety of samples, with different crystalline quality (threading dislocation density) or doping level. Subsequently different methods for determining the composition of group III nitride alloys on such strained GaN layers are compared. For simpler analysis, the template is often assumed fully relaxed. We investigate here this approximation and find that standard "relative" method fortuitously provides very good results.


The objectives of this study were to explore PAGE as a means for establishing profiles of soluble proteins of soft wheats, to study effects of various factors an electrophoretic patterns, and to determine whether soft wheat cultivars from the eastern United States exhibit genotypical differences. The study is intended to sere as a basis for establishing possible relationships between specific proteins and milling and baking characteristics of soft wheats


Foreign direct investment inflows and outflows occur for a variety of reasons, including market expansion, knowledge transfer, and resource acquisition. Each of these motives results in different outcomes for not only the individual firms involved, but also the industries and economies to which they belong. The goal of this study is to understand what these effects are at the country and industry levels. Using the growth of gross domestic product per capita as a proxy, historical data for both FDI inflows and outflows are used to determine what the relationship is between FDI activity and productivity in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Japan. The country-level results suggest that FDI inflows have a negative effect on GDP per capita growth, while FDI outflows exhibit a positive effect. Japan is also seen to react significantly stronger to changes in FDI flows than the other two countries. In the industry-level analysis, the results suggest opposite reactions. FDI inflows are correlated with an increase in GDP per capita output, whereas outflows have a negative effect. Upon closer inspection, it is discovered that the transportation industry is unique in that the effects are reversed, and are instead consistent with the country-level findings.


ABSTRACT The study explored the moderating role of rapid automatized naming (RAN) in reading achievement through a cusp-catastrophe model grounded on nonlinear dynamic systems theory. Data were obtained from a community sample of 496 second through fourth graders who were followed longitudinally over 2 years and split into 2 random subsamples (validation and cross-validation groups). Results verified the superiority of the cusp-catastrophe over linear and logistic models and established RAN-digits performance as a significant bifurcation factor in both concurrent and longitudinal prediction models. These findings suggested that reduced serial naming speed below a critical level was associated with significantly reduced predictability of word reading efficiency from pseudoword decoding ability. Results were tentatively interpreted as documenting the importance of highly automatized coordination of reading-related component processes, indexed by RAN performance, for word reading efficiency during the early and middle stages of reading acquisition.


-In 2004 Zimbabwe introduced District Administrators in urban areas in abid to improve governance in this area. However this cadre has meet with several challenges which include lack of specific guiding legislation, lack of resources, and lackof community leadership and accountability of councils. On the other hand urban areas have benefited in areas of housing delivery organization, organization of state functions and civic protection issues. This paper is exposing these challenges and successes of the urban district administrator using the Harare Central District, Zimbabwe as case study. INTRODUCTION Urban areas are today faced with many challenges to include inadequate funding, cleanliness, safety, and diversity. One hopes that when Zimbabwe introduced District Administrators in urban areas and the creation of Metropolitan Provinces in 2004,itwas in abid to overcome some of these problems. Hopeful it was in abid to improve the governance of urban settings which are Harare and Bulawayo. Each of the two Metropolitan Provinces is made up of districts under the management of District Administrators. This paper is giving amicroscopic diagnosis of challenges and successes faced by District Administrators in urban areas focusing mainly on Harare Central District. There are aplethora of challenges being faced by District Administrators in urban areas especially because of the way District Administrators were institutionalized in Zimbabwe. Governance can be defined as the management of public affairs based on defined government policies and implemented through public institutions. District Administrators were introduced in urban area to strengthen governance mechanisms and assist the decentralization of responsibilities and resources to local authority, and encouraging the participation of civil societies to achieve common objectives but this foresight is being hampered by anumber of challenges that this paper will identify. Background Harare Metropolitan Province was created in 2004 through the Provincial Councils and Administration Act (Chapter 29:12). It should be noted that during its inception there was the Provincial Governor (Pg) (A Political Appointee) working hand in glove with the Provincial Administrator and District Administrator (Technocrats). However, with the advent of the New Constitution the post of Provincial Governor wasreplaced with that of the Minister for Provincial Affairs. Within the Harare Metropolitan Province thereare four Local Authorities, these include Harare City Council, Chitungwiza Municipality, Ruwa Town Council and Epworth Local Board. This alone pose as achallenge in the smooth functioning of the province.Harare Province is subdivided into five administrative districts. These include Harare Central District, Ruwa/ Epworth, Highfield, Chitungwiza, Harare North, Mabvuku/Tafara, and Harare South. The sub-division isalso the source of another problem. As there are several District Administrators managing asingle local authority. There is duplication of District Administrator"s authority in Harare. There is also the legal dilemma,whereby District Administrations (Das) are not included in the Urban Councils Act which means they are currently acting on the basis of delegated authority. Also the Acts governing their roles are not clear as to what they should do thus their roles are shrouded in obscurity.All humanitarian work within the district is carried out by Non-Governmental Organizations (Ngos) Anumber of them exist within Harare Central District. Ngoshave taken over where government ended. They are there to compliment government efforts especially in areas of development. For the complimentary role to be efficient there need to be awater tight relationship between governance institutions. In this case this is the District Administrators office, Council and the Ngos. Together they identify areas were assistance is due and those who should benefit from the various Ngos. It is against this background that the paper dissects this area. In abid to bring out the challenges and successes of the District Administrators in urban areas as observed by those working in this area narrowing to Harare Central District. District Administrators In Urban Areas: Challenges And Success: Case Of Harare Central District .Zimbabwe. DOI: 10.9790/0837-2201064047 www.iosrjournals.org 41 | Page Fig 1: District Administrators Office Hierarchy Source: Ministry Of Local Government Public Records. Provincial Administrator Provincial Administrator (Pa) is appointed by the Public Service Commission and each province is assigned a Provincial Administrator, Harare Metropolitan Province has one. Provincial Administrators are appointed on merit after making applications to Public Service Commission and sitting for an interview, and authorized by section 33 of The Provincial Councils and Administration Act (1985)Provincial Administrators are also recognized by the Constitution (Kurebwa 2015). No legislation sets out the qualifications for, or duties of office, of Provincial Administrators (Matyszak, 2011). The Pa coordinates all the functions of The District Administrators and chairs The Provincial Development Committee (Section 27 of The Provincial Councils and Administration Act Chapter 29:11). District Administrator They form the mantle of the management team that helps the Minister in running the country on all local government issues with the mandate of coordinating multiagency plans at alocal level (Chatizain De Visser 2010). The District Administrators" are responsible for their particular district and they conduct their duties in the area that falls under their jurisdictions. There are sixty-one (61) districts in Zimbabwe (Central Statistics Office 2002). Out of the 61, there are fourteen (14) District Administrators in urban areas. That is Harare Metropolitan Province and Bulawayo Metropolitan Province. Conceptual Framework The History of Local Government is generally traced back to the coming in of the British South Africa Company (Bsac) in 1890(Chatiza, 2008).However the first formally established local authority was The Salisbury Sanitary Board in 1891, followed by the first Municipal Law Of 1897 (De Valk And Wekwete 1990). Matabeleland Order in Council Of 1894 saw the creation of Gwaaiand Shangani Reserves hence the beginning of colonial local government (Chatizain De Visser 2010). In terms of urban local government legislation before independence changes were made through the enactment of A Municipal Act In 1930 and The Urban Councils Act in 1973 (Chatiza 2008). It is worth to note that prior to independence, the Local Government Legislation provided for racially divided urban and rural areas, and, anymove to promote black supremacy was subjugated by the whites" supremacy policies. The office of The Rural District Administrator came into existence after independence with the sole purpose of addressing the land conflicts in rural areas. Following the commencement of the local government reform in 1980, collective leadership in Zimbabwe has been portrayed by an abundance of covering and incongruent neighborhood authoritative structures, each with its own limits, and drawing on various wellsprings of District Administrators In Urban Areas: Challenges And Success: Case Of Harare Central District .Zimbabwe. DOI: 10.9790/0837-2201064047 www.iosrjournals.org 42 | Page authenticity, which has madefeeble and unique neighborhood establishments (Ncube 2011). As aresult there existed three decentralized structures juxtaposed together. They included The Provincial Development Committees, Ward Development Committees (Wadcos) and Village Development Committees (Vidcos), (Sithole, (1997); Mandondo, 2000 Sited in Ncube 2011). But these are not present in urban areas. Having such structures in rural areas created apool of confusion as there was agrey area on the part of the functions they had to play. Only faith could see the difference, in the same vain there existed Chiefs, Headman and Village Heads who had power over the land. Thus conflicts were rampant in communal areas as the theelected and the traditional authorities conflicted over the administration of the land (Mukamuriand Mavedzenge, 2000). It should be noted that the conflict can be traced back from The Communal Lands Act of 1982 which took the powers of the traditional authorities giving it to the elected official (Ncube 2011). By the advent of this the Government sought to restructure,creating Ministries like The Ministry of Community Development and Cooperatives (Steward e tal 1994), Directives were introduced such as the 1984-5 Prime Ministers Directives (Mandondo 2000). Lastly democratic structures were created at the grassroots level. The Prime Ministers Directive created avenues for grassroots participation, as structures were created that is ward Development Committees (Wardcos) and Village Development Committees (Vidcos) with the motion of practicing bottom up planning and development(Chakaipa 2010). Rural Councils and District Councils were amalgamated through the Rural District Councils Act (Rdc) of 1988 (Jonga 2014). The Government passed the Traditional Leader"s Act of 2000 and in the process avoiding confusion, tension and conflict of interest. Thereby giving aclearly defined role for the traditional leaders in the discharge of their duties. But all these structures are not part of the urban set up.


grouped under four heads:-lst. The normal elements -of the parts, more or less changed, e. g., the nerve cells. 2nd. Fibro-plastic corpuscles, fusiform fibres, and free nuclei. 3rd. White fibrous and yellow elastic tissues. These, perhaps, owed their origin chiefly to the development of the fibro-plastic corpuscles; probably, however, they were partly the remains of the elements of the normal tissues of the parts. 4th. The products -of inflammation, e. g., the non-nucleated granular corpuscles, and molecular protein granules. In different stages of development, in different states of decay or degeneration, and variously combined and arranged,these constituted the portions of the growth which he <Dr. Jenner) had for examination. A question may be entertained, whether in this case the fibro-plastic element, and, consequently, so much of the fibrous tissue as had its origin in it, may not have been developed from a blastema, the product of inflammatory action; certainly, fibro-plastic corpuscles and fusiform fibres are sometimes, found on serous membranes, as the result of the development or organisation of inflammatory exudation matter, and it would appear to depend, partly at least, on the constitutional state of the patient to determine whether inflammation shall cause the exudation of simple fibrillating contractile lymph, a-blastema capable of evolution into fibro-plastic tissue, pus, or granular corpuscles, and protein molecular granules. But, whether themselves originating in inflammatory action or not, it is universally admitted, that fibro-plastic growths are, like all vascular structures, capable of becoming inflamed, and to the inflammation set up in the growth itself the softening and the granular corpuscles seem in this case to have been due. In the parts in which these corpuscles and granules were the most abundant, fat was found in the largest quantity. This fact lends support to the opinion, that-this form of exudation undergoes fatty degneration with greater facility than most other forms. With reference to the question of malignancy, the only conclusion warranted by the microscopical examination is, that it was locally, but not constitutionally, maliguant; at the same time, it seemed to him that our acquaintance with the microscopical characters of mQrbid growths, the histories of which prove them unequivocally to have been constitutionally maglignant, is not sufficiently extensive for a definite statement to be made on this point.


The structure-retention relationship in reversed phase micro high performance liquid chromatography has been investigated for substituted alkylbenzene derivatives. The correlation between van der Waals volume and retention data was completely linear and any deviation from this relation might becaused from the overlap volume of substituent alkyl chains. Standard enthalpies of transfer from the mobile to the stationary phase are also proportional to the van der Waals volume of each solute; the results indicate that the mechanism of reversed phase liquid chromatography might involve a solute-induced volume change in the mobile phase.


(1902). Social and ethical interpretations in mental development, 3rd ed., rev. and enlargement. New York: Macmillan. Damon, W. (1983). Social and personality development. New York: W. W. Norton. Gleick, J. (1987). Chaos theory: Making a new science. New York: Penguin. James, W. (1890). Principles of psychology. New York: Henry Holt & Co. Lamb, S., & Wozniak, R. H. (1990). Developmental co-construction: Metatheory in search of method. Contemporary Psychology, 35, 853-854. Valsiner, J. (Ed.). (1988). Child development within culturally structured environments: Parental cognition and adult-child interaction (Vols. 1, 2). Norwood, NJ: Ablex. Wozniak, R. H. (1986). Notes toward a co-constructive theory of the emotion-cognition relationship. In D. J. Bearison & H. Zimiles (Eds.), Thought and emotion: Developmental perspectives. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.


To improve the detecting performance for the weak targets in complex infrared background,a new infrared image background suppression algorithm based on the second generation Curvelet transform and ProbShrink algorithm is present.As the weak targets are described by the high frequence coefficients in the second generation Curvelet transform and the second generation Curvelet coefficients are sparse representations for edges,so that the parts of complex backgrounds can be subtracted by suppressing low frequency coefficients.The marginal statistics and joint statistics of the high frequence coefficents are used to find the positions of target subbands,then ProbShrink algorithm is used to effectively suppress the background subband coefficients.The experimental results show that the output SNR of complex cloud background with 4.16 dB input SNR can achieve 39.38 dB,which means presented algorithm can suppress infrared backgrounds and can preserve weak targets well.


Brief review of the state of the problem of stability in forest ecology is presented, and the known mathematical models of ecosystem sustainability are estimated in the context of their applicability to landscape-ecological systems. The iterative procedure of quantifying the potential sustainability of forest biogeocenosis as integral elementary chronological units of the biosphere is presented. Statistically signifi cant equations have been obtained for the relations between the stability indices of forest biogeocenosis and their metabolic parameters and environmental factors. The presented large-scale matrix maps of resistance and resilience stability of forest communities (by the example of Samarskaya Luka) characterizes their sensitivity to climatic changes and subsequent succession-restoration potential, respectively.


Some of the issues to be considered when designing a standard test environment are discussed. Only by using a complete standard test environment can test code achieve hardware independence. The test environment must incorporate software and hardware standards so various computer platforms can host the control and support software, device drivers, and the test code, maximizing software reuse.<<ETX>>


Abstract The generalization of the n-dimensional cube, an n-dimensional chain, the exterior derivative and the integral of a differential n-form on it are introduced and investigated. The analogue of Stokes theorem for the differential space is given


Using silkworm Bombyx mori Bm5 cells, we established a stable cell line expressing the human keratinocyte growth factor (hKGF), named by the Bm5-hKGF cell, in which the protein hKGF is synthesized in the cell and secreted in the cell culture supernatant (CCS) at approximately 15-20 ng/㎖. When the Bm5-hKGF cell was co-expressed with B. mori protein disulfide isomerase (bPDI) cDNA, its secretion increased by about two times the original amount. Through wound healing migration assay, it was demonstrated that the secreted hKGF included in the CCS has a very powerful biological activity of keratinocyte proliferation. We expect to produce useful human recombinant proteins from silkworm cultured cells in large quantities at low prices.


Taking the engineering of Jindu Garden International Hotel as the example, this paper introduces the application of UB8.0 grout pump in the building construction.


After addition of mitomycin C to Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain MAC-264 cells, DNA synthesis stops but resumes again after 45 min. This resumption in DNA synthesis is due to the induction of a temperate phage. Early after induction, both RNA and protein syntheses continue but later on little or no net synthesis of these macromolecules occurs. Cell lysis occurs at 90 to 105 min after addition of mitomycin C. Analysis of the lysates indicates that a DNA phage with an icosahedral head about 55 mμ in diameter with a short wedge-shaped tail is produced. This phage has a buoyant density of 1.468 g/ml in CsCl. The guanine + cytosine content of the phage DNA determined by its buoyant density in CsCl is 46% compared to 68% for the host DNA.Some phage tail-like structures which have a buoyant density of 1.305 g/ml in CsCl are also induced at the same time.


Marine heatwaves (MHWs) have recently been at the forefront of climate research due to their devastating impacts on the marine environment. In this study, we have evaluated the spatiotemporal variability and trends of sea surface temperature (SST) and MHWs in the Black Sea. Furthermore, we investigated the relationship between the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and MHW frequency. This is the first attempt to investigate MHWs and their characteristics in the Black Sea using high-resolution remote-sensing daily satellite SST data (0.05° × 0.05°) from 1982 to 2020. The results showed that the spatial average of the SST warming rate over the entire basin was about 0.65 ± 0.07 °C/decade. Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis revealed that SST in the Black Sea exhibited inter-annual spatiotemporal coherent variability. The maximum spatial SST variability was discovered in the central Black Sea, whereas the lowest variability was in the Batumi and Caucasus anti-cyclonic eddies in the eastern Black Sea. The highest SST temporal variability was found in 1994. More than two-thirds of all MHW events were recorded in the last decade (2010–2020). The highest annual MHW durations were reported in 1994 and 2020. The highest MHW frequency was detected in 2018 (7 waves). Over the whole study period (1982–2020), a statistically significant increase in annual MHW frequency and duration was detected, with trends of 1.4 ± 0.3 waves/decade and 2.8 ± 1.3 days/decade, respectively. A high number of MHW events coincided with El Niño (e.g., 1996, 1999, 2007, 2010, 2018, and 2020). A strong correlation (R = 0.90) was observed between the annual mean SST and the annual MHW frequency, indicating that more MHWs can be expected in the Black Sea, with serious consequences for the marine ecosystem.


Abstract. We present a new approach in science communication that uses artistic works to entice people to learn about landscapes. To this aim, we use narratives about a place in plain language accompanied by visual stimulations, poetry, and ancient music. The multidisciplinary approach resulting from the encounter and interplay among the different communicative methods arouse an emotional and intellectual experience that enables a personal connection to the place. This work is part of a larger multidisciplinary project covering 20 sites in the Marche Region (Central Italy) that includes scientific information on geological-geomorphological genesis, trekking itineraries, poetry, ancient music, video and cultural offerings. The project is documented through live multidisciplinary performances, the publication of project materials in a book with a DVD attached, and through a web site with the same contents. Among the many amazing landscapes of the Marche Region, we focus here on three sites from the north, the centre and the south of the region: The sea-cliff of San Bartolo , The flatiron of Mount Petrano and The fault of Mount Vettore , chosen as examples for their different processes of genesis and evolution. Our goal is to promote a deeper understanding of landscapes by integrating their origin and physical aesthetic with their cultural and artistic heritage. In doing so, we intend to educate people to have a new perception of geo-sites, starting from its physical beauty, building on scientific study and cultural history, and arriving to the knowledge of its social importance.


Displaying calories in food service outlets has resulted in consumers purchasing fewer calories and this effect increases with time post calorie menu labelling (CML). This study examines the effect of CML in Ireland over time, taking into account the 'festive season' and gender differences. Calories per portion of food served for breakfast (set daily menu) and lunch (variable daily menu, three week menu cycle) in a hospital staff and visitor canteen were calculated using MenuCal. Consumer food choices were recorded for both meals on five days (Monday-Friday) of the same menu cycle, over four different time points November 2014 (Pre CML), January 2015 (2 months Post CML & Post Festive), November 2015 (12 months Post CML), January 2016 (14 months Post CML & Post Festive). Median calories purchased by consumers at each time point, and for each meal, were compared and differences according to gender were explored. All time points were compared with Pre CML; and 2 months Post Festive was compared with 14 months Post Festive. As shown below, compared with Pre CML median calories purchased were significantly lower at 14 months overall and for both meals separately; while at 12 months this was only apparent at lunch. Comparing the two Post Festive time points, median calories purchased were significantly lower overall and for both meals separately at 14 months vs. 2 months.


High-Pressure Torsion (HPT) is widely used to refine the structure of metallic materials through the use of severe plastic deformation. This technique is used in this report to process different magnesium alloys using various processing conditions. The high hydrostatic pressure allows processing of these materials at room temperature without cracking. The structure was characterized and hardness distribution was determined at different areas of the processed samples. The results show significant structure refinement and increased hardness. The evolution of the structure and hardness depends on the alloying and HPT processing conditions.


An ab initio approach to the theoretical description of centrifugal distortions in molecules is presented. The method is based on the calculation of the electronic energy changes and gradients accompanying rotationally induced distortions. A centrifugal distortion pathway in nuclear coordinate space is defined. Results are presented at the HF/6‐31G** level for NH3, CH4, BF3, and SF6, and at the Guillemin–Zener level for H+2. Quartic centrifugal distortion parameters are computed for each molecule, with distortion anisotropies presented in the form of tensor coefficients. Centrifugally induced electric dipole moment coefficients are presented for CH4 and BF3 together with dipole moment changes for NH3. Agreement with experiment and with conventional theoretical descriptions is generally quite satisfactory, particularly for the tensor coefficients representing the cubic anisotropy in the distortions of the spherical tops CH4 and SF6.


The first two papers in this series described the basic theory involved in supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC), how the technique evolved from gas and liquid chromatography and how the instrumentation was developed. Over the last two years, a commercial, dedicated packed-column SFC/MS instrument appeared on the market. The SFC continues to grow in use, with fundamental developments, coupled with a steady rise in the number of industrial users and applications.


Iran's economy has always been under severe sanctions. These sanctions were almost tolerable for Iran since they did not affect Iran's oil industry which is the main source of foreign currency for the country. The recent sanctions on Iran's oil-dependent economy starting from 2012, put a lot of pressure on the country and the overall country experienced very volatile conditions. As the result, the government started to negotiate with the world that led to the agreement between P5+1 and Iran that is generally referred to as the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA). Although this agreement released some of the pressures on Iran's economy, Iran's experience during the sanction period and the time that the oil price was low, convinced the government to start investing on localization of the industry. The term localization here refers to the activities that try to produce needed materials of the industry inside the country instead of importing them. The government's attempt in the past years for localization especially in the car industry, caused a sustainable development in this area. This sustainability was shown in the recent drop off of the oil price in 2016 which did not affect the car market like the past similar events. In this paper, we will try to model the effective parameters in Iran's car industry including the localization and also propose a model relating localization, car industry and sustainability to describe the effect of localization on creating a sustainable development in the car industry.


body mass index (BMI), pathologic findings, procedures of oesophagectomy, and rate of lymph node metastasis. Propensity-score matched (PSM) analysis was conducted to eliminate the bias effects of confounding factors. Results: A total of 1204 patients (including 118 adenocarcinoma patients and 1086 SCC patients) were included for analysis. In the analysis of unmatched patients, adenocarcinoma had a significantly larger mean number of positive lymph nodes (P < 0.001) and higher rate of lymph node metastases (P < 0.001) than SCC. However, other confounding factors such as surgical procedures, tumour location, pT stage, lymphovascular invasion also differed significantly between adenocarcinoma and SCC. In the analysis of 96 matched patients, those confounding factors were well matched. However, adenocarcinoma still had a significantly larger mean number of positive lymph nodes (P=0.003) and higher rate of lymph node metastases (P=0.003) than SCC. Conclusions: Oesophageal adenocarcinoma has a higher risk of lymph node metastases than SCC, which indicates that different therapeutic modalities should be applied for these 2 different malignant entities. Disclosure: No significant relationships.


In this paper a multiplexer based S-box architecture with 5 stage pipelining is proposed The proposed AES S-box were implemented on Xilinx device XC5VLX20T Virtex-5 FPGA. The results are compared with modular design architecture. This implementation gives 10.55 ns path delay with the slice area of 52 without pipelining and 1.74 ns path delay with the slice area of 36 by introducing 5 stage pipelining. The results show that the pipelined modified structure reduces the critical path so the through put is increased to 4.5Gbps.


The invention relates to a method and an arrangement for storing energy in the form of liquid air, preferably with the stored electrical energy during off-peak periods of a power grid and can be removed again during peak load periods. For energy storage air is liquefied by Linde-Claude process. Of extracting energy, the air is regasified and operated with compressed air, a main turbine (12). The liberated during the regasification refrigerant is fed to the lowest stage of a Rankine engine. With said main turbine (12) and the Rankine turbine generated energy is brought together and fed back.


Indonesia is making gradual though appreciable progress in solving its pressing problems of rehabilitation and readjustment, after the destruction and disruption brought about during nearly a decade of occupation and fighting. The economic, social and political problems faced since the transfer of sovereignty (in December 1949) have been great, and the need for their solution urgent. Most observers have been greatly impressed by the Indonesian Government's success in navigating the stormy seas of the past two years.


This study examines the creative responses of pre-service mathematics teachers in their lesson plays designed to address sixth-grade students' misconceptions about algebraic expressions. This research employs a qualitative descriptive research design, involving 78 third-year students enrolled in an elementary mathematics education program. Using lesson plays, the pre-service teachers developed hypothetical lessons that demonstrated how dialogues between teachers and students could unfold in a classroom. The research revealed that the pre-service teachers exhibited pedagogical and mathematical flexibility in addressing students' misconceptions in algebraic expressions. While the participants did not display mathematical and pedagogical originality, they were able to create a variety of hypothetical instructional settings. This study highlights the potential of lesson plays as an effective tool to examine pre-service teachers' creativity and explores various pedagogical approaches in their hypothetical instruction. The findings suggest that teacher education programs should include more opportunities for pre-service teachers to develop their creativity using lesson plays and for preparing them to effectively and originally address students' misconceptions about algebraic expressions.


Virtual prototypes are increasingly used in device/driver co-development and co-validation to enable early driver development and reduce product time-to-market. However, drivers developed over virtual prototypes often do not work readily on silicon devices, since silicon devices often do not conform to virtual prototypes. Therefore, it is important to detect the inconsistences between silicon devices and virtual prototypes. We present an approach to post-silicon conformance checking of a hardware device with its virtual prototype, i.e., a virtual device. The conformance between the silicon and virtual devices is defined over their interface states. This approach symbolically executes the virtual device with the same driver request sequence to the silicon device, and checks if the interface states of the silicon and virtual devices are consistent. Inconsistencies detected indicate potential errors in either the silicon device or the virtual device. We have evaluated our approach on three network adapters and their virtual devices, and found 15 inconsistencies exposing 15 real bugs in total from the silicon and virtual devices. The results demonstrate that our approach is useful and efficient in facilitating device/driver covalidation at the post-silicon stage.


Ultrathin and 2D magnetic materials have attracted a great deal of attention recently due to their potential applications in spintronics. Only a handful of stable ultrathin magnetic materials have been reported, but their high‐yield synthesis remains a challenge. Transition metal (e.g., manganese) nitrides are attractive candidates for spintronics due to their predicted high magnetic transition temperatures. Here, a lattice matching synthesis of ultrathin Mn3N2 is employed. Taking advantage of the lattice match between a KCl salt template and Mn3N2, this method yields the first ultrathin magnetic metal nitride via a solution‐based route. Mn3N2 flakes show intrinsic magnetic behavior even at 300 K, enabling potential room‐temperature applications. This synthesis procedure offers an approach to the discovery of other ultrathin or 2D metal nitrides.


The escape of air into the subcutaneous tissues is a frequent occurrence following severe injuries, especially those of the chest. This condition, however, has often been observed where there has been no previous injury, usually as the result of pathological changes in the respiratory tract. These may be considered in two groups, namely those resulting from tuberculous, and those from non-tuberculous cases. It is with the latter type that this paper is concerned. On attempting to classify the non-tuberculous "non-traumatic " types of subcutaneous emphysema a difficulty at once becomes apparent. Since the escape of air into the tissues is in nearly every instance preceded by violent coughing, or as in parturient women, by violent straining, the question arises whether these should be considered "traumatic," because they are due to violence, or whether this term should be confined to those instances where the violenee is externial, and the result of an external injury. It seems more reasonable to adopt the latter view. Furthermore, by analogy to pneumothorax one is tempted to employ the term "spontaneous" emphysema for these cases. However, since there are those' who under this head refer to the type of case in which the presence of air in the tissues is the result of decompositionof a haematoma (Velpeau's theory), it seemed advisable to adopt the term "nontraumatic" to designate the cases in which the escape of air into the tissues is not due to external violence. The followNing classification of these may be made: 1. Congenital emphysema. This appears at birth or shortly after. It is rare and few cases are on record.2 2. Emphysema occurring during labour,3 usually in the seconid stage and due to the


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop and evaluate an approach to managerially monitoring customer‐experienced value of e‐services. The need for this study is based on a lack of models of e‐service value applying a value‐in‐use approach on the one hand, and on the other hand the increasing need for managerially viable techniques to diagnose customers' views of e‐service value.Design/methodology/approach – The approach, customized for but not limited to e‐services, employs four principal value dimensions (technical, functional, temporal and spatial) anchored in service quality and value research to capture e‐service value. The approach has two new characteristics. It focuses on relative joint evaluations of benefits and sacrifice and on the degree of customer activation. The empirical study based on a large‐scale web survey of users' evaluations of a travel agency's web service illustrates how the approach can be used.Findings – The theoretically based approach showed in the empirical study tha...


Purpose – For self-training of nursing students, this paper developed a mannequin to simulate and measure the movement of a patient's arms while nurses changed the patient's clothes on a bed. In addition, using the mannequin the purpose of this paper is to determine the difference in the handling of a patient's arms between nursing teachers and students. Design/methodology/approach – The target patient was an old man with complete paralysis. Three-degrees-of-freedom (DOF) shoulder joints and one-DOF elbow joints were applied to the mannequin. The angles of all joints were measured using a potentiometer, and those angles were transmitted to a computer via Bluetooth. Findings – In a preliminary experiment, the two nursing teachers confirmed that the mannequin arms simulated the motion of the arms of a paralyzed patient. In the experiment, two teachers and six students changed the clothes of the mannequin. The average joint angle of the left elbow and the moving frequency of the left elbow, right shoulder ad...


Abstract This paper proposed a combining technique of feature vectors which improves the performance of radar target recognition. The proposed method obtains more information than monostatic or bistatic case by combining extracted feature vectors from two receivers. For verifying the performance of the proposed method, we calculated monostatic and bistatic RCS(BRCS) of three full-scale fighters by changing the receiver position. Then, the scattering centers are extracted using 1-D FFT-based CLEAN from the calculated RCS data. Scattering centers are used as feature vectors for neural network classifier. The results show that our method has the better performance than the monostatic or bis-tatic case.Key words : Monostatic Radar, Bistatic Radar, Combining of Feature Vectors, FFT-Based CLEAN Algorithm, Radar Target Recognition  yzl7{|r}r~zlEFe$ /IR €zlP7{*S+p/'ƒ"&. †;~‡Nˆ‰~r(Department of Electronic Engineering, Hannam University) *}r~zl(Agency for Defense Development)Manuscript received July 16, 2013 ; Revised August 26, 2013 ; Accepted September 2, 2013. (ID No. 20130716-063)Corresponding Author : In-Sik Choi (e-mail : firstname.lastname@example.com)


Our objective is to diagnose the liver cancer with the aid of CT images and the computer,and to help the radiologists to do better treatments.Our method is to extract the tissue of the liver by Snake algorithm and to do appropriate pretreatments on it and then to select the appropriate region of interest;finally by calculating the mean value of gray area of CT images of arterial and venous interest or the balanced area of interest and the remaining area of the liver,the diagnosis of typical liver cancer is made after the completion of angiography.Results show that a large number of contrast-enhanced abdominal CT cases for liver cancer are screened in a preliminary way.Our conclusion is that the typical cases in line with liver CT image sequences can be automatically screened out,so the computer plays an important role in computer-aided diagnosis of liver cancers.