Malassezia commensal yeasts are associated with a number of skin disorders, such as atopic eczema/dermatitis and dandruff, and they also can cause systemic infections. Here we describe the 7.67-Mbp genome of Malassezia sympodialis, a species associated with atopic eczema, and contrast its genome repertoire with that of Malassezia globosa, associated with dandruff, as well as those of other closely related fungi. Ninety percent of the predicted M. sympodialis protein coding genes were experimentally verified by mass spectrometry at the protein level. We identified a relatively limited number of genes related to lipid biosynthesis, and both species lack the fatty acid synthase gene, in line with the known requirement of these yeasts to assimilate lipids from the host. Malassezia species do not appear to have many cell wall-localized glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) proteins and lack other cell wall proteins previously identified in other fungi. This is surprising given that in other fungi these proteins have been shown to mediate interactions (e.g., adhesion and biofilm formation) with the host. The genome revealed a complex evolutionary history for an allergen of unknown function, Mala s 7, shown to be encoded by a member of an amplified gene family of secreted proteins. Based on genetic and biochemical studies with the basidiomycete human fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans, we characterized the allergen Mala s 6 as the cytoplasmic cyclophilin A. We further present evidence that M. sympodialis may have the capacity to undergo sexual reproduction and present a model for a pseudobipolar mating system that allows limited recombination between two linked MAT loci. IMPORTANCE Malassezia commensal yeasts are associated with a number of skin disorders. The previously published genome of M. globosa provided some of the first insights into Malassezia biology and its involvement in dandruff. Here, we present the genome of M. sympodialis, frequently isolated from patients with atopic eczema and healthy individuals. We combined comparative genomics with sequencing and functional characterization of specific genes in a population of clinical isolates and in closely related model systems. Our analyses provide insights into the evolution of allergens related to atopic eczema and the evolutionary trajectory of the machinery for sexual reproduction and meiosis. We hypothesize that M. sympodialis may undergo sexual reproduction, which has important implications for the understanding of the life cycle and virulence potential of this medically important yeast. Our findings provide a foundation for the development of genetic and genomic tools to elucidate host-microbe interactions that occur on the skin and to identify potential therapeutic targets. Received 6 December 2012 Accepted 11 December 2012 Published 22 January 2013 Citation Gioti A, et al. 2013. Genomic insights into the atopic eczema-associated skin commensal yeast Malassezia sympodialis. mBio 4(1):e00572-12. doi:10.1128/mBio.00572-12. Editor Judith Berman, University of Minnesota Copyright © 2013 Gioti et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported license, which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Address correspondence to Annika Scheynius, email@example.com. Malassezia is a dominant member of the normal human cutaneous microbial flora which belongs to the subphylum Ustilaginomycotina, phylum Basidiomycota, of fungi and thus is more closely related to the plant pathogen Ustilago maydis than to the ascomycetous fungi, such as the dermatophytes and Candida yeasts that infect humans. Malassezia colonizes human skin soon after birth (1) and is also associated with skin diseases such as atopic eczema/dermatitis, pityriasis versicolor, pityrosporum folRESEARCH ARTICLE January/February 2013 Volume 4 Issue 1 e00572-12 ® mbio.asm.org 1 m b.asm .rg on Jauary 1, 2014 P ubished by m b.asm .rg D ow nladed fom


Objective To investigate the effect of leukotriene receptor antagonist montelukast sodium therapy in children with severe asthma. Methods 46 cases of severe asthmatic children were randomly divided into two groups, the control group received glucocorticoid treatment, and the experimental group received montelukast combined with glucocorticoids, the clinical effectwas compared. Results The treatment effect of experimental group was better than that of control group patients (P 0.05); the using frequency of emergency medicine of the experimental group was significantly lower compared with the control group, with significant difference (P 0.05). Conclusions The leukotriene receptor antagonist montelukast treatment in childrenwith severe asthma is a safe and effective therapy.


Introduction: The axillary arch muscle of Langer is the most common anatomical variant of axillary musculature which is of clinical and surgical importance. It may lead to neurovascular compression syndrome in the cervicoaxillary region and can be misinterpreted while examining axilla and also impairs movements of shoulder joint. Observation: During routine dissection of axilla for undergraduate teaching, an unusual muscular slip in the left axilla was observed .The muscular slip was extending from lattisimus dorsi muscle to undersurface of pectoralis major muscle, arching over axillary vessels and cords of brachial plexus. Conclusion: The axillary arch may cause obstruction to axillary vessels and nerves and may be involved in thoracic outlet syndrome and shoulder instability. The knowledge of this muscular variant could help to minimize intraoperative complications related to surgeries in or nearby axilla such as mastectomy, breast reconstruction and axillary lymphadenectomy or lymph node biopsy.


A German machine gun position photographed just after its capture by New Zealand troops during World War I. Shows a New Zealander inspecting the trench in which a dead German soldier lays. Sheets of iron and pieces of timber are strewn around the nearby dugout. Two stick hand grenades are visible in the foreground. Photograph taken Grevillers 24 August 1918 by Henry Armytage Sanders.
An original print from this negative is in album PA1-f-094
Inscriptions: Photographer's title on negative - bottom left - H934
Quantity: 1 b&w original negative(s).
Physical Description: Dry plate glass negative 4 x 5 inches


Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) leads to chondral defects and labral degeneration of the hip joint which present initially with pain and functional limitation, eventually progressing to osteoarthritis. This disease process is associated with femoral version abnormalities which in and of themselves can result in aberrant joint stresses and joint degeneration. Addressing the hip joint without correcting femoral version in these cases can result in failure given the persistent joint dysfunction. Hip arthroscopy has proven an effective intervention for FAI, with outcomes on par with open treatment. Combining this surgery with a mini-open femoral osteotomy is an efficient one-stage operation for the correction of femoral version abnormalities in the setting of FAI. The use of a femoral nail for fixation of the osteotomy allows for no added postoperative weight bearing or rehabilitation requirements. Hip arthroscopy with mini-open femoral osteotomy is a safe and effective method for a one-stage treatment of this complex disease.


A human factors assessment was performed on several International Space Station (ISS) medical packs to evaluate the organization of items and provide recommendations for redesign. The overall goal was to recommend solutions that will improve the efficiency of identifying and locating items in the medical packs, thereby, potentially increasing the survival rate of crewmembers in the event of a medical emergency. Currently, each ISS crew remains on-orbit for six-month intervals. As there is not a standing requirement for a physician crewmember, the maintenance of crew health is dependant on individual crewmembers delivering care via telemedicine and their own limited training. In addition, medical procedures must be carried out within the limitations imposed by the unique physical environment of the space station. Given these challenges, the procedures and equipment designed to aid the crewmember in delivering that care should follow human-centered design principles in order to be as easy and simple to use as possible. The evaluation revealed six main categories of issues: Labeling, Location/Collocation of items, Clear Presentation of Information, Error Prevention, Stowage, and Equipment Design. Recommendations for each category are provided, and should be considered for efficiency and effectiveness in any medical environment.


A two-type society means a resource-conserving and environment-friendly society.The construction of a two-type society is the needs of the social development and the participation in the construction of the two-type society is the needs of the internal requirement of demonstrative higher Vocation learning institution themselves.To lead the healthy development of China's higher vocational colleges.


Small with control: For miniaturization of protein aggregation experiments the interfacial chemistry must be controlled to avoid protein aggregation caused by interfacial adsorption. Plug-based microfluidics with defined surface chemistry (see schematic picture) can then be used to perform hundreds of aggregation experiments with volume-limited samples, such as cerebrospinal fluid from mice.


are also used by investors to analyze companies in forecasting profits, forecasting dividends and forecasting stock prices. Analysis of financial statements is then used to compare companies with other companies in the same industry. The purpose of this study is to determine the analysis of liquidity ratios, activity ratios, solvabilities ratios, profitability ratios of hotels, restaurants, and tourism sub-sectors listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2014-2016 in order to compare the company's financial performance so that it can take future decisions.The research method used is descriptive analysis of the results of data analysis of financial statement analysis. The results obtained from the analysis of the financial statements of companies that have the best CR are PT MNC Land Tbk. The company has the best TATO ratio is PT Bayu Buana Tbk. The ratio of DER, the best company is PT Pembangunan Graha Lestari Indah Tbk  while the profitability analysis with NPM ratio, the best company in 2014, PT MNC land Tbk, in 2015 PT Pembangunan Jaya Ancol Tbk and 2016 again PT MNC Land Tbk. If investors see the EPS ratio in 2014 and 2015 we recommend that PT Pembangunan Jaya Ancol Tbk and 2016 PT MNC Land Tbk.Keywords: Current Ratio, Total Assets Turn Over, Total Debt to Equity Ratio, Net Profit Margin, Earning per Share.


Effect of different seed sizes viz., large, medium, small and the field run seed on germination, yield and the plant characteristics were studied with two varieties of sun- flower, EC, 68414 and EC. 68415. The large seeded plants were taller and recorded higher diameter of the stem and capitulum, number of seeds per capitulum, yield per se and thousand grain weight. The oil percentage did not differ significantly. Plants grown from larger seeds gave significantly higher yields.


Photoluminescence (PL) and photoconductivity (PC) studies of Hg1−xCdxTe (0.19 ≤ x ≤ 0.23) epitaxial films are presented. Interband PL is observed at wavelengths from 26 to 6 μm and in the temperature range 18 K–200 K. The PL line full width at half maximum is about 6 meV (4kT) at 18 K and approaches its theoretical limit of 1.8kT at higher temperatures. Carrier recombination process is also investigated by time resolved studies of PL and PC at pulsed excitation. Radiative transitions are shown to be the dominating mechanism of carrier recombination at high excitation levels.


The article gives an experimental check of sequence of elementary training in kinds of sports entering in winter all-round. Efficiency of methodology of basic disciplines of biathlon mastering and complex direction of training of technically more difficult disciplines entering into biathlon have been defined.


The tools with left and right-threaded pin were used on FSW lap joints of 2A12 aluminum alloy in different heat treatment states. The influence of the material properties and the thread orientation on lap joint interface migration behavior was investigated,and the effect of lap joint interface migration on shear strength was analyzed. The results show that the lap interface when used the left-threaded pin migrates upward but the lap interface when used the right-threaded pin migrates downward,and the height of the interface migration is lower than that when used the left-threaded pin. The shear strength of FSW lap joint decreases with the increase of the height of interface migration. The formation of lap joint interface welded by the right-threaded pin is mainly influenced by the bottom sheet material performance. When the bottom sheet material strength is higher,the height of the lap interface migration is higher and the width of the lap interface deformation is narrower.


Nowadays,with the rapid improvement and development of democratic politics in our country,people's ideological activities are characterized by independence,selectivity,variety and diversity.The diversification of people's valuation is more complicated than that in any other period.Only if a team of political cadres with high quality is set up,it can finish the task tranquilly under the new situation and fulfill the glory mission entrusted by the Party to guide the staff to the right direction.As professional political cadres working on staff's ideology,we are asked to perfect ourselves and work hard on improving all kinds of ability in order to do well the ideological and political work of workers and staff.


Constant runout valve is the key component of arresting gear in aircraft carrier.In this article,the structure character is analyzed and the basic control principle of arresting force is studied,also the influence of inaccurate aircraft weight setting on over loading of arresting force.It has been found that it is likely to increase the over loading when the aircraft weight is set too light or too weight.It will cause aircraft damage and personnel casualty possibly,indeed the failure of arresting task.


Through analysing the interaction between the circular economy industrial chain(CEIC) and the ecology-environment system in lifecycle of paper products,the evaluation index system of ecological stability of the CEIC was established,including five aspects of raw material selection,product design,raw material processing,product manufacture and product recycling.Analytic hierarchy process(AHP) and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation were used to evaluate the ecological stabilities of twelve CEICs with different raw materials or products in paper industry as an example.The results indicated that the ecological stability of the CEICs with different raw materials was different.The best was the CEIC with the raw material of waste paper pulp,the next was those with chemical wood pulp,and the worst was those with wheat straw pulp as raw material.Meanwhile,the ecological stabilities of the CEICs with different products were different.The ecological stabilities of the CEICs,which produced paper and paperboard with low consumption,low toxicity,low pollution and good renewable capability,were better.


Introduction: Familial dementia (FD) is one of the strongest risk factors for dementia. Little is known about the independent and combined associations of having FD and following a healthy lifestyl...


A novel trajectory control system concept was implemented to provide manual control of a conventional jet aircraft. This concept, called Total Aircraft Flight Control System (TAFCOS), utilizes an inverse model of the aerodynamic and propulsion characteristics and employs feedforward control to provide the required acceleration command. The concept requires on-board digital computations which can easily be handled by a modern airborne computer. The system was studied in a piloted simulation of the carrier approach and landing task with primarily visual flight and guidance cues. The principal modes of vertical flight-path control investigated were vertical velocity command and vertical acceleration command. The study included manual carrier approaches with and without moderate ship motion and associated air disturbances, and tests of the effects of discrete gusts. Manual control of flight path through this new concept was shown to be feasible as an addition to an automatic control system and to have potential as an improved mode of control over conventional control for the carrier approach task.


Via the linking theorem, the existence of nontrivial solutions for a nonlinear elliptic Dirichlet boundary value problem with an inverse square potential is proved.


The tissue distribution and extent of virusspecific antigen expression were studied by immunofluorescence as a function of time and of lymphoma development in adult C57BL/Ka (Fv-1b) mice after intravenous injection of radiation leukemia virus, a B-tropic murine leukemia virus. Viral antigens were detected earlier in the thymus (1 week) than in the bone marrow, spleen, or lymph nodes (2-3 weeks). Despite an initial virus-induced thymic involution, the percentage of immunofluorescence-positive cells in the thymus rapidly increased thereafter to 65-80%, at which level it remained until 9 weeks, at which time increases in size and weight, histological changes, and an increased number of blastoid cells indicated the onset of lymphoma development in the thymus. In contrast, the percentage of immunofluorescence-positive cells in the bone marrow, spleen, and nodes remained low, and gradually decreased to zero within 8 weeks after thymectomy. The selective thymic localization of antigens induced by radiation leukemia virus in C57BL/ Ka mice is in striking contrast to the previously reported ubiquitous tissue distribution of the Gross-AKR virus, an N-tropic virus, in its natural host, the FvJn, AKR strain with a high incidence of leukemia. The many murine leukemia viruses (MuLV) isolated (for review see ref. 1) may be classified into two groups: (a) a naturally occurring group originally extracted from leukemias and lymphomas of the murine strains in which they are "vertically" transmitted; and (b) a "virulent" group, originally extracted from long-transplanted murine neoplasms of nonlymphomatous character and not known to exist as such in nature (2). The rate of propagation of different MuLV on cultured cells derived from different murine strains is determined by the Fv-1 gene (3, 4). Certain naturally occurring viruses replicate to titers 102to 103-fold higher on the cells of Fv-ln strains (NIH, AKR, C3H, etc.) than on those of Fv-lb strains (BALB/c, C57BL, etc.); such viruses are designated "N-tropic." Conversely, other naturally occurring viruses exhibit the reciprocal pattern of preferential replication on Fv-lb cells and are designated as "B-tropic." Although much has now been learned concerning their behavior in vitro, relatively little information is available concerning the time-course of expression and patterns of tissue spread in vivo of the naturally occurring group. It is known that one of the prototype N-tropic viruses, the Gross-AKR wild-type virus, first becomes detectable in infectious form at about the time of birth in its natural host, the AKR strain (5, 27). Within a few days thereafter, it is widely distributed in spleen, liver, bone, bone marrow, and other tissues, including the thymus, in which the lymphomas it induces are known to arise. The rapidity with which Gross-AKR virus becomes ubiquitously disseminated in infant AKR mice seemed entirely consistent with expectation for an N-tropic virus in a host of Fv-1n genotype, and presumably related to the high "spontaneous" incidence of leukemia in AKR mice (6). It seemed important to investigate the pattern of tissue distribution in vivo of a B-tropic virus in a host of Fv-lb genotype. The B-tropic MuLV selected for these studies was the radiation leukemia virus (RadLV), originally extracted from thymic lymphomas induced in strain C57BL/Ka mice (which have a low incidence of leukemia) by whole-body x-irradiation and known to be leukemogenic in mice of that strain when inoculated'intraperitoneally, intravenously, or intrathymically soon after birth (7-9). Unlike Gross-AKR leukemia virus, the endogenous virus is not spontaneously expressed in infectious form until very late in life (10, 11); before that time, its expression may be induced by exposure of C57BL/Ka mice to appropriate doses of whole-body x rays (7, 8) or certain chemicals (12-14). Accordingly, it was elected to inject exogenous RadLV intravenously (i.v.) into young adult C57BL/ Ka mice and to follow the pattern and relative abundance of viral antigen expression in selected lymphoid and hematopoietic tissues as a function of time and of lymphoma develop-


How to cite this paper: AlAfnan, M. A. (2021). The influences of corporate cultures on business communication: An ethnographic and textual analysis. Journal of Governance & Regulation, 10(2), 34–43. https://doi.org/10.22495/jgrv10i2art3 Copyright © 2021 The Author This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/


This chapter launches a more detailed examination of statistical learning within a regression framework. Once again, the focus is on conditional distributions. But now, the mean function for a response variable is central. How does the mean vary with different predictor values? The intent is to begin with procedures that have much the same look and feel as conventional linear regression and gradually move toward procedures that do not. A " spline " is a thin strip of wood that can be easily bent to follow a curved line (Green and Silverman, 1994: 4). Historically, it was used in drafting for drawing smooth curves. Regression splines, a statistical translation of this idea, are a way to represent non-linear, but unknown, mean functions. Regression splines are not used a great deal in empirical work. As we show, there are usually better ways to proceed. Nevertheless, it is important to consider them, at least briefly. They provide an instructive transition between conventional parametric regression and the kinds of smoothers commonly seen in statistical learning. For a piecewise linear basis, the goal is to fit the data with a broken line (or hyperplane) such that at each break point the left-hand edge meets the right-hand edge. When there is a single predictor, for instance, the fit is a set of straight line segments, connected end to end, sometimes called " piecewise linear. " Figure 2.1 is a simple illustration using three straight lines joined end to end. There is a response variable represented by y and a predictor represented by x. For now, only the fitted values are shown.


We have probed the distribution of hole carriers in Eu(Ba1−xEux)2Cu3O7 + δ (x = 0–0.2) and Eu(Ba1−xPrx)2Cu3O7 + δ (x = 0–0.25) by O K-edge and Cu L-edge x-ray absorption spectra. Upon Eu and Pr substitution at the Ba site in Eu(Ba1 − xRx)2Cu3O7 + δ, the concentration of holes in the CuO2 planes becomes greatly diminished. The depletion rate of hole carriers within the CuO2 planes in Eu(Ba1 − xPrx)2Cu3O7 + δ is greater than that in Eu(Ba1 − xEux)2Cu3O7 + δ. The rate of Tc suppression with Pr doping in Eu(Ba1−xPrx)2Cu3O7 + δ is accordingly greater than that in Eu(Ba1 − xEux)2Cu3O7 + δ.


This paper reports early results of a 3-year project aiming to establish a knowledge-bank for economic-administrative domains. Special knowledge is embedded in text produced typically by experts, captured in language independent concepts as language specific terminology which is stratified with respect to domain specificity ranging from general shared terms to unique domain-focal terms. KB-N refines and integrates computational strategies and tools in NLP for corpus design and analysis, automatic and semi-automatic extraction, representation, and retrieval of terminology, dynamic thesaurus creation, dynamic display of authentic collocational and phraseological evidence, etc. In Phase I of the project we are capturing introductory textbook text across 30-odd subdomains. Texts are XML-coded and POS-tagged, and strictly parallel texts aligned for equivalence mining. Term extraction from English text exploits System Quirk's built-in functions while term extraction from Norwegian is being developed from scratch. Pruning/supplementation of candidate lists require man/machine interaction where expert knowledge intersects with terminological principles. The system allows dynamic development of conceptual hierarchies. A range of applications are envisaged for the knowledge bank. The theoretically most interesting use of the KB-N Termbank will be in the context of Norwegian-to-English automatic translation On the didactic side KB-N will be integrated with an established e-learning system. The concept of a text-based knowledge-bank builds on the underlying assumption that domain-focal special knowledge is embedded in text produced typically by domain experts for documentary, argumentative, didactic or general communicative purposes. It further assumes that the essential knowledge content is embedded in relatively language independent concepts and manifested through relatively language specific terminology (in casu English and Norwegian used in economic-administrative domains), and that such terminology is stratified with respect to domain specificity ranging from general shared terms down to a small set of domain-focal terms. 1. The LSP background The scholarly study of special languages (LSP, Fachsprache, Langue de specialité, cf. Sager et al., (1980)) can be traced back to the 20's and 30's, with the Austrian engineer Eugen Wüster's founding of die allgemeine Terminologielehre (Wüster, 1932/1985) as an academic discipline forming a definitive starting-point. The initial development took place largely in the German-speaking areas or former eastbloc countries. With the post-WWII ascendance of English as the language of science and engineering accompanied by the flocking of students from many countries to universities and professional schools in the UK and the US, a didactic strain of LSP teaching developed which remains a strong Anglo-American tradition – ESP or "English for specific purposes," a subset of EFL/ESL or "English as a Foreign/Second Language". In other regions, especially in parts of Europe, LSP practitioners have developed other research paradigms involving their own native languages and have influenced both research goals and methodology in broad areas of language study and linguistic research However, despite the overwhelming volume of production and translation of LSP-type text which is actually carried out every year product documentation and specification, international agreements, treaties and reports, global newsfeed, subtitling and advertising, just to name a few -, to this day LSP has remained a marginal patch in the general field of language and linguistic studies, as evidenced by the relative paucity of dedicated professional journals and conferences. 2. On the nature of sublanguages It was not incidental that the very first application beyond pure number crunching that was envisaged for the newly invented computer should be the automatic translation of natural languages (Hutchins, 1986), and that the initial strategy involved a massive accumulation of bilingual glossaries of "technical terminology" for automatic look-up – which remains a cornerstone of SYSTRAN, probably the most widespread general MT system to this day (Toma, 1976/1989). The achilles' heel of MT turned out to be the multiply ambiguous general content words of ordinary language (which added to the function words probably make up about 60% of any text). The special terms, however, which convey key concepts of linguistically embedded expert knowledge, in the context of a highly constrained morphology, phraseology and syntax (LSP, in other words, see next section), continue to hold out promises for the processing of natural language through technological applications like MT, e-glossaries, elearning, e-lexicography etc. I will now describe the fundamental notions inhabiting this universe of LSP discourse as they are manifested through their linguistic representations. Consider the figure given as diagram 1.


Dr. Anne Snowdon is a Professor of Strategy and Entrepreneurship at the Odette School of Business, University of Windsor, the Vice Chair of the Board of the Directors for Alberta Innovates, member of the Health Futures Council of Arizona State University (ASU), and the Chief Scientific Research Officer for HIMSS. She leads an extensive programof research on healthcare supply chain andDigital Health, and is an Adjunct Faculty at the Department of Computer Science at the University of Windsor.


Fascism prevails in China in 1930s due to varied reasons from both in and out of China,and even from in the corrupted Kuomintang itself.In 1927,the purge and anti-communists by Chiang Kaishek and Wang Jingwei turn the Kuomintang in chaos.Thereafter,Kuomintang is eager to learn from the increasingly powerful and prosperous Italy and Germany,and introduces the fascism,giving up the Soviet communism.In effect Kuomintang attempts to threaten communism in China.


1-Hydro-5-carbaphosphatrane 4, the first 5-carbon analog of a phosphatrane, was synthesized. X-ray crystallographic analysis showed that it has a typical TBP structure and that it is a 10-P-5 phosphorane in a perfectly "anti-apicophilic" arrangement.


To improve the generalization of a trained neural network for prediction, the paper discussed the method of "stacked generalization" as well as the stacked generalization network. This network was used in modeling a concentrate example.


The time lapse between the collection of aqueous environmental samples and the analysis affects the original ionic concentration. Studies have proven the nonionic species in a water sample have more of an effect on the veracity of an analysis than the ''container wall'' effect, and that adjustment to a pH of 2 at sample collection time is a ''Pyrrhic victory.'' Lead, for example, will commonly increase an order of magnitude when unfiltered samples are adjusted to a pH of 2 upon collection. This effect is greatest when elemental ions are present in the ng ml/sup -1/ range and lessens as the original ionic concentration increases. Data are presented that behooves filtration of stream water and rainwater samples prior to any acidification step. The need to acidify the resulting filtrate is also discussed. Lithium, sodium, potassium, cesium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, manganese, iron, copper, silver, zinc, cadmium, aluminum, indium, and lead are examined. The insoluble phase retained on the filter can be digested with acid and also analyzed. The separate analysis of the filtrate and filter will give a true representation of the occurrence of these metals in nature. Flame and flameless atomic aborption and emission are used to perform the tracemore » analyses.« less


Adiabatic quantum-flux-parametron (AQFP) logic is an energy-efficient superconductor logic family that utilizes adiabatic switching of logic gates. At present, a pure inductance is used to model a gate-to-gate interconnection in AQFP logic circuits. However, it is necessary to consider the transmission line effects when the interconnection length becomes long to take into account the propagation delay. This study investigated the transmission line effects of a long gate-to-gate interconnection in AQFP logic circuits. We observed reflection effects in a long transmission line between AQFP gates. These effects induced errors when the interconnection length exceeded several hundred micrometers. We adopted a damping resistance to stabilize the reflection effect to realize an error-free long gate-to-gate interconnection. The circuit simulations confirmed that a damping resistance connected in parallel to the transmission line effectively stabilizes the reflection effect, enabling an interconnection length that is longer than 1 mm. We fabricated AQFP buffer chains that included a long transmission line with and without a parallel damping resistance, and measured their bit error rates. The results showed that the parallel damping resistance effectively improves the bit error rate at high frequencies.


Fecal microbiota transplantation is a treatment method based on the introduction of donated fecal material to the recipient in order to restore the damaged composition of the intestinal microbiota. This review summarizes existing data on indications for fecal microbiota transplantation, recommendations for donor selection, processing and storage of donor biomaterial.


If a local authority engineer is to meet the principles of the Royal Charter of 1828, and the Government's social inclusion agenda, he or she can only do so by direct involvement of the community affected. This paper looks first at the mistakes of the past, and moves on to discuss how the new local authority consultation schemes can address these problems. By taking the residents of the community with them, municipal engineers can not only achieve the best solutions for community schemes, but also improve the standing of the engineer in society.


The nature of the subsolidus phase relations in the system BeO-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O in the temperature range 300°-700°C was investigated at a water vapour pressure of 15,000 psi. Phases synthesised were beryl, chrysoberyl, phenacite, mullite, bertrandite, pyrophyllite, kaolinite, bromellite and quartz. The curve for the reaction Beryl + H2O⇌ Bertrandite + Pyrophyllite, demarcating the lower thermal stability limit of beryl, was traced down to 3,000 psi. The hydrous compound bertrandite gave indications of a fairly wide range of solid solution, suggesting variability of the Be: Si ratio in its composition.


The XeF(B—X) laser is a bound—bound transition laser among the rare gas halide lasers. The laser kinetics are complicated because of many lasing lines (351.1, 351.2, and 353.2 nm). Most of the previous XeF laser experiments concentrated on efficient long-pulse (1-µs) laser operation at a low excitation rate below 200 kW/cm3.1–3 However, high-excitation-rate pumping of the XeF laser over 1 MW/cm3 using a low-pressure mixture is required from the viewpoint of scaling the laser system.


During a national survey of Hunter's syndrome, 52 boys with the severe form were ascertained. The averageages of onset and death were 2. 47 and 11.77 years respectively. Most patients had a large head and short stature. Persistent diarrhoea was noted in 65 per cent of the patients. 76 per cent had an umbilical hernia. Right and left inguinal herniae were noted in 51 and 32 per cent respectively. Evidence of cardiovascular disease was found in 65 per cent of cases; and serious lower respiratory‐tract disease ocurred in 84 per cent. Induction of anaesthesia proved difficult or impossible in five boys. The disease pattern was dominated by the effects of neurological involvement, with initial developmental delay and behavioural disturbance, followed by regression, with convulsions and pyramidal tract signs. Death was due primarily to this neurodegenerative cachexia, with superimposed respiratory disease.


The 3D curved surface shapes of tight and flared skirts were predicted precisely by the angle curvatures (concentrated Gaussian curvature Kc, concentrated geodesic curvature kc, and concentrated mean curvature Hc), model sizes, skirt designs, and fabrics. All of the 72 skirts, encompassing 3 female body models (mean body sizes of Japanese women in their 20s, 40s, and 70s), 6 kinds of fabrics, tight skirts, and 3 kinds of flared skirts, were investigated with attention to the differences of the curved surface shapes in detail. It has been found that it is possible to predict the number of nodes on hemlines for these 72 skirts with the three totalized feature factors, |Σ±Kc|+|Σ±kc|, |Σ±Hc|, and weight (g/ cm) × hemline length (cm), underlying the physical properties of fabric and model sizes, based on slightly high or high correlation coefficients (r = 0.73 to r = 0.93). Therefore, the number of nodes on hemlines of these 72 skirts can be calculated by these three totalized feature factors using a multiple regression analyzing technique, (multiple regression coefficient R = 0.96), based on higher prediction accuracy.


The present work has as objective to identify and to characterize the responsible mechanisms for the degradation of magnesia-carbon refractory bricks of a metallurgical ladle, due to the attack of the SiO2-CaO-Al2O3-MgO slag. For that, MgO-C refractory bricks used in the slag line were compared with bricks after the use (post mortem). The microstructure of the interfacial region refractory brick/slag was evaluated by mineralogical analyzes (X-rays diffraction), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and thin sections for petrography analyses (optic microscopy). It was possible to evidence that the brick post mortem presents, beyond the existing phases already in natura, new phases such as alumina, calcium silicate and gelenite, due to its reaction with the slag. The results suggest that the main way of degradation of the brick was the infiltration of the slag in the matrix and grains boundaries of the refractory brick. This causes to the pulling out of grains, compromising the original microstructure of the refractory material, diminishing its time of useful life.


Introduction Shahid Amin and Marcel van der Linden 1. Colonialism, capitalism and the discourse of freedom Gyan Prakash 2. The barriers to proletarianization: Bolivian mine labor, 1826-1918 Erick D. Langer 3. Labour, ecology and history in a Puerto Rican plantation region: 'classic' rural proletarianizations revisited Juan A. Giusti-Cordero 4. Coal and colonialism: production relations in an Indian coalfield, c.1895-1947 Dilip Simeon 5. 'Capital spectacles in British frames': capital, empire and Indian indentured migration to the British Caribbean Madhavi Kale 6. Unsettling the household: Act VI (of 1901) and the regulation of women migrants in colonial Bengal Samita Sen 7. Sordid class, dangerous class? Observations on Parisian ragpickers and their Cites during the nineteenth century Alain Faure Notes on contributors.


Introduction 1. Joseph, his ministers, the court and the constitution 2. The first six months: Josephism intensified (29 November 1780 to 22 May 1781) 3. Foreign policy and the Russian alliance, 1780-2 4. Joseph's visit to Belgium, the Dutch Republic and France, May-August 1781 5. Toleration of Protestants, Greek Orthodox and Jews 6. The Pope's visit to Vienna (22 March-22 April 1782) 7. Joseph and the peasants, 1780-1785/6 8. Josephism rampant I: monasteries, general seminaries and parishes 9. Josephism rampant II: lay education and a new Catholicism 10. 'The Lion's Claws Bared', 1782-4 11. Foreign policy, 1782-6: The Scheldt, the 'Greek Project' and the Crimea, the Dutch 'War' and the Bavarian Exchange 12. Joseph as Emperor 13. Joseph in Vienna: his routine and his impact, especially on music 14. 'Just One Body, Uniformly Governed': Hungary, the Tyrol, Italy and Belgium, 1784-7 15. Joseph's Enlightenment: freemasonry, law reform and police 16. War against the Turks, August 1787-December 1788 17. Rebellion, victory and death, January 1789-February 1790 Conclusion.


Vote bank of almost all the political parties in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) is fluctuating in every general election. It is believed that a significant ratio of floating voters exists in KP. These voters play a significant role as key deciders in every general election. But the basic question is "who are the floating voters and how do they influence the outcomes of the general elections in KP? This study is an attempt to test the floating voters' hypothesis in KP. For testing this hypothesis, a four variable scale that includes, decision to vote; political awareness; satisfaction from the performance of the political party and interest in political and/or party affairs is used. Data collection is done through a closed-ended survey questionnaire and a multi-stage sampling technique is used for this purpose. Data is collected from three geographical regions of KP i.e., North, Centre, and South. The study population is total voters of KP, and a representative sample of 1200 respondents is determined through a statistical formula. Chi-Square test is used for the correlations of independent and dependent variables. The analysis of data confirmed the "floating voters' hypothesis" and identified a significant ratio of floating voters in the KP.


This paper considers the problem of assigning safe shelters for temporary evacuation from an earthquake or a big fire. By studying the state-of-the-art theoretical research and the real situation in Japan, a system based on the latest service computing and optimization is proposed. It integrates a former approach for static assignment to residents (Zhao et al., Optimal Assignment of Wide-Area Evacuation Centers for Kyoto City (Abstract), March 2017) and an ongoing project for dynamic assignment to evacuees including visitors. In both situations, a service (Google's Distance Matrix is used but others are possible as well) is employed to reduce the heavy cost for distance calculation and maintenance. For the dynamic assignment, a novel algorithm is proposed to optimize the number of requests to the service using preprocessing. Comparison against existing approaches shows that the proposed system is more practical for a rapid and effective response in case of a disaster.


: In vocational education and management, counselors play a crucial role. Besides engaging in ideological and political education for students, they are also responsible for managing students' lives and studies, ensuring their holistic development and helping them form correct values. In the new situation, vocational college counselors need to adhere to the management philosophy of cultivating students' moral character and prioritizing their needs, using various management methods to carry out student management work. This article analyzes the characteristics of students in vocational colleges under the new situation and the significance of conducting student management work. It also discusses the problems existing in vocational college management and proposes some solutions.


This paper describes a series of tests in which tubes have been rolled into tube nests under carefully controlled conditions using the test rig previously developed for a general investigation of the tube expanding process. The tube spacing used corresponds closely to the minimum reported in industry.It is shown that considerable interference of the plastic zones associated with the joints can occur in the ligaments between the tube holes and the strains developed in the plate are larger than for a single-tube expanding. Nevertheless, the expanding of subsequent tubes tended to relax the strain around previously rolled joints and these joints had a low strength.The strengths of all the joints in a nest were lower than that of a tube rolled, to the same degree of expanding, into a single-hole plate owing to the interaction of the plastic zones or to the greater flexibility of the tube nest plate. There appears to be an optimum degree of expanding in a tube nest which corresponds closely to that obtained fo...


The impact that structure deformation and internal forces of large-span prestressed concrete continuous beam by creep cannot be ignored.Based on the creep prediction model of concrete,the variation of C50 concrete creep coefficient was analyzed,and the prediction model suitable for bridge monitoring was derived.Verification on a simply supported beam,the calculated results are in good agreement with those of the actual project.On this basis,construction monitoring of the Beijing—Shanghai high—speed railway crossing Qinhuai river bridge was made.According to the bridge construction monitoring program,the elevation of each construction phase was measured and controlled.The elevation monitoring practice shows that the creep has a significant impact on the bridge structure.The GL2000 model,the ACL-209 model and 2004 specification have high precision,which can satisfy the construction linear and meet the design of linear requirements.


The invention discloses a door body assembly for a refrigerator and the refrigerator with the door body assembly. The door body assembly comprises a door shell and an end cover; the door shell is provided with a groove; and the end cover is provided with a boss, and the boss is matched with the groove to fix the end cover to the door shell. According to the door body assembly, the door shell on the door body assembly is firmly matched with the end cover, and the manual cost for assembling the door body assembly and the material cost of the door body assembly are reduced.


Standards such as the American IEEE 1609, European ETSI ITS-G5, and Japanese ARIB STD-T109 aim to establish Cooperative Intelligent Transportation Systems (C-ITS) by enabling Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs). In VANETs, vehicles communicate with other vehicles and roadside infrastructure to support latency-critical applications which increase driver awareness of the surroundings. This should result in improved safety and possibly optimizing traffic. However, to secure VANET communications against message manipulation or replaying, security standards such as IEEE 1609.2 and ETSI TS 103 097 are proposed. In this work, we implement the cryptographic primitives recommended in the IEEE 1609.2 standard to authenticate low latency safety critical messages. We evaluate the effect of the implementation using metrics such as CPU clock cycles per operation, average computation time in milliseconds, and message size in bits. We perform a simulation presenting a high-density highway scenario for the above mentioned C-ITS standards. For each standard, we evaluate the number of safety messages that can be successfully received within 100 ms latency. We show how and to what extent the authentication overhead of latency-critical messages may impact on driver safety. Under an assumed traffic scenario, we show that a crash is possible, as a result of the evaluated authentication delay. We show that the recommended algorithms with specific parameters can be a potential solution for low latency safety-critical applications in a large scale scenario.


We studied salt-induced changes in the viscosity of dilute solutions of a flexible polyelectrolyte, sodium poly(styrenesulfonate) (PSS), using particle tracking microrheology. It was found that PSS responds distinctively different to the presence of various trivalent cations. In addition to the well-known polyelectrolyte precipitation and redissolution, we also observed more subtle changes in solution viscosity, which can be attributed to chain collapse and reexpansion. In particular, the addition of indium chloride (InCl3) to PSS solutions leads to polyelectrolyte chain collapse at low salt concentrations, followed by chain reexpansion upon further increasing the salt concentration, as evidenced by an increase in relative viscosity of the polyelectrolyte solution; at even higher salt concentrations, the relative viscosity decreases and chains exhibit a secondary collapse The salt concentration at which the onset of reexpansion is observed is a function of the polyelectrolyte molecular weight and concentr...


This report is a review of the work I have done during the first six months of my PhD, and a research proposal for the remainder.


Live Birth Abortion Revision Act - Amends the Internal Revenue Code to deny a taxpayer's personal exemption deduction for a child who is born alive after an induced abortion or an attempt to perform an abortion and dies as a result of such procedure. Denies the deduction for abortion expenses unless the abortion was performed to save the life of the mother. Denies the personal exemption deduction for the spouse or a dependent of the taxpayer if the taxpayer intentionally causes the death of such spouse or dependent. Requires a court determination of an intentional cause of death.


In view of the multi-focus image fusion effect evaluation problem,the effect evaluation method based on fuzzy algorithm is proposed.This method uses the fusion image entropy value,the interactive information magnitude,the average gradient value,and the deviation amount to form a set of single-factor evaluation measure.Then,we introduce human knowledge based on experts' judgment method into defining membership functions.We obtained a synthetic evaluation factor by synthesizing single factors with contrast-queue-method.This method is easily be counted.Its appraisal result is more comprehensive and objective.This method was applied in the multi-focus image fusion experiment,so the appraisal result is consistent with the theoretical analysis and human's visual effect,and proves the validity of the assessment method.


The publication of the Dictionary, coordinated and in large part compiled by Michele Rosi, characterized by a Catholic and anti-jacobin conception of a popular Risorgimento that was still in the making, began in 1914, bur was completed after the first world war, in the years of fascism. By then, a new historiography of united Italy - of Salvemini, Croce and Volpe - seemed to render obsolete the criteria and reasons underlying the Dictionary.


Abstract We present an application of wavelet theory in partial differential equations. We study the wavelet fundamental solutions to the heat equation. The heat evolution of an initial wavelet state is called a heatlet. Like wavelets for the L2 space, heatlets are "atomic" heat evolutions in the sense that any general heat evolution can be "assembled" from a heatlet according to some simple rules. We study the basic properties and algorithms of heatlets and related functions.


The present work undertakes a systematic review of the literature and research on the subject, using the PRISMA- P guidelines. The research was carried out in five electronic databases. It was found that there are few publications on inclusive tourism aimed at families with children with diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders (n=11). Most of them are qualitative studies. They focus on the needs of families, from which they draw implications in terms of necessary practical responses. Except for a study on the airport context, there are no studies that seek to empirically validate responses or tourist products. The need for empirical validation of tourist offers that are truly inclusive and beneficial to the psychological well-being of families and children is discussed. Some important guidelines/evidence that must be met in inclusive tourism aimed at this population are highlighted.


This survey,by questionnaire,makes inquiries into the general status of students' learning from the following aspects: students' cognitive tendency,thinking styles,degree of learning happiness,and learning achievements.Based on the findings,this essay suggests that to realize the teaching goals teachers must select teaching methods flexibly according to students' learning states and changes,and further adjust teaching ideas and strategies to make teaching activities directed and efficient.


In this paper, we consider Path-Based incremental target level algorithm for a type of nondifferentiable optimization in a Hilbert space. We prove that the problem has solutions when the constraint set is bounded, and the sequence generated in this way is weakly convergence.


The present study reports on the information seeking processes in a visual context, referred to throughout as visual information seeking. This study synthesizes research throughout different, yet complementary, areas, each capable of contributing findings and understanding to visual information seeking. Methods previously applied for examining the visual information seeking process are reviewed, including interactive experiments, surveys, and various qualitative approaches. The methods and resulting findings are presented and structured according to generalized phases of existing information seeking models, which include the needs, actions, and assessments of users. A review of visual information needs focuses on need and thus query formulation; user actions, as reviewed, centers on search and browse behaviors and the observed trends, concluded by a survey of users' assessments of visual information as part of the interactive process. This separate examination, specific to a visual context, is significant; visual information can influence outcomes in an interactive process and presents variations in the types of needs, tasks, considerations, and decisions of users, as compared to information seeking in other contexts.


An optimized regression design with three factors and five levels was adopted to study the effects of N,K and S fertilizers on the yield and nitrate content of radish.The optimum combination of three fertilizers is N 180~200 kg/hm~(2)+(K_(2)O) 120~150 kg/hm~(2)+S 135~160 kg/hm~(2),which can get higher yield of radish with a low content of nitrate.


In the paper a study of formation process of linear polyurethane on the basis of 4, 4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, poly(1, 4-butylene adipate) diol and 1, 4-butanediol is presented. The kinetics of the first stage of macrodiisocyanate formation reaction was studied by IR spectroscopy. Experimental and calculated values of the rate constant of the first reaction stage were obtained. The influence of the solvent on the polyurethane structure was defined. The conditions to fabricate polymer with a maximum crystallinity degree have been determined. Important results for the synthesis of the shape memory multiblock polyurethane thermoplastic elastomer have been obtained.


Transient 3D simulations are carried out for two types of superconductive dipole magnets. Eddy-current effects in the yoke are treated by homogenising the laminated iron composite whereas interstrand eddy-current effects are resolved by either a cable magnetization model or a cable eddy-current model. The simulations reveal the Joule losses in the magnets.


This article examines the experiences of 43 adolescents living in Denver, Colorado, from 1994 to 1996—the 2-year period following the peak of the youth violence epidemic. Where the dominant theories explaining inner-city violence tend to focus on disadvantaged communities, this study sampled youths from 5 neighborhoods with varying crime, poverty, family stability, and resident mobility rates. The findings demonstrate that, although most teens worried about the seemingly pervasive violence surrounding them, adolescents' experiences with and attempts to manage violence differed dramatically. By identifying a range of violence management strategies used by individuals living in resource-poor and resource-rich neighborhoods, this study examines the way that everyday interactions within and across a variety of contexts may theoretically increase violence rates. The implications of these findings for violence research and prevention are also discussed.


The z-term series derived from astronomical observations is related to plumb-line deflection. Its analysis over the interval 1962-1982 reveals interannual variations with amplitudes of about 0.01''. These variations appear to be significantly correlated with both the length-of-day variations and the Southern Oscillation Index characterizing El Nine events, and this with a time lag of about 12 months. This z-term series appears to be of great interest in the study of relationships between Earth rotation and geophysical process like in particular oceano-atmospheric phenomena.


Game theory, a branch of applied mathematics has been utilized by researchers in various fields including health to arrive at practical solutions to contemporary challenges. The article aims to introduce the subject to medical fraternity in India and recommends that the theory should be included in the syllabus of post graduate students of community medicine so that future generations of public health experts are aware of the theory and its potential use to find tangible solutions to public health issues.


In order to improve the properties of laser overlap welded T-joint, laser-additional current hybrid welding process is put forward. In this paper, the welding characteristics of laser-additional current hybrid welded aluminum and titanium alloy T-joint were conducted and compared. The weld width at faying surface increase, which results in tensile shear load increasing compared with those of laser welding for both aluminum and titanium alloy, but the effect of current on aluminum alloy is more obvious. The porosity defect within the laser-additional current hybrid welded joint sharply reduces compared with that within laser welding. The tensile shear load of aluminum alloy and titanium alloy hybrid welded joints respectively increase 21% and 15%. The effects of additional current on welding characteristics of aluminum alloy and titanium alloy are compared and analyzed.


Scene matching algorithms are developed to locate a smaller scene in a much larger scene within a few pixels accuracy taking into consideration the distortions due to rotations, scale variations and seasonal changes, using radar images. These images are preprocessed and segmented to extract the features of natural and man-made structures present. Correlation methods and feature based methods are experimented for scene matching and results are discussed.


This paper describes a very successful application of a microprocessor to a specific test instrumentation problem: automating the characterization of transformers. Output voltages, ripple, efficiency, and temperature rise are measured automatically over the prescribed range of input variables and conditions. The processor also monitors and stabilizes test conditions. A significant increase in test accuracy has been accomplished. This test system will also test power supply assemblies.


Some good measures adopted by the Chlor-Alkali Plant of Zigong Honghe Chemical Industry Group Co.in the condition of coexistence of ion-exchange membrane caustic soda facility and diaphragm caustic soda facility are introduced,such as removing ammonia by dilute ion-exchange membrane brine,washing away the salts in centrifuge and rationally proportioning dilute ion-exchange membrane brine to bittern.According to the problems which include that the primary brine is easy to become turbid again,the dilute ion-exchange membrane brine is not used properly,and the proportion of bittern used is low,improvement measures are proposed.


The variational autoencoder (VAE) is a powerful generative model of speech signal. In the problem of speech enhancement, the VAE is used to model the clean speech whereas the non-negative matrix factorization is used to model the noise. The Wiener filter can be applied to extract the clean speech from the mixture signal. In this paper, we extend this approach by proposing a more sophisticated VAE framework, so-called disentangled recurrent variational autoencoder (RVAE), to model the clean speech. It takes the strategy of pre-training plus fine-tuning. Firstly, the clean speech and noise are pre-trained using two dependent RVAEs. Secondly, by transferring the knowledge learned in these two RVAEs, the third RVAE is used to train the mixture signal, resulting in disentanglement of the latent variables of the clean speech and noise. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach outperforms other VAE-based approaches in terms of the signal-to-distortion ratio.


Lao She and Zhang Ailing from their own unique living environment,fully demonstrate the characteristics of the members of the public of Beiping and Shanghai in Early twentieth century.Lao She from a cultural perspective of the performance of backward Peiping lead to the public personality in the cultural conservative,backward,weak,and thus achieve cultural criticism;Zhang Ailing from the perspective of profound humanity to show alienation and distortion of human nature under the impact of modern commodity economy,reveals the qualities of human nature.


Many regression models for categorical data have been introduced in various applied fields, motivated by different paradigms. But these models are difficult to compare because their specifications are not homogeneous. The first contribution of this paper is to unify the specification of regression models for categorical response variables, whether nominal or ordinal. This unification is based on a decomposition of the link function into an inverse continuous cdf and a ratio of probabilities. This allows us to define the new family of reference models for nominal data, comparable to the adjacent, cumulative and sequential families of models for ordinal data. We introduce the notion of reversible models for ordinal data that enables to distinguish adjacent and cumulative models from sequential ones. Invariances under permutations of categories are then studied for each family. The combination of the proposed specification with the definition of reference and reversible models and the various invariance properties leads to an in-depth renewal of our view of regression models for categorical data. Finally, a family of new supervised classifiers is tested on three benchmark datasets and a biological dataset is investigated with the objective of recovering the order among categories with only partial ordering information.


In (C11H12N4)2ZnCl2, the zinc(II) center is coordinated by the pyridine nitrogen atoms of two 4-[N,N-bis(2-cyanoethyl)amino]pyridine ligands and two chlorine atoms in a tetrahedral geometry. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


In a 2-decade prospective population-based study from Sweden, Dr. Glans and colleagues investigated the association between adherence to conventional dietary recommendations or to a modified Mediterranean diet and subsequent risk of developing all-cause dementia, Alzheimer disease (AD), vascular dementia (VaD), or accumulation of AD-related β-amyloid pathology in the CSF, among 28,025 participants. They concluded that these dietary habits were not significantly associated with a reduced risk for developing all-cause dementia, AD dementia, VaD, or AD pathology. In response, Dr. Kawada cites a previous study that found significant interactions between dietary patterns and APOE-ε4 status in relation to incident dementia, with a healthy dietary pattern being associated with lower dementia incidence in ε4 noncarriers and a Western dietary pattern associated with higher dementia incidence in ε4 carriers. Dr. Kawada argues that studies examining the long-term effect of dietary patterns on incident dementia should consider the contribution of genetic factors. In another response, Dr. Hoffman notes that the researchers' use of a modified Mediterranean diet score does not explicitly measure for extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), which may be an important component for maintaining cognitive health, citing epidemiologic and animal studies in this regard. He contends that it is important to consider the role of EVOO as part of a Mediterranean diet for cognitive health to better inform the implementation of this diet in non-Mediterranean countries. Responding to these comments, the authors note that they did not find any significant interaction effects between conventional dietary recommendations or a modified Mediterranean diet and APOE-ε4 status with respect to subsequent dementia but do not comment about the role of extra virgin olive oil. Overall, this exchange highlights enduring uncertainties about the role of specific dietary factors in mitigating the long-term risk of dementia.


A case study is presented in which a sediment engineering investigation was conducted to determine the potential effects of a change in flow regulation on the channel downstream of a lake, and to develop measures to mitigate against these potential impacts. These alternatives included traditional bank protection measures, such as rock revetment, as well as non-traditional measures, such as a stream management plan.


The common abstraction of XML Schema by unranked regular tree languages is not entirely accurate. To shed some light on the actual expressive power of XML Schema, intuitive semantical characterizations of the Element Declarations Consistent (EDC) rule are provided. In particular, it is obtained that schemas satisfying EDC can only reason about regular properties of ancestors of nodes. Hence, with respect to expressive power, XML Schema is closer to DTDs than to tree automata. These theoretical results are complemented with an investigation of the XML Schema Definitions (XSDs) occurring in practice, revealing that the extra expressiveness of XSDs over DTDs is only used to a very limited extent. As this might be due to the complexity of the XML Schema specification and the difficulty of understanding the effect of constraints on typing and validation of schemas, a simpler formalism equivalent to XSDs is proposed. It is based on contextual patterns rather than on recursive types and it might serve as a light-weight front end for XML Schema. Next, the effect of EDC on the way XML documents can be typed is discussed. It is argued that a cleaner, more robust, larger but equally feasible class is obtained by replacing EDC with the notion of 1-pass preorder typing (1PPT): schemas that allow one to determine the type of an element of a streaming document when its opening tag is met. This notion can be defined in terms of grammars with restrained competition regular expressions and there is again an equivalent syntactical formalism based on contextual patterns. Finally, algorithms for recognition, simplification, and inclusion of schemas for the various classes are given.


Even though pulping is mentioned in the conservation literature as far back as the mid-1950s, it was Keiko Ke y e s ' s articles "A Manual Method of Paper Pulp Application in the Conservation of Works of Art on Paper" in the Paper C o n s e r v a t o r and "A Practical Application of Paper Pulp in the Conservation of Works of Art on Pa p e r" in the A I C Pr e p r i n t s from 1976, and her presentation at the AIC meeting in Dearborn, Michigan, in May 1976 that defined the use of pulp for filling losses in paper in a workable manner. I believe the entire field of paper conservation embraced the technique as a timesaving way to fill losses in paper supports from that time. There have been several modifications of the initial pulping technique as presented by Keiko Keyes. The transfer of paper pulp using a large pipette instead of the spoon or flask refined the filling of the large losses. The use of the mushroom cleaning brush, the complexion brush, or the boar bristle oil painting brush to flatten, spread, and disperse the pulp by a number of colleagues is notable. I found the use of already aged paper enhanced the quality of my pulp, as did other conservators. The use of other supports rather than the wet-strength paper was helpful. I use several non-woven synthetic supports and imprinting


Abstract To the cyclotomic number fieldKgenerated by the roots of unity of orderfwe attach a Galois module which is a hybrid of the Stickelberger ideal and the group of circular units; this Galois module also admits interpretation as the universal punctured distribution of conductorf. We embed our Galois module in another naturally occurring Galois module, and prove that the index is exactly the class number ofK. By avoiding even-odd splittings and the analytic class number formula, we are able to avoid the consideration of {±1}-cohomology groups as well. Cohomological considerations become necessary only when making comparisons to the classical index formulas of Kummer, Hasse, Iwasawa, and Sinnott.


The Zittau library of Christian Weise has an extensive collection of manuscripts, among which we find a number of early modern-era chronicles relating particularly to the six towns of the Lusatian League. One of these is the Zittau Chronicle by Tobias Schnurer from the 16th century, preserved in a later transcription, in which he chronologically recorded the most important events of his era, including the names of members of the Town Council. Memorial and chronicle records are also included in a collection of manuscripts by Abraham Frenzel (1656-1740). This includes a preserved transcription of an early modern-era chronicle of Sorau (Żary), which details the problems of life in the town and the local authority at the time. Another of Frenzel's preserved manuscripts describes the journey through Europe made by Michael Frank at the end of the sixteenth century, including his visit to Bohemia.


The thermal two-photon level broadening of the excited energy levels in the hydrogen and H-like helium is evaluated via the imaginary part of thermal two-loop self-energy correction for bound electron. All the derivations are presented in the framework of rigorous quantum electrodynamic theory at finite temperatures and are applicable for the H-like ions. On this basis, we found a contribution to the level broadening induced by the blackbody radiation which is fundamentally different from the usual line broadening caused by the stimulated two-photon decay and the Raman scattering of thermal photons. Numerical calculations of the two-loop thermal correction to the two-photon width for the $2s$ state in hydrogen and singly ionized helium atoms show that the effect could significantly exceed the higher-order relativistic and radiative QED corrections commonly included in the calculations. In addition, the thermal two-loop self-energy correction significantly exceeds the "ordinary" stimulated one-photon depopulation rate at the relevant laboratory temperatures. In this work, detailed analysis and the corresponding comparison of the effect with the existing laboratory measurements in H-like ions are carried out.


The aim of this study was to determine aspects of the clinical usefulness of the MerrillPalmer-Revised Scales of Development (M-P-R) in children diagnosed with Autistic Disorder (AD). The revised developmental measure reports strong levels of reliability and validity in a standardization sample. While some clinical subsamples were included to help establish the test's validity, the group of children with an Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) was limited to a sample size of 14. The present study recruited 50 children with Autistic Disorder (41 male, 9 female) ranging in age from 40 months to 78-months, along with a matched non-clinical sample that was obtained from the M-P-R standardization data. Each group's performance was obtained from the Cognitive Battery, Gross Motor Battery, and supplemental language and parent rating forms. Observations were also made to the special groups outlined in the M-P-R Manual. The results suggested that the M-P-R is a tool sensitive in identifying developmental delay, but not specific in differentiating among children diagnosed with AD and other common early childhood Determining the Clinical Utility of M-P-R Scales iv disorders. In part, the large variability in test performance across the AD sample contributed to this diagnostic weakness. Determining the Clinical Utility of M-P-R Scales v


The origin of new genes is among the most fundamental processes underlying genetic innovation. The substrate of new genetic material available defines the outcomes of evolutionary processes in nature. Historically, the field of genetic novelty has commonly invoked new mutations at the DNA level to explain the ways that new genes might originate. In this work, we explore a fundamentally different source of epistatic interactions that can create new gene sequences in hybrids. We observe "bursts" of new gene creation in F1 hybrids of D. yakuba and D. santomea, a species complex known to hybridize in nature. The number of new genes is higher in the gonads than soma. We observe asymmetry in new gene creation based on the direction of the cross. Greater numbers of new transcripts form in the testes of F1 male offspring in D. santomea ♀× D. yakuba ♂ crosses and greater numbers of new transcripts appear in ovaries of F1 female offspring of D. yakuba ♀× D. santomea ♂. These loci represent wholly new transcripts expressed in hybrids, but not in either parental reference strain of the cross. We further observe allelic activation, where transcripts silenced in one lineage are activated by the transcriptional machinery of the other genome. These results point to a fundamentally new model of new gene creation that does not rely on the formation of new mutations in the DNA. These results suggest that bursts of genetic novelty can appear in response to hybridization or introgression in a single generation. Ultimately these processes are expected to contribute to the substrate of genetic novelty available in nature, with broad impacts on our understanding new gene formation and on hybrid phenotypes in nature.


It is well known that atmospheric turbulence severely degrades the performance of ground based imaging systems. Techniques to overcome the effects of the atmosphere have been developing at a rapid pace over the last 10 years. These techniques can be grouped into two broad categories: pre-detection and post detection techniques. A recent newcomer to the post detection scene is 'deconvolution from wave front sensing' (DWFS). DWFS is a post-detection image reconstruction technique that makes use of one feature of pre- detection techniques. A WFS is used to record the wave front phase distortion in the pupil of the telescope for each short exposure image. The additional information provided by the WFS is used to estimate of the system's point spread function (PSF). The PSF is then used in conjunction with the ensemble of short exposure images to obtain and estimate of the object intensity distribution via deconvolution. With the addition of DWFS into the suite of possible post detection image reconstruction techniques it is natural to ask 'How does DWFS compare to both traditional linear and speckle image reconstruction techniques?' In the results presented here we make a direct comparison based on a frequency domain signal-to-noise ration performance metric. This metric is applied to each technique's image reconstruction estimator. We find that such as Wiener filtering. On the other hand, DWFS does not always out perform speckle imaging techniques and in cases that it does the improvement is small.


The frequency stability of a three-dimensional (3D) vacuum encapsulated very high frequency (VHF) disk resonator is systematically investigated. For eliminating the parasitic effect caused by the parasitic capacitance of the printed circuit board (PCB), a negating capacitive compensation method was developed. The testing results implemented at 25 °C for 240 h for the long-term stability indicates that the resonant frequency variation remained within ±1 ppm and the noise floor derived from Allan Deviation was 26 ppb, which is competitive with the conventional quartz resonators. The resonant frequency fluctuation of 1.5 ppm was obtained during 200 temperature cycling between −40 and 85 °C.


This report presents information to characterize uranium fuel cycle facilities (excluding reactors), levels of contamination at those facilities, and volumes and activity of wastes associated with their decontamination and decommissioning (DandD). It is one of a series of reports providing information to assist the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in setting standards and guidelines for permissible residual levels of radioactivity from DandD. The categories of facilities covered by this report are: Uranium mines, Uranium mills, Uranium hexafluoride conversion plants, Fuel fabrication plants, including both low and high enriched uranium and mixed oxide facilities. Both active and inactive facilities are identified. The highest volumes of DandD waste (hundreds of millions of cubic meters) are associated with uranium mines, while the highest amounts of radioactivity are a result of DandD at fuel reprocessing plants.


The title oxidovanadium(V) complex, [V(C15H11N3O5)(CH3O)O], was obtained by the reaction of 2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde, 4-nitrobenzohydrazide and vanadyl sulfate in methanol. The VV atom is five-coordinated by the two O and one N donor atoms of the Schiff base ligand, one methanolate O atom and one oxido O atom, forming a distorted square-pyramidal geometry.


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The author discusses Hart's concept of legal obligation, especially his contention that there is an obligation to obey the law which is peculiarly legal, i.e., non-moral. This view is held to be mistaken. What is denied is that legal rules, merely by their being issued, offer a justification for the use of coercion to ensure compliance with them. Although moral and other social (customary) rules are considered self-justifying, that is not the case of legal rules. Any analogy between these two types of rules in justifying their implementation by force is deemed wrong.**


Medical image applications on the internet require the transmission of large-sized images which must be loss less or near-lossless. The proposed multi-resolution lossless transmission scheme is based on the JPEG-LS predictor technique to maintain a thumbnail lossless image on the web page which could be used to extrapolate the full-size loss less image for retrieval purposes. The thumbnail is created by replacing predicted pixel values with those from the original scaled-down image to increase the accuracy of prediction and to maintain lossless image. The prediction and error-value mapping are integrated into the layers for progressive transmissions of the full-size image. Experimental results show that the proposed multi-resolution scheme increases the accuracy of predictions and compression rates. Furthermore, the JPEG-LS image has a newly created function in progressive transmission.


Constitutional labour rights in Canada now protect workers' freedom to organize and bargain collectively and to strike. These associational freedoms are especially important for public sector workers, the most frequent targets of legislation limiting their freedoms. However, the Supreme Court of Canada judgments recognizing these rights and freedoms have also introduced important ambiguities about their foundation, scope and level of protection. This brief comment locates these ambiguities in the context of Canada's political economy and industrial relations regime, which are beset by contradiction and conflict. It then explores the origins and development of the jurisprudential ambiguities in constitutional labour rights through a survey of recent Supreme Court of Canada's labour rights judgments, including most recently British Columbia Teachers' Federation and British Columbia (2016).


OBJECTIVE
To determine duration of infection and association of infection with diarrhea for dairy calves with naturally acquired cryptosporidiosis and giardiosis.

DESIGN
Cohort study.

ANIMALS
20 Holstein calves on a single dairy farm.

PROCEDURE
Fecal samples were collected 3 times/wk for the first 45 days after birth, then weekly until calves were 120 days old and examined for Giardia duodenalis cysts and Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts. Calves were monitored for diarrhea during the first 45 days after birth; during each episode of diarrhea, fecal samples were examined for parasitic, bacterial, and viral pathogens.

RESULTS
All 20 calves shed Giardia cysts and Cryptosporidium oocysts at some time during the study. Mean ages at which Giardia cysts and Cryptosporidium oocysts were first detected were 31.5 and 16.3 days, respectively. Mean number of Giardia cysts in feces remained high throughout the study, whereas Cryptosporidium occysts decreased to low or undetectable numbers 2 weeks after infection. Eighteen calves had a total of 38 episodes of diarrhea during the first 45 days after birth. Giardia duodenalis was the only pathogen identified during 6 (16%) episodes, C parvum was the only pathogen identified during 9 (24%) episodes, and G duodenalis and C parvum were identified together during 10 (26%) episodes.

CONCLUSIONS
Prevalences of giardiosis and cryptosporidiosis were high in these calves, and both parasites were associated with development of diarrhea. Cryptosporidium parvum was an important pathogen when calves were < 1 month old, but G duodenalis was more important when calves were older. Calves cleared C parvum infections within 2 weeks; however, G duodenalis infections became chronic in these calves.


Introduction: This cross-sectional survey was conducted to estimate the proportion of participants among health care workers and general population who are willing to get vaccinated against COVID-19 and those who are not, and to identify the reasons for vaccine hesitancy among the participants. Methods: Health care workers of a tertiary care hospital and the general population residing in the nearby areas of the tertiary care hospital were predominantly included in the study. A specific questionnaire was designed, validated, and administered to the participants after obtaining consent. Result: The responses were collected using Google Form and compiled in an excel sheet for analysis. The difference in opinion with regard to acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine was statistically analysed using Chi-square test. The vaccine acceptance rate was high among the general population (70.2%) as compared to health care workers (56.7%) (p = 0.0006, highly significant). The remaining proportions of participants (43.3% of health care workers and 29.8% of general population) were hesitant to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. Conclusion: The reasons for vaccine hesitancy were fear of harmful effects, doubtful efficacy, lack of transparency in clinical trials, and fast track vaccine development.


Abstrcat International anti-terrorist activity is a kind of justice behavior, its final purpose is to protect international human rights. In the course of international activity, because of certain behavior of ignoring others rights, human rights, such as life, property, freedom, personal secrets, dignity, development may be damaged. So international anti-terrorism should face international human rights, and in each link and all respects, it should guarantee international human rights effective protection.


Increasing the forecasting accuracy of photovoltaic (PV)-generated power is currently an important topic, particularly in the maintenance of the stability and reliability of modern electric grid systems. In this study, a model based on a particle swarm optimization (PSO)-optimized support vector regression (SVR) is proposed for the accurate forecasting of PV output power. In the process, an SVR-based model is established based on the most influential historical experimental data collected from an actual PV power station. A PSO-based algorithm is adapted for the selection of dominant SVR-based model parameters and improvement of performance. Moreover, a novel data preparation algorithm is developed for the preparation of a solar irradiance pattern on the basis of weather conditions and the percentages of cloud cover collected from online weather forecast reports. Finally, the proposed model is experimentally verified by deploying it to three different PV systems (1875Wp, 2000Wp and 2700Wp). Analytical and experimental results indicate that the proposed forecasting model ensures improved accuracy. The nRMSE of the proposed forecasting model is 2.841%. The proposed model will be effective in forecasting PV output power in existing PV systems. A guideline for the accurately forecasting of PV output power in practical applications is presented.


This paper highlights that, building standards sometime impacts negatively on the development of sustainable low cost housing in Zimbabwe. Building standards are administered by the Ministry of Local Government, Public Works and National Housing through local authorities in Zimbabwe, formulated to help acquire, maintain and regulate a certain set of laid down principles and/ or procedures. The building industry has urban planning and building standards in use in order to achieve the above. These standards have been assessed in this paper with the aim of demonstrating the negative impacts and influences they have on the sustainable development of low cost housing.


Two feeding experiments were conducted to re-evaluate the total sulphur amino acid (TSAA; methionine and cystine) requirement and determine the replacement value of cystine for methionine of juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Semi-purified diets used in both experiments contained 3510 kcal gross energy and 280 g of protein per kilogram diet from casein, gelatin and crystalline amino acids. The basal diet of the first experiment contained 3.1 g methionine and 0.4 g cystine per kilogram. l-methionine was added to the seven remaining diets at 1.0 g kg⁻¹ increment to produce methionine levels ranging from 3.1 to 10.1 g kg⁻¹ diet. Each diet was fed to four replicate groups of juvenile Nile tilapia (1.28 g mean weight) in a recirculation system for 8 weeks. Broken-line regression analysis of weight gain data indicated that the TSAA requirement of juvenile Nile tilapia was 8.5 g kg⁻¹ of the diet or 30.4 g kg⁻¹ of dietary protein. In the second experiment, TSAA level was set at 95% of the requirement value determined in the first experiment. Seven diets were made with different ratios of l-methionine and l-cystine (20 : 80, 30 : 70, 40 : 60, 50 : 50, 60 : 40, 70 : 30 and 80 : 20, based on an equimolar sulphur basis). Each diet was also fed to four replicate groups of juvenile Nile tilapia (4.14 g mean weight) in a recirculation system for 8 weeks. Regression analysis of weight gain data using broken-line model indicated that cystine (on a molar sulphur basis) could replace up to 49% of methionine requirement in semi-purified diets for juvenile Nile tilapia.


Nowadays we can see the growth of users who use the Internet to conduct their search for information because the Web is a major means of obtaining information and current scientific development in general. As a result, the more information is available on the Web, the more likely that the user needs the services provided by the library, for instance, the digital reference service to their search and information retrieval. Considering that many users interact with the system in natural language, it becomes a research problem that needs to be discussed, from a model of digital reference service using natural and controlled language as tools to support the agent's computational process of reference. Besides, it demonstrates how semiotic engineering could contribute to the development of interfaces because interfaces without structures, development techniques and analysis can cause problems of interaction and use. Based on the referral process, this thesis has the purpose of providing a service that can be accessible to users, inviting their participation and collaboration. It was necessary to consider issues such as flexibility and adaptability to new media and the new user profile, education in the access to online resources, cooperation, speed and efficiency. The goal was to add Web 2.0 services with the services offered by the reference service in an attempt to leverage the most from this new environment, as well as to reflect and discuss the referral process by Denis Grogan in a recovery environment based on a digital environment. It is also crucial to mention in addiction the need for addressing assessment techniques to semiotic engineering evaluation and validation of interactive interfaces. The methodological approach of this research is exploratory analysis and descriptive literature, which are available on the subject and the development of a visual model of SRDigital, which emphasizes the 4th stage of the referral process; The referral process is the issue that is the major focus of research, where the agent computer uses the technique processing of natural language and controlled language to formulate the question negotiated, so that he can follow the remaining steps of the process, leading up to the user information that meets their informational needs. In addiction, we present a model of how we can apply the techniques for assessing semiotic engineering, such as semiotic inspection method and communicability evaluation method to validate and evaluate the interface by proposing a more friendly user interface with easy interaction. As a conclusion, we can infer that the development of the proposed model, based on the process of reference of Grogan (2001) adapts to the digital environment with efficiency and it stimulates interactive services in the presence of computational agents performing the steps of the process using the technique processing of natural language and controlled language as support to the construction of the negotiated question.


Today, most healthcare systems are built for the convenience of healthcare providers. Since the 1990s there has been a growing interest on involving the patient more in his or her own treatment, and in that way improve the quality of care. One of the means of doing that is to develop software that puts the patient in the centre while allowing the providers to carry on with their normal work habits. The electronic personal health record is one possible solution to this challenge. In this paper we present an implementation of the personal health record and describe how we adapted it to Norwegian standards.


The present invention discloses a can efficiently record information recording apparatus and an information recording method of the state around the user. Change sensor (4) by the biological information sensor (2) measured three types of biological information, ie, heartbeat count, GSR (galvanic skin response) and skin temperature, as observed values are mapped to a three-dimensional feature space, and the three-dimensional feature space created category. Change sensors (4) to observe the new category belongs measured value is compared with the last measured value category belongs, the category is not the same as, to each detected change of the user. When the change in the sensor (4) detects a change, the controller (12) to start the camera (5) of the camera (6) and a microphone (7) to record images and sounds around the user.


The purpose of this exploratory study was to explore the multiple contexts of vulnerability, drug use and parenting for women in substance abuse treatment. Nineteen purposively sampled women provided qualitative data through semi-structured interviews. Findings revealed that adverse childhood experiences and intimate partners were important pathways into drug use initiation. Identities as mothers emerged as a key finding, intimately linked to women's motivation to seek and complete treatment. Understanding the challenges to recovery among mothers in treatment is an important priority for social workers. This study highlights the complexity of women's experiences and suggests implications for future practice and research.


In this article, we propose a new statistic to control the covariance matrix of bivariate processes. This new statistic is based on the sample variances of the two quality characteristics, in short VMAX statistic. The points plotted on the chart correspond to the maximum of the values of these two variances. The reasons to consider the VMAX statistic instead of the generalized variance |S| are its faster detection of process changes and its better diagnostic feature, that is, with the VMAX statistic it is easier to identify the out‐of‐control variable. We study the synthetic chart based on the VMAX statistic. The proposed chart is always more efficient than the chart based on the generalized variance |S|. An example is presented to illustrate the application of the proposed chart. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


PurposeInternational construction joint ventures (ICJVs) will fully realize their potential for success and effectively monitor performance when an adequate and suitable performance benchmark is established. However, existing studies fall short of adequately providing a mutually acceptable benchmark for assessing the performance of ICJVs. This study aims to develop an adequate and suitable performance measurement framework for ICJVs.Design/methodology/approachA twofold structured questionnaire survey, supplemented by semi-structured interviews, was used to collect data from the practitioners of ICJVs hosted in the developing country of Ghana. The data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and a hybrid-fuzzy logic approach.FindingsA list of 30 performance indicators (PIs), defined by project performance, perceived satisfaction, company/partner performance, socio-environmental performance and performance of ICJV management, was validated and proved to be significant. Only 22 out of the 30 PIs, focusing on project efficiency, societal improvement and organizational goals are realized by the ICJV practitioners. Further, suitable determinants and viable quantitative ranges for measuring each PI are established to prevent different interpretations of the meanings of PIs and objectively express the level of success in quantitative terms. The results call for further investigation of the convergence between the practice of and research into some PIs (e.g. socio-environmental performance) and a range of different performance levels (PLs) in a more scientific manner.Practical implicationsThis study not only advances the knowledge base and practice of performance measurement in ICJVs but could also assist stakeholders and decision-makers to assess, compare and monitor the performance of different ICJV projects on common grounds objectively.Originality/valueThis study not only comprehensively assessed PIs – what to measure – but also systematically determined suitable determinants – how to measure – for each PI.


To investigate whether feral cats influence the distribution of Australia's largest remnant population of the threatened brush‐tailed rabbit‐rat Conilurus penicillatus and examine whether they influenced the extinction probability of C. penicillatus over a 15‐year period (2000–2015).


A transversely corrugated surface as used in corrugated horn antennas represents a soft boundary. A hard boundary is made by using longitudinal corrugations filled with dielectric material. The concept of soft and hard surfaces is treated in detail, considering different geometries. It is shown that both the hard and soft boundaries have the advantage of a polarization-independent reflection coefficient for geometrical optics ray fields, so that a circularly polarized wave is circularly polarized in the same sense after reflection. The hard boundary can be used to obtain strong radiation fields along a surface for any polarization, whereas the soft boundary makes the fields radiated along the surface zero. >


Here, the Reynolds stresses hu9w9i and hy9w9i, where u9, y9, and w9 are the cross-shore, alongshore, and vertical turbulence velocities, respectively, and the angle brackets represent time averaging, are used to diagnose turbulence dynamics beneath natural breaking surf-zone waves. The data were collected at Truc Vert Beach, France, during a 12-day period in 1‐3-m water depth with strong cross-shore and alongshore currents under high-energy wave conditions (offshore significant wave heights ranged between 2 and 8 m). The hu9w9i term is predominantly negative, increases with the ratio of wave height Hs to water depthh (;degree of wave breaking),anddecreasesinmagnitudetowardthebed.Thissupportstheviewthatthecross-shoreshearstress is due to breaking-induced vortices that transport high-speed cross-shore flow downward and disintegrate close to the bed. The occasional positive sign of hu9w9i within the lower 15%‐20% of the water column indicates that sometimes surface-generated turbulence is overwhelmed by bed-generated turbulence, but the conditions when this happens are not clear from the data. The term hy9w9i is persistently of opposite sign to the alongshore mean current and decreases with height above the seabed, implying that hy9w9i is due to bottom boundary layer processes rather than surface-generated turbulence. The bottom drag coefficient amounted to 1.6 3 10 23 , similar to earlier observations. As in other high-Reynolds-number geophysical flows, time series of u9w9 and y9w9 comprise intermittently large, short-duration (here, ; 1s ) stress events that in the data contribute considerably to the net stress in only 3%‐15% of the time. The data further show that the turbulent kinetic energy is depth uniform and increases with Hs/h. The depth-averaged Froudescaled turbulent kinetic energybeneath surf-zone bores is 0.025, a factor of 2 to 3less than observed beneath regular laboratory waves.


This paper introduces the present situation of and problems existing in the development and utilization of ancient folk house resources in northern Guangxi, and advances some countermeasures.


This essay discusses the relation between Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula AQAP, and the Houthi movment, that each one need the other do extend his power, despite apparent conflict between them.