BACKGROUND
Novel objective tests of risk factors for amblyopia offer an alternative for preschool vision screening. We compared the merits of photoscreening versus portable patched acuity testing in elementary schools. Photoscreening may outperform routine acuity testing in pediatric offices; however, both have fairly good validity when performed by specialists in preschool vision screening.

METHODS
School nurses performed patched HOTV surround acuity testing and two types of photoscreening (MTI and Gateway DV-S20) in a portable tent near each classroom.

RESULTS
1700 children (696 1st grade, 710 Kindergarteners and 271 special-needs pre-Kindergarten). 14% had comprehensive exams and another 65% had normal photoscreens combined with patched acuities of 20/20 or better OU. We estimate the overall sensitivity/specificity using AAPOS guidelines for the modalities to be 39%:99% for patched HOTV acuity, 77%:99% for MTI photoscreening, and 85%:98% for Gateway photoscreening. The specificity of acuity testing was particularly low in pre-K due to 33% unable to complete the test, but about 80% of initial acuity failures were able to pass with pinhole.

CONCLUSION
Tent photoscreening in younger elementary school children was more sensitive and faster than patched acuity particularly in developmentally delayed pre-K children.


Introduction Hypothyroidism is a condition which requires iodine levels to be augmented and adjusted for the proper function of thyroid gland. Hypothyroidism refers to any state in which thyroid hormone production is below normal. The thyroid gland is regulated by, the pituitary gland. There is a risk that the medicines given to treat hypothyroidism can cause systemic lupus erythmatosus SLE. It is an autoimmune disease in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissue. It can affect the skin, joints, kidneys, brain. SLE is much more common in women than men. Case presentation A 45 year old female patient visited the hospital with complaints of itching on the right leg. There were symptoms risking the presence of SLE which later, the patient was then diagnosed with the disease. Upon investigation it was suspected a case of drug induced lupus as the patient had hypothyroidism two years ago and was on levothyroxine therapy. Conclusion This report presents a case with an association between hypothyroidism medications and SLE. Risk of morbidity can be controlled by maintaining proper iodine level as well as to reduce the symptoms of SLE. The presence of either condition was associated with a higher frequency of both anti-microsomal and anti-thyroglobulin antibodies.


Vertical variation of density, flexural strength and stiffness of Persian silk wood The aim of this research was to investigate the effects of longitudinal position (stem height) and heart-sapwood on density, modulus of elasticity ( MOE ) and modulus of rupture ( MOR ) in bending for Persian silk wood ( Albizzia julibrissin) . Five normal trees were selected from the Guilan region, Iran. Samples for testing were prepared at four stem height levels (5%, 25%, 50% and 75% of total stem height) in both positions along radial direction (heartwood and sapwood). Analysis of variance results (Anova) indicated that the effects of longitudinal position (stem height) and heartwood-sapwood on the wood density, MOE and MOR were significant. The mean of wood density, MOE and MOR along longitudinal position from base to top decreased with height. The mean of wood density, MOR and MOE in sapwood are lower compared to the corresponding values for heartwood. The relationship between wood density and mechanical strength properties were analyzed by regression models. A positive correlation was found between wood density with MOE and MOR in both heartwood and sapwood.


Micro-Raman spectroscopy has been used to monitor and to analyse residual thermal strains in model composites. A model composite, consisting of a single high modulus carbon fibre located between two layers of polypropylene film, is placed in a hot stage and mounted directly under the Raman microscope. The observed straintemperature profiles indicate a non-linear accumulation of thermal residual strains within the fibre as temperature decreases. Residual strains measured at ambient temperatures are strongly influenced by the cooling rate and are significantly higher for the lower cooling rate. A considerable fibre fragmentation has been observed. Fragments length distribution and residual strains, present in fibre fragments, are again dependent on the cooling rate. This has been explained by the cooling rate dependence of matrix crystallization and the formation of the transcrystalline region around the fibre.


Optimizing the combustion control concepts on a pellet stove with very low heat output is time-consuming and costly. In order to shorten the required laboratory test time, a 0-D transient tool was developed within the ERA-NET project "LowEmi-MicroStove", which simulates a 4 kW pellet stove with staged combustion and heat transfer. This approach was chosen in order to greatly simplify the description of the combustion processes and so reduce the computational complexity and simulation time. The combustion of a bed of pellets is modeled as a superposition of the combustion cycles of individual pellets, assuming no interactions between pellets. A test setup was developed and used to determine the ignition and burning cycle of individual pellets. The description of the CO emissions behavior is based upon an empirically grounded relation which is in turn based on the air/fuel ratio and the combustion chamber temperature. For the validation of the 0-D simulation results, a test rig for a 4 kW pellet stove was built. Despite its simplistic approach, good agreement was found between the simulation and 4 kW pellet stove test results for the mean values and temporal fluctuations of flue gas temperature and oxygen and carbon monoxide content during start up, stable operation and load changes. The simulation could thus be used to quantify the effect of air flow rates and distribution as well as load changes on performance and draw conclusions regarding different process control strategies. A control strategy which can operate the stove at high temperatures near the air stoichiometric limit with acceptable CO emissions has been proven to be the most promising. Additionally, the model can be used to quantify the effects of variations in other process parameters, for example the impact of fluctuations in the pellet feed. Due to its effectiveness and simplicity, this model approach can be applied for the development of control strategies for other staged, pellet combustion systems.


Artificial Neural Networks simulate the learning process of biological neurons, and these have been successfully used in the computation of parameters on several engineering problems where exist a strong nonlinear relation among the variables. In soil science, estimation of some properties involves variables that are complicated to estimate using mathematical models, so the solution for the problems fall into the field of Artificial Intelligence. The present paper reports the elaboration of an Artificial Neural Network for the estimation of penetration resistance of soil at different depths, considering as influential variables humidity, density, static load, and inflate pressure. The best estimation results were obtained at a depth of 20-30 cm.


This work deal with the problem related to the energy recovered in an induction motor drive. During deceleration, a regenerative braking control strategy allows the recovery of the mechanical energy stored in an inertial mass. This process involves the conversion of the kinetic energy into electric energy. The parts that compose the system are a squirrel cage induction motor variable frequency drive and controller and the mechanical system (flywheel) representing the inertia of the automobile. In order to test the performance of the intelligent control, it is compared with a conventional control scheme. The conventional control scheme is used to generate the samples of the input and output signals, which allows the identification of the dynamics of the system (plant). Also, it is used as a reference for the performance of the intelligent control.


IT has been suggested that both weight and metabolism are regulated, in part, by a common mechanism: substrate or "futile" cycling. The sensitivity of many regulatory mechanisms in metabolic pathways can be improved by the existence of a substrate cycle in which the activity of a key enzyme in a metabolic pathway is opposed by a reverse reaction catalyzed by a different enzyme. However, since cycling involves an obligatory loss of chemical energy as heat, this loss may also be quantitatively important in "burning off" excess energy. It is thought that rates of cycling are increased before exercise, after exercise, . . .


* Frontispiece * List of Photographs and Illustrations * Preface * Acknowledgements * 1. SEWA: Women in Movement * 2. Emergence * 3. Independence * 4. SEWA's Shakti: Growing Up and Leading Out * 5. The Union: Struggles of Solidarity * 6. Video SEWA: Focusing on Issues * 7. The SEWA Bank: 'This Bank is Like Our Mother's Place' * 8. Women's Cooperatives: A Lever for Change * 9. Health Services: 'This Body is My Only Asset' * 10. SEWA Bharat: Reaching Across the Country * 11. Moving on: Pushing Policy Outward * Appendices * Glossary of Terms * Index


The method of this study is cross-sectional
Key word : mucositis, chemotherapy standard and high risk protocols, location
The protocol that is used to treat patients with Acute Lymphoblastic
Leukemia in Dr. Sardjito Hospital is Protocol Chemotherapy Indonesia 2006 for
childhood ALL. The protocol consists two protocols namely high risk and
standard risk. Both of these protocols have the same initial phase, induction phase
which has the purpose to destroying leukemia cells as much as possible. The aim
of this study was to determine differences of mucositis incidences and severity of
oral mucositis in patients undergoing chemotherapy protocol standard and high
risk and to determine the location of mucositis based on keratin tissue.
. The subjects of this study were
twelve patients with ALL aged 2- 10 years and been followed-up during induction
phase of chemotherapy standard risk and high risk protocol in Dr. Sardjito
Hospital, Yogyakarta. The mucositis are asseses using modified criteria WHO and
OAG. The location mucositis are examined by dividing the mucosal tissue based
on its keratinized.
The results of this study showed that there is a difference of mucositis
incidences in patients undergoing chemotherapy standard and high risk. The
degree of severity of mucositis patients with standard risk different from patient
with high risk. Mucositis more often in non keratinized mucosa rather than
keratinized mucosa. The conclusion from this study are mucositis in patients with
standard risk protocols more frequently and more severe than high risk protocols.


The equipment department of Jinan iron and steel group strengthens the supervision mechanism and reduces the cost of stocking through implementing open evaluating,strengthening eximining management,strictly formulating,implementing and checking the management ways for public bidding stocking,commercial technique talks,contracts and stocking products prices and so on.


The use of pulsing in Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis to limit the hydrocarbon chain growth and maximize the yield of diesel-range (C{sub 10}-C{sub 20}) products was examined on high-chain-growth-probability ({alpha} {ge} 0.9) FT catalysts. Pulsing experiments were conducted using a stainless-steel fixed-bed micro-reactor, equipped with both on-line (for the permanent gases and light hydrocarbons, C{sub 1}-C{sub 15}) and off-line (for the heavier hydrocarbons, C{sub 10}-C{sub 65}) gas chromatography analysis. Additional experiments were performed using a highly active attrition-resistant iron-based FT synthesis catalyst in a 1-liter continuous stirred-tank rector (CSTR). On both a Co-ZrO{sub 2}/SiO{sub 2} and a Co/Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} FT synthesis catalyst application of H{sub 2} pulsing causes significant increase in CO conversion, and only an instantaneous increase in undesirable selectivity to CH{sub 4}. Increasing the frequency of H{sub 2} pulsing enhances the selectivity to C{sub 10}-C{sub 20} compounds but the chain-growth probability {alpha} remains essentially unaffected. Increasing the duration of H{sub 2} pulsing results in enhancing the maximum obtained CO conversion and an instantaneous selectivity to CH{sub 4}. An optimum set of H{sub 2} pulse parameters (pulse frequency, pulse duration) is required for maximizing the yield of desirable diesel-range C{sub 10}-C{sub 20} products. Application of a suitable H{sub 2}more » pulse in the presence of added steam in the feed is a simple method to overcome the loss in activity and the shift in paraffin vs. olefin selectivity (increase in the olefin/paraffin ratio) caused by the excess steam. A decrease in syngas concentration has a strong suppressing effect on the olefin/paraffin ratio of the light hydrocarbon products. Higher syngas concentration can increase the chain growth probability {alpha} and thus allow for better evaluation of the effect of pulsing on FT synthesis. On a high-{alpha} Fe/K/Cu/SiO{sub 2} FT synthesis catalyst H{sub 2} pulsing enhances the yield of C{sub 10}-C{sub 20} but at the same time decreases the catalyst activity (CO conversion) and increases the selectivity to CH{sub 4}. On the other hand, pulsing with CO also increases the yield of C{sub 10}-C{sub 20} but has no impact on the selectivity to CH{sub 4} or CO{sub 2} and decreases catalytic activity only moderately. FT reaction experiments using the Fe/K/Cu/SiO{sub 2} FT synthesis catalyst in a 1-liter CSTR indicate that both the catalyst activity and yield of all products (both favorable and unfavorable) are enhanced by increasing reaction pressure and H{sub 2}:CO feed ratio, as well as with decreasing reaction temperature. The selectivity to the desirable C{sub 5+} product fraction is favored by lower reaction temperatures and H{sub 2}:CO feed ratios. Based on the results of this study, the following recommendations should be considered: Pulsing experiments on FT synthesis catalysts (either cobalt-based or iron-based) should be performed under conditions that maximize the yield of the heavy hydrocarbon products (high chain-growth probability {alpha}), such as high synthesis gas partial pressure and low space velocity. More aggressive pulsing conditions (higher pulse frequency) should be examined, so as to establish the long-term impact of pulsing on product formation beyond experimental uncertainty. Also, more emphasis should be given to pulsing experiments in the CSTR which, due to its superior control of the catalyst temperature, would allow the evaluation of a more extensive range of pulsing parameters (pulse frequency and duration).« less


With a sample of 190 employees from telecom sector of Pakistan, the authors intended to test the main effects of three dimensions of perceived organizational politics (General Political Behavior, Go Along to Get Ahead and Pay and Promotion Policies) on Employees' job satisfaction and counterproductive work behaviors. Moderating role of emotional intelligence was also examined on the politics-outcomes relationship. General Political behavior and Go along to get ahead were found to have significant negative relationship with job satisfaction and positive with counterproductive work behaviors. Pay and promotion policies and outcomes relationship could not reach statistical significance. Emotional Intelligence was positively related to job satisfaction and negatively related to counterproductive work behaviors. As hypothesized, emotional intelligence moderated the relationship between general political behavior, go along to get ahead and outcomes. Contrary to expectations, interaction for pay and promotion policies and emotional intelligence was negatively related to job satisfaction and positively related to counterproductive work behaviors.


Collaborative design, i.e., design involving the participation of multiple specialists, is an inherently COml)lex activity. It can benefit greatly from computer-based pTvccss support in which the emphasis is oil addressing the generic needs of decision-making processes [Raggl]. I)roccss support as (h'fim'd in [Rag91] includes: SUl)l)orting tim i)lam~ing, organization, and ext'cution of complex anti inter-r(:la.t(~d tasks that constil, ut(~ d(~cision-making inclmliwg cowmmwicatiow and conilict resohztiow; SUl)l)orting Ilexil)l(" i)v'occss s('(lUCm:es during ~h,cisiow-ma/~iwg; and vnaild,a, ining (l(:ta.ils about int(~rmcdia,t(' d(~cisions ~.n(I inter-r~dationshil~S. Process supl)ort entails sh'alcgic knowledge, i.e., meta-level knowledge used to decide what (lesign action to 1)erform next [Gau93]. A design action may involve,, for example: (let(~rmining design fl)cus; re, fining a design decision or ol)jectiw'; evaluating a design alt(,rnativ('; selecting a design alt(,rnatiw:; or resolving interactions among design ol)je('tiw,s [(~ F(L91]. A design action can have conflicting goals, coml)lex del)ellden(:ies, cons(:(lUelW('s that cannot I)e known completely, and resource limitations. Strategic knowledge is need('~l for dir(:cting the design process under such circumstanccs. In this abstract we overview several efforts that address process support and strategic knowh,dg(, in colla.I)orative d(:sign. We th('n identify some areas where I)rocess SUl)l)ort in m,c&'d in I~iom(~(li(:al ('ngim~ring. We com:lud(~ with a brief discussion of one of r(,s('ar(:h dir(,cl, ions in progress.


On behalf of the European Commission, the CORD project is carrying out several cross-site collaborative studies that will synthesize evaluation results of comparable transport telematics systems within the European ATT program. These studies cover a wide range of transport telematics applications including demand management, interurban traffic information based on RDS-TMC technology, freight and fleet management including hazardous goods monitoring, public transport information, and driver assistance systems. This paper aims to describe the methods developed for the collaborative studies and to introduce key results achieved by those studies, which will provide a substantial basis for developing strategies for transport telematics systems deployment in Europe.


The invention provides a method for establishing an index for multimedia. The method comprises the following steps: searching names found out in speech or a text relevant to the multimedia on an image searching engine and establishing a corresponding face database for the names according to the search result; respectively extracting the characteristics for each face in the face database and video frames of a video or a to-be-detected face in a picture; respectively carrying out characteristic matching on the to-be-detected face and each face in the face database and acquiring whether the to-be-detected face is matched with the name represented by the face database according to the matching result; and taking the matched name as the multimedia index. The method does not require human interference and prior data labeling and has ideal expansibility; and the method can solve the problem of frequent small sample volume in face matching operation, name a small number of faces in news reports conveniently and effectively and establish a relevant index.


The INTERSAFE project was created to generate a European Approach to increase safety at intersections. A detailed analysis of accidents was carried out. Based on derived relevant scenarios, driver assistant functions were developed to support the driver in critical intersection situations. Following the objectives INTERSAFE realised an Intersection Driver Warning System in a VW Phaeton demonstrator vehicle based on on-board sensors and communication for?left turn, for ?turning/ crossing and for ?traffic light assistance. A BMW 5 series demonstrator based on communication for traffic light assistance was built up as well. The results carried out in the testing phase are presented and discussed. For the covering abstract see ITRD E140665.


ABSTRACT Recent debates over the 'securitisation' of climate change have underlined the importance of exploring the links between modern forms of warfare and environmental crisis. However, their elusive complexity suggests what has been called 'a crisis of intelligibility' (Chamayou 2015, 14). Nevertheless, growing numbers of novelists have sought to engage with climate change, whilst war has always been a prominent literary theme. The aim of this article is, therefore, to evaluate a range of novels that, under the guise of speculative fiction, engage (if sometimes obliquely) with the interplay of conflict and environmental crisis. In doing so, the article considers whether conventional literary modes are capable of encompassing the relationship between humans and the environment in time of war, or whether the very failure of those modes opens up a space within which new and more effective modes of representation are possible.


The personal narrative nature of my work IS rooted in qualitative research methodology and feminist inquiry, in general, and in autobiographical self-study, in particular. In my thesis, I draw on Mitchell and Weber's (1999) self-study work which explores using images as memory prompts and as visual texts which can be read, interpreted, and reconstructed. Engaging in my own self-study, I use memory work and the construction and analysis of visual texts as a way to explore women's identity and the ways in which women resist or accommodate the people and systems around them (including, but not limited to, the educational system). Exploring the social construction of women's identity through autobiographical selfstudy and memory work, I blend a variety of tools as a practical approach to creating what I come to regard as my own specific methodology for doing self-study: the creation of a Living Research Wall. Collectively and aesthetically arranged, the image texts create one large, wall-size collage which I use in my analysis and interpretation of women's identity. However, my image texts - my Wall- are not simply research tools and data, but form an artistic creation in and of itself. The Living Research Wall has a life beyond this study. This study has implications for teacher education, reflective practice, curriculum design, and work with students at all levels. I am interested in how this self-study process can have an impact on the field of education, especially on the students (particularly the children and young adults) in our care. Self-study is not just how we look at ourselves as practitioners, but how we see and interpret all aspects of our life. I would argue that the most important thing we "bring into the classroom" is our Self and that it is vital that we have an understanding of who that Self is.


Synonymy is an important yet intricate linguistic feature in the field of lexical semantics. Using the 100 million-word British National Corpus (BNC) as data and the software Sketch Engine (SkE) as analyzing tool, this study examines the usage differences between raise and increase, two synonymous verbs notorious for their complex semantic and syntactic usage patterns. In addition to examining the collocates of the verbs, the study also investigated the syntactic patterns that the verbs typically occupy in the sentence structure and their functional implications. The data analysis yields an informative delineation of the internal semantic structure of the synonym set. The results also show the need for the corpus approach to go beyond collocational analysis in the study of synonymous verbs. The limitations of using SkE to extract and disambiguate synonyms are also addressed. This paper ends by discussing the pedagogical implications that this research may have when the results are introduced into the classroom.


In order to study the correlation between the SNPs of STAM1 gene and growth traits in Guizhou local cattle,a total of 106 Weining cattle were used in this study, moreover, PCR-SSCP and DNA sequencing methods were used to analyze the association between SNP and specific growth traits. Results showed that there was only one SNP site existed in the third intron region of STAM1 gene which named G+31122A, furthermore, various genotypes existed in different animals for the SNP of G+31122A. For the male cattle populations, G+31122A had highly significant effects on chest circumference and hucklebone width(P 0.01), the individuals with homozygote genotype AA had significantly lower mean value than those with GA and GG genotypes. Additionally, for the female cattle populations, G+31122A had significant effect on long body straight(P0.05) and the mean values of GG genotype animals were higher than those of AA genotype individuals. It indicated that G+31122A has directly correlation with the growth performance of Weining cattle.


In this paper, we present a novel technique to transcode VC-1 to H.264 high profile (HP). We use the low frequency AC coefficients to estimate the homogeneity of the block to predict the block transform size and use the magnitude of the motion vectors to help decide transcoding mode for interlaced video. We also analyze the drift error specific to transcoding VC-1 to H.264 and apply this study results to improve final video quality. Implementation of the solution shows that the complexity of the transcoder, when compared to a full-cascaded transcoder, is greatly reduced without a significant loss in peak-signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR).


Flame spraying repair equipment for repairing the wall brick of a carbonization chamber of a coke oven by spraying, comprising a first burner and a second burner each having a powder injection nozzle for injecting spray powder, and a plurality of flamethrower nozzles arranged around the powder nozzle.  First intersections where the throwing axes of flame of respective flamethrower nozzles of the first burner intersect each other are located on the powder injection line of the powder injection nozzle of the first burner.  Second intersections where the throwing axes of flame of respective flamethrower nozzles of the second burner intersect each other are located on the power injection line of the powder injection nozzle of the second burner.  The distance from the powder injection nozzle of the first burner to the first interconnection is longer than the distance from the powder injection nozzle of the second burner to the second interconnection.


Examination of differences of conditions under which these factor score estimates are constructed suggests several possibilities of obtaining new methods of estimates. At first, we consider the kinds of errors which are to be minimized. Thurstone manipulated the discrepancies between the true and estimated factor scores. While, others considered discrepancies between observed scores and scores reproduced by estimated factor scores and loadings. It may be possible to consider the best fit between the reproduced scores and observed scores less their unique portions. According to the basic model (1), we can express our proposition with errors


Colorado Denver Educational Clinic Denver 80236 tfrrry L. Townsend, M.A. aiid Pard D. Kiiott, P1i.D.. Co-Directors 2795 South Lowell Boulevard (303) 934-566 1 Oii Staff: 9 I . D, B-G, 2-Adult, C x F. Br Connecticut Neuro-Educational Evaluation Service Stamford 06902 125 Strawberry Hill Avenue (203) 325-4409 Jeronte S . Resriick, M.D. and Del Eberliardt, M.A., Co-Directors OtiStaff: 2 IT, B-G, C X F, Br


In contrast to its chargeless version the charged Banados, Taitelboim and Zanelli (BTZ) metric in linear Maxwell electromagnetism is known to be singular at r=0. We show, by employing nonlinear electrodynamics that one obtains charged, extension of the BTZ metric with regular electric field. This we do by choosing a logarithmic Lagrangian for the nonlinear electrodynamics. A Theorem is proved on the existence of electric black holes and combining this results with a duality principle disproves the existence of magnetic black holes in 2+1-dimensions.


School renewal is more often than not conceptualised as part of a dichotomy-as the antithesis of school reform. This essay argues that the persistence of dichotomous thinking with respect to school renewal is understandable given historical and prevailing notions regarding the dualistic aims of education. The view is put however, that conceiving renewal as one part of a dichotomy tends to miss the point as to what school renewal is all about. The idea is presented here that a more useful way for conceptualising renewal is to recognise and extrapolate the intellectual basis of the pluralistic notion advanced by Sirotnik (1999) concerning school renewal as an act of personal responsibility. The paper finds that possibly the clearest and most thorough expression of this can be found in the philosophical hermeneutics of the German philosopher Hans-Georg Gadamer (1900-2002) who, at the end of a very long life, declared in a final clarification of the philosophical system he first published in 1960, that " education is self-education " According to logic assayed by others although developed thoroughly by Gadamer, a substantial case can be offered to suggest that school renewal may be the normative condition of educational change.


The purification of hydrometallurgical process solutions by Fe(III) precipitation is a common and large-scale industrial operation. This step is notorious for valuable metal loss occurring with the iron precipitation product, which is usually directed to tailings. In this study, factors affecting Fe(III) precipitation and associated copper loss were studied in synthetic process solutions using statistical methods. The variables studied were: Initial acid concentration, retention time, seed addition, and initial Fe(III), Cu(II), and chloride concentrations. The importance of each variable and its interaction effects were studied against two responses, i.e., percent of Fe(III) precipitated as hematite and percent of Cu lost to solids. The results showed that a combination of high acid and moderate seeding was required to simultaneously achieve high proportions of Fe(III) precipitated as hematite and lower copper loss to the precipitates. High acid concentrations create low supersaturation for Fe(III), which minimizes the consequences of homogeneous nucleation and favors particle growth.


Ionospheric suprathermal photoelectrons have relatively large cross sections for selected energies. In particular, electrons with energies of about 2.5 eV strongly excite nitrogen vibrational modes, while metastable states of oxygen are excited at about 5 eV. Thus an energy distribution based on chemical kinetic considerations gives rise to a maximum at around 4 eV in the F region below 250 km. However, rocket experiments have shown that the expected peaks in the flux spectrum are relatively weak. This discrepancy is explained by the development of a linear instability leading to a wave-particle interaction. The linear mode is driven by the photoelectrons near the 4-eV maximum in the presence of a magnetic field. The effect is shown to be ineffective at sufficiently low altitudes, where collisionless theory fails.


This paper presents a novel ophthamological optical coherence tomography detecting instrument, which we design, and introduces measuring arm emphatically. For glaucoma which is very common in the Orient, this system can achieve both the eyeground detection and the canthus detection. And it combines the cranny lamp's conventional detection with optical coherence tomography. Considering all the system, this design has a longitudinal resolution of 15 um, and a transverse resolution of 20 um at imaging velocity of 4 frames per second.


The use of ferromagnetic nanoparticles for hyperthermia and thermoablation therapies has shown great promise in the field of nanobiomedicine. Even local hyperthermia offers numerous advantages as a novel cancer therapy; however, it requires a remarkably high heating power of more than 1 kW g−1 for heat agents. As a candidate for high heat generation, we focus on ferromagnetic nanoparticles and compare their physical properties with those of superparamagnetic substances. Numerical simulations for ideal single-domain ferromagnetic nanoparticles with cubic and uniaxial magnetic symmetries were carried out and MH curves together with minor loops were obtained. From the simulation, the efficient use of an alternating magnetic field (AMF) having a limited amplitude was discussed. Co-ferrite nanoparticles with various magnitudes of coercive force were produced by co-precipitation and a hydrothermal process. A maximum specific loss power of 420 W g−1 was obtained using an AMF at 117 kHz with H0 = 51.4 kA m−1 (640 Oe). The relaxation behaviour in the ferromagnetic state below the superparamagnetic blocking temperature was examined by Mössbauer spectroscopy.


The Northern Range encompasses the northern portion of YNP at low elevation with minimal snowpack where the northern elk herd spends winters (Yellowstone National Park 1997). Impacts to the ecosystem related to wolf removal and restoration is the subject of significant debate (Yellowstone National Park 1997). When wolves were removed in the early 1900s, elk overconsumed willows and other woody plants along streams, depriving beaver of their food and dam-building materials. Beavers were effectively outcompeted for resources and extirpated from the ecosystem (Chadde & Kay 1991). Beschta and Ripple (2018) suggest that overconsumption of


The most machine vision-oriented industries are metallurgical, food, household chemicals, automotive and mechanical engineering, as well as pharmaceutical production. These are the areas in which there are increased requirements for the quality of products. An important role in increasing the demand for machine vision technologies was also played by the introduction of a national labeling and product tracking system. However, in the space industry, issues related to machine vision have not been fully resolved by non-destructive testing methods. For the first time in Russia, a prototype measuring stereoscopic video endoscope was developed, manufactured and tested. The authors have developed the software that allows obtaining textured three-dimensional models of objects, measure their geometric parameters, estimate the measurement error, calibrate and configure the system. The technical characteristics of the video endoscope have been confirmed at the level of analogues produced by the world's leading manufacturers. A method of designing probe stereoscopic systems has been developed and applied in practice.


We introduced the triple sequence space of Bernstein polynomials χ3 of rough λ− statistical convergence in probability and discuss general properties of among these sequence spaces with respect of Musielak-Orlicz function.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the use of a multidimensional model from the field of media reception for analyzing how a value statement in a Danish windmill company led to employee identification as well as organizational antecedents that influenced this identification. Further, the paper evaluates whether the proposed model can enhance understanding of the study of employee identification in a specific organizational situation and context.Design/methodology/approach – The identification model extends a multidimensional model for media reception originally proposed by Schroder in the field of media reception studies. The proposed model includes the following reception dimensions: comprehension, discrimination, implementation, motivation, and position.Findings – This paper illustrates how employees from a Danish windmill company receive a value statement. A systematic application of the multidimensional model makes it possible to gain detailed insight into the active and complex process...


This guideline is an update of the guideline published in 2008 and, like its previous version, provides guidance for best practice in the diagnosis, management and prevention of viral hepatitis types A, B and C (HAV, HBV and HCV). It is primarily intended for use in UK Genitourinary Medicine (GUM)/Sexual Health settings, but can be applied or adapted for use in other settings where sexually transmitted infection (STI) assessments are undertaken, such as in integrated STI/contraception sexual health services and other specifically commissioned services, including general practice. This guideline is for use by all healthcare professionals (doctors, nurses and health advisers) and for use when dealing with patients who are attending with symptoms that may be attributed to an STI, with concern about STIs, or are requesting screening for STIs. It will also be useful to managers and commissioners of sexual health services in understanding service needs. The purpose of the guideline is to help improve the sexual health of individuals attending sexual health clinics by encouraging high standards of care. The guideline offers recommendations on best practice regarding viral hepatitis for both men and women, including adolescents. The guideline is predominantly based on what a broad range of clinicians believe constitutes reasonable practice, based on best evidence. Evidence is sometimes cited from non-UK sexual health settings and from other settings outside sexual health care where necessary. The recommendations/evidence are graded using the GRADE system (Appendix).


This chapter begins to expose villainy's ambivalent flow between juridical theory and pre-modern literature. In literary-cultural discourse, the villain was the vilain: in other words, it was a commonplace to assert that the low-born, originally called vilains, would exhibit vile and potentially criminal standards of behaviour. This stereotypical alignment of low morality and low status divided French jurist opinion, not least because it entailed profoundly conflicting ideologies of nobility. The chapter ends with a reading of Giovan Battista Nenna's Il Nennio (1542), a fiction with quasi-legal elements that deftly exposes nobility and villainy as a problematic binary in transcultural debates on vera nobilitas (true nobility).


Physiological signals have been widely used to measure continuous data from the autonomic nervous system in the fields of Computer Science, Psychology and Human-Computer Interaction. Signal processing and feature estimation of physiological measurements can be performed with several commercial tools. Unfortunately, those tools possess a steep learning curve and do not usually allow for complete customization of estimation parameters. For these reasons, we designed PySiology, an open source package for the estimation of features from physiological signals, suitable for both novice and expert users. This package provides clear documentation of utilized methodology, guided functionalities for semi-automatic feature estimation and options for extensive customization. In this article, a brief introduction to the features of the package, and to its design workflow, are presented. To demonstrate the usage of the package in a real-world context, an advanced example of image valence estimation from physiological measurements (ECG, EMG, and EDA) is described. Preliminary tests have shown high reliability of features estimated using PySiology.


The article is
dedicated to the management of internal mammary artery spasm intra- and postoperatively
based on the accumulated evidence in the literature. It provides a stepwise
decision algorithm for safely resolving the spasm and prevention of relapse.


This executive order by Governor Carroll A. Campbell, Jr. orders that an election for county council be held in Marlboro County.


A total of 310 blood smears were collected from sheep of the Livestock Experiment Station, Qadirabad, Sahiwal district, Pakistan, and surrounding areas. The samples were examined microscopically and 30 (9.67%) were positive for babesiosis. The animals were divided into two groups (A and B) for chemotherapy. Group A sheep were treated with diminazene diaceturate while group B animals received imidocarb dipropionate. Drug efficacy was determined by negative blood smear examination. Diminazene diaceturate effectiveness against babesiosis was 80% while that of imidocarb dipropionate was 100%. Hematological studies revealed a significant decrease in hemoglobin concentrations and hematocrit values for Babesia-positive animals compared to healthy controls.


A highly efficient 18F‐labeling synthon for universal protein labeling is reported. Diverse 18F‐labeled proteins of 66–144 kDa were prepared with [18F]SiFA‐isothiocyanate synthesized by an isotopic 19F for 18F exchange at the silicon atom. Overall preparative radiochemical yields were 20–40 % after 40–50 min. No bone uptake of 18F radioactivity was detected until 90 min post‐injection of 18F‐SiFA‐RSA; this demonstrates the metabolic stability of the [18F]SiFA moiety.


A novel method is reported for stabilising an actively modelocked Er-doped fibre laser by controlling its cavity length to suppress the relaxation oscillation RF power of the laser output. This RF power is a good measure of laser instability. With this method, the RF power ratio between modelocking frequency and background noise is kept to more than 70 dB, and stable bit-error-free operation at 6.3 GHz is realised for over 6 hr. >


s: 1. Darrah TH, Campbell ME, Rinderknecht AL, Stodgell CJ, Walker CK, Szabo S, Leuthner S, Miller RK. Validation of ICP-MS for the quantitative analysis of traditional and emergine environmental toxic and nutritional metals in human placenta from the National Children's Study. Birth Defects Research A 94:384, 2012. 2. AL Siebert, M Bushway, S Gerber, P Katzman, RK Miller, EM Lord, SP Murphy. Visualizing the Early Human Placental Vasculature Using Whole Mount vs Classical Immunohistochemistry (IHC). Birth Defects Research A 94:333, 2012. 3. J Sanderink, P Garcia Pulido, A Penmetsa, R Domalski, B. Tisdale, AL Rinderknecht, RK Miller. Bisphenol A and Early Human Placenta In Vitro as Model for Implantation, Birth Defects Research A 94:321, 2012. 4. CJ Stodgell, RK Miller, A Penmetsa, L Ruffolo, T Busch, J Rigdon, C Walker, S Szabo, S Leuthner, JC Murray. Gene Expression In the Human Placenta As a Function of Time: A National Children's Study Formative Research Project. Birth Defects Research A 94:381, 2012. 5. RK Miller, CJ Stodgell, PJ Katzman, A Friedman, AL Rinderknecht, L Hoffman, L Salamone, LI Ruffolo, A Penmetsa, P Weidenborner, K Aagaard-Tillery, J Culhane S Wadlinger, M Pacholski, MAKent, L Green, R Wapner, C Torres, J Perou, S Leuthner, S Szabo, P Landrigan, J Chen, L Lambertini, L Littman, P Sheffield, A Golden, J Gilbert, C Lendor, S Allen, K Mantilla, Y Ma, CM Salafia, JL Dalton, D Misra, N Thiex, K Gutzman, A Martin, B Specker, CK Walker, J Swanson, C Holliday, J Butler, A LI, RMAP S Dassanayake, J Nanes, Y Xia, JC Murray, TD Busch, J Rigdon, TH Darrah, E Campbell, N Dole, J Thorp, B Eucker, C Bell, EB Clark, MW Varner, E Taggart, J Billy, S Stradling, J Leavitt, W Bell, S Waterfall, B O'Brien, M Layton, D Todd, K Wilson, MS Durkin, M-N Sandoval. Field Experience: Use of the Human Placenta as a Biomarker for Environmental Exposures, Epigenetic and Morphological Assessments in the National Children's Study (NCS), Birth Defects Research A 94:383, 2012. 6. T Girardi, CM Salafia, YY Li, J Dalton, D Misra, PJ Katzman, LI Ruffolo, A Penmetsa, RK Miller, CJ Stodgell, J Culhane S Wadlinger, M Pacholski, MA Kent, L Green, R Wapner, C Torres, J Perou, S Leuthner, L Littman, J Gilbert, C Lendor, S Allen, K Mantilla, N Thiex, K Gutzman, A Martin, B Specker, J Swanson, C Holliday, J Butler, N Dole, J Thorp, B Eucker, C Bell, EB Clark, MW Varner, E Taggart, J Billy, J Anderson, S Stradling, J Leavitt, W Bell, S Waterfall, B O'Brien, M Layton, D Todd, K Wilson, MS Durkin, M-N Sandoval. How to Slice the Placental Disk One-ProtocolFits-All or a Specimen-Specific Approach? Birth Defects Research A 94:376, 2012. 7. YY Li, CM Salafia, PT Getreuer, D Misra, PJ Katzman, LI Ruffolo, A Penmetsa, RK Miller, CJ Stodgell, J Culhane S Wadlinger, M Pacholski, MA Kent, L Green, R Wapner, C Torres, J Perou, S Leuthner, L Littman, J Gilbert, C Lendor, S Allen, K Mantilla, N Thiex, K Gutzman, A Martin, B Specker, J Swanson, C Holliday, J Butler, N Dole, J Thorp, B Eucker, C Bell, EB Clark, MW Varner, E Taggart, J Billy, J Anderson, S Stradling, J Leavitt, W Bell, S Waterfall, B O'Brien, M Layton, D Todd, K Wilson, MS Durkin, M-N Sandoval. Fresh Versus Formalin Fixed Human Placentae: Does Preservation Affect Chorionic Plate Measures? Birh Defects Research A 94:377, 2012. 8. PT Getreuer, CM Salafia, A Shalakhter, YY Li, D Misra, j Dalton, D Misra, PJ Katzman, LI Ruffolo, A Penmetsa, RK Miller, CJ Stodgell, J Culhane S Wadlinger, M Pacholski, MA Kent, L Green, R Wapner, C Torres, J Perou, S Leuthner, L Littman, J Gilbert, C Lendor, S Allen, K Mantilla, N Thiex, K Gutzman, A Martin, B Specker, J Swanson, C Holliday, J Butler, N Dole, J Thorp, B Eucker, C Bell, EB Clark, MW Varner, E Taggart, J Billy, J Anderson, S Stradling, J Leavitt, W Bell, S Waterfall, B O'Brien, M Layton, D Todd, K Wilson, MS Durkin, M-N Sandoval. The Chorionic Surface Vascular Network in Human Placentae: What can be Measured and Does It Matter? Birth Defects Research A 94:377, 2012. 9. B Fury, K O'Donnell, G Kennedy, RK Miller, CJ Stodgell, AL Rinderknecht, S Szabo, S Pontow, CK Walker. Minimal Processing and Early Cryopreservation of Neonatal Placental and Umbilical Cord Samples for Mesenchymal Stem Cell Archiving – NCS Project 2-18. Birth Defects Research A 94:378, 2012. 10. D Misra, CM Salafia, PT Getreuer, YY Li, PJ Katzman, LI Ruffolo, A Penmetsa, RK Miller, CJ Stodgell, J Culhane S Wadlinger, M Pacholski, MA Kent, L Green, R Wapner, C Torres, J Perou, S Leuthner, L Littman, J Gilbert, C Lendor, S Allen, K Mantilla, N Thiex, K Gutzman, A Martin, B Specker, J Swanson, C Holliday, J Butler, N Dole, J Thorp, B Eucker, C Bell, EB Clark, MW Varner, E Taggart, J Billy, J Anderson, S Stradling, J Leavitt, W Bell, S Waterfall, B O'Brien, M Layton, D Todd, K Wilson, MS Durkin, M-N Sandoval Cost-Effective, Reproducible, and Reliable Automated Diagnosis of Intraamniotic Infection for Population Based Research from Placentae in the National Children's Study. Birth Defects Research A 94:388, 2012. 11. CM Salafia, T Girardi, JL Dalton, D Misra, PJ Katzman, LI Ruffolo, A Penmetsa, RK Miller, CJ Stodgell, J Culhane S Wadlinger, M Pacholski, MA Kent, L Green, R Wapner, C Torres, J Perou, S Leuthner, L Littman, J Gilbert, C Lendor, S Allen, K Mantilla, N Thiex, K Gutzman, A Martin, B Specker, J Swanson, C Holliday, J Butler, N Dole, J Thorp, B Eucker, C Bell, EB Clark, MW Varner, E Taggart, J Billy, J Anderson, S Stradling, J Leavitt, W Bell, S Waterfall, B O'Brien, M Layton, D Todd, K Wilson, MS Durkin, M-N Sandoval. Measuring Placentas: A Comparison of the National Collaborative Perinatal Project and the National Childrens' Study, 50 Years of Progress. Birth Defects Research A 94:387, 2012. 12. RMAP S Dassanayake, J Nanes, Y Xia, RK Miller, CJ Stodgell, AL Rinderknecht, S Szabo, S Leuthner, CK Walker, A Li. Persistent and Bioaccumulative Environmental Organic Pollutants in Human Placenta: National Children's Study Placental Pilot Study. Birth Defects Research A 94:386, 2012. 13. LL Hoffman, JD Lapek, RK Miller, AL Rinderknecht, CJ Stodgell, LL Ruffolo, CK Walker, S Szabo, L Leuthner, AE Friedman . Bisphenol-A: Ultra-Sensitive Detection by MRM LC-MS/MS in Human Placentae from the National Children's Study. Birth Defects Research A 94:384, 2012. 14. MA Suter, RA Harris, RK Miller, CJ Stodgell, AL Rinderknecht, J Swanson, CK Walker, S Szabo, S Leuthner, KM Aagaard-Tillery. Next Generation Epigenomics and Transcriptomics In the National Children's Study (NCS). Birth Defects Research A 94:382, 2012. 15. L Lambertini, S Teitelbaum, Y Ma, L Littman, P Landrigan, CJ Stodgell, RK Miller, L Salamone, C Marsit, CK Walker, S Szabo, S Leuthner, J Chen. Lab Experience: Measuring Genomic Imprinting Status and MicroRNA Expression in Human Placentas of the National Children's Study (NCS). Birth Defects Resarch A 94:382, 2012. 16. CK Walker, B Fury, K O'Donnell, G Kennedy, RK Miller, CJ Stodgell, AL Rinderknecht, S Szaho, S Pontow The Effects of Time and Temperature on Neonatal Hematopoietic and Mesenchymal Stem Cell Populations – NCS Project 2-18. Birth Defects A 94:380, 2012. Shawn P. Murphy, Ph.D. 1. Katzman PJ, Murphy SP, Oble DA. Immunohistochemical analysis reveals an influx of regulatory T-cells and focal STAT-1 phosphorylation in chronic villitis of unknown etiology. Pediatric and Developmental Pathology. 2011:14(4):284-93. Katrina F. Nicandri, M.D. 1. Katrina F. Nicandri, M.D. "Review of Current Cervical Cancer Screening Guidelines, Case #975C." The University of Rochester Medical Center, Peri-FACTS Education Program (2012). 2012; 8.


Nonmedical use of prescription drugs (NMPDU) is a global health concern. The extent of, behaviors and emotions associated with, and reasons for NMPDU are not well-captured through traditional instruments such as surveys, prescribing databases and insurance claims. Therefore, this study analyses ~130 million public posts from 87,718 Twitter users in terms of expressed emotions, sentiments, concerns, and potential reasons for NMPDU via natural language processing. Our results show that users in the NMPDU group express more negative emotions and less positive emotions, more concerns about family, the past and body, and less concerns related to work, leisure, home, money, religion, health and achievement, compared to a control group (i.e., users who never reported NMPDU). NMPDU posts tend to be highly polarized, indicating potential emotional triggers. Gender-specific analysis shows that female users in the NMPDU group express more content related to positive emotions, anticipation, sadness, joy, concerns about family, friends, home, health and the past, and less about anger, compared to males. The findings of the study can enrich our understanding of NMPDU.


During the last decade, electrochemical exfoliation of graphite has aroused great interest from both academia and industry for mass production of graphene sheets. Electrochemically exfoliated graphene oxide (EGO) features a much better tunability than chemically EGO, or even than graphene obtained with ultrasonic exfoliation. Chemical and electrical properties of EGO can be modified extensively, thanks to its step-controllable oxidation process, varying the electrolytes and/or the applied potential. It is thus possible, using tunable electrochemical oxidation, to produce low-defect EGO sheets, featuring both good electric conductivity and good dispersibility in common solvents (e.g., acetonitrile or isopropanol). This greatly facilitates its application in several fields, for example, in flexible electronics. In this work, we correlate the dispersion behavior of EGO with its chemical properties using the relative Hansen solubility parameter, zeta potential values, X-ray photoemission spectroscopy, and Raman analysis. A surface morphology study by atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy analyses also reveals that EGO sheets are multiple structures of (partially oxidized) graphene bilayers. Conductive EGO films could be easily prepared by vacuum filtration on different substrates, obtaining electrical conductivity values of up to ∼104 S/m with no need for further reduction procedures.


The payment means of the Japanese highway are the electronic toll collection system (ETC) and cash. If the ETC utilization rate increases, the cash utilization rate decreases necessarily. Even if the cash utilization rates decreases, the rates do not become to 0%. Therefore, highway agencies must always deploy toll collecting staffs in collecting booths. The authors arrange an automatic collecting machine in substitution for a collecting booth and aim at zero staff of collection to push forward promotion of efficiency of the toll collection. Customers pay tolls in collecting machines by themselves. The problem in the case is that the operating time becomes longer (operating time is what is necessary seconds for collecting toll). The possible solution is to introduce electronic money in the Japan highway payment firstly.


An gamma-ray spectrometer system was given based on the LabVIEW platform.The hardware is achieved,uniting the multi-channel pulse amplitude analysis and spectrometer analysis,using the VI technology.The software design process of the system and the key technology is discussed.The performance testing of the system is analysed too.This study indicates that computerization of gammar-ray spectrometer is available.


Effect of different heat treatments on the lattice structure, microstructure and superconductivity of the C15 phase materials: V 2 Hf, V 2 Hf .51 Nb .49 and V 2 Hf .51 Nb .21 Ti .28 are investigated. X-ray, optical microscopy and SEM investigations show the distribution of C15 phase filaments (10-25μ) in a bcc matrix for the V 2 Hf .51 Nb .49 and V 2 Hf .51 Nb .21 Ti .28 materials. The composition of the filaments is sensitive to heat treatment and the maximum ratio of V to Hf, Nb and Ti atoms is obtained after annealing the V 2 Hf .51 Nb .21 Ti .28 at (1200°C;6h). T c increases and the Vicker's hardness decreases after the substition of Nb and Ti for the Hf in V 2 Hf compound. Maximum T c and H c2 (8K) values of 9.76K and 9.4 Tesla are also observed for the annealed (1200°C;6h) V 2 Hf .51 Nb .21 Ti .28 alloy. Anomalies in (R vs. T) and ( \chi_{m} vs. T) curves are observed for the homogeneous V 2 Hf (annealed 900°C;70h) at ∼ 130K and 150K respectively, whereas multifilamentary annealed (900°C;70h) V 2 Hf .51 Nb .49 and V 2 Hf .51 Nb .21 Ti .28 do not show such anomalies. T c values of annealed (900°C;70h) V 2 Hf, V 2 Hf .51 Nb .49 and V 2 Hf .51 Nb .21 Ti .28 are 8.89K, 9.07 and 9.71K respectively. It is concluded that for these alloys the lattice instability is microstructure dependent and does not influence the superconducting parameters.


The research of visualization will be carried out in the aspects of parameters distribution, dynamic history matching and geological models and numerical simulation of reservoirs respectively. In terms of the research on reservoir parameters, we can improve the accuracy of the prediction through comparing, analyzing and modeling the data of old wells and the secondary explained data. As to dynamic history matching and numerical simulation, by combination of dynamic and statistic methods, we can modify the deficiency of the traditional method. As for geological modeling, we can utilize the characters of logging responses and current mathematical theory to establish modeling. Only by combination of the dynamic and static methods, we can achieve actual visualization of oil-field development.


The purpose of this study was the design of a curricular model for the undergraduate preparation of Texas high school coaches. The model was based on the perceptions of Texas coaches concerning the adequacy of their professional preparation. The issue of a state certification for coaching was also examined.


"From 2008-2011, the GPA was usually only in the range of 2.71-2.79, but this year there is a quite drastic increase, reaching 2.95. This means that the high school students admitted into IPB in 2011 was really outstanding students," said Rector. In addition, according to him, the applicants deciding to enrol at IPB as the first choice through the Invitation of National Selection of State University (SNMPTN) also increased from 9295 (in 2011) to 9910 (year 2012). This also occurred in the written exam of SNMPTN, from 15 111 (in 2011) to 17 964 (2012). "What is even more of our pride is the level of competitiveness in the written SNMPTN in 2012 for the IPA group, at which IPB is of the first rangking. In other words, each applicant taking the exam must compete with 20 other participants to get into IPB, "he said.


Objective:To study the correlation between the changes of serum level of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)and serum lipid level in patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS). Methods:Fifty OSAHS patients were confirmed by polysomnoprouphy(PSG),thirty healthy subjects were rescruited as the control group.The serum levels of VEGF、TG、TC、HDL-C、LDL-C were measured.OSAHS patients were divided into three groups according to light, medium and serious AHI.Results:The serum levels of VEGF、TG、TC、LDL-C in the above three groups were increased significantly compared with the control group(P0.05,P0.01,P0.001)especially in the serious group,while HDL-C was reduced significantly(P0.05,P0.01);The serum level of VEGF was positively correlated to TG、TC、LDL-C(r= 0.542、0.795、0.854,P0.05,P0.01),was negatively correlated to HDL-C(r=-0.781,P0.01).Conclusion:The serum level of VEGF increased significantly in OSAHS patients,the changes were a close correlation between the serum lipid level and VEGF.


This paper analyses the relationship between income per capita and entrepreneurship, defined as the number of limited liability firms per 1000 active persons, registered in a country in one year. Using data on Africa and other regions, the paper finds that the relationship between entrepreneurship and income per capita is U-shaped and identifies an income threshold estimated at $7300 above which income per capita is associated with increasing entrepreneurship. This result is interpreted in the light of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory. Ceteris paribus, at low levels of income per capita, entrepreneurs establish firms as a survival strategy as they do not have access to well-paid employment. As incomes rise up to the $7300 threshold, the need to engage in necessity entrepreneurship declines. Paid employment provides higher risk-adjusted income than survival entrepreneurship. Beyond the threshold, high level of income per capita allows people who would otherwise be in paid employment to become creative, independent, and take more risk by choosing to engage in entrepreneurship. This paper differs from previous studies on the subject as it adopts a different definition of entrepreneurship, uses a large sample of developing countries, and adopts a quantitative approach rarely used in this literature. This analysis is relevant for policymaking in Africa and developing countries in general where countries are at different levels of income and require different policies in order to foster entrepreneurship and job creation.


This paper introduce the presence of heavy metals contamination currently, explain the mechanisms of plant combining with microbe and the situation between plant and special bacteria or plant and fungi, meanwhile predict the prospect of its investigation.


Focus group discussion is an exploratory research technique used to collect data through group interaction. This technique provides the opportunity to observe interaction among participants on a topic under this study. This paper contributes to an understanding on the cyber terrorism conceptual framework through the analysis of focus group discussion. The proposed cyber terrorism conceptual framework which was obtained during the qualitative study by the authors has been used as a basis for discussion in the focus group discussion. Thirty (30) participants took part in the focus group discussion. The overall results suggest that the proposed cyber terrorism framework is acceptable by the participants. The present study supports our initial research that the cyber terrorism conceptual framework constitutes the following components: target, motivation, tools of attack, domain, methods of attack and impact.


The Compact Disc mechanism is a mass produced device in which the controller has to meet high performance specifications, even in the presence of modelling errors or system variations. H, robust control theory gives a promising framework to design such high performance robust controllers. Unfortunately, the present day widely used H, theory based on Algebraic Riccati Equations (A R E S) gives full order controllers which are hard to implement in practice. Recently, a new solution for the H, control problem has been derived based on Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMIs). Because each L M I problem has a convex solution set, we can solve an L M I problem by numerical methods for convex optimization. These methods have become well developed during the last decade. From theory, the primal-dual potential reduction method is known to be very efficient provided that feasible starting points are available. In practice this method suffers from the problem of finding a dual feasible starting point. It is experienced that various methods for convex optimization can be implemented in exactly the same basic steps. In near future the commercial package LMIlab w i l l be available. This package solves L M I problems in acceptable CPU times and provides a user friendly interface. The L M I solution to the H, control problem consists of three LMIs and one non convex rank condition. For full order controller design we may skip the rank condition and the whole solution becomes convex. In practice, a comparison of the ARE approach and the L M I approach learns that the required CPU times for the ARE approach are much shorter. but the CPTJ times in the L M I approach still are acceptable. O n it's turn, the L M I approach yields much better conditioned intermediate solutions. Finally, both the ARE and the L M I approach yield controllers with identical characteristics. The solution to the fixed order H, control problem is non convex due to the rank condition. In literature one is fairly optimistic with respect to this problem of non convexity. In this report we propose three new approaches which all are based on the equivalence between a fixed order H, control problem and an enlarged static H, control problem. T h e first two approaches try to solve the problem in a L M I setting, the third approach brings the whole problem in …


In English, there are two superficially distinct nominalizations targeting verbal projections; process nominals targeting the VP (Borer 1999, Fu, Roeper and Borer 2001), and progressive gerunds targeting the vP, or the IP (Moulton 2004). While the two types of nominalizations are headed by two distinct types of nominal heads, they are products of similar syntactic operations in that the verbal sub-structures appear as complements of the nominal heads. In this paper, I argue that Korean also has two types of deverbal nominals and that they are both products of similar syntactic operations, taking the verbal sub-structures as the complements of the nominal heads; o-nominalization targeting the VP and um-nominalization targeting the vP, or the IP. I argue that simple nominal verbal nouns (VNs) possess the VP (contva Yoon and Park 2004) and that they are nominalized by a phonologically null nominal head, while um-nominalizations target vP or IP of VNs and native Korean predicates (NKPs). The fact that some VP internal adverbial modifications are possible in VNs supports the claim that even simple nominal VNs possess verbal sub-structures.


We present a symmetry-adapted Lanczos method that uses projection operators to calculate energy levels with different symmetries from a single sequence of matrix–vector products. Compared with the conventional Lanczos method, this method has the advantage that energy levels are computed more efficiently and with symmetry labels. High-lying stretching energy levels of a coupled Morse oscillator Hamiltonian describing 28SiH4 are calculated to demonstrate the advantage of the symmetry-adapted method.


To study the efficacy and side effects of antitumor drug by the method of Raman spectroscopy, the cancerous (SGC-7901) and normal (GES-1) gastric cells were treated with 0, 25-, 100-, and 200-mg/L 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) for 24 h, respectively, then Raman spectra of cells were recorded. The excitation wavelength was 514.5 nm and the Raman spectra in the region of 500-1800 cm-1 were recorded. For the gastric cancer cells, as the concentration of 5-Fu increases, the band at 1094 cm-1 attributed to the symmetric stretching vibration mode of PO-2 in the DNA backbone gradually decreases, and the intensity ratio of the band at 1315 cm-1 to that at 1340 cm-1 (I1315/I1340) shows the ascending trend, and the ratio of the band area at 1655 cm-1 to that at 1450 cm-1 (A1655/A1450) shows the slight ascending trend. For the normal gastric cells, these peaks also appear changes, however, the changes are weaker than those for the cancer cells. In SGC-7901 cells, 5-Fu can interfere with the DNA synthesis and result in the reduction of the DNA content. Besides, it can affect the unsaturation degree of the hydrocarbon chains and alter the external environment of guanine and adenine residues in cancer cells. The changes of Raman spectra for normal gastric cells reveal the side effect of 5-Fu.


The goal of the project is to design an interactive
installation for the governmental building of
Jayapura, the capital of West Papua, Indonesia. In
cooperation with universities, the government, a
producer of solar panels and WWF – Indonesia,
a project is set up, in which solar panels are
placed on the roof of the governmental building
and provides the building from this clean energy.
Because the visitors are not able to see anything
of this project, an installation has to be designed
to communicate the solar panels to the visitors
of the governmental building. Two students from
Holland have visited the city and investigated
the culture, location and technical possibilities.
Based on these findings ideas are generated
which are converted in four main concepts.
The highlights of these concepts are combined
together to design a final concept: An installation
in which multiple people should 'work' together
to create a healthy city, which is animated on
a screen on the wall. The working together is
translated in turning on lights by touching the
right part of information. These lights drive solar
panels to generate energy, which stimulate the
image on the screen to change. This concept
has been elaborated, specified and processed
in model. Based on this model the interactions
of the installation are tested. Based on these,
as well as the experiences of building the model
and interviewing people about the product,
conclusions are drawn and recommendations are
done. Once optimized a manual is send to Papua,
in combination with the electrical equipment.
Both the manual is written and added to the
appendix and the electrical equipment is
connected and the software is written. These
should be adapted to the changes that will
be made based on the recommendations.


Archean terranes are important from an economic viewpoint because they host world-class Archean orogenic gold, paleoplacer gold, VHMS, komatiite-associated Ni-Cu, and enriched BIF iron ores; world-class post-Archean intrusion-related PGE-Ni-Cu, IOCG, and diamond deposits; and a variety of regolith-related deposits, such as bauxite, nickeliferous laterite, and beach sands. Many other ore provinces, such as Carlin and those containing most giant nickel districts, are sited adjacent to Archean cratonic margins. Archean terranes are also natural laboratories in which to answer some of the fundamental questions concerning processes that operated during the early evolution of our planet, when the first continental crust formed in what was, undoubtedly, a hotter and more primitive Earth. These questions include the nature of processes operating within the mantle, the nature of early lithosphere, and the processes of formation, stabilization, and preservation of continents as related to the geodynamic processes …


Scholarship on Wordsworth has long been concerned with the relationship between his poetry and his politics. Poetics and Politics contributes significantly to the ongoing discussion by breaking through the either-or assumption that underwrites most theses. Dr. Liu focuses on the poetry of Wordsworth in the late 1790s and the early 1800s, exploring both his critique of a heroic model of political interventionism and his promotion of an egalitarian model of poet-reader cooperation. In the context of Wordsworth's crisis of belief, this study shows how his poetic innovations constituted his daring and brilliant revaluation of his political commitment.


Due to the improved receiver sensitivity and wavelength selectivity, coherent detection became an attractive alternative to direct detection in inter-satellite laser communications. A novel method to coherent detection of position errors information is proposed. Coherent communication system generally consists of receive telescope, local oscillator, optical hybrid, photoelectric detector and optical phase lock loop (OPLL). Based on the system composing, this method adds CCD and computer as position error detector. CCD captures interference pattern while detection of transmission data from the transmitter laser. After processed and analyzed by computer, target position information is obtained from characteristic parameter of the interference pattern. The position errors as the control signal of PAT subsystem drive the receiver telescope to keep tracking to the target. Theoretical deviation and analysis is presented. The application extends to coherent laser rang finder, in which object distance and position information can be obtained simultaneously.


There is experimental and computational evidence that some important properties such as electrical conductivity and ferroelectricity in the CaTiO3 crystal change according to the dopant states. Using an INDO quantum-chemical computational method modified for crystal calculations we explore the stability of the La-doped CaTiO3 crystal in both phases, cubic and orthorhombic. The calculations are carried out by means of the supercell model based on the LUC (large unit cell) approach as it is implemented into the CLUSTERD computer code. The equilibrium geometry for impurity is found together with the crystalline lattice distortions. Atomic displacements and relaxation energies are analyzed in a comparative manner for the two crystallographic phases. A new effect of electron transfer from the local one-electron energy level within the band-gap to the conduction band is observed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2002


ABSTRACT This article tests the waters concerning a possible integration of Gurwitsch's theory of consciousness into 4E research. More specifically, it is suggested that radical embodied approaches can benefit from Gurwitsch's distinction between theme, thematic field and margin in order to methodically grasp how contextual and attentional factors can modulate affordance perception. On the other hand, Gurwitsch's choice to locate the awareness of embodiment (most of the time) in the domain of the margin can generate important theoretical problems in light of empirical evidence often brought up by situated cognition researchers. Following Gallagher's suggestion that phenomenology and cognitive science can enlighten each other, I argue that Gurwitsch's notion of a field of consciousness can be an invaluable tool for research on affordances. Nonetheless, at the same time, the results of embodied cognitive science should lead us to revisit some of his intuitions regarding the role of bodily awareness.


Objective To explore the contributing factors to Social Avoidance and Distress (SAD)in college students, and to provide basis for college students' mental health education and counselling.Methods One thousand and forty college students were assessed with Social Avoidance and Distress Scale , SPSS was used data analysis, its influencing factors were analyzed by using a multiple correlation/regression analysis.Results There were significant differences between SAD and NLES, T AI, TSBI, TCSQ and SSRS(p0.05). Logistic analysis indicated that Self esteem, negative coping styles, social support and trait anxiety had great influence on Social Avoidance and Distress.Conclusion Healthy personality and social competence of college students should be developed.


The enthalpies of transfer of 3-chloro-, 3-nitro-, and 3-t-butyl-phenol and their 3,5-disubstituted analogues from the gas phase to aqueous solution are reported together with the corresponding free energies and entropies of transfer for 3-nitro-, 3,5-dinitro-, 3-t-butyl-, and 3,5-di-t-butyl-phenol. The results support previous conclusions that the entropies of ionization of phenols in water are not solely explicable in terms of the electronic effects of ring substituents on the hydration of phenoxide anions. The hydration of the neutral phenols must also be considered and in some cases becomes the predominant factor influencing the effect of substituents on entropies of ionization. Contrary to current theories the solvent ordering effect of phenoxide anions does not always become weaker if substituents are replaced by other substituents which withdraw electronic charge more strongly from the ring position at which the phenoxide oxygen is sited.


Problem 1. A group of students attends three kinds of classes: art classes, biology classes, and chemistry classes1. It is known that in this group 11 take an art class, 8 take biology, and 4 take chemistry. Some students attend more than one class. Four students take both art and biology, two take both art and chemistry, two take biology and chemistry, and one person attends all three classes. How many students are there taking at least one class?


Background: Health seeking behaviour is an important factor in health management becomes relevant among under-privileged populations like urban slums, tribal populations. The objective of the study was to find out health seeking behavior and its determinants among attendees at Urban Health Center Dharavi, Mumbai. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted among 400 attendees of General OPD at Urban Health Center, Dharavi, Mumbai by systematic random sampling from Jan. to Aug. 2015. The predesigned, pretested semi structured questionnaire was administered among them after their valid informed consent. Results: The mean age was 36.44(+/-14.10 SD) years, >3/4 th were married, Muslims were dominating and belonged to socio economic class III and IV. Though they may have to purchase medicines from outsides almost all had trust in government health facility hence visiting this center. According to their perceptions about their own health, only 34% thought of healthy currently. More than 3/4 th preferred government hospital in case of major illness while during minor illness home remedies due to trust in the health care services offered by them. Conclusions: It is essential to carry out health awareness measures so as to reduce acute respiratory tract illness in that area and reduce time gap between symptom and health care services availed.


A multi-threaded application is one which is capable of performing several tasks concurrently. This work describes the design and implementation of a user-level multi-thread extension to an environment for statistical data analysis based on the interactive, persistent, functional language S. These user-level threads are structured to utilize low level threads, native to the operating system. We outline some of the possible uses of this threaded environment in both single and multiple-processor machines and discuss extensions to the work which will allow the use of a network of machines for distributed computing. The implementations of user and internal functionality based on threads with other approaches are contrasted. We describe the programming interface to both the user level threads and synchronization mechanism. Finally, we outline the design of the internal structures that control the run-time behavior of these threads.
The work here represents low level primitive facilities for an environment such as S to support threads. The ideas can be generalized to other languages such as Matlab, Xlisp-Stat, etc. Also, future work can capitalize on these primitives to further simplify the development of threaded algorithms and applications. These primitives have been implemented in the newest version of the S environment and language created by Lucent Technologies, Bell Labs Innovations.


THE SIMPSONS AND THEIR MATHEMATICAL SECRETS by Simon Singh Bloomsbury, New York, 2013,253 pp. ISBN: 978-1-620040-277-1In his book. The Simpsons and their Mathematical Secrets, Simon Singh discusses the role that mathematics plays in the popular and longrunning TV series, The Simpsons, as well as in the sister series, Futurama, a parody of science fiction.As Singh points out, in addition to humor, many of the shows in the two series also contain considerable intellectual content. The strong mathematics connection is described in one of my favorite lines in the book: "All these philosophers, psychologists, theologians, and politicians have missed the primary subtext of the world's favorite TV series. The truth is that many of the writers of The Simpsons are deeply in love with numbers, and their ultimate desire is to drip-feed morsels of mathematics into the subconscious minds of viewers." (p. 2)From major themes in the plot to short-lived background material in both series, the book chronicles many of these mathematical references. Singh also explains in considerable detail the backgrounds of the writers who joyfully include mathematics in the scripts. Several writers for both of these series have B.S., M.S, and Ph.D. degrees in mathematics or computer science. Of course, much of the mathematics- and science-based intellectual philosophy comes from the shows' creator and co-producer, cartoonist Matt Groening.Singh focuses on episodes that contain considerable mathematics, either in the story line or in the background. The very first episode of The Simpsons, "Bart the Genius," is one of these and even contains a calculus scene, a topic that frequently recurs. In another math-filled portrayal, in one of the annual Halloween episodes entitled "Tree House of Horror VI", Singh writes: "In one sequence alone, there is a tribute to history's most elegant equation, a joke that only works if you know about Fermat's last theorem, and a reference to a $1 million mathematics problem. All of this is embedded within a narrative that explores the complexities of higherdimensional geometry." (p. 3) Other recurring themes include n, e, infinity, prime numbers, perfect numbers, math puzzles, number basis, network graphs, fractals, sabermetrics, square roots, and the Pythagorean Theorem. And perhaps even more prevalent are the many references to mathematical history and biography. There is plenty of interesting mathematics in these comedic and popular TV shows.Futurama is probably more mathematical than The Simpsons because its co-producer, David Cohen, has a strong interest and background in mathematics. …


The tests in 2.4m transonic wind tunnel on the high alpha setup and tests technology with two models,including the CT-1 model and an advanced fighter model, are introduced in this paper. The results have better consistency and the same precision with those of other wind tunnels at home and abroad, indicating that the high alpha setup and the research technology of 2.4m transonic wind tunnel are successful.


The Arabic-speaking environment has an important role in the development of science and student learning materials in the classroom. The lack of extracurricular activities that can support the ability of students to form an Arabic-speaking environment and the low tendency of students to Arabic, even many of them have the impression that learning Arabic is more difficult than learning other foreign languages, are factors of the problem. in the development of the Arabic language of students. In addition, the concern of an educator who is limited to learning in the classroom, without paying attention to the habituation of Arabic in his environment, is a separate problem factor in the habit of speaking Arabic. With this background, the author is interested in researching Arabic language habituation programs that can form students' habits of speaking Arabic easily. The focus of the research is on Islamic boarding schools; namely MTs Pesantren Al-Ma'tuq Sukabumi. In this study, the author uses a type of qualitative research, namely by collecting data obtained from observations, interviews, documentation, analysis, field notes. Researchers perform data analysis by multiplying information, looking for relationships to various sources, comparing, and finding results on the basis of actual data. After doing the research, the results obtained: the concept of the Arabic language habituation program at MTs Pondok Pesantren Al-Ma'tuq. This started from the purpose of Arabic language habituation, the planning process, activity programs, and evaluation techniques for evaluating activity programs. This study recommends educational institutions and educators to implement Arabic language habituation programs for students in the school environment.


This is descriptive study undertaken to study causes and incidence of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in term neonates who received phototherapy in Kamphaengsaen hospital. Data of term infants born in Kamphaengsaen hospital between October 1, 2009 - March 31, 2010 with hyperbilirubinemia indicated for phototherapy were collected. Baseline characteristics, physical examination and investigations were recorded. Of 467 neonates, there were 114 term infants with significant hyperbilirubinemia requiring phototherapy (24.4%). The causes of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in term infants who received phototherapy were mostly unidentified (91.1%). Most cases presented jaundice at the average age of 3.3 days. Physicians should observe hyperbilirubinemia in term newborns during the first 3-4 days. Keyword : neonatal hyperbilirubinemia


In order to clarify the reaction mechanism on SOFC cathode, it is necessary to evaluate the contribution of oxygen bulk diffusion of electrode materials. In this work, the authors prepared dense Sr-doped lanthanum manganites (LSM) films on yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) substrates by a laser ablation method using KrF eximer laser. Scanning electron microscopy measurements indicated that dense LSM films (6--32{micro}m) were formed. Using these samples, electrochemical properties (oxide-ionic conductivity and ac impedance) were measured in Ar-O{sub 2} atmospheres.


We are delighted to present a Special Issue of ACM Transactions on Algorithms, containing full versions of six articles that were presented at the 30th Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms (SODA) 2019 in San Diego, California, on January 6–9, 2019. These articles, selected on the basis of their high ratings by the conference program committee, have been thoroughly reviewed according to the journal's highest standards. In "Polynomial-time algorithm for Maximum Weight Independent Set on P6-free graphs", Andrzej Grzesik, Tereza Klimošová, Marcin Pilipczuk, and Michał Pilipczuk study the classic problem of max-weight independent set. They provide the first polynomial-time algorithm to solve the problem for the class of P6-free graphs, i.e., all graphs that contain no path on six vertices as an induced subgraph. The approach is based on a careful enumeration of vertex subsets that inherently characterize all maximal independent sets. The article "I/O-Efficient Algorithms for Topological Sort and Related Problems" by Nairen Cao, Jeremy Fineman, Katina Russell, and Eugene Yang, introduces the first randomized algorithms for topological sorting and for identifying the strongly connected components of a directed graph in the I/O model. These algorithms have a runtime of O (sort (E) · poly(logV )), where sort (E) is the time needed for sorting E elements in the I/O-model. The algorithms are based on a recursive approach, which iteratively updates a random labeling until vertices in the same strongly connected component have the same label and the labeling represents a topological sorting of the strongly connected components. These new algorithms also imply efficient I/O-algorithms for various reachability and shortest paths problems in directed acyclic graphs. In the article "SETH-Based Lower Bounds for Subset Sum and Bicriteria Path", by Amir Abboud, Karl Bringmann, Danny Hermelin, and Dvir Shabtay, the authors introduce a reduction fromk-SAT to SUBSET SUM on dense instances. The new reduction proves that Bellman's SUBSET SUM algorithm from 1969, which runs in O (Tn) time on n numbers and target T , cannot be improved to T 1−ε 2 (n) time for any constant ε > 0, unless the Strong Exponential Time Hypothesis (SETH) is false. The reduction is based on the results of Behrends (1946) about the existence of certain sequences of numbers, combined with clever partitioning and encoding. The authors also extend their techniques to prove SETH-based lower bounds for the BICRITERIA s, t-PATH problem. The article "Optimal Las Vegas Approximate Near Neighbors in p" by Alexander Wei presents Las Vegas data structures for solving approximate near neighbors in R under the p -norm. For 1 ≤ p ≤ 2, the author provides a data structure that matches the performance of optimal localitysensitive hashing. Moreover, using a locality-sensitive filter construction, the article gives the first


The problem of Church and State as it unfolded itself during the negotiations for the Concordat of 1801 between the Pope and the French state was surprisingly novel to European diplomacy. It revealed a cleavage of opinion practically un known in former attempts to reconcile things temporal and spiritual . ... A new element had been intruded into this latest attempt to bring Church and State into harmonious relationship, making former endeavors to divide the fields of sover eignty seem almost simplicity itself.I


The PNEI vision is centered on the role of the bi-directional crosstalk between the psychoneuroendocrine systems and the immune system managed by a complex network of signaling molecules which are the carriers of the biological information necessary for the homeostatic regulation of all cellular responses. An altered cross-talk due to an imbalance between specific signal molecules is proved to be fundamental for the onset of inflammatory, allergic and autoimmune diseases [7-9].


The work carried out in this study deals with the development of a laser-based glass soldering process. This process is applied to the assembly of two glass plates as encountered in the manufacturing of display devices. The main guidelines of the laser process setting up are mainly to avoid any overheating of the parts and to insure a hermetic bonding of the assembly. Thermal modeling of the process is therefore carried out to guide the experimental developments. Then, visual and microscopy analysis of the soldered joints are done to point out the feasibility of the process.The work carried out in this study deals with the development of a laser-based glass soldering process. This process is applied to the assembly of two glass plates as encountered in the manufacturing of display devices. The main guidelines of the laser process setting up are mainly to avoid any overheating of the parts and to insure a hermetic bonding of the assembly. Thermal modeling of the process is therefore carried out to guide the experimental developments. Then, visual and microscopy analysis of the soldered joints are done to point out the feasibility of the process.


The varying system parameters, end effector payload and environmental uncertainties are quite natural in real-world robotics applications. Therefore in order to adapt to the changing control environment and improving robustness of the controller due to an uncertain system model and dynamic uncertainties adaptive control methods are developed. This paper presents an adaptive neural backstepping control for an uncertain robot manipulator with dynamic disturbances. The dynamics of an n-link uncertain robot manipulator with dynamic disturbances is expressed as a class of 3nth order nonlinear multi-input multioutput (MIMO) system using a nonlinear disturbance observer-based model. The uncertain plant and disturbances dynamics are approximated using Radial Basis Function Network (RBFN) to derive the control law. The proposed controller for each link has a simple structure with a single unknown parameter. The update law for this unknown parameter has been obtained using Lyapunov stability. It is shown that the proposed controller is able to ensure the semi-global uniformly ultimately boundedness (UUB) of all signals of the resulting closed-loop system and the actual response eventually reaches a bounded neighbourhood of the desired response. Simulation results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed technique. The tracking performance of the proposed controller is validated experimentally on a four degrees-of-freedom (4 DOF) Barrett Whole Arm Manipulator while performing dynamic ball hitting experiments.


Abstract: The prevalence of autism in the United States has been climbing for the last 3 decades, and this comes at a time when the medical community is poorly equipped to address the various needs of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Because busy orthopaedic surgery practices will invariably encounter more patients with ASD, they may want to develop pragmatic strategies and protocols that will promote a successful health-care interaction with these patients.


The US Supreme Court decided the Empagran v Hoffmann La Roche case on 14 June 2004. This case had caused an uproar not only in the USA but also among internationally operating corporations throughout the world because it concerned the application of US cartel law, even though the breach of cartel law occurred outside the USA and neither the plaintiff nor the defendant had any connection with the USA. In this case, vitamin purchasers filed a class action on behalf of foreign and domestic purchasers of vitamins alleging that vitamin manufacturers and distributors had engaged in a price-fixing conspiracy, raising vitamin prices in the USA and foreign countries, in violation of the Sherman Act.2 The defendants (petitioners) moved to dismiss the suit as to the foreign purchasers (respondents), foreign companies located abroad (Ukraine, Australia, Ecuador and Panama), who had purchased vitamins only outside US commerce. Respondents had never asserted that they had purchased any vitamins in the USA or in transactions in USA commerce. The court at first instance, the District Court of Columbia, had held that US antitrust law did not apply.3 The US Court of Appeals of the District of ColumApril 2005 Journal of Private International Law 151


METHODS AND CONTROL DEVICES. PROCEDURES, DEVICES AND TEST EQUIPMENT FOR CONTROLLING ovulation cycle, including testing concentration of one or more analytes CORPORAL FLUID, SUCH AS THE URINE. Preferably, they measure estrone-3-glucuronide and luteinizing hormone, AND ESTABLISHING A CONCENTRATION OF REFERENCE IN APPROXIMATELY E3G day 6 of the current cycle. Preferably they USED DISPOSABLE TEST DEVICES, WITH A MONITOR / DVD ELECTRONICO relatively permanent. CAN MINIMIZE THE NUMBER OF RACES "DAILY" REQUIRED PER MONTH.


ABSTRACT
 All just societies recognize the intrinsic right of people to practice their faith in accordance with their conscience. In order to practice faith, people need easy access to religious specialists who facilitate the free exercise of religion. When institutions and government agencies erect barriers that separate people from their spiritual care providers, the spiritual needs and essential rights of the people are compromised. This article argues that spiritual care is essential and that chaplains should advocate for the religious needs of their people when they lack meaningful access to a faith-specific spiritual care provider.


Karyotype of Lethrinus nebulosus was examined from the renal tissue by the PHA-injection-air drying method.The results show that its karyotype formulate is 2n = 48,48t,NF=48.Satellite chromosome,secondary constrictions and sexal chromosome are not found in Lethrinus nebulosus.The karyotype of Lethrinus nebulosus are in accordance with the higher group of fish evolutionary taxonomy.


With the rapid development of mechanical industry in our country, the requirements for the quality of gear became higher. In this paper, it will analyze the common problem and countermeasures in the process of heat treatment.


The residual temperature resulting from pressure-strain relationships in an axisymmetric cylindrical sample of 304 stainless steel is described. Axisymmetric implosions result in nonuniform pressure-strain-temperature combinations that need to be better understood. This paper describes each temperature contribution and the net effect on the sample. 10 refs., 5 figs., 2 tabs.


The use of technology in teaching and learning mathematics is not new. The view of how technology should be used in the mathematical classroom is affected, among others, by changes in the community. A form of technological tool that is becoming popular in teaching and learning mathematics is the use of technology-based games. Many educators are interested in developing instructional games in Mathematics to engage today's children in a fun way of learning. However, the process required for developing a game that is both engaging and instructionally effective remains elusive. This study aimed to investigate pupils' level of acquisition of numeracy knowledge in a specially developed computer game called Numeraction. The game supports major components in numeracy, namely mental computation, visual thinking and number sense. The game has a response system for recording and displaying the pupils' scores. Participants of this study were 971 pupils from fifteen primary schools in the state of Selangor in Malaysia. Questionnaires were distributed to the students after they played the Numeraction game. Learners' perception in terms of motivation and engagement and their views of the game design were scrutinized. The relationship between their perception (in terms of motivation and engagement) and the level of acquisition of knowledge was also examined. Results showed that 34.2% variations in the acquisition of knowledge from the game were reliably explained from the independent variables, namely the game design, motivation and engagement.


Let $\alpha$ be an algebraic integer of degree $d$, which is reciprocal. The house of $\alpha$ is the largest modulus of its conjugates. We proved that $d$-th power of the house of reciprocal $\alpha$ has a limit point. We presented a property of antireciprocal hexanomials. We compute the minimum of the houses of all reciprocal algebraic integers of degree $d$ having the minimal polynomial which is a factor of a $D$-th degree reciprocal or antireciprocal polynomial with at most eight monomials, say $\mathrm{mr}(d)$, for $d$ at most 180, $D\le 1.5d$ and $D\le 210$. We show that it is not necessary to take into account unprimitive polynomials. The computations suggest several conjectures.


J. G. R amsay, F.R.S. (ETH-Zentrum, Zurich, Switzerland). Several of the cross sections and profiles through various parts of the Himalayas that have been presented at the Meeting were based on geometric techniques appropriate to the frontal thrust belt of the Rocky Mountains of Canada and the U.S.A., or to the soft sediment deformation in and around Taiwan. In these reconstructions, faults, especially thrusts, are considered to exert the dominant Control on the forms of structures. Fold forms appear only as fault bend folds developed as a consequence of movement of thrust sheets over irregular step-like thrust plane topography. In these models the effect of rock competence only seems to be considered as a characteristic rock property controlling the ramp-flat geometry of the fault planes, and the rock properties seem to exert little or no influence on the fold style. I would suggest that this current fashion of making constructions to depth is not only mechanically unsound, but it does not accord with the observations of structural geometry.


PURPOSE: A bonding structure and bonding method for a cemented carbide member and a diamond member, a cutting piece for a drilling tool, a cutting member, and the drilling tool are provided to enhance the bonding strength between the cemented carbide member and the diamond member. CONSTITUTION: A cutting piece for a drilling tool includes a cemented carbide cutting base(11), a diamond member(12) supported by the cutting base, and a bonding layer(13) formed between the cutting base and the diamond member in order to bond the cutting base and the diamond member. The bonding layer includes diffusion layers in which one or two or more metals selected among Fe, Ni, Co, Ti, Zr, W, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, and Hf diffuse into at least one of the cemented carbide or the diamond.


An apparatus for forming stress corrosion cracks is provided to improve the reliability of an atomic electrical power plant or a process industry by using vapor pressure and tubal samples. A heating unit(20) comprises a conductive member arranged on the outer surface of a tubal sample in a circumference direction and a heating coil arranged adjacent to the conductive member and generates vapor pressure. A control unit(40) controls the heating unit and a both-end binding unit(30). The both-end binding unit consists of an upper plate(31) for blocking the both ends of the tubal sample, a lower plate(32) and a tension bar(33). The tension bar adjusts the interval between the upper plate and the lower plate.


Zn/fullerenol composite coating was prepared by successive electro deposition of fullerenol and zinc films.By using glow discharge mass spectrometer,the distribution of fullerenol in Zn/fullerenol composite coating was analyzed.Effect of fullerenol on properties of the Zn/fullerenol composite were analyzed throngh tests of hardness,salt spray,electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and friction coefficient measurement techniques.The results show that fullerenol molecules are in nonuniform state in the composite coating,and have an influence on the hardness,corrosion resistance,and self-lubricity of composite coating to some extent.


In article results of sociological researches conducted by various scientific centers for the purpose of clarification of opinion of youth about tendencies of development of xenophobia in Russia are considered.