FY-2 scanning radiometer is one of FengYun-2 still weather satellite availability loads. This paper mainly introduces visible light calibration of scanning radiometer before launch. Calibration method based on radiometric standard established the relationship between input and output of the scanning radiometer through transfer of radiometric standard. Calibration principle,calibration process and calculation result are also discussed in detail. Finally,some improved opinion for calibration process is given.


In recent years, the architecture based on Resistive Processing Unit (RPU) has become a hot topic due to its potential to accelerate training of a Neural Network (NN). However, attempts to realize the RPU concept based on non-volatile memory technology face a myriad of technological and physical constraints. The theoretical concept of crossbar array is nearly impossible to implement in the real world without certain tweaks. Hence, we propose an Voltage output Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS)-based RPU design VRPU, which is used to build a neural network. We also introduce a novel diode-based circuit to behave as a non-linear activation function, which consists of a single Diode (D) and Diode Pair (DP). The proposed VRPU design when tested with MNIST dataset for hidden layer and output layer combinations of ReLU+Sigmoid, D+Sigmoid, ReLU+DP, D+DP (low temperature) and D+DP (high temperature) resulted in accuracies of 94.29%, 95.90%, 95.53%, 96.75% and 96.57% respectively corroborating the merits of the proposed design.


History has been witnessing an ongoing conflict over narratives and the ability to narrate. Colonialism and its implications have disenfranchised the colonized people and deprived them one of their main essential rights: the right to narrate. This means that the narrative of the colonial power dominates the written history and, in a lesser way, the oral history of the nations they (post)colonize. There have been several attempts by the colonized people to resist these narratives and to write down their own ones. These attempts were deemed influential and, in many cases, their performers were assassinated, let alone spending the rest of their lives in jails. Translation is one of the most effective tools that has been used over history to tell the untold story and to affirm the existence of a people who have been deliberately marginalized. This research focuses on the way translation is adopted as a counter narrative discourse tool from a postcolonial perspective.


A Thesis Submitted to the College of Veterinary Medicine of Addis Ababa University in
Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of
Master of Veterinary Science in Veterinary Pathology


The food preferences of 59 captive Pigeons Columbia livia were tested in a series of experiments in which each bird was given a 25 g. seed mixture. This consisted of 5 g. each of Maize, Millet, "Grain" (Wheat, Oats and Barley), and two varieties of Field Pea ("Big Peas" and "Small Peas"). There was a wide range of individual variation. Most birds preferred Peas, and took little Maize; however, others actually preferred "minority" seeds such as Maize. These individual preferences were stable over short periods, though there were gradual, long-term changes in birds tested repeatedly over a period of four months. There were also individual differences in feeding technique, though these could not be correlated with the differences in seed preference. The origins of these individual variations are discussed. It was not possible to relate them to individual differences in bill size, nor to the proportions of the seeds in the birds' normal feed. When the total quantity of the experimental seed mixture was increased from 25 g. to 50 g., the birds increased their total intake while keeping constant the proportions of the different seeds in it. Since the seeds differ in nutritional composition, it is suggested that the birds were maintaining a nutritionally balanced diet. It is possible that the variations in seed preference may reflect individual differences in metabolism. Individual birds also maintained a constant ratio of "Big Peas" to "Small Peas" in their seed intake, even though these differ little, if at all, in nutritional content. It is suggested that such apparently "arbitrary" food choices might increase the efficiency of the birds' food-finding tactics. Some ecological implications are briefly outlined. If feeding is controlled by the quality as well as the quantity of available food, this could influence the extent to which the birds exploit their environment, and the degree to which their numbers are limited by the food supply.


would be unwise to advertise facial plastic surgery enthusiastically for every child with Down syndrome. That does not mean, of course, that they should never undergo plastic surgery if there are valid indications, such as repair of a cleft lip. It goes without saying that children with Down syndrome should be afforded all the medical and surgical services that are available to other children. It is also important that their appearance, hairstyle, dress and general hygiene be optimized to enhance their acceptance by and integration into society. Persons with Down syndrome should be accepted for what they are and offered a status that observes their rights and privileges as citizens, and in a real sense preserves their human dignity.


Abstract An atom-economical and environmentally friendly method for synthesis of bromo-substituted alkynyl sulfides has been developed. In the absence of any additive, alkynyl bromides could react with tetrahydrothiophene to give bromo-substituted alkynyl sulfides in moderate to perfect yields. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


PURPOSE: A method for bidding a deposit through the Internet is provided to deposit money in a bank suggesting high interest and to distribute the deposit at maturity in accordance with a tendering result of banks through a competitive bid on the Internet by collecting idle money in a bank and secure investing money and forming a fund. CONSTITUTION: A bid processing method and a schedule are presented(1). A grant of a bid fund is applied(2). The bid fund is transmitted(3). The members transmit funds to be used at the bid in an account of an Internet company operating an Internet deposit bid site. A bid is processed and a tendering of the bid is processed(4). A successful bidder(bank) is selected(5). A joining to a fixed deposit as a fixed interest commodity is performed(7). A maturity principal and interest money is distributed(8).


For spICP-MS applications, HPCN-APEX is a superior sample introduction system in comparison with the conventional system and total consumption system.


This work introduce to the Possibilistic Programming and the Fuzzy Programming as paradigms that allow to resolve problems of linear programming when the coefficients of the model or the restrictions on the same are presented as fuzzy numbers, rather than exact numbers (crisp). This work presents some examples based on [1].


In the context of increasing internationalization of the science and technology studies (STS) field, and reflections on post-coloniality and provincialization of STS, we examine to what extent a set of twelve leading journals of the field have published papers from different regions worldwide. In this exploratory work, based on information retrieved from the Web of Science for the period 2010–2019, we often use Latin America as an example, but reflect on peripheral regions of the field more broadly. Our findings show that the historical West-European–North-American centers of the field maintain their hegemony, dominating the discussions in leading journals. Some Latin American and East Asian countries gained some visibility in journals focused on scientometrics and science and technology (S&T) policy and innovation, whereas the journals specialized in the socio-anthropological studies of S&T are the less transnationalized. Our preliminary hypothesis to explain such sub-field variations is that these objects (scientific policy, innovation) and methods (scientometrics) seem to be more universal and consensual, facilitating transnationalization, while peripheral science, the preferred object of study for peripheral STS, has not attracted attention from leading journals. Emphasizing the relational character of centers and peripheries, we argue that the invisibilization of the academic production of certain regions of the world in leading journals makes this work peripheral.


The battle of the Ebro represented one of the most important episodes of the Spanish Civil war. It has been considered as the first great contemporary war due to the importance of the health, the trenches, the press, the propaganda, even though the internationalization. This article aims to analyze five heritage interpretation centers ("Centro de Interpretacion 115 dias", "Centro de Interpretacion Internacionales en el Ebro", "Centro de Interpretacion las voces del frente", "Centro de Interpretacion Hospitales de sangre" and "Centro de Interpretacion Soldados en las trincheras"). These centers form the well-known network of Spaces of Battle of the Ebro and whose goals are to let visitors know these characteristics. Here it is questioned the creation of the new "paramuseums" which proliferate without following specific regulations, definitions, catalogues, classifications,... and they have spread easily around Spain.


The paper discusses the features of design and technology of finger joints in the manufacture of frame-paneled platings of doors and furniture fronts. At the design stage we solve two problems: a) the choice of shapes and sizes of studs and grooves according to GOST R 9330, b) calculation of probabilistic values of the maximum deviations of landings with interference by GOST 6449. It was proposed to abandon the finger joints, restrict ourselves to assembly in tongue and groove, so with conjugation in counterprofiles groove is milled on the ends the horizontal bars after pre-pruning to eliminate chipping and tongue on inner shared edge of vertical bars.


An adaptive polygon scaled boundary finite element method (APSBFEM) is developed for elastodynamic problems. Flexible polygon meshes are generated from background Delaunay triangular meshes and used to calculate structure's dynamic responses. In each time step, a posteriori-type energy error estimator is employed to locate the polygon subdomains with exceeding spatial discretization error, then edge midpoints of the corresponding triangles are inserted into the background. A new Delaunay triangular mesh and a polygon mesh are regenerated successively. The state variables, including displacement, velocity and acceleration are mapped from the old polygon mesh to the new one by a simple algorithm. A benchmark elastodynamic problem is modeled to validate the developed method. The results show that the adaptive meshes are capable of capturing the steep stress gradient areas, and the dynamic responses agree well with those from the adaptive finite element method and the general polygon scaled boundary finite element method using fine meshes.


We study a novel communication technique, ambient backscatter, that utilizes radio frequency signals transmitted from an ambient source as both energy supply and information carrier to enable communications between low-power devices. Different from existing noncoherent schemes, we here design the semi-coherent detection, where channel-related parameters can be obtained from unknown data symbols and a few pilot symbols. In order to obtain a benchmark for overall detection, we first derive a maximum likelihood detector assuming a complex Gaussian ambient source, and the closed-form bit error rate (BER) is computed. To release the dependence on prior knowledge of the ambient source, we next derive a type of robust design, called an energy detector, with the ambient signal being either complex Gaussian or phase shift keying (PSK). The closed-form detection thresholds, analytical BERs, and outage probability are provided correspondingly. Interestingly, the complex Gaussian source would cause an error floor, while the PSK source does not, which brings nontrivial indication of constellation design as opposed to popular Gaussian-embedded literatures. We also propose an effective approach to estimate detection-required parameters rather than channels themselves. Numerical simulations are finally presented to verify theoretical results.


'A haunting evocation of the revolution that Hitler destroyed and a tragic glimpse of the German genius' - "Publishers Weekly". 'This scrapbook of the twenties is a mindblower - not only in providing a feel for the twenties but for the horror coming fast on its heels' - "American Libraries". 'A thorough, anecdotal and lovingly detailed survey in words and pictures of [Berlin's] golden years under the Weimar Republic. All aspects of the city's life are covered, not only the philosophers, painters, musicians Bauhaus architects who gave it special distinction but [also] the social unrest, the nightmare inflation, the glittering cabarets and low bars, the prostitutes, drug addicts and petty criminals who have a special bearing on the work of Brecht' - "Washington Post Book World".In 1936, at the age of eighteen, Wolf Von Eckardt and his mother and sister fled Berlin and came to New York. With Sander L. Gilman, he as brought into focus, through words and pictures, an uneasy era that divided two great catastrophes. Von Eckardt, formerly architecture critic for the "Washington Post", is the author of "The Challenge of Megalopolis". Gilman, Goldwin Smith Professor of Humane Studies at Cornell University, has written a new preface for this "Bison Book" edition of Bertolt Brecht's "Berlin". His books include "Inscribing the Other" (Nebraska, 1991).


Bayesian inference and classification of the various models were implemented using MCMC algorithms via Gibbs sampler with a Metropolis-Hastings sampling step. The model parameters are estimated using data from all images, and the voxel-wise cancer status indicators for a new patient, { c N +1 ,j | j = 1 , . . . , n N +1 } are classified by treating them as unknown parameters and updating them along with the other model parameters. Derivation of the MCMC algorithm is based on the joint density: where W − 1 ( X | Ψ , υ ) indicates that X follows an inverse Wishart distribution with scale matrix Φ and degrees of freedom υ , π ( θ ) denotes the prior distribution of θ , and we assume a flat prior on µ c ij ,r ij . Here, C i is a


Functional translation theory is based on functionalism,which stressed the intended purpose of the translation and the text function.It has provided a basis theory for the translation of political writings.The paper will explore the feasibility,which is the combination of the translation theory and text in translation practice from lexical level,syntactic level and rhetoric.


Purpose: To report the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of dural carotid-cavernous sinus fistula (CCF). Methods: Fifteen cases of dural CCF confirmed with cerebral angiography were retrospectively analyzed. Results: The mean age of onset was 57.2 years. The cases had 12 female patients and 2 bilateral cases. There were 3 diabetes mellitus, 2 hypertension patients and 3 patients with history of trauma. The most common chief complaints were conjunctival injection and exophthalmos. Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) and corkscrew vessel were the most common ophthalmic findings. On orbital CT, 13 cases other than 2 cases showed dilatation of superior ophthalmic vein. On cerebral angiography, there were 10 Barrow Type D cases, in which the superior ophthalmic vein was the main drainage. Eleven patients were treated with embolization 2.0 (1-5) times per patient on the average. During the follow-up period, 5 cases were complicated with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO). At the last follow-up, all cases except 1 neovascular glaucoma showed normalized IOP but 1 case had conjunctival injection, 3 had residual exophthalmos, and 1 had cerebral nerve palsy. Conclusions: The diagnosis of dural CCF should be suspected at a middle-aged woman with conjunctival hyperemia or exophthalmos, and the clinician should be careful about the IOP and CRVO. The embolization, though the success rate of 1 first treatment is not so high, is thought to be the best treatment modality because it is less invasive and it brings the improvement of clinical symptom nearly in all cases.


The following specific descriptions are based, partly upon material in Dr. D. Parkinson's collection at Birmingham University Museum and lent to me by the courtesy of Dr. Parkinson & Dr. L. J. Wills, and partly upon material in the British Museum (Natural History) especially from the Gilbertson Collection. Diagnosis.3-Spirifer resembling S. striatus (Conchyliolithus Anomites (striatus) W. Martin, 1809, 'Petreficata Derbiensia' pl. xxiii, figs. 1 & 2) and allied forms, but differing from these in having (1) narrower and more numerous costæ with more frequent bifurcations; (2) the median fold prominently raised; (3) the anterior margin of the fold so excavated as to produce a more highly-arched anterior commissure; (4) rounded cardinal extremities; and (5) the cardinal area with converging sides. Description.—Shell transverse, nearly twice as wide as long, valves biconvex; hinge-line slightly less than the greatest width of the shell: cardinal extremities rounded. Pedicle-valve with a broad, rounded, median sinus produced into a long rounded tongue, and dorsally deflected; lateral slopes convex, not sharply demarcated from the sinus except on the umbo; umbo acute, elevated, and incurved; cardinal area curved, outline triangular and tapering towards the cardinal extremities, transversely striated; delthyral angle 58°. Brachial valve with a rounded median fold, increasing in width and prominence anteriorly; lateral slopes convex, demarcated from the median fold by a narrow sinus; cardinal area narrow and flattened. Surface of shell with twenty-one to twenty-five prominent rounded costæ on each lateral slope, and nineteen to twenty on the fold and in the sinus; costæ irregular


Three years plus on the job as Editor-in-Chief for Limnology and Oceanography (L&O), and with so much in flux these days, it seems like a good time for my first editorial. Against the backdrop of roughly 2 years of annual in-person meeting cancellations (last in-person Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography, ASLO, conference—Ocean Sciences Meeting, OSM, San Diego, February 2020) due to the Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, and concurrent with calls of support, compassion, and change in the discussion of racial inequity that is systemically embedded within our scientific communities, I am setting aside the handling of manuscripts for a moment to reflect upon the journal and its constituents—authors, reviewers, and editorial board, as well as the managing and production editors and their staff at Wiley. Whether we have spent a substantial portion of the last 2 years providing health care for a loved one, home-schooling children, inundated with oddly personal, yet equally oddly impersonal, video-conference meetings, protesting institutionalized inequalities and inequities, or any number of other activities in this new age of health and social upheaval, our science has seemingly become secondary. I say "seemingly," because the number of submissions to L&O each month has steadily risen since March of 2020, to the point of reaching year-to-date submission numbers typical of September and October before the end of July. Granted, we did see a substantial rise in submissions in 2019, relative to the previous 4 years and before the COVID-19 pandemic, following the record journal impact factor (see below)—thanks, of course, to the hard work of our authors and my predecessor, Robert (Bob) W. Howarth, and his editorial team. Nevertheless, 2020 seems to have been the opening of a new chapter of unchartered territory for L&O. Are these record numbers of submissions COVID-19 related? Will we see a subsequent drop as our file cabinets of data become depleted with COVID-19-induced restriction to research facilities, travel, and other research efforts? Only time will tell. My advice to the ASLO community: keep everything in perspective and remember why you became a scientist; perseverance, no matter the level, will pay off. If you will allow me to set our personal realities aside for a moment, I would like to share with you a bit about what has been happening at L&O over the past 3 years, as well as what to expect in the coming years. Developments 2019–2021


In this Special Issue, the Journal departs from its usual format in order to publish a group of interdependent papers that were written to address a major topic–the methodology for determining both the "how" and the "why" of decision-making in a litigation context. Termed forensic decision analysis by the authors, the methodology itself transcends the field of economics. However, like hypothesis testing and regression analysis, it can help economists to better answer questions of interest to them and to more fully understand the implications of alternative approaches in forensic economics. Forensic decision analysis is more a way of thinking about a problem than it is a formal theory. It involves no fixed set of assumptions or collection of formulas, though in practice its application will typically lead to numerous formulas and calculations. What is surprising, and very useful, is that the formulas and calculations often differ from those handed down to us by tradition. This message is brought into focus by the authors' collaborative treatment of the problem of pay discrimination detection and measurement. Economists, especially labor economists, have for many years lent their expertise to courtroom proceedings, analyzing accusations of employment discrimination in terms of pay inequities. The first of the three papers in this issue is written by labor attorneys David Copus and Jaime Cole. Mr. Copus represented the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) in its landmark case against AT&T in the early 1970s. The EEOC employed a labor economist to formulate its case, subsequent to which AT&T agreed to a multimillion dollar settlement. The economist went on to publish the details of his analysis and, as related in this article, the context of pay discrimination litigation was set for decades to come. Mr. Copus now thinks the basis for settling that case was fundamentally flawed, and that those same flaws continue to haunt pay discrimination litigation even today. Mr. Copus and Mr. Cole outline the reasons for this discomfort, explaining that the statistical methods used by the labor economist simply do not address the questions of prime legal importance. It is left to the second and third papers in this issue to articulate an alternative to the approach that Mr. Copus and Mr. Cole decry. In the second article, David Peterson points out that many matters in litigation revolve around attempts to determine why a particular decision was made. Drawing on his experience as technical advisor to litigation teams for the past 30 and more years, Dr. Peterson illustrates in his article how this formulation applies in many types of disputes, ranging from jury selection to hiring discrimination to computer code copying, and shows furthermore how all


DURING the war, many operations were undertaken for the restoration of mutilated features, and the surgeon, in cooperation with his dental colleague, achieved many remarkable results. In civilian practice, the plastic surgery of the face has a more limited application, but is none the less important. The possessor of repulsive or ridiculous features is often at a disadvantage in the business world. One of my patients, an expert metallurgist, had difficulty in securing a post on this account alone; another, a shopkeeper, told me that she felt so sensitive of her appearance that she feared she must change her calling. Perhaps the most common of facial disfigurements is that which affects the nose, and many unfortunate persons are to-day undergoing mental tortures such as afflicted Cyrano in Rostand's famous satire. The Nature of the Deformity.—During the past three years there have come under the writer's care 18 cases of sunken bridge or saddle-nose, 2 cases of loss of columella (i lupus, i syphilis), i case of loss of entire nose (electric burn), and i case of enlargement of the nose (congenital). It would appear that the most frequent type of nasal deformity consists in a defect of the bridge, and the following notes refer to this condition only, the other cases having been already described elsewhere.* The treatment of saddle-nose by cartilage grafting is a well-recognised surgical procedure and has been practised by Gillies, Carter, Cohen, Skillern, and others with satisfactory results. The Cause of Saddle-nose Deformity.—Injury ranks first, and was responsible for 13 cases in the present series. The importance of early treatment of all nasal injuries is not yet fully recognised. When the nasal bones are fractured or dislocated the surgeon is careful to reduce the displaced parts, but when, as more often happens, the fracture is limited to the septal cartilage, the injury is less apparent and is therefore


We are honored to have as our guest editor, Dr. Brad Van Voorhis, the Vice Chair of Gynecology and Director of the Division of Reproductive Endocrinology at the University of Iowa College of Medicine in Iowa City, IA. This issue builds on Dr. Van Voorhis's long-standing interest on what constitutes best practices in in vitro fertilization (IVF) and how we determine them.1 He has enlisted a stellar cast of experts in the field to cover nearly all aspects of an IVF cycle to ascertain what the best methods are. Dr. Van Voorhis completed his undergraduate education at Iowa State University and his medical degree at the University of Iowa (thus as a legendary football fan, he is always happy with the outcome of the annual Iowa-Iowa State football game!). He completed his residency in Obstetrics and Gynecology at the Medical College of Virginia (now Virginia Commonwealth University) and his fellowship in Reproductive Endocrinology at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston, MA.He then joined theUniversity of Iowa in theDepartmentof Obstetrics and Gynecology where he rose through the academic ranks to become a Full Professor with Tenure, Head of the IVF program, and Director of the Reproductive Endocrinology Fellowship Program, among his other responsibilities. Dr. Van Voorhis has had a storied career, and his many accolades and awards include being elected to Phi Beta Kappa and Alpha Omega Alpha, winning a scholarship to study at Oxford University, receiving a named chair at the University (he is the F.K. "Ted" Chapler Professor of Reproductive Endocrinology), and is the recipient of multiple prize paper awards at national meetings. He has been named a Best Doctor and Top Doctor in the United States. Dr. Van Voorhis has published extensively in evaluation and treatment of infertility, with a focus on assisted reproduction, andhas also recentlyexplored earlyembryonic function in several novel studies. He has consistently focused on outcomes that provide safe and effective results for patients with infertility, including being a true advocate for eSET in his program and in the nation. As allwhoknowDr. VanVoorhiswill attest, he is a professional of exceptional integrity and conscience. We thank him for editing this outstanding series of articles outlining best practices in IVF.


Weingarten et al. describe a case of asymptomatic methemoglobinemia detected by intraoperative blood gas monitoring in a patient who had been using the lidocaine patch 5% ⇓. The authors describe this as "the first report of methemoglobinemia that resulted from chronic use of transdermal lidocaine." The lidocaine patch is approved for the treatment of postherpetic neuralgia ⇓. Because the lidocaine patch 5% is administered at the site of pain, observations of systemic in addition to local effects following application are of significant interest for monitoring its risk profile. In this respect, we …


An efficient and concise method for the synthesis of diverse substituted sulfones was developed with high selectivity. Using n-PrOH as the solvent, diaryl sulfones are formed even on a gram scale via metal-free coupling from sulfonyl hydrazines with symmetrical or unsymmetrical diaryliodonium salts.


Teaching information system is an important part of teaching quality supervision system,and is also precondition and foundation for improving teaching quality.This paper illustrates the construction and practice experience of teaching information system of Anhui science and technology university,and is to provide model of teaching information system construction for application-oriented university.


With a recent realization of screening serum Ca values determined, case reports on primary hyperparathyroidism are increasingly seen. Moreover, parathyroid carcinoma is becoming a concern as a causative factor for the disease, but its reports are seldom found. A 41-year-old woman visited our hospital with the chief complaints of pain of both the knee joints and lumbago. A solid tumor with a size of the head of index finger was palpated in the anterior cervical region. Serum Ca and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels were as high as 17.8mg/dl and 8.2ng/ml, respectively. The patient was diagnosed as primary hyperparathyroidism and admitted. Preoperative fine aspiration biopsy revealed Class V. Lumpectomy and regional lymphnode excision were carried out under a diagnosis of parathyroid carcinoma, which was confirmed pathohistologically. No lymph node metastasis was observed. After surgery the serum Ca level rapidly decreased, and the patient was discharged. We presented a case of parathyroid carcinoma in which fine aspiration biopsy could successfully offer a definite diagnosis preoperatively.


The $TlCa_{1-x}L_xSr_2Cu_2O_y$ (L=Y or a rare earth element) series of cuprates possessing a (1:1:2:2)-type layered structure exhibit superconductivity in the 60–90-K region. The $TlCa_{1-x}L_xSr_2Cu_2O_y$ (x=1) series of cuprates also possess the (1:1:2:2)-type structure, but are not superconducting. A change in the conduction mechanism seems to occur in the $TlCa_{1-x}L_xSr_2Cu_2O_y$system with a change in x. Partial substitution of Tl by Pb does not favor superconductivity in this series of cuprates


This report summarizes the concepts, software, and contents of the Oak Ridge Computerized Hierarchical Information System. This data analysis and text processing system was developed as an integrated, comprehensive information processing capability to meet the needs of an on-going multidisciplinary research and development organization. (auth)


1% of all male tumors. It is the most common registered malignancy among males aged 25-40 years.1,2 Cryptorchidism (undescended testis [UDT]), on the other hand, is more common and seen in approximately 5-6% of full-term babies and 25% of preterm infants.3,4 The etiology of TN is not clear with multifactorial origin. Undescended testis has long been incriminated as both a risk factor and a cause for the development of TN. Risk of 3-10 times of developing testicular cancer, particularly pure seminoma, has been implicated.5,6 This heightened and overemphasized concern leads many authors to recommend life-long follow-up, repeated scrotal ultrasound (US) and post-pubertal orchidectomy for patients with UDT.7,8 This phobia and terror were T Cryptorchidism and testicular neoplasia


: Terrain adaptation is a critical ability for a ground robot to effectively traverse unstructured off-road terrain in real-world field environments such as forests. However, the expected or planned maneuvering behaviors cannot always be accurately executed due to setbacks such as reduced tire pressure. This inconsistency negatively affects the robot's ground maneuverability, and can cause slower traversal time or errors in localization. To address this shortcoming, we propose a novel method for consistent behavior generation that enables a ground robot's actual behaviors to more accurately match expected behaviors while adapting to a variety of complex off-road terrains. Our method learns offset behaviors in a self-supervised fashion to compensate for the inconsistency between the actual and expected behaviors without requiring the explicit modeling of various setbacks. To evaluate the method, we perform extensive experiments using a physical ground robot over diverse complex off-road terrain in real-world field environments. Experimental results show that our method enables a robot to improve its ground maneuverability on complex unstructured off-road terrain with more navigational behavior consistency, and outperforms previous and baseline methods, particularly so on challenging terrain such as that which is seen in forests.


User cost is one of the major considerations when designing a new highway. The vertical alignment of the highway (i.e., the determination of the pavement level along the highway's trajectory), is one of the design oriented factors which affects this cost. In this paper we investigate the influence of the slopes along the highway, which are determined as part of the vertical alignment, on the main parts of the user cost, namely, fuel cost and travel time value. We show that if, and only if, we evaluate each time unit at not less than a value we derive for it by a revealed preference method (from the driver's speed choice), then the sum of the fuel and time costs is a convex function of the slope. We also show that this sum is a convex function of the (traffic) flow. However, if we take the fuel cost alone, we do not get a convex function for either of these cases. For instance, the fuel cost as a function of the slope fails to be convex due to a drop in its derivative at the "critical slope" where the vehicle starts losing speed. Also we note that the same sum is not necessarily a convex function of both variables (slope and flow) together. Finally, we use the convexity of the fuel and time costs to show that the vertical alignment problem is convex too.


In, today's competitive world, marketing strategy is most powerful tool to succeed in the market.  Banks are dealing with the monitory aspect, so before formulating and implementing marketing strategy, bankers must aware about consumers needs, demographical, cultural , economical, financial and geographical factors, because financial services differs from that of other products.  Now a day customers are focus on financial returns and service quality. This study was based on secondary data, used descriptive research design in nature. This paper discusses key marking strategies used by private and nationalized banks in developing economy which will provide strengthen to their brand value, product positioning and customers service. This paper highlights the benefits of media communication, marketing and mergers strategy.


The technique of 47r-crystal-s cintillation counting has been applied to the standardiza tion of beta-emitting nuclides. Phototubes viewing an anthracene sandwiched source at 180° have been used with high-gain nonoverloading amplifiers in addition and in coincidence circuits to obtain high detection efficiencies. A precise shorted delay-line coincidence analyzer is described. The results of measurements made with P32, Co60, Sr90-Y90, I131, and Tl204 are compared with those obtained by 47r/3-gas-pro portional counting. The method of 47r/3-gas-pro portional counting has been established for some 6 years now for the primary standardization of beta-emitting nuclides at the National Bureau of Standards [1, 2, 3].2 The method of 47r-liquid-sc intillation counting has also recently been investigated at the Royal Cancer Hospital in London [4]. It was therefore considered to be of interest to initiate experiments to determine the efficiency of 47r-crystal-s cintillation counting and its applicability to primary beta standardization. These measurements have now been concluded and show that the method of 47r-crystal-s cintillation counting, although not as generally applicable as 47r/3-gas-proportional counting, can be used for medium and high-energy beta-emitting nuclides. It is the purpose of this paper to report briefly the experimental results obtained for the benefit of other interested workers in the field. 2. Experimental Procedure The crystal scintillation counters used in these experiments consisted of sandwiches formed by two transparent anthracene crystals each approximately 1 in. in diameter and ranging from % to }i in. in thickness. Two Dumont 6292 multiplier photo tubes, in contact with the backfaces of the anthracene crystals, were used with high-gain nonoverloading amplifiers to detect light pulses occurring within the crystals. One of the experimental arrangements is shown in figure 1. The phototubes were inside a light-tight refrigerator, with the lowered tempera tures being used to reduce the random thermal tube noise. The entire sandwich is surrounded by an aluminum cylinder for complete light collection. In this connection it was found that a 2-in. diameter cylinder gave slightly better light collection than one of only slightly larger diameter than that of the crystals, presumably because the former enabled reflected light to reach the phototube directly without 1 Guest worker from the National Physical Laboratory, Pretoria, Union o


The history of opera telecasts reveals the nature of the financial and production problems encountered in the attempt to transfer opera to the mass medium of television.


Monodisperse BaTiO3 microspheres were synthesized using Ba(OH)2, a homemade amorphous TiO2 precursor, and dissolved CO2 as the raw materials. To dissolve sufficient CO2 in the mixing solution, the reaction process was carried out in air. Then, a BaCO3 layer, as a fixed barium source, was coated on the surface of the TiO2 precursor template through a hydrothermal process at 90 °C. Furthermore, the BaCO3 reacted with the TiO2 precursor to form pure BaTiO3 through in situ conversion during subsequent heat treatment at 800 °C. Compared to the commonly used acid soaking method for the removal of BaCO3 after hydrothermal treatment, the method combining in-air mixing with a low hydrothermal temperature and heat treatment yielded BaTiO3 microspheres with a more monodisperse homogenous morphology, which have a greater potential in various applications.

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In developed countries, there is a steady increase in the incidence of malignant neoplasms. The health care system of St. Petersburg is tasked with improving the rates of treatment of malignant neoplasms. The main tasks for achieving the goals are to increase the availability of personnel at different levels of the health care system, as well as the staffing of specialized medical institutions that provide care to patients with malignant neoplasms. The purpose of this study is to assess the resource base of medical organizations in St. Petersburg as part of the provision of specialized inpatient care for patients suffering from malignant neoplasms. The data of the resource base of the system for the provision of specialized oncological care in St. Petersburg were studied for the period from 2014 to 2019. The indicator of the staffing of oncologist posts in the inpatient link with individuals had a significant increase over the analyzed period, a decrease in the number of employees was also noted, and an increase in the number of oncological beds in St. Petersburg.


The Royal College of Pathologists (RCPA) and then RCPA Quality Assurance Programs Pty Ltd (RCPAQAP), a company independent from but aligned with the RCPA, have been producing proficiency testing programs (PTP) for infectious diseases for 52 years. This involves sending infectious disease material in surveys to over 80 countries worldwide throughout any year. The PTP panels are developed depending on the prevalence of diseases, which requires flexible panel composition and dynamic enrolments. The Defence Trade Controls Act was introduced in 2012 as part of a wider international regulatory counter-proliferation framework. In 2017, the inclusion of inactivated infectious diseases as controlled microorganisms in the Defence Strategic Goods List (DSGL) had the potential to completely disrupt the RCPAQAP business model in the provision of infectious disease PTP. Some strategies for mitigating this risk are discussed in this paper.


The components used in curvature wavefront sensors are described with respect to mounting and adjustment requirements. In particular, the techniques used in the construction of the wavefront sensor employed in the adaptive optics bonnette at the Canada-France-Hawaii telescope are described in detail. Descriptions include methods of mounting components, design and adjustment of optics and of fiber-optic feeds for avalanche photo-diodes, and ways of monitoring wavefront sensor alignment and performance during operation.


Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) is rapidly emerging as the main clinical tool for breast cancer screening. Although several reconstruction methods for DBT are described by the literature, one common issue is the interplane artifacts caused by out-of-focus features. For breasts containing highly attenuating features, such as surgical clips and large calcifications, the artifacts are even more apparent and can limit the detection and characterization of lesions by the radiologist. In this work, we propose a novel method of combining backprojected data into tomographic slices using a patch-based approach, commonly used in denoising. Preliminary tests were performed on a geometry phantom and on an anthropomorphic phantom containing metal inserts. The reconstructed images were compared to a commercial reconstruction solution. Qualitative assessment of the reconstructed images provides evidence that the proposed method reduces artifacts while maintaining low noise levels. Objective assessment supports the visual findings. The artifact spread function shows that the proposed method is capable of suppressing artifacts generated by highly attenuating features. The signal difference to noise ratio shows that the noise levels of the proposed and commercial methods are comparable, even though the commercial method applies post-processing filtering steps, which were not implemented on the proposed method. Thus, the proposed method can produce tomosynthesis reconstructions with reduced artifacts and low noise levels.


The mass composition of the Telescope Array surface detector data is analyzed with the use of the Boosted Decision Trees (BDT) technique, which assigns one parameter $\xi$ for each event, which is then concequently used for the determination of the average atomic mass of the primary particle. Itself, $\xi$ parameter may be distributed unevenly across the sky and indicate the mass composition anisotropy of the ultra-high-energy cosmic rays. The sensitivity of the BDT-based mass composition technique to the possible anisotropies is tested with the use of the $\xi$ distribution for the proton and iron Telesope Array surface detector Monte-Carlo sets.


The neutron multiplicity measurement has a strong advantage for measuring mass of special fissionable materials because it helps improve measurement for moist or impure nuclear material such as plutonium oxide, oxidized metal, scrap and residues [1]. This coincidence measurement can be useful when accounting for mass of the fissile material in a U/TRU/RE-blended ingot produced from pyroprocessing to fulfill safeguards obligations. Unlike the conventional He-3 coincidence counter for neutron multiplicity measurement, this study suggests stilbene scintillators as a prospective system for the very same purpose, due to their ability to detect fast neutrons as well as discriminate neutron and gamma-ray pulses. The feasibility of this concept is evaluated herein, roughly estimating the plutonium mass of the ingot from neutron multiplicity measurement with Monte Carlo simulation.


This article considers how the composition and performance of the Odyssey result in two types of middles, one "structural" and one "liminal." Three episodes in the Nekuia—the Anticlea ring structure, the Catalogue of Heroines, and the intermezzo—yield resonant midpoints that are integrated into the thematic structure of the epic, demonstrating how the poet composes and arranges epic narrative from a "liminal" position within performance that is conditioned by a multiform tradition. Arete and especially Theoklymenos are reconsidered in light of these compositional and performative middles and are revealed as potent, integral signs across the long arc of the epic.


PURPOSE: An apparatus and method for controlling a mobile terminal are provided to accurately input a touch point by correcting the difference between a touch input point of a user and a touch input point actually sensed on a touch screen. CONSTITUTION: If a touch input point occurs on a touch screen, a control unit(10) displays a pointer and a pointer controller on a coordinate on which the touch screen recognizes a touch input point. If the pointer-controller is moved, the control unit moves and displays the pointer in correspondence to the movement of the pointer-controller. If the input operation which informs the completion in the pointer control operation, the control unit confirms the touch input operation in the point in which the moved and displayed pointer is placed and performs the operation corresponding to the touch input operation.


Purpose: To evaluate the influence of corneal suturing on corneal perforation during LASIK. Methods: Three eyes from three patients which were perforated during LASIK received corneal suturing and the effect of the suturing on the integrity of the corneas was analyzed. Results: The development of keratectasia was prevented with sutures even though corneal perforation occurred during LASIK in the normal cornea. Conclusions: The development of keratectasia was prevented with corneal sutures on the perforated cornea during the LASIK, and it might be the result of suture itself and scars causing the adherence of the flap to the stromal bed.


ABSTRACT Rotavirus (RV) is the main etiological agent of severe gastroenteritis in infants, and vaccination seems the most effective way to control the disease. Recombinant rotavirus-like particles composed of the viral protein 6 (VP6) and VP2 (2/6-VLPs) have been reported to induce protective immunity in mice when administered by the intranasal (i.n.) route. In this study, we show that administration of 2/6-VLPs by the intrarectal (i.r.) route together with either cholera toxin (CT) or a CpG-containing oligodeoxynucleotide as the adjuvant protects adult mice against RV infection. Moreover, when CT is used, RV shedding in animals immunized by the i.r. route is even reduced in comparison with that in animals immunized by the i.n. route. Humoral and cellular immune responses induced by these immunization protocols were analyzed. We found that although i.r. immunization with 2/6-VLPs induces lower RV-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA levels in serum, intestinal anti-RV IgA production is higher in mice immunized by the i.r. route. Cellular immune response has been evaluated by measuring cytokine production by spleen and Peyer's patch cells (PPs) after ex vivo restimulation with RV. Mice immunized by the i.n. and i.r. routes display higher gamma interferon production in spleen and PPs, respectively. In conclusion, we demonstrate that i.r. immunization with 2/6-VLPs protects against RV infection in mice and is more efficient than i.n. immunization in inducing an anti-RV immune response in intestinal mucosa.


Six isolated phosphate-solubilizing bacteria were obtained from the mud of Wangxiaoying sewage treatment plant.Based on the physiological and biochemical characteristics,the isolated S1,S2,S3,S4,S5 and S6 belonging to the genus Microbacterium,the genus Staphylococcus,the genus Pseudomonas,the genus Acinetobacter,the genus Flavimonas and the genus Cellulomonas,respectively.Compared with the six isolates,we can find that the isolate S3 had the strongest phosphate-solubilizing ability,its transparent rings on the plate showed that the ratio between the diameter of colony and that of colony transparent was 4.5;the degradation rate of lecithin was 66%.Further study by the 16S rDNA sequence analysis was done to identify the isolate S3,which belonged to the genus Pseudomonas alcaligenes.


This study investigates the context and relationship of the Suite for Organ from the Oratory "The Seven Last Words of Christ on the Cross", opus 257 (1991) and the Oratory itself (opus 255a), both by the Brazilian composer Amaral Vieira, for a better understanding of its structural elements. The methodology includes the context of both works, a questionnaire directed to the composer, analysis of the Suite, and identification of rhetorical aspects as they pertain to the Oratory. This work may contribute to a better understanding of the Suite for Organ by Amaral Vieira through the musical content presented here.


This study was to verify the linear multiple discriminant analysis which is classified in the failure corporate and top-leveled corporate of domestic 68 first & second-class hotels in 2001 by using fourteen(14) financial ratio. The result showed that the financial ratio which can be discriminated in the top-leveled and failure corporate was the total borrowings and bonds payable to total assets, debt to equity ratio, and current ratio among 14 ratio. The accuracy of estimated discriminant analysis was 89.7% in discriminant function of distress prediction.


Background: Tranexamic acid (TXA) is typically discontinued on the day of total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, bleeding may persist for several days. We sought to determine whether sequential administration of intravenous (IV) and oral TXA could reduce hemoglobin (Hb) drop more than IV TXA alone. We also wanted to determine whether the use of additional oral TXA increased the rate of complications of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or symptomatic pulmonary embolism (PE). Methods: This prospective, randomized controlled trial included 141 patients. We compared the Hb drop, estimated blood loss (EBL), and transfusion rate of patients receiving IV TXA alone (group IV, n = 48) to those of patients who received IV TXA followed by oral TXA for 2 days (group 2D, n = 46) or 5 days (group 5D, n = 47). IV TXA was administered 10 minutes prior to the tourniquet release and 3 hours after the first IV TXA administration. Computed tomography (CT) was performed on postoperative day 6 to identify radiographic evidence of DVT. We also assessed the prevalence of symptomatic DVT and PE. Results: There were no differences in maximal Hb drop, Hb drops measured at each time point, EBL, or transfusion rate among the 3 groups. The mean maximal Hb drop was 3.5 g/dL in group IV, 3.2 g/dL in group 2D, and 3.4 g/dL in group 5D. The mean EBL was 999.9 mL in group IV, 886.4 mL in group 2D, and 972.5 mL in group 5D. One patient in each group required a transfusion. There were no differences in the prevalence of radiographic evidence of DVT or symptomatic DVT. Symptomatic DVT occurred in 3 patients in group IV and 2 patients in group 5D. One patient in group IV developed a symptomatic PE. Conclusions: Although there was no increase in the complication rate, the sequential administration of oral TXA for up to 5 days after IV TXA did not decrease Hb drop. Therefore, our findings suggest that sequential use of oral and IV TXA is not recommended. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.


Project oriented as a diachronic history of iconographic types in the tradition of Christianity, carried out by the APES research group. Reflection on its methodological orientation. Definition and clarification of the concepts: iconographic type, conceptual image and narrative image. Collection plan: volumes published and planned.


Considering the importance of umbilical cord blood as a potential source of stem cell and, on the other hand, the use of the domestic swine (Sus scrofa) as a useful model for biomedical research in regenerative medicine and aiming to contribute about the quantification of lymphocyte subsets in umbilical cord blood and peripheral blood of newborn piglets, this study aimed to quantify CD4+, CD5+ and CD8+ cells from umbilical cord blood and peripheral blood from pigs at term blood samples. Were analyzed samples of the umbilical cord blood and peripheral of 48 piglets of Topigs lineage, from healthy mothers, artificially inseminated and natural birth. Blood samples were collected from the umbilical cord at birth, by the umbilical vein, and peripheral blood by venous sinus retro-ophthalmic. The immunological measurements of CD4+, CD5+ and CD8+ were obtained by flow cytometry. The relative average values for the CD4+, CD5+ e CD8+ counts in umbilical cord blood and peripheral blood of newborn piglets were inferior to those reported for peripheral blood in adult pigs, suggesting immunological immaturity. The ratio CD4+:CD8+ in umbilical cord blood (3.2±1.2%) and peripheral blood (3.2±1.7%) showed a predominance of TCD4+ over TCD8+. The percentage of CD4+ and CD8+ cells was 1.37±0.86% and 1.15±0.57%, respectively, in umbilical cord blood and peripheral blood.


Before its merger, the Glaxo group had a surprisingly small number of patented DNA molecules in its portfolio. This is in contrast to The Wellcome Foundation, which had over 40 patents mainly for the production of reagents for diagnostic kits and also for gene therapy. It is too early to determine the merged Company's patent strategy in the area of genomics and gene analysis.


ABSTRACT Driverless cars, often viewed as low-carbon tourism mobility and can contribute to sustainable tourism, have generated much discussion. This study adds to ongoing but uncommon discussion about driverless cars' impact on tourist behaviour. With context of nature- and rural-based tourist destination with widely dispersed attractions, this study uses leisure constraints, experience economy, travel motivations, and technology readiness to appreciate future potential of driverless car in tourism. Partial least square analysis on 198 returns revealed that driverless car rental intention at the destination is influenced positively by aesthetic experience expectation and by technology readiness (innovativeness), but negatively by technology readiness (insecurity).


Finger millet and little millet starch was isolated and subjected to functional properties (swelling, solubility and water absorption capacities), thermal properties, pasting properties and SEM analysis of the starches were determined. Swelling power the starch samples increased with increase in temperature. Water absorption capacities of little millet starches decreased, but finger millet starch showed higher value with high swelling power. The modified starches showed increase in alkaline water retention. The minimum amylose content was present in little millet (18.8%), while maximum was 24.8% in finger millet. The maximum amylopectin content was present in little millet (25.5%). Finger millet starch exhibited comparatively better transmittance than little millet starch. Finger millet showed a higher Peak Viscosity (2937 cP) and T (2233 cP) than the little millet starch. The highest enthalpy of the gelatinization (Δ Hgel) was in "finger millet starch". The highest gelatinization temperature was obtained for "finger millet starch" (19.3°C) compared too little millet. SEM images resulted that finger millet starch and little millet starch granules were mainly polyhedral in shapes. A positive correlation coefficient was observed between little millet amylase content and finger millet setback viscosity (p < 0.01). A positive correlation was observed between finger millet amylopectin and finger millet amylase at 0.05% level.


This paper discusses the way to build Rockwell Networks DataBase by using OPC interface in RSlinx. Many technologies have been used in this engineer such as RSview32 ,OPC,VB,ADO,SQL Server and ASP . The setting-up of this network database has offered helpful reference for informationization of enterprises


Quality in a service organization is a measure of the extent to which a delivered service meets the customer's expectation. The general objective of this study will be to establish the influence of service quality improvement strategies on performance of deposit taking savings and Credit Co-operative. This study is based on a review of recent literature relating to performance and service quality in Savings and credit cooperatives. The results of the study are a set of recommendations based on the reviewed literature.


A few years ago, I sometimes heard criticism of concrete pavement from engineers who sajd that we were building pavements the same way we had been b uj)ding them for the past 20 years. Nowadays, I hear many comments that concrete pavement construction methods are changing so fast that it is hard to keep up to date, and it has been noted that many of our specifi cations are lagging behind the contractors and equipment manufacturers in the adoption of new methods a nd technjq ues. There have been so many new developments in concrete paving methods in the past few years that it has been difficult to know whether they are improvements, or whether they are simply new gadgets or gimmjcks which complicate constructi on methods and increase construction costs. I would like to discuss today some of the developments whi ch we feel truly represent progress. They result in a better pavement or they have reduced constructi on costs. In the constructi on of subgrades and embankments we hgve witnessed increasing use of vibratory rollers and vibratory plate compacters which have resulted in more uniform compaction and greater densities at lower costs. Such equipment is of course particularly advantageous in the use of granular materials and on granular subbases. In speaking of granular subbases, we must mention the use of a central plant for p rocessing material. H ere the materials are mixed with water to insure uniform gradation and moisture content which is important to uniform slab support and good pavement performance. Such central mix materials can be sp read through spreader boxes on the grade, which also insure better thickness control, thus permitting the use of thinner layers of granular subbase under concrete. Another development in consb·uction of concrete pavement subbases is the increased use of cement-treated subbases. While this type of construction has been in use in · Californi a for many years, it was not until recently that it was adopted by other states. During the past few construction seasons there has been increasing use of cement-treated subbases in Colorado, Texas, Louisiana and Mississippi. Cement treatment of granular subbase materials permits the use of sub-standard granular deposits; this results in reduced cost and conservation of good granular materials, which are scarce in many sections of the country. Cement-treated subbases also have greater b earing strength and they do not consohdate under repetitive loading, thus permitting the elimination of dowels at contraction joints as well as a slight reduction in pavement thickness. All of these changes mean further economy in construction. Cement-treated subbases may be mixed in place on the grade with travelingtype mixers, or they may be mixed in a central plant and hauled to the project and spread through a spreader box. In California, cement-treated subbases are frequently constructed between the forms. The handling of concrete materials themselves has also seen tremendous changes in recent years . Large automatic batching plants permit electronic controls of the batching operati on and in many cases even provide for a written record of individual batch weights. These may be one-stop pl ants in which the various aggregate sizes are weighed and dropped into a central hopper at one push of a button, or they may be three or four-stop plants in which three, four, or fi ve


The narcotics crime in Indonesia has become one of the crimes that continues to increase every year, even in some cases Indonesia has sentenced capital punishment to the perpetrators of this crime. With the vast territory and the entry of drugs, Indonesia is very vulnerable to this crime. Drug abuse has even been targeted to children and in many cases also carried out by perpetrators who are in prison. The death penalty policy applied by Indonesia to several criminal acts has received a lot of criticism, especially for the international community which has pushed Indonesia to abolish the death penalty. However, in the national context, capital punishment in Indonesia is still carried out with a strong foundation, which is related to broader national interests. This paper analyzes how criminal law policies in the application of capital punishment for narcotics crimes in Indonesia. This paper looks at the criminal law policy in terms of law and human rights.


B-type carbonate apatite (CA) substituting for phosphate ions, is the major inorganic components of vertebrate bones. CA is more biodegradable than HA and has been expected as a next generation biomaterial. We had reported that the polarized HA could promote bone healing. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the electrically polarization on CA characterization. CA synthesized by wet method was sintered at various temperatures in carbon dioxide atmosphere. The TG measurement and polarization treatment of the sintered CA were performed. From the results of XRD and FT-IR analyses, CA was inclusion of contain carbonate about 5wt%. From TSDC measurement, the quantity of accumulated charges of CA was larger than HA. In addition, we evaluated the osteoclast behaviors on non-polarized CA and polarized CA. From the observation of cell morphology, there were multinucleated cells having actin ring structures specific for the activated osteoclasts on the CA surfaces. (Received May 7 2012; Accepted August 6, 2012)


Abstract We introduce reprojection as a general purpose technique for characterizing the dynamic response of a partially observed nonlinear system to its observable history. Reprojection is the third step of a procedure wherein first data are summarized by projection onto a Hermite series representation of the unconstrained transition density for observables; second, system parameters are estimated by minimum chi-squared, where the chi-squared criterion is a quadratic form in the expected score of the projection; and third, the constraints on dynamics implied by the nonlinear system are imposed by projecting a long simulation of the estimated system onto a Hermite series representation of the constrained transition density for observables. The constrained transition density can be used to study the response of the system to its observable history. We utilize the technique to assess the dynamics of several diffusion models for the short-term interest rate that have been proposed and to compare them to a ne...


Background:Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a musculoskeletal disorder within the masticatory system. The present study was conducted to compare theefficacy of arthrocentesis alone and arthrocentesis withduloxetine in patients with TMJ pain. Materials & Methods:40 patients with TMJ pain were randomly divided into two groups of 20 each. Group I patients were treated with arthrocentesis alone and group II with arthrocentesis followed by duloxetine 30 mg twice daily for 12-week therapy. Patients were followed up at regular interval at day 1, day 5, day 7, week 4, week 6 and week 12. Outcome assessment of pain and maximal mouth opening was done. Results: There were 8 males in group I and 9 in ii and 12 females in group I and 11 in group II.VAS score in group I was 5.1, 5.8, 4.9, 4.5, 3.5, 3.3 and 3.0 and in group II was 6.0, 6.5, 4.3, 4.0, 3.2, 2.8 and 1.6 at Preop, day 1, day 5, day 7, week 4, week 6 and week 12 respectively. The maximum mouth opening (mm) preop, day 1, day 5, day 7, week 4, week 6 and 12 weeks was 34.2, 35.6, 38.4, 40.6, 41.2, 41.9 and 42.5 in group I and 35.4, 36.7, 38.9, 40.5, 42.6, 43.7 and 45.2 in group II respectively. The difference was significant (P< 0.05). European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine ISSN 2515-8260 Volume 07, Issue 11, 2020 7843 Conclusion:Combination of duloxetine witharthrocentesis gave much better outcome than arthrocentesis alone in TMJ pain patients.


Investigation of flow patterns and their transitions during viscous oil-water flow through undulated pipeline in valley configuration is reported in this paper. Undulated pipeline consists of two inclined sections (downhill and uphill) connected between two horizontal pipes (upstream and downstream). Experiments have been conducted over a wide range of superficial velocities of oil (USO = 0.013 m/s to 1.12 m/s) and water (USW = 0.1 m/s to 1.12 m/s). Seven different flow patterns (viz., plug, slug, wavy stratified, stratified mixed, wispy annular, dispersion of oil in water and dispersion of water in oil) are identified by visual, imaging and conductance probe techniques at all the four sections. Present work reveals that the flow patterns are similar to that of horizontal pipe flow; however, different flow patterns appear at a velocity higher or lower than that of horizontal flow. Using VOF method, it is successfully predicted plug, slug, stratified wavy, stratified mixed and annular flow except dispersion of both oil and water. Volume fraction data of separated flow obtained from CFD is validated with the experimental data with an average absolute error of 19.3%. Good matching is observed when simulated flow pattern data is superimposed on the experimental flow map of present study. Viscous Oil-Water Flow Through an Undulated Pipeline in Valley Configuration by Experimental and CFD Simulation Website: http://www.ijmert.org Email: email@example.com Volume 5, Special Issue, June 2018 ISSN: 2348-8565 (Online)


As diffraction patterns of high Tc superconducting oxides are complex with many overlapping diffraction peaks which are difficult to resolve with a conventional X-ray pole figure goniometer, some advanced methods of texture measurement and analysis are required to obtain some quaIitative information about the actual texture of these materials. In this paper, the inverse pole figure of the rolling plane of a Bi-2223 tape is determined by the modified maximum entropy method (MMEM) from three overlapping pole figures. which were measured by X-ray difFraction using a curve position sensitive detector. The textures of this sample consiSt of two components- (001) and (110).both parallel to the rolling plane.


Feuerbachian but "in a more complex way than is generally supposed" (p. 282). Or, again, arguing against virtually no one, Breckman concludes ringingly that Marx's turn to socialism "was profoundly determined — even overdetermined — by that [German and Left Hegelian] context" (p. 284). When real issues emerge, Breckman falls silent. Hence he says nothing directly about Althusser's argument that Marx broke with Hegel or the larger structuralist interpretation of Marx. He does not bring up anti-Semitism when examining Marx's essay "On the Jewish Question." Trifles, however, unleash his tongue. Breckman is the master of the quibble. Richard N. Hunt (in The Political Ideas of Marx and Engels) suggested that until 1840 Marx shared the constitutional monarchism of his father. "Contrary to Hunt," Breckman hazards, it is "unclear" whether constitutional monarchy "adequately describes" Marx's ideas in 1840. Yet his own nit-picking frightens the ever judicious Breckman; he retreats, concluding "the evidence" is "simply too thin" to decide "firmly" on the constitutional views of (the twenty-two year old!) Marx (p. 272). Even on the simplest level Breckman hardly provides markers; he uses with great abandon phrases like the Young Hegelians, Old Hegelians, Right Hegelians, Hegelian Left and even progressive, radical, and critical Hegelians, without any effort to define what they mean. Apart from frequent and justifiable references to Toews's Hegelianism he only alludes to the existing literature and its weaknesses that presumably warrants his monograph. For over a century, a library of studies on Hegel and the Young Hegelians has been created by scholars and critics such as Mondolfo and Labriola in Italy; Lukacs and Korsch in Germany; Hook, Lowith, and Marcuse in the United States; Kojeve, Cornu, and Hyppolite in France. Breckman never mentions this literature. In bringing out this dissertation, apparently neither his referees nor his publisher pointed out to him these failings.


This document describes a backward-compatible technique that may be used by OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) implementations to advertise a router's unavailability to forward transit traffic or to lower the preference level for the paths through such a router. (IETF). It represents the consensus of the IETF community. It has received public review and has been approved for publication by the Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG). Not all documents approved by the IESG are a candidate for any level of Internet Standard; see Section 2 of RFC 5741. Information about the current status of this document, any errata, and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described in the Simplified BSD License.


Objective: To compare the characteristics of cultured multinucleated giant cells(MGC)isolated from giant cell tumour of bone (GCT) and the osteoclast, to find out the origin of MGC. Methods: Morphologic features of MGC and reactions induced by calcitonin were observed with inverted phase contrast microscope. The function of bone resorption by MGC was examined with coculture of bone slice and MGC. The resorption lacunae were examined with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The activity of acid phosphatase in MGC was observed by Gomori stain. Results: MGCs showed multinuclei (more than 20 nuclei), irriegular peripheral cytoplasm with pseudopodial projections, vacuoles were seen in the cytoplasm. the pseudopodial movement could be inhibited by calcitonin (100 μg·L -1 ). Lacuna formation could be found in cocultured specimens. There were fibrils on the walls of lacunae. The MGCs demonstrated positive reaction with Gomori stain. Conclusion: The results demonstrated that MGCs had the same morphological features and the bone resorption ability as the osteoclasts. Therefore, the MGCs might be originated from the osteoclasts of stem cell in bone marrow.


. The concept of "Communion of Saints" as propounded by Philip Esler, emphasises that all Christians are one regardless of their denominations. The concept teaches that the living Christians on earth are saints in the biblical sense of the term and all those who die in Christ are saints in heaven. Hence, there is a sense of oneness among all true Christians whether living or dead. Esler considers this concept as an important tool for fostering unity among Christians. However, one of the challenges facing Christianity today is that of disunity among Christians and churches across the world. In Nigeria, Christians are divided as a result of differences in doctrine, liturgy, administrative policy and other traditions that distinguish one denomination from the other. Some Christians express the view that they are superior to the others due to the denomination they belong or through the doctrine(s) they practice. This however, is hindering the effectiveness of the gospel message as well as the roles of Christians as salt and light in the society. This negates the kind of Christianity or Church that Jesus desired when He prayed "that all may be one" (John 17:21). It is on this perspective that this paper examines the concept within the framework of the relationship among Christians in Nigeria. This paper employs hermeneutical approach in examining the concept and posits that unity is essential if Christianity is to make the desired impact in the society. This paper concludes that adequate understanding of Esler"s concept of the "Communion of Saints" will help in promoting unity among Christians and recommends that Church leaders should teach the concept to their members.


1Department of Prenatal Cardiology, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Centre, Lodz, Poland 2Board of the Polish Prenatal Cardiology Society, Poland 3Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland 4Institute of Health Sciences, The State School of Higher Professional Education in Plock, Poland 5Department for Foetal Malformations and Diagnoses & Prevention, Medical University of Lodz, Poland 6Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Institute of Paediatrics, Medical University of Lodz, Poland


Fused silica surfaces polished for long periods while only water is added to the lap after a final application of cerirouge are shown to have a rms roughness of about 0·25 nm. Such small irregularities are resolved by fringes of equal chromatic order only when the apparatus is used under best conditions. In the case of silver reflecting films, highest lateral resolution and highest resolution in depth are obtained for a first order fringe in the red region of the spectrum.


Objectives
                  During the initial wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, older adults were identified as a vulnerable population at high risk for severe illness and mortality. However, symptoms of infection varied widely among adults younger than 50 years old. While some younger adults experienced severe illness, as many as 40% of infected persons remained asymptomatic. Considering the known influence of diet on immune function, the purpose of this cross-sectional investigation was to explore associations between diet quality prior to infection and SARS-CoV-2 symptomatology.

                  Methods
                  Between August and December 2020, an online survey was completed by 158 men and women, 18–49 years old (mean 29.9 + 8.1 years), who had recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection within the previous 4 months. Survey questions about types and severity of symptoms were assessed for content validity by physicians, nurses, and dietitians who treated patients with SARS-CoV-2. Face validity was verified by four adults who met inclusion criteria. To assess diet quality over the previous year, the Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2015) was calculated from the 2014 Block Food Frequency Questionnaire (NutritionQuest; Berkeley, CA).

                  Results
                  Average HEI-2015 was 59.7 ± 9.8 (scale 0–100). HEI-2015 scores did not significantly differ between participants who did or did not report symptoms of fever, chills, cough, shortness of breath, aches, red eyes, headache, loss of taste/smell, rash, congestion, fatigue, nausea, or diarrhea. In a linear regression model adjusted for age, HEI-2015 was also not associated with a composite score of symptom severity (standardized β = –0.021, p = 0.791, R2 = 0.011).

                  Conclusions
                  Habitual diet quality prior to infection was not associated with SARS-CoV-2 symptom severity among this cohort of young adults. Although average HEI-2015 scores indicate suboptimal overall diet quality among respondents, inherent limitations of self-reported symptoms and dietary intake should be acknowledged.

                  Funding Sources
                  The University of Alabama Joint Institute Pandemic Pilot Project.


Combined with the operational experience in relay protection,this paper analyzes the risk points in the startup of new equipment connected to system and their adverse impact on the system,which include the risks during phase sequence verification of voltage transformer(VT) after primary reconstruction of lines,those during the equipment startup in single-bus scheme substation,those during the equipment startup after replacing the current transformer(CT) on HV side of 220 kV main transformer,and those during the equipment startup after replacing bus-tie CT.Specific countermeasures thereagainst are presented.


Objective:The purpose is to study the clinical curative effect and mechanism action of Sanjie Zhentong capsule in treatment of pelvic inflammatory mass.Method:Ninety-five cases of patients were randomly divided into observation group(48 cases) and control group(47 cases) by digital method.The patients in control group were injected with levofloxacin injection(0.2 × 100) mL,gtt,2 times/day,metronidazole 200 mL·d- 1,course of treatment 10 days.The patients not cured after 10 days could take another course of treatment.Based on the treatment of control group,the patients in observation group took Sanjie Zhentong capsule,1.6 g/time,3times/day,course of treatment fourteen days.The main clinical symptom scores were recorded,using ultrasound to evaluate the size of package block.Hemodynamic indexes and levels of serum IL-6 and TNF-α were tested before and after treatment.Result:The total effective rate of observation group was 95.7%,superior to 78.7% in the control group(P0.05).The levels of serum IL-6 and TNF-α of two groups all decreased after treatment,and the observation group was lower than control group(P0.01).After treatment,the whole blood viscosity(low,medium,high),red blood cells deposition,improvement of cell aggregation index,plasma viscosity of observation group were superior to control group(P0.01).The lower abdomen pain,lumbosacral pain,aggravation in abdominal pain,increased uterine activity tenderness score,the line thicken and tenderness of attachment region,the size of the enclosed mass in attachment region,the thicken and tenderness of palace skeletons ligament,and total score of observation group were significantly decreased and were lower than the control group(P0.01).Under ultrasound,the diameter of the enclosed mass was smaller than that of control group,and the difference of reducing of the observation group was better than that of control group(P0.01).Conclusion:The clinical effect of Sanjie Zhentong capsules is good in the treatment of inflammatory block caused by chronic pelvic inflammation.Its mechanism may improve microcirculation and alleviate inflammatory reaction.


Corpus linguistics has developed significantly as a branch of applied linguistics in recent times, in relation to the possibilities of employment in research both in linguistics and in related disciplines. This field of study, furthermore, aims at assaying and describing the salient characteristics of a language by questioning collected and stored data on computer support, in the most applicable way. Considering the proposed definition, it was decided to use the methodology of collection, archiving, and interrogation, specific of corpus-based analysis, within the language educational practices for teaching Italian as L1 and L2. For the purposes of experimentation, a working group of 30 Italian teachers was set up that was aimed at students from different educational orders, and specific training was proposed, within a course organised by Centro Interculturale della Città di Torino. At the end of the course, the teaching staff were able to use the operative modalities of the corpus linguistics with regard to the collection and analysis of the linguistic productions of the students, questioning the corpora with respect to the linguistic uses. In conclusion, the corpora were used as a tool for linguistic analysis and to suggest interventions on error analysis, proving effective both for teachers and for learners. Actually, all the linguistic productions have been used as a basis for the linguistic research proposed to the learners. Teachers were offered a questionnaire about experimentation and the results were positive, as these showed how corpus linguistics can contribute to a significant awareness of learners about the language and learning goals.


New photometric (uvbyβ) observations of the intrinsic variable star V798 Cyg have been secured and used to derive values of foreground reddening, E(b - y) = 0\fm117, and metallicity, [Fe/H] = 0.64. Intrinsic (b - y) and c1 values indicate a mean effective temperature, < Teff > = 7150 K, and a mean surface gravity, < log g > = 3.39. Pulsation theory and theoretical evolutionary tracks yield a mass of 2.3M⊙ and an age of 0.63 Gyrs. Although V798 Cyg has been described as being multi-periodic, this conclusion is not confirmed by our observations. V798 Cyg in most respects resembles a typical population I dwarf Cepheid.


its objectives. Indeed, arguably it is not possible to adequately answer these latter questions unless the former issues are also addressed. Here, then, is a restatement of the necessity of integration of knowledge derived from multiple sources as we struggle to arrive at the most accurate representation of the truth possible in a particular situation. Such integration may not lend itself to findings which are definitive, but if depth of knowledge is important, it is nevertheless a pre-requisite in arriving at a fully informed understanding. How best to capture 'truth' is of course a profound issue. As co-founder of this journal, Ian Shaw has been influential in contributing to debates regarding the value that qualitative social work research can have here, both as regards social inquiry and its relevance to practice. The distinction between research and practice is an important one, whatever the similarities in aim or method that may sometimes be highlighted. As separate activities, they have distinct but related developmental trajectories and so should not necessarily be taken as straightforwardly complementary. Links between them need careful investigation and elaboration, and it is this more than any other theme which emerges most forcefully from this selfselected anthology of Ian's work over three decades. Although foci are diverse, they are cross cutting, with the potential that qualitative methodology might play in aiding our understanding of people and practice a consistent bridge. Practice and research – reviewed here by Malcolm Carey – highlights the extent to which social work research, and the people who undertake it, have evolving concerns and characters. The role that specifically qualitative work might play within this overarching endeavour is both distinctive and significant. It has its limitations, of course, but as has been pointed out again and again, limitations usually mirror strengths, which here are many and varied. Ian Shaw's work emphasises – though not uncritically – these merits and the distinctive potential that qualitative research holds. This book exemplifies the contribution that Ian has made to date. Despite his recent semi-retirement, I am sure there is plenty more to come!


In order to control users' access to the information system, it is necessary to develop a security system that can work in real time and easily reconfigure. This problem can be solved using a fuzzy logic. In this paper the authors propose a fuzzy distribution system for access to the student assessment system, which takes into account the level of user access, identifier and the risk of attack during the request. This approach allows process fuzzy or incomplete information about the user and implement a sufficient level of confidential information protection.


The invasive biopsy techniques 'Radiodiagnosis' utilize radiation emitted by radioactive metal to diagnose the location of infection using radiopharmaceuticals. Bifunctional chelating agents (BCA) which can hold the metals strongly in biological systems, are used to attach radioactive metal to targeting molecule (biomolecule, peptides, proteins and steroids). In this study macrocyclic BCAs with increase in rigidity for complex stability besides requisite flexibility for complexation along with variation in ring size and donor ligands group were synthesized and evaluated for radiodiagnostic applications. The Bifunctional chelating agents {4,10-diamino-1,13-dithia-[2:3; 6:8 (3'-amino); 11:12] tribenzocyclopentadecane ( 5a) , 4,10-diaino-1,13-dithia-[2:3; 6:8 (3'-amino); 11:12]tribenzo-cyclohexadecane ( 5b) and 4,10-diamino-16-oxa-1,13-ditha-[2:3; 6:8 (3'-amino); 11:12] tribenzocyclooctadecane ( 5c )} based on the Bis(2-aminophenyl thio) alkane moiety having benzyl group in backbone were synthesized by macrocyclization of bis (2-aminophenyl thio) alkanes with 3,5-bis-bromomethylnitrobenzene followed by reduction of nitro group using Zn/NH 2 NH 2 . Chelating agents 5a-c formed radiocomplexes with radioactive 99m Tc in 82-98% yield. Among the three chelating agents used, 5c showed maximum complexation with 98% purity followed by 5b (92-94%) with lowest being of 5a (82%). 99m Tc- 5b and 99m Tc- 5c are stable in serum under physiological conditions. The in-vivo imaging of tumours was evaluated by bioconjugating BCA 5b to monoclonal antibody anti-EGFr  and by using Avidin-Biotin pretargeting strategy against the EAT (Eherlic Ascite Tumor) developed in right thigh of mice by gamma imaging. Infection imaging radiopharmaceutical was synthesized from p-aminosalicylic acid (PAS) and DTPA dianhydride to yield BPAS-DTPA ( N 1 ,N 3 -bis{N-(3-hydroxy-4-carboxyphenyl) methylenecarboxamide} diethylenetriamine-N 1 ,N 2 ,N 3 -triacetic acid) and evaluated for diagnosis of P. aureoginosa infection. A varied general transformation observed during the cyclization of bis(2-aminophenylthio)propane (and other 2-aminophenylthioalkanes) with bromoacetyl- bromide where the product obtained was 3-oxo-3,4-dihydro- 2H -1,4-benzothiazine ( 1 ) instead of expected macrocycle (4,7-diamino-1,10-dithia-5-oxo-[2:3; 8:9]dibenzo-cyclotridecane was studied as a general synthesis for benzothiazine.


. We characterise the form of all simple, finite graphs for which the girth of the graph is equal to the circumference of the graph. We apply this to prove a bound on the number of edges in such a graph.


The Project to Educate Physicians on End-of-life Care comes from the Institute for Ethics at the American Medical Association. Permission to produce for non-commercial, educational purposes with display of copyright and attribution is granted. Abstract The public expects the relief of human suffering to be a significant goal of the medical profession. Suffering can be conceptualized as a fragmentation of personhood, as a disturbed life story, as an opportunity, or as total pain. Patients don't suffer in isolation; patients and families must be considered together. Suffering is best relieved by using a team to approach the many elements involved in end-of-life care. The health care system that acknowledge s those characteristics of the individual patient/family that cannot be changed and intervenes to influence those characteristics that can be changed will be able to deliver the best possible outcome. The phrase palliative care defines a model for the relief of suffering and the improvement of quality of life across the spectrum of illness. Hospice is currently the most widely available program for the delivery of palliative care at the end of life. Objectives The objectives of this plenary are to: • describe conceptions of suffering • describe the elements of end-of-life care • define palliative care • describe hospice and palliative care program standards


This paper draws its data from the same 1998-99 study of southern Nigeria as does the previous chapter (Orubuloye and Oguntimehin, Chapter 9), but reports on 1,005 male respondents in all the four study sites. Three of these sites were urban and predominantly Yoruba in southwest Nigeria, while the fourth, in eastern Nigeria, was more rural. One of the urban studies was focused on men at hotels and bars were sex is sold, but the others were of men in the community. The study found that most men believe sex with more than one woman is inevitable and that it is often determined by uncontrollable urges. Most respondents had an adequate knowledge of AIDS, but took risks because they were not dominated by a fear of death. An explanation is offered from health transition theory. We summarized earlier research 1 on the obstacles to sexual behaviour change in the shadow of the AIDS epidemic in a paper with the title 'Underreaction to AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa' (Caldwell, Orubuloye and Caldwell 1992). Later, after specific research on what we had come to feel was an area previously insufficiently st ressed, we complemented it with a paper on 'Perceived male sexual needs and male sexual behaviour in southwest Nigeria' (Orubuloye, Caldwell and Caldwell 1997). This chapter reports 1998-99 research in southern Nigeria designed to test the theses adva nced in the two earlier papers. The 1992 paper (Caldwell et al. 1992) reported that, although sub-Saharan Africa was characterized by significant levels of sexual relations outside marriage, it also had traditions of shame about discussing sexual matte rs especially within th e family across gender or generational divisions. The shame was pronounced when reporting AIDS infection and this had probably been exacerbated by the condemnation of extramarital sexual relations by missionary Christianity and Islam. AIDS was widely felt to be different from other diseases,


RELATIVELY few observations on sensory evoked responses are documented for the cerebral cortex of man.1-3A major obstacle to acquisition of human records has been the small size of the evoked activities observed at the cortical surface. They are smaller than similar responses seen in animals and therefore more easily obscured by spontaneous rhythms of the electroencephalogram (EEG). Recently digital computers have made it possible to uncover such submerged electrical evocations. The computer is programmed to add the electrical activities—both evoked and spontaneous —that follow each stimulus of a repetitive sequence. The sum of the evoked potentials, which are nonrandom events, increases directly as the number of responses added, while the sum of random EEG waves increase as the square root of the number of samples obtained. Thus the two activities grow at a disproportionate rate, and the evoked response is exposed above the spontaneous background rhythms. The technique


Features of cutting of a stalk by a blade with sliding are analytically investigated. The conditions of cutting with sliding of a horizontally located stalk with a knife are substantiated, according to which the blade must press on the stalk perpendicular to it and move at an angle ξ to the normal. The marked angle must be greater than the friction angle φ. The limits of change of values of the angle ξ at which cutting of stalks with sliding is possible are analyzed and defined. It is noted that to ensure cutting of the stem with sliding, as well as to simultaneously and rationally reduce the sliding time of the blade on the stem, it is advisable to perform the operation of cutting stems at an angle ξ less than 90 °. The dependence determined by the conditions of observance by the angle ξp of the zone of the desired action of the velocity point of the blade point to ensure cutting of the stems with sliding is established. The theoretical dependence for determining the sliding coefficient is established, which allows to numerically estimate the degree of sliding. It is noted that cutting with sliding requires less force N, less normal pressure than non-slip cutting. Under such conditions, an increase in the angle ξ leads to a corresponding decrease in the force N. The implementation of the results of the study in the cutting machines of harvesters, forage machines, as well as segmental cutters of reciprocating movement of harvesters, will allow due to the quality of the technological process of cutting plant stems with sliding increase in productivity up to 17%.


The challenges of making the fabrication of both electronic and optical devices more competitive have led to an upsurge in research activity in numerous lithographic techniques, which include but are not limited to microcontact printing, photolithography and electron-beam lithography. Alternative lithographic techniques, in particular nanoimprint lithography (NIL), are emerging as a unique and viable novel nanofabrication approach towards the goal of submicrometre devices. A comparison of alternative lithographies are given in table 6.1. NIL has received considerable attention in recent years due to its potential as a parallel, high-resolution, high-throughput and, moreover, lowcost technique [1]. Moreover, small feature sizes [2], ∼10 nm, and reasonably high aspect ratios [3, 4], typically four, have been demonstrated by NIL. Such routinely attainable characteristics have undoubtedly contributed to the interest in this field as exemplified by the growing number of applications which employ this approach: molecular electronics [5, 6], photonics [7–9], biosensors [10, 11], dynamic and fundamental research in polymer characteristics [4, 12] and etch mask patterning [13] to list a few. Some of these devices will be discussed indepth later. The aforementioned applications are indeed limited in breadth to one or two dimensions; however, the potential for imprinting in three dimensions or multilayer [14–19, 23] has also been explored. The concept of 3D NIL is relatively new and is still being defined. It ranges from the fabrication of 3D nanostructured stamps, and subsequent imprints,


JVRB, 5(2008), no. 7. - The grasping of virtual objects has been an active
research field for several years. Solutions providing
realistic grasping rely on special hardware or require
time-consuming parameterizations. Therefore, we introduce
a flexible grasping algorithm enabling grasping without
computational complex physics. Objects can be grasped
and manipulated with multiple fingers. In addition,
multiple objects can be manipulated simultaneously with
our approach. Through the usage of contact sensors the
technique is easily configurable and versatile enough to be
used in different scenarios.


In the measurement ofinterference fringe using the linear CCD, thinking ofthe separation of CCD, the integral effect of the pixel, and the sampling speciality of the interference fringe (cosine signal), three problems have been discussed seriously——"how to determine the advisable maximum of the spatial frequency ofthe fringe", "the effect on the sampling ofthe integral effect ofthe pixel", and "the effect on the contrast ratio ofthe fringe ofthe phase matching ofthe pixel".


Measured fragment angular distributions for /sup 12/C- and /sup 16/O-induced fission are compared to calculations assuming K to be determined at the saddle point and using moments of inertia from calculated saddle-point shapes with diffuse surfaces. These calculations are consistent with experimental angular distributions in those cases where the fission barrier is comparable to or greater than the temperature at the saddle point. When the temperature exceeds the barrier height, the overall agreement with experiment is poor.


is overwhelming evidence (e.g. Goldbach's conjecture); it is the business of the statistician to facilitate decisions in the light of inadequate evidence. In fact, however, there are grave philosophical difficulties in applying probability theory to the " real world " even when to the non-philosophical eye the evidence points unmistakably in one direction (as the tobacco manufacturers have recently pointed out!); but there are none in applying it to numbertheory. Both numbertheory and probability theory have an axiomatic basis, and so if the hypotheses of a theorem in probability theory apply to a number-theoretical situation then so do the consequences. (It should perhaps be mentioned that the literature contains also " applications " of probability theory to numbertheory of a quite different (and as usually presented fairly meaningless) nature, often to the theory of primes. One considers the set.S of all sequences s: a\ <ai<... <an< of positive integers which have certain properties P (usually not explicitly stated) enjoyed by the sequence of prime numbers. In the set 5 a probability measure m is (usually tactitly) introduced and it is then shown that m-almost all sequences J in S have a certain property Q (e.g. that every sufficiently large integer is the sum of two distinct members of s). It is then concluded that it is " very probable " that the prime numbers have Q. It is held to be a deep mystery when two practitioners of this art come to contradictory conclusions (on the basis of different-unstated-P's and w's). Needless to say, the remarks above do not apply to these arguments!) The author, who has made important contributions of his own, treats exhaustively one only of several types of application of probability theory to numbertheory, namely to the asymptotic distribution of multiplicative and additive number-theoretical functions. Fairly detailed reviews of the first edition (1959) are available in, e.g. Mathematical Reviews; the second edition is similar in scope but contains considerable new material. The following may be taken as a typical special case of what is proved: Let w(ri) denote the number of prime factors of the integer n. For any real number f and positive integer N denote by FN (f) the number of n <N for which


In this paper,biomass accumulation,dynamic expression of proteins in fermentation broth of Aspergillus oryzae were studied when glucose or tween 80 were used as additional carbon sources.When glucose was used as additional carbon source,biomass accumulation of A.oryzae was faster than tween 80 and reached the maximum of 31.97 g/L at 24 h,but accumulation of A.ryzae was slow when tween 80 was used,which reached the maximum of 11.15 g/L at 96 h.Total proteins in fermentation broth was higher with glucose as additional carbon source.Cell-bound proteins reached the maximum value of 5.65 mg/g at 72 h with tween 80 as additional carbon source,while cell-bound proteins reached the maximum of 1.71 mg/g at 48 h with glucose as additional carbon source.Expression of cell-bound proteins detected by SDS-PAGE within 192 h showed that cell-bound proteins increassed at the rapid growth and stationary phages,and reduced at the recession phage.which was in consistent with protein contents measured by the Lowry method.