Extensive studies have linked HPF especially HPV types I6 and 18, with cervical neoplasia. HPVDNA has been detected in 50%-90% of cervical carcinomas and its presence in metastases arising from these cancers is also well-documented (Gissmann et al., 1984; Ikenberg et al., 1993). Like others, we have identified HPV DNA in a significant proportion (up to 92% in our survey) of histologically normal pelvic lymph nodes from cervical cancerpatients, suggesting that HPVDNA analysis may provide a more sensitive means of detecting isolated metastatic cells in lymph nodes than conventional histology (Fuchs et al., 1989; Rose et al., 1992; Nawa et al., 1993). However, the origin of the HPV DNA in histology-negative nodes is of critical importance in assessing the value of this approach. While there is evidence that in some instances the signal is localised in intact undetected malignant cells (Fuchs et al., 1989; Rose et al., 1994), it is likely that in others it is derived from tumour debris carried to the regional lymph nodes by cells of the immune system. The possibility that contamination by prima y tumour cells during surgical procedures may account for some positive results has received little attention. We collected preand post-operative peritoneal washings from 10 patients undergoing radical hysterectomy and lymphadenectomy for early (FIG0 stage l a lIIb) cervical cancer. Washings were also obtained from the surgeon's gloves on completion of each operation. All samples were tested for HPV types 16 and 18 DNA by PCR, and the findings were subsequently related to the presence and type of HPV DNA in the corresponding prima y turnours. A t operation, immediately after the peritoneal cavity was entered, 100 ml of 0.9% NaCl were instilled, agitated and then aspirated using a syringe. Approximately 30 ml of the aspirates were collected into 100-ml sterile containers for HPV DNA studies. The procedure was repeated immediately following the suturing of the retroperitoneum. A t the completion of the operation, the surgeon's gloves were placed into a container of 200 mlO.9% NaCl. After thorough agitation, 30 ml of the washings were reserved for HPV DNA analysis. The washings were centrifiged in 50-ml tubes at 5,OOOg for 5 min. Ten millilitres of sterile distilled water were added to the pellets and the tubes were kept at room temperature for 30 min. After a firther 5-min centtifigation, 300-pl aliquots of 5% Chelex 100 (BioRad, Richmond, CA) were added to the sediments, which were then transferred to 1.5-ml Eppendotf tubes. Samples were incubated at 56°C for 30 min and at 100°C for 8 min, vortexed at high speed for 10 sec and recentrifiged for 3 min. Supernatants were stored at -20°C. Single 10pm parafin sections of corresponding primay cancers were prepared for HPV DNA analysis as previously described (Rose et al., 1992). PCRs on washings and prima y tumours were carried out using E6 ype-specific HPV I6 and 18primers, using extensive precautions to minimise the chances of PCR cross-contamination as previously described (Rose et al., 1992).


This article is devoted simultaneously to several problems of civil law: abuse of right, judicial discretion, legal strength and certainty, each of them deserves separate research attention. At the same time, the author considers them together, since the concept of abuse of right is evaluative, and, as it is known, such concepts always pose a danger to legal certainty, since they do not contain all the features of the phenomena described by them, so their application is possible only within the framework of broad judicial discretion. And here one of the most difficult questions of jurisprudence appears: what are the limits of such discretion, the decision of which largely depends on the correctness of the courts' qualification of the subject's actions as malicious law enforcement. At first glance, it turns out to be a vicious circle! However, the author comes to an unexpected conclusion that the activity of the Supreme court of the Russian Federation, whose decisions often play the role of judicial precedents, regulates the process of applying the rules on abuse of right and thereby provides legal certainty.


The south approach spans of Runyang Bridge are designed as a 5-span continuous box girder with constant section with side spans asymmetrically arranged. During construction of the approach spans, the self-accommodation control method is used, and the geometry of the girder is brought under effective control, though the control in the construction is rather difficult.


Background: COVID 19 is an ongoing pandemic that has affected people and health workers world-wide. Health care workers not only face short term effects but also long-term psychological consequences due to these stressful situations. Coping strategies can influence health however coping strategies among medical fraternity have not been studied adequately. Methodology: A cross sectional descriptive study was done through an online self-reporting survey model. The BRIEF COPE tool developed by Carver et al was used to assess the coping style. The coping strategy employed was compared to socio-demographic and other variables like professional experience Results: Increasing age was positively correlated with emotion focused and problem focused coping strategies. Marital status had a positive correlation with emotion and problem focused strategies Conclusion: Coping styles in medical professionals differs from those of the general population seen in previous studies. Within the group of medical professionals, those with higher age, higher designation and being married were more likely to use problem focused and emotion focused coping mechanisms which are in general adaptive strategies.


On 7 June 1873, American newspapers (mistakenly) reported the sudden death of the 35-yearold Victoria Claflin Woodhull, energizer of the National Woman Suffrage Association. The nature of the unexpected catastrophe constitutes an enigma in the historical record of her notorious and tumultuous life'. The meagre reported physical signs and symptoms fail to account for the precipitous event; equally mysterious was her astounding recovery, with an absence of such sequelae as would be expected from a profound disease state producing such an alarming situation. After her "near death", Victoria would live an additional 54 years, be totally expunged from the history of the women's movement, establish herself in England and marry a scion of one of Britain's oldest banking families, John Biddulph Martin. When John died after 19 years of marriage she moved, in 1901, from their London mansion to the Cotswolds, to one of the several Martin family holdings, Norton Park, on Bredon Hill, overlooking the Severn and Avon rivers and the Malvern Hills. Though possessed of remarkable native intellect and of fierce independence and the courage to pursue her ideals recklessly, she believed the course of her life from birth in abject poverty to lady of the manor was supernaturally directed. A monogram incorporating the word KISMET in the design had headed the stationery of her London home. At the manor, KISMET in foot-high letters dominated the stained glass partition separating the entry from the foyer into the gathering room. However, she insisted that the manor be known as "Brain Rest'? (Figure 1). To Victoria, the thought that the ladies strolling through her gardens would regard the appellation "Brain Rest" to have only whimsical meaning, comparable to "Sweet Repose" or "Journey's End", undoubtedly was a source of suppressed amusement. The merest allusion would have sufficed to illuminate an entirely different story, a clue to her near-death experience. Their curiosity would have


The following project covers the stages of design, implementation and testing of a telemedicine prototype aimed for emergency medical assistance, using Microsoft Mixed Reality device called Hololens. The objective of this project is to provide support to health professionals in emergency situations and/or consultations in which there is no specialized staff that serves the needs of patients immediately, in remote or difficult access localizations. In first place, several terms will be explained, such as: Telemedicine, Virtual Reality, Augmented Reality, Mixed Reality, and all the fields of application that currently exist will be explained. Also, it will be detailed the levels of health care in Ecuador and define the level of biggest impact. Later, the procedures and guidelines on how to treat the patient in certain emergency situations will be explained, which will be shown in the application that will be developed for the device used; this will be tested in the Clinical Simulation Center of the Faculty of Health Sciences of UDLA, thus demonstrating the usefulness of the device both, in the application and in the real time support that the treating health professional receives from the specialist. This project can be used as a reference for future research aimed at expanding the capacity and usefulness of these technologies currently available in the health field.


Based on set pair analysis connection numbers,a method of selecting main defense directions is proposed.Firstly,attribute weights and attribute values are expressed in the terms of internal numbers.Then,the connection numbers of the proposals is gained by the internal numbers.Finally,the order and priority of the proposals is finished according to the set pair situation.This method can avoid comparing and ranking internal numbers,involve less computation and allow easier application.An illustrative example is given to demonstrate the feasibility and practicability of the proposed method.


Flow profile analysis and flow rate estimation with ultrasound Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) tools were performed in a pipe flow varying the Reynolds number from 4.33x10E5 to 1.67x10E6. This study investigated the flow rate computation right downstream a 90 deg curvature pipe with a clamp-on multi-path ultrasonic flow meter (UFM) and a compensation scheme for the time-of-flight (TOF) errors due to the asymmetrical flow profile. The challenge is to model through the CFD analysis the separation region in the intrados of the pipe's elbow and its influence on the flow velocity profile, in order to calibrate the flow rate computations. The use of the matched filtering technique improves the performances in terms of measurement precision, which is validated by the numerical models. The experimental measurements on TOF differences in the pipe's elbow prove the interest of such approach for the improvement of the flow rate computations in the case of relative high turbulent flows.


Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide a high-speed AC-coupled inverter-based buffer, which may be used as a buffer for a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO), for example. One example buffer for a VCO generally includes a first inverter stage having an input node configured to receive a first complementary signal of a differential pair, a second inverter stage having an input node configured to receive a second complementary signal of the differential pair, a biasing stage replicating the first inverter stage or the second inverter stage, wherein an output node of the biasing stageis connected with an input node of the biasing stage, a first impedance coupled between the input node of the first inverter stage and the input node of the biasing stage, and a second impedance coupled between the input node of the second inverter stage and the input node of the biasing stage.


Change detection (CD) is an important topic in the remote sensing community. Although many CD works exist using spatial information or spectral information only, few works have incorporated both in the CD process. We propose a fused spatial-spectral feature vector for use in a maximum likelihood correlation coefficient (MLCC)-based change detector where the resulting test statistic provides the ability to label changes as departures or arrivals relative to the reference image. Results show that incorporating both spatial and spectral information has an advantage over either one independently. Additionally, incorporating spatial and spectral information in the CD process adds some robustness in the presence of misregistration errors.


1. A washing machine comprising a housing (22, 222), the camera (1, 201) for washing products and a dispenser (2, 202) of liquid detergent with at least one first compartment (3, 203) for receiving the container (4, 204) with soft walls, intended for liquid detergent, wherein the first compartment (3, 203) is provided with a peristaltic pump (6, 206) providing a repeating compressing at least one portion (5, 205) of the container to supply the metered quantity of liquid detergent from the compartment (3, 203) into the chamber (1, 201) for washing articles, characterized in that at least one first compartment (3, 203) and a peristaltic pump (6, 206) are arranged on a movable relative to the housing (22, 222) member (23, 223). ! 2. Washing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the movable member (23, 223) has at least one second compartment (10, 210) for the detergent, in fluid communication with means (9) for feeding the water and with the first compartment (3, 203) for subsequent cleaning liquid from the first compartment (3, 203). ! 3. Washing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the dispenser (2, 202) of liquid detergent comprises an electronic board (14) for controlling the stepper motor (13) driving the peristaltic pump (6, 206). ! 4. Washing machine according to claim 2, characterized in that the dispenser (2, 202) of liquid detergent comprises an electronic board (14) for controlling the stepper motor (13) driving the peristaltic pump (6, 206). ! 5. Washing machine according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that the peristaltic pump (6, 206) is electrically connected to a secondary circuit (19) connected to the movable member (23, 223), wherein the secondary circuit (19) noncontact manner powered by ne


ABSTRACT Wheeled armored vehicles (WAVs) are designed for military applications, but they are frequently used in special disaster relief missions during floods caused by severe global climate change. To tackle threats arising from environmental change, developing WAVs with amphibious functions will inevitably become a trend in the future. The purpose of this study is to investigate the hydrodynamic performance of WAVs. An existing WAV model is adopted as a starting point, and computational fluid dynamic (CFD) techniques are used for performing analyses. This study analyzes the relationship between the configuration of a WAV and the sailing resistance. Two computation modes are associated with CFD used for flow simulation around the vehicles: the relative motion and absolute motion computation modes. The results of the simulations obtained through these two modes have been discussed and compared to develop an efficient tool for performing hydrodynamic performance analysis of amphibious wheeled armored vehicles (AWAV).


This article provides how-to' s of being more accurate in long jump w ith run-up.It is very essential to the accuracy of lon g jump to apply psychological traini ng together with run-up to long jump.


Objective To evaluate the effect of minocycline on the prevention of dry socket after tooth extraction.Methods A total of 126 patients who had been extracted the mandibular impacted tooth were selected from the Affiliated Hospital of Shaoguan Medical College,who were randomly divided into two groups. In the experimental group,minocycline were put into the sockets after the mandibular impacted tooth were extracted; in the control group,the wounds were not put any materials until they were healed. The incidence of dry socket after 1 week was observed. Results One patient had dry socket after tooth extraction in the experimental group; in the control group,eight patients suffered from dry socket after tooth extraction. There was significant difference in the incidence of dry sodket between the two groups( P 0. 05). Conclusion In order to prevent the incidence of dry socket,especially in impacted tooth extraction which are more traumatic and the operating time is longer. It is a good choice to prevent dry socket by putting minocycline into socket after the operation.


Rabies was found in 0.5-3.7% of mongooses (Herpestes auropunctatus) trapped in Grenada between 1968 and 1972. The difference in the proportions of rabid mongooses during this period was significant and suggested a fluctuation in the incidence of the disease. Serum neutralizing antibodies were found in 18.9% of animals examined, indicating a high transmission rate between mongooses. In addition the behaviour of rabid mongooses is described, and the virus titers in organs from some of these animals are recorded. Human, domestic animal, and livestock involvement in the basic mongoose rabies cycle is discussed.


The present invention relates to a large storage tank hydraulic jacking flip-automatic welding construction method, safety, reliability, advanced. Tank welding quality to meet regulatory requirements, to overcome the large storage tank "law suits" aerial work more, large cranes large investment and other issues. The present invention comprises the steps of: floor, wall, floating roof, preformed attachment → tank bottom installation, welding hydraulic jacking device mounting → → → track mounted transverse welder top wall pair, and the longitudinal seam welded → → tank top wall mounting → lift plate wall panels, a longitudinal seam welding girth welding → → → top edge of the panel mounting plate welding. The present invention is a "dress law", "horizontal submerged arc welding machine" has been modified, i.e., from "hanging" transformed into "orbital", so that the "flip-chip" Adaptation. Using side welding process. Using "flip-chip", to overcome the large storage tank "method suits" the drawbacks present during manufacture and installation.


Objective: To analyze the pharmacotherapeutic profile and factors associated with the health of polymedicated elderly people who attended the Basic Health Unit (BHU) or the Community Elderly Center (CEC) in the municipality of Sinop-MT. Methods: Qualitative study with 30 elderly individuals, 15 from each place. The data were obtained by applying specific forms during 5 months. The drugs were classified according to the Anatomical Therapeutic and Chemical Classification. The inappropriate drugs (ID) for the elderly were classified by the Beers-Fick criteria. Results: There was a greater use of drugs to cardiovascular system (CS) (38.7%) and central nervous system (CNS) (20.7%) at the BHU, while those at the CEC used (39.7%) of drugs to CS and alimentary tract and metabolism (ATM) (20.4%). However, the elderly at the BHU obtained a higher number of ID (14.4%) compared to the CEC (12.09%), with a greater number of possible drug interactions (DI) (95) versus (46) from the ICC. Conclusion: The pharmacotherapeutic profile differed between the groups, with CS, CNS and, ATM classes prevailing. The use of polypharmacy was common, with an ID percentage of 12,0% and 14.4% and a greater amount of moderate DI. Pharmaceutical care is crucial for improving pharmacotherapy in polymedicated elderly.


HE following document shows how a microcontroller was installed to replace a control system based on Programmable Logic Controller PLC [1]. The PLC of the system was damaged, so it was necessary the installation of a microcontroller [2] opening more possibilities to control the automated system, this as well as a menu screen that accepts the modification of the properties of concrete, in this case the resistance. The machinery is mounted on a truck tract as shown in figure 1


The Process Of Making Organic Fertilizer requires a certain temperature and humidity to keep the microorganisms used to be able to stay alive and can decompose perfectly, for that it is necessary to monitor temperature and humidity. Along with the development of this technology, it can be done by remote automation using a microcontroller on the ESP8266 nodemcu based on IoT (Internet Of Things), which is combined with the DS18B20 sensor for temperature measurement and soil moisture sensor, as a humidity meter with a temperature unit of °C. The humidity meter is an analog signal, the larger the value, the more humid of organic fertilizer. Acquired measurement data is sent to the Smartphone using an internet-connected ESP8266 monitoring temperature and humidity, which can be viewed via the Blynk App.


The 5.4m tissue converting line has arrived, and it could transform our concept of a tissue mill by integrating the papermaking and converting operations. This would eliminate the need for the traditional slitting, combining and rewinding areas and bring significant savings in capital and operational costs in addition to space savings. This paper describes the new technology which made the 5.4m line possible, and presents the economic benefits it will bring to tissue mills. Fabio Perini Spa, a company of the Korber Group, manufactures converting equipment for toilet tissue, kitchen towels and industrial rolls. In this specific business they are the world market leaders, with a share of 75%.


A new kind of chiral stent was designed by three-dimensional lozenge grid structure structure with four ligaments. Based on the conventional beam theory and energy conservation principle, in-plane Poisson's ratio and equivalent Young's modulus are derived, and finite element analysis was employed to validate the analytical estimates of the elastic module. Then the FEM models are used to investigate the elastic deformation behaviours of lozenge grid structure. The calculated results of equivalent elastic modulus based on beam theory are in consistent with those obtained by finite element method. The theoretical and numerical results show that lozenge grid structure stent proposed in this paper is negative Poisson's ratio material. The presented theory could be used in designing new hierarchical honeycomb structures for multifunctional applications.


A study on the mapping possibility of the imaginary refractive index of transparent materials has been carried out. This study aims to find the physics explanation behind the posibility on developing optical transmission computed tomography scanner. The imaginary refractive index may be reconstructed to develop the cross sectional features of transparent materials construction and composition. The imaginary refractive index that is proportional to the linear attenuation coefficient of the materials and to wavelength of the penetrated radiation could be derived based on Maxwell Equations. The parameter is also responsible to the electrical conductivity of the material. Based on Poynting vector concept, the Beer-Lambert Law could be derived and used as the foundation of developing an optical transmission computed tomography system which yields a reconstructed image, in which the real and imaginary refractive index, linear attenuation coefficient and material composition might be concluded.


In the province of British Columbia, only 49% of Aboriginal1 students, in contrast to 83% of all British Columbia students, complete high school2 (British Columbia Ministry of Education 2008). Remedial efforts by educators, the provincial government, and leaders of First Nations communities are focused on academic performance and school retention of Aboriginal students. At this time, there is cause for some guarded optimism. The How Are We Doing? Demographics and Performance of Aboriginal Students in BC Public Schools series indicates that over a nine-year period, the Aboriginal school completion rate has increased from 37% in the 1998/99 to a high of approximately 50% in the 2004/05 and 2005/06 school years. In contrast, the increase for non-Aboriginal students has been more modest (from 76% in the 1998/99 year to the most recent 83% rate). Over this same time the BC Ministry of Education reports Aboriginal participation and performance rates in grades 4, 7 and 10 for reading, writing, and numeracy components of the Foundation Skills Assessment (FSA)—a standardized test administered provincewide—have improved. The Aboriginal Education Enhancement branch of the BC Ministry of Education articulates policies regarding the education of Aboriginal students. In recent years the Ministry of Education has been pursuing formal Enhancement Agreements (EAs), or partnerships, with First Nations people province-wide. EAs now exist between thirty-six school boards and Aboriginal communities, and they are being negotiated in most of the other twenty-two school districts. The goals of the EAs are to improve the relationships between Aboriginal communities and schools and to improve academic achievement and graduation rates of Aboriginal students. The guiding policies behind these agreements make evident a desire to improve the climate of schools for Aboriginal parents and students by sharing decision making and establishing cultural and language programs. As well, the EAs set the


The basic performance indicators of paper machines and cardboard machines drying units are presented in the article. Reasons of acting machines manufacturing capacity decrease and heat energy excessive consumption are described. The objective and tasks of paperand cardboard machines performance increasing are outlined.


The objective of this thesis is to develop mathematical models of visual perception based on cortical architectures and to apply them to reproduce phenomenological experiments and to process natural images. We primarly focus on low level vision tasks and in particular we are interested in the problem of grouping and of individuation of perceptual units. In this setting we will face the problem of the reconstruction of illusory figures and the detection of retinal vessels in optical images. Then we consider the problem of encoding and decoding of the fMRI signal from in vivo acquired brain activity of visual cortex. This allows to estimate the structure of the cortex of a specific human patient and eventually to reconstruct the visual stimulus from fMRI activity, in a so called "brain reading" strategy. The difference between our approach and the state of the art literature consists in using previously defined neuromathematical models of the cortices as a-priori knowledge to regularise in vivo estimated structure. Even if it is a long term objective, we propose a first approach to improve the results in this field. The entire work of this thesis has been developed taking into account results from phenomenology of perception and results of neurophysiology.In the field of the phenomenology of perception, at the beginning of the last century, the theory of the Gestalt psychology [Wertheimer, 1938, Kohler, 1947, Kofka, 1935] defined the integration of contours and in particular they defined grouping laws underlying perception. These are crucial in the construction of visual objects: points with characteristics in common can be grouped together to form a new visual object. Many psychophysical experiments have been proposed to measure the quantitative parameters of these laws. A particular interest of this thesis is the concept of association fields introduced by Field et al. [1993] which encodes different Gestalt principles (as good continuation, proximity). They showed that stimulus co-linearity and co-circularity play an important role for the feature of grouping. Their study showed how chances of perceiving the curvilinear path were high if the orientation of its features was the one tangent at that point and collapsed as their relative orientation deviated from being tangent...


The CEPGL and its member states, like most low-income countries, have a very large public external debt and a weakness in terms of investment. Hence the question of asking "What impact can the public debt have on public and private investment? ". To carry out this study, two models were specified on the basis of the existing theoretical and empirical literature and according to the specificities of the economy of the CEPGL and its member countries. After preliminary tests (individual effects tests and Hausman specification test) which led to INVPRI estimation through the FMOLS and MCO and INVPUB estimation by the GLS, it appears that of this study, that public investment positively impacts private investment and vice versa, the government-backed stock of public debt, on the other hand, has a negative impact on private investment, contrary to its positive relationship with the private sector public investment. As for the servicing of the public debt and guaranteed by the State, it negatively influences the investment (public and private long-term) contrary to its impact on long-term private investment.


Using symplectic chain complex, a formula for the Reidemeister torsion of product of oriented closed connected even dimensional manifolds is presented. In applications, the formula is applied to Riemann surfaces, Grassmannians, projective spaces and these results will be applied to manifolds of pure bipartite states with Schmidt ranks. M.S.C. 2010: 32G15, 57R30, 81P40.


Objective To assess the differences between the chemosensitivity of pirarubicin(THP)and epirubicin(EPI)in breast cancer by comparing their sensitivity in primary culture of breast cancer cells.Methods 129 fresh breast cancer samples were collected from Breast Cancer Treatment Center in Cancer Hospital of Tianjin Medical University.The chemosensitivity of THP and EPI in breast cancer cells was measured by collagen gel droplet embedded culture drug sensitivity test.Results There was no significant difference in chemosensitivity of breast cancer cells between THP and EPI(P=0.743).The sensitivity of breast cancer cells to these two drugs had a certain correlation(P=0.001)and the Spearman correlation coefficient was 0.294.Conclusion There was no difference in chemosensitivity of breast cancer cells to THP and EPI.Drug sensitivity of breast cancer cells to the two drugs has a certain correlation.Pirarubicin as well as epirubicin can be used as conventional chemotherapy for breast cancer.CD-DST is an effective method for choice of the anthracycline in clinic.


A boronate-based fluorescent probe 1 for the selective monitoring of intracellular peroxynitrite has been developed. The probe takes advantage of the fast reaction of an arylboronate group with peroxynitrite, yielding a corresponding phenol that undergoes spontaneous subsequent reactions to produce a strongly fluorescent product associated with a large turn-on signal.


To prevent the duty cycle loss of full-bridge converter controlled by the phase-shifting method,a high frequency high voltage X-ray power supply is proposed.It combines full bridge LLC(FB-LLC) series resonant converter with bipolar single-phase symmetrical voltage multiplier.FB-LLC series resonant,high voltage transformer and bipolar single-phase symmetrical voltage multiplier are used in the main circuit.The LLC series resonant circuit and working conditions of soft switch are analyzed.The fundamental harmonic approximation model is established.The parameters of the main circuit are designed.The simulation results show that the output voltage adjusted continuously within 40~120 kV and without duty cycle loss.The X-ray power supply is proposed to achieve a quick rise and low ripple of output voltage.According to the simulation results,the proposed topology is correct and reliable.


Written in the early 1970s by renowned anthropologist Marilyn Strathern, the manuscript for Before and After Gender: Sexual Mythologies of Everyday Life has remained in storage for four decades. Published in 2016 with an accompanying afterword by Judith Butler, this book is now available to read for the first time. Mari Valdur welcomes the opportunity to embark on this challenging and rewarding journey into Strathern's critical interrogation of the mythologies of sex and gender that still shape everyday life.


This paper discusses the network synchronization with the Kuramoto phase oscillator being used as an individual node.The order parameter is taken as an index for scaling the network synchronizability.Firstly,the effect of the coupling strength is studied on the synchronizability of a BA scale-free network and the critical coupling strength for global synchronization can be obtaied.Then,the synchronizability of three kinds of networks are compared which are ER random networks,NW small world networks and BA scale-free networks.The results show that BA scale-free networks are prone to have partial synchronization,ER random networks are much easier to realize global synchronization and NW small-world networks are relative difficult to realize synchronization among the three topologies.


The aim of the present study is to analyse the image of Iran, created by E. G. Browne (1862-1926) in his travelogue A Year amongst the Persians. In his representation, Browne vacillates between two poles of Romantic and scientific discourses. On the one hand, he is a Romantic wanderer, who embarks on a  quest of Departure, Initiation and Return in the space of the Other (Campbell, 2004, p. 28) . Based on such an idealistic perspective, in his one year quest in Iran which is mainly spend among the marginalized  believers of the Bahai faith, Browne (1893) seeks for a rebirth of the decaying Iranian nation, "which slumbers, but is not dead" (p. 219) . On the other hand,  Browne (1893) regards himself as an "inquirer" who in his observations maintains a detached scientific perspective towards Iranian culture and society, and does not hesitate to question the principles which he finds unacceptable (p. 529) . In the course of his journey, the tension between these two discourses leads to a subversion of both of them, which finally mirrors in a breakdown of Browne's conception of Self and the Other. Browne's recognition of the Self and the Iranian nation, at the end of his journey is through the space of inter-subjectivity. This final state of in-betweenness makes it possible for him to recognize the Other from the perspective of cultural difference,  through which a possibility is created in his image of Iran to escape the "urge to possess" that the Orientalist discourse of travel writing entails. (Ashcroft, 2009, p. 230) Keywords: representation; Self; Other; subversion; in-betweenness


In this article, we prepared poly(acrylonitrile)(PAN)/LiI/activated carbon (Ac. carbon) composite gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) and investigated its working mechanism in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) for the first time. The gel electrolyte, formed by a hot pressing method, is composed of poly(acrylonitrile) (PAN) as a gelling agent, ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), I2, 4-tert-butyl pyridine and 1-N-butyl-3-hexyl imidazolium iodide. We synthesised GPEs with the addition of different concentrations of Ac. carbon instead of the ceramic filler for application in DSSCs. The TiO2 photoelectrode films with 20 μm thicknesses were prepared by the hand spray technique. In addition, we also prepared PAN/SiO2 (∼20 nm) based gel electrolytes using the same procedure without Ac. carbon, and compared them to the optimal results. The GPEs were characterised by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The electrochemical properties of the cells and the electrical conductivities of the GPEs were measured from the complex impedance plots. We found that the PAN/Ac. carbon GPE shows the best electrical conductivity of about 8.67 × 10−3 S cm−1. Cyclic voltammograms reveal that the PAN/Ac. carbon gel electrolyte itself has some catalytic behaviour, which may enhance its photovoltaic performance. Finally, we fabricated a DSSC based on this GPE and it exhibited the best solar cell efficiency of 8.42%, which is only 1% lower than that of a DSSC based on the conventional liquid electrolyte (9.5%).


The neo-classical theory assumes that a static efficiency of labor allocation can be achieved through the equilibrium of labor supply and demand in the perfectly competitive labor market.Labor is one of the pure production factors in this theory.But it is not enough if taking into account the interests and needs of a person.The function of labor market is also to enhance the fair and security of worker participation through labor market regulations.In China's labor market,the allocation of labor should be optimized,meanwhile,the equity and security of participation should also be strengthened,so as to realize the unity of efficiency and fairness in labor market.


The abilities of in-network caching in Named Data Networking (NDN) agrees to enable effective data dissemination throughout the globe without requiring the end-to-end communication infrastructure. The goal of this study is to develop an efficient content placement strategy for the NDN caching module to achieve the enhanced performance for the NDN network. In this work, optimizations of the problems in NDN-based caching strategies are formulated and to solve these problems, a new caching strategy is designed Named as Efficient Hybrid Content Placement (EHCP). The aim of the EHPC strategy is to reduce the multiple replications of homogeneous contents at numerous locations during data dissemination and to increase the diverse number of contents along the data delivery path. In addition, the effect of the cache-hit ratio, hop-decrement, and content redundancy is shown by comparing the proposed caching strategy with other state-of-the-art caching strategies in a simulation environment. The consequences show that the proposed strategy delivers an enhanced number of heterogeneous contents in terms of improving content diversity ratio along with the higher cache-hit ratio. Moreover, with different cache sizes, EHCP performs better in terms of content redundancy and hop-decrement as compared to the existing state-of-the-art strategies.


The chapter is focused on the problem of educational interactions within E-learning environment. The main questions are: how E-learning environment participants initiate and maintain communication and how an E-learning environment quality can be accessed via the educational interactions analysis? Two directions of E-learning environment interactions assessment are described: formalized assessment, carried out by a teacher on the account of basic educational interactions algorithms; students' self-assessment. The first direction of assessment is proposed to be carried out with the use of basic algorithms of educational interactions in E-learning environment; while the second direction of assessment involves telecommunication reflexive educational technology.


The trendy acronym VUCA, short for volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity, is what people and organizations alike are living, breathing and navigating through every moment. Businesses are unable to see what lies around the next corner, let alone months or years down the line.The digital disruption is overturning incumbents and reshaping markets; it is redefining industries and business models; redesigning products and services; and rewriting people (customer, employee, and stakeholder) expectations and experiences. To add to the woes, prosumers, are increasingly collaborating and sharing goods and services in globally distributed networked creative commons at near zero marginal costs disrupting the working of capitalist markets. The slogan "innovate or die," is becoming true for many brands, but innovation and creativity do not come easy. As a result, businesses today, aspire to 'think' like designers and apply the design principles to address 'evershifting' problems and to excel in the workplace. Today design is about customer adoption and experience, market relevance, and meaningful results. The article proposes using design thinking and service design, a practical and proven technique for these companies to change their trajectory and set the stage for innovation and drive growth. It does by bridging the gap between what companies know (strategy, data, analytics, insights) and do (products, services, interactions) with what they should be doing (empathy, context, content, convenience, conversations, connect, engage).


The new Phoenix Unit is a low secure two storey mental health rehabilitation unit to accommodate 18 patients. In plan it is formed of a circular curve, with principal accommodation on one floor to facilitate observation and aid staff safety within the unit. The building has been set within landscaped gardens, heavily planted to enhance the existing ecology, with a walled garden to enable patients to tend to plants as part of their daily activities.


For studying and controlling the vibration effects present at vehicular road transportation, the quantitative estimation and laboratory simulation of the same becomes vital. Using an accelerometer, the vibration acceleration was measured in terms of power spectral density (PSD) in dB/Hz unit. Average of the maximum vertical vibration (PSDmax) levels produced by the truck over the time of experiment were 0.005 dB/Hz, 0.01 dB/Hz and 0.05 dB/Hz at the front, middle and rear of the truck-bed respectively. Vertical vibration acceleration levels present at actual vehicular road transportation were simulated at the laboratory using a fabricated electro-dynamic vibrator. PSDmax levels met at the actual road transportation by truck were simulated at the laboratory by varying the eccentric mass and the loaded-weight of the vibrator. Eccentric mass adjusted in between 200 g and 300 g permits generation of PSDmax levels of interest on the vibrator at no-load. Loading a weight in the range from 15 kg to 60 kg allows generation of the required PSDmax levels when the eccentric mass is set to 400 g. By adjusting mutually the eccentric mass and the loaded-weight, the vibrator is capable of simulating the PSDmax levels of the interest. Keywords: Vibration sensor, Accelerometer, Vibration simulator, Vehicular vibration, Fruit quality degradation


Objective
To observe the effect of lung protective ventilation on children with acute respiratory distress syndrome primarily from pulmonary diseases(ARDSp)and acute respiratory distress syndrome primarily from extra-pulmonary diseases(ARDSexp).

Methods
Between January 2003 and December 2014, 354 children with ARDS admitted in PICU of Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University were enrolled and devided into ARDSp protective-ventilation group(n=154), ARDSp conventional-ventilation group(n=96), ARDSexp protective-ventilation group(n=72)and ARDSexp conventional-ventilation group(n=32). The patients in ARDSp protective-ventilation group and ARDSexp protective-ventilation group received lower tidal volume(6-8 ml/kg) and high levels of positive end-expiratory pressure(PEEP), and optimal oxygenation was achieved by adjusting FiO2 and PEEP.The patients in ARDSp conventional-ventilation group and ARDSexp conventional-ventilation group received relatively higher tidal volume(10-12 ml/kg), and optimal oxygenation was achieved by adjusting FiO2 and PEEP.The mortality, ventilator days and PICU stay days were compared among the four groups.

Results
The mortality, ventilation days, and PICU stay days were lower in ARDSp protective-ventilation group than those of ARDSp conventional-ventilation group[35.29% vs.45.62%, 12(2-44)d vs.16(3-26)d, 16(2-67)d vs.22(3-56)d], but there were no significant differences(P>0.05). The mortality, ventilation days, and PICU stay days were also lower in ARDSexp protective-ventilation group than those of conventional-ventilation group[22.22% vs.46.87%, 9(1-19)d vs.16(1-21)d, 14(1-66)d vs.25(1-47)d], which showed significant differences(P<0.05).

Conclusion
Lung protective ventilation may improve the outcome for pediatric patients with ARDSexp, however, larger trials are required before a definite conclusion can be reached.

Key words:
Acute respiratory distress syndrome; Lung protective ventilation


Objective:To explore the prevalence and effect factors of breast diseases among the married women in rural area of Bangbu city,provide basic data for carrying out prevention and treatment works of breast diseases. Methods:A stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 3 089 married women,then the related problems of breast diseases were surveyed by a questionnaire.All the 3 089 married women received breast examination,the contents included clinical physical examination and infrared inspection of mammary gland. Results:The prevalence of breast diseases among the married women in rural area of Bangbu city was 13.3%,the top three breast diseases were hyperplasia,fibroadenoma,and inflammatory diseases of mammary gland,the prevalences were 12.9%,0.3%,and 0.1%,respectively.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that compared with the rural married women of childbearing age with junior high school educational level or above,without dysmenorrhea,induced abortion history,and abortion history,the women with primary school educational level or above,with dysmenorrhea,induced abortion history,and abortion history had higher risk of breast diseases;compared with the rural married women of childbearing age with age≤29 years,menstrual cycle≤24 days,low amount of menstruation,and average annual family income≤5 000 Yuan,the women with age29 years,long menstrual cycle,high amount of menstruation,and high average annual family income had higher risk of breast diseases. Conclusion:The incidences of breast diseases are relatively high among the rural married women,and they are affected by many factors,general investigation should be carried out regularly,and secondary prevention of breast diseases should be enhanced.


Computer Graphics Metafile (CGM) is one of the most widely and successfully used computer graphics file format, and was international standard from ISO and IEC, since 1987. The CGM files are still actively used especially in computer aided design (CAD) applications, and computer graphics data exchange. It also has a variation of WebCGM, which is widely used with Web documents including HTML5. In this paper, we present the functional details of the latest CGM standard, and design strategy and detailed designs for the decoding front-end part of the CGM binary encoding. We also present the prototype implementation. Our implementation will be used for the full-scale CGM implementation, in near future.


The invention discloses a miniaturized substrate integrated waveguide circulator, and relates to the technology of microwave. A circulator centre junction part and a micro-strip converting and connecting part arranged at an output port are arranged on a medium base plate of which two sides are respectively provided with a metal layer, wherein the centre junction part comprises three substrate integrated waveguide structures which are mutually to be 120 degrees and a center ferrite body column, the micro-strip converting and connecting part comprises a linear gradually-changing micro-strip line arranged at a first port and two composite gradually-changing micro-strip lines symmetrically arranged at a second port and a third port along with an axis, the linear gradually-changing micro-strip line is arranged on a symmetry axis, each composite gradually-changing micro-strip line comprises an arc gradually-changing part and a linear gradually-changing part, the centre junction part is respectively connected with a 50-ohm micro-strip line interface by the linear gradually-changing micro-strip line and the two composite gradually-changing micro-strip lines, and the two composite gradually-changing micro-strip lines are arranged in a waveguide structure. The miniaturized substrate integrated waveguide circulator is better in performance, smaller in volume, lighter in weight, and higher in integrated level.


This study aims of study to illustrate an increase in student scores in integrated thematic learning used the STAD cooperative model in class 4 elementary schools. This type of research is Classroom Action Research (PTK) used quantitative and qualitative approaches. The place of the research was carried out by the State Elementary School 27 Rawang, Pesisir Selatan Regency. The results of this study indicate: the assessment of the Learning Implementation Plan in cycle I 87.46% then increased in cycle II 97.22%, assessment of aspects of teachers and aspects of students in the first cycle was 82% then increased in the second cycle 96%, the assessment of attitudes in the first cycle was good, then in the second cycle it became very good, the assessment of the knowledge aspects for the first cycle obtained a value of 84.5  then increased in cycle II to a value of 89.5 , the assessment of the skills aspect in cycle I obtained a value of 75.3 then increased in cycle II to 93.


( Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) represents the major ew advance for treatment of heart failure since the start of the ew millennium. With this therapy, failing hearts with discoordiate contraction due to conduction delay are subjected to bivenricular stimulation to "resynchronize" contraction and improve hamber function. Remarkably, CRT was mostly developed and ested in patients first, and the speed at which the concept was ranslated to an approved clinical therapy was unusually quick. To ate, CRT is the only heart failure treatment that can both acutely nd chronically improve the systolic pump performance of the ailing human heart yet also enhance long-term survival. This ituation underscores the importance of understanding how CRT orks at the molecular and cellular levels, as these insights might hed light on new approaches to treating heart failure more enerally. Over the past 7 years, my laboratory and others at Johns


This paper discusses main attack methods by use of fleet five and integrated electronic countermeasure technique based on networked fleet communication network and seamless detection network,introduces structural coonfiguration,composition and main functions of network centric combat command system of navy ship fleet.lmplementation of the system will improve capability of combat for ship fleet in the modern naval warfare.


This work is based on the performance of biodiesel blends with diesel in providing for a suitable alternative fuel. There are various methods in which the biodiesel blends are made. Every approach uses the preparation of biofuel initially from a parent oil blend. Here cottonseed oil is taken to make biodiesel. For the conversion ionic liquids have been used as catalysts. The process of transesterification has shorter reaction times with ionic liquid usage. Then subsequently test is made on a diesel engine particularly suited for alternative fuels to find out the biodiesel performance. All the tests to find the suitability of the transesterified biofuel for use in a diesel engine have been done and results presented. The performance graphs show B30 to be the optimum based biofuel blend for which maximum efficiency has been found.


Up to this time the question whether tubercle bacilli are present in the flowing blood of a tuberculosis patient has not attracted much attention. Now and then the problem was taken up. But on account of an opposi tion theory certain knowledge concerning it was not obtained. In spite of the fact that intrusion of tubercle bacilli into the blood from the pathological focus is now clear by the reports of many investi gations the demonstration of the presence of tubercle bacillus has been rather rare even in acute miliary tuberculosis. Already in 1868, before the discovery of the tubercle bacillus, Villemin1) insisted from his experi ments of animal inoculation that there must be tubercle virus in the blood of a tuberculosis patient. Since Heller2) in 1883, one year after the tu bercle bacillus was discovered by Robert Koch, found the tubercle bacillus in the blood of a tuberculosis patient, the presence of the tubercle bacillus in the blood of tuberculosis patients has become an undoubted fact. In 1905 E. Lowenstein3) succeeded in culturing the tubercle bacillus from the blood of a patient of tubercle bacilli-septicaemia. And there are many re


Optical microscopy has proven to be a useful technique for obtaining general, qualitative information from the entire surface of YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-x/ samples. Micro-Raman spectroscopy is well suited for routine microstructural analysis of YBCO superconductors. We demonstrate the complementary use of both techniques for the analysis of polycrystalline YBCO. Observed colors of polarisation on YBCO were correlated with information provided by Raman spectroscopy on individual grains to deduce microstructural characteristics across the whole surface of a sample.


This study examines the importance of state spending on education to equally distribute finances to each district. Current legislation is in the courts because some local districts claim unfair distribution of state funds. This study's focus is on the impact of judicial and legislative branch discussions that attempt to equalize education finance. Four hypotheses are presented that explain the variation in state pupil education spending: judicial intervention, legislative institutional arrangements, political competition, and socioeconomic conditions. The study results are both intuitive and counter-intuitive in that political partisan arrangements matter in how education benefits are distributed. Ambivalence of the public's attitudes plays a part in financial reform as well as in resistance to legislative policies. Contains 28 references. (JAG) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ********************************************************************


The results of studies of the effect of oil on the protective properties of textile structures. The penetration of oil into a package of clothing materials and modification of insulation may change its original thermal insulation properties. Estimated the impact of modifying the thermal conductivity of «Kevlar» fiber insulation, exposed to oil. To establish the combined effect of factors such as the weight of «Kevlar» and oil to heatinsulation characteristics, a number of experimental studies. It was established experimentally that the «Kevlar» as part of the traditional synthetic insulation is not only a means to improve thermal resistance ( fire resistance) clothes, but also a way to increase the stability of its thermal protection. The analysis of the experimental data revealed that the oil absorption insulation leads to a significant increase in its thermal conductivity, which should be considered when developing an improved method of calculating the design parameters protected from oil heated clothing, where its thickness in the main level determines the level of efficiency of thermal protection.


Implementing senior leadership Safety Rounds at one home care and hospice organization has strengthened the safety culture and improved communication at all levels. Safety Rounds have led to identification of safety and quality priorities and enabled leaders to act proactively rather than reactively, by identifying safety risks and concerns before an error occurs or a patient is harmed.


AbstractThis paper presents a powerful tree-chart method to design a sequential logic controller with or without intermediate stop of an actuator. The suggested method is more general compared with other available techniques as it can be used to design various types of circuits: simple, complex, and compound. The introduced method in this paper is a special tree chart which is drawn from the description of a physical system, and then the required logic equations are directly extracted in a simple form using a number of rules. The extracted equations are implemented using pneumatic and electro-pneumatic circuits and then simulated using simulation software. The simulated pneumatic and electro-pneumatic circuits are implemented at pneumatic laboratory. This paper explains the procedure of the proposed method. Different examples are used to represent many possible variations in sequential circuits design. The results show the simplicity and applicability of the new technique.


According to the growth of power generated by wind farms and the increased number of non-linear loads, providing a high quality electrical power, should be considered. This paper is addressed the issue of application and analysis of a Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) to enhance the quality of power flows in a stand-alone microgrid, including wind energy conversion systems and the sensitive loads. The wind farm is consist of fixed-speed wind turbines coupled with synchronous machines which the role of DVR in voltage sag mitigation of such a system is simulated in well-known electromagnetic transient simulation program PSCAD/EMTDC version 4.2. The DVR is an effective device to protect the sensitive loads from any disturbance. The regulation of load terminal voltage against any sag/swell distortion is the main purpose of the DVR. The comprehensive results are illustrated to assess the application of DVR as a custom power solution.


This paper examines the empirical relationship between financial development and economic growth for high income countries. The study focuses on both indirect finance and direct finance, separately as well as jointly. Applying the methodology of Nair-Reichert and Weinhold (2001) for causality analysis in heterogeneous panel data, two sets of results are reported. First, the evidence regarding the relationship between financial development and economic growth from a contemporaneous non-dynamic fixed effects panel estimation is mixed. Negative and statistically significant estimates of the coefficient of the inflation and financial development interaction variable indicate that financial sector development may even be harmful to economic growth when inflation is rising. Second, in contrast with the recent evidence of Beck and Levine (2003), heterogeneous panel causality analysis applied on a refined model indicates that there is no definite evidence that finance spurs economic growth or growth spurs finance. Most of our findings are in line with the Lucas (1988) view that the importance of financial matters is over-stressed. The only exception is the case of activity in stock markets where our result supports the Robinson (1952) view that finance follows enterprise.


This brief gives an advanced observer-based attitude stabilization mechanism for quadcopter applications subject to parameter and load uncertainties. The results show two features: first, a parameter-independent pole-zero cancellation angular velocity observer for reducing the number of sensors, and second, state and disturbance observer-based pole-zero cancellation control for improving the robustness by guaranteeing the performance recovery property. Numerical evidence from realistic simulations confirms the effectiveness of the resultant closed-loop system.


Information technologies are entering the life of modern society by leaps and bounds, sometimes radically changing its image. The influence of information technologies on changing the cultural and spiritual space of many countries is perceptible too. A new phenomenon of modern culture has gone into society – the virtual museum, which has faced completely new problems that real museums have not experienced before. These problems are associated with ensuring the cyber security of virtual museums. The article discusses the features of virtual museums, their advantages and disadvantages compared with real ones. Special attention is given to the information security of virtual museums. The author has found a large number of research and publications deals with virtual museums. However, they practically do not touch on issues related to the cyber security of the object under study. Threats of virtual museums and attacks against ones are analyzed in the article. Security variants against threats are offered.


In this study, monthly and annual mean discharge records of Latian basin are analyzed. The Kendall-tau test is first used to detect the trend of discharge, temperature, and precipitation records. Then the correlations between these parameters are determined. Models for annual mean discharge and daily mean discharge in each month are generated based on this information using linear regression. The results show that despite the increasing trend in temperature, there is no significant trend for the annual discharge during the past four decades. Due to the increase in temperature the amount of monthly discharge has increased in cold seasons and decreased in warm seasons during the past four decades.


This paper first defines the concept of GIS-based model(GBM) metadata and analyzes its hierarchy. The second section gives the contents of GBM declarative metadata and services metadata. Then this paper defines the primary mode of GBM metadata based on XML Schema. Finally, this paper discusses the flows of development and application for GBM metadata. This paper improves the GBM attributes information management, which can advance GBM management efficiency and integration ability.


Introduction: In the past, the processing of high-speed network streams in routers has been the domain of application specific integrated circuits (ASIC). While this approach can result in very high speed systems that are able to process many gigabits of network packets, it has some distinct disadvantages. Most notably, because custom hardware has been produced, if protocols change, or if any change is needed, new chips need to be produced, which can be very expensive. Also the time required to fabricate new chips is long when compared to reprogramming a microprocessor.


Nowadays, newspaper not only used as a friend for morning cup of tea or breakfast, but also included in educational field. The use of newspaper in class gives students an active learning process with the various news, topics, and issues daily. Therefore, the researcher conducted the research about English lesson plan and The Jakarta Post for teaching ESP in State Vocational High School 2 Buduran - Sidoarjo. Specifically, this research focused on how English lesson plan using The Jakarta Post at State Vocational High School 2 Buduran - Sidoarjo is. This research just analyzed the main activity part.Additionally, particular principles in arranging lesson plan for teaching ESP do not exist. For English in the school is being taught as ESP, we cannot simply neglect the students' point of view. Therefore the students' opinion is also investigated. For additional information, interviewing the teacher is also considerable. This study was analyzed by using qualitative – descriptive approach. The result of the study was written as the description of the phenomenon rather than serving through number of data. Based on the findings and discussion, The Jakarta Post was used in every meeting at lesson plan for second semester in the opening and eight meetings in the main activity. For opening, the teacher always asked students to read The Jakarta Post for about 5 minutes. Specifically, in the main activity, The Jakarta Post was used in observation and exploration section. The main activity that used The Jakarta Post in the 4 lesson plans has differences in compatibility with the principles from the government. While for the responses, both of students' and teacher had a positive impression toward toward The Jakarta Post used by the teacher. The teacher not only concerned with the book minded but also had other resources which contained many topics. Although students were aware that they had difficulties and less increased in the use of The Jakarta Post because they were lack of vocabulary and reading interest, they said that The Jakarta Post increased their curiosity and enthusiasm in learning English.


Weights obtained by entropy method can objectively reflect observation information but not reflect expert's opinions.G1 method can consider expert's experiences while it is inclined to subjectivity.According to the entropy method and G1 method,this article integrates two methods and puts forward weight fusion method of dam monitoring indexes.This method is simple and the calculation results are more reasonable.


Palm oil has many minor components that can act as natural antioxidant. It contains carotenoid and vitamin E. This research was conducted to determine antioxidant activity of non-polar extract from crude palm oil and fatty acid methyl ester. The oil extract obtained from crude palm oil by solvent extraction with hexane (CPO) and transesterification method followed by solvent extraction with hexane (PME). Carotene content from non-polar extracts were analyzed by using UV-visible spectrophotometer, while carotene composition (α- and β-carotene) and vitamin E (tocopherol and tocotrienol) compositions were analyzed by using high performance liquid chromatography. Glycerides and esters content was analyzed by gas chromatography. Antioxidant activity of oil extract was determined by using 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay method. Result revealed that PME has higher content carotenoid and vitamin E than CPO. As expected, the concentration of carotenoid and vitamin E in PME increased with transesterification process. Results also showed that all of non-polar extracts exhibited antioxidant activity significantly, as proven by inhibitory concentration 50% (IC50) of PME and CPO is 5.9 µg mL-1 and 15.6 µg mL-1. It is suggested that the presence of carotenoid and vitamin E may have a potential effect as natural antioxidant.


A new method of moments (MoM) formulation is proposed to evaluate the shielding efficiency of metallic rectangular enclosures. To this end, a mixed potential integral equation (MPIE) is formulated for the magnetic currents in the apertures using the exact Green's function of the enclosure. The accuracy of the method is demonstrated by a number of examples. The method allows the quality factor of the resonances to be predicted. Finally, the effect of partitioning the enclosure by metallic planes is also investigated.


Real data from five residential urban arid catchments of varying size, slope, and perviousness ratio were used to develop regression equations for predicting mean concentrations of selected heavy metals in the urban runoff from duststorm and flow properties. The duststorms vary in their total particulate matter concentrations, whereas the flow resulted from rainstorms of different intensity, depth and duration, spatial and temporal distribution over the catchment, and dry period between two successive rainstorms. The selected metals are copper, lead, nickel, zinc and iron. About 80% of the collected data were randomly selected and used to develop these equations, while the remaining 20% of the data were used for the verification of the equations. The R 2 of these equations varied from 0.76 to 0.88, and the significance of the regression parameters was supported by the results of the statistical inference analyses. The equations were used to identify the relative importance of the flash floods and duststorms on the concentrations of heavy metals. Based on the results, recommendations concerning water quality control in the investigated arid zone are made.


Nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan(n-HA/CS) composite membrane was fabricated using the methods of solution-blending and solvent-volatilizing in vacuum.The properties of the composite membrane was characterized by means of SEM,FTIR,XRD,contact angle testing and universal matertial testing machine.The results show that the composite membrane has an asymmetric structure,whose composition of upper surface is CS,and the composition of under surface is a complex of n-HA and CS which form a dense layer,and the middle is a sponge layer.Some interactions have existed between n-HA and CS.n-HA in the composite membrane is proved to be poorly crystalline nanometer crystals as same as the inorganic mineral in nature bone,and there is no phase-separation between the two phases.The asymmetric structure has some effects on wettability of the composite membrane,so the contact angles show some changes.The tensile strength and elongation of the dry composite membrane is lower than those of the pure chitosan membrane,but the wet composite membrane is higher than those of the latter.


PURPOSE
This study identifies the attitudes of participants in the root cause analysis (RCA) process and barriers to it's implementation within one New South Wales area health service.

METHOD
Employees and consumer representatives of the former South Western Sydney Area Health Service who participated in an RCA as either a team member or a team leader between December 2002 and October 2003 completed a self-administered survey.

RESULTS
Thirty seven of 39 eligible participants completed the survey (response rate 95%). The respondents identified formulation of causal statements, ensuring the causal statements met the "rules of causality" outlined by New South Wales Health, and arranging times for interviews as most difficult. Team leader respondents (n = 7) ranked keeping the team focused, organising the first meeting within 7 days of the incident, and completing the RCA in three 2-hour meetings as barriers to the process.

CONCLUSIONS
Training was valued by participants, however greater emphasis on the development of causal statements could be beneficial. Team leaders expressed difficulty in keeping the team focused and meeting the stipulated RCA timeframes, suggesting that additional support for RCA participants may be warranted.


The objective of this research is to know how much percentage of tannin concentration in the leaves kemuning (Murraya paniculata), maja (Aegle marmelos), zodia (Evodia suaveolens), kari (Murraya koenigii), dan jeruk purut (Citrus hystrix). The research was conducted in June – July 2013 in Biochemical Laboratory of Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, State University of Medan. The method used descriptive method and data analysis much percentage of tannin concentration in the leaves plants. The result of research indicates, that there is difference in percentage of tannin concentration in five species rutaceae. Concentration of tannin agent in leaf from highest to lowest is respectively : kemuning Murraya paniculata (8,32 %), maja Aegle marmelos (6,24 %), jeruk purut Citrus hystrix (3,12 %), zodia Evodia suaveolens (2,08 %), dan kari Murraya koenigii (1,04 %). Specieses of rutaceae had been tested, can be used as sprue medication, diarrhea, food colouring, and antioxidant.


Scores in mathematics suggest there is a problem in the teaching-learning methods for kids in Ecuador. This study tries to determine the impact that training in executive functions with the program The number race has on children. A quasi-experimental study was performed with 50 eight-year-old children, divided in two groups. All of them were tested with ENFEN, which measures the executive functions, before and after training. The intervention focused in helping children refresh their knowledge about subtraction (updated), teaching them the skills necessary to change the strategy to find the difference between two numbers (shifting), and learn not to give a rushed answer to a mathematical problem (inhibition). The results show that kids of the study group had improved more than one point over twenty on the final exam. They were able to subtract 20 percent faster. Also, the ability comparing numbers was more effective, and they improved the level of complexity in their subtraction execution. The study was not able to evidence significant differences in the measures of executive functions. We can also infer that the impact was not significant due to the fact that six weeks are a reduced time of training for neuronal changes to happen.


Despite its importance in business, economic growth, and particularly in financial services sector, life insurance in Kenya has experienced low uptake. This research sought to find out the customer attitude influence on the uptake of life insurance among teachers in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya. The research focused on customer attitude as a factor. A survey of the teachers in the Uasin Gishu County, Kenya was carried out. 302 teachers in Wareng Sub-county were sampled. Content Validity Index (CVI) was used to measure the validity of the research instruments. Moreover, pilot of 35 questionnaires was used to enhance the instrument's reliability. It was found out that there exists some relationship between customer attitude and the level of uptake of life insurance among teachers in Uasin Gishu County since the correlation coefficient r of 0.433 was established and a p value of 0.000. Hence the p value is less than α =0.01, which is the set significant level. Moreover, a regression of the standardized beta values, of 0. 0.713 was found. This meant the customer attitude influences the level of uptake of life insurance by teachers. The findings pointed that great effort should put by stakeholders to increase perception of life insurance and hence enhance customer attitude.


Burn therapy involves elimination of causative factors and symptomatic therapy. Kenitu leaves (Chrysophyllum cainito L.) are known to contain β-amylin acetate, Gallic acid, ursolic acid, quercetin, β-sitosterol, and other substances that have the potential to be antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory. The use of kenitu leaves (Chrysophyllum cainito L.) as an alternative to wound healing has low side effects and is easy to obtain, especially in Jember Regency. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of kenitu leaves (Chrysophyllum cainito L.) leaf extract gel on re-epithelialization in buccal mucosal burns of wistar rats. This type of research is experimental laboratories. This research used 32 samples which divided into four control groups and four treatment groups. Burns are made on the left buccal mucosa. In the control group the CMC placebo gel was given and the treatment group was given 2% leaf extract gel. Euthanasia was performed on days 4, 7, 10, and 13 then histological preparations were made. Measurement using software optilab viewer 2.2 and image raster 3.0. The average yield of epithelial thickness was lowest in the control group on day 4 and highest in the treatment group on day 13. The results of the One Way Anova statistical test showed a significant difference in epithelial thickness between the control group and the treatment group. This study proved that the 2% leaf extract can accelerate the process of reepithelialization in the healing of wistar mucosal mucosal burns.


In this paper, we study the reaction mechanisms involved in the transformation from the precursor prepared with nanoparticles to the Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 phase during solid-phase sulfurization and selenization. The top-view of the film observed by scanning electron microscopy showed that crystal grains suddenly grow at temperatures above 550 °C. For all samples, impurity phases were not detected by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy, which indicates that intermediate phases such as binary and ternary compounds are not necessary to produce the Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 phase. During sintering, the film was first sulfurized because of the difference between the vapor pressures of S and Se. Subsequently, the S of Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 was replaced by Se, causing the generation of a defective layer. For the sample sintered at 600 °C, Cu-rich, Zn-rich, and Sn-rich phases were detected by transmission electron microscopy analysis. Additionally, a diagrammatic Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 film growth model was proposed to illustrate the detailed reaction mechanism during precursor sintering.


This article deals with the strategic significance of developing enhanced oil recovery technology, its current research situation, developing trend and the related important problems in science and technology.


Methanolic extracts of freeze-dried Hackelia longituba I. M. Johnston (Boraginaceae) afforded two new pyrrolizidine alkaloids: longitubine (1), an analogue of latifoline (2) in which an acetoxy group has replaced the angeloxy group at C7 and neolatifoline (3a) or (3b), a diastereomer of latifoline esterified at C9 with a stereoisomer of latifolic acid. In addition, the known alkaloids latifoline (2), 9-angelylretronecine (4) and 7-angelylretronecine (5) were isolated and identified.


ated with age (≥ or <45 years), serum Alb (< or ≥4.0 g/dL), Ann Arbor stage (IV or I–III), sex, or WBC (≥ or <15 000 /mm). OS was significantly shorter in patients with a high serum Kyn/Trp ratio compared to those with a low ratio (OS rate at 5 years, 60.0 vs 92.2%, P = .018; Figure). OS was also shorter in patients with stage IV compared to those with stage I–III lymphoma (OS rate at 5 y, 78.8% vs 91.9%, P = .015), and in those with lymphocytopenia compared to those without (OS rate at 5 y, 71.4% vs 92.0%, P = .010). There were no significant differences in OS according to age, sex, Hb or Alb level, or leukocytosis. Accordingly, multivariate analysis for OS in the 52 HL patients was performed using the following 3 variables: Ann Arbor stage (I–III or IV), lymphocytopenia (presence or absence), and serum Kyn/Trp ratio (≦ or >42.57). Of these, only the serum Kyn/Trp ratio significantly affected OS (Hazard ratio 7.577; 95% confidence interval, 1.362‐42.160). In immunostaining analyses, HL tumor cells (Hodgkin or Reed–Sternberg cells) were negative, but macrophages and dendritic cells in the microenvironment were positive for IDO. A significant positive correlation existed between the serum Kyn/ Trp ratio and the degree of histologically IDO positive cells in the tumor microenvironment. Conclusions: Quantification of serum Kyn and Trp is useful for predicting the prognosis of an individual HL patient. Furthermore, HL, especially in those patients with a high serum Kyn/Trp ratio, is an appropriate disease for testing novel cancer immunotherapies targeting IDO.


Biscayne Bay is a subtropical estuary located in South Florida. It is a rich environment containing a multitude of organisms such as seagrass, sponges, and fish. The Biscayne Bay ecosystem is currently undergoing a drastic environmental decline due to seagrass fatalities throughout the area, specifically in North Biscayne Bay. This literature review pinpointed the causes and effects of these seagrass fatalities from analyzed research that has been completed on this subject. The research papers found for this review came from five databases: Google Scholar, the Biscayne Bay Task Force Database (HPI), Gale in Context, Gale Academic OneFile and JSTOR. A total of 245 papers were looked over and 18 articles were left to use for this review. From those papers, it was concluded that the most probable cause of the seagrass fatalities was the pollution runoff from metropolitan areas that stimulated nutrient overloads. These nutrient overloads are factors that cause algal blooms, which in turn cause these seagrass fatalities due to lack of sunlight and resources for photosynthesis. The lack of seagrass regulating the fragile Biscayne Bay environment is also causing an influx of fish deaths, which is bringing about a local economic decline in commercialized fishing. Without the properties of seagrass in Biscayne Bay, it can cause a more drastic environmental meltdown that may not be fixable.


SUMMARY We present a method for modelling the Earth's magnetic field to very high degree and order in terms of spherical harmonics. The method exploits the orthogonality of the spherical functions, using, in part, the method of Gauss-Legendre quadrature. This method is compared to a simpler quadrature method (Newton-Cotes). We show that the GaussLegendre technique is more accurate in most cases than Newton-Cotes quadrature, and in all cases, even where the two give about the same results, that the Gauss-Legendre method is more efficient in that it requires less data and hence less computation. The two quadrature methods are applied to sets of radial field data computed from an n = 29 model which simulate Mugsut observations. The results are that direct integration of a complete global coverage of observations using Newton-Cotes produces errors in the spatial spectrum comparable to that of the geomagnetic field at n = 9, whereas Gauss-Legendre gives exact recovery. When 7" of polar region data are removed to simulate the Mugsat orbit, both methods fail, although Gauss-Legendre gives somewhat less noisy results. However, when the analysis is performed on residuals to a field truncated at n = 15, both methods give comparable levels of noise. Simple interpolation of data over the pole is seen to reduce the errors significantly beyond n = 50. Addition of synthetic noise is seen to provide a means of evaluating the accuracy of coefficients derived from actual data. A theoretical relation is derived relating this noise and the altitude of observation to the resulting errors in the spatial spectrum.


Analysis of abnormal premium growth surrounding changes in financial strength ratings for a large panel of property/casualty insurers generally indicates significant premium declines in the year of and the year following rating downgrades. Consistent with greater risk sensitivity of demand, premium declines were concentrated among commercial insurance, which has narrower guaranty fund protection than personal insurance. Premium declines were greater for firms with low pre-downgrade ratings, and especially pronounced for firms falling below an A- rating. There is no evidence of moral hazard in the form of rapid commercial or personal lines premium growth following downgrades of A- or low-rated insurers.


This paper explores the possibility of making meaningful comparisons of the number of citations received by articles in sub-fields identified with the 219 Web of Science categories distinguished by Thomson Scientific. Such comparisons are instrumented on the basis of: (i) the assumption that articles at the same quantileof any sub-field citation distribution have the same degree of citation impact in their respective sub-field, and (ii) strong similarities found in the behavior of citation distributions in a large quantile interval. Three aims are achieved. Firstly, we answer how many citations for an article in the interval between, approximately, the 75 and the 97 percentiles in any sub-field are equivalent to 10 citations in the reference sub-field, Physics, Condensed Matter. The answer, in terms of what we call exchange rates, is very satisfactory for 203 out of 219 sub-fields. Secondly, the associated sub-field normalization procedure performs well in that interval. Thirdly, we provide an empirical explanation of why sub-field mean citations can be equally successfully used for both purposes.


Llitjos et al. present an interesting and thought provoking paper on impaired response to aspirin in the setting of induced hypothermia after out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). In this study of resuscitated cardiac arrest patients with a requirement for antiplatelet therapy, impaired responses to both intravenous and oral aspirin were observed. Interestingly, this effect was more marked in those receiving aspirin via the oral route (1). This study therefore raises important clinical questions as to the efficacy of antiplatelet agents in this setting, the optimal route of administration and potential clinical sequelae in a unique and complex cohort.


Objective:To explore the application and effect assessment of comfort care model in laryngeal neoplasms patients after total laryngectomy.Methods:Totally 110 laryngeal neoplasms patients experienced total laryngectomy were provided comfort care in our hospital from March 2006 to December 2007.Results:The application of comfort care in laryngeal neoplasms patients after total laryngectomy could effectively alleviate patients' anxiety, increase their comfort level and satisfaction with nursing, and reduce the incidence ratio of surgical complications, thereby contribute to their quick recovery.Conclusion:Comfort care is an effective way of nursing.The application of comfort care in laryngeal neoplasms patients after total laryngectomy could improve the patients' survival and life quality and meet the needs of patient's requirements of comfort in physical and psychological aspects, so the quality of care is improved.


High‐energy high‐dose Au implantations into Pt have produced an amorphous structure, as observed by transmission electron microscopy. A modulated microstructure has apparently been concurrently formed, and this is concluded to be spinodal decomposition. This result is consistent with independent small‐angle neutron‐scattering experiments.


A ML computer plays an important role in predicting the presence or absence of movement disorders and heart disease. The resting part of the body as compared to the Heart s, is the largest and most concentrated organ in the human body. Data analysis helps in predicting heart disease in the medical field is an important task. Machine learning is recycled in the medical industry throughout the world. The presence or absence of movement disorders and cardiac diseases is a key factor in machine learning. Data analysis helps predict more information and prevents various diseases in medical centers. The main impartial of the research paper is toward predict a patient cardiac disease using an algorithm for machine learning as a random forest is most predictable. A large number of patient data are kept every month. The data stored can be used to predict future diseases. Certain data mining and machine learning technologies are used to forecast heart disease, including artificial neural networks (ANN), decision trees, fuzzy logic, K-Nearest neighbors (KNN), naive bays and vector supporting equipment (SVM). The ultimate objective of this paper is to inspect the best logistic regression which signifies the machine's python learning. The UCI machine learning depot used the data sets of heart disease.


To be successful, exporters must understand how buyers identify and select suppliers. This empirically based study identifies and analyzes the supply selection criteria and information sources US importers use. It then compares these criteria with the perceptions of suppliers from one developing country, the People's Republic of China (PRC) and analyzes the di£Ferences between US importers' choices and PRC exporters' perceptions of importers' choices. While exporters' perceptions may be idiosyncratic to exporters from the PRC, they strongly reflect the PRC buyers' environment and organization culture. Thus, these results support the more general proposition that neophyte exporters' perceptions reflect their home country's business environment and culture.


Abstract We study the approximation properties of linear combinations of the so-called Phillips operators, which can be considered as genuine Szász-Mirakjan-Durrmeyer operators. As main result, we prove a direct estimate for the rate of approximation of bounded continuous functions f E C[0,x), measured in C|\[0,x)-norm and thus generalizing the results, proved earlier by Gupta, Agrawal, and Gairola in [3]. Our estimates rely on the recent results, obtained in the joint works of M. Heilmann and the author-[10, 11]


If A is a real normal matrix At (the transpose of A) is a real polynomial in A. We study here those normal (0, 1)-matrices A with constant row sums which have At a polynomial of degree two in A.


Base on the wearing section geometrical relation of rod and tubing,This paper set up a model to calculate the relation of depth of wear and wearing section area for position of dogleg and Spire inflection,and for tubing circumrotate state.Those calculattion must base on the distributing of lateral load.The model can provide a referrence to make sure that whether the tubing have leaking or when it will leak.Can provide a referrence to make sure that the residual area of a collar or rod.Base on this model,can get a software to calculate wearing rate of a sucker rod pump and the cycle of borehole operation.Application the software to in 20 wells prove the model is reliable.


This paper considers the design of a full order output feedback decentralized H/sub /spl infin// controller. An iterative algorithm that is based on the idea of two homotopy paths is proposed. Along one homotopy path, the decentralized control design problem, which is essentially non-convex, is locally linearized and solved. Along the other homotopy path the existing controller is deformed at each step so that in the end it attains a decentralized structure. A decentralized control design for a doubly inverted pendulum is demonstrated using the proposed algorithm.


Objective A screen on chromosome 3 in coronary heart disease(CHD) patients and normal controls from Shandong Province was performed to find the genetic loci associated with CHD.Methods A total of 23 microsatellite markers on chromosome 3 spaced at approximate 10 cM were used in screening of two separated DNA pool samples consisting of 156 CHD cases and 450 normal controls.Statistic analysis was performed by CLUMP software to compare the difference in allele frequency of each locus between the two pooled samples.Results Significant statistic differences were found at D3S1278 and D3S1300 loci between allele frequencies of patients and controls(P0.001).Conclusion Two regions on chromosome 3 relate to CHD in Shandong Province and the susceptibility genes surrounding these regions need to be further studied.


This study intends to explore the relationship among TSQKD (Teaching and educational management team, Scientific research, Quality control and quality assurance, The advantage of knowledge, Diversification of training program), funding and high quality educational institutions. In addition, we investigate the impact of the five above factors on funding and high quality educational institutions, and the impact of funding on high quality educational institutions as well. The moderating effects relating to psychological contract fulfillment and reward orientation on the relationship between funding and high quality educational institutions performance were also examined. In order to avoid bias, the questionnaire survey was distributed directly via mobile phone, emails and questionnaire sheets to all members, managers, experts, directors, vice directors, presidents, vice president and educational researches. We employ the TSQKD to explore the possible strength and weakness of high quality educational institutions, and also compare educational institutions in Vietnam with those in other developing countries. Finally, we discuss the implications of our findings for the future development of high quality educational institutions in Vietnam.


Author analyses quite a sensitive issue for society – white-collar crime in Ukraine, defining the optimally probable model of criminal liability. The white-collar shadow economy level is rather high in Ukraine – 45.96 % of the GDP and correlates with the respective data of Nigeria. The author's approach can be related to two aspects: first, prevent excessive criminalization activities; second, effectively punish white-collar criminals.


According to Guangzhou's traffic characteristic, this paper developes a new method for road net capacity study. With regard to some key issues, like road velocity-density relation, intersection influence, the author brings forward his understanding and solutions. Using the method, this paper evaluates Guangzhou's traffic system in the year 2000, 2005 and 2010.


Research linking health literacy to health knowledge, health behaviors, health outcomes, health disparity, health status, and increasing health-care costs is prevalent around the globe. Given the importance of health literacy, it is prudent to examine the tools available to assure that patients are health-literate. This article provides an integrative review in order to investigate what has been developed to evaluate health literacy in the health-care setting. The research questions considered include: (i) Which instruments or screening tools are available to assess or measure health literacy in the clinical setting?; and (ii) What are the psychometric properties, advantages, and limitations of the identified tools? A number of databases are utilized to locate research specific to this topic. The research is analyzed, the findings are summarized, and the limitations are mentioned. The implications, recommendations, and the need for future research are discussed.


Introduction: Hyperglycemia is usually considered a late sign in pancreas rejection, often times correlating with high grades of rejection and low rates of graft recovery. At our center, pancreas dysfunction is an indication for simultaneous kidney and pancreas biopsies. The purpose of this study is to report the prevalence, grades and types of pancreas rejection in this setting, and the response to anti-rejection treatment. Methods: From Janurary, 2013 to December, 2019 we have performed 41 pancreas biopsies in patients with hyperglycemia. 26 had acute rejection (63%). Non-acute rejection cases were reported as normal findings (4), PTDM (4), CNI toxicity (3), severe chronic damage (3), and 1 suspected recurrence of autoimmunity. Acute rejection cases were 11 TCMR grade 1, 9 TCMR grade 2, 3 AMR and 3 mixed rejections. After anti-rejection treatment, 10 patients were discharged with no insulin requirements. Among them, 4 had recurrent rejection at a mean time of 24 months and 2 patients loss their grafts. On the other hand, 16 patients were on insulin after anti-rejection treatment. Among them 6 patients never recovered pancreas function and lost their grafts. In contrast, 4 patients recovered pancreas function although continue to require small amounts of insulin (less than 50% of pre transplant requirements). Finally, there were 6 cases in which patients became off-insulin at a mean time of 2.4 months after treatment (0.3-3.8 months). Among these patients 2 developed recurrent rejection and lost their grafts at a mean time of 13 months of follow-up.


The term Coarctation can be defined as the stricture or narrowing of the aorta, it affects both child and adult, but is seen mostly in children. Coarctation can be either is preductal or postductal. Depending on the severity of the condition and the time of diagnosis the treatment can be determined in an individual. Identifying this condition very early in life is also beneficial to the patient even though there would be a few complications that would be faced depending on the form of treatment one choses. The present study aimed to understand the embryological basis and its clinical significance. © 2016 Elixir All rights reserved. Elixir Embryology 100 (2016) 43425-43428 Embryology Available online at www.elixirpublishers.com (Elixir International Journal) Ganesh Elumalai and Nnolika Millington / Elixir Embryology 100 (2016) 43425-43428 43426 up the internal carotid artery which is given the name carotid arch. The internal carotid artery supplies the pituitary gland, brain, meninges (dura mater, arachnoid mater and the pia mater), middle ears and the orbits. The left fourth arch artery of the pharyngeal arch forms a part of the arch of the aorta. The immediate or proximal part of this artery is developed from left horn of the aortic sac while the distal part is formed from the left dorsal aorta. The proximate part of right subclavian artery evolves from the right fourth arch artery, while the right seventh intersegmental artery and the right dorsal aorta form the distant part of the right subclavian artery. It is important to note also that the left subclavian is not a derivative of the pharyngeal arch artery but instead it is developed from the left seventh intersegmental artery [8]. However, for the fifth pair of pharyngeal arch artery their development is not as fruitful as the other four pair because these arteries do not develop in about 50% of persons and for the remaining 50%, only a few capillary loops would develop which would eventually degenerate [8-10]. Lastly, the sixth pharyngeal arch arteries are where the proximal part of the left sixth artery develops and go all the way to form proximal part the left pulmonary artery [6]. A prenatal shunt or the ductus arteriosus is formed when the distal part of this artery is passed from left pulmonary artery to dorsal aorta. The immediate part of the sixth right artery develops into the proximal part of the right pulmonary artery and while the distal part of the sixth right artery regresses [8]. Fig 1: The schematic shows the development of Aortic sacs A. schematics showing the proximal part of the developing heart tube and B. During the later period, the Aortic sac shows its terminal branches called Right and Left horns. Fig 2: The derivatives of aortic arch arteries A. schematics showing the Truncus arteriosus receives the third (III) and fourth (IV) right and left Aortic arch arteries, which opens into the right and left horns of the Aortic sac and B. Derivatives of the Aortic sac horns and third (III) and fourth (IV) right and left Aortic arch arteries.(BCTBrachiocephalic trunk, RSARight subclavian artery, RCCARight Common carotid artery, LCCALeft Common carotid artery and LSA-Right subclavian artery)