The fertilizers and lime recommendation for Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina states is based on official guidelines and is supported on soil testing results, management history and technical experience. There are some softwares developed as a tool to help crop assistants recommend fertilizers, however, the recent modifications in the system demand to build new computer programs to accomplish this. This paper reports how a computer program aimed at making recommendation, in a digital form, of fertilizer and liming based on information suggested by official institutions manual for grain crops, horticulture and forages. The program was developed in Microsoft Excel with Visual Basic interface, and is available in http://coralx.ufsm.br/solos/cadub2.php. The CADUB GHF provides nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium needs for starting and dressing fertilizers and liming rate for grain crops, horticulture and forages. Also, it outputs a report including supplied and recommended data buy presenting it in an Excell form, which may be saved or printed.


Supplier selection process has gained importance recently, since the cost of raw materials and component parts constitutes the main cost of a product and most of the firms have to spend considerable amount of their revenues on purchasing. Supplier selection is one of the most important decision making problems including both qualitative and quantitative factors to identify suppliers with the highest potential for meeting a firm's needs consistently with an acceptable cost. In this study, supplier selection problem of a well-known ship & sea structures manufacturer company in IRAN that calls SADRA is investigated and a FuzzyAHP1 model is used to determine weights for criteria & sub criteria. Then the technique of TOPSIS is used for prioritizing suppliers. Finally we determine the best supplier for the most important device of the ship called main engine in the production of MPSV Ship. Keywords: Multi-criteria decision-making, Supply Chain Management, Supplier selection, Fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (AHP), TOPSIS


Nuclear magnetic resonance measurements of the proton spin-lattice relaxation rate T1-1 for A15-type Nb3AlHx (x = 0.13, 1.77 and 2.75) have been performed over the temperature range 20-420 K and the resonance frequency range 13-90 MHz. The experimental results are analysed to evaluate the electronic (Korringa) contributions to T1-1 and the parameters of hydrogen diffusion. It is found that the electronic contribution to the relaxation rate decreases with increasing H content. The effective activation energies for H diffusion derived from the high-temperature relaxation rate data are 0.21 eV for x = 0.13 and 0.30 eV for x = 1.77 and 2.75. The behaviour of T1-1 at low temperatures (T<270 K for x = 1.77 and 2.75) suggests a coexistence of at least two frequency scales of H hopping. It is shown that the structure of the sublattice of interstitial d sites (partially occupied by hydrogen) is consistent with the coexistence of two characteristic jump rates for H atoms.


Abstract Depending on reaction conditions 1,2-Di-O-acetyl-3,5,6-tri-O-benzyl-D-allofuranose (2b) can be cyclized with SnCl4 either giving the monomeric 1,6-anhydrohexofuranose derivative 3a, as was already reported in a patent procedure, or by changing the solvent from methylene chloride to toluene giving the 1,6′:1′,6-dianhydride 4a mainly. The dimeric structure of compounds 4 was proved by CI-mass spectrometry. The 1H-n.m.r. spectrum of the acetate 4d allowed us to deduce the conformation preferentially adopted by these dianhydrides.


The aim of this work is to characterize the deformation of a natural cave induced by temperature variations and by the underground water flow. We consider the tilt recorded by two horizontal pendulums installed in the largest cave of the Italian Karst, the Grotta Gigante. The environmental factors we consider are temperature, rainfall and level and flow rate of the river Reka that feeds the underground Karstic waters. The tilt and temperature have a regular annual cycle, with period of 365 days, which is caused primarily by the thermo-elastic deformation. Semiannual periods are present but more than 10 times smaller. For rainfall and river level the semi-annual and annual oscillation have comparable amplitudes. The effect induced by the underground water flow consists in a tilting towards SW, that has a linear relation between maximum tilting and the integrated amount of water entering the Karst during the flood, with tilting coefficient a = 10.7⋅10 -6 nrad/m 3 . The minimum amount of water giving a tilt signal is V0 = 5.2⋅10 6 m 3 .


Non-native writers of English often have considerable difficulty in creating English language texts. This presents even more problems for scientists and engineers who prepare texts for other subject-area specialists. Typically, solutions to these problems have considered only the nuts-and-bolts approach of 'fixing " the grammar issues. However, the problems are certainly farther reaching in scope, especially for writers of scientific and technical texts. Such issues as tone, specialized terminology, paragraph logic, quantifiers and measurement systems, the writing process, and style and grammar all need to be considered. This work presents the results of several years research involving both academic and professional non-native writers; in doing so, we offer some useful suggestions to help this audience achieve better communication results.


This research focuses on recycling agriculture waste to produce a composite material that could be utilized for different purposes. The current work is interested to study the role of the interface and the mechanism to enhance the bonding between this type of fibers with resin. This paper introduces an idea to perform chemical treatment with (Ethanol, HCl, NaCl, NaOH) solutions on the fibers to improve the adhesion. The natural fibers named (wheat and barley legs) were used as a reinforcing phase within the polyester resin as a matrix phase to prepare the composite material. The composite material was prepared by hand lay-up method with weight fraction (40%) of natural fibers. Mechanical tests of these composite such as impact, flexural strength, compression tests were carried out. It is found that the treating of these fibers with ethanol gives positive results and enhances the adhesion of the interface between the fibers and the matrix of the composite which leading to an increase in the strength of composite under effect the applied force.


The introduction of wireless digital communication standards, such as CDMA, created a demand for new types of linear phase IF filters. Competition resulted in a rapid reduction in the size and cost of these filters. Today the IF filters used by these wireless terminals employ highly specialized device and design technologies. This paper presents an overview of the device technologies presently employed and many of implementation problems associated with implementing these technologies.


Successful ligation of a patent ductus arteriosus was first reported by Gross and Hubbard in 1939. Since then an increasing number of physicians and surgeons have thought that all patients with this as the sole anomaly should be treated surgically. In this country Gilchrist (1945), in an excellent review of the subject, expressed the view that the ductus should be closed in children even with slight symptoms, and a similar view was expressed by Bourne (1945) and by East (1945). There are good reasons, because the studies of reported deaths by Bullock et al. (1939) and by Keys and Shapiro (1943) show that many patients die before 30 and still more before 40 years of age, although general experience and the follow-up studies of Wilson and Lubschez (1942) and of Benn (1947) show that the prognosis in children is excellent for many years. The evidence for surgical closure of a ductus in every case is, however, not complete; for the natural prognosis is still uncertain and becomes more difficult to determine with the increasing proportion of children submitted to operation. The progress of older patients should help and so we have made an effort to re-examine all those over 35 years of age.


The moth Utetheisa ornatrix (family Arctiidae) depends on pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) for defense. It sequesters the toxins as a larva from its food plants (Crotalaria species: family Fabaceae) and retains them through metamorphosis. We report here that PA-possession in the adult female U. ornatrix has a life-shortening effect, suggesting that, by putting the compounds to use, the moth may be incurring a cost. However, PA-possession also induces the female to oviposit at an accelerated rate, so that she does not, by dying earlier, incur a loss in fecundity. We argue that by "compressing" their adult existence into a shorter period, female U. ornatrix may actually accrue benefits.


Line transect counting of a wildlife population is considered a sampling from a planar marked point process, where the marks describe the detectability of the animals. Sampling properties of transect counts and a new density estimator are derived from a counting process, which is a shot-noise field induced by the marked point process. A general formula for the sampling variance of a transect is derived and applied to compare five common types of transects. Some stereological connections of transect sampling and density estimators are shown.


It is very difficult to achieve both high-power and low divergence lasing at once in cw or high-repetition rate lasers because thermal effects limit their efficiency. But as these effects are stable over time, a passive correction is conceivable. In this paper we propose a very simple but effective method to compensate the thermal effects in such lasers, using an aspherical phase-plate inside the resonator. The first results are very promising, as we demonstrated a very stable 418 W, M2=5.7 laser for only 2280 W of total optical pumping power (i.e 2050 W of absorbed pump power).


The utility model discloses a flue waste heat recovery type conduction oil boiler used for solving the problems that direct discharge of smoke of an existing boiler leads to serious heat source waste and environmental pollution. The flue waste heat recovery type conduction oil boiler comprises a boiler body and a steam tank, the boiler body contains conduction oil, a spiral heating pipe is installed in the steam tank, the steam tank contains water, the two ends of the spiral heating pipe are connected with the boiler body through a circulating pipeline, and an oil intake pipe and an oil return pipe of the circulating pipeline are respectively provided with a circulating pump. A furnace of the boiler body is provided with a discharge flue which is vertically placed in the boiler body. The flue waste heat recovery type conduction oil boiler is characterized in that the upper end of the discharge flue is connected with a heat pipe waste heat recovery device. By means of the heat pipe waste heat recovery device, waste heat of smoke in the discharge flue is recycled, the heat utilization rate is increased, and meanwhile environmental pollution is reduced.


This article presents a study that sought to socio-affectively characterize the male victim of domestic violence in shelter situations in Portugal and to identify the perception of the Victim Support Technician (TAV) when confronted with domestic violence against men. We used a qualitative-quantitative methodological approach, using different instruments for data collection, the semi-structured interview and the questionnaire survey. The sample comprises two groups, eight male victims of domestic violence, in shelter, in the "Casa Abrigo para Homens" and 30 TAV from APAV. Some of the most relevant results obtained show that most men who are victims of domestic violence have some type of physical fragility, show a lot of resistance to reporting, and the feeling of fear, humiliation and shame persist in most cases. The characterization and profile of these victims in the national context proved to be still unknown, namely by the technicians specialized in the matter. The supports available to this male victim are not equivalent to those available to women.


Despite the increase in demand for cosmetic surgery there is little evidence on a national level regarding demand for surgery or how many people have actually had it. We analyse a module of questions commissioned for a national survey conducted in 2009 to examine the incidence of cosmetic surgery, and how it relates to self-assessed attractiveness and body image in Australia. Unsurprisingly, women are much more likely to have had cosmetic surgery than men, while dissatisfaction with body shape increases the likelihood of both wanting and having had cosmetic surgery. Age is also a factor. The 40-49 age group are most likely to say they would have cosmetic surgery if they could afford to, but those in their latter years are most likely to have actually had cosmetic surgery. Our analyses also revealed that single people are less likely than those with partners to have cosmetic surgery or to want to have it, perhaps indicating that partner pressure influences decision making, although the finding that the 'unattractive' are less likely than the 'attractive' to want to undergo surgery is more puzzling. Supporters of the Liberal or National parties are about twice as likely as Labor or Green supporters to have surgery controlling for their social background, suggesting that cosmetic surgery is at least to an extent a consumption/lifestyle driven status signifier in Australia.


The aim of this paper is to discuss whether some ideas related to the conception of phenotypic plasticity were already present in some publi- cations during the Modern Synthesis period as it has been claimed by Mas- simo Pigliucci and Gerd Muller. It will focus on Conrad Waddington contri- butions concerning this subject. Waddington developed several experiments with Drosophila in which he submitted different phenotypes to different environmental conditions. He concluded that even with the lack of envi- ronmental stimulus the organism developed a modified phenotype. This research leads to the conclusion that there are some similarities between Waddington's conception of genetic assimilation and the conception of


In this paper, we will introduce a new color image encryption algorithm. These images are of arbitrary sizes (n, m). This technique is based on a coupling of two chaotic maps; Namely, the logistics map and the PWLCM map. These two maps constructed and merged by a secret function f; which transforms two real from the interval [0 1] into number a real of the same interval. For confusion, we will use an improvement of the classical method of HILL. This improvement is none other than an affine transformation assured by a square matrix of order three with coefficient in the ring Z / 256Z. To this invertible matrix; we add a chaotic translation vector, this dynamic vector is modified at each iteration by another matrix of any order tree with coefficient in the ring Z / 256Z. A chaotic permutation in the ring Z / 3nmZ will be applied to the entire color image Finally, to avoid any differential attack, a new operating mode will be installed.The simulations carried out on the whole database showed that our new encryption technique is protected against any known attack


This contribution presents a new class of MRF, that is inspired by methods of statistical physics. The new energy function assumes full-connectivity in the neighborhood system and thus solves the modeling problems of MRF in the case of irregular sites. Moreover, it is defined independently from the considered application; this makes it possible to avoid the use of a search algorithm for the energy minima, since those and their analytical properties are provided by theory. Experiments were performed on a database of 12 Objects using multidimensional receptive field histograms. We achieved a recognition rate of 98.33%.


Objective To analyze the effect and mechanism of hyperbaric oxygen early treatment for diffuse axonal injury.Methods25cases were treated with hyperbaric oxygen and21cases with normal treatment(control group).The changes of Glasgowcomb scale(GCS)and prognosis were observed.Results In the hyperbaric oxygen treatment group,an elevation was seen in the curve of GCS average value,the mortality rate was decreased and the quality of survival was better than control group.Difference is significant(P0.05).Conclusions The early treatˉment for diffuse axonal injury with hyperbaric oxygen can decrease the mortality rate and improve prognosis significantly.


Three-layer core−shell latex particles with fluid cores were used for the preparation of a polymeric nanostructured material. The fluid cores were synthesized from the low glass transition temperature core-forming polymer (CFP) covalently labeled with a fluorescent dye. The CFP was encapsulated with a thin rigid shell of shell-forming polymer 1 (SFP-1). The second shell was synthesized from the shell-forming polymer 2 (SFP-2) on the surface of the bilayer particles. The specific relationship between the glass transition temperatures, Tg's, of the polymers incorporated into the core−shell particles was Tg(CFP) < Tg(SFP-2) < Tg(SFP-1). Nanocomposite polymeric films were obtained following heat processing of the arrays of core−shell particles at annealing temperature, Tg (SFP-2) < Tann < Tg(SFP-1). The morphology of the nanostructured material was studied by examining the distribution of the fluorescent dye in the polymer film. Various factors providing sharp modulation in optical properties of the composite...


ABSTRACT Community colleges are continually faced with the challenge of meeting the learning needs of diverse students, many of who are nontraditional and often ill-prepared for college level work. These institutions are respected for furthering democracy through their commitment to educational access and criticized for falling short in supporting students' educational attainment. Community colleges must fully maximize existing resources, including their faculty, and focus on areas within their control—teaching and learning. This is a case study of 13 community college faculty who participated in a scholarship of teaching and learning (SoTL) program. It explored the extent to which classroom inquiry can support professors' pedagogical innovation and their development of knowledge of teaching and learning.


Sometimes teachers are inclined to let an official initiative roll past them. Other times such an impetus or intervention is seen as an intrusion or threat and has to be warded off. Occasionally, however, it suits the mood or meets a need, and so is welcomed. This article describes one such venture within a government-funded pilot project ( 1 ) in order to illustrate some of the ways in which teachers and their collaborators can take advantage of curriculum development resources and opportunities. Too often in our view, it is administrators, researchers, or advisers (outsiders to the classroom) who give the public version account of teaching and curriculum development. Here we offer an insider's perspective. Specifically we seek to address three central concerns: 1) What are teachers' motives in developing their own curriculum? 2) What are teachers' satisfactions in developing their own curriculum? and 3) How might administrators take account of teachers motivations and satisfactions in their attempts to improve the process of curriculum development? Inasmuch as he came to the county as an advisory teacher on a government-funded project whose purpose was to change teachers' practices (not because they had asked for the intervention, but to bring


The article by Wilson and Chermak (2011, this issue) addresses an important topic: What policy levers outside of the criminal justice system can help reduce crime and violence in our nation's most distressed and dangerous urban areas? Wilson and Chermak try to answer that question by evaluating the effects of the One Vision One Life program in Pittsburgh, PA. One Vision involved a collaborative problem-solving process resulting in a multipart intervention that included continuing data analysis to guide program activities; the use of street workers to try to connect high-risk young people to social services such as job training and substance-abuse counseling; and some "violenceinterruption" activity intended to de-escalate situations in which retaliatory and other types of violence were likely. In what follows we first discuss whether these analyses are likely to have isolated the causal effects of the One Vision intervention, which is the key question that determines whether we can use these results to guide crime-policy decisions. Unfortunately we think the answer is "no," which is mostly a result of the nature of the intervention and how it was implemented rather than from any fault of the investigators themselves. We then offer some thoughts about the underlying logic behind One Vision, including the (usually implicit) theory behind these sorts of "kitchen sink" interventions that risk factors have more-thanadditive effects on criminal behavior, as well as the practical challenges associated with asking real-world organizations to engage in complicated problem-solving and collaborative activities. We close with some discussion about the great value of learning more about how


Nowadays, the field of healthcare delivery is undergoing a revolutionary transformation through the implementation of real-time health monitoring. This innovative approach utilizes everyday environments, particularly leveraging the latest wearable health devices, to enable the continuous monitoring of individuals irrespective of their location or time. This breakthrough allows for the timely identification and prevention of numerous diseases. Among the array of technologies integrated into wearable devices to facilitate ongoing health monitoring, one of the most significant techniques is Photoplethysmography (PPG). PPG is a non-intrusive, cost-effective, easily implementable, and thus convenient method for tracking physiological signals, including oxygen saturation in the bloodstream, heart rate variability, respiration rate, and more. Due to these merits, PPG has gained extensive usage across various health applications, especially in commercially available wearable devices. Nevertheless, despite its advantages, PPG suffers from a primary drawback of being highly vulnerable to motion artifacts and environmental disturbances. These factors significantly hinder the efficacy of PPG-based applications, particularly when recording PPG signals through wearable devices. Consequently, in order to ensure reliable measurements, it is crucial to assess the quality of the signals and discard unreliable ones. Signal quality assessment emerges as the foremost priority in this context. This paper presents an innovative method for evaluating the quality of PPG signals, accomplished through a fusion of Gramian Angular Fields (GAF) and Visual Transformer (ViT) techniques. The results demonstrate that the proposed approach achieves a competitive accuracy in predicting signal quality when compared to the current state-of-the-art methods.


The overall aim of this work was to gain more insight on the potential of modified wood (TMW) components for use in wood–thermoplastic composites (WPCs). Laboratory-scale TMWPCs were produced, and the effects of severe water soaking–drying cycles on the samples were studied. Water sorption behavior and resulting dimensional and micromorphological changes were also studied, and the results were compared with those of unmodified wood–plastic composites (UWPCs) used as control. The TMW was prepared by cutting a spruce board into half and subjecting one-half to an atmosphere of superheated steam at atmospheric pressure with a peak temperature of 210°C, with the other unmodified wood (UW) half as a control. The TMW and UW components were then prepared by a Wiley mill and thereafter sifted into smaller (mesh 0.20-0.40 mm) and larger (mesh 0.40-0.63 mm) size fractions. A portion of the wood components were also subjected to thermal extraction (HE). Composite samples with these different wood components, polypropylene (PP) matrix, and maleated PP (MAPP) as coupling agent (50/48/2 wood/PP/MAPP ratio by weight) were then prepared by using a Brabender mixer followed by hot pressing. The matching micromorphology of the composites before and after the soaking–drying cycles was analyzed using a surface preparation technique based on ultraviolet-laser ablation combined with scanning electron microscopy. The results of the water absorption tests showed, as hypothesized, a significantly reduced water absorption and resulting thickness swelling at the end of a soaking cycle for the TMWPCs compared with the controls (UWPCs). The water absorption was reduced with about 50-70% for TMWPC and 60-75% for HE-TMWPC. The thickness swelling for TMWPCs was reduced with about 40-70% compared with the controls. Similarly, the WPCs with HE-UW components absorbed about 20-45% less moisture and showed a reduced thickness swelling of about 25-40% compared with the controls. These observations also were in agreement with the micromorphology analysis of the composites before and after the moisture cycling which showed a more pronounced wood–plastic interfacial cracking (de-bonding) as well as other microstructure changes in the controls compared with those prepared with TMW and HE-UW components. Based on these observations, it is suggested that these potential bio-based building materials show increased potential durability for applications in harsh outdoor environments, in particular TMWPCs with a well-defined and comparably small size fractions of TMW components.


Based on the combination of wavelet resolution and competitive network,this paper proposes a competitive wavelet network which used for part clusteing.First the part edge is detected by multiscale wavelet,then the invariant moments is used to get the feature of the part,at last the CWN is used for clustering.The clustering result presents that CWN is good for clustering,and the ability is robust.


The booming of CPA faces the unexpected challengesand opportunities with the rapid development of market economy in China. This paper analyzes the current condition of CPA in China and proposes the thoughts and suggestions on the problems shown in the developmentof CPA.


Background: Computed tomography perfusion (CTP) images include more noise than routine clinic computed tomography (CT) images. Singular value decomposition based deconvolution algorithms are widely used for obtaining several functional perfusion maps. Recently block circulant
 singular value decomposition algorithms become popular for its superior property of immunity to contrast bolus lag. It is well known from literature that these algorithms are very sensitive to noise. There are a lot of examples of noise reduction filters in the literature as well as commercial
 ones. Functional maps which help physicians in the diagnostic process can be obtained with better image quality by de-noising CTP images with adaptive noise reduction filters. Objective: In this study, the effect of a noise adaptive wavelet filtering method on diagnostic performance
 on CTP stroke patient images is investigated. Method: Images of acute stroke patients were de-noised by this method and their diagnostic value were evaluated by visual means, peak signal-to-noise ratio and time intensity profile metrics. An observer evaluation study was carried out
 in order to validate quantitative image quality metrics. The results are compared with Gaussian and a bilateral filter based filtering method called TIPS (Time Intensity Profile Similarity) on same images sets to benchmark proposed method. Results: The diagnostic value of the images
 obtained from noise adaptive wavelet filtering method were better than Gaussian filter method and were compatible with a wellknown time intensity profile similarity bilateral filter method. Diagnostic performance of the both observers were improved compared to both Gaussian and TIPS methods.
 Conclusion: The noise adaptive wavelet filter method succeeded to reduce noise while preserving details contained in the contrast bolus. Its final effect on the timeintensity profiles and generated perfusion maps are compatible with the literature and showed improvements on diagnostic
 performance on specificity and overall accuracy when compared to other methods.


Summary: Prognostic factors in 269 cases of acute myocardial infarction treated in a coronary unit were analysed using a computer.

The mortality rate was significantly higher in the elderly (≤60 years) and those with extensive infarction, shown by prolonged cardiac pain (>4 hours) or high serum enzyme levels (SGOT> 200 Sigma-Frankel units/ml; LDH> 2,000 Berger-Broida units/ ml). It was high also with tachycardia (sinus, supraventricular or ventricular), complete heart block, and complete bundle branch block. It increased progressively with severity of myocardial failure. Secondary cardiac arrect had a high mortality. Clinical signs of catecholamine hypersecretion (sinus tachycardia, pallor, sweating), hypoxaemia (central cyanosis), or low cardiac output (peripheral cyanosis, cold extremities, oliguria) greatly increased the mortality rate. Radiological cardiomegaly and pulmonary congestion each doubled it.

An insignificant mortality increase accompanied ventricular and supraventricular ectopics, atrial fibrillation, incomplete heart block, and previous myocardial infarction, angina, and hypertension. There was no significant relationship between mortality and admission delay, sex, tobacco consumption, diabetes, or family history of ischaemic disease or diabetes. Only one patient died of primary cardiac arrest.

Sinus bradycardia was a good prognostic sign. Analysis of the literature showed its lower mortality rate to be significant. Since intravenous atropine may cause arrhythmias, it should be reserved for sinus bradycardia with hypotension.

It was suggested that patients with adverse prognostic signs short of extreme myocardial decompensatiqn should be monitored longer. Younger patients without severe infarction had a low mortality rate. Investigation of these may reveal a group which can be discharged safely from hospital soon after the completion of monitoring.


Although photoperiod eflFects in rice have been extensively studied, the information available is surprisingly meagre. The quantitative nature of the response in this plant has been insufficiently stressed in previous work. Conflicting conclusions have been drawn from comparisons of single photoperiods with the fluid 'control' provided by natural day. The construction of response curves covering an adequately extensive range of photoperiods is an essential preliminary to the analysis of varietal behaviour. The response picture remains incomplete unless the range includes the photoperiod that exercises the maximum effect. Moreover, it is clear that any estimate of the photoperiod sensitivity of a variety must relate to the gradient of its response curve. The concept of photoperiod sensitivity has not hitherto been precisely defined, although the existence of marked differences in varietal sensitivity is generally realized, and the recognition of period-fixed and season-fixed forms is based on these differences. Analogy with results obtained with other species suggests that the various stages leading from inflorescence initiation to maturity in rice may differ in their photoperiod requirements. Published work has been largely confined to the gross effect of day length on heading or blooming, and the study of dissected primordia which is necessary for resolving component effects has been conspicuously neglected. Wagenaar (1952) provides an excellent review of the literature that has accumulated on photoperiodism in rice. The work reported herein includes {a) the construction of response curves, and the calculation from them of parameters that permit the characterization of differences in varietal reaction, and {b) the separation of photoperiod effects on the initiation and the further development of inflorescence primordia.


Over the past few years, there has been a significant change in the material used to construct softball bats. Since 2000, there has been a significant increase in the number of slow-pitch softball bats sold that are constructed entirely of composite-based materials. It is theorized that the introduction of these composite bats has resulted in an increase in batted-ball speed, which directly corresponds to a decrease in available pitcher reaction time and can lead to an increase in the risk of injury. To test this theory, a controlled field-test study was conducted using five different certified softball bat models and four experienced testers to quantify the performance of composite-based softball bats compared to a wooden softball bat. For the composite bats, the available pitcher reaction times varied from 0.390 to 0.365 s for a pitcher standing 15.24 m (50 ft) from the batter, while, for the wooden bat, the available pitcher reaction times varied from 0.452 to 0.419 s. This study demonstrates that composite-based slow-pitch softball bats perform at an unsafe level when the results are compared to published safety studies in the sports of softball and baseball, which advocate available pitcher reaction times of 0.409 to 0.420 s. In addition, possible mitigation methods are discussed that could make the sport of slow-pitch softball safer.


An important concept in the available bit rate (ABR) service model is the minimum cell rate (MCR) guarantee as well as the peak cell rate (PCR) constraint for each flow. Due to the MCR and PCR requirements, the well-known max-min rate allocation policy no longer suffices to determine the rate allocation for each flow since it does not support either MCR or PCR. In this paper, we present a generalized max-min (GMM) rate allocation policy, which supports both the MCR and PCR requirements for each flow. Furthermore, a simple distributed algorithm using the ABR flow control protocol is developed to achieve the GMM rate allocation in a distributed network environment. The effectiveness of this distributed algorithm is demonstrated by simulation results.


The J = 3, K = 2 inversion frequency of NH 3 was measured using a two-cavity maser system. These measurements provide data on the frequency stability and resetability of the two-cavity maser and an accurate value for the frequency of this transition.


This paper reports a bibliometric analysis (co-citation network analysis) of 10 journals in the management of technology (MOT) field. As well as introducing various bibliometric ideas, network analysis tools identify and explore the concepts covered by the field and their inter-relationships. Specific results from different levels of analysis show the different dimensions of technology management: · Co-word terms identify themes · Journal co-citation network: linking to other disciplines · Co-citation network show concentrations of themes. The analysis shows that MOT has a bridging role in integrating ideas from several distinct disciplines. This suggests that management and strategy are central to MOT which essentially relates to the firm rather than policy. Similarly we have a dual focus on capabilities, but can see subtle differences in how we view these ideas, either through an inwards looking lens to see how organisations function, or more outward to understand context and change in landscapes.


Abstract : A systematic study has been made on the effect of hydrogen carrier gas flow-rate on the electron concentration and electron mobility of the epitaxially grown InAs(0.61)P(0.39) samples. Resistivity and Hall effect measurements yield the resistivity, Hall coefficient, electron mobility and electron density as a function of temperature between 3K and 300K for epitaxial samples 153 to 159 and the bulk samples H-2, H-5 and H-6. The activation energy for the donor states, the density of donors and acceptors and scattering mechanisms for electrons in InAs(1-x)P(x) alloys were calculated and analyzed. The alloy compositions were determined from the electron microprobe analysis. The energy band gap versus alloy composition for the InAs(1-x)P(x) system was deduced from the optical transmission data. Optical absorption coefficients near the fundamental absorption edge were obtained for bulk samples H-1, H-2, H-5, H- 6, H-7 and W16. The result shows that the energy band gap varies linearly with the alloy composition in InAs(1-x)P(x).


It is very important to strengthen the ideological and political education in medical edu-cation. We propose to construct a stable and effective activity platform of medical social practice systemati-cally and designed, and run through the whole process of medical education in order to play the fosteringfunction of medical social practice, and strengthen the pertinence, the effectiveness and the sustainability ofideological and political education.

Key words:
Ideological and political education;  Medical student;  Social practice


Confluent and reticulated papillomatosis shows flat, brown papules with confluance involving the chest or back. The illness occurs mostly in young adults men and women. The aetiology is unknown. We describe one case in a 12-year-old female. Inspite of positive Pityrosporum furfur mycology a local therapy with antimycotics over several months was unsuccessful. After systemic therapy with 2 x 50 mg minocycline the papillomatosis cleared completely.


The microdistribution of copper-chrome-arsenic preservative in sapwoods of Pinus radiata, P. syhestris, Picea abiess Fagus sylvatica, Eucalyptus regnans and E. maculata has been examined, both before and after leaching. The technique employed was energy dispersion X-ray analysis in conjunction with scanning electron microscopy. The results show that CCA distribution in softwoods is relatively even, while in the hardwoods, especially E. maculata, there are large pockets of unprotected cells between the main treatment pathways. Ray cells play a significant role in the penetration of softwoods and beech, while vessels in the eucalypts are important. The pit membranes in all wood species retain high levels of CCA. In addition to the preservative distributed in cell walls, gross cellular inclusions, both amorphous and crystalline, are frequently encountered in cell lumina. With the exception of E. maculata these deposits are removed by leaching, which also produces a redistribution of preservative elements within the wood specimens, particularly the softwoods. Different levels of Cu, Cr, and As occur at different locations within and between wood species, the softwoods tending to have higher preservative concentrations than the hardwoods. It was also found that different ratios of the three elements exist in softwoods and hardwoods, and that the preservative undergoes disproportionation and recombination within the wood. The results further indicated that fixation mechanisms are not the same in softwoods and hardwoods, and this may lead to the more uniform distribution and higher cell wall loadings in the former, thus producing a better preserved substrate.


Nurses in Manchester have been reducing their carbon footprints in a bid to make their working environment the greenest in Britain.


Abstract The article looks at: the use of educational films as an affective or cognitive learning tool, both to impart information and to create experiences for students; how to select a film for a particular lesson; how to prepare students for the film so that its relationships to the instructional objectives are clear; and how to structure a lesson, including the language arts (vocabulary, grammar, writing exercises); and how students can be led to analysis of the form and structure of the medium in order to promote visual literacy. Students must learn how to think about questions to ask in order to integrate the film experience into their other knowledge, feelings or information. As a practical exercise for the audience at the ICEM Conference, an example was used—a 16 mm. film, with printed handouts and guidelines given to the audience.


As a nation with the most population of overseas Chinese, Thailand is attaching great importance to education concerning Chinese language, partly because of the improvement of China's international status. With abundant reference of education on Chinese language from Thailand, this paper offers an overall introduction of the history, important recognition of education in Chinese language together with Chinese language schools in Thailand. Further more, several points are made for revelation, especially for the improvement of foreign language teaching in China.


X-ray measurements on 16 different specimens of regenerated cellulose reveals that there exists a pronounced negative correlation between the integrated intensity of the 101 interference and its halfwidth. The 101 plane is a preferred cleavage plane and represents the lamellar plane of the ribbon-shaped crystallites. Variations in the intensity of the other interferences are much less or nonexistent. These results show that the degree and the perfection of lateral order according to the 101 and 002 planes is little at variance, but that order according to the 101 plane is extremely variable in such a way that if the average thickness and (or) perfection of the lamellae increases, the total number of well-ordered 101 plane contacts diminishes. As a possible explanation of this phenomenon it is suggested that various degrees of recrystallization with reference to this particular plane (i.e., various degrees of lateral order) may be associated with the various rayon specimens. This, however, does not necessarily imply differences in the total amount of ordered substance. This explanation is corroborated by the fact that cellulose acetate fibers which were previously allowed to "recrystallize" by heating in methanol, after saponification yield a rayon with a particularly sharp, but also particularly weak, 101 interference, without exhibiting a higher total percentage of ordered substance than the saponification products of acetate treated in this manner.


AbstractA classification scheme for multitudes of community development enterprises is proposed. The basis for this classification is found in the purposes: that motivate the instigators of community development processes. These are: Improvement of environment, descriptive studies, political emphases,. religious emphases, and educational processes. Several of these items over-lap, but this should be honestly noted by those who carry on the enterprises. Furthermore, it would help the candid reader of community development literature if writers would acknowledge the existence of other kinds of work in the field and draw contrasts between their own point of view and that of other contributors. Some such scheme of classification needs to be adopted if community development is to become an applied behavioral science, as it should.


We analytically establish the role of a spectrum of Lyapunov exponents in the evolution of phase-space distributions $\rho(p,q)$. Of particular interest is $\lambda_2$, an exponent which quantifies the rate at which chaotically evolving distributions acquire structure at increasingly smaller scales and which is generally larger than the maximal Lyapunov exponent $\lambda$ for trajectories. The approach is trajectory-independent and is therefore applicable to both classical and quantum mechanics. In the latter case we show that the $\hbar\to 0$ limit yields the classical, fully chaotic, result for the quantum cat map.


Conclusions 1. A characteristic and reproducible curve of radioisotope blood levels was obtained in normal humans and normal dogs following an I131 labeled protein test meal. 2. Radiographic determination of gastric emptying is necessary for the proper interpretation of data.


In this paper we present a neural network based spectrum classifier (NSC) and its application to ultrasonic resonance spectroscopy. The use of an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is proposed to meet the requirements of high sensitivity for small but relevant changes in the spectra, and simultaneous robustness against measurement noise. Provided with enough training examples, the ANNs are known to be able to find features representative for different classes and to generalize in order to cope with the measurement noise. Among several types of ANNs that could be used for classifying the spectra we have chosen a multi-layer perceptron (MLP). Although the MLP itself can perform feature extraction, we included an optional pre-processor for this purpose. The NSC is essentially model free and can be trained using real and modeled spectra. The classifier uses both amplitude and phase information in the spectra. The performance of the classifier has been verified using a number of practical applications, here we present results of its application to detection of disbonds in adhesively joint multi-layer aerospace structures using Fokker Bond Tester resonance instrument. In this case the classifier is capable of detecting very small disbonds (larger than 25% of the sensor area) and correct identifying their position in the structure (identifying the defected joint).


New chiral binaphthyl-containing polyfluorene (PF) derivatives, PFOH, PFMOM, and PFP, bearing different binaphthyl units ((S)-2,2′-bis(methoxymethoxy)-1,1′-binaphthyl for PFMOM, (S)-1,1′-binaphthyl-2,2′-diol for PFOH, and (S)-2,2′-bis(diphenylphosphinyl)-1,1′-binaphthyl for PFP) in the backbone have been designed and synthesized through Pd-catalyzed Suzuki polycondensation. Their properties have been investigated in detail by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, TGA, DSC, UV–vis, photoluminescence (in solutions, in thin films before and after annealing), and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopic methods compared with poly(9,9-dihexylfluorene-2,7-diyl) (PF). The resulting copolymers possessed excellent solubility in organic solvents and emitted strong blue light. The phosphine oxide-containing copolymers PFP and PFMOM exhibited higher quantum yields and better thermal spectral stability in comparison with PF. All the copolymers exhibited obviously the linearly polarized photoluminescent properties both in solutions and in solid states. High emission polarization ratios (RPL) of PFP were observed with no obvious decrease upon thermal annealing. In addition, investigation of the CD spectroscopic properties of these copolymers in THF solutions indicated that the chirality of the binaphthyls could be transferred to the whole PF backbone. All these results demonstrated that introduction of the chiral binaphthyls, particularly BINAPO, into the backbone could effectively improve the performances of the copolymers. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011


It is now possible to ask questions concerning the detailed molecular events of many enzymic catalyses with some hope of finding answers. The experiment the authors report uses papain, a reasonably stable hydrolytic enzyme, as a catalyst for the stereospecific formation of an insoluble anilide from a racemic benzoylamino acid.


Experiments play many different roles in research and education. While in the traditional view experiments are considered mere test instances of models and theories they can unfold a creative life of their own beyond that formal role and foster fluid knowledge. Based upon arguments from epistemology of science as well as educational and cognitive theories, the present contribution highlights their generative functions in stimulating productive thinking, knowledge transfer and theoretical reflections. The article substantiates the view of experiments as engines of intuition and knowing by providing introductory examples from nanoscience education based on hands-on models of scanning probe methods. In combination with analogical reasoning the models convey an experience based access to a highly productive interdisciplinary field of research and innovative applications. Apart from visualizing the invisible and making transformations of forms and functions tangible, the toy systems embody basic principles that open up intriguing views upon the universality of emergent processes in the physical and biological realm. DOI: 10.29011/2575-7032/100040


The determination of the amount of large secretory granule-containing immune cells in a biological specimen taken from members of certain genera of the Caviidae family.


This paper discusses the topology requirements of the small power photovoltaic grid-connected inverter,and introduces several typical topologies,moreover,points out the advantages and disadvantages,efficiency and applicable occasions of the various topologies. In this paper,a single-phase full-bridge grid-connected inverter topology(DC/AC) is designed. The soft-switching technology is employed on the topology for reducing switching loss. The topology can realizes zero voltage switching when the main switch turns on and turns off and zero current switching when auxiliary switch and the power diode turns on and turns off.The converter has higher efficiency than other topologies.


Aim Complex personal protective equipment (PPE) is used by healthcare workers (HCWs) whilst caring for patients with suspected high consequence infectious diseases (HCIDs) such as Ebola. Training in its correct removal is vital to prevent cross-contamination, yet standardised methods for this and assessment of user competency have been lacking. To address this, an evidence-based PPE assessment and training tool was developed in a collaborative project between the Health and Safety Executive research laboratory and Sheffield Teaching Hospitals Foundation Trust, resulting in the creation of VIOLET: Visualising Infection with Optimised Light for Education and Training. Objectives Using the experience of the British Ministry of Defence's training of staff deploying to West Africa during the Ebola Virus Disease outbreak,1 a UV fluorescence-based simulation exercise was created and tailored to the needs of UK health workers. Summary of work undertaken A healthcare mannequin was adapted to transmit different simulated bodily fluids (vomit, diarrhoea, sweat, cough and blood), each with a different coloured UV-fluorescent tracer. PPE-trained HCWs participate in an immersive simulation exercise, performing a clinical assessment of the 'patient' and completing tasks, during which they become exposed to the bodily fluids. Participants are then screened under UV light both before and after doffing PPE, with any contamination photographed for further analysis. Mechanisms of contamination are discussed with the participants real-time, with correction of any steps in doffing where needed. The exercise is also observed by trainers to identify potential latent errors within the simulation.2 References . Clay KA, O'Shea MK, Fletcher T, Moore AJ, Burns DS, Craig D, et al. Use of an ultraviolet tracer in simulation training for the clinical management of Ebola virus disease. J Hosp Infect2015;91:275e7. . Poller B, Hall S, Bailey C, Gregory S, Clark R, Roberts P, et al. 'Violet' e a fluorescence-based simulation exercise for training healthcare workers in the use of personal protective equipment. J Hosp Infect2018;99:229–35.


The purpose of the present study was to examine the physico-chemical properties, fatty acids composition, unsaponifiable matter, tocopherols and phenolic content of Moringa oleifera seed oil from Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia. In addition, biological evaluation of this oil was determined. Moringa oil showed a better overall quality, its, acid, peroxide, iodine, saponification values. Sterol fraction was found rich in ?-sitosterol (45.11), stigmasterol (19.20%), campesterol (16.90%) and ?5-avenasterol (10.00%). The major fatty acids were identified as oleic acid (65.00%). These results strongly suggested in potential use Moringa oil as non - conventional seed crop for high quality oil.


Because there is no agreed use of the term 'self', or characteristic features or even paradigm cases of selves, there is no idea of 'the self' to figure in philosophical problems. The term leads to troubles otherwise avoidable; and because legitimate discussions under the heading of 'self' are really about other things, it is gratuitous. I propose that we stop speaking of selves.


In the article we analyze the familiarity with the concept of ecosystem services, perceptions of their various dimensions and attitudes to them. The target respondents were employees working in public institutions responsible for public health, tourism and environment and/or nature protection. Drawing on the COST project ToBeWell, a questionnaire was designed in order to find out how the concept was perceived within those institutions in several EU countries, including Croatia. The research carried out on a non-probabilistic sample in Croatia showed satisfactory familiarity with the concept within tourism and environment/nature protection institutions but unsatisfactory familiarity within public health institutions. Although the concept was perceived as relevant across all three institutional domains, the governance of ecosystem services and the cooperation in public health, environment protection and tourism were rated unsatisfactory.


Introduction: Secondary hypertension can be identified in a small proportion of patients. Kidney disease, including renal artery stenosis and parenchymal disease, is one of the main causes of secondary hypertension. We report the case of an 18 year-old girl with secondary hypertension due to unilateral ureteropelvic junction obstruction.
 Case description: An 18 year-old girl presented at an urgent consultation with symptoms of anxiety for two days without a known trigger. On physical examination she had elevated blood pressure and tachycardia. She was treated with an anxiolytic. Because of sustained high blood pressure found on out-of-office blood pressure monitoring, she began antihypertensive drug treatment. The search for secondary causes of hypertension revealed the presence of obstruction of the left ureteropelvic junction causing hydronephrosis. After urological surgery, the patient was asymptomatic. Blood pressure was controlled without antihypertensive drugs.
 Comment: Unilateral ureteropelvic junction obstruction is a rare cause of hypertension. It is defined as impaired urine flow from the renal pelvis into the proximal ureter with subsequent dilatation of the collecting system. It can cause damage to the kidney. The widespread use of ultrasonography during pregnancy has resulted in a higher detection rate for antenatal ureteropelvic junction obstruction and hydronephrosis. Cases detected in teenagers and adults are rare


The purpose of this study was to assess and compare the attitudes of special educators, regular educators, principals and special education directors regarding their models of instruction for the handicapped. This assessment and comparison was accomplished by surveying these four groups using a 35-item questionnaire. Bya random selection process, 738 questionnaires were distributed to the groups resulting in a 63070 rate of return. A five-point Likert scale was used to assess levels of satisfaction and differences tion directors). While there were statistically significant differences among the four groups on 8 of the 18 variables, the grand mean of responses on each question fell in or near the positive area on the Likert scale. Data revealed that these educators are reporting a high deree of satisfaction with present special education models.


This article presents three objections to Richard Moran's proposal concerning the relation between reasons and responsibility. First, I will show that the relation between reasons and responsibility suggested by Moran is problematic, for two reasons. On the one hand, alienated beliefs can play a role in the reasoning process. On the other hand, state-given reasons do not meet the Transparency Condition, but they do not exempt the agent either. Second, I will argue that the relation between attitudes and reasons that Moran postulates is too demanding. Third, I will point out that Moran's account cannot accommodate the intuition that both responsibility and authorship come in degrees.


A demonstration program of an automated utility damage assessment system (AUDA) at a United States Air Force facility (USAF) is described. The AUDA is designed to assess damage, in an efficient manner, to military equipment or utilities, such as electrical equipment, potable and waste water, HVAC systems, petroleum, oil and lubricants, and natural gas.


Near-critical states have been achieved downstream of a liquefaction shock wave, which is a shock reflected from the endwall of a shock tube. Photographs of the shocked test fluid (iso-octane) reveal a rich variety of phase-change phenomena. In addition to the existence of two-phase toroidal rings which have been previously reported, two-phase structures with a striking resemblance to dandelions and orange slices have been frequently observed. A model coupling the flow and nucleation dynamics is introduced to study the two-wave system of shock-induced condensation and the liquefaction shock wave in fluids of large molar heat capacity. In analogy to the one-dimensional Zeldovich–von Neumann–Döring (ZND) model of detonation waves, the leading part of the liquefaction shock wave is a gasdynamic pressure discontinuity (Δ ≈ 0.1 μm, τ ≈ 1 ns) which supersaturates the test fluid, and the phase transition takes place in the condensation relaxation zone (Δ ≈ 1–103 μm, τ ≈ 0.1–100 μs) via dropwise condensation. At weak to moderate shock strengths, the average lifetime of the metastable state, τ ∞ 1/J, is long such that the reaction zone is spatially decoupled from the forerunner shock wave, and J is the homogeneous nucleation rate. With increasing shock strength, a transition in the phase-change mechanism from nucleation and growth to spinodal decomposition is anticipated based on statistical mechanical arguments. In particular, within a complete liquefaction shock the metastable region is entirely bypassed, and the vapour decomposes inside the unstable region. This mechanism of unmixing in which nucleation and growth become one continuous process provides a consistent framework within which the observed irregularities can be explained.


This article presents data from a two-part study of student perceptions of research. Fifty-one research proposals are analyzed in order to understand perceptions of research, and results from a survey are analyzed to better understand how students both perceive and articulate their understanding of research. The data show that students assign multiple definitions to the concept of research, and suggest that increased attention to clarifying terminology and identifying student perceptions would facilitate better work.


The invention discloses a computer system for analyzing, calculating, simulating and reconstructing a vehicle-pedestrian collision accident, which is used for road traffic accident assessment of a public security traffic management department. Through the system, running speed and collision speed of an accident vehicle in the vehicle-pedestrian collision accident can be calculated according to basic data acquired by accident scene inspection, and two-dimensional track description and three-dimensional process reconstruction of the accident vehicle, and main calculating data table output and accident occurrence process brief text output of the vehicle-pedestrian collision accident are realized. Through the system, technological content of traffic accident identification and handling is effectively improved, so the analysis and assessment result of the system can be easily and highly accepted by the traffic management department, an accident inspection organization and accident parties;therefore, the system plays an important role in distinguishing responsibility, avoiding contradiction intensification, reducing social instability factor, enhancing harmonious development of social life and the like; meanwhile, the system can be widely popularized and applied and has obvious business commonness and social public benefit.


We use very deep near-infrared (NIR) imaging data obtained in MOIRCS Deep Survey (MODS) to investigate the evolution of the galaxy stellar mass function back to z ∼ 3. The MODS data reach J = 24.2, H = 23.1, and K = 23.1 (5σ, Vega magnitude) over 103 arcmin2 (wide) and J = 25.1, H = 23.7, and K = 24.1 over 28 arcmin2 (deep) in the GOODS-North region. The wide and very deep NIR data allow us to measure the number density of galaxies down to low stellar mass (109–1010 M☉) even at high redshift with high statistical accuracy. The normalization of the mass function decreases with redshift, and the integrated stellar mass density becomes ∼8%–18% of the local value at z ∼ 2 and ∼4%–9% at z ∼ 3, which are consistent with results of previous studies in general fields. Furthermore, we found that the low-mass slope becomes steeper with redshift from α ∼ −1.3 at z ∼ 1 to α ∼ −1.6 at z ∼ 3 and that the evolution of the number density of low-mass (109–1010 M☉) galaxies is weaker than that of M* (∼1011 M☉) galaxies. This indicates that the contribution of low-mass galaxies to the total stellar mass density has been significant at high redshift. The steepening of the low-mass slope with redshift is an opposite trend expected from the stellar mass dependence of the specific star formation rate reported in previous studies. The present result suggests that the hierarchical merging process overwhelmed the effect of the stellar mass growth by star formation and was very important for the stellar mass assembly of these galaxies at 1 ≲ z ≲ 3.


In thermal leptogenesis, the cosmic matter–antimatter asymmetry is produced by CP violation in the decays of heavy right-handed Majorana neutrinos N into ordinary leptons and Higgs particles Φ. If some charged-lepton Yukawa couplings are in equilibrium during the leptogenesis epoch, the interactions with the background medium are flavour-sensitive and the coherence of their flavour content defined by is destroyed, modifying the efficiency of the inverse decays. We point out, however, that it is not enough that the flavour-sensitive processes are fast on the cosmic expansion timescale, they must be fast relative to the reactions lest the flavour amplitudes of remain frozen by the repeated 'measurements'. Our more restrictive requirement is significant in the most interesting 'strong wash-out case' where is fast relative to the cosmic expansion rate. We derive conditions for the unflavoured treatment to be adequate and for flavour effects to be maximal. In this 'fully flavoured regime' a neutrino mass bound survives. To decide if this bound can be circumvented in the intermediate case, a full quantum kinetic treatment is required.


Recent algorithms for monocular motion capture (MoCap) estimate weak-perspective camera matrices between images using a small subset of approximately-rigid points on the human body (i.e.\ the torso and hip). A problem with this approach, however, is that these points are often close to coplanar, causing canonical linear factorisation algorithms for rigid structure from motion (SFM) to become extremely sensitive to noise. In this paper, we propose an alternative solution to weak-perspective SFM based on a convex relaxation of graph rigidity. We demonstrate the success of our algorithm on both synthetic and real world data, allowing for much improved solutions to marker less MoCap problems on human bodies. Finally, we propose an approach to solve the two-fold ambiguity over bone direction using a k-nearest neighbour kernel density estimator.


In this talk, using the topological interpretation of the c-nilpotent multiplier of a group G, M (c) (G), we extend a result of Burns and Ellis (Math. Z. 226 (1997) 405-428) on the second nilpotent multiplier of a free product of two groups to the c-nilpotent multipliers, for all c 1.


Abstract : Since 9/11, a body of analytical perspective and expertise on irregular warfare and associated topics has arisen at IDA, influencing the work of colleagues, sponsors, and customers who seldom, if ever, are able to peruse the full range of what is presented. The purpose of this annotated bibliography is to (1) convey the kinds of data related to irregular warfare that have been collected and analyzed by IDA research staff, (2) depict the growing body of knowledge resident at IDA, and (3) illuminate IDA's capabilities for future work in irregular warfare. The term irregular warfare had only come into common use recently, and most analysts had seen irregular warfare as a broad and diverse topic. However, over time and with greater use, DoD has been moving towards formalizing the term, and this helped the author of this publication to discern and refine the scope of his effort. The author reviewed IDA final publications, dating from 2000 to the fall of 2008, and solicited potential candidates from other IDA analysts as well. The final compilation was reviewed by IDA staff members with backgrounds in irregular warfare and associated topics.


This paper investigates a method to increase the energy economy of motors for an electric vehicle (EV) traction system. The low torque region of an EV motor is frequently used in everyday urban driving. Pulse-width modulation (PWM) carrier harmonic loss accounts for a high percentage of total loss for EV motors in this region. This paper reveals the relationship between fundamental and harmonic iron current for a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) by double Fourier integral analysis and builds the global loss model of PMSM which considers about both fundamental and harmonic loss. Based on the global loss model, an efficiency optimization control strategy is proposed in this paper, which can achieve the maximum efficiency by adjusting the flux-weakening current to the optimum value in the whole operation range for EV. Comparison among different control algorithms is drawn from both analytical and experimental results, from which the effectiveness of efficiency optimization control is verified.


The coupling theory of city and green space is explained first, which illustrates the common phenomenon that how green space exists in the city space, and reveals the laws how they influence each other. The theory consists three important concept which are coupling model, coupling process and coupling function and on this basis the conceptual framework of the coupling of green space and city space is established. Secondly, based on the coupling theory, the thesis constructs the evaluation system of city green space—an evaluation system with the trinity of coupling model, process and function, and its indicator system is constituted by the three aspects of coupling space form model indicator, coupling space content model indicator, and coupling space relationship indicator. Thirdly, the paper puts forward the urban green space planning method based on the theory, which is realized mainly from the three aspects of the coupling of structural space elements, the coupling of framework space elements, and the coupling of functional space elements. Finally, through the case study of Hutuo River waterfront area plan, the paper illustrates how to put the evaluation system and plan method into practice.


A systematic technique based on a variational principle is developed for obtaining WKB Green's functions for a non‐Hermitian set of inhomogeneous, nonstationary differential equations in a space of arbitrary dimensions. A key element in this technique involves the use of the Van Vleck determinant for the amplitudes of WKB functions.


Highly and fully automated vehicles are not expected on public roads in the near future, but at lower levels of automation, several applications/business models are discussed by vehicle manufacturers and fleet operators. Automated valet parking (AVP) is one of them, which could be implemented almost immediately. Vehicles with AVP feature are able to drive independently in the parking garage and find/occupy a free parking space. However, a better understanding of public's opinion on this service is needed. In this paper, we present the findings from an exploratory interview study on public's opinion of automated valet parking. Results suggest that the main benefits from the user perspective are clearly practical in nature (time saving, efficient use of parking lots), but are mitigated by emotional concerns (feeling of uncertainty, loss of control). We therefore conclude that these concerns must be addressed to ultimately ensure automated valet parking's success and benefits in society.


Objective:To study the relationship among pulse pressure(PP),pulse pressure index (PPI)and carotid intima-media thickness(IMT)in elderly patients with cerebral infarction.Methods: 397 elderly patients with cerebral infarction,who underwent the carotid IMT by ultrasooographic examination,were divided into four groups according to the level of pulse PP(≤60mmHg,61~ 80mmHg,81~100mmHg,>100mmHg)and PPI(≤0. 400,0. 401~500,0. 501~600,>0. 600) respectively. Results:The carotid IMT increased when PP and PPI increased.The carotid IMT correlated best with PPI in Spearman's correlation analysis.The multiple factor stepwise regression analysis showed that the regression of carotid IMT with PPI,PP and age were of great significance,and the standard regression coefficiency of PPI was the highest.Conclusion:The PPI correlates obviously with carotid IMT,and is better than PP in evaluating sclerosis of vessel and predicting the potential risk of stroke.


Morus Indica-MI (Mulberry) varieties M5, V1 and S36 leaves were analyzed for their phytochemical composition and antioxidant potency of 100% methanol (M), 80% M
(M& water), dechlorophyllised, aq. cold and hot extracts in food and biological system. The radical scavenging activity (RSA), reducing power assay, FRAP and inhibition of
oxidation in oil and microsomes was evaluated at different concentrations. Among three
varieties, S36 was rich in phytochemicals. All the extracts of MI varieties have performed in a dose dependent manner. The dechlophyllised extract of all the varieties
have shown significantly (P <0.05) high RSA, reducing power and inhibition of oxidation in oil and microsomes. Also the IC50 of S36 in RSA and activity in oil and microsomes
was significantly (P<0.05) high. Above results indicate that the MI varieties can be used as nutraceutical in preventing or reducing the oxidative stress at the biological level and also as functional ingredient in health food formulations


Using open-die cold extrusion technology instead of traditional cutting to form the electromotor shaft shoulder fillet is presented. In comparison with cutting methods used in industrial application, open-die cold extrusion has many advantages such as minimum material waste, high dimensional accuracy, reduction or complete elimination of machining, good surface finish, better mechanical properties of products than those of the original material due to favorable grain flow. The analysis on the two forming for the electromotor shaft shoulder, including one-step approach and two-step approach, is carried out. Numerical simulation and experimental investigation on it is performed and the different application ranges of the two methods are achieved.


For many years, statutory interpretation, dubbed a non-subject by Lord Wilberforce, has not attracted the same jurisprudential attention as the methodology of the common law. The study of legal methods may seem arid ground for fruitful reflection and may not appear a lively source of issues for critical thought. In part, this is the result of the technical, rule-centred way in which legal methods have been presented. Like the rules of grammar to those who use a language, they appear things to be known, rather than to be dwelt upon. In part also, there is the problem of the sheer width of the subject. From the non-legal side, the subject needs to incorporate material from both the philosophy of language and from constitutional theory. From the legal perspective, it requires a survey of techniques used in a wide variety of legal topics, which is daunting to any but the Herculean mind. Despite these difficulties for any writer, the subject surely repays careful study at a time when most of the difficult cases coming to appellate courts involve some element of statutory interpretation and most of legal practice involves the application and interpretation of statutes. Like any aspect of legal methodology, statutory interpretation can be approached from a number of perspectives. Legal approaches may concentrate on isolating the kinds of argument which will succeed in court, or a repertoire of possible arguments, or simply to enable lawyers to read texts intelligently. Such approaches may seem far from linguistic philosophy or political theory which would study the same subject-matter with different objectives in mind. All the same, any 'legal' approach will take for granted a certain set of presuppositions about how words derive their meaning and about the constitutional role of the judge in the process of statutory interpretation. From the point of view of both practical value and legal theory, it is important that these presuppositions are adequately expressed and integrated into a work on legal methodology, particularly on statutory interpretation. Francis Bennion's Statutory Interpretation' sets out to be a major work in the field. This is not only shown by its size (854 pages plus appendices), and by its price (a staggering ?85), but also by the objective which it sets itself. It aims to provide a Code of the current principles governing the construction of Acts and other legislative instruments in English law, and to provide a critical commentary on them (p. xxviii). It claims to be usable by readers at all levels and provides them with a guide on how to use it. However, closer analysis suggests that the book is more unconventional in its structure than in its objectives. We are presented with


This article aimed to know implementing of Think Pairs Write Techniqe  Improve the Students Writing Descriptive Text to the second year students of MTsN Bireuen). From the title above, the researcher formulated the problem of this research are (1) How does Think  Pairs Write Technique improve the students writing descriptive text at the second year students of MTsN Bireuen. The researchwas done because the researcher found that most of the second year students of MTsN Bireuen especially in class VIII 3 can not write english well, most of them have difficulty in finding the ideas in writing and they were not responsive in learning writing because the technique or writing that used by the teacher at that school were not effective and interactive. The research subject was the second year students of MTsN Bireuen of class VIII 3 . This class consisted of 28 students, the instruments of this research were test, observation sheet, quetionnaires, and field notes. The design of this research was  classroom action research that was done in two cycles. The result of test in the first cycle was 65,8. While in the second cycle total score was 77,7. The students were reached the criteria of success after being model of Think Pairs Write Technique. It was mean that TPW technique improve the students in writing descriptive text.


Sexual health education in primary school is the developmental tendency of international education.It is also an important measure to implement quality-oriented education.Task group realizes the actual situation of sexual health education in primary school in local place on the basis of carrying out questionnaire investigation,carry out the research through investigative data,and put forward some feasible suggestions for sexual health education in primary school.


Since the implementation of the new General Social Assistance Act (1996) in the Netherlands, single parents receiving welfare benefits are required to apply for full-time or part-time work as soon as their youngest child is five years old. This article presents a study of 763 Dutch single mothers, whose were either dependent on welfare benefits or economically independent. The factors influencing these single mothers' participation in the labour market are explored. The results indicate that less educated single mothers, more than well-educated single mothers, conceive of themselves primarily as mothers and not as (paid) employees. However, it is also evident that opting for caring rather than working may in a sense form an escape mechanism, in response to a lack of opportunities on the labour market due to poor or incomplete


Postal automation is a topic of research over the last few years. There are many works towards the postal automation in USA, UK, Japan and Australia, but for Indian postal automation there is no significant work. This paper deals with word-wise handwritten script identification for Indian postal automation. In the proposed scheme at first document skew is detected and corrected. Non-text parts are then segmented from the document using run length smoothing algorithm (RLSA). Next, using a piecewise projection method the destination address block (DAB), is at first segmented into lines and then into words. Using water reservoir concept we compute the busy-zone of the word. Finally, using matra/Shirorekha, water reservoir concept based feature, fractal based feature, etc. a neural network (NN) classifier is generated for word-wise Bangla and English scripts identification. Overall accuracy of the proposed system is at present 9 7.62%.


Radiocarbon dating Pacific archaeological sites is fraught with difficulties. Often situated in coastal beach ridges or sand dunes, sites exhibit horizontal and vertical disturbances, while datable materials such as wood charcoal are typically highly degraded, or derived from old trees or drift wood and bone collagen rarely survives in the tropical conditions. Shell, therefore, is the most logical material for dating Pacific sites since it is resistant to alteration, can be sampled to ensure only the last few seasons of growth are represented and is often closely tied to human economic activities. However, shell radiocarbon (14C) dating has been plagued by interpretive problems largely due to our limited knowledge of the 14C cycle in near shore marine and estuarine environments. Consequently, shell dates are typically ignored in regional chronometric evaluations and often avoided for dating altogether. Recent advances in our understanding of the source of shell 14C content as well as the development of the first South Pacific Gyre model of changing marine 14C over time, combined with Bayesian statistical modelling, have now provided us with insight into the value of these shell radiocarbon dates, enabling a revision of the age of the To'aga site on Ofu Island, an early occupation site associated with the initial Polynesian Plainware period in Samoa, the earliest use of which is now dated to between 2782 and 2667 cal BP.


Introduction. Procuring Complex Performance: Studies of Innovation in Product-Service Management Mickey Howard and Nigel Caldwell Part 1: Conceptual Underpinnings 1. Contracts, Relationships and Integration: Towards a Model of the Procurement of Complex Performance Michael Lewis and Jens Roehrich 2. Commissions and Concessions: A Brief History of Contracting for Complexity in the Public Sector Gary L. Sturgess 3. Contracts and Incentives in the Construction Sector Will Hughes, Wisdom Kwawu and Jan-Bertram Hillig 4. Complex Performance, Process Modularity and the Spatial Configuration of Production Luis Araujo and Martin Spring Part 2: Application and Cases 5. Business Models for Complex Performance: Procuring Aerospace Engineering Design Services Martin Spring and Katy Mason 6. Learning to Procure Complex Performance: A Comparative Study of Highways Agencies in the UK and Netherlands Andreas Hartmann, Andrew Davies and Lars Frederiksen 7. Supply Management in Naval Defence: The Case for PCP Mickey Howard and Joe Miemczyk 8. Delivering Innovation in Hospital Design: Finance, Contracts and the Institutional Context James Barlow et. al. 9. Learning to Deliver a Mega Project: The Case of Heathrow Terminal 5. Tim Brady and Andrew Davies Part 3: Lessons and Implications 10. Product-Service Innovation: Reframing the Buyer-Customer Landscape John Bessant, Mickey Howard and Nigel Caldwell 11. Lessons in Procuring Complex Services Wendy van der Valk and Finn Wynstra 12. Conclusions and Commentary Nigel Caldwell and Mickey Howard


The objective of this collaborative research is to evaluate the impact of a pedagogical intervention that combines flexible grouping and explicit instruction of reading comprehension strategies. The development of competencies is spread over a two years interval. However, despite this quite long implementation period, several Quebec students still had not completely overcome their difficulties in reading comprehension. The study was conducted at an elementary school on the outskirts of Montreal. 76 students participated in the research. Four teachers and one learning specialist planned and experimented these monthly 90-minute classes, which were implemented ten times during the school year. The results show a noticeable reading comprehension improvement, particularly, for students with learning difficulties.


In the case of MIMO systems, coprime factorizations are usually obtained by using the state-space approach [3] which leads to factorizations of higher McMillan degree than necessary. In the present paper, we utilize the geometric factorization theory of BGK [2] to propose a procedure for obtaining coprime factorizations which have minimal McMillan degree.


INTRODUCTION: The prison population is considered a group of great fragility because it presents a considerable prevalence of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs), due to factors related to the socioeconomic level, schooling, family structure and risk practices, especially when dealing with adolescents who are dealing with the recent discovery of sexuality. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the frequency of condom use among adolescents deprived of their liberty. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study, with quantitative approach, carried out at the STD/AIDS Testing and Counseling Center (CTA) in a city in northern Minas Gerais, with secondary data on services to adolescents in conflict with the law, internships at a social-educational center in the city, in 2014. Data were analyzed in a descriptive manner. The study meets the guidelines and standards determined by resolution 466/2012 of the National Health Council (CNS) and was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the State University of Montes Claros - Unimontes. RESULTS: The study sample was composed by 181 male adolescents. The age ranged from 12 to 21 years. Regular condom use in the last year was reported by 32.3% of the adolescents in fixed sexual relations and 39.2% in eventual relations. In the last sexual intercourse, 41.8% of adolescents used the input with fixed partnerships, while 54.3% used it with eventual partnerships. CONCLUSION: The results of this study allowed for the identification of sexual behavior as an important factor of vulnerability to STD/AIDS.


The utility model discloses a capacitive relative humidity sensor based on graphene oxide, which is characterized in that: the humidity sensor comprises a substrate (1), an oxide layer (2), a heating strip (3) and an insulating layer (4), wherein the oxide layer (2), the heating strip (3) and the insulating layer (4) are successively provided above the substrate (1) from bottom to top; the humidity sensor further comprises a first capacitive electrode (5), a second capacitive electrode (6), a passivation layer (7) and a humidity sensitive medium (8); the first capacitive electrode (5) and the second capacitive electrode (6) are respectively provided on the insulating layer (4); the first capacitive electrode (5) and the second capacitive electrode (6) are respectively provided with the passivation layer (7); the humidity sensitive medium (8) is provided between the first capacitive electrode (5) and the second capacitive electrode (6); and the humidity sensitive medium (8) is also provided above the first capacitive electrode (5) and the second capacitive electrode (6). The capacitive relative humidity sensor based on the graphene oxide can improve reliability of the sensor and has simple technological process. The graphene oxide is adopted as the humidity sensitive medium. Furthermore the capacitive relative humidity sensor based on the graphene oxide has the following advantages: high sensitivity, high response speed, small humidity hysteresis return difference, etc.


Objective:The aim of this study is to identify the predictive risk factors related to postoperative complications in patients undergoing laparoscopy-assisted colorectal cancer surgery.Furthermore,this analysis has provided the necessary basis for the prevention and minimization of postoperative complications.Methods:Data of 165 colorectal cancer patients who received laparoscopy-assisted surgery in our hospital,during a period from January 2007 to September 2009,were enrolled in this study.Information about the patients was collected from the case files to set up the database where the clinical factors,such as gender,age,complications,American Society of Anesthesiologists grading (ASA),history of surgery over abdominal region,TNM staging,time of surgery,intraoperative blood loss and converted to open procedure, were retrieved for analysis.The following postoperative complications,such as stomal leak,bowel obstruction,incisional hernia,deep vein thrombosis,postoperative bleeding,pneumonia,hypoproteinemia,wound infection and wound dehiscence were also included.SPSS 17.0 software for windows was used for univariate (Chi-square test and log-likelihood ratio test) and multivariate logistic regression analysis,in order to find the relevant risk factors of post-operative complications. Results:Univariate analysis showed that pulmonary disease (P=0.046) and the time of surgery ≥180 minutes (P= 0.034) were related with postoperative complications of laparoscopy-assisted colorectal cancer surgery.Multivariate analysis indicated that pulmonary disease [adjusted odds ratio (OR):4.474,95% confidence interval (CI) 1.282~15.617] and the time of surgery [adjusted odds ratio (OR):5.018,95% confidence interval (CI) 1.592~15.815] were the main independent risk factors which may affect the occurrence of complications after the surgery.Conclusions Concurrent pulmonary diseases and time of surgery are the independent risk factors of the complications for laparoscopic surgery of colorectal cancer.Laparoscopic assisted colorectal surgery requires strict pre-operative evaluation and appropriate case selection in order to improve the tolerance of patients for pneumoperitoneum and surgery.Decisive conversion to open surgery is needed for difficult laparoscopic-surgery cases.Only when the surgeon with experience in laparoscopic surgery is chosen for conducting the operation,in order to shorten the time of surgery,can satisfactory clinical outcomes be achieved.


The accuracy of dynamic stress-strain behavior for steel plate depends on how experimental technique is utilized properly. In the one bar method, one of the standardized high velocity tensile testing techniques, unfortunately, there is an apparent effect of the output bar supporting method on high strain rate tensile behavior of steel plate. If there is a little misalignment of the loading end of the output bar, lateral vibration of the end leads to an extraordinary-high initial stress peak on dynamic stress-strain curve. The author have been tried to find the optimum supporting condition of the metallic output bar end. Briefly speaking, at least one end of the plate specimen should be designed to be able to rotate in order to release inplane bending due to the misalignment of the bar, and no support or simple support with a V-shaped metallic support should be installed in the testing machine. However, these conditions were not enough to satisfy good reproducibility of the shape of dynamic stress-strain curves for the same specimen material. In this study, with a collar and a sheet made of polytetrafluoroethylene, the sliding energy at the contact area between the output bar and the supporting stand is tried to reduce. Good reproducibility has not been accomplished yet. Obtained experimental results suggest that some amount of contact pre-load should be introduced from the outer surface of the collar to reduce the lateral vibration of the output bar.


Research has begun on use of pulsed C-band radar in multistatic configuration to measure winds in absence of clouds. Experimental system based on principle of multistatic radar. Multiple receivers track on same point in sky to measure winds from different angles, obtaining complete wind vector at that point. Includes one radar station that both transmits and receives and one or more other stations receiving only. Advantage of multistatic configuration greatly reduces effects of ground clutter on receive-only stations. Objective of effort to develop capability to use wind-measurement data to predict, as early and accurately as possible, formation of local thunderstorms-with lead times of several hours.


Load imbalance cause significant performance degradation in High Performance Computing applications. In our previous work we showed that load imbalance can be alleviated by modern MT processors that provide mechanisms for controlling the allocation of processors internal resources. In that work, we applied static, hand-tuned resource allocations to balance HPC applications, providing improvements for benchmarks and real applications. In this paper we propose a dynamic process scheduler for the Linux kernel that automatically and transparently balances HPC applications according to their behavior. We tested our new scheduler on an IBM POWER5 machine, which provides a software-controlled prioritization mechanism that allows us to bias the processor resource allocation. Our experiments show that the scheduler reduces the imbalance of HPC applications, achieving results similar to the ones obtained by hand-tuning the applications (up to 16%). Moreover, our solution reduces the application's execution time combining effect of load balance and high responsive scheduling.


METHODS: Twenty-eight patients, matched on age, gender, wheelchair seat width and SCI level were randomly assigned to either video feedback (VG, meanage = 33.9+10.3 yrs) or control (CG, meanage = 29.6+10.4 yrs) groups. Two reflective markers were attached on the right 3 metacarpophalangeal joint and wheel axle. Both groups received one 30-min propulsion training during which their performance of wheelchair propulsion were recorded by video cameras from the sagittal plane. After each task, the VG observed their own performance via video motion analysis software and received feedback from a therapist to correct errors while the CG received feedback normally given during rehabilitation. Pushrim kinematics and number of strokes (NS) were obtained and compared between four different times: baseline, post-training, retention and transfer tests. A mixed-model ANOVA (2 groups x 4 times) and Bonferroni pos hoc test (p <.05) were employed to determine statistical differences.


The goal of this study is to extend the guarantees provided by the secure transmission protocols such as Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) or Transport Layer Security (TLS) and apply them to the application layer. This paper proposes a comprehensive scheme that allows the unification of multiple security mechanisms, thereby removing the burden of authentication, mutual authentication, continuous authentication, and session management from the application development life-cycle. The proposed scheme will allow creation of high-level security mechanisms such as access control and group authentication on top of the extended security provisions. This scheme effectively eliminates the need for session cookies, session tokens and any similar technique currently in use. Hence reducing the attack surface and nullifying a vast group of attack vectors.


The thermal conductivity detector (TCD) response of hydrogen using helium carrier gas is investigated to obtain a linear response in the 6-60% hydrogen concentration range. The study is conducted using a Hewlett-Packard 5890 Series II GC incorporating either one or two 1.83-m × 3.18-mm stainless steel columns packed with 80/100-mesh HayeSep® D. Replicate data are analyzed using an analysis of variance (ANOVA) for testing the linearity of regression. TCD response curves are generated for replicates of three sets of sample size and TCD temperature: 10 µL and 130°C, 1 mL and 300°C, and 100 µL and 140°C The linearity is limited: 6-32.5% hydrogen and 32.5-66.9% hydrogen for 10 µL, 6-50.3% hydrogen for 1 mL, and nonlinear for 100 µL (0.82-8.7% hydrogen). These results are in sharp contrast to those of Villalobos and Nuss (1965), who report a linear response from 0 to 70% hydrogen with a 50-pL sample. The nonlinear response observed in the present study is hypothesized to be due to better resolution obtained with the HayeSep D columns, producing taller peaks. Consequently, for a given sample size, the maximum concentration in the Gaussian peak surpasses the linear range of the hydrogen-in-helium TCD response, yielding concavedownward curves for small sample sizes.


A combined molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) / chemical vapor deposition (CVD) processing sequence for the fabrication of vertical fully-depleted and partially-depleted " silicon-on-Nothing" metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) devices is introduced. The key idea is that the transistor channel length as well as depletion width are determined by means of well defined epitaxial deposition in the sub-30nm regime. To obtain the " silicon-on-nothing" (SON) transistor channel a sacrificial layer made from Si1-xGex and the selective wet-chemical removal of this layer is used. In a first step, this sacrificial layer, grown under biaxial compression by means of MBE, is used for physical channel length definition and to introduce uniaxial strain to the intrinsic silicon channel, grown afterwards by means of CVD. The thickness of the intrinsic Si layer defines the channel depletion width. In a final step the sacrificial Si1-xGex is selectively removed, and the uniaxial strained silicon channel, connecting source and drain, remains free standing.


The choice of a supply chain strategy and value focus should be supported by specific enterprise capabilities and ultimately result in intended logistical performance. For excellent firms, a demand focus on customer service and proactive quality is more apparent at both the capability and performance levels than a supply focus on cost, productivity, distribution, and speed. Reasons are offered. Strategic intent and normative value congruency for competitive advantage also mean that customer closeness strategies such as customized logistics and agility tend to be supported particularly by demand-side capabilities, while operational excellence strategies such as time-based strategies (e.g., JIT) or lean networks tend to be supported more by supply-side capabilities. While on-time performance and absence of loss-and-damage are minimum order qualifiers, other logistical performance outcomes are order winners depending on the chosen value discipline. Doing it right the first time is more important than problem recovery, yet service failures do provide valuable information for problem diagnosis, organizational learning, and future improvements. Similarly, advanced notification of problems to customers and total performance measurement like overall customer satisfaction are also characteristic of best-in-class firms.


Natural food is mainly vital in the early stages of larval fish when the body has absorbed the york content. Rotifers are one of the zooplankton that can be used to feed natural fish larvae. This study aims to determine the growth and development of Brachionus plicatilis with Nannochloropsis oculata feed, which is cultured by the intermediate scale. The material used is B. plicatilis and N. oculata. The research method uses observational surveys with purposive sampling. Data is taken every day for ten days. The variables observed were population density of B. plicatilis per mL, production of B. plicatilis and growth rate, media temperature, and media salinity. Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA at a 95% confidence level, and the linkages of the parameters performed correlation analysis (r). The results showed that the average number of individuals per mL was significantly different between the times of data collection (p <0.05). The highest population density on the 5th day was 249 ± 1 ind/mL, with a total production of 10,96.10 ind.rotifer. The rate of growth is positive on the first to fifth days. Rotifer population density can be maintained in the salinity range of 31-34 ppt. Temperature fluctuations and media salinity affect the growth of rotifers population densities. Thus the feeding of N. oculata can influence the growth rate and population density of B. plicatilis. Evaluation of PROSIDING SEMINAR NASIONAL RISET TEKNOLOGI TERAPAN: 2020. the peak phase has implications for the right time to harvest B. plicatilis intermediate scale culture. Keyword: Brachionus plicatilis, Density, Development, Growth, Nannochloropsis oculata,


A new millimeter wave radiometer has started operation at the Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Kiruna, Sweden. The location of the instrument (67.8 N, 20.4 E) allows continuous observation of the evolution of ozone and ozone loss related trace gases in the Arctic polar stratosphere. It is designed for measurements of thermal emission lines between 200 and 224 GHz. Observations include ozone, chlorine monoxide, nitrous oxide, and nitric acid. From the measurements profiles between 15 and 60 km altitude can be retrieved.