Interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) strategy was developed to fabricate novel hydrogels composed of cellulose and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) with high mechanical strength and adjustable thermosensitivity. Cellulose hydrogels were prepared by chemically cross-linking cellulose in NaOH/urea aqueous solution, which were employed as the first network. The second network was subsequently obtained by in situ polymerization/cross-linking of N-isopropylacrylamide in the cellulose hydrogels. The results from FTIR and solid 13C NMR indicated that the two networks co-existed in the IPN hydrogels, which exhibited uniform porous structure, as a result of good compatibility. The mechanical and swelling properties of IPN hydrogels were strongly dependent on the weight ratio of two networks. Their temperature-sensitive behaviors and deswelling kinetics were also discussed. This work created double network hydrogels, which combined the advantages of natural polymer and synthesized PNIPAAm collectively in one system, leading to the controllable temperature response and improvement in the physical properties. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Folk culture tourism is based on cultural resources. The sustained development of folk-culture tourism requires an understanding of the relation between folk culture resources and economy, the characteristics of supply and demand, the usefulness of such resources and the fundamental culture-market conceptualization.


We examine a non-cooperative queueing game where a finite number of customers seek service at a bottleneck facility which opens at a given point in time. The facility servers one customer at a time on a first-come, first-serve basis and the amount of time required to service each customer is identically and independently distributed according to some general probability distribution. The customers must individually choose when to arrive at the facility, and they prefer to complete service as early as possible, while minimizing the time spent waiting in the queue. These preferences are captured by a general utility function which is decreasing in the waiting time and service completion time of each customer. Applications of such queueing games range from people choosing when to arrive at a grand opening sale to travellers choosing when to line up at the gate when boarding an airplane. We develop a constructive procedure that characterizes an arrival strategy which constitutes a symmetric Nash equilibrium and show that there is at most one symmetric equilibrium. We accompany the equilibrium characterization with numerically computed examples of symmetric equilibria induced by a non-multilinear utility function.


Combining with the resolution of behaviors of the busbar and line protections,an unusual successively fault accident on a 220 kV busbar is analyzed in his paper.Base on the research to evolvement of the primary fault,and the operations sequence of the protections,the mechanism involved in this successively fault is brought out.In addition,behaviors of the protection,line pilot protections and form recorders are appraised also.


UD. Pringgohardjo Iskandar is a company engaged in Semarang crops such as cloves. UD. Iskandar Pringgohardjo already implements the concept of management information systems that handle goods. Management includes treatment of goods made of raw cloves into cloves chopped, cloves drying process, the process pembumbuan cloves and clove packing process. The downside of this enterprise information systems is the lack of production scheduling process. So it is hard to make the production division of the clove production machines available. Because it is necessary production scheduling using genetic algorithms in order to optimize the production of cloves. Keywords— Penjadwalan Produksi Cengkeh, Algoritma Genetika, UD Iskandar Pringgohardjo


Background: Acute lower extremity ischemia secondary to pouch obstruction has not been previously reported. Herein, we report the case of an elderly man who was referred to our hospital with an acutely ischemic left lower extremity with sensory and motor compromise. Methods: Method used was retrospective chart review of a case and a review of the literature. Results: Embolectomy was attempted but failed to restore flow. A subsequent fem-fem bypass and fasciotomies were performed with salvage of the limb. Postoperative imaging demonstrated intra-pelvic compression of the left iliac system by an obstructed J-pouch significantly compromising flow. Following decompression of the pouch by defunctioning ileostomy the fem-fem occluded and normal flow resumed in the left iliac system. Conclusions: Pouch obstruction is a rare cause of extrinsic arterial compression resulting in acute limb ischemia.


Introduction Carbon monoxide (CO) can strongly influence tropospheric chemistry and, in particular, tropospheric ozone concentrations. The major sources of CO are incomplete combustion, biomass burning and the oxidation of hydrocarbons. It is estimated that about twothirds of CO currently results from anthropogenic activities (IPCC 1994). There is a large uncertainty associated with the magnitude of the CO emissions from biogenic sources. Few biological sources of CO are known like certain plants and specialised micro-organisms (Conrad 1996). No information concerning emission rates of CO during composting could be found in the literature.


Due to the exponential increase of the numerical effort with the number of degrees of freedom, moving basis functions have a long history in quantum dynamics. In addition, spawning of new basis functions is routinely applied. Here we advocate the opposite process: the programmed removal of motional freedom of selected basis functions. This is a necessity for converged numerical results with respect to the size of a non-orthogonal basis, because generically two or more states approach each other too closely early on, rendering unstable the matrix inversion, required to make the equations of motion explicit. Applications to the sub-Ohmic spin-boson model as well as to polaron dynamics in a Holstein molecular crystal model demonstrate the power of the proposed methodology.


In this paper,we introduce recursive utility into a stochastic endogenous growth model with pollution.This paper proves that under appropriate macroeconomic equilibrium conditions,the equilibrium values of the main economic indexes are uniquely determined by the parameters in the model.This paper also proves that the effects of many parameters in the model on the welfare and economic growth are related to the intertemporal elasticity of substitution rather than risk aversion.


The utility model belongs to a chemical engineering, fuel cell power generation system, in particular to a two-position three-way electromagnetic valve. The two-position three-way electromagnetic valve comprises an upper valve, a lower valve, a guide sleeve and a coil frame, wherein a shell is arranged outside the coil frame, a frame upper end cover and an upper magnetizer are arranged between the coil frame and the shell, an armature is arranged in the coil frame, a valve core and a valve rod in floatation connection with the valve core are arranged in the cavity of the upper valve and the lower valve, a magnetic steel is arranged in the middle position on the outer side of the coil frame and a coil is respectively wound on and below the magnetic steel. The annular magnetic steel made of a permanent magnetic material is arranged outside the coil frame and four closed magnetic loops are formed y the magnetic steel, the armature, the shell and the upper magnetizer, so as to switch the medium flowing direction and effectively reduce the system energy consumption and increase the reliability. In addition, the prior valve core is changed into the valve core and the valve rod in floatation connection, the valve core uses the limited swing angle and automatically centered and sealed by the guide section on the valve, thereby ensuring the sealing performance and increasing the reliability of the valve.


The presentation will also detail how data gathered through the smart sensors will be integrated into software modelling and optimization of water distribution systems. Combined with the new data, such tools offer a range of applications of practical relevance, such as the identification of optimal locations of micro-turbines for energy recovery in water distribution networks and the estimation of water demand throughout the network.


A 62-year-old woman presented with massive right-sided hydrothorax associated with cirrhosis of the liver. Chest scintigraphy after intraperitoneal injection of labelled tracer showed movement of the tracer from the peritoneal to the pleural cavity. Medical therapy and thoracocentesis were successful in this case.


BACKGROUND
Clinical manifestation of secondary immunodeficiency is responsible for the decrease in lfe quality in cancer‑treated patients, which may result in administration delays, dose reductions, even in discontinuation of treatment. The main aim of presented study was to stress the possibility of influencing secondary infections with adjunctive immuno-regulatory medicament (AIRT).

METHODS
The presented real-life retrospective study involved a cohort of 94 adult female patients aged from 30 to 87 years with mean age of 58.4 (SD = 11.37). The cohort was divided into two groups. One group (54 patients; 57.45 %) was treated by using the adjunctive immuno-regulatory medicaments and the other, control group (40 patients; 42.55 %), was without any immunological interventions in relation to secondary immunodeficiency. Patients in both groups were treated by standard oncotherapy.

RESULTS
The results show that in patients who were sent for immunological consultation, double-digit values of mild secondary infection frequencies were revealed. When immunologists decided to add adjunctive immunomodulatory medicament, the occurrence of infection and consumption of antibiotics decreased. The decrease was significant in the second evaluated interval (6th - 12th month).

CONCLUSIONS
Our results strongly advise regular or even preventive examination of cancer patients by immunologic specialist for the purpose of attenuating some negative consequences of applied anti-tumor therapy (Tab. 1, Fig. 4, Ref. 14). Text in PDF www.elis.sk Keywords: secondary infection, breast cancer, real‑life study, clinical immunology, treatment.


Ernest Hemingway, the winner of the Nobel Prize for literature, is one of the most famous Nov-elist in America in the twentieth century. He summarized the experience of the years of literary creation, andformed the principle of iceberg. His short story Hills Like White Elephant is a great example in which the fa-mous Hemingway style, including the objective narrative skills and the simple dialogues. It makes the storymore vivid and graceful.


The introduction into the Indian secondary school curriculum of a course on the nature of mathematical thinking is discussed in this paper.


In this Letter, governing equations for the nanoscale plates with consideration of both surface effects and non-local elasticity are derived. The closed-form solutions for the critical buckling force of simply supported plates are obtained. Results show that the critical buckling force of the nanoplate increases with increasing surface effects and decreasing non-local parameter. The reduction of critical buckling force by shear deformation becomes significant as the thickness of the plate increases. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first Letter to deal with the stability of nanoplates by considering the combining effects of surface energy and non-local elasticity.


A multi-scale texture segmentation algorithm for SAR images based on the discrete wavelet transform is presented. Responses from different sub-bands are used to form a feature vector for each pixel position that is the input to the classification scheme. To further improve the classification results, the tree-structured wavelet packet transform is used to automatically identify a suitable sub-set of elements from the feature vector. Results show that this approach is effective for both the redundant and non-redundant wavelet transforms.


Occupations, such as railroad work, which requires the worker to perform job functions on irregular surfaces are physically taxing. Previous research and epidemiology have suggested a potential link between walking surface characteristics and injury. However, to date few studies have investigated the impact of irregular surfaces, flat or sloped, on gait dynamics. The current study investigated gait dynamics on a sloped irregular surface in twenty healthy adult men. The participants walked along 2 distinct sloped surfaces [No Ballast (NB), and Mainline Ballast (MB)]. Lower body motion, ground reaction forces, and electromyographic (EMG) signals from lower extremity muscles were collected. Three dimensional joint moments were calculated at the hip, knee and ankle during the down slope step on the walking surfaces. Parameters of interest were moment ranges. Results showed joint moment ranges were generally larger for MB compared to that of NB in the down slope leg. The results suggested walking on ballast increases joint moments at the ankle and knee of the down slope leg during walking on an irregular sloped surface.


The paper introduces an improved distributed minimal power routing algorithm for sensor networks. Using the greedy method which is different from the one in [1], our algorithm has a trade-off between minimizing the total power consumption (which may drain critical nodes) and maximizing the minimal residual power of the network (which may use too much total power), and therefore maximizes the lifetime of the whole system .


We have elucidated that oxidative stress is a pivotal pathogenetic factor of age-related bone loss and strength in mice, leading to, among other changes, a decrease in osteoblast number and bone formation. To gain insight into the molecular mechanism by which oxidative stress exerts such adverse effects, we have tested the hypothesis that induction of the Forkhead box O (FoxO) transcription factors by reactive oxygen species may antagonize Wnt signaling, an essential stimulus for osteoblastogenesis. In support of this hypothesis, we report herein that the expression of FoxO target genes increases, whereas the expression of Wnt target genes decreases, with increasing age in C57BL/6 mice. Moreover, we show that in osteoblastic cell models, oxidative stress (exemplified by H2O2) promotes the association of FoxOs with β-catenin, β-catenin is required for the stimulation of FoxO target genes by H2O2, and H2O2 promotes FoxO-mediated transcription at the expense of Wnt-/T-cell factor-mediated transcription and osteoblast differentiation. Furthermore, β-catenin overexpression is sufficient to prevent FoxO-mediated suppression of T-cell factor transcription. These results demonstrate that diversion of the limited pool of β-catenin from T-cell factor- to FoxO-mediated transcription in osteoblastic cells may account, at least in part, for the attenuation of osteoblastogenesis and bone formation by the age-dependent increase in oxidative stress.


Background and objectives: Heterosexual HIV-1 serodiscordant couples are increasingly recognized as an important source of new HIV-1 infections in sub-Saharan Africa. A simple risk assessment tool could be useful for identifying couples at highest risk for HIV-1 transmission. Methods : Using data from three prospective studies of HIV-1 serodiscordant couples from seven African countries and standard methods for development of clinical prediction rules, we derived and validated a risk scoring tool developed from multivariate modeling and composed of key predictors for HIV-1 risk that could be measured in standard research and clinical settings. Results : The final risk score included age of the HIV-1 uninfected partner, married and/or cohabiting partnership, number of children, unprotected sex, uncircumcised male HIV-1 uninfected partner, and plasma HIV-1 RNA in the HIV-1 infected partner. The maximum risk score was 12; overall, 28% of serodiscordant couples had an elevated risk score (≥6), and this group accounted for 67% of HIV-1 transmissions. The area under the curve for predictive ability of the score was 0.74 (95% CI 0.70-0.78). Internal and external validation showed good predictive ability of the risk score, even when plasma viral load was excluded from the risk score. Conclusions: A discrete combination of clinical and behavioral characteristics defines highestrisk HIV-1 serodiscordant couples. Discriminating highest-risk couples for HIV-1 prevention programs and clinical trials using a validated risk score could improve research efficiency and maximize the impact of prevention strategies for reducing HIV-1 transmission.


This paper discusses the concept of community-based tourism (CBT) as an approach to tourism development that emphasises the central role of local communities, community development and capacity building. CBT often experiences difficulties associated with promotion, skills development and financial sustainability. Timor-Leste is one destination which has encountered such issues, as it has started to develop CBT. Located on the eastern part of Timor island north of Darwin it is at the fledgling stage as a nation. A collaborative network approach is proposed as a possible strategy to tackle these issues. In recognising the importance of stakeholder support for this strategy, the place of CBT in Timor-Leste and the prospects from a collaborative network as a solution to current CBT-related issues were discussed at a workshop held during a recent conference on development. A variety of representative stakeholder groups suggested that tourism in Timor-Leste should focus on nature, culture and adventure. CBT was not found to be a major type of tourism for Timor-Leste, nevertheless participants suggested that any type of tourism in Timor-Leste should recognise the central role of local communities in the development of tourism. Further discussion identified that a collaborative network is seen as beneficial for CBT development in Timor Leste. In order to be capable of providing common goals and strategies, the network should have a medium level of integration, without disempowering individual communities. Since there was general support for a CBT network, and little variation in the responses of various stakeholder groups across the majority of questions, collaboration between workshop participants may become the basis for future network establishment. To gain a thorough understanding of potential future network structures and functions, further research is needed.


Data on the genetic variability of genomic DNA from two species of camels (Dromedary and Bactrian) are presented. It is noted that these animal species are of great importance in a number of southern countries, they are used as farm animals (milk, meat, wool), as draft, riding and sports animals. At present, much attention is paid to the study of camels in order to identify their genetic characteristics that can be used in breeding work. One of the research methods is multilocus analysis using labeled oligonucleotide probes. The latter selectively hybridize in separate regions of genomic DNA, leading to the appearance of specific genetic profiles characteristic of each individual. Labeling the probe with digoxigenin makes it possible to detect the results of hybridization on the filter. After the reaction of molecular hybridization of the probe with genomic DNA of camels, from 3 to 15 DNA fragments were detected, while the pattern of hybridization was very different in Dromedaries and Bactrians, which indicates a significant genetic difference in the organization of genomes. The coefficient of similarity of individuals in Bactrians was significantly higher than in Dromedaries (0.48 versus 0.39); interspecific similarity coefficient in this parameter was only 0.13. The calculation of the genetic distance between populations gave a rather high value of 0.305, which is significantly higher than the previously obtained data on cattle (from 0.05 to 0.10). Intrapopulation genetic diversity was assessed by the criterion of average heterozygosity. Calculations showed greater genetic diversity in the dromedary population (H = 0.72), which was indirectly confirmed by a lower similarity coefficient in this group of animals.


Project Development Objective (from Project Appraisal Document) The project objective is to promote national development policies as well as to support the definition and implementation of community-based natural resource management processes in 32, mostly rural, communes in a way that strengthen sustainable local developmentpractices and contributes to reducing GHG emissions from deforestation and woodland degradation. Has the Project Development Objective been changed since Board Approval of the Project Objective? No PHRPDODEL


Objective To study the effect of leadacetate(PbAC) on hprt gene in peripheral blood lymphocytes,and to explore an early and sensitive biomarker for the investigation on environmental mutagens.Methods Cytokinesis-Block(CB) assay was used to investigate the frequency of hprt locus mutation in vivo and in vitro by PbAC and its dose-effect relationship.Results The results showed that PbAC could induce hprt locus mutation in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of rats and human and the frequency of hprt locus mutation increased linearly with the doses in the certain dose range.Conclusion PbAC could result in hprt locus mutation in lymphocytes of rats and human,there's a relationship between the chemical doses and the mutation frequency(MF).It could be expeced that the frequency of hprt locus mutation might be used as an early,sensitive and economical biomarker in the exposed popuation.


Levelling the playing field on the internal market by competition law and state aid control rules has been the EU's mantra from the very beginning. Meanwhile, the EU has become both the world's…


Contrary to the finding by Guo et al. (1), Li et al. argue that regional transport of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) represents the major cause for severe haze formation in Beijing (2). We noticed that the letter by Li et al. contains numerous nonscientific and unsubstantiated arguments: for example, "Guo et al.'s conclusion…goes against a broadly held view" and "Our [Li et al.'s] conclusion…is consistent with…control measures." The letter by Li et al. hinges on three sentences describing their methodology and results, but provides little detail to assess the validity of their conclusion.


Emulsion properties of gum in seed of Nicandra physaloides(L.) Gaertn were evaluated in this paper.The results showed that the gum had the ability to reduce the oil-water interfacial surface tension.Emulsion stability increased with increase of gum mass concentration and decreased with increase of oil mass concentration.At higher emulsifying temperature and storage temperature,the emulsion was more instable.Emulsion stability was affected by the pH through the change of the gum solution viscosity.At pH=3,the highest values of emulsion ability(EA) and emulsion stability index(ESI) were 1.247 and 63.353 h respectively.The particle size of emulsion decreased with increase of mass concentration and homogenization pressure.As emulsion was instable by increasing homogenization pressure during standing at short time periods,the suitable homogenization pressure was 5 MPa.


We tried to scrutinize the results hitherto obtained in a series of in vestigations1)-4) by means of a phase contrast microscopes5)-6) The cells of living organisms are said to contain approximately 90% of water, and if we recall that the earlabyrinth is especially susceptible to internal and external influences, observation of the tissues in living condi tion is most desirable. To begin with, we have tried to examine fresh vital labyrinth tissues under a phase contrast microscope, without killing them by fixation, staining and such manipulations. In literature, we find that Katsuki and Covell17 studied the organ of Corti of guinea-pigs and de Vries8) the tectorial membrane of oxen in a similar manner.


This study aims to determine: 1) the influence of service quality on the decision to become a sharia banking customer in Yogyakarta, 2) the influence of word of mouth on the decision to become a sharia banking customer in Yogyakarta. This study uses a quantitative approach. The object in this study is
service quality (X1), word of mouth (X2), and interest in being a customer (Y). The subject of this research is customers who have Islamic banking accounts in Yogyakarta. The sample of this study amounted to 100 customers who were taken using simple purposive sampling method. Data collection techniques using questionnaire questionnaire. The analysis technique used in this study is regression, which is looking for the effect of X variables on Y variables. The regression results show that service quality and word of mouth variables have a positive and significant effect on the decision to become sharia banking customers in Yogyakarta. The influence of service quality and word of mouth on the
decision to become sharia banking customers is 52.1%, while 47.9% is influenced by variables other than service quality and word of mouth.


A second large collection of Pandanus was made in the East Carolines in 1934. In Truk through the courtesy of the Chief of the District, Mr. wizaburo YAMAGUTI, collections were made on islands Tol, Moen, lJman and other small neighboring inlets, while in Ponape, Kusai and the Marshall Islands, material was secured by Mr. MORITARO HosINo of the Experiment Station, Ponape. Mr. OIIBA Secured some material on Enchabi Island, an isolated atoll situated about 250 miles to the northeast of Kusai, while on Mokiel, an island to the east of Ponape, collection were made by the capitain of the S. S. Ilei-ei-maru. All their material was brought to Ponape where it was dried and made into excellent specimens. The author wishes to express his sincere thanks to those who have so generously cooperated with him in securing their study material. The following new species are proposed.


The heats of dilution (ΔH) of aqueous solutions of sodium carboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC) having degrees of etherification of 0.75 and 1.4, were measured. Data for NaCMC at 25°C were in good agreement with Manning's limiting law, whereas this was not the case for sodium polyacrylate (NaPAA) at 25°C. The ΔH values of NaCMC and NaPAA at 40°C were in agreement with the theory. It was found that Manning's limiting law satisfactorily described the dependence of the ΔH of polyelectrolytes on the concentration, charge density, and temperature.


Given the performances it achieves, dynamic binary translation is the most compelling simulation approach for cross-emulation of software centric systems. This speed comes at a cost: simulation is purely functional. Modeling instruction caches by instrumenting each target instruction is feasible, but severely degrades performances. As the translation occurs per target instruction block, we propose to model instruction caches at that granularity. This raises a few issues that we detail and mitigate. We implement this solution in the QEMU dynamic binary translation engine, which brings up an interesting problem inherent to this simulation strategy. Using as test vehicle a multicore RISC-V based platform, we show that a proper model can be nearly as accurate as an instruction accurate model. On the PolyBench/C and PARSEC benchmarks, our model slows down simulation by a factor of 2 to 10 compared to vanilla QEMU. Although not negligible, this is to be balanced with the factor of 20 to 60 for the instruction accurate approach.


In November 1994 in the Philippines 1000 urban males 12-60 years old were interviewed about their sexual practices. The findings will be used to design an HIV/AIDS prevention program. 55% of the males were married. 44% were never married. 22% most of whom were youth reported no sexual experience. 48% of sexually active males first had sexual intercourse before they reached age 20. 26% had their first sexual intercourse before age 15. The first sexual partner for 13% was a high-risk partner especially a female commercial sex worker (CSW) (9%). 70-82% did not use a condom during first sexual intercourse. Younger males were more likely to have used a condom during first intercourse than older males (16-20% vs. 9-12%). 23% of married males had had an extramarital sex partner in the previous year especially 30-45 year old men (27% vs. 15% for 20-29 years old) and males of high socioeconomic class (35%). The extramarital sex partners included a girlfriend (52%) a female CSW (25%) a male CSW (5%) and a gay/bisexual male (6%). Only 3% of married men who had extramarital sex always used a condom. 72% never used a condom. These findings suggest the need to begin safe sex education and other prevention efforts before the age of sexual debut (i.e by age 12-13 years).


This paper descibes the provision of housing for the elderly in New Zealand, with special emphasis on the provision of 'granny flats.' The history of state involvement in housing for the elderly is detailed, and the 'granny flats' program introduced in the 1980s is seen as a response to changing demographic distributions and the need for a wider range of housing options. Design and construction aspects of 'granny flat' programs are reviewed, and a case study of granny flats in Hamilton, a city in the Waikato region is presented. The success of this housing option in New Zealand became assured only when financial responsibility and management were reclaimed from local authorities by the Housing Corporation, a central government agency. Several aspects of the contemporary 'granny flats' program are discussed in the final section of the paper. The most significant issues are costs of different supply options, and funding and administrative responsibility for the program in an era of local government re-organ...


Eccrine carcinomas comprise less than 0.01% of all cutaneous malignancies. Squamoid eccrine ductal carcinoma is an exceedingly rare variant that exhibits both squamous and eccrine ductal characteristics. It presents in patients older than 50 years on the head, neck, and trunk as nodule or plaque. It is commonly misdiagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma from which it must be differentiated as its recurrence and metastasis rates are much higher.Very few cases have been reported, we hereby report an additional case of this rare tumor. A 50 years old male presented with a slow-growing nodule in the frontal region of scalp since one year. Histopathology showed a dermal based infiltrative epithelial tumor with extensive squamous differentiation arranged in interlacing cords and nests, with focal formation of ductal lumina which was highlighted by immunohistochemistry. The diagnostic identification of eccrine carcinoma is hampered by their rarity .Awareness of this rare entity will help in accurate diagnosis and management.


This essay briefly discusses the major contributions of Louis Dumont to the sociology of India and to the study of the ideology of individualism in the West. Changing from the formal to the personal mode of presentation, the author recalls his association with Dumont over a period of thirty-five years. He describes the launching of the second series of Contributions to Indian sociology in 1967, the presentation of a festschrift to Dumont in 1982, and the translation into English of his ethnographic magnum opus on a south-Indian subcaste. Finally, drawing upon their correspondence, the author attempts to describe what kind of person Dumont was. The text is followed by a comprehensive bibliography of Dumont's published works.


Although the distribution of catecholamine‐synthesizing cells has been described for a variety of taxa, less is known about the functional significance of particular populations in nonmammalian species, especially reptiles. To understand the role of these populations in the display of social behaviors in lizards, we studied the interactive effects of sexual vigor (sexually vigorous vs. sluggish) and social condition (housing in isolation vs. with females) on the number and somal areas of cells expressing tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), a rate‐limiting enzyme in catecholamine synthesis, in male whiptail lizards, Cnemidophorus inornatus. We found that, regardless of social condition, sexually vigorous males had more TH‐immunoreactive (TH‐ir) cells in the dorsal hypothalamus (DH) relative to sluggish males. Sexually vigorous males also had more TH‐ir cells in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc), but this difference was significant only among males housed with females. Sexually vigorous males that had been housed with females had smaller TH‐ir cells in the preoptic area (POA) than vigorous males housed in isolation. On the other hand, no significant differences were found in the anterior hypothalamus. These results highlight the regional heterogeneity in the plasticity of TH expression and suggest that, just as in other species, the DH, SNpc, and POA might be involved in the expression of social behaviors and in behavioral plasticity following social experiences in lizards. J. Comp. Neurol. 476:429–439, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


The invention relates to methods for manufacturing a chip package, a method for manufacturing a wafer level package, and a compression apparatus. Various embodiments provide a method for manufacturing a chip package, the method including: forming an encapsulation material over a chip; compressing an encapsulation material over a chip by a film arranged over the encapsulation material, thereby molding the encapsulation material over the chip; wherein a material from the film is deposited over at least part of the encapsulation material.


M /[RS. MARY HARTWELL Catherwood probably never thought of herself as a realist. In the nineties she declared herself firmly on the side of the romanticists, and Hamlin Garland, who found her his chief and most annoying critical opponent in the Middle West, agreed with her very energetically in this definition of her stand. To him, Mrs. Catherwood and the facile historical romances upon which her fame largely rested after i888,1 epitomized everything which was the opposite of Veritism.2 Mrs. Catherwood had arrived at her skill in writing these popular novels, however, only after ten years of practice with Middle Western local color. She had been the first short-story writer to exploit the material of the old corn belt that lies east of the Mississippi in Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois.3 Furthermore, her stories of this region, although they later assumed a characteristic coating of sentiment and glamorous retrospect, passed through an early stage of development, especially between I878 and I882, when they were concerned largely with recording the unpleasant present as the author herself had experienced it in various farm and small-town communities. Nine years before Joseph Kirkland's Zury: The Meanest Man in Spring County (i887), Mrs. Catherwood published "A Little God" (i878-i879), a novelette concerned with the vulgar-


The original description and definition of the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) included predominantly thromboses of large veins and large arteries (deep vein thromboses [DVT] and strokes), fetal losses and thrombocytopenia (mild to moderate). The thromboses and fetal losses were often recurrent. Small vessel occlusions did occur (affecting renal and retinal skin vessels, etc.) but these did not dominate the clinical picture. The systemic nature of the syndrome was recognized in 1992 and is referred to as Hughes' Syndrome. In 1992, a new subset consisting predominantly of small vessel microangiopathy, with considerably less large vessel occlusive disease, was defined as the catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome (CAPS) and the eponym Asherson's Syndrome has been attached. Severe thrombocytopenia and features of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome appear to accompany this very often fatal condition. Recurrences were very rare. A new subset is highlighted and reviewed in this paper and is termed the ...


Objective To appaise the significance of changes in peripheral blood IL-12 level of patients with multiple trauma and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Methods IL-12 levels were determined dynamically using the ELISA technique in patients with multiple trauma on day 1, 3, 7, 14 during hospitalization. Results The IL-12 levels in patients with multiple trauma were higher after injury. The IL-12 levels at every time period days in patients complicated with MODS were higher than those in uncomplicated patients. Conclusion The dynamic determination of IL-12 levels is useful in judging the severity of injury, whether or not complicating with MODS in patients with multiple trauma.


The relationship of the pH of oesophageal refluxate and its pepsin content to injury of oesophageal mucosa remains unclear. A study was made of the earliest morphological alterations in the oesophageal mucosa secondary to varying concentrations of hydrochloric acid with or without pepsin.


This document enhances the BGP Cease NOTIFICATION message
"Administrative Shutdown" and "Administrative Reset" subcodes for
operators to transmit a short freeform message to describe why a BGP
session was shutdown or reset. This document updates RFC 4486 and
obsoletes RFC 8203 by defining an Extended BGP Administrative Shutdown
Communication to improve communication using multibyte character sets.


The aim of the work is to increase the efficiency of cyclone technology by using a separator plate. Cyclone technology is used not only in the processing of various agricultural products, but also in air purification from dust. Air flow trajectories and the movement of dust particles inside the cyclone unit were simulated and analyzed using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and particle study analyses. The separator plate was designed in certain sizes and placed inside the cyclone, thus increasing the efficiency of the cyclone. The angle of position of the separator plate significantly affected the obtained results. The experimental equipment was assembled together to test the simulation results. Wood ash was used to determine the efficiency of the cyclone. Studies have shown that the effect of the separator plate on increasing the efficiency of the experimental equipment is less than that shown in the simulations. Most of the experiments used ash particles that were greater than 20 μm, thus cyclone efficiency was 98.9 ± 0.05%. This confirms the compliance of CFD simulations with the physical model. More detailed research should be carried out in order to use the separator plate effectively for the filtration of very small dust particles.


SUMMARYThis literature review cross-contaminationevidence of periodontal pathogens, specificallyAggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitansbetween members of the same family,which includes spouses and children, aswell as to identify the more importanttransmission routes. Describing the possibleroutes of transmission of periodontalbacteria could lead to methods to preventor reduce microbial cross-contaminationbetween family members and possiblyreduce disease transmission.Key words: Periodontitis, microbiology,transmission, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans.


–Conditional functional dependencies (CFDs) are the extension of functional dependencies (FDs) by supporting patterns of semantically related constants. These CFDs are very useful to frame the data cleaning rules in relational databases. The CFDs have been proven more effective than FDs in detecting and repairing dirtiness of data. However, finding the CFDs is a difficult task and it also involves rigorous manual effort. This paper proposes a fast and efficient method called BestCFD to find the CFDs from relations. This algorithm works effectively find the CFDs compared to the other algorithms like CTANE. The proposed method is implemented in Java with SQl database connectivity and tested for different datasets. The results validate the effectiveness of this method for finding CFDs in databases. Keywords––Conditional Functional Dependencies, CFDs, BestCFD, Data Quality, Data Cleaning Rules


[1] The Princeton Ocean Model is used to study the circulation features in the Pearl River Estuary and their responses to tide, river discharge, wind, and heat flux in the winter dry and summer wet seasons. The model has an orthogonal curvilinear grid in the horizontal plane with variable spacing from 0.5 km in the estuary to 1 km on the shelf and 15 sigma levels in the vertical direction. The initial conditions and the subtidal open boundary forcing are obtained from an associated larger-scale model of the northern South China Sea. Buoyancy forcing uses the climatological monthly heat fluxes and river discharges, and both the climatological monthly wind and the realistic wind are used in the sensitivity experiments. The tidal forcing is represented by sinusoidal functions with the observed amplitudes and phases. In this paper, the simulated tide is first examined. The simulated seasonal distributions of the salinity, as well as the temporal variations of the salinity and velocity over a tidal cycle are described and then compared with the in situ survey data from July 1999 and January 2000. The model successfully reproduces the main hydrodynamic processes, such as the stratification, mixing, frontal dynamics, summer upwelling, two-layer gravitational circulation, etc., and the distributions of hydrodynamic parameters in the Pearl River Estuary and coastal waters for both the winter and the summer season. INDEX TERMS: 4235 Oceanography: General: Estuarine processes; 4255 Oceanography: General: Numerical modeling; 4512 Oceanography: Physical: Currents; KEYWORDS: estuary, coastal circulation, front, observation, modeling Citation: Wong, L. A., J. C. Chen, H. Xue, L. X. Dong, J. L. Su, and G. Heinke, A model study of the circulation in the Pearl River Estuary (PRE) and its adjacent coastal waters: 1. Simulations and comparison with observations, J. Geophys. Res., 108(C5), 3156, doi:10.1029/2002JC001451, 2003.


The human nasal microbiome is critical for health and disease, since it is associated with the occurrence of respiratory disorders and hosting of opportunistic pathogens. The host therefore protects this vulnerable mucosal barrier from infection and maintains homeostasis of the microbiota through various mechanisms, including the production of secretory IgA (sIgA) antibodies. However, we currently lack a comprehensive understanding of how sIgA affects the nasal microbiota. Through IgA-seq analysis of nasal microbiome samples and sIgA deposition experiments using nasal sIgA from healthy volunteers, we identified which bacterial genera and species are targeted by sIgA on the level of the individual host. We observed that the amount of sIgA secreted into the nasal mucosa by the host varied substantially and was negatively correlated with the bacterial density. The interaction between mucosal sIgA antibodies and the nasal microbiome was highly individual, and was not dependent on the microbiome composition, or the age or gender of the host. Importantly, we showed that for the clinically relevant opportunistic pathogen S. aureus, sIgA reactivity was in part the result of epitope-independent interaction of sIgA with the antibody binding protein SpA through binding of sIgA Fab regions. This study thereby offers a first comprehensive insight of targeting of nasal microbiota by sIgA antibodies, which may help to better understand the shaping and homeostasis of the nasal microbiome by the host and offer new targets for intervention in disease-associated microbiota.


In network inference applications, it is often desirable to detect community structure. Beyond mere adjacency matrices, many real-world networks also involve vertex covariates that carry key information about underlying block structure in graphs. To assess the effects of such covariates on block recovery, we present a comparative analysis of two model-based spectral algorithms for clustering vertices in stochastic blockmodel graphs with vertex covariates. The first algorithm uses only the adjacency matrix, and directly estimates the block assignments. The second algorithm incorporates both the adjacency matrix and the vertex covariates into the estimation of block assignments, and moreover quantifies the explicit impact of the vertex covariates on the resulting estimate of the block assignments. We employ Chernoff information to analytically compare the algorithms' performance and derive the information-theoretic Chernoff ratio for certain models of interest. Analytic results and simulations suggest that the second algorithm is often preferred: one can better estimate the induced block assignments by first estimating the effect of vertex covariates. In addition, real data examples also indicate that the second algorithm has the advantage of revealing underlying block structure while considering observed vertex heterogeneity in real applications.


An experiment was performed to evaluate AE monitoring of "seeded" defects in an actual pipeline. The evaluation was carried out on a 54trU-foot segment of a 26-inch pipeline located at Dutch John, Utah. The pipeline was given an initial proof test with water to a pressure level corresponding to 94 percent of its specified minimum yield strength. During the proof test, t he pipelilie was monitored by means of AE transducers spaced at 500-foot intervals. Subsequent to the proof t est, four cycles of pressucization were conducted. For each cycle, two new seeded defects were inserted into the line. During pressurization, t ne pipeline was monitorea to determine whether or not the defects were grcjwing and to predict when they might fail. The results of the Dutch John Test have showri that AE monitoring with a transducer spacing of 3UO feet can find severe defects in buired p ipelines in time to prevent them from fa i i i ng .


A new high-rise hotel and residential condominium building had elevator equipment rooms between residential spaces. During construction, elevator equipment noise was audible in adjacent unfinished residential spaces. The developer and architect requested evaluation by an acoustical engineer. Investigatory observations with acoustical and vibration measurements were conducted to determine sources and paths of vibration and noise transmission. Construction noise and the unfinished condition prevented measurements reflective of actual future conditions in occupied spaces, but 1/3 octave vibration measurements in the elevator equipment rooms and on wall surfaces of residential space indicated structure borne vibration transmission that could result in re-radiated audible sound. Sound spectrum measurements in the elevator equipment rooms compared with anticipated airborne noise transmission loss through the demising partition indicated potential levels of residual elevator equipment noise in residential spaces. Primary acoustic sources were determined by observations and validated by vibration and measurements in the equipment room. Anticipated noise levels due to airborne sound and structure borne vibration were compared to full-octave background noise Room Criteria (RC) to determine attenuation requirements. Recommendations for noise and vibration mitigation were developed. Mitigation measures implemented by the construction contractor will be enumerated with subjectively determine results.


Osteoarthritis(OA)is a chronic joint disease characterized by the articular cartilage degeneration of the middle-aged movable joints and secondary osteoarthritis. Joint pain,limited mobility and joint deformities are the main symptoms. Traditional Chinese medicine has many ways in the treatment of OA,and many beneficial and treatment methods and formulae have been summaried and have obvious advantages. Now it reviewed the research progress of TCM in the treatment of OA in recent years as follows.


The impedance of a two-terminal network is defined completely by the insertion loss and phase shift it produces when inserted between known sending and receiving impedances. Recent advances in precise wide-band phase and transmission measuring circuits have permitted practical use of this principle. Reactive and resistive impedance components are read directly from a simple graphical chart in which frequency is not a parameter. The basic principle described promises attractive possibilities in many cases of impedance measurements where present methods are inadequate.


aBritish Columbia Centre for Disease Control Public Health Laboratory, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada bBoundary District Hospital, Grand Forks, British Columbia, Canada cInterior Health Authority, Vernon, British Columbia, Canada dCentre for Food-borne and Animal Parasitology, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada eDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada


The article is devoted to the main scientific achievements of an outstanding neurophysiologist, the corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, professor of Saint-Petersburg State University N. E. Vvedensky, who was one of the founders of a world famous Saint-Petersburg physiological school. Registering action currents in nervous fibers N. E. Vvedensky managed to hear excitation rhythms in a nervous trunk with the help of a telephone. By comparing nerve and muscle excitation rhythms he detected a phenomenon of nerve irritation optimum and pessimum. N. E. Vvedensky found out that a considerable stimulus amplification or acceleration result in muscle contraction weakening (pessimum effect). He also demonstrated a significant role of stimulus frequency and introduced a concept of lability, or functional mobility. N. E. Vvedensky is known for the theory of parabiosis, which is represented in his monography «Excitation, inhibition and narcosis». According to his doctrine, inhibition is a modification of excitation. If the stimulus exceeds the lability level, excitation can become localized (inhibition develops). Physiological investigations of the 20th century completely proved N.E.Vvedensky theory, which has become a powerful basis for modern electrophysiology.


In contemporary China,a group of influential education experts have come forth as China finds itself in a period of social transition,and the backgrounds and the professional development of those successful educationists have attracted the attention of many scholars.This article,by observing the life experience and professional development of five education experts on Chinese teaching,analyzes the importance of social environment and some basic rules for the growing of educationists in the perspective of times and discipline.It also points out that,as our social environment is characterized with cultural transformation and education reform,Chinese teachers are in an advantageous position in becoming future educationists by the way of humanistic education.


This paper presents a precursor to an objective measure to predict speech intelligibility in binaural listening conditions. Such measures typically consist of a binaural pre-processing stage followed by intelligibility prediction using a monaural measure such as the Speech Intelligibility Index. In this work, an implementation of the equalization-cancellation process using Wiener filters is presented as a binaural pre-processing stage. The model is tested in simulated sound-field listening. Preliminary assessment is performed by comparison with recent work in this field. Speech intelligibility measurements from the literature are also used to qualitatively assess the improvements in signal-to-noise ratio obtained. This work will form the basis for a complete binaural intelligibility prediction system involving nonlinear input signals common in hearing aids.


Abstract The number of the birch casebearer larvae, Coleophora fuscedinella Zeller, within white birch crowns, Betula papyrifera Marsh., decreased 70% from overwintered survivors to about 50% pupae in the population. Within a crown, the highest number occurred in the outer shell and lowest in the inner. Casebearer numbers, weighted by the number of leaf clusters, were highest in the inner shell and lowest in the outer. Among crown quarters, both unweighted and weighted numbers were generally highest in the middle two crown quarters, lowest in the bottom quarter, and variable in the top quarter. Peaks in immigration and emigration of larvae among crown strata occurred first when third and again when fourth instar larvae were most abundant. Immigration consisted only of intra-tree crawling, but emigration consisted of intra-tree crawling, removal by predation, and larvae leaving the tree to pupate on ground vegetation.


INTRODUCTION Numerical simulation methods, mainly Time-Domain Finite-Difference (FDTD) and Finite Element Method (FEM), have been extensively used in the past decade to study B1 field distribution and RF safety, particularly for high field applications. The simulated B1 field and imaging characteristics are in good agreement with experimental measurements [1-4]. Although many simulations have calculated the RF power deposition inside 3-D human head models [5-8], to the best of our knowledge, the calculated data have not been experimentally verified. In this study, we performed numerical simulations and experimental measurements at 4.7 Tesla of the RF power deposition inside several different phantoms using the same coil/phantom setup. Results of this comparison between the simulated and experimental data may make researchers more confident in their ability to use numerical simulation for RF safety evaluations. METHODS Coil and phantoms: A shielded, 12-rung one-port linear high-pass birdcage coil was built with coil dia. = 4.0 cm and shield dia. = 17.8 cm. Copper tape was used to make rungs (2.54-cm wide) and end-rings (1.90-cm wide). The overall height of the coil was 16.5 cm. Three chip capacitors were placed in parallel at each open slot of the end-rings, and the coil was tuned to 200.6 MHz. The 1 phantom was a sphere (dia. = 3.5 cm) filled with distilled water only (no loading effect). The 2, 3, and 4 phantoms were spheres (dia. = 10.1cm) filled with 25, 50, and 75 mM NaCl solution, respectively (see Table). Experimental measurement: The RF power deposition inside each phantom was measured using the method defined by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association (document MS8) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC 60601-2-33). The method is illustrated in Fig. 1 and summarized by the formulas: Pcoil = Pforward 1 – Preflect 1 (using unloaded phantom 1) Pn = Pforward n – Preflect n – Pcoil (using phantom n, n = 2, 3, and 4) where Pcoil is the power dissipated by the coil itself—including coil resistive loss and radiation loss—and Pn is the power absorbed inside the n-th phantom. All power levels were measured at a condition of 180 flip angle with a 2-ms rectangular pulse at the coil center. The B1 + field map was also experimentally mapped using a spin-echo based imaging method by acquiring two images at different excitation flip angles [9]. Numerical simulation: A FDTD/FEM hybrid method [10] was applied: the birdcage coil was modeled with unstructured tetrahedral meshes and the FEM method (Fig. 2a), and the rest of the space and the phantoms were modeled with 3-mm cubical Yee cells and the FDTD method. The region colored pink denotes the cross-sectional view of the tetrahedral mesh near the coil conductors (brown). Spherical phantoms were modeled with 3-mm cubical Yee cells (in gray, Fig. 2b). The coil was tuned to 200.6 MHz by adjusting 72 capacitances with phantoms. Although the phantoms can also be modeled with unstructured tetrahedral mesh, most human models are voxel-based and Yee cells are more common in practical phantom modeling. According to the concentration of the NaCl solution, the conductivities of the numerical phantoms were 0.22 S/m, 0.44 S/m, and 0.66 S/m at 200 MHz respectively. The calculated B1 + intensity at the center of the phantoms was normalized to 5.87 μT (180 flip angle with a 2-ms rectangular pulse). The corresponding power deposition was obtained by integrating the electrical power from all Yee cells inside the phantom region at the normalized condition. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Fig. 3 shows the experimentally measured B1 + field map (a) and the simulated B1 + field map (b) inside the phantom with 75 mM NaCl. The field patterns are in good agreement. Results from experimentally measured and simulated RF power depositions inside the three different phantoms are shown in the Table. The results show that the simulated values are reasonably close to the experimentally measured results, especially for the phantoms with higher NaCl concentrations. The measured power absorption under experimental conditions was 35%, 28%, and 18% higher than the simulated data for phantoms 2, 3, and 4, respectively. These differences may be due to several factors. For example, accumulated errors in the measurement of peak-to-peak voltage and power attenuation of cables and the bi-directional coupler are inevitable. Also, conductivity in the real phantom and in the computer phantom models might not be identical. As shown in the Table, the relative power increases using the two methods are much closer to each other. Since the range of conductivities of the phantoms includes those of most human tissues at the same RF frequency, these preliminary results demonstrate that the RF power deposition calculated using numerical simulations is reasonably close to the measured power level, and thus provides additional evidence that this method can be used as a reliable reference for RF safety evaluations. REFERENCES 1. CM Collins et al. Magn Reson Med 2002;47:1026; 2. J Wang et al. Magn Reson Med 2002;48:362; 3. TS Ibrahim et al. Magn Reson Med 2005;54:683; 4. TS Ibrahim et al. NMR in Biomed 2007;20:58; 5. CM Collins et al. Magn Reson Med 1998;40:847; 6. Z Wang et al. J Magn Reson Imag 2007;26:437; 7. UD Nguyen et al. IEEE Tans Biomed Eng 2004;51:1301; 8. TS Ibrahim et al. J. Magn Reson Imag 2007;26:1362; 9. R. Stollberger et al. Magn Reson Med 1996;35:246. 10. S Wang et al. Phys. Med. Biol. 2008;53:2677. Phantom number 2 3 4 NaCl concentration (mM) 25 50 75 Conductivity (S/m) 0.22 0.44 0.66


A North America and Europe, there is a growing interest in improving student mental health and wellbeing within higher education settings (Byrd & McKinney, 2012; Goh & Chiu, 2009; Royal College of Psychiatrists, 2011; Storrie, Ahern & Tuckett, 2010). In response to survey findings indicating concerns regarding students' emotional, social and mental health (American College Health Association, 2008, 2010), many colleges and universities are beginning to explore what they can do to enhance mental health and wellbeing among their students (Association of University and Colleges of Canada; 2012; MacKean, 2011). Recent work in this area has recognized that treatment and intervention methods should be complemented by broader and more holistic approaches to supporting student wellbeing (Association of University and Colleges of Canada; 2012; Byrd & McKinney, 2012; MacKean, 2011; Royal College of Psychiatrists, 2011; Warwick, Maxwell, Simon, Statham & Aggleton, 2006), and there is therefore a growing need for tools and programmes that look beyond addressing individual symptoms in order to understand contextual and settingsbased impacts on student wellbeing. Because the principles and theoretical foundations of settings-based approaches to promoting health and wellbeing come from various different sources, there are a multitude of different terms that can be used to describe these. Some common terms include: campus ecology; whole school approaches; healthy settings; Health Promoting Universities and systemic approaches to campus mental health (Byrd & McKinney, 2012; Doherty & Dooris, 2006; MacKean, 2011; NAPSA, 2004; Rowe, Stewart & Patterson, 2007;Tsouros, Dowding, Thompson & Dooris, 1998; WHO, 2012). What these terms have in common is that they refer to initiatives that look beyond individual interventions, to consider what can be done systemically to create institutional and environmental conditions that support wellbeing. Simon Fraser University's (SFU) Health Promotion unit has adopted a systemic approach to health promotion which is modeled after the WHO Health Promoting University framework (Tsouros, et al., 1998; WHO, 2012). Through this work, theoretical understandings of systemic health promotion have been moved into action through the Healthy Campus Community Initiative. This initiative builds upon literature and best practice from workplace, elementary and secondary settings to impact wellbeing and student success systemically within higher education. There is growing evidence from workplace and school settings that describes how psychosocial factors within learning and working environments can impact wellbeing in addition to other outcomes such as learning, student satisfaction and retention (Bond, Butler, Thomas, Carlin, Glover, Bowes & Patton, 2007; Cohen, 2006; California Education Supports Project, n.d.; McNeely, Nonnemaker & Blum, 2002; Morrison & Kirby, 2010; Rowe et al., 2007; Samra, Gilbert, Shain, & Bilsker, 2012; Shochet, Dadds, Ham, & Montague, 2006). These environmental determinants have significant correlations with long term All authors are affiliated with Simon Fraser University in Canada. For communication, please email: firstname.lastname@example.com


Machine-learning phishing webpage detectors (ML-PWD) have been shown to suffer from adversarial manipulations of the HTML code of the input webpage. Nevertheless, the attacks recently proposed have demonstrated limited effectiveness due to their lack of optimizing the usage of the adopted manipulations, and they focus solely on specific elements of the HTML code. In this work, we overcome these limitations by first designing a novel set of fine-grained manipulations which allow to modify the HTML code of the input phishing webpage without compromising its maliciousness and visual appearance, i.e., the manipulations are functionality- and rendering-preserving by design. We then select which manipulations should be applied to bypass the target detector by a query-efficient black-box optimization algorithm. Our experiments show that our attacks are able to raze to the ground the performance of current state-of-the-art ML-PWD using just 30 queries, thus overcoming the weaker attacks developed in previous work, and enabling a much fairer robustness evaluation of ML-PWD.


According to the results of the investigation, it was proved that questioning in up-to-date conditions in right realization can give objective and reliable information on spreading of alcoholism, drug addiction, smoking and related problems among young generation.


it is expounded to apply feedback method in PE teaching, gain teaching information, and adjust teaching method in order to improve teaching quality.


The maximum clique problem (MCP) is to determine a complete subgraph of maximum cardinality in a graph. MCP is a fundamental problem in combinatorial optimization and is noticeable for its wide range of applications. In this paper, we present two branch-and-bound exact algorithms for finding a maximum clique in an undirected graph. Many efficient exact branch and bound maximum clique algorithms use approximate coloring to compute an upper bound on the clique number but, as a new pruning strategy, we show that local core numbers are more efficient. Moreover, instead of neighbors set of a vertex, our search area is restricted to a subset of the set in each subproblem which speeds up clique finding process. This subset is based on the core of the vertices of a given graph. We improved the MCQ and MaxCliqueDyn algorithms with respect to the new pruning strategy and search area restriction. Experimental results demonstrate that the improved algorithms outperform the previous well-known algorithms for many instances when applied to DIMACS benchmark and random graphs.


Coal mill and separator are key equipment to a boiler pulverizing system.Key criteria for coal mills mainly depend on the characters of the coal,including volatile content,water content,grindability coefficient,wear index,and fineness of pulverized coal.However,the selection of separator is based on mill type.The double-inlet/outlet primary air positive pressure direct blow pulverizing systems of the 2×600 MW USC boilers of Liaocheng Power Co.are equipped with dynamic and static separators.The selection of separator for ball mills with dual-in/out is introduced.Pulverizing system performance is analyzed preliminarily.


The actor represents only one of many elements of the theatre production. His creative space is sometimes perceived as limited by other components of staging, most often by stage direction. The actor can feel limited although all the other theatre instruments should help to his performance and actor´s performance should be part of them.


It is common to model the distribution of words in text by measures such as the Poisson approximation. However, these measures ignore effects such as clustering: our analysis of document collections demonstrates that the Poisson approximation can significantly overestimate the probability that a document contains a word. Based on our analysis, we propose a new model for distribution of words in text, and show how this model can be used to estimate the probability that a document contains a word and the number of distinct words in a document. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


This paper analyzes the power relations in the Captaincy of Sao Jose do Piaui, as well as strategies for establishing a local political power. To do so, exposes the contrast between the configuration of stockyard's society, since the end of the century XXVII, and the context of the government's installation of the captaincy, in the second half of the eighteenth century. It is considered one of the oldest documents in the history of Piaui: a Description of the Piaui's hinterland, written by priest Miguel de Carvalho in 1697. Then, from documents produced in the sphere of colonial administration, seeking to investigate the strategies adopted in the formation of a local elite that served the purposes of the metropolis. Among these strategies, we highlight the economic benefits and social prestige as important elements  that have come to mediate power relations.


The friction stir welding (FSW) is a dynamically developing version of the pressure welding processes. Nowadays, the knowing of the properties and the behaviour of the welded joints is an important direction of the investigations, especially under cyclic loading. The research work aimed (i) to demonstrate the behaviour of the FSW welded joints under cyclic loading conditions; (ii) to confirm the applicability of the used friction welding technology. Experiments were performed on 5754-H22 aluminium alloy and its welded joints; both high cycle fatigue (HCF) and fatigue crack propagation (FCG) tests were executed. HCF limit curves were determined based on staircase method. Statistical behaviour of the base material and the welded joints under FCG was represented by the cutting of the specimens, in other words by the using of different crack paths. FCG limit curves can be determined by own developed six step method. The investigations and their results were compared with each other and with the results can be found in the literature.


The behavior of the flying fish spawners was studied through the catch per operation of three purse seine boats in the fishing ground off Hamada, Shimane Prefecture, in late June, 1967. 1. The fishing ground is formed in the coastal area within 2km from the shore with the depth of 10-30m of sandy bottom. 2. The frequency distribution of mean catch is exponential and the coefficients of variation in catch are larger than those of drift nets, indicating that the purse seine is an unstable fishing method. 3. It is seemed that the flying fish are distributed evenly near the surface during the time of 1 to 3pm, while they actively form schools around 4pm and begin to go to the bottom around 8pm. 4. The behavior of the flying fish is seemed to be controlled by luminance in the sea. The school formation becomes vigorous when the light intensity falls to about 5000lux and ends as it drops below 1000lux. The dense schools move toward the sea bottom at the time of weak luminance of several lux.


The invention discloses a Jinsi Namu veneer. The Jinsi Namu veneer comprises scratch-resistant finishing coat on the uppermost layer, a base plate on the intermediate layer, and a transparent putty layer on the lowest layer, wherein the scratch-resistant finishing coat is made from polyurethane acrylate; the base plate is a Jinsi Namu plate; the transparent putty layer is made from resin paint; the polyurethane acrylate accounts for 11-17 percent of the Jinsi Namu veneer in the total weight; the Jinsi Namu plate accounts for 53-60 percent of the Jinsi Namu veneer in the total weight; and the resin paint accounts for 23-33 percent of the silkwood veneer in the total weight. The Jinsi Namu veneer provided by the invention has the advantages of environment friendliness, no toxicity, no pungent smell, high closure property, high transparency, high adhesive force and polishing simplicity.


The sandwich-type Na6[Fe4(H2O)2(AsW9O34)2]·20H2O (1) and Na10[Co4(H2O)2(AsW9O34)2]·25H2O (2) complexes were prepared and investigated through spectroscopic (FT–IR, UV–VIS, ESR) methods and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The stretching vibration νas( W–Oc–W ) band is shifted in the IR spectra with 13 cm -1 and 12 cm -1 for (1) and (2) respectively, towards higher energies comparative to the Na9[AsW9O34]·11H2O ligand spectrum due to the involvement of the oxygen atoms at the coordination metallic ions. The opposite shift of νas(W–Oe–W) and νas(W–Oc–W) vibrations bands shows the coordination of each metallic ion at oxygen atoms from the belt region. The UV electronic spectra of the sandwich-type complex and of the ligand contain two bands characteristic for the ligand to metal change transfer in the heteropolyoxometalates frame. The more intense band corresponding to the pπ(Ot) → dπ*(W) transitions is centred at 49100 cm -1 (L), 49150 cm -1 (1) and 49300 cm -1 (2). This is in agreement with the coordination of the Co (II) and Fe (III) ions in the lacunary region of the ligand and not to the terminal oxygen atoms. The Gaussian deconvolution of the visible spectrum for complex (1) in aqueous solution shows the presence of a band centered at 29340 cm −1 assigned to the 6 A1g(S) → 4 Eg(D) transition for the Fe (III) ions in Oh distorted symmetry. Information about the local environment of Co (II) ions have been obtained by means of d–d transitions from the visible electronic spectrum performed in aqueous solution. Two bands of the Co complexes, at 16000 cm -1 and 19400 cm -1 are assigned to 4 A2g(F)→ 4 T1g(F) (υ2) and 4 T1g(F)→ 4 T1g(P) (υ3) transitions. The ESR spectrum of complex (1) shows the antiferromagnetic coupling of Fe (III) ions and the octahedral local symmetry around the metallic ions. The ESR spectrum of the Co complex obtained at T= 80 K contain a single very large signal centered at 3250 G. The linewidth of the signal indicate the presence of the coupling between the chrome ions and the almost isotropic shape of this is due to a higher symmetry (Oh) around the Co (II) ions. In the temperature range 77 – 290 K the molar magnetic susceptibility follows a Curie – Weiss behavior. The obtained effective magnetic moment are μeff = 9.51 μB for (1) and μeff =7.88 μB for (2), the value of Curie constant being θ = –15.1 K (1) respectively –7.0 K (2).


The invention, and by controlled cooling after shaping by hot forging, and the re-heating after even if subjected to crude treatment of quenched and tempered, and Steel subject tissue and maten Xi Trojan, high strength and high toughness, and machinability with excellent steel part the obtained hot forging non-adjustable vaginal cavity, and to provide a hot forged non-adjustable vaginal cavity parts made of the steel, by mass%, C: 0.10 to 0.20%, Si: 0.10 to 0.50%, Mn: 1.0 to 3.0%, P: 0.001 to 0.1%, S: 0.005 to 0.80%, Cr: 0.10 to 1.50%, Al: 0.1 than to 0.20%, N: to 0.0020 to contain 0.0080%, the additional balance substantially being Fe and unavoidable impurities maten Xi teuhyeong hot forging vaginal non-adjustable, and is composed of these steel, the steel structure of the entire cross-section of the part or all of the components is substantially the effective crystal grain size is less than that 15㎛ Martensite is a hot forged part, characterized in that non-adjustable vaginal tissue Maten Xi teuhyeong hot forging non - vaginal, machinability, Ken chingseong, effective grain hire Al


ABSTRACT: It is important to execute analysis that contribute to a greater understanding of our domestic economy. Thereby, this work intends to understand its behavior and trajectory of the electronic industry sector in the Brazilian economy in last decade. For that, we used microdata collected in the Pesquisa Industrial Anual (PIA) with intention of tracing fundamental characteristics and trends of the division over the years. The theoretical reference proposes innovation and technological progress as a stimulating for the progress of the sector, briefly visits the introduction of the computer industry in Brazil and the policies carried out with the purpose of promoting the division. In addition, transformation industry was compared the sector 26. Therefore, we demonstrate an apparent deceleration in the division, based on the negative impact of the politics and economics disturbance that occurred in the decade under analysis. The reduction in the number of registered companies, employed people and the profit margin rate, the increase in stocks and costs incurred in the sector evidenced this fact. Finally, the generation of income at the level of the analyzed groups stands out, which was responsible for the performance obtained by health-related equipment and materials, which have greater technological complexity and a higher degree of added value.
KEYWORDS: electronic sector, sector 26, industrial performance and transformation industry.


The studies of colour reconnection in e+e- -> WW -> 4 jets events at LEP are reviewed. It is shown that the analysis of the particle- and energy flow between jets is sensitive to realistic model predictions. The effects on the W mass measurement are discussed.


Induced currents on an overhead line due to a natural lightning with a strike distance of 20 m and a triggered lightning with a strike distance of 8 m were analyzed in time domain, frequency domain, and time–frequency domain, respectively. The results indicated that the energy peak of most currents lagged far behind its time-domain peak. The arrival time of different frequency components of the induced currents varies nonmonotonically with respect to frequency, especially that of the currents caused by the natural lightning. The energy of the highest frequency component is not necessarily the strongest. When it occurs earlier than the time-domain current peak, the protection measures designed by referring the time-domain threshold voltage may not start as expected, and accidental damage that may be incurred owing to that energy in the higher frequency band is more easily coupled to the terminal. Compared with the natural lightning, the smaller time delay between current peak and its energy maxima is yielded in the triggered lightning, as well as the shorter duration time of both time-domain current profile and energy distribution. Additionally, the consistency among currents induced by the triggered lightning is better than that excited by the natural lightning.


Dave Abecunas, FMSC, USA, considers the importance of design management to improve organisation and reliability in the installation and maintenance of plant equipment.


ABSTRACT In order to simulate the runtime behaviour of coupler and buffer systems accurately, the dynamic model was improved by adopting the polygonal contact model. And the reliability of the friction phenomenon in flat-pin coupler's tail and the connecting constraint between coupler heads were verified. Then the detailed model which fully considered the dynamic characteristics of middle locomotive and its adjacent wagons was incorporated into the simplified longitudinal dynamic model of combined heavy-haul train. The dynamic response of coupler and its influence on the running safety of locomotive under flat straight line emergency braking condition and long steep grade cycle braking condition were simulated respectively. According to the simulation results, the following suggestions were proposed: flat-pin coupler is more suitable for heavy-haul locomotive, but the inspection work on the friction surface of coupler tail needs to be strengthened; and the vertical anti-off stopping device should be added to avoid the occurrence of decoupling accidents.


Dorstenia spp. are characterized by a herbaceous habit, the presence of rhizomes and inflorescences being coenanthia. They occur in different forest formations, and it is believed that there are two distribution centres for Dorstenia, one Palaeotropical (Africa) and one Neotropical (Central and South America). The present study aimed to undertake a comparative analysis of the karyotype diversity of Dorstenia, based on chromosome data and DNA C values of 13 Neotropical species, and an analysis of low-coverage genomic sequencing of three African and one Neotropical species. The most frequent chromosome number is 2n = 32, with variations for 2n = 28 and 30, suggesting an important role of polyploidy in the karyotype differentiation of Dorstenia. Karyotypes varied in the number of metacentric, submetacentric and acrocentric chromosomes, with evidence of rearrangements. Genome sizes (C values) varied almost two-fold, from 2C = 2.50 to 5.47 pg. There was no clear relationship between DNA C value variations and karyotype features, such as chromosome numbers and distribution of CMA/DAPI bands or rDNA sites. Proximal heterochromatin was most frequent, but CMA+ and DAPI+ bands predominated in relation to DAPI+ bands. 5S and 35S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sites were also observed in the proximal regions in almost all species. Based on a chromosome modelling approach, our data suggest that dysploidy events may have been responsible for the chromosome number variations, whereas rearrangements involving repetitive fractions may have been associated with changes in genome size. There was great variability in the amount of rDNA between species, including a remarkable 5S rDNA amplification in D. bahiensis, and a diversity of transposable elements in the four genomes with genomic sequence data. The combination of data from karyotypes, genomes and phylogeny suggests that dysploidy has played a predominant role in the evolution of Neotropical Dorstenia spp.


Background. Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia (CML) can be effectively treated with the first generation Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor (TKI) Imatinib, and more effectively with the second generation TKI, like Nilotinib. However, despite the deeper and faster responses induced by nilotinib in a large proportion of patients, the possible eradication of the pathological stem cells is not yet clearly elucidated. In fact, in vitro data suggest that quiescent stem cells are not sensitive to Bcr/Abl inhibition (Corbin AS, et al 2011; Hamilton A, et al 2012). A preliminary in-vivo study (Defina M, et al 2012) shows that in patients in CCyR even after short-term of nilotinib therapy, residual leukemic progenitors are rarely detected. Methods. On behalf of Rete Ematologica Lombarda (REL), Italy, we designed a single arm prospectic study, PhilosoPhi34 (EudraCT: 2012-005062-34), with the aim to investigate the efficacy of nilotinib 300 mg BID in obtaining the disappearance of Bone Marrow (BM) leukemic stem cells (CD34+/lin-Ph+) in newly diagnosed CP-CML. Primary objective of the study: to enumerate the BM CD34+/lin-Ph+ cells at the end of 6 months of treatment. Secondary objectives: to enumerate the BM CD34+/lin-Ph+ cells at 3 and 12 months; to assess the percentage of patients showing MR ≤10% IS at 3 months and MR ≤1% IS at 6 months and the MMR IS and MR4.5 IS by 3, 6 and 12 months of treatment. BM blood samples (range of 5-20 ml) were collected at diagnosis and after 3, 6 and 12 months of nilotinib treatment. BM mononuclear cells were purified by density gradient centrifugation and then CD34+/lin- cells were isolated using Diamond CD34 Isolation Kit (Miltenyi Biotec). The purity of CD34+/lin- cells was about 97% as determined by flow cytometry. BM CD34+/lin- cells were counted and a range of 100,000-800,000 has been noted at diagnosis. After the treatment we observed that the number of CD34+/lin- cells dramatically decreased after 3 (1,000-600,000), 6 (1,000-260,000) and 12 months (100-130,000). In particular, CD34+/lin- cells were even less than 1000 at 12 month of treatment. In order to verify the disappearance of leukemic stem cells, isolated CD34+/lin- cells were tested by standard FISH (i.e. to categorize a sample as negative at least 200 nucleus were examined). From April 2013 and June 2015 we enrolled 87 pts, as for protocol. We report here the preliminary results. Results. Of 56 patients in CCyR after 6 months of treatment, FISH performed on BM CD34+/lin- cells nuclei was evaluable in 51 cases (5 negative cases were excluded because of less than 200 nucleus were analysed). In 4 out of 51 patients (7.8%), Ph+ nuclei were detected. The Sokal score of these 4 patients was 1 low, 2 intermediate and 1 high risk with a ratio (positive nuclei/total nuclei) of 295/300, 1/200, 2/92, 3/300, respectively. Among 58 patients tested at 3 months and 44 tested at 12 months of treatment, the number of evaluable patients was 48 and 37, respectively; 8/48 (16.6%) and 0/37 (0%) patients showed Ph+ nuclei. Only 2 out of 8 positive patients had a high Sokal score. Regarding efficacy of treatment, Table 1 summarizes the MRs IS observed after 3, 6 and 12 months of treatment in 71, 57 and 41 patients, respectively. Conclusion. Data of this prospective study confirms that nilotinib 300 mg BID, rapidly and progressively induces the clearance of BM CD34+/lin-Ph+ cells in CP-CML patients. In particular, on CD34+/lin- cells, after 6 months of treatment, only 7.8% of patients showed positive nuclei. On 37 patients after 12 months of treatment, no positive nuclei were detected. So far, the kinetic of reduction of such cells seems not influenced by Sokal score. According to international studies, PhilosoPhi34 shows a very high efficacy of Nilotinib to induce MRs in CP-CML patients, at the standard time points. UD: undetectable We acknowledge all REL Colleagues for their collaboration and Novartis SpA for the partial financial support to the study. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


Axial mode control in a gyrotron oscillator is accomplished by injection of an external signal into the oscillator. The mechanism by which the selection technique works is that of priming, where the injected signal is required only during the early stages of the oscillation buildup. Like phase priming, mode control can be obtained with an external signal power level nearly 40 dB below the oscillator power (with an external frequency close to that of the operating mode). It is found that the external signal can select a mode when the free gyrotron is in a region of 1) pulse-to-pulse mode skipping 2) stable single-mode operation or 3) bistable operation. Mode control is used as a diagnostic to study the coupling of an electromagnetic wave to the electron beam via electron cyclotron resonance absorption. It is found that the external electromagnetic signal couples best when launched as a right hand circularly polarized wave.


The invention discloses a creep-resistant and corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy conductor. The creep-resistant and corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy conductor comprises, by weight, 0.03-0.15% of Si, 0.01-0.25% of Cu, 0.02-0.45% of Zr, 0.3-0.9% of Fe, 0.001-0.012% of Mg, 0.001-0.015% of B, 0.03-0.20% of rare earth elements, the balance aluminum and the balance inevitable impurities. The creep-resistant and corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy conductor has the advantages that the conductivity of the aluminum alloy conductor material can reach 61.9% IACS (international annealed copper standard), the tensile strength of the aluminum alloy conductor material can reach 126MPa, the breaking elongation of the aluminum alloy conductor material can reach 15.6%, and the creep-resistant and corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy conductor is excellent in electrical conductivity, flexibility, corrosion resistance and creep resistance.


An automated enzyme assay, which combines ease and speed of operation with high accuracy and reproducibility, was used to investigate activities and inhibition properties of acetylcholinesterases from susceptible and resistant strains of Spodoptera littoralis Boisduval and Musca domestica L . The resistant races of both species were found to contain modified target enzymes characterized by increases in Km and Vmax, and by a decrease in sensitivity against organophosphorus and, to a lesser extent, carbamate insecticides. The different biochemical properties of acetylcholine sterases from susceptible and resistant individuals provide an opportunity for monitoring insect populations before, under, or after selection pressure for frequencies of genes associated with an insensitive target enzyme.


The shoulder is a unique anatomical structure with a complex range of motion that allows us to function effectively in our environment. Frozen shoulder is a disabling disorder involving glenohumeral pain and loss of motion. The pain and restricted movement associated with frozen shoulder affect patient's functionality making therapeutic intervention Abstract: Shoulder disorders such as frozen shoulder have constituted a major disability and apprehension among the sufferers. This gives rise to the need to understand the underlying causes and management of the disorder. Although, findings from literature are inconclusive, shortwave diathermy and supervised active exercises have been recorded to be effective in the management of frozen shoulder. Mrs. B. is a 54year old woman who was diagnosed of (L) frozen shoulder and presented at physiotherapy clinic (out-patient department) for physiotherapy. Prior to the diagnosis, she presented with four months' history of painful and restricted active and passive glenohumeral joint range of motion. The range of motion of the (L) shoulder was limited in all direct ions on examination. Shortwave diathermy and supervised active exercises were introduced after thorough examination. After six weeks of shortwave diathermy and supervised active exercises, patient recorded a remarkable improvement in pain and range of motion of the (L) shoulder. Findings from this study showed that shortwave diathermy and supervised active exercises are effective in the management of frozen shoulder as they showed a remarkable improvement in pain and range of motion after six weeks of both therapies. Other studies have also recorded the effectiveness of shortwave diathermy and supervised active exercises in the management of frozen shoulder. Supervised active exercises help to increase the range of motion and relieve pain while shortwave diathermy relieves pain and improves tissue extensibility. The preference for shortwave diathermy over other electrotherapy modalities in this study is because it is effective in management of deep rooted pains and it covers a large area of skin. The study showed that shortwave diathermy and supervised active exercises increase the rate of frozen shoulder resolution. However, a wider study involving many patients should be carried out to further ascertain the efficacy of shortwave diathermy and supervised active exercises in the management of frozen shoulder as used in this study as the outcome on one patient may not be adequate to generalize their effectiveness to the wider population. Lastly, emphasis should be laid on the use of active exercises as preventive measures rather than treatment in the management of frozen shoulder.


This research arose through the reflection on the inequalities suffered in the territorial experiences by the LGBTQ+ population, who, in addition to the aggressions in general, face the restriction of the right to express themselves in the urban space. LGBTQphobia ends up promoting a process of choosing urban spaces conducive to the free exercise of their conditions of existence, including for leisure. Given this observation, this work sought to understand and identify which physical, spatial, cultural and symbolic characteristics make some spaces more welcoming than others for the LGBTQ+ population. The research field was Antenor Navarro and São Frei Pedro Gonçalves Square, in João Pessoa, Paraiba, identified as central to LGBTQ+ sociability. The results were represented in sensitive urban cartography, Santiago Cao (2018), and points out the need to think http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/SIIU.10217 XIISIIU2020 about the city considering the multiplicity of human interests, preserving freedom and seeking a democratic urban development in public spaces.


T-cell reconstitution is delayed by acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease (aGVHD) during allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Here, we analyzed transcriptional programs of cell-sorted circulating lymphoid progenitors and CD34+Lin-CD10- non lymphoid progenitors in 12 allo-HSCT patients having (n=4) or not developed (n=8) grade 2 aGVHD and in 4 age-matched healthy donors. Gene expression was quantified on the GeneChip HG u133 plus 2.0. Pathway analyses were performed with KEGG, GSEA and DAVID. Major deregulated pathways included protein synthesis, energy production, cell cycle regulation and response to stress. Notably, Genes from ribosome protein biogenesis, translation machinery (EEF1D, EEF1G, EIF3K) and cell cycle (CCND1, CDK6) were over-expressed in progenitors from patients without aGVHD compared with those from patients affected by aGVHD and from healthy donors. Expressions of genes from the oxidative phosphorylation metabolic pathway (NDUFS2, SDHA, ATP5A1) and genes involved in stress resistance (BTG2, MGST3, HPX) were specifically increased in CD34+Lin-CD10+CD24- lymphoid progenitors from patients without aGVHD. In all, we show that circulating lymphoid T-cell progenitors undergo profound changes in metabolism favoring energy production and response to stress after allo-HSCT in humans. These mechanisms are abolished in case of aGVHD, indicating a persistent cell-intrinsic defect in addition to the impact of aGVHD on the bone marrow environment.


This research consider a project scheduling problem with the object of minimizing weighted earliness-tardiness penalty costs, subject to precedence relations among the activities and resource-constrained. Project activities are assumed to have a known deterministic due date, a unit earliness as well as a unit tardiness penalty cost and constant renewable resource requirements. The objective is to schedule the activities in order to minimize the total weighted earliness–tardiness penalty cost of the project subject to the finish–start precedence constraints and the constant renewable resource availability constraints. With these features the problem becomes highly attractive in just-in-time environments. A genetic algorithm (GA) is proposed to solve this model. In addition design of experiments and response surface methodology are employed to tune the GA parameters and to evaluate the performance of the proposed method in 270 test problems. The results of the performance analysis will be shown at the end of this paper.


The globalization process determined significant changes in Romania's occupational structure: new professions appeared and, one the other hand, the contents of many others underwent changes. Inside different fields of activity some professions became more required, others become absolute and disappeared. In order to decide on an education necessity one has to answer the question "What and who do we organize a certain educational process or system for and why do we organize it in a certain way and not otherwise?". In order to decide on an education necessity one must also answer the question "What social problems does the educational process or system we devised solve?". The problem of lifelong in-service training is important for supporting the workforce change, being the main instrument it uses in order to adjust to the new requirements, this enabling its nobility among different fields of activity.


Provided are: a negative-type photosensitive resin composition capable of forming a pattern having favorable adhesiveness at a low light exposure; a pattern forming method using the negative-type photosensitive resin composition; a cured film, an insulating film, and a color filter formed using the negative-type photosensitive resin composition; and a display device provided with the cured film, insulating film, or color filter. The negative-type photosensitive resin composition according to the present invention contains a compound represented by the following formula (1). In the formula, R1 and R2 each independently indicate a hydrogen atom or an organic group, but at least one indicates an organic group. R1 and R2 may be bonded to form a ring structure and may contain a hetero atom bond. R 3 indicates a single bond or an organic group. R4 to R9 each independently indicate a hydrogen atom, an organic group, etc., but R6 and R7 are never hydroxyl groups. R10 indicates a hydrogen atom or an organic group.


The present invention provides 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropane (HCFC-244bb) an improved process for producing, by 2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (HCFO-1233xf) and hydrogen fluoride in the form of a liquid phase reaction in the presence of hydrogen chloride and a liquid phase fluorination catalyst. The hydrogen chloride at about 100psig pressure or higher from an external source is added to the reaction. The HCFC-244bb production of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene is -1 (HFO-1234yf) intermediates.


The USDA Forest Service and Colorado State University cooperatively developed a portable bedload sampler designed to collect representative samples of gravel and cobble-bedload in wadeable mountain streams. Sampling results obtained from bedload traps are generally different from those obtained from Helley-Smith samplers. Bedload trap rating curves and competence curves are significantly steeper and have higher exponents than similar curves derived from Helley-Smith data. The observed differences have implications for computations of annual load, effective discharge, and critical flows for incipient motion and refine our understanding of coarse bedload transport in mountain streams.


The present invention, tetra-phenols substituted structure, especially relates to the synthesis of meta-substituted xylene. The tetra phenol species structures, organic phosphorus compounds, are converted in particular into organophosphite. Furthermore, the object of the present invention has a transition metal with the organic phosphorus compound, a preparation of a composition for catalysis. Furthermore, the subject of the present invention, the composition to catalyze, for example HCN, CO, is used in the chemical reaction with small molecules such as hydrogen and an amine.


The enthusiasm of Chinese leaders for renewable energy is infused with a pragmatic variant of techno-nationalist ideology. In keeping with this outlook, Beijing supports Chinese wind and solar firms, but it typically proves flexible when important economic partners challenge such policies.


The transverse joints of box girders with steel deck plates are joined with the three connection methods of (1) bolted connection, (2) welding connection and (3) bolted and welding connection. The work procedure of bolted and welding connection is as follows: 1st step - all bolts in the lower flange and the bolts in the second third of the lower part of the web are tightened. 2Nd step - the deck is welded. 3Rd step - the bolts in the first-third of the upper part of the web are tightened. This method is superior not only to bolted connection, in water resistance and flatness of the asphalt pavement, but also to welding connection as regards protection from deformation by welding. This method, however, causes residual stress and angular deformation around the joints, so it becomes very difficult to keep the alignment to the designed shape. In order to amend these defects, we propose a new connecting method for the joints of the box girder with steel deck plate bridge. This involves welding the joints of the deck plate, and then tightening the web and the lower flange by bolts. We proved through experiment that this new method is applicable to the erection of these bridges (a).


Background. Assessment of corneal tissue quality before graft is mainly based upon the determination of endothelial cell density (ECD) by eye banks. These cells are responsible for corneal transparency, and ECD correlates with graft survival. In France and often elsewhere in Europe, ECD is measured using a "naked-eye" procedure under a light microscope. To measure objectively the reliability of ECD determination in France, we developed four test corneas with a known ECD. Methods. The test corneas consisted of 1 mm2 of human corneal endothelium with stained cell borders. The 64 technicians of the 21 French eye banks counted according to the protocol applied in their respective centers. Results. More than half of the 256 counts (152, 59%) deviated by more than 10% from actual ECD. Of the counts, 85 (33%) were over-estimated, and 67 (26%) were under-estimated. Deviation ranged between 42% under-estimation and 82% over-estimation. Eight banks (38%) constantly over-estimated, and nine (43%) under-estimated ECD. Half of the inter-technician gaps within an eye bank were more than 10%, with a maximum of 51%. Conclusions. This audit highlights the unacceptable lack of reliability of manual ECD assessment in French eye banks. This surely indicates the delivery of poor quality corneas for graft in certain centers and wastage in others. We urgently advocate normalization of French counting methods. This may require upgrading to a computer-aided method.