To the emergence and development of EDA technology as a starting point,analysis of the significance of setting EDA courses by the modern university electronic information Majors,expressed as: the design concepts,methodologies and automation process of EDA technology,enabling designers to greatly improve the efficiency;and in research,teaching,manufacturing and other fields have played a huge role.The actual teaching as a starting point for the course with new content and applications and other characteristics,discussed the reform of teaching of EDA.Proposed to adopt a practical understanding of the law according to the principle of reasonable arrangements for teaching content,and capacity-building for the purpose,flexible,using a variety of teaching methods,so that the applied disciplines can truly cultivate the recommendations of application-oriented talents.


Abstract Case report - Introduction A 42-year-old pathologist presented with a 1-week history of muscle pain and subjective weakness. CK level on 2 occasions was >3000. The patient was systemically well with no past medical history, medication, or foreign travel. He had 1-day history of shivering with no recorded pyrexia. He reported pain in his proximal muscles and neck and subjective muscle weakness and lack of finger dexterity with no objective findings. Case report - Case description Autoantibody panel and inflammatory markers were performed which were normal. Full blood count with differential white cell count including eosinophils was normal. There was a modest rise in transaminases. Myositis panel was negative. Full viral screen was positive for parechovirus with titre of 30 on several samples. MRI proximal musculature showed increased fluid signal in the perifascial region of both thighs primarily involving the hamstrings, not definitive for myositis but suggestive of fasciitis. Case report - Discussion Parechovirus is a picornavirus, often causing mild gastrointestinal or respiratory illness but has been associated with epidemic myalgia and myositis during outbreaks of parechovirus in a Japanese population. The patient improved spontaneously with CK reduced to 187 and improved symptoms after 1 week. We expect a good outcome and will review on patient's request if necessary. Case report - Key learning points Parechovirus can cause myofasciitis which is usually mild and self-limiting. It can be associated with elevated CK, transaminases and MRI findings and can be confirmed on respiratory viral swab.


Our understanding of stellar explosions like novae and X-ray bursts is limited in large part by the dearth of experimental information on resonant states in proton-rich nuclei that govern nuclear reaction rates affecting energy production and nucleosynthesis. The Array for Nuclear Astrophysics Studies with Exotic Nuclei is a charged-particle detector array that is being used to measure (alpha,p) and proton scattering reactions to improve our understanding of the nuclear reaction rates important in stellar explosions. Results from the first experiments using ANASEN with beams of radioactive nuclei from the RESOLUT facility at Florida State University will be presented. Plans for experiments with ANASEN at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory will also be presented, along with the development of the Separator for Capture Reactions (SECAR) that will enable measurements of proton capture reactions using low energy beams of radioactive nuclei.


Seldom have Latino/a representatives possessed the power of agenda control as chairs of congressional committees and subcommittees. The following analysis explores whether, in these rare circumstances, Latino chairs use their institutional authority to direct attention toward topics associated with Latino priorities. We examined the policy topics addressed in all hearings held between 1979 and 2006 (96th-110th Congress) by the subcommittees and full committees where at least one Latino served as a committee or subcommittee chair during the period. Utilizing data from the Policy Agendas Project and the Congressional Directory, we use negative binomial regression to determine whether committees and subcommittees chaired by Latino representatives held more hearings in topic areas that include issues prioritized by Latinos (including discrimination, voting rights, migrant and seasonal workers, farm labor, immigration issues, the education of under privileged students, and social welfare programs). While our analyses provide no evidence that the ethnicity of chairs alone significantly impacted numbers of hearings on topics associated with Latino priorities, we did find that committees chaired by Latinas held more such hearings, and that the party of Latino chairs also significantly impacted numbers of hearings on topics associated with Latino priorities. These findings support theories that party substantially influences the agenda setting behaviors of chairs, and thus the impact of descriptive representation on agenda setting. They also lend support to arguments that the intersectional impact of ethnicity and gender influence substantive representation.


The "boycott" is normally associated with the Arab boycott of Israel. The U.S. anti-boycott laws and regulations, however, cover any international boycott not sponsored by U.S. law. According to the Department of Commerce, there are at least 90 countries boycotting at least one country. For example, China and Pakistan boycott Taiwan; Taiwan boycotts all communist countries; Honduras boycotts El Salvador; Indonesia boycotts Angola; several countries boycott Rhodesia and South Africa; India boycotts Nepal, etc. For the most part these boycotts are primary boycotts, i.e., trade embargoes between the countries involved. The U.S. anti-boycott laws do not attempt to restrict primary boycotts. They are concerned with secondary and tertiary boycotts, which the Arab boycott involves. It is clear, therefore, that the predominant interest, application and objective of the U.S. laws are the Arab boycott of Israel. To better understand the application of the U.S. anti-boycott laws, it is helpful to first consider the Arab boycott.


Background:  Budesonide/formoterol (Symbicort®) Maintenance and Reliever Therapy (SMART) is an effective asthma‐management approach that treats symptoms with rapid increases in budesonide/formoterol. The cost‐effectiveness of SMART vs higher fixed‐dose budesonide/formoterol or salmeterol/fluticasone is unknown.


This essay aims to illustrate the reasons why both Paul Deussen and Eduard von Hartmann, who in the ethical part of their philosophies refer, albeit critically to Schopenhauer, give little space to an important section of the Parerga and paralipomena , or to the well-known Aphorisms on wisdom of life.


smooth and soft (Figure 1). Over time, the skin may develop an irregular appearance (sometimes referred to as the 'mattress phenom-enon') and small masses of fat (subcutaneous nodules) may develop (stage II). Patients with stage III lipedema develop tender bulging protrusions of fat which may make walking difficult.


As a metropolitan city, Surabaya has a population of 2,971,300 people, consisting of 1,474,330 people (49.62%) men and 1,496,970 people (50.38%) women. This number causes the complexity of population administration service problems (Adminduk). The crucial problem is the discrepancy between de facto data and de jure data, caused by the high mobility of changes in population data due to births, deaths, in-migration and out-migration. The Adminduk Awareness Community Environmental Area Program (abbreviated: Kalimasada) is here to solve this problem. This study aims to: (1) determine the public's response to the Kalimasada program; (2) knowing the contribution of the Kalimasada program to data updating; (3) knowing the benefits received by universities in implementing the Independent Learning Campus Merdeka (MBKM). The method used in this research is: systematic review with a qualitative approach, namely Meta-Ethnography. Systematic review is used to identify, evaluate and interpret all research results that are relevant to the research objectives. The results of this study indicate that the collaboration between the Kalimasada and MBKM-A programs has very good prospects, which is corroborated by the data: (1) the public gave a positive response to this program (community, head of RT, village apparatus, sub-district head); (2) in each RT, there is an increase in updating population data; (3) Universities that are willing to collaborate are always increasing, and state that this program is very helpful in achieving the effectiveness of the MBKM program on their campus.


A recent fMRI-study showed that depressed patients had an abnormal activation of the medial prefrontal cortex (Figure 1; Lemogne et al. 2009). During this study, subjects had to judge whether personality traits described them or not (i.e. 'Am I selfish?'), or whether it described a generally desirable trait or not (i.e. 'Is it good or bad to be greedy?'). The dysfunction of the medial prefrontal region may explain specific complaints of depressed patients such as self-blame, rumination and feeling of guilt.


OBJECTIVE To understand the dietary and health in university students,and provide reference for guiding the reasonable dietary in university students.METHODS The selected students were investigated with questionnaire about their height and weight,and we calculated the BMI,and detected the content of hemoglobin.The FFQ was used to investigate the dietary among students,and gave score to them to classify the style of dietary.The weight,anemia and dietary style were assessed among students.RESULTS Among 320 students,there were 4.38% of the students showed abnormal BMI,including 3.44% of them with low weight,0.63% with overweight,and 0.31% with obesity.There was no significant difference between the males and females(χ2 = 0.78,P﹥0.05).The students with anemia accounted for 4.06%,light anemia accounted for 2.81%,and moderate anemia accounted for 1.25%,the proportion of anemia in females was significantly higher than males(χ2 = 6.68,P﹤0.05).Only 6.88% of the students showed better dietary style,and 20.19% of them showed health dietary style,and 65.94% of them showed poor dietary style.There was a significant difference in the dietary style between males and females.The females showed better dietary style than males(χ2 = 13.77,P﹤0.01).CONCLUSION There are still many problems of dietary style among students.We should improve the knowledge about dietary among university students,change the wrong attitude about dietary and monitor the student to take right dietary habits.


Composite membranes were prepared by the interfacial condensation of water-soluble diamines with an organic solvent (dichloromethane)-soluble dicarbomethoxy terephthaloyl chloride or carbomethoxy terephthaloyl chloride on top of a porous aluminum oxide support. The morphology of skin on the composite membranes is different in the two different procedures. The polyimide composite membranes with 40-times coatings provide a high gas permeation rate of oxygen and good permselectivity [a(0 2 /N 2 )]. The composite membrane with the polyimides skin at 40-times coatings had a gas permeation rate of oxygen range from 83 X 10 -5 to 130 X 10 -5 cm 3 (STP) s -1 cm -2 cmHg -1 , and a permselectivity [α(0 2 /N 2 )] range of 3.57 to 5.60. The composite membrane with poly(amide-imide)s skin at 40-times coatings had a gas permeation rate of oxygen range from 102 x 10 -5 to 146 x 10 -5 cm 3 (STP) s -1 cm -2 cmHg -1 , and the permselectivity (α(O 2 /N 2 )) range from 3.20 to 4.96.


Abstract Objectives: to elaborate and analyze the psychometric properties of a questionnaire to assess among pregnant women's knowledge about toxoplasmosis. Methods: methodological study elaborating an instrument conducted in the north of Minas Gerais in 2019. The steps followed were: 1. Elaboration of the questionnaire items based on medical literature available in indexed databases. 2. Content validation. 3. Apparent validation. 4. Construct validation with hypothesis testing after the application of the questionnaire and comparison of the mean scores using the Mann-Whitney U test. 5. Reliability analysis with internal consistency analysis and test-retest. Results: the final instrument consisted of 26 items. Content validation reached 90% agreement among experts. The hypothesis test found a significant diference among the scores of the groups evaluated (p<0.001). Cronbach's alpha found a value of 0.84 and the test-retest showed an intra-class correlation index of 0.78 (p<0.001). Conclusions: the instrument elaborated proved to be valid and reliable and could be used to assess among pregnant women's knowledge about toxoplasmosis and, therefore, guiding to the educational and preventive measures.


Traditional pewter craft in Malaysia has a development history of more than 100 years and achieved success in the modern market, compared to the recession in the original countries of traditional pewter manufacturing such as China and Euro-American countries. This article is a study of the multicultural features contained in the design of pewter craft works, which is one of the main factors for the success. The evaluation method is based on judgmental or purposive sampling on part of a large collection of pewter craft works from major Malaysian companies and local pewter craft workshops. The analysis of this study reveals a regulation of the multicultural features in Malaysian modern pewter craft works, and provides a way how artisans and designers get multicultural design awareness. A set of practical steps about the way of designers combine the production of traditional craftwork with different cultural elements, which is effectively beneficial to develop a traditional cultural craft in contemporary time. The findings of this study are expected to be useful in culture-based design, expanding the cultural vision of contemporary artists and designers based on the way of thinking and rules of the internal evolution of a country's culture.


The control of bioprocesses remains an inherently complex problem. Specialist's efforts are directed towards ensuring stability and process efficiency. The necessity to obtain performances without installing a lot of redundant and dedicated expensive equipment, forces the developers to use the techniques available to processing all the information that are "hidden" in the bioprocess and to compensate the uncertain and time varying of parameters. This paper presents the design of some control methods, able to deal with the uncertainties, for a complex photoautotrophic growth bioprocess. To develop an efficiency control law it is necessary to estimate the real values of the inputs. Specifically, the methods proposed in the paper, allowing the assessment of carbon dioxide flow, input into the photobioreactor with a high degree of uncertainty.


Airway hyperreactivity (AH) is the hallmark of human asthma and recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) in horses. Endothelin‐1 (ET‐1) is an inflammatory mediator that causes potent constriction of human and equine airways by binding to ETA and ETB receptors. We investigated the mechanism of ET‐induced AH using pharmacoligical, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and molecular studies. The results showed that bronchial rings of RAO horses contracted significantly greater than those of healthy horses to equal concentrations of ET‐1, suggesting alterations in ET receptors. In addition, ETB receptor affinity was significantly increased in RAO whereas that of ETA remained the same. IHC studies showed that ETA receptor staining increased only in one lobe whereas all other lobes showed a significantly increased staining for ETB receptors. Both ET receptors on the epithelium remained unaltered. Western blotting and IHC techniques showed that expression of ETA and ETB receptors was significantly greater in RAO horses. However, RT‐PCR demonstrated greater mRNA expression only in ETB receptors in RAO horses. Overall, the study indicated invovlement of ETB receptors in equine RAO.


The publication throws light upon the problems of Russia-Eurasia as a special cultural-historical and geopolitical identity in the philosophy of classical Eurasianism, the aspects of its originality and its inherent features are presented. It is concluded that for the most theorists of Eurasianism Russia-Eurasia is a united powerful civilization, which is also a special cultural-geographical world.


We propose the problems of multiple Decision Maker(DM)s' consensus building in this paper. The problems are classified two models from viewpoints of decision makers' pattern. First model has Super Decision Maker(SDM) and DMs. Second Model has only DMs. The former model with SDM and DMs is corresponded to the traditional Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) model which can be solved the AHP method. The former model with SDM and DMs is also called the Group-AHP model. The latter model called group-DEAHP with only DMs is solved by the Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA). This paper focus on latter model, the efficient solution procedure is proposed based on the grey system theory.


Energetic stability of magnetically ordering dopants in diamond holds the prospect of achieving a diamond based diluted magnetic semiconductor which, in addition to diamond's extreme properties may successfully be considered for spintronic device applications. However, one of the problems to be addressed is that of predicting the most energetically stable lattice configurations or charge states in which such dopants can remain electrically or optically active, and at the same time induce magnetic moments when incorporated into diamond. We report ab initio DFT calculations on the formation energies of isolated 3d transition metal impurities at various lattice sites and charge states in diamond, and show that these impurities introduce deep donor and acceptor levels in the band gap of diamond. We further show that their formation energies as well as the magnetic ordering properties are critically dependent on the position of the Fermi level in the diamond band gap, with formation energies across the 3d series being lower in n-type or p-type diamond compared to intrinsic diamond, thus predicting that co-doping with impurities such as boron, nitrogen or phosphorus will considerably enhance their stability in diamond.


In this paper, we investigate representation learning for low-resource keyword spotting (KWS). The main challenges of KWS are limited labeled data and limited available device resources. To address those challenges, we explore representation learning for KWS by self-supervised contrastive learning and self-training with pretrained model. First, local-global contrastive siamese networks (LGCSiam) are designed to learn similar utterance-level representations for similar audio samplers by proposed local-global contrastive loss without requiring ground-truth. Second, a self-supervised pretrained Wav2Vec 2.0 model is applied as a constraint module (WVC) to force the KWS model to learn frame-level acoustic representations. By the LGCSiam and WVC modules, the proposed small-footprint KWS model can be pretrained with unlabeled data. Experiments on speech commands dataset show that the self-training WVC module and the self-supervised LGCSiam module significantly improve accuracy, especially in the case of training on a small labeled dataset.


The lips are major aesthetic components of the face, which are also necessary for facial expression, speech, and eating. In oncological resections, the main goal in lip reconstruction is achieving oral competence than speech and facial expressions. Malignant lesions involving lip warrant a wide excision to ensure a disease-free margin, which usually results in large defects. Defects up to 1/3rd of lips are closed primarily. Defects measuring 1/3rd to 2/3rd of the lower lip may be closed with Karapandzic, Abbe or Estlander flaps. A 45-year-old male presented with an exophytic lesion in the lower lip involving the facial skin with bilateral level 1b cervical lymphadenopathy. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan showed heterogeneous irregular lesion over the lower lip with bilateral enlarged necrotic level 1b cervical lymphadenopathy. Biopsy from the lesion was suggestive of moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. Wide local excision with left modified radical neck dissection and right supraomohyoid neck dissection was done. The central lower lip defect was reconstructed with bilateral Karapandzic flap. The postoperative period was uneventful, although the patient had microstomia. The patient was advised adjuvant radiotherapy based on histopathology and was in regular follow up.


Two experiments with Lohmann brown layers (30 and 43 weeks old, respectively) were conducted to evaluate the effects of varying organic acid mixtures (formic and lactic acid; OA) on egg production, feed conversion and egg quality. Each experiment was of 6 weeks duration. Treatments were the same in both studies and consisted of the following five dietary treatments: A: control diet, B: control diet supplemented with 0.15% organic acid mixture (OA), C: control diet supplemented with 0.30% OA, D: control diet supplemented with 0.45% OA and E: control diet supplemented with 0.60% OA. In period 1 and 2, supplementation with OA mixture had no significant effect on feed intake, egg weight and Haugh reading for all treatments. Combined analysis of data for both periods showed that supplementation with OA mixture at the 0.6% level significantly improved egg production, mean and total egg weight and improved feed efficiency compared to the control. There were no improvements in Haugh reading and egg shell thickness with OA supplementation. There is a trend towards higher egg production, better FCR and more efficient use of ME and CP for egg production with OA inclusion especially at levels of 0.60%.

 Keywords: organic acids; egg production; feed conversion; egg quality; laying hens


— During 1976 and 1977, 798 fish representing 11 species from eight collection sites in Utah were examined for metacercariae of Diplostomtnn rfpathaceum, which causes the fish eye fluke disease, diplostomatosis. Eight species were infected. The infection rate ranged from 7 percent of 46 Salmo gairdneri from Soldiers Creek Reservoir to 100 percent in 7 species of fish from four collection sites. Summary charts for four years of data are given for collection sites, piscine hosts in Utah, and fish hosts for Strawberry Reservoir, Utah. During the past four years we have been studying the incidence, hfe history, morphology, host-parasite relationships, and control of Diplostomum spathaceum in Utah fishes. Palmieri et al. (1977) reported on the life history and habitat analysis of the eye fluke. The incidence of infection for 1974 and 1975 was reported in a previous publication (Evans et al. 1976). Diplostomwn spothaceum (Rudolfi 1819), or the fish eye fluke which causes the disease diplostomatosis, was reported in Strawberry Reservoir, Utah, by the Division of Wildlife Resources in 1973. Fish are the most common second intermediate hosts; however, infections in amphibians, reptiles, and mammals have also been reported (Ferguson 1943). Once the cercariae have penetrated the second intermediate host, they lose their forked tails and migrate to the lens tissue, where the metacercariae develop in 50-60 days (Erasmus 1958). Diplostomatosis causes cataracts of the lens tissue, due to the presence of the metacercarial stage of this parasite. Visual acuity for infected fish can be slightly hampered or lost, depending on the number of worms present. In addition to visual loss, fish show retarded growth and a change in food habits. Increase in the incidence of the disease in the state has generated public and academic concern. The purpose of this paper is to report on the last two years of survey data (1976-1977) for the prevalence of the eye fluke in fish, indicate new hosts for Utah and sites of infection, and summarize four years of data for Strawberry Reservoir,


The article presents some measures which were accepted by emperor Alexander I to reform judicial system and structure of legal agencies in Russia in the beginning of his government. The attention is paid to the activity of the Ministry of Justice created in 1802, and to its first heads.


This article explores the hypothesis that global inequality may be a central impediment to interstate cooperation on climate change policy. Conventional wisdom suggests that outcomes in international environmental politics are primarily attributable to material self-interest, bargaining power, coercion, domestic environmental values, exogenous shocks and crises, the existence of salient policy solutions, the strength of political leadership and the influence of nonstate actors. Yet none of these approaches offers a completely satisfactory explanation for the long-standing north-south divide on climate change. Drawing on social inequality literature and international relations theory, we argue that inequality dampens cooperative efforts by reinforcing 'structuralist' world-views and causal beliefs, polarizing policy preferences, promoting particularistic notions of fairness, generating divergent and unstable expectations about future behaviour, eroding conditions of mutual trust and creating incentives for zero-sum and negative-sum behaviour. In effect, inequality undermines the establishment of mutually acceptable 'rules of the game' which could mitigate these obstacles.


The objective of this study was to evaluate the adaptation of 10 maize genotypes across five locations and three years in Ethiopia. Grain yield of 10 maize genotypes, tested in a randomised block design with four replications across the named environments, was analysed using different stability models. Year by location and location variability were the dominant sources of interaction. The stability analyses identified BH-660, Gibe-1 and E1 as the more stable genotypes, while Kulani, BH-140 and E5 were adapted to specific environments. The stability analyses indicated that Wricke's ecovalence, Shukla's stability variance and AMMI stability values showed close similarity and effectiveness in detecting stable genotypes over a range of environments.


Supervisory Committee Dr. Stephen Ross, Department of English Supervisor Dr. Nicole Shukin, Department of English Departmental Member Dr. Daromir Rudnyckyj, Department of Pacific and Asian Studies Outside Member This thesis seeks to show that contemporary speculative fiction films both present and act as agents for an understanding of the human as increasingly economically rational. This conception of the human focuses on humanist values that project a vision of human exceptionalism into the future. Expanding on Michel Foucault's definition of neoliberalism, this thesis follows its connection to biotechnology and the transhuman subject created through biotechnological intervention, arguing that the films Limitless (2011), Avatar (2009), and District 9 (2009) depict a vision of the human as something that can be calculated and therefore optimized, moving toward the transhuman goal of perfectibility.


Abstract Available literature mainly describes the fatty acid (FA) content of raw meat, with only limited data explaining the effect of different preparation and cooking temperatures on health‐promoting FA such as conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), its metabolic precursor trans‐vaccenic acid (TVA), and long chain omega‐3 FA (LC omega‐3 FA). We collected m. longissimus thoracis (LT) from rib chops of Poll Dorset × East Friesian (EF) and Poll Dorset × Romney (R) lambs raised together. The FA composition of raw LT was compared with LT prepared with bone and all fat trimmed away or bone and fat left intact before cooking under a fan‐grill. The LT from EF lambs had less cooking loss, lower lipid and total fatty acid (TFA) contents, and a lower proportion of saturated fatty acids (SATFA) than the LT from R lambs. Raising cooking temperature from medium to well‐done increased cooking losses and dry matter (DM) yield but did not affect FA content or composition. Compared with raw LT, cooking of the trimmed LT resulted in more TFA and lipids in the DM, and these were greater still in the intact LT. Similar increases occurred in the DM content of most individual and groups of FA, except for CLA and LC omega‐3 FA which increased with cooking of trimmed LT without further significant increase with cooking intact LT. The proportions of SATFA and TVA in the TFA increased after cooking trimmed LT and increased further after cooking intact LT. In contrast, proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) was reduced at each step, while the proportion of CLA was not affected by cooking. Thus, the FA content of raw lamb underestimates that of cooked meat, especially if the lamb is cooked with bone and fat left intact allowing infiltration of FA from the surrounding intermuscular and subcutaneous fat. This influx of lipids from the surrounding adipose tissue dilutes the proportions of PUFA and LC omega‐3 FA in the TFA.


Unrefined pomace of three apple cultivars was dried, powdered, analyzed and evaluated in pie filling and oatmeal cookies. Pomace had 2.2 - 3.3% seed, 0.4 - 0.9% stem, 70.0 - 75.7% apple flesh and 20.1 - 26.4% rice hull as filtering aid (DWB). Average dietary fiber was 36.8% and remaining carbohydrates were 54.4%, totalling 91.2%. Remaining components were protein, fat and ash. Average pH was 4.3; water activity, 0.13; and WHC, 3.7 mL/g. Hunter color was L = 51.8, a = 5.4, and b = 18.2. Two levels of pomace in pie filling or three levels in oatmeal cookies did not affect color, cookie size or sensory scores. Both food products were rated as liked moderately.


Results useful to:System designers, Electronics manufacturers assemblies. Theinadvertent orunexpected presence of Abstract - Asweapon systems become moresophisticated evenamodestvoltage across micronpattern features can tomeetmultiple complex hostile threats, there will beanincreas- induce a discharge whichrenders a component, hybrid ingreliance uponahigh density ofanalog anddigital microelec- assembly, ormoduleboardinoperative. Ifawareness of tronic components, modules, andsubsystems. Hybrid microelec- this phenomenon permeates thedesign, assembly, andtest tronics aremoving toward submicron geometries forsemiconduc- process, thenmeasures canbetaken toreduce theprob- torcomponents, multilayer interconnects, andhigher component ability ofitsoccurrence. densities onlarger area substrates. This miniaturization increasesTwobasic approaches arepresently usedtocontrol thesusceptibility ofmicroelectronic circuitry toelectrical ESD problems: 1)useofdesign protection circuits to overstress (EOS)andelectrostatic discharge (ESD). Since EOS channel high voltage awayfromsensitive device areasand andESD directly affect reliability andmaintainability, pro- . i


In order to understand the electric field distribution characteristics of high-voltage winding in dry-type transformer,the SG10 dry-type transformer is taken as a reference model.According to insulated structure characteristics,ANSYS software is used to analyze 3D and 2D electric field distribution.The results show that the most non-uniform electric field distribution lies in the joint connected coil,cushion and air in end part coil;the most non-uniform electric field distribution lies in the joint connected coil,pectinate spacer and air in middle part coil;the maximum electric intensity linearly decreases as the thickness increase of solid insulation;the maximum electric intensity linearly decreases as the increase of coil's circle number,as well as the maximum electric intensity will approach saturation,after the circle number reaches a certain value;the maximum electric intensity linearly increases as the increase of dielectric constant.


UE-Bezier (unified and extended Bezier) basis is the unified form of Bezier-like bases,including polynomial Bezier basis,trigonometric polynomial and hyperbolic polynomial Bezier basis.Similar to the original Bezier-like bases,UE-Bezier basis functions are not orthogonal.In this paper,a group of orthogonal basis is constructed based on UE-Bezier basis.The transformation matrices between UE-Bezier basis and the proposed orthogonal basis are also solved.


I have argued that the assumption of incremental left-to-right syntactic structure-building can explain a number of otherwise puzzling contrasts in the results of syntactic constituency tests, such as coordination, binding, movement and deletion (Phillips, 1996, 2003). Briefly, non-root merger in a left-to-right derivation leads to systematic changes in constituency over the course of the derivation. Since different syntactic tests apply at different stages in the derivation – due to their linear order properties – they see different 'snapshots' of the constituent structure of the sentence. This derivational perspective can explain why different structural tests yield apparently conflicting results, and can also predict which constituents each individual structural test should be able to access.


The background and all phoneticians of Speech Technologies is a product of the work of bibliographic research on Speech Technologies (TH). In this work the joint analysis of articles in different languages in the thematic of the significance of the discovery that set the course for science and technology of speech as well as the role of the fonetista in a group of TH and an example of application of the TH in the field of jurisprudence


ZnO films were grown on Si substrates by using plasma-assisted metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) method. Low-temperature ZnO buffer layers deposited on Si substrates were used as intermediate layers for the growth. The samples were investigated by X-ray diffraction, Scanning electron microscope and photoluminescence (PL) spectra. It is discovered that the low-temperature buffer layer can reduce the lattice distortion caused by lattice misfit and difference of the thermal expansion coefficients. With a low-temperature grown ZnO buffer layer, the X-ray diffraction (XRD) of the ZnO film results a strong (002) diffraction peak. The full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of the (002) ZnO peak becomes narrower and the value of it declines from 0.21° to 0.18°. Meanwhile, the PL spectra peak value of the sample at room temperature increases obviously. The crystal quality and optical properties of the ZnO films which are deposited at 610 ℃ on low-temperature buffer layer are improved significantly.


In the paper the modular design of sonar systems. Examples of application of modular design in sonar technology. Variants of the application modularity sonar equipment.We consider the modular antenna pumping bass profiler and modular power amplifiers. The design of a dual-frequency module with electronics. It is concluded that the use of modularity in the production of hydro-acoustic technology allows you to create "flexible" adaptive system of universal modules that can easily be rebuilt and modernized.


Cognitive impairment in patients with mild Alzheimer's disease often times require medication management to prevent forgetfulness due to the diversity of medication involved in the treatment. Traditional interventions to mitigate non-adherence to medication have been largely unsuccessful. However, the programmability and intelligibility of modern electronic systems and Information and Communication Technology (ICT) can be exploited to solve this problem. In this paper, we designed and developed an intelligent assistive mHealth system to facilitate medication adherence in elderly patients with Alzheimer's disease. This system achieve medication adherence by creating an audiovisual alert for the user with 'memory loss' disability to take the right doses of medication at required frequency. The drug prescriptions are keyed in by the physician and the medication schedule is stored in the non-volatile memory of the system. At the set time, the Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) unit shows the drug to be taken in the right dosage. The buzzer in the electronic device provides a sound effect to get the attention of the patient. In any case of non-adherence, the system automatically sends a text message to the physician via SMS using the integrated GSM modem and Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) in the system. This system can be miniaturized into a wearable device for optimal performance


Between 1553 and 1603 England found itself in the unprecedented situation of being ruled by two queens, Mary (1553–1558) and her sister Elizabeth (1558–1603). This book brings together a selection of the best recent research which, for the first time, challenges commonplace arguments about Mary's and Elizabeth's relative successes or failures. Scholarship to date has tended to focus on the reigns of Mary and Elizabeth in isolation. This volume, in thinking about both queens, and in addressing issues as diverse as politics, religion, personnel, ceremony, diplomacy and costume, asks us to reconsider Tudor queenship.


To improve the idle economic performance of a gasoline engine,this paper experimentally investigats the effects of hydrogen addition fraction,cylinder cutoff,lean combustion and reducing idle speed on the engine fuel energy consumption at idle.The experiment was carried out on a four-cylinder gasoline engine equipped with an electronically controlled hydrogen port injection system.In the experiment,the cylinder closure was realized by stopping the fuel supply to the specified cylinders.Results show that increasing the hydrogen volume fraction in the intake,cylinder cutoff and reducing the idle speed are all capable of enhancing the engine economic performance at idle.Among all tested methods,the combination of hydrogen addition and cylinder closure is the most effective in decreasing the engine idle fuel energy consumption.At a hydrogen volume fraction in the intake of 6.63% and two-cylinder cutoff mode,the engine fuel energy consumption is reduced by 40.07%,compared with that of the original engine.However,because of the prolonged combustion duration,the application of lean combustion is not able to further decrease the fuel energy consumption of a hydrogen-blended gasoline engine at idle.


Critical realism has become increasingly important in the way organization and management is studied. This innovative book argues for an alternative to the prevailing ontology, and shows how positivism and its empirical realist ontology can be abandoned without having to accept strong social constructionism. This chapter looks at brands offering a critical reflection on critical management studies.


To investigate the anti-arthritis effects of hydro-alcoholic stem bark extract (HSBE) of Plumeria rubra in Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) induced arthritis model in wistar albino rats. Paw edema was produced by sub-plantar injection of 0.1 ml of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) and paw volume was measured with plethysmometer. HSBE of the plant P. rubra (250 mg/kg & 500 mg/kg body weight) was administered orally for 14 days. Arthritic assessment was carried out based on parameters including paw edema, body weight, and spleen index. At the end of study period, animals were sacrificed and various biochemical, oxidative stress parameters, radiological and histological parameters were evaluated. Administration of HSBE significantly attenuated the behavioral, biochemical, hematological, radiological alteration induced by the CFA in dose dependent manner. From our study, we can conclude that the hydro-alcoholic extract of the plant has the potent activity to check the arthritis edema as well as inflammation & body weight. The potency of ant-oxidant activity was managed significantly. The radiological and histopathological investigations revealed that the extract produce significant reduction in mononuclear infiltration and bone erosion showed against adjuvant induced arthritis. INTRODUCTION: Arthritis is a musculoskeletal system disorder that destabilizes normal coupling between degradation and regeneration of articular cartilage in joints following mechanical and a biological collapse in the body. This chronic disease is a chief cause of turmoil in the daily life of mankind throughout the world. The pathophysiological phenomenon of arthritis involves up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and over expression of pro-inflammatory enzymes, resulting in elevated levels of prostaglandins, leukotrienes and nitric oxide 1 .


An upgrade and validation test of the recommended cross section database for charged particle reactions used for monitoring incident particle beams, published by the IAEA in 2001, is presented. In this upgrading process experimental cross sections published earlier, and not yet included in the evaluation work, or data measured recently were collected and added to the initial database in order to improve the quality of the recommended data. In the study 8 proton, 5 deuteron, 3 helium-3 and 6 alpha particle induced monitor reactions on Al, Ti, Fe, Ni and Cu targets were included. In general the newly compiled experimental results support the previous recommended data, but in a few cases they influence the decision and result in a slightly different group of selected cross section data sets and hence in new recommended cross section values. Spline fitting method was used to calculate the new recommended data from the selected data sets. For benchmarking and validation of the recommended cross section data, experimental thick target yields were collected from literature and some were newly measured. All data sets were critically compared with the integral thick target yields deduced from the recommended cross sections. In this paper only one reaction for each type of bombarding particles is discussed. A comprehensive paper will be published elsewhere including the results for all the 22 investigated reactions.


This study was conducted to search new target enzymes of novel herbicide candidate. Total of 107 biochemical inhibitors reported to inhibit over than 100 different plant enzymes were purchased from commercial chemical companies. 15 inhibitors and 34 enzymes were selected by germination assay, seedling assay, wheat leaf disc assay, and whole plant assay. Among them, seven compounds of purine, phehyl-hydrazine, o-phenanthroline, oleylamine, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, 7,8-benzoquinoline, and aminooxyacetic acid showed high herbicidal activity in the whole plant assay under greenhouse while 7,8-benzoquinone, 8-hydroxyquinoline, 2,2'-dipyridyl, and o-phenanthroline inhibited seed germination of barnyardgrass, rice, and tomato at concentrations of 1.25 to . The compounds of 7,8-benzoquinoline, chlorpromazine, cyanuric fluoride, 4-methylpyrazole, oleylamine, tranylcypromine, and trifluoperazine inhibited the growth of cyanobacteria at 30 to . The compounds of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and chlorpromazine exhibited whitening effect on tile wheat leaf disc at . These results suggest that the plant-specific enzyme inhibitors which have biological activities may supply the target enzyme for developing new herbicide candidate.


This paper focuses the research on both US services trade and Chinese services trade.It uses empirical and comparative methods to research the difference between these two countries and tries to find out a way to increase the competitiveness.This is a key way for Chinese international business to deal with present crisis.


In this paper, we propose and scale a framework based on Exact Dynamic Programming to solve the game of Wordle, which has withstood many attempts to be solved by a variety of methods ranging from Reinforcement Learning to Information Theory. First, we derive a mathematical model of the game, present the resultant Bellman Equation, and outline a series of optimizations to make this approach tractable. Secondly, using Optimal Classification Trees with Hyperplanes, we present a methodology to showcase the policies in a compact yet interpretable manner – an exciting result as this allows readers to understand the policies and look for novel strategies themselves. We present experiments illuminating why some approximate methods have struggled to solve the game – and which our framework successfully circumvents due to its exact nature. We have implemented our algorithm in wordleopt.com. We show that the best starting word is SALET, the algorithm finds all hidden words in at most five guesses and the average number of guesses starting with SALET is 3.421.


The strata deformation, during excavation in mine model, causes planar movement at any point in frontal plane of the model. Conventional, electrical and mechanical gauges measure only unidirectional movement and sometimes the load of these gauges, on the peg in brittle material of the model, constituted additional movement. The number of observation points are also limited by these methods due to time and space constraint of the experiment.
The bidirectional movement of large number of points fixed on overlying strata of mine model is determined by motion-parallax method of photogrammetry. From the same position and orientation, before and after displacement, photographs of vertical cross-section of model are taken b metric camera UMK 10. Stereoscopic Co-ordinate measurements are made on stereo-comparator 1818 and the results are used to estimate angles of draw and fracture, amount of subsidence, compression and elongation zones and strain profile. The limitations of cut and roll films for such observation was also analysed with a view to replacing ORWO TO plates in the same camera UMK 10 during observation on another model.


Objective To study the effect of high-quality service philosophy in improving the nursing satisfaction degree of patients in department of stomatology,and assess its application value.Methods ALL 110 patients in the department of stomatology from August 2011 to March 2012 were randomly divided into control group(routine nursing group,55 cases) and observation group(high-quality service concept group,55 cases);then the mastering of related knowledge,satisfaction degree of psychological need before and after the nursing and satisfaction degree for nursing effect and attitudes of two groups were compared between the both groups.Results The better rate of observation group in the mastering of related knowledge,satisfaction degree of psychological need were 81.82% and 90.91%,respectively,and were higher than those of the control group,the satisfaction rate for nursing effect and attitudes were 90.91% and 100.00%,respectively,and they were higher than those of control group,P0.05.Conclusion The effect of high-quality service philosophy on improving the nursing satisfaction degree of patients in Department of Stomatology is better;the needs of patients can be better met.Its application value was sure in the department.


The sulfonation of commercially available poly (ether imide) (PEI) (Ultem) was carried out using chlorosulfonic acid (16% w/v) in dichloroethane solution. The effect of temperature (0–60 C) and the duration (1–16 h) of reaction on the extent of sulfonation was investigated. Structural characterization of these sulfonated polymers was done by FT-IR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The thermal stability of sulfonated PEI in the N2 atmosphere decreased with the increase in extent of sulfonation. A multistep degradation was observed and the lowest char residue at 800 C was obtained in samples having a high extent of sulfonation.


Twenty treatments were tested for relative efficacy against cotton aphid in nonirrigated cotton planted 23 May. Plots of 8 rows (40 inch) centers by 30 ft, separated by 15 ft alleys, were located on the Delta Branch Experiment Station, Stoneville, MS. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block with 4 replicates. Treatments were applied by a high-clearance spray machine equipped with a compressed-air spray system. Trial 1 was applied on 5 Jun and Trial 2 was applied on 21 Jun. Total spray volume was 5 gal/acre at 5 mph and 40 psi using 2 TX6 nozzles/row. Plots within a replicate were sprayed consecutively with the boom rinsed twice and blown clear between plots. Efficacy of treatments was evaluated 72-h post-treatment by counting aphids within one square inch at the terminal and one square inch on the under surface of the third leaf from the terminal on 40 randomly chosen plants/treatment.


Mushroom ligninolytic enzymes are attractive biocatalysts that can degrade lignin through oxido-reduction. Laccase, lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase, and versatile peroxidase are the main enzymes that depolymerize highly complex lignin structures containing aromatic or aliphatic moieties and oxidize the subunits of monolignol associated with oxidizing agents. Among these enzymes, mushroom laccases are secreted glycoproteins, belonging to a polyphenol oxidase family, which have a powerful oxidizing capability that catalyzes the modification of lignin using synthetic or natural mediators by radical mechanisms via lignin bond cleavage. The high redox potential laccase within mediators can catalyze the oxidation of a wide range of substrates and the polymerization of lignin derivatives for value-added chemicals and materials. The chemoenzymatic process using mushroom laccases has been applied effectively for lignin utilization and the degradation of recalcitrant chemicals as an eco-friendly technology. Laccase-mediated grafting has also been employed to modify lignin and other polymers to obtain novel functional groups able to conjugate small and macro-biomolecules. In this review, the biochemical features of mushroom ligninolytic enzymes and their potential applications in catalytic reactions involving lignin and its derivatives to obtain value-added chemicals and novel materials in lignin valorization are discussed.


Fluoropyrimidine (FP) drugs, mainly 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), constitute the backbone of combination chemotherapy regimens (e.g. FOLFOX and FOLFIRI) for treating colorectal cancer (CRC) and provide a survival benefit for patients with stage II, III, and IV colorectal cancer. However, 5 year survival rate for CRC patients with metastatic disease is less than 10%. This dreadful situation suggests urgent need for novel and more potent FPs to improve the outcomes of these patients. We have developed novel fluoropyrimidine drug polymers (e.g. F10) that show promising antitumor activity in multiple pre-clinical models even while displaying reduced systemic toxicities. F10 is taken up by malignant cells via active transport compared to 5-Fluorouracil, which is taken up by diffusion in malignant and non-malignant cells. Additionally, F10 compound is primarily incorporated into DNA, and produced thymidylate synthase and topoisomerase toxic metabolites at greater levels, whereas 5-Fluorouracil is primarily incorporated into RNA, and only has about 5-10% production of active form of thymidylate synthase toxic metabolites. MMR is involved in repairing the DNA mismatches and FP drugs induced DNA damage. Interestingly, our studies show that F10 acts by different mechanisms compared to 5-FU. Particularly, F10 treated CRC cells exhibit replication stress as evidenced by paused and slow progression of replication forks and R-loops formation at the active transcriptional regions, suggesting replication and transcription dependent generation of DNA lesions in these cells. F10 treatment induced several fold increased DNA double strand breaks (DSB) as measured by COMET assays and about 1000 folds more cytotoxicity to CRC cells compared to 5-FU. Similarly, F10 treatment activated distinctive DNA damage responses in MMR proficient CRC cells compared MMR deficient cells. Additionally, our studies suggest F10 as a promising therapeutic agent for CRC therapy either alone or in combination with CHK1 and PARP inhibitors. Citation Format: Chinnadurai Mani, William Gmeiner, Komaraiah Palle. Mechanistic studies reveal novel molecular insights on anticancer properties of F10 compound in human colon cancer cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2087.


Salmonella sp. serotyping is a very useful epidemiological tool to detect outbreaks in the developed world ([5][1], [10][2]). The Spanish National Salmonella Reference Laboratory routinely serotypes Salmonella sp. strains from most Spanish Autonomous Communities (AACC) for epidemiological


Complex business workflows are becoming an integral part of day-to-day business activities. As companies merge or embark in collaborations, there is a need to analyze, update, and integrate existing workflow specifications and run-time applications, to generate new ones that conform to specific target requirements and constraints. We propose a software engineering framework and its associated algorithms to compute the optimal composition of target workflows from constituent ones. First, we present a mechanism to compose services from constituent workflows to form a new target workflow. Second, since the composition process may entail the compliance to certain compositional, structural, or behavioral constraints we present a quantitative technique that is based on tolerance thresholds similar to those used in constraint satisfaction problems to restrict the number of constraints violated during the composition process. Finally, we provide an algorithm to compute the optimal composition of workflows with respect to a target workflow. Evaluation results by applying the technique to sample workflows are also presented


We present POPSICLES simulation results covering the full Antarctic Ice Sheet and the Southern Ocean spanning the period from 1990 to 2010. We use the CORE v. 2 interannual forcing data to force the ocean model. Simulations are performed at 0.1 degree (∼5 km) ocean resolution with adaptive ice sheet resolution as fine as 500 m to adequately resolve the grounding line dynamics. We discuss the effect of improved ocean mixing and subshelf bathymetry (vs. the standard Bedmap2 bathymetry) on the behavior of the coupled system, comparing time-averaged melt rates below a number of major ice shelves with those reported in the literature. We also present seasonal variability and decadal melting trends from several Antarctic regions, along with the response of the ice shelves and the consequent dynamic response of the grounded ice sheet.


We demonstrated the potential of Fourier transform photocurrent spectroscopy (FTPS) in investigating the optical absorption and quality of a Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) absorber within the cell structure. We fabricated thin-film solar cell structures with a CZTSSe absorber, which was prepared by a nanoparticle coating technique and a postannealing process. The optical absorption spectra of CZTSSe absorbers prepared at different annealing temperatures were measured by FTPS. We successfully evaluated the optical band-gap energy from the spectra. An exponential tail was found in the spectra. Urbach energy increased with increasing annealing temperature. The deterioration of photovoltaic performance with increasing Urbach energy might be due to potential fluctuation rather than to structural randomness.


How did the Mexican Peso Crisis, a critical juncture which took place historically, take place in contemporary Latin America? The answer is absent within the linchpins theorized by classical approaches like modernization theory and dependency theory, as they reduce the South's agency to the immanent and the structural. A teleological standpoint of the 1994-1995 events shows that what prevented debt default was a US loan explicitly collateralized with oil income, which inaugurated Mexico's age of isolation from diverse Latin American attempts at integration. Teleology effectively places agency within the theory debate through the acknowledgment of Mexico and its Latin American peers not as structural objects, but as regional agents able to exert purposive action and build their own history.


The investigation was directed to assess the impact of foliar spray with plant growth regulators on flowering characteristics of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) var. TMV 7 and their corresponding influence on pod and seed attributes. The plants were sprayed with plant growth regulators such as Ethrel, Chlorocholine chloride (CCC), Maleic Hydrazide (MH), Naphthalic Acetic Acid (NAA) and Mepiquat chloride (PIX) in different concentrations at 60 days after sowing (DAS). The weight of pod and seed yield plant obtained in the plants sprayed with plant growth regulators recorded statistically significant variation. In all the treatments, the number of flowers in the later stages were reduced which reduced the number of immature pods and increased the number of double seeded pods, eventually contributing to higher seed yield than the untreated (control) plants. Among the treatments, the highest pod yield per plant was recorded in NAA 200 ppm (29.33 g) followed by Ethrel 400 ppm (24.88 g) when compared with the control (15.79 g) in which the lowest yield was obtained. These treatments can be utilised for increasing the efficiency of pod filling thereby increasing the seed yield in groundnut.


While the High Resolution Fly's Eye (HiRes) detector was designed to view UHECR showers in stereo, there are good reasons to reconstruct showers from each site independently and to calculate the UHECR flux observed in this way. First, the first HiRes detector began to take data more than two years before stereo mode operations began in December of 1999. This is the largest sample of UHECR's obtained by any detector to date and, likewise, has the best statistical power for determining features in the spectrum.


In this article, I expose the sources that feed the imagery of Good Life in Latin America: the American counterculture of the '60s, the New Age and the Andean sumak kawsay cosmogony. I also analyze the definition of good life as wellness disseminated by media, which is compatible with commercial interests. The methodology is based on the review of documentary sources. These materials compose a genealogy of social speeches whose meaning I explain. This analysis aims to understand lifestyles that hold on the cause of good life within advertising language as well as their synergy with conditions experienced by contemporary subjects.


In this paper,the vertical vibration model of rubber floating slab track was established and the corresponding dynamic parameters were analyzed.A track segment element was taken between two rubber supports.For each segment element,rails were regarded as Euler beams supported by continuous viscoelastic supports.The concrete floating slab was regarded as rectangular elastic thin plate element.The fasteners and rubber supports were replaced by linear spring and damp elements,and shus the vibration model of the rubber floating slab track was established.By using the vertical vibration model of multi-rigid dynamics of vehicle and floating slab track segment element,the dynamic responses of vertical vibration of floating slab track under moving train loads were investigated.The results showed that,the reasonable range of floating slab thickness,fastening stiffness under rail,and rubber support stiffness were 0.3~0.5 m,40 MN/m and 20 MN/m,respectively.This study clearly indicates that the vertical vibration model of rubber floating slab track is effective and the results can provide references for the design of rubber floating slab track.


The concentrations of Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd in bottom sediment and surface water in the Egyptian coastal waters along the Mediterranean Sea, and thence the soft tissues of the bivalve (Donax trunculus) were determined. The mean concentrations (µg g-1) of heavy metals in bottom sediment were as follows: Fe: 1748.2-2030, Mn: 191.4-254.3, Zn: 28-42.2, Cu: 4-9.4, Pb: 18.4-24.8, Cd: 1.4-2.3, and in surface water: Fe: 744-896, Mn: 162-198, Zn: 242.6-300, Cu: 12.6-19.3, Pb: 31.3-56, Cd: 0.8-3.1,while in soft tissues of the bivalve D. trunculus, the mean concentrations (µg g-1 dry weight) were as follows: Fe: 47.2-66.4, Mn: 4.8-8.4, Zn: 22-36.4, Cu: 3.2-4.8, Pb: 5.6-9.2, Cd: 1.6-2.4. The present study has revealed that the concentrations of Cd and Pb in the soft tissues of the edible bivalve D. trunculus were above the maximum acceptable concentrations for human consumption proposed by FAO/WHO, EU. Moreover, estimation of concentration factor (Cf) for the studied metals in the soft tissues of the edible bivalve D. trunculus recorded high accumulation rates of Cd and Cu. The present study confirmed that, the examined bivalve species was associated with enhanced metal content in its soft tissues and was not safe within the limits for human consumption. Water and bottom sediments showed apparent seasonal variations of metals accumulation with maximum concentrations during summer and winter, respectively. Mean metal concentrations were found to be higher in some of the selected five sites than others, but, these differences in heavy metal concentrations were not statistically significant (P>0.05), suggesting that common and main anthropogenic sources contributing to the heavy metal pollution at this Egyptian coastal area on the Mediterranean sea. The results obtained in this study were compared with those reported in earlier studies and concluded that, the area of the present study was in general not considered a metal polluted area according to the OME and EPA classification criteria. However, concentrations of Cd and especially, Pb did give some cause for concern, and warrants a continued monitoring programme for inorganic and chemical organic compounds in sediments, water, and biota along the Egyptian Mediterranean coasts.


Today's era is dominated by disorders of life style and Ayurveda is the best solution to these disorders. Ayurveda is often referred as "Science of life" but it is more of a science that deals with prevention of mental & physical disorders. It is one of the oldest systems of medicine. Prameha, as described by Acharya Charka & Sushruta is one of the disorders that have emerged out of urban life style. The causes and symptomatology of Madhumeha described few thousand years back run parallel with the causes of Diabetes Mellitus mentioned by the system of modern medicine. Hence, Madhumeha can be co-related with diabetes mellitus. In all, 20 types of Prameha have been described based on the predominance of Vata, Pitta & Kapha. 1' Madhumeha' is a subtype of Vataja prameha2. There are four types of Vataja Prameha i.e. Vasameha , Majjameha, Hastimeha and Madhumeha. Ayurveda includes Prameha amongst Ashto Mahagada4. It is of two kinds viz one due to vata vriddhi caused by dhatu kshaya and another by vata vriddhi caused by obstruction of channels of vata by other doshas5.


With the purpose to define criteria to select perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne, L.) to improve its capacity to grazing, two experiments were conducted. The first experiment studied the effect of the grass structure against the production of milk comparing 4 diploid cultivars of late flowering perennial ryegrass under grazing. The swards were evaluated under rotational grazing using a total of forty-eight lactating dairy cows for three periods in the spring of 1999. They were offered 18 kg of dry matter (DM) to each cow daily. The differences in milk production were significant (P< 0.05) favoring the cultivar 3, with a result of 0.4 kg of milk per cow daily more than the 2 cultivar, considering the three periods. The digestibility and the nitrogen contents were similar between cultivars. The 2 cultivar showed higher tiller heights and bigger biomass with low tiller density and grazed volume, with reduced leaf lamina in the higher strata compared with the 3 cultivar. No significant difference among each cultivar intake has been established. The cows have compensated the low grazed volume in the 2 cultivar by increasing its grazing depth. They have ingested more pseudostems grazing the 2 cultivar compared to the other (14 cm vs. 8 cm during the second period considered). The intermediate sward strata included pseudostems with digestibility 6.7 points less than other strata and, in the 2 cultivar, the herbage eaten was probably less digestible than the others. The sward structure effects in milk production were measured more by the quality of selected herbage than its intake. Therefore, the sward structure has its effects in the interspecific performance. The morphological characters which determinate the sward structure can be used as a selection and evaluation criteria for improvement of cultivar. The second experiment tested the methodology proposed by Penning and Hooper (1985). The purpose was to know if the methodology is able to detect differences of ingestion short-term in very similar morphological structures and, in this way, assist in choosing of more grazing adapted cultivars selection criteria. It has been used 8 diploid perennial ryegrass cultivars with similar morphogenetical characteristics in a four-day evaluation. Each cultivar has been installed in 4 parcels, with 135 m2 per cultivar. Each plot (total of 32 plots) was grazed by four cows. The intake rate was verified by changing in weight pre and post grazing with metabolic weight loss correction. In each test day, four plots were used in the morning (plots A,B,C and O) and four in the afternoon (plots E, F, G and H). In those four days each cultivar had 2 parcels used by morning and 2 by afternoon. The intake rate has changed according with the daily period (morning/ afternoon), the days and the cultivars. The higher variation in the dry matter (DM) intake occurred into the day: 2.56 kg/hour DM in the morning to 3.07 kg/hour DM in the afternoon. The intake rate, when expressed by herbage fresh mass (FM) did not show a significant difference between periods: from 14.2 to 17.5 kg/ hour FM. Among the parameters which measure the sward characteristics only the DM contents has changed during the day: 18.6% to 24.6%. An increment in biomass, DM contents and sward surface height was encountered between days. Sward characteristics that had not changed between the days were the tiller density and the post graze height. 80th the DM and FM intake rate and the loss of weight increased significantly within the days of the experiment. With the exception of the DM intake, the FM intake did not interacted among the cultivars, grazing periods and/or days. Significant differences were noted among cultivars for biomass, height pre and post grazing, and with low correlation among them, tiller density but not for DM contents. Cultivars differences were not consistent with DM intake rate, the DM contents variations between daily periods could explain the cultivars effects inconsistency. The FM intake rate had the better adjustment to the sward characteristics, principally the lamina MS.


BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Contact with distinct microbiota early in life has been shown to educate the mucosal immune system, hence providing protection against immune-mediated diseases. However, the impact of early versus late colonization with regard to the development of the intestinal macrophage compartment has not been studied so far.

METHODS
Germ-free mice were colonized with specific-pathogen-free [SPF] microbiota at the age of 5 weeks. The ileal and colonic macrophage compartment were analysed by immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, and RNA sequencing 1 and 5 weeks after colonization and in age-matched SPF mice, which had had contact with microbiota since birth. To evaluate the functional differences, dextran sulfate sodium [DSS]-induced colitis was induced, and barrier function analyses were undertaken.

RESULTS
Germ-free mice were characterized by an atrophied intestinal wall and a profoundly reduced number of ileal macrophages. Strikingly, morphological restoration of the intestine occurred within the first week after colonization. In contrast, ileal macrophages required 5 weeks for complete restoration, whereas colonic macrophages were numerically unaffected. However, following DSS exposure, the presence of microbiota was a prerequisite for colonic macrophage infiltration. One week after colonization, mild colonic inflammation was observed, paralleled by a reduced inflammatory response after DSS treatment, in comparison with SPF mice. This attenuated inflammation was paralleled by a lack of TNFα production of LPS-stimulated colonic macrophages from SPF and colonized mice, suggesting desensitization of colonized mice by the colonization itself.

CONCLUSIONS
This study provides the first data indicating that after colonization of adult mice, the numeric, phenotypic, and functional restoration of the macrophage compartment requires the presence of intestinal microbiota and is time dependent.


Arterial steal is a phenomena wherein an increase in impedance in one branch of a bifurcation causes a corresponding increase in flow in the contra lateral branch. For example, subclavian steal syndrome[ 1 I is a clinical situation produced by the occlusion of the proximal subclavian artery and subsequent retrograde filling of the subclavian artery via the vertebral artery. The resulting alteration of blood flow may cause a variety of symptoms secondary to decreased blood supply to the brain and upper extremity of the affected side. "Steal" has also been demonstrated in other major bifurcation's in man and plays a clinical importance in determining the f low in the vicinity of a stenosis or following surgical revascularization[21. The purpose of the present study was to develop a computer model of "vascular steal. "


High abstinence rates characterize alcohol dependent (AD) liver graft recipients. The immunosuppressants cyclosporine (CsA) and tacrolimus (TRL) also inhibit calcineurin (CLN) in the brain. Previously, we found that CsA reduces alcohol consumption in C57BL/6J mice. The goals of the present study were 1) to compare the ethanol preference effects of CsA against tacrolimus (TRL), as well as sirolimus (SRL), an immunosuppressant without CLN inhibition, and 2) to establish that reduction of alcohol consumption is not due to caloric reinforcement from these ligands. C57BL/6J mice trained to imbibe ethanol consume ethanol or sucrose in a modified limited access drinking-in-the-dark paradigm; test groups received vehicle or doses of CsA (5 to 50 mg/kg), TRL (0.5 to 2.5 mg/kg), or SRL (1.0 to 5.0 mg/kg) for 5 consecutive days, 30 min before each 2 hour limited access session. Brain CsA, TRL, and SRL concentrations were measured. CsA (p<0.001) and TRL (p <0.01) each decreased ethanol consumption while SRL showed no significant effects at any dose. Effective doses included CsA at 10 mg/kg and above and TRL at 2.5 mg/kg. CsA (50 mg/kg) did not reduce sucrose consumption. Both CsA and TRL reached significant brain concentrations compared to very low values of SRL. These data suggest that CsA and TRL may reduce alcohol preference through central CLN inhibition rather than by immunosuppression. This article has not been copyedited and formatted. The final version may differ from this version. JPET Fast Forward. Published on February 28, 2012 as DOI: 10.1124/jpet.111.188169 at A PE T Jornals on M ay 2, 2017 jpet.asjournals.org D ow nladed from


Through criticism and analysis of ancient traditions, Kahn reconstructs the pattern of Anaximander's thought using historical methods akin to the reconstructive techniques of comparative linguists.


Abstract. Temporal dynamics of C isotopic composition (δ13C) of CO2 and leaf litter was monitored during a litter decomposition experiment using Arbutus unedo L., as a slow decomposing model substrate. This allowed us (1) to quantify isotopic discrimination variation during litter decomposition, and (2) to test whether selective substrate use or kinetic fractionation could explain the observed isotopic discrimination. Total cumulative CO2-C loss (CL) comprised 27% of initial litter C. Temporal evolution of CL was simulated following a three-C-pool model. Isotopic composition of respired CO2 (δRL) was higher with respect to that of the bulk litter. The isotopic discrimination Δ(L/R) varied from −2‰ to 0‰ and it is mostly attributed to the variations of δRL. A three-pool model, with the three pools differing in their δ13C, described well the dynamic of Δ(L/R), in the intermediate stage of the process. This suggests that the observed isotopic discrimination between respired CO2 and bulk litter is in good agreement with the hypothesis of successive consumption of C compounds differing in δ13C during decomposition. However, to explain also 13C-CO2 dynamics at the beginning and end of the incubation the model had to be modified, with discrimination factors ranging from −1‰ to −4.6‰ attributed to the labile and the recalcitrance pool, respectively. We propose that this discrimination is also the result of further selective use of specific substrates within the two pools, likely being both the labile and recalcitrant pool of composite nature. In fact, the 2‰ 13C enrichment of the α-cellulose observed by the end of the experiment, and potentially attributable to kinetic fractionation, could not explain the measured Δ(L/R) dynamics.


The nature of current international financial crisis lies in the relative decline of America's real economy and the major adjustment to dollar-dominated international financial system.This crisis goes through four stages and takes on two tendencies.Where the crisis will end up depends to a great degree on macro-policy adjustment and control in both America and China.


This chapter examines the gendered nature of the Joycean epiphany, and its refashioning by Irish women writers in the aftermath of high modernism. Turning to Kate O'Brien's The Land of Spices (1941), Edna O'Brien's Down by the River (1996), and Eimear McBride's A Girl is a Half-formed Thing, the chapter argues that these works stage an epiphany that signals a perceived rite of passage promising to move the protagonist into some new form of understanding and experience—though importantly, these epiphanies and what unfolds in their wake are not necessarily characterized strictly by good feeling for female protagonists. Taking the ethics of close reading trauma as its central case in point, the chapter argues that slowly reading difficult texts like McBride's trains readers to sit patiently not only with the discomfort generated by the intellectual challenges posed by modernist innovation but also with the suffering generated by human failing.


Plasma electron gun for ribbon beam generation was designed on the basis of glow discharge with hollow cathode. Electrons were extracted through emission hole in the anode from plasma boundary, stabilized by metal mesh, and accelerated by the voltage applied between the anode and extractor. Electron beam was of 25 cm width, 1 cm thickness. Beam current and energy were of 0.1–1 A and 2–6 keV respectively, at gas pressure of 10 – 60 mTorr. Maximum parameters are defined mostly by the acceleration gap geometry. Current density distribution along the beam width depends on the gas pressure and total beam current. At pressures higher than 30 mTorr local current maximums appear in the electron beam. They look as streams, and their positions are determined by the anode mesh deviation from flatness, but they are always at the edges of the beam. Our experiments show that in the absence of electron emission plasma density distribution in a hollow cathode maintains maximums at edges but their amounts are not more tha...


The work on the development of magnetic plasma control system of modernized T-15 tokamak [1] has been carried out. The aim of this work was in the modeling of plasma current and shape control in quasi-stationary stage of the discharge using plasma-physics code DINA [2] and regulators developed in the process of this work were utilized. Scenario of the discharge was divided into several time segments, each of which had nearly constant plasma parameters. For each of the time segments an own regulator was constructed using identification method [3], as a result of which linear models were obtained for the plasma parameter responses from voltages applied in to the poloidal magnetic coils. These linear models are used to create linear-quadratic regulators which have to be switched in the prescribed scenario moments. Two control circuits carry out the control, one of them stabilises plasma vertical position, and the other one conrols current and shape of the plasma. Using the developed control system regulators the simulation of the quasi-stationary operation of T15 tokamak has been carried out with strongly variable plasma parameters. Possibilities of the T-15 poloidal magnetic system are examined for the case of the X-point position movement of the diverted plasma configuration on a stationary stage of the discharge.


The invention discloses a microalloy smelting process for an aluminum-magnesium-silicon aluminum alloy, and belongs to the field of aluminum product processing. Electrolytic aluminum liquid and industrial silicon are prepared into a AlSi12 liquid intermediate alloy in an intermediate frequency furnace, the liquid intermediate alloy is utilized to scour a magnesium ingot in a special runner, and the mixed aluminum liquid is diluted in a smelting furnace to form an aluminum-magnesium-silicon aluminum alloy melt with good alloying effect. The process can replace a silicon addition method for adding industrial silicon, rapid dissolution silicon or an aluminum-silicon intermediate alloy and a magnesium addition method for stirring or pressing the magnesium ingot into the smelting furnace, which are commonly used at present, is favorable for full dissolution, diffusion and absorption of Mg and Si elements, and facilitates formation and uniform distribution of a Mg2Si strengthening phase so as to improve the quality and processability of extrusion ingot products.


— In this paper we investigate the method for chromatic dispersion of Borosilicate crown glass from the scalar effective index method using transparent boundary condition with linear and elliptic waveguide. It has been demonstrated that it is possible to obtain near zero dispersion in a wavelength range of 1.5 to 2.0 µm from a six ring into which inner three ring are designed as elliptic and the outer three ring are designed by using linear waveguide to design circular and square holes for the calculation of Flat and near zero dispersion in PCF.


With Suaeda salsa as test material,the edible value was studied through determination of 7 nutrient components,which will provide reference for S.salsa development and utilization.The results showed that the content of sugar and protein is rich,and rich in crude fiber,carotenoids and amino acids and contains VC.At the same time,the content of nitrate is 1.125 μg/g.Because the results conform to the safe standards for human consumption,salsa is a kind of edible wild plant.


The amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) measures resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS-fMRI) signal of each voxel. However, the unit of blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal is arbitrary and hence ALFF is sensitive to the scale of raw signal. A well-accepted standardization procedure is to divide each voxel's ALFF by the global mean ALFF. However, this makes the individual voxel's ALFF dependent on the global mean. Although Fractional ALFF (fALFF), proposed as a ratio of the ALFF to the total amplitude within the full frequency band, offers possible solution of the standardization, it actually mixes with the fluctuation power within the full frequency band and thus cannot reveal the true amplitude characteristics of a given frequency band. We proposed a new standardized, stand-alone, single-voxel metrics for RS-fMRI, namely percent amplitude of fluctuation (PerAF). PerAF is an analog to the percent signal change that has been widely used in the task fMRI communities, which allows it to be a straightforward measurement of BOLD signal fluctuations during resting state. We further conducted a test-retest reliability analysis comparing the relevant metrics, which indicated that PerAF was generally more reliable than the ALFF and fALFF. In a real RS-fMRI application, we further demonstrated that with and without standardization by global mean PerAF yielded prominently different results when comparing eyes open with eyes closed resting conditions, suggesting that future study should provide both with and without global mean standardization. The above results suggest that PerAF is a more reliable, straightforward and promising measurement for voxelwise brain activity-based RS-fMRI studies. For prompting future application of PerAF, we also implemented this method into a user-friendly toolbox REST-PerAF.


Seed mass and specific leaf area(SLA) are two representative parameters of plant reproductive traits and vegetative traits,both of which are important parts of plant life-histories.We measured the seed mass and SLA of 63 plant species from four families(Saxifragaceae,Gentianaceae,Ranunculaceae and,Caryophyllaceae) on the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and studied how altitude and habitat influenced them.1) The relationship between seed mass and SLA was marginally significantly negative(P=0.066).2) Seed mass was not correlated with altitude(P0.05) in the four families as a whole and in Ranunculaceae and Gentianaceae,but was significantly negatively correlated with altitude in the other two families.The habitats had no effect on seed mass when considered alone,but had significant effects when combined with altitude.3) SLA significantly decreased with altitude in all four families and in Ranunculaceae and Gentianaceae but not in other two families.4) Moreover,SLA was biggest in the meadow and least in the forest.SLA significantly decreased with altitude in the meadow,but not in other habitats.The variation of the two traits showed an active response or adaptation of the plant to the harsh environment on the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.


In this paper, we study how certain conditions can affect the transformations on the states of the memory of a strict load-store Maurer ISA, when half of the data memory serves as the part of the operating unit.


OBJECTIVE: The microvascular anastomosis (MA) technique remains an important aspect End-to-end, end-to-side, MA may be performed on this model. obtainable and inexpensive, pulsatile flow through the arteries is realistic the model is easy to mamage, and there is no need for special facilities for animal care or anesthesia that required for live animals. The diameter and structure of turkey carotid arteries are essentially identical to the human cortical vossels and distal branches of the superficial temporal artery. CONCLUSION : The pulstatile perfused carotid a arteries model presents a realistic Ma training model, It provides an inexpensive and simple setup for educational purposes. This technique can minimize live and anesthesia needs for MA training. Wide use of this model may enhanced carotid arteries model presents a realistic MA training. Tubing connection with both proximal and distal ends of the carotid arteries allowed circulatory patency during vessel clamping and anastomosis creation. Different fluids ranging from simple water to various colored solutions or even whole blood could be used for vascular perfusion in this experimental setup. Fluid output was maintained between 11 and 16 ml/min. Minimum pressure was set at 80 cm/H 2 0, and maximum pressure was set at 160 cm/H 2 O. Mean fluid flow through the arteries was 8 and 13 ml/min. End-to-end, end-to-side MA may be performed on this model. RESULTS: This training model provides several advantages: the materials are easily obtainable and inexpensive, pulsatile flow through the arteries is realistic, the model is easy to manage, and there is no need for special facilities for animal care or anesthesia that are required for live animals. The diameter and structure of turkey carotid arteries are essentially identical to the human cortical vessels and distal branches of the superficial temporal artery. CONCLUSION: The pulsatile perfused carotid arteries model presents a realistic MA training model. It provides an inexpensive and imple setup for educational purposes. This technique can minimize live animal and anesthesia need for MA training. Wide use of this model may enhance and popularize MA training and education.


The existence of metallothionein in the kidneys of humans and several animals has been reported1•`4). In the liver of rat, however, metallothionein does not seem to be a normal component, though the induction of Cd-binding protein similar to metallothionein by Cd5•`7) or by an excess of Zn8) has been reported. The protein induced by Cd in the rat liver was characterized5•`7) by a molecular weight of .about 10,000 and by binding with a large amount of Cd, Zn and a small amount of Cu. It was also found that among these metals Zn was easily exchanged by Cd in vivo9) and in vitre10) or by Hg in vitro10). The existence of Hg binding with metallothionein in the kidneys of humans4) and of rat11) injected with HgCl2 was reported. On the other hand, Jakubowski et al12) reported that the distribution pattern of Hg in gel filtration chromatogram of supernatant from the liver of rat injected with Hg was similar to some extent to that of the kidney. Therefore, there was an interesting problem of whether a metal-binding protein similar to metallothionein was induced in the liver by Hg injection. The present experiment was carried out in order to verify this problem from metal distribution in the supernatant obtained from the liver of rat injected with Hg, A Sprague Dawley male rat was pretreated with subcutaneous injection of Cd in a dose of 3 mg per kg of body weight, and 72 hr later the rat was injected intraperitoneally with 3 mg of Hg per kg of body weight. The liver was taken out at 72 hr after Hg injection. Another rat was injected intraperitoneally with 3 mg of Hg per kg of body weight without Cd pretreatment. The liver was taken out at 24 hr after the injection. These livers were perfused with cold 0.25 M sucrose, 0.01 M tris-HCl buffer, pH 7.4. The tissue was homogenized in the cold buffer with a glass-teflon homogenizer spinning at 800 r.p.m. for 2 min. By centrifugation at 105,000 g for 1 hr the supernatant was separated from the homogenate. Prior to gel filtration, the supernatant was concentrated by ultrafiltration. The concentrated supernatant was filtrated on a Sephadex G-75 column (2.5 •~ 40 cm) with 0.01 M tris-HCl buffer, pH 8.0. Flow rate of the solvent was 20 ml/hr and fractions of 5.6 ml were collected. Each fraction was analysed for Hg, Cd, Zn and Cu by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Fig. 1 shows gel filtration chromatogram of supernatant from the liver at 72 hr after Hg injection with the pretreatment of Cd. In M-part Cd, Zn, Hg and Cu and found within a same peak. In gel filtration chromatogram of supernatant from the liver of normal rat, the position corresponding to M-part held no peak of any one of these metals as shown in Fig. 2. The previous paper7) reported that the


ABSTRACT: The breast is rarely a primary site for extranodal lymphoma. Majority of primary Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of breast occurring in younger age group are bilateral and those in older age group are unilateral. They are of B cell phenotype. We report a rare case of Primary Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of Breast-B cell phenotype diagnosed on fine needle aspiration cytology and confirmed by histopathological examination and immunohistochemical markers. Keywords : Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma; Breast; Immunohistochemistry; Primary NHL of breast Internet Journal of Medical Update . 2013 January;8(1):34-36


Kant is an important figure in this book, but not as important as those, who say that the Prussian philosopher invented cosmopolitanism, believe it is. Rather, he takes a place towards the end of developments in ideas about cosmopolitanism that began for our purposes with Francisco de Vitoria in the sixteenth century and passed through thinkers such as Hugo Grotius, Samuel Pufendorf, Christian Wolff, Emer de Vattel and British Enlightenment figures such as David Hume and Adam Smith. A chapter towards the end that deals with early ideas about immigration rights does not have much to say about Kant, but does canvass the ideas of Pufendorf, Vattel, Johann Caspar Bluntschli and Alfred Verdross. One conclusion we can draw is that ideas about cosmopolitanism in the early modern period were much richer than many have thought. In this field one must start with definitions. Cavallar begins with a definition of cosmopolitanism as the belief that all humans belong to one single, global community. He follows that with a nice (and necessary) set of distinctions among moral cosmopolitanism (normative individualism, universality, equality, and generality), natural law cosmopolitanism (the historical source of moral cosmopolitanism), political cosmopolitanism (requiring a global legal world order) and cultural cosmopolitanism (appreciation of the diversity of world cultures). Together, they mean rejecting nationalism, narrow communitarianism, statism, political realism, multiculturalism, postmodern relativism and more (except in their weakest, little more than symbolic, forms). There can be such things as Christian cosmopolitans and liberal cosmopolitans, if they meet certain standards. Vitoria, Grotius, Pufendorf, Wolff and Vattel have recently suffered a lot of flak for allegedly endorsing European colonialism and exploitation. Cavallar is more subtle, noticing that Vitoria was shocked by the massacre of Atahualpa and that Grotius explicitly rejected some special rights for book reviews


Conventional methods for the estimation of the ultimate lateral pile load capacity are typically based on certain expressions of the lateral soil resistance pu and assumed distributions of the lateral soil pressure mobilized along the pile embedded depth. When soils are nonhomogenous, however, the application of conventional methods represents significant difficulties due to the nonlinear and irregular variation of pu with depth. In this study, a cone penetration test (CPT)-based methodology for the estimation of the ultimate lateral pile load capacity Hu was proposed, which can take full account of entire soil profile through the CPT cone resistance qc . A normalized correlation between qc and pu was proposed with correlation parameters corresponding to different existing methods. In order to validate the proposed CPT-based methodology, case examples of laterally loaded piles in various soil conditions were prepared and used to compare values of Hu from original and proposed methods. Calibration chamber ...


Objective To investigate the effect of hypoxia on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in breast carcinoma cells line (MD-MBA-435S) and the effect of arsenic trioxide (As_2O_3) on the expression of VEGF.Methods Hypoxia culture model in vitro was established.After cultured in hypoxia circumstance for 12 h and intervened by As_2O_3 (0.5 μmol/L, 2.0 μmol/L, 5.0 μmol/L respectively),the VEGF expression in MD-MBA-435S cells line was detected in mRNA level and protein level by RT-PCR,immunocytochemistry and Western blot.The effect of As_2O_3 on viability of the cells was tested by MTT analysis.Results As_2O_3 in 0.5 μmol/L, 2.0 μmol/L had little effect on cell viability,but 5.0 μmol/L As_2O_3 decreased significantly the viability of the cells.After cultured in hypoxia circumstance for 12 h,the VEGF expression was increased significantly in mRNA and protein levels.As_2O_3 at different concentrations had little effect on the VEGF expression in cells cultured under normoxia,but had significant effect on the cells cultured under hypoxia for 12 h.Conclusion VEGF gene and protein can be induced remarkably by hypoxia in breast carcinoma cells line.As_2O_3 had no effect on the VEGF expression in breast carcinoma cell under normoxia,but inhibited significantly the expression of VEGF under hypoxia,which might be contributed to the mechanism by regulating the upstream gene of VEGF.


Dark World and the Standard Model. (August 2006) Gang Zhao, B.S., Nankai University Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Dimitri Nanopolous The most popular way to achieve accelerated expansion of the universe is by introducing a scalar field in which motion of state varies with time. The accelerated expanded universe was first observed by Type Ia supernovae and future confirmed by the latest of CMB (Cosmic Microwave Background). The reason for the accelerated universe is the existence of dark energy. In this dissertation, we discuss the relationship between dark matter, dark energy, reheating and the standard model, and we find that it is possible for us to unify dark energy, dark matter and a reheating field into one scalar field. There is a very important stage called inflationary, and we find that the residue of the inflationary field, which is also described by a scalar field, can form bubbles in our universe due to the gravity force. We discuss that these bubbles are stable since they are trapped in their potential wells, and the bubbles can be a candidate for dark matter. We also discuss the scalar singlet filed, with the simplest interaction with the Higgs field, and we find that a static, classical droplet can be formed. The physics picture of the droplet is natural, and it


Anomalous SA (saturable absorption) in presence of reverse saturable absorption (RSA) in Rhodamine-700 is reported employing Z-scan with 100 ns, 250 Hz pulses in methanol. SA is observed only at a particular intensity range otherwise RSA survives.


St Gregoire Palamas is one of the most important representatives of the orthodox theology and hesychast spirituality, Yet, he is not very well-known in Europe and rarely mentioned in the ecumenical discourse. This all-encompassing presentation intends to show that, while respecting it, his thinking opens new paths for the knowledge of God's unspeakable mystery, revealed through Christ and made available to men by "uncreated energies".


Carboniferous volcano-sedimentary basin of West Tianshan was an epicontinental one formed in Muyunkum-Kyzykum-Ili microplate,as well as being the evolution process of Ili Carboniferous-Permian rift zone,and experienced pull-apart to stabilization to pull-apart and volcanic activity being strenuous to quiet to strenuous and controlled Fe mineralization of volcanic,volcanic-sedimentary and chemical-sedimentary actions,which formed sea-faces volcanic-sedimentary Fe(Mn) deposits in West Tiansh.From the center of volcanic activity to far,mineralization type has a mark of volcanic erupt pile to volcanic-sedimentary to chemical sedimentary regularity.


The coke deposition behavior of hydrocracking catalyst has been studied using TG and microreactor. For reactant alkenes, the amount of coke deposited on the catalyst is slightly decreased with the increase of carbon chain length; for reactant alkanes, the amount of coke deposited on the catalyst is remarkably increased with the increase of carbon chain length, and the coke tends to deposit into macropores of the catalyst. If the carbon chain length of the reactants is the same, the more double bonds they have, the more coke deposits onto the catalyst.


In the aftermath of the recent fi nancial crisis, a variety of taxes on fi nancial institutions have been proposed or enacted. The justifi cations for these taxes range from punishing those deemed to have caused or unduly profi ted from the crisis, to addressing the budgetary costs of the crisis, to better aligning banks' and bank executives' incentives in light of the broader social costs and benefi ts of their actions. Although there is a long-standing literature on corrective, or Pigouvian, taxation, most of it has been applied to environmental externalities, and the externalities that arise from the actions of fi nancial institutions are structurally different. This paper reviews the justifi cations for special taxes on fi nancial institutions, and addresses what kinds of taxes are most likely to achieve the various stated objectives, which often are in confl ict. It then critically assesses the principal taxes that have been proposed or enacted to date: fi nancial transactions taxes, bonus taxes, and taxes on fi rms in the fi nancial sector based on size, bank liabilities, or excess profi ts.


We describe case of nonobese, North Indian man involved in daily moderate to vigorous activity, who presented for routine biochemical profile. On centrifugation blood was found to be highly lipemic and lipid profile was grossly deranged. He had combined hyperlipidemia with predominant hypertriglyceridemia, highly raised apolipoprotein B and uric acid. The patient was further evaluated, started on combination therapy with statins and fibrates and followed weekly for next six weeks. Only a positive dietary history of high carbohydrate and fat intake could be elucidated. At baseline, total cholesterol was 789 mg/dl and serum triglycerides were 2400 mg/dl. His uric acid and apolipoprotein B levels were 11.1 mg/dl and 697 mg/dl respectively. The patient remained asymptomatic throughout the follow-up and showed a dramatic improvement in uric acid levels and lipid profile including Apolipoprotein B. In rare cases like the present one, massive hypertriglyceridemia may remain silent over many years without any clinical presentation.