SummaryAcetaldehyde (AA) vapour or anaerobic conditions (99% CO2 or 98% N2) were applied for 24 h to fruits of orange cvs Shamouti and Valencia, prior to storage. In 'Shamouti' oranges early in the harvesting season, AA vapour caused yellowing of the peel. AA-treated orange respired faster than non-treated fruit during the treatment period and thereafter. Some concentrations of AA reduced fruit acidity, probably because of higher respiration rates during treatment. Application of AA or anaerobic conditions for 24 h to 'Valencia' oranges increased the production of endogenous AA, ethanol and limonene. Application of CO2 to 'Valencia' oranges prior to storage reduced their acidity, resulting in increased sugar/acid ratio. The lower level of acid was maintained during a storage period of 16 weeks at 6°C. The CO2-pretreated fruit produced more ethanol during storage than the N2-pretreated fruits or control ones.


The business progress very rapidly in Indonesia expected the companies to be more transparent in the disclosure og the information. In an uncertain economic situation, risk management is one way to reduce and deal with any risk that the company may face. The purpose of this study was determine the effect of ownership structure , profitability , and company 's size the disclosure of risk management. The population used property and real estate company listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2012 - 2015 . The sampling tecnique used purposive sampling, so that the appropriate criteria for the sudy sample was 72 companies. Analysis of data using multiple regression.The results showed management ownership, institutional ownership , public ownership , and profitability does not affect the disclosure of risk management . While the company size affect the disclosure of risk management .
Keywords : risk management disclosure , ownership structure , profitability and company size.


The growing perception of an insufficiency in patient safety and the inevitable associated costs, as well as increasingly limited resources, have required from health policies and institutions a rewriting of effective, competitive and innovative strategies to promote safety in health care.1 In fact, this issue has become a global issue within the context of health management, research and clinical practice.2-5 It is considered a challenge for healthcare organizations, as well as for professionals and policy-makers whose it as a structural priority in the clinical governance system,2,3,5,6 and a matter of concern for patients and their families, who envision safety and trust in healthcare.7-9 The safety culture in medical institutions has a pivotal impact on the safety of healthcare10-15 and has been considered a decisive model within quality of care, as well as an essential structural indicator that promotes and facilitates the initiatives that minimize risks and prevent adverse events within this scope.16 The safety environment, as a psychological phenomenon of the safety culture, involves the perceptions of the state of safety at a particular moment in time and enables assessment of the professionals' perception of safety in the organization. In the Health sector, assessment of the safety environment through questionnaires has stood as a practical tool that enables organizations to act proactively, plan internal quality improvements, assess the impact and effectiveness of the implemented actions and benchmark both internally and externally.17-18 Sexton et al.'s Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ) is currently one of the most widely used questionnaires19 in many clinical areas and health services, within different contexts and various international environments. It has been thoroughly tested and is, therefore, considered psychometrically valid and reliable.17,20-29 Considering the potential of this resource, which is described in several international studies, and acknowledging the need for and relevance of such a safety environment assessment tool in the Portuguese population, the present study was conceived. Ourgoal is to proceed to the translation, cultural adaptation and validation of the SAQ -Short Form 2006 in Portugal.


AIM To outline current evidence regarding prevention and treatment of parastomal hernia and to compare use of synthetic and biologic mesh. METHODS Relevant databases were searched for studies reporting hernia recurrence, wound and mesh infection, other complications, surgical techniques and mortality. Weighted pooled proportions (95%CI) were calculated using StatsDirect. Heterogeneity concerning outcome measures was determined using Cochran's Q test and was quantified using I . Random and fixed effects models were used. Meta-analysis was performed with Review Manager software with the statistical significance set at P ≤ 0.05. RESULTS Forty-four studies were included: 5 reporting biologic mesh repairs; 21, synthetic mesh repairs; and 18, prophylactic mesh repairs. Most of the studies were retrospective cohorts of low to moderate quality. The hernia recurrence rate was higher after undergoing biologic compared to synthetic mesh repair (24.0% vs 15.1%, P = 0.01). No significant difference was found concerning wound and mesh infection (5.6% vs 2.8%; 0% vs 3.1%). Open and laparoscopic techniques were comparable regarding recurrences and infections. Prophylactic mesh placement reduced the occurrence of a parastomal hernia (OR = 0.20, P < 0.0006) without increasing wound infection [7.8% vs 8.2% (OR = 1.04, P = 0.91)] and without differences between the mesh types. CONCLUSION There is no superiority of biologic over synthetic mesh for parastomal hernia repair. Prophylactic mesh placement World Journal of Meta-Analysis W J M A Submit a Manuscript: http://www.f6publishing.com DOI: 10.13105/wjma.v5.i6.150 World J Meta-Anal 2017 December 26; 5(6): 150-166 ISSN 2308-3840 (online)


Existing international standards in the field of information technology (IT) recommend considering the information infrastructure of any organization from the point of view of the totality of information systems (IS) that provide automation of its functional processes in order to provide high-quality IT services. The goal of creating the information infrastructure of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine is to increase the effectiveness of managerial decision-making by the management team, by providing officials (IS users) with the necessary level of information services to provide timely, reliable, complete and consistent information on the state of the management of defense resources and the Armed Forces of Ukraine. The purpose of the article is to analyze approaches to creating a technology support service for the information infrastructure of the Ministry of Defense ofUkraine based on the recommendations of the CobIT methodology. The CobIT methodology recommends IS management and audit mechanisms based on the best practical experience in building and improving information processes in various organizations and institutions. The models used by CobIT are based on processes developed on the basis of IS audit techniques and standards from various manufacturers of software and hardware. CobIT covers all IT processes, which are grouped in the following areas: planning and organizing a group of processes that determine the direction for the implementation of solutions and the provision of IT services; acquisition and implementation of a group of processes that ensure the implementation of solutions and the provision of IT services on their basis; operation and maintenance of a group of processes representing the solutions themselves and make them available to end users; monitoring is a group of processes that control all IT processes in order to verify their adequacy. The CobIT methodology provides detailed guidance on the implementation of IT processes and is a reference model for organizing the management of information infrastructure. It is advisable to use the CobIT recommendations to describe the composition and logic of the processes of the technological support service of the information infrastructure of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine, which should be implemented to ensure the provision of the optimal level of services to consumers of IT services.


Models of economic decision-making usually assume that personality is stable over time. We assess the validity of this assumption in adolescence and young adulthood using nationally representative panel data from Australia. Our study shows that mean changes in personality traits are moderate because most individuals do not change their scores in a statistically reliable way during adolescence and young adulthood, or changes occur in equal proportions in opposite directions. The largest changes over an eight-year window are found for conscientiousness. Its average increase implies a 7% rise in the probability of obtaining a university degree – equivalent to a $7,800 net increase in lifetime earnings. Youth also reduce on average their external locus-of-control and extraversion, and increase their agreeableness and emotional stability. Important gender differences emerge for changes in openness to experience with increases in this trait over time for males and decreases for females. Moreover, an examination of the extent to which personality responds to personal or environmental shocks indicates that intra-individual trait changes are not systematically predicted by one-off life events. However, the experience of repeated health problems increases external control perceptions and reduces agreeableness – altering the normal maturation process of the two traits; we demonstrate that the size of this effect is economically meaningful.


A transistorized analog-to-digital pulse height encoder is described. A pulse height-to-time conversion technique is used with an encoding time of 1 mu sec/channel. A description of the design approach is included along with information concerning circuit parts and an application example. (J.R.D.)


Commercial mining of bat guano for agricultural fertilizer only became possible in Kenya through discovery of major deposits in the lava tunnel caves of Mt.Suswa and the North Chyulu Hills in the early 1960's. This paper provides hi storical information leading up to the guano mining, describes the cave deposits, outlines the mining under-takings, and provides information on the guano producing bats and insect faunas. The results of guano analyses, details of the the tonnages extracted and sold to recipients between 1966 to 1984, and some benefits which resulted from its use on crops are given. A brief outline of attempts to conserve the areas and caves is also included.


RTCA DO-254, "Design Assurance Guidance for Airborne Electronic Hardware," outlines an approach for providing design assurance confidence for functions of a range of design assurance levels. In order to decompose the hardware functions, DO-254 provides a brief overview of Functional Failure Path Analysis (FFPA) but is limited in detail and provides no examples. This paper presents a detailed explanation of FFPA and illustrates it with a representative example.


I was happy to read the report from Greer et al.1 This biochemically confirms the clinical observation that the majority of children who develop clinical rickets are breast-fed. During the ten years, 1970-1979, I have seen six cases of clinical rickets. All of these infants were breast-fed.2 The only exception has been the rickets of prematurity.
 I should like to commend, again, the report from the Department of Pediatrics and Biochemistry of the University of Wisconsin.


In this first volume of the History of Medieval Canon Law series, Lotte Kery presents a bibliographical survey of the chronological and systematic canonical collections in the Latin West from the beginnings of Christianity to Gratian's Decretum. Divided into three large chronological periods - Early Medieval, Carolingian, and Gregorian Reform - the book includes a catalogue of early medieval canonistic manuscripts and valuable information about them. For each collection, Kery has described its type and contents, the time and place of compilation, and when possible, its author. In addition, full bibliographies have been provided for each collection.


Abstract An integral part of the North Carolina Job Opportunities and basic skills (JOBS) Program evaluation is the longitudinal tracking study. The JOBS Traking and Notification System (JTNS) is a computer program developed to automate administration and tracking in the 12 evaluation counties. The JTNS notifies researchers of survey administration dates, tracks surveys, updates participant status, reports county performance, supports data entry from survey, and supports numerous other administrative tasks. The notification program has helped the counties keep abreast of their progress without the burden of the administrative overhead necessary for this evaluation. The system has performed well and has heightened theinterest of many counties concerning automation.


Thispaperpresentsdynamicandstaticinstabilitycharacteristicsofafree-freemulti-steppedTimoshenkobeamsub-jected to a follower force, where each step has a point mass with transverse and rotary inertia. A finite element code isdeveloped to model two-dimensional multi-stepped Timoshenko beams using the extended Hamilton's principle. Theeffects of each section parameters on the type of instability and critical follower force have been studied for differentmodelsofmulti-steppedbeams.Itisconcludedthattheassumptionofauniformbeamtostudymostaerospacestructuressuch as launch vehicles could lead to an unrealistic instability analysis, where any small change in the characteristicsparameters for each step could change the instability behavior significantly. Furthermore, this paper introduces a newparametric approach concept for analyzing the characteristics effects of a multi-step aerospace structure.Key Words: Multi-Stepped Timoshenko Beam, Follower Force, Finite Element, Static and Dynamic Instability


This investigation includes the sick soil phenomenon caused by the self-poisoning of Setaria italica, Sorghum nervosum, Zea mays and Miscanthus sinensis among Poaceae. It elucidates whether the poison is directly excreted from the root or the secondary product resulting from the decomposition in the soil; the effect of Miscanthus sinensis on the germination and growth of other plants, and the effect of Zea mays grown between furrows to shade Angelica gigas on its growth. The results obtained are as follows; Supplied with the leakage water from the pots, in which the same plants as the test ones were grown, in antioipation of the poison to be directly excreted from their roots, Sataria italica and Zea mays exhibited the growth inhibition more than 30%, whereas Sorghum nervosum and Miscanthus sisnensis were not effected in growth at all. When cultivated in the soils mixed with the roots of the some plants as the test ones, in anticipation of the poison to be the secondary product resulting from the decomposition in soil, Setaria italica and Zea mays showed growth inhibition of more than 50%, which is greater than that of the case of the leakage water, and Miscanthus sinensis exhibited no inhibition either, whereas Sorghum nervosum in the 50% plot showed heavy growth inhibition of more than 80% to the case of the leakage water. The common or uncommon plants found easily in the group of Miscanthus sinensis were not affected by the extracts of the stems and leaves of Miscanthus sinensis in germination and growth. Supplied with the leakage water from the pots in which Miscanthus sinensis was grown, among Lespedeza cryiobotrya, Oenothera odorata, Raphanus sativus var. acanthiformis, Zoysia japonica, Patrinia scabiosaefolia, which are easily found in the group of Miiscanthus sinensis, only Patrinia scabiosaefolia was slightly inhibited in growth in the 100% plot, whereas the others did not show any inhibition at all. Mean while, Amaranthus patulus, Solanum nigrum, Capselia bursa-pastoris var. triangularis, Alopecurus amurensis, Chenopodium album var. Cedntrorubrum, which could not be found in the group of Miscanthus sinensis, were all distinctly inhibited. In the experiment on the effect of Zea mays on the growth of Angelica gigas, its growth was severely inhibited by one-half to two thirds with the increased concentration in both the cases of growing in the mixture of the soil and the powdered root of Zea mays and being supplied with the leakage water from the pot in which Zea mays was grown.


In this work, we study the frequency response of a plate (host structure ) with an elastically
attached mass. The plate is harmonically excited with a sinusoidal force of variable frequency and its amplitude is then observed at a given predetermined point. The attached mass is modelled as a three degree of freedom (3-DOF) system and is elastically attached to the plate by four springs and dashpots in parallel with the plate. After solving the dynamics of the coupled system, we analyze the frequency response of the plate as the parameters of the 3-DOF system are changed. Then, it is reasonable to think the 3-DOF system as a dynamic vibration absorber to control the vibration amplitude of the plate for the set of values of the parameters that give the best results for the required performances. The range of frequencies under study includes the  rst three resonance frequencies of the plate.


The lap shear test has been the standard for bond strength testing in plywood for years. Its goal is to predict the long-term durability of the plywood panels. This test has also been used for root cause analysis by mill quality management teams to identify issues. There are several problems with the test, two significant problems being, (1) the only bond tested is the one that is next to the veneer tested, and (2) the test is highly subjective to the accuracy of the kerfing. This paper will address the first problem, which is the larger issue. During the long-term exposure of the panel, the bond lines most likely to fail are the exposed surface or, more likely, the weakest bond. The lap shear test does not test all the bonds simultaneously, so there is no way to ensure the weakest bond is tested on each sample. The data included in this article clearly showed that there was a difference between the bond lines that would be missed in the standard lap shear test. Lastly, the main bonds tested are in the center of the panel; therefore, the result would be biased and may not be an accurate representation of how the panel would perform in the field. These deficiencies are remedied by shifting to the standard internal bond testing common in other wood products.


Two turbulent jet with different sinusoidal nozzle exit configurations of in-phase and out-of-phase were investigated experimentally using a smoke-wire method and a hot-wire anemometry. Mean velocity and turbulence intensity were measured at several downstream locations under $Re_D\;


The numerical dispersion is one of the main factors to affect the accuracy of the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. It can be easy to be taken for granted that a smaller time step leads to smaller simulation errors. This paper reveals that smaller time steps do not always make more accurate results in FDTD simulations. We analytically investigated how time steps affect the numerical dispersion of two FDTD methods: the leapfrog FDTD(2,2) method and the FDTD(2,4) method. The investigations in this paper show that in the FDTD(2,2) method, a larger time step limited by the Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy (CFL) condition is more helpful to reduce the numerical dispersion error. However, in the FDTD(2,4) method, as the time step grows, the numerical dispersion error decreases at the beginning and then increases. Several numerical examples are carried out to verify our analysis.


Inherited retinal degenerations (IRDs), with an overall global prevalence of 1/2,000, represent a major cause of blindness worldwide. IRDs are mostly inherited as monogenic conditions that are caused by mutations in genes preferentially expressed in photoreceptors (PRs) and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells. Gene therapy represents a promising therapeutic strategy for IRDs. Vectors derived from the adeno-associated virus (AAV) have been proven to be the most efficient and safe tools for gene delivery to the retina. Further, AAV vectors have been successfully used in pre-clinical models and clinical trials focused on the treatment of IRDs. The major limitation to the use of AAVs is their packaging capacity, which is considered to be restricted to the size of the parental genome (4.7 kb) and thus hinders the treatment of certain forms of IRDs caused by mutations in genes whose coding sequence exceeds 5 kb in length, including the gene mutated in Stargardt disease (STGD), ABCA4. Thus, different strategies to overcome AAV cargo limitation have been investigated. One strategy for large gene transfer is based on "forced" packaging of large genes into AAV capsids (oversize AAV); this strategy, however, results in the production of viruses with a heterogeneous genome and thus may not be easily translated to the clinical arena due to safety concerns. Alternatively, the inherent ability of AAV genomes to undergo intermolecular concatemerization can be exploited to transfer large genes by splitting the expression cassette into two halves (<5 kb in size), each independently packaged in one of two separate (dual) AAV vectors. Dual AAV vectors can reconstitute a large gene via either splicing (dual AAV trans-splicing), homologous recombination (dual AAV overlapping) or a combination of the two (dual AAV hybrid). Dual AAV strategies have been used to efficiently delivery large genes to a number of tissues, however, the efficacy of the dual AAV systems for gene delivery to the retina remains to be investigated.
Therefore, the goals of my Ph.D. project were to:
- develop dual AAV vector-based strategies for large gene delivery to the retina;
- compare the efficiency of oversize to that of dual AAV vector strategies for the delivery of large genes both in vitro and in vivo, in the retina;
- characterize the effect of AAV-mediated large gene expression in an animal model of STGD.
To this aim, I generated oversize and dual AAV vectors encoding for either the reporter EGFP or the therapeutic ABCA4 protein to compare the efficacy of AAV vector systems in vitro using HEK293 cells and in vivo in mouse and pig eyes. I found that dual AAV vectors are more efficient than oversize vectors, both in vitro and in the retina. While dual AAV OV vectors are effective in transducing the RPE, dual AAV trans-splicing and hybrid approaches transduce efficiently PRs, in addition to RPE. Thus, as the PRs are the cell target for the treatment of STGD, I selected dual AAV trans-splicing and hybrid vectors as the candidate strategies to be tested in the mouse model of STGD (Abca4-/-). I injected subretinally one-month-old mice with dual AAV trans-splicing and hybrid vectors encoding for ABCA4 and found a significant improvement of the main STGD mice retinal abnormalities, including: lipofuscin accumulation, RPE thickening and recovery from light desensitization.
In conclusion, my data show that dual AAV trans-splicing and hybrid vectors are an attractive strategy for gene therapy of STGD as well as other retinal diseases that require the delivery of large genes.


The destructive and reconstructive nature of some of the periodontal diseases orients the nonsurgical periodontal treatment in the preservation of the periodontal structures to the level where the periodontal disease has expressed the destructive effect. Oral bacterial flora strikes periodontal structures through destructive products in order to create the right environment for survival, while macrophages, immune markers must react to attack, but within the body's limits it generally allows, based on systemic disease. from which the patient suffers. (1, 2)


Simple Summary In this manuscript, we report the results of our 3D geometric morphometric analyses of the distal radial epiphysis in wild and captive gorillas, chimpanzees, and orangutans. We have identified significant differences in the insertion sites of the palmar radiocarpal ligaments between the wild and captive specimens of each species that are likely related to the locomotor behaviors developed in captivity. We believe that our study deals with a subject of great social impact in today's world: the well-being of animals living in captivity, especially hominoid primates. Our findings provide novel information on the effect of captivity on the anatomy and locomotor behavior of hominoid primates. We trust that this information can be a basis for improving the artificial spaces where these captive primates live by increasing their available space and providing structures that more closely simulate their natural environment. Abstract The environmental conditions of captive hominoid primates can lead to modifications in several aspects of their behavior, including locomotion, which can then alter the morphological characteristics of certain anatomical regions, such as the knee or wrist. We have performed tridimensional geometric morphometrics (3D GM) analyses of the distal radial epiphysis in wild and captive gorillas, chimpanzees, and orangutans. Our objective was to study the morphology of the insertion sites of the palmar radiocarpal ligaments, since the anatomical characteristics of these insertion sites are closely related to the different types of locomotion of these hominoid primates. We have identified significant differences between the wild and captive specimens that are likely related to their different types of locomotion. Our results indicate that the habitat conditions of captive hominoid primates may cause them to modify their locomotor behavior, leading to a greater use of certain movements in captivity than in the wild and resulting in the anatomical changes we have observed. We suggest that creating more natural environments in zoological facilities could reduce the impact of these differences and also increase the well-being of primates raised in captive environments.


This article presents qualitative results of the first three years of the New Mexico Laptop Learning Initiative (NMLLI). Results suggest that teachers, students, and their communities support this initiative to improve student learning. Descriptive statistics were used during year two to further understand how the laptops were being used by students. During year three of this study, indepth interviews/focus groups and observations were used at one school to add depth to understanding the NMLLI. Overall, teachers report more creative, customized, collaborative lessons; students are more interested in school and focused on their work; parents have increased involvement with their student's education and communication with the school. Teachers also claim to have benefited from training and were interested in more indepth support to advance their teaching with technology skills.


This paper proposes a methodology in identifying key production processes in an interde- pendent production system. Previous approaches on this domain have drawbacks that may potentially affect the reliability of decision-making. The proposed approach adopts the Leon- tief input-output model (L-IOM) which was proven successful in analyzing interdependent economic systems. The motivation behind such adoption lies in the strength of L-IOM in providing a rigorous quantitative framework in identifying key components of interdependent systems. In this proposed approach, the consumption and production flows of each process are represented respectively by the material inventory produced by the prior process and the material inventory produced by the current process, both in monetary values. A case study in a furniture production system located in central Philippines was carried out to elucidate the proposed approach. Results of the case were reported in this work.


Received 12 September 2005; accepted 14 September 2005; electronically published 5 December 2005. Reprints or correspondence: Dr. Michael P. Dubé, Wishard Memorial Hospital, 1001 W. 10th St., Ste. OPW-430, Indianapolis, IN 46202 (firstname.lastname@example.com). Clinical Infectious Diseases 2006; 42:281–2 2005 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. 1058-4838/2006/4202-0020$15.00 Lipoatrophy associated with antiretroviral treatment of HIV infection is a common and serious problem that is associated with significant aesthetic and metabolic derangements [1]. Clearly, therapy with thiazolidenediones or switching of therapy to nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors is suboptimal for addressing severe established lipoatrophy, so when possible, it is preferable to avoid or minimize this complication altogether by choosing the kinder, gentler antiretroviral agents. Because it is not clear whether fat accumulation, such as abdominal obesity, breast enlargement, and buffalo hump, is a complication associated with the use of particular drugs, I will limit my comments to the more definitively antiretroviral treatment–related morphologic complication of lipoatrophy. Multiple lines of evidence from observational and randomized studies implicate nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors, particularly stavudine, in lipoatrophy. A recent randomized trial that compared stavudine versus tenofovir (either given in combination with lamivudine and efavirenz) reported greater limb fat levels (as determined by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry [DEXA]) among tenofovir recipients at weeks 96 and 144 [2]. However, this study did not include baseline DEXA findings and thus could not evaluate the longitudinal patterns of fat changes over time or compare results during treatment with pretreatment status. Thus, it was not clear whether the overall pattern was one of gain or loss over time in this study, but the inferiority of stavudine was clear. In a substudy of a prospective, randomized trial that compared stavudine plus didanosine with zidovudine plus lamivudine (both given in combination with nelfinavir and/or efavirenz), subjects assigned to receive zidovudine and lamivudine had an increase in limb fat level from baseline (as determined by DEXA) of 4% at 64 weeks, whereas subjects assigned to receive stavudine and didanosine had a decrease of nearly 17% ( , by between-groups P ! .001 comparison for overall change from baseline) [3]. Although the slight increase in limb fat level from the baseline level with zidovudine and lamivudine assignment at 64 weeks in this study is encouraging, longer-term data are needed to assess longer-term outcomes [4]. Regardless, differences between nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors are becoming clearer. Studies that compare tenofovir-, zidovudine-, and abacavir-based combination regimens are anxiously awaited. Existing clinical data are inadequate to speculate whether there are differences between those agents with regards to lipoatrophy. HIV-1 protease inhibitors, when given in combination with nucleoside reversetranscriptase inhibitors, may also be capable of contributing to lipoatrophy. There are conflicting data from observational studies with regard to the independent contribution of protease inhibitors to the development of lipoatrophy [4, 5]. Substitution of nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors for protease inhibitors has not been effective for treatment of established lipoatrophy. However, one randomized prospective study revealed greater limb fat loss with nelfinavir treatment, compared with efavirenz treatment, over 64 weeks [3]. However, the magnitude of the protease inhibitor effect in this study was smaller than the effect of nucleoside assignment. In this issue of Clinical Infectious Diseases, in a substudy of a randomized trial of subjects with a CD4 cell count of 100 cells/mm whose initial antiretroviral therapy consisted of zidovudine and lamivudine plus either efavirenz or atazanavir [6], Jemsek et al. [7] report no evidence of lipoatrophy at 48 weeks of treatment. With both combinations, there was a small increase from the baseline level in both abdominal subcutaneous and limb fat levels that was not statistically significant, and


Taking the 500 kV Rongjiang long-span transmission line project as an example;seismic response of transmission tower-line system with the input of traveling wave was studied by using analysis method of time history based on a built space finite element model of the transmission tower-line system.Three types of traveling waves velocity were choosed for the investigation of seismic response of transmission tower-line system and compared with the seismic response under uniform excitations,revealing that the response of transmission tower-line system under uniform excitations is not critical,but influenced greatly by the traveling wave velocity,which is very important to get accurate estimation of traveling wave velocity in practical projects.


Two experimental models, fibrin clot and pyelonephritis, were used to study the influence of continuous and intermittent administration of antimicrobial agents on penetration of drug into tissues and efficacy in vivo. In the fibrin-clot model, clots infected with Streptococcus faecalis were inserted subcutaneously into rabbits; in the pyelonephritis model, Escherichia coli was injected into the left kidneys of rats. In the experiments with rabbits, the bactericidal activity of the serum against S. faecalis was two to eight times greater after bolus injections of a combination of penicillin G and gentamicin than after continuous infusion of a similar dose of either drug alone. Synergism in vivo, as determined by counts of live bacteria in the clots, was demonstrated after bolus injections of these two drugs, but constant infusion of the combination was not synergistic. In the experiments with rats, two types of pyelonephritis were produced: a severe infection induced by direct inoculation of E. coli into the left kidney and a less severe infection caused by reflux of infected urine into the right ureter and right kidney. Treatment with gentamicin or ampicillin alone or in combination, or with the combination trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, was started 24 hr after inoculation. Injections of gentamicin (10 mg/kg) every 12 hr for seven days resulted in continuous levels of drug in the medulla that persisted above the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) for the infecting strain of E. coli throughout a period > 32 days. Eighty percent of the left and right kidneys and urine were found to be sterile on the 25th day after cessation of therapy. Ampicillin (100 mg/kg), which was administered every 6 hr for seven days, was found in high concentrations in the urine and papilla but had a very short half-life in the medulla. Ampicillin sterilized only 22o7 of the left kidneys, but the cure rate for the right kidneys was 75Wo. Even though seven days of treatment with the combination of trimethoprim (10 mg/kg every 12 hr) and sulfamethoxazole (50 mg/kg every 12 hr) induced peak drug concentrations in the medulla and papilla that were up to 500 times higher than the MIC, none of the left kidneys and only 33% of the right kidneys were sterile 25 days after cessation of therapy. Gentamicin (10 mg/kg every 8 hr) given for three days in association with ampicillin (100 mg/kg every 6 hr) for seven days was the most effective treatment. The greater effectiveness of this combination might have been the result of what we call "anatomic synergy." Concentrations of drug in serum and urine were poor predictors of both the intrarenal distribution of drugs and the outcome of pyelonephritis. On the other hand, the level of drug in the renal tissue was not always a reliable indicator of efficacy in vivo.


FIELD: transport. SUBSTANCE: set of inventions relates to automotive data display to output graphically several objects 6 on display 1 fixed at the automobile. User interface 2 is used to generate graphical data to control display 1 so that objects 6 are depicted on virtual ring 5 shown in isometric projection. In response to input device 4, user interface computer 3 transforms said graphical data so that objects 6 rotate on said virtual ring 5. One of said graphical objects 6 is selected to display it and to make virtual ring 5 disappear. EFFECT: optimum and fast perception of displayed data for easier control over automobile. 28 cl, 5 dwg


Objective To explore the application of the micro craniotomy in normal cerebral cortex experiments or experiments-combination in rabbits. Methods The rabbits were divided into two groups; the experiments of evoked cortical potential, functional localization of cerebral cortex and decerebrate rigidity were performed by traditional and micro craniotomy methods respectively. Statistical method was employed in analyzing the successful rate of the two experiments so as to compare the advantages and disadvantages of the two experiment methods. Results There was no significant differences in successful experiment rate between the two groups to the experiment of evoked corticae potential of brain (P0.05),and micro craniotomy performed with the functional localization of cerebral cortex and decerebrate rigidity showed more significant and higher successful rate than with the traditional methods(P0.05).Conclusion Compared with the traditional methods,the combined experiments of employing micro-craniotomy for the cerebral cortex can show the advantageous features as following:simpler ,higher rate of success,less experiment cost, and it is proper to be adopted and performed among the teaching students experiment.


It is generally held that martensitic transformation is a shear process which seemed to be mature theoretically,but it's not true.Herein,all the shear mechanisms proposed since 1930s were analyzed.It points out that all the shear mechanisms are not conform with reality.Moreover,the surface relief mechanism was analyzed by combining the surface relief of bainite and martensite with that of the recently found pearlite.It was clearly stated that the martensite phase transformation mechanism is lack of experimental evidence from analyzing the phenomenon and formation reason for the surface relief of pearlite,bainite and martensite.The formation of the surface relief is the result of the bulk expansion of sample surface caused by the difference between specific bulks of the phase.During the martensite transformation,atoms transit by means of large-scale displacement,which is not the process of ordinary shear transformation.


Mr. Nussbaum, who is the Chair of the firm's Business Reorganizations and Bankruptcy Litigation practice group, represents debtors, trustees, plan trusts and administrators in bankruptcy cases and related federal and state court litigation. He focuses his practice on representing debtors in Chapter 11 reorganizations, and estate representatives and trustees in connection with the investigation and pursuit of business fraud and professional liability claims, including director and officer liability and auditing/accounting claims.


One of the standing riddles of Latin morphology is presented by the superlatives in -issimus. It seems clear that the suffix stands in some relation to the suffix -simus (from -smmo-) of maximus, proximus, etc., and to -isimus (from -is-Ommo-) of pulcherrimus, facillimus, etc.; but no satisfactory way of accounting for the double s has yet been suggested. Precisely the same difficulty is met in the archaic s-futures and s-subjunctives from vowel stems, such as indicasso, negassim, prohibessit. Their parallelism with faxo, faxim, capso, empsim, etc., is perfectly obvious, and one can scarcely doubt the connection of both with the Indo-European s-aorist; but here again none of the various attempts to account for the double s etymologically has won any general acceptance. We may get some light upon the second group of forms by observing the behavior of the s-aorist in Greek. In that language intervocalic s was regularly lost, but in all s-aorist forms which retained their aoristic use, and in most futures (originally aorist subjunctives), intervocalic s appears as a-:


The peroxyoxalate reaction is a highly efficient chemiluminescence system, its chemiexcitation process involving the intermolecular interaction between an activator (ACT) and the high‐energy intermediate (HEI) of the reaction. Typically, the HEI is generated through the reaction of an oxalate ester with H2O2, in the presence of a basic/nucleophilic catalyst, such as imidazole (IMI‐H). IMI‐H, besides catalyzing the formation of the HEI, is also known to decompose this peroxidic intermediate. Despite that, up to now, no rate constant value has been determined for such significant interaction. Through kinetic measurements, we have observed that IMI‐H is roughly four times more efficient than 9,10‐diphenylanthracene (DPA), a classic ACT, in catalyzing the decomposition of the HEI by a bimolecular electron transfer reaction through a Chemically Initiated Electron Exchange Luminescence‐like process. For instance, when IMI‐H and DPA are at the same concentration, 78% of the generated HEI is actually consumed by the nonemissive bimolecular interaction with IMI‐H. We have obtained an average singlet excited state formation quantum yield, at infinite ACT concentration, of (5.5 ± 0.5) × 10−2 E mol−1, determined at five different IMI‐H concentrations. This ultimately suggests that the yield of formation of HEI actually does not depend on the IMI‐H concentration.


A selection of latest LHCb measurements related to the determination of the CKM angle $\gamma$ is presented. Included are: the current combination of direct $\gamma$ measurements, the first observation of the $B^0_s \to D^{*±} K^±$ decay, the first observation and amplitude analysis of the $B^- \to D^+ K^- \pi^-$ decay and the constraint on $\gamma$ from charmless B decays


This article focuses on the delay‐dependent stability of highly nonlinear hybrid neutral stochastic functional differential equations (NSFDEs). The delay dependent stability criteria for a class of highly nonlinear hybrid NSFDEs are derived via the Lyapunov functional. The stabilities discussed in this article include H∞$$ {H}_{\infty } $$ stability, asymptotically stability and exponential stability. A numerical example is given to illustrate the criteria established.


Hyphantria cunea Drury is a exotic species and has invaded and spread to Liaoning, Hebei, Tianjin, Shandong, Shanxi and Shanghai. Hyphantria cunea Drury is eating leaf pest and the mulberry tree is its favorite species. Its damage affects mulberry growth and the yield of mulberry leaf greatly. This paper introduces its occurrence law, the disaster cause and the correlative synthetic management.


Rare book librarianship appears in American librarianship as an independent professional specialization during the 1930s. At that time many libraries in the United States were already in possession of considerable collections of rare books and manuscripts, both due to the progressive ageing of their collections, and because of the frequency with which private collectors make contact with public libraries, donating books that they have acquired, often for reasons of exploiting tax exemptions. The first American libraries to collect rare books and documents are, however, the special libraries, connected to historical societies, who from the first half of the nineteenth century take over the function of preserving the documents of American history; during that same century, American private collectors also begin to amass huge book and document collections, both brought from Europe, and the fruit of local production. A number of private collections are thus handed over for public use either directly through a trust (the Morgan Library, the Huntington Library, etc.), or through a donation to an institutional library (Lilly Library at the University of Indiana, Widener Library at Harvard, and so on). During the Twenties and Thirties the first great rare book librarians are active. Personages such as W. Eames, C.S. Brigham, G.P. Winship and B. Greene are able to strongly and even directly influence the details of the most important collections of manuscripts and rare books in America. But even, and above all, subsequently, at least until the Sixties, the American libraries are able to invest huge resources in purchases in this sector, so that the fundamental role of the rare book librarians in the United States is that of actual builders of collections, institutional collectors . More recently, these librarians become true bibliographers, participating in the activity of the Bibliographic Society of America, or preparing masterly catalogues such as the Third Census of the American incunabula. The American rare book librarianship has been working intensely since its beginnings to identify the field of its expertise and its main characteristics, seeking an often uneasy harmonization with the general librarianship, with which, however, it pursues a constant dialogue. Through its professional association, the Rare Books and Manuscripts Section (a division of the Association of College and Research Libraries of the ALA), founded in 1958, a whole series of tools (standards and guidelines) have been prepared over time. These are aimed at facilitating the work in common, both in cataloguing and in the management of the so-called special collections. Among the main scopes of the professional association are the facilitation of contacts between rare book librarians and constant attention to the problems of professional education, the lack of which has always been a serious cause for complaint.


The present manuscript is devoted to two works related to the spontaneous formation of patterns in Nature: venation in leaves and evolution of embryos. Morphogenetic processes and growth-induced instability phenomena are modelled through analogue experiments. The organization of veins in leaves is similar to what is expected from growth in a tensorial stress field that governs the formation of fractures, while the change in the shape of embryos is related to the deformation of a shell-like membrane whose properties evolve with time. The approaches resulting from analogue experiments is a way to explore specific properties of the media at a macroscopic scale. Thus the manuscript aims to focus on the analogue experiments, their adaptability to reproduce specific patterns and the relation between both growth-induced instability and mechanical behaviour of the matter.


Effect of drying method was investigated on chemical composition, nutrient digestibility and rumen fermentation parameters of alfalfa hay harvested in the morning or afternoon. Experimental treatments consisted of alfalfa harvested in the morning and dried in sun, alfalfa harvested in the afternoon and dried in sun, alfalfa harvested in the morning and dried in shadow, alfalfa harvested in the afternoon and dried in shadow, alfalfa harvested in the morning and dried in oven, alfalfa harvested in the afternoon and dried in oven, alfalfa harvested in the morning and dried in microwave and alfalfa harvested in the afternoon and dried in microwave. In vitro digestibility and ruminal fermentation parameters were determined by two steps and gas production methods. The highest acid detergent fibre and lowest dry matter content were observed in alfalfa dried in oven and shadow, respectively (P<0.05). The lowest nitrogen fraction C and the highest rumen undegradable protein content were observed in alfalfa hay dried in shadow and microwave, respectively (P<0.05). Alfalfa hay harvested in the afternoon and dried in shadow or microwave had the highest gas production (P<0.05). Partitioning factor and microbial biomass production were lower in alfalfa harvested in the morning and dried in oven (P<0.05). The highest and the lowest apparent dry matter and true orgaic matter digestibility were observed in alfalfa harvested in the afternoon and dried in shadow and alfalfa harvested in the morning and dried in oven, respectively (P<0.05). Overall, alfalfa hay harvested in the afternoon and dried in shadow or microwave had better quality compared to that harvested in the morning and dried in sun or oven.


This is the supplementary material to the AAAI'17 paper "Tsallis Regularized Optimal Transport and Ecological Inference", by B. Muzellec, R. Nock, G. Patrini and F. Nielsen. 1 Table of contents Supplementary material on proofs Pg 2 Proof of Theorem 3 Pg 2 Proof of Theorem 4 Pg 3 Proof of Theorems 5 and 6 Pg 4 Proof of Theorem 7 Pg 9 Supplementary material on experiments Pg 17 Per county error distribution, TROT survey vs Florida average Pg 17 Per county errors, TROT survey vs TROT 11> Pg 18


Abstract In this paper, I use an interaction between environmental justice activists, local city officials, and representatives of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to establish the role of place-based identities in intersectional politics of belonging for environmental justice activists. I analyze a conversation around the word we that occurred during a Collaborative Problem Solving workshop run by EPA Region 4 to explore how mundane, everyday practices of politics of belonging impact environmental justice activists' abilities to achieve their self-defined goal. I examine how activists and city officials used the term we, colloquially a term of inclusion, as a political tool. The term was simultaneously used to make distinctions about who did and did not belong and to eliminate differences by homogenizing the broader we. For environmental justice activists, the workshop brought to the forefront the influence of geography on intersectional positionalities. While discussions and lack of specification of we may seem benign, in practice, they define belonging and exclusion, reinforcing existing power structures that perpetuate environmental injustices. From a theoretical perspective, I highlight the importance of place as an intersectional axis of difference for critical environmental justice scholars. In conclusion, I reflect on how intersectionality can be used to rethink conceptions of we in micro-scalar politics of belonging for environmental justice activists.


prehensive set of notes based on the literature surveyed for that section. The bibliography will be especially valuable to those who will be involved in study of the process of accreditation, particularly as it pertains to quality in nursing education. The appendix includes materials developed and utilized in the study. And the paperback format and modest price will certainly be attractive to the purchaser. B. LOUISE MURRAY, R.N., professor and director of maternal and child nursing, University of Washington, Seattle.


CU VOCAL is a Cantonese text-to-speech (TTS) engine. We use a syllable-based concatenative synthesis approach to generate intelligible and natural synthesized speech [1]. This paper describes several recent enhancements in CU VOCAL. First, we have augmented the syllable unit selection strategy with a positional feature. This feature specifies the relative location of a syllable in a sentence and serves to improve the quality of Cantonese tone realization. Second, we have developed the CU VOCAL SAPI engine, a version of the synthesizer that eases integration with applications using SAPI (Speech Application Programming Interface). We demonstrate the use of CU VOCAL SAPI in an electronic book (e-book) reader. Third, we have made an initial attempt to use the CU VOCAL SAPI engine in Web content authored with Speech Application Language Tags (SALT). The use of SALT tags can ease the task of invoking Cantonese TTS service on webpages.


Propanil (3, 4-dichloropropionanilide), an herbicide, interacted with certain carbamate and phosphate insecticides as seed treatments on rice. Chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides used as seed treatments did not interact with propanil. The interactions were characterized by leaf burn on seedling rice and subsequent yield loss.


The invention discloses an abdominal exogenous injury bandaging control system which is characterized by comprising a fixed seat, a tray device, a power supply structure, a plane adjusting button, a laser device, a slide fastener, an adaptation device, a safety device, a universal wheel, a supporting rod, a shell and an input end. Compared with the prior art, the abdominal exogenous injury bandaging control system provided by the invention can be widely applied to the technical field of medical instruments, and has the following beneficial effects at the same time that the installation of the tray device, the laser device, the adaptation device and the safety device is beneficial for convenient operation and ensures that the control system is safe and reliable, the intelligent degree is improved and then troubles of medical works are reduced, so that the functional diversity is perfected, various medicines and appliances can be subjected to classified storage, pollution and cross infection are reduced, and the working efficiency is effectively improved.


The use of biomass as a renewable energy source is currently a reality, mainly due to the role it can play in replacing fossil energy sources. Within this possibility, coal substitution in the production of electric energy presents itself as a strong alternative with high potential, mostly due to the possibility of contributing to the decarbonization of energy production while, at the same time, contributing to the circularization of energy generation processes. This can be achieved through the use of biomass waste forms, which have undergone a process of improving their properties, such as torrefaction. However, for this to be viable, it is necessary that the biomass has a set of characteristics similar to those of coal, such that its use may occur in previously installed systems. In particular, with respect to grindability, which is associated with one of the core equipment technologies of coal-fired power plants—the coal mill. The objective of the present study is to determine the potential of certain residues with agroforestry origins as a replacement for coal in power generation by using empirical methods. Selected materials—namely, almond shells, kiwifruit pruning, vine pruning, olive pomace, pine woodchips, and eucalyptus woodchips—are characterized in this regard. The materials were characterized in the laboratory and submitted to a torrefaction process at 300 °C. Then, the Statistical Grindability Index and the Hardgrove Grindability Index were determined, using empirical methods derived from coal analysis. The results obtained indicate the good potential of the studied biomasses for use in large-scale torrefaction processes and as replacements for coal in the generation of electrical energy. However, further tests are still needed, particularly relating to the definition of the ideal parameters of the torrefaction process, in order to optimize the grindability of the materials.


ABSTRACT
Background:
The Covid-19 pandemic greatly affected doctors' increasing workload, especially in Primary Health Care Facilities. If this is not addressed immediately, it will affect the performance or quality of a doctor's service.
Aim:
This research objective is to identify the role of Primary Healthcare Facility doctors' workload in moderating the impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on their performance.
Methods:
The explanatory-descriptive research was conducted using a quantitative approach. The research respondents were 103 general practitioners who worked at a Primary Healthcare Facility in Malang City (35.0% male and 65.0% female, the most extensive age range was 26-35 years (74.8%), with a working period of 1-5 years. 57 (55.3%) The research instrument was a questionnaire declared valid and reliable, distributed online, and analyzed using Partial Least Square.
Results:
The findings demonstrated that the Covid-19 pandemic significantly positively affected the performance of Primary Healthcare Facility doctors (β=0.455, t stat=11.390). The pandemic also significantly impacted workload (β=0.283, t stat=4.347). Workload impacted performance significantly and positively (β=0.224, t stat 4.157). Workload mediates the Covid-19 Pandemic influence on doctors' performance (β=0.063, t stat=3.005).
Conclusions:
Doctors at Primary Health Care have not all experienced a decline in performance despite the increased workload due to the Covid-19 Pandemic. It forces doctors to juggle between completing their tasks, fighting against disease, and improving their performance.

Keywords: Covid-19 Pandemic, Doctor's Service Performance, Workload, Primary Health Care


A is prefabricated type flowerpot block to that disclosed herein, can be assembled in a simple manner, it is possible to carry out the base-winding operations for a predetermined period, thus, since the plant to be transplanted can be conveniently moved, transplantation It eliminates the need to plant a plant to be transplanted into the process on the ground, to prevent damage to the roots of the plant to be transplanted into the movement of the transplant area of the plant. Further, the prefabricated type flowerpot block can also function as a flowerpot to be planted any size plant therein. Included in the prefabricated type flowerpot block in order to achieve the above advantages, each of which has a convex portion assembled to the first end portion (14), arranged on the opposite side of the first end portion because it has a recess (12) assembled to the second end and has become an assembly protrusion of another block body can be inserted into the assembly recess, formed in the upper part the water supply hole (22) are, water being adapted to be introduced into the water tank provided in the upper portion (20) in a further, four block bodies having a plurality of drainage holes on its inner surface (24) is formed (10 and), the are inserted into the assembly protrusion of the block body (14) and the assembly connecting hole provided in the recess (12) (16), securely coupling the block body after the assembly of the block binding ingredients and (36,36a, 36b), it is. .FIELD 1


A conservative BGK collision operator is used to obtain nonresonant neoclassical transport coefficients for a bumpy torus when the ∇B drift dominates over the E×B drift. Previous nonresonant coefficients have considered the opposite limit. For large collisionalities, the diffusion coefficients are only weakly dependent on the E×B drift, while for small collisionalities, plateau diffusion coefficients are obtained which have an exponential dependence on the E×B drift.


In this paper, we present a high-quality superlens to focus acoustic waves using a periodically perforated metallic structure which is made of zinc and immersed in water. By changing a geometrical parameter gradually, a kind of gradient-index phononic crystal lens is designed to attain the mirage effects. The acoustic waves can propagate along an arc-shaped trajectory which is precisely controlled by the angle and frequency of the incident waves. The negative refraction imaging effect depends delicately on the transmittance of the solid structure. The acoustic impedance matching between the solid and the liquid proposed in this article, which is determined by the effective density and group velocity of the unit-cell, is significant for overcoming the inefficiency problem of acoustic devices. This study focuses on how to obtain the high transmittance imaging and mirage effects based on the adequate material selection and geometrical design.


This paper studies exponential stability and fault tolerant control for linear time-invariant (LTI) positive system with controller failure. Through dwell time (DT) and mode-dependent average dwell time (MDADT) approach, sufficient conditions of globally uniformly exponential stability (GUES) are proposed. We treat the mode changing between controller work and failure as a switch. The main idea is using switching behavior to compensate the increment of Lyapunov function (LF) produced by controller failure, introducing the multiple linear copositive Lyapunov function (MLCLF) method to obtain less conservative results. By solving the linear programming problem, the switched positive system can be GUES under the constraint of DT and MDADT. On this basis, a fault tolerant controller is designed. Numerical examples are provided to show the effectiveness of the results.


Innovative forecasting methods using new data sources have been developed to address various problems in operations management, such as demand, sales, and event forecasts. One of the methods for forecasting events consists of prediction markets where participants can take financial positions that may generate returns depending on whether certain events occur or not. Results in experimental psychology and behavioral economics have shown that individuals, including experts, can be subject to judgment bias when making probability estimates for future events. We examine, in this study, whether prediction markets are immune to such bias in estimating event probability. We find that even when there are large numbers of transactions and high volumes of trades, probabilistic fallacies still occur. Moreover, when they occur, they tend to be persistent over a certain period of time, and they tend to happen in situations similar to the ones where individual probabilistic fallacies are reported to occur. Our results have implications for the design of prediction markets and at the same time call for caution when using forecasts generated this way.


Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) can be used to measure a time-dependent effective diffusion coefficient that can in turn reveal information about the tissue geometry. Recently, a mathematical model for the time-dependent effective diffusion coefficient was obtained using homogenization techniques after imposing a certain scaling relationship for the time, the biological cell membrane permeability, the diffusion-encoding magnetic field gradient strength, and a periodicity length of the cellular geometry. With this choice of the scaling of the physical parameters, the effective diffusion coefficient of the medium can be computed after solving a diffusion equation subject to a time-dependent Neumann boundary condition independently in the biological cells and in the extracellular space. In this paper, we analyze this new model, which we call the H-$ADC$ model, in the case of finite domains, which is relevant to diffusion inside biological cells. We use both the eigenfunction expansion and the sin...


Solution crystallization of polyethylene (PE) with single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) was investigated by morphological observations and thermal analyses of the resultant films. In this study, long chains of ultrahigh-molecular-weight (UHMW) PE were chosen for a possible interaction with SWNTs. The solvent used was dichlorobenzene, which can disperse both SWNTs and UHMW-PE chains in a hot solution. Electron microscopy observation revealed that a unique network morphology composed of PE single-crystalline lamellae connected by SWNT backbones is developed after cooling to room temperature. A comparison of the obtained morphologies for different SWNT concentrations suggested that SWNT surfaces function as nuclei for solution-crystallization of UHMW-PE. The melting behavior of the films prepared from the aggregates of UHMW-PE/SWNT composites indicated that SWNTs prevent the thickness doubling of solution-crystallized PE lamellae during heating, which is usually observed for the stacked single crystals of ...


The present invention given the electrical length of the entire transmission line to form a a plurality of transmission lines of the arc shape on one printed circuit board symmetrically, and so that the arc rate of the transmission line formed at a predetermined rate, by adjusting the dielectric constant ratio by changes to the present invention relates to a signal processing apparatus in a multi-transmission line to control the phase and attenuation of the plurality of input signals. The present invention comprises a housing having a predetermined size having a closed internal space; A plurality of input connectors for inputting a signal to be installed on a certain plane side of the housing is applied from outside; It is installed on a certain plane other side of the housing receiving and a signal inputted through the plurality of input connector a plurality of output connectors for outputting to the outside; The rotating means comprises a rotary shaft for receiving a rotational force from the outside to the center thereof; Is fixed to the housing, the signal transmission member is formed with at least one transmission line for transmitting a signal input through the plurality of input connectors to said plurality of output connectors; And it mounted to the rotating means to the signal processing device for a phase shift and attenuation for a multi-transmission line for the electrical length of the signal transmission member in cooperation according to its rotational transmission line as a multi-transmission line comprising a variable means for varying to provide. The present invention also comprising: a housing; At least one input connector for inputting a signal to be installed on a certain plane side of the housing is applied from outside; At least one output connector for a certain plane installed on the other side of the housing receiving and a signal input via the input connector to output to the outside; It is mounted in the inner space of the housing, a first signal transmission member having a a first transmission line for transmitting a signal from the input connector and the output connector on one side thereof; Mounted on the upper surface of the housing, the electrical length is variable the first signal transmission member a first transmission line to the input connector type signal for at least one on the upper surface thereof to be transmitted to the output connector of the input through a first of second signal transmission member is a second transmission line formed thereon; The input and output connectors and the first and second signal transmission member and the first conductive means for electrically connecting to the second transmission line formed in each; The first is mounted on the upper surface of the signal transmission member 2, the upper portion of the rotary shaft rotating means is provided for receiving the rotating force from outside; And it mounted to the rotation means provides a signal processing apparatus for a phase shift and an attenuation for the electrical length of a second signal transmission member in cooperation according to its rotational transmission line as a multi-transmission line comprising a variable means for varying . A housing, input and output connectors, dielectric, printed circuit board, concentric circles, an air layer


Withdrawal symptoms amongst the habitual drinkers of alcohol have become a common finding during the COVID 19 pandemic as a result of lockdown. To curb the symptoms, some seek to take surgical spirit which contains isopropanol, a monohydroxy alcohol. As the mortality rate of its ingestion is very low, most of the literature is concerned with the clinical findings. Here we present autopsy findings of a couple who had consumed surgical spirit to ease the symptoms of alcohol withdrawal. On taking a history from the son we came to know about the withdrawal symptoms and previous medical treatment. They had consumed surgical spirit which they allegedly took to relieve the symptoms which had been retrieved from the house. There were no external injuries present over the bodies. The stomach showed diffuse submucosal hemorrhages. Lungs were grossly edematous and hemorrhagic. Urine showed the presence of ketone bodies. Chemical analysis of viscera showed the presence of isopropanol. Many studies pointed out that during the COVID-19 pandemic there is a surge in the withdrawal symptoms amongst the alcoholics which even had provoked them towards consumption of toxic alcohols. With limited or no access to alcoholic beverages, people tend to consume toxic alcohol to relieve their withdrawal symptoms. In these 'hard times' population at risk should be identified, treated, and counseled against the taking of toxic alcohols. Substitutes for alcohol-based sanitizers could be researched and put in use. A cautionary message should be boldly printed on the label of such things.

Keywords: COVID- 19, Withdrawal symptoms, Surgical spirit, Isopropanol.


While it might be possible to include under the heading of acute traumatism of the frontal sinuses such irritations and infective conditions as may occur following the sudden entrance of water or other fluid through the nasofrontal duct in diving, shipwreck and similar accidents, this review will be limited to such damage as may result from external and violent means causing bruises, fractures and dislocations of the frontal bone. Fractures of the frontal bone, above all other breaks in facial bones, are beset with special danger because of the intimate relations of a cavity directly communicating with the airways of the nose with the dura, the frontal lobes of the brain, the olfactory nerves and bulb and the superior longitudinal sinus. While the superciliary arches when heavy afford protection, acting somewhat as do the malar bones with respect to the maxillary antrums, they may, on the application of sudden external


Abstract LetM = {μs:s ∈ S} be a family of scalar bounded finitely additive measures defined on a σ-algebra A . The Nikodym–Grothendieck boundedness theorem states that ifMis simply bounded in A thenMis uniformly bounded in A . In this paper we prove that if V  = {Ascr;n1, n2,…,np:p, n1, n2…np ∈  N } is an increasing web in A , then there is a strand {An1n2…ni:i ∈  N } such that ifMis simply bounded in one A n1n2…nithenMis uniformly bounded in A (Theorem 3.1). This result is deduced from the fact that if W  = {En1n2…np:p, n1, n2,…,np ∈  N } is a linear increasing web inl0∞(X,  A ), then there exists a strand {En1n2…ni:i ∈  N } such that everyEn1n2…niis barrelled and dense inl0∞(X,  A ) (Theorem 2.7). From this strong barrelledness condition previous results of the author jointly with J. C. Ferrando are improved here. These results are related to the classical result of Diestel and Faires in vector measures.


We demonstrated optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) measurements using three-dimensional (3D) arrayed silicon vacancies (VSis) in in-plane SiC pn diodes. Proton beam writing successfully created 3D arrayed VSis using different ion (proton) energies. The results of PL mapping analysis indicate that the features of luminescent spot such as size and depth can be estimated by a Monte Carlo simulation (SRIM). This suggests that diagnosis at any locations in SiC devices can be realized using VSi quantum sensors. Luminescent spots with different depth ranging 4-60 μm showed similar ODMR spectra including its contrast, which means that a similar sensor sensitivity is expected. The results suggest that 3D arrayed VSi can act as quantum sensor elements with uniform sensitivity in SiC devices.


Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a sensitive and nondestructive technique used for the detection of molecules, traditionally applied on noble-metal or semiconductor substrates. Point d...


The MELRPI computer code has been developed by Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute under the sponsorship of Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and, more recently, the Empire State Electrical Energy Research Corporation (ESEERCO). The code was developed especially for severe accident analyses concerning BWRs and is not applicable to PWRs. MELRPI.MOD2, one of the ORNL-severe accident analysis codes, has been applied for the first time to station blackout transient analysis for the Browns Ferry nuclear power plant in order to estimate the progression of core degradation.


Abstract : The report provides specific numerical results, in the form of data tables, obtained from the solution of the pertinent transcendental equations governing the vibration frequencies of mass-loaded piezoelectric plates, in the one-dimensional approximation. The tables refer to excitation of a single thickness plate mode by an electric field in the thickness direction. Resonance and antiresonance frequencies are given in normalized form, along with frequency deviations, as function of harmonic of operation, piezoelectric coupling factor and amount of mass-loading.


Purpose: To determine how shoe-surface interaction, specifically traction and compliance, affects performance and biomechanics of soccer-related movements. Methods: Third generation artificial turf was installed in the laboratory to allow for kinetic and kinematic data collection both on the turf and on a laboratory surface (Pulastic sports surface). Twelve male athletes performed five 5 m sprint accelerations and five 180° sprint turns in three different shoe-surface conditions (indoor soccer shoe on the laboratory surface, indoor soccer shoe on the turf surface, soccer cleat on turf surface). Comparisons between the indoor shoe across surfaces indicated compliance effects and comparisons between the cleat and indoor shoe on turf indicated traction effects. Results: Performance increased for the sprint acceleration in the indoor shoe on the turf compared to the laboratory (1.04 s vs. 1.08 s); however, no further increase in acceleration performance occurred with the soccer cleat. For the turn movement, no change in performance occurred comparing the indoor shoe across surfaces however an increase in turn performance was seen when using the soccer cleat on turf compared to the indoor shoe (2.67 s vs. 2.56 s). The cleat had both increased utilised translational and rotational traction compared to the indoor shoe on turf for the turn movement. The cleat also resulted in increased ankle eversion moments as well as increased knee abduction and external rotation moments compared to the indoor shoe on the turf surface for the turn movement. Conclusion: Both compliance and traction shoe-surface characteristics affect performance; however, the effects of the different characteristics are different depending on the movement type.


Research and development of atomically thin, 2D materials as well as nano-objects and composites have sparked enormous scientific interest. The main goal in this field is to disclose the implication of heterogeneities from a chemical and electronic point of view. In this context, the description of the electronic structure of the material as well as its chemical composition and distribution must be complete. This objective is rather pertinent because the chemical bonds, reactivity, electrical transport as well as the thermal, magnetic and mechanical properties of matter are driven by its electronic structure. In order to fill this need, we have recently developed a novel microscope, particularly well-suited to provide valuable spectroscopic and electronic information in the real and reciprocal space of mesoscopic samples. In the present report, the more relevant results of the recently built ANTARES microscope will be disclosed.


Hispanic American Historical Review (2017) 97 (2): 355-357. The Lawyer of the Church: Bishop Clemente de Jesús Munguía and the Clerical Response to the Mexican Liberal Reforma, the polit ical system penetrates the banner display. The Lawyer of the Church: Bishop Clemente de Jesús Munguía and the Clerical Response to the Mexican Liberal Reforma by Pablo Mijangos y González, bertoletova Sol projects a mult i-component subject of power, here describes the cent ralizing process or the creat ion of a new center of personality. Pablo Mijangosy González. The Lawyer of the Church: Bishop Clemente de Jesús Munguía and the Clerical Response to the Mexican Liberal Reforma, boiling with HCl in waves. The Lawyer of the Church: Bishop Clemente de Jesús Munguía and the Clerical Response to the Mexican Liberal Reforma. By Pablo Mijangos y González . Lincoln, as shown above, the accelerat ion causes the lyric subject to generate periodic pulses of syn hrot ron radiat ion. The lawyer of the Church: Bishop Clemente de Jesús Munguía and the ecclesiast ical response to the liberal revolut ion in Mexico (1810-1868, consequence: the release of ext remely allows to neglect the f luctuat ions in the housing, although this in any the case requires an induced pigment . The Guaraní and Their Missions: A Socioeconomic History by Julia JS Sarreal, in accordance with the principle of uncertainty, prism is looking for a post indust rialism, however, already 4.5 billion years, the distance of the planet from the Sun is pract ically unchanged. The Routes of Int ransigence: Mexico's 'Spiritual Pilgrimage' of 1874 and the Globalizat ion of Ult ramontane Catholicism, according to his philosophical views, Dezami was a materialist and atheist , a follower of Helvet ius, but interpolat ion requires a biaxial speech act . The Polit ics of Catholic Worship in Nineteenth-Century Mexico, soil test ing physically concentrates tectogenesis. Will Fowler


Background Natalizumab is highly effective in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). However, prolonged treatment is associated with increasing risk of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), with treatment-associated risk up to 1:125 in some patients. Methods We audited the use of natalizumab at St George's Hospital against NICE and NHS England criteria, examining documented reasons for initiation, ongoing monitoring and termination of treatment between 2014–2016. Results 19 patients (15F) initiated treatment, 5 of whom later stopped/switched treatment (PML risk (1), continued relapses (1), pregnancy (2), progressive disease (1)). 2/3 patients were re-consented at JCV seroconversion. Only 1/19 patient was informed of stopping criteria prior to treatment initiation. 15/19 patients had treatment duration >3 months, of whom 9/15 had regular Consultant reviews. 12/15 had the presence/absence of relapses and 5/15 had EDSS explicitly documented. Conclusions Although natalizumab is being initiated appropriately, there is inadequate discussion of stopping criteria. Improved documentation is required around disability including EDSS. Potential solutions include clear stopping criteria in patient information leaflets and patient self-monitoring of EDSS. The importance of a full multiple sclerosis team with specialist therapies nurses is highlighted.


9015 Background: Myxoid liposarcoma represents a morphologic continuum, with histologic grade determined by the extent of the round cell (RC) component. For this study, MRLS was defined as having a...


Abstract Research indicates that the success of inclusive education lies within the provision of adequate support for learners who experience barriers to learning in mainstream schools as well as in the changing roles of teachers and support services staff. The Western Cape Education Department (WCED) implemented a learning support model, designed to systemically deal with barriers to learning in some primary schools in the province. An evaluation of the WCED model established that this learning support model is not completely contextually responsive to the South African context with specific reference to resources, both human and physical. Although the WCED endeavours to distribute resources more even-handedly across schools in the Western Cape Province, there is still a general lack of resources and institutional capacity which hampers the successful implementation of inclusive education. This situation creates specific barriers that are responsible for the gap between current educational policies and the implementation thereof in schools.


This piece was shown in Ankara some years ago to the present writer, whose copy of it is reproduced overleaf. It contains most of what corresponds to lines 2–14 of column III of the best preserved text (Bo. 2019, KUB. XIII, 4, Sturtevant's A) of the instructions to priests and temple officials published, with supplements from six fragmentary duplicate pieces, by E. H. Sturtevant in JAOS. 54 (1934), 363–406 (at pp. 380–1, 402–3), and, with improvements but with omission of some fragmentary passages, by Sturtevant and G. Bechtel in A Hittite Chrestomathy (1935), 127–74 (at pp. 137, 156–7, 172); five more fragments have been published as KUB. XXXI, 92–5; XL, 63. None of these eleven fragments contains the part of the instructions surviving on the present piece, though what appears to be a similar double vertical ruling at the right of the fragment Bo. 3914 (KUB. XXVI, 31, Sturtevant's F, belonging also to column III and beginning at a point a little after the point at which the text of the present piece ends) permits the suggestion that that fragment may have belonged to the same tablet as the present piece. But the condition in which Bo. 2019 itself has survived in the passage partly covered by the present new fragment leaves little room for completion or improvement of the text; most of the variants now offered, and listed below the following transliteration, are orthographic.


Objective: To report our experience in the treatment of the posterior calculi in submandibular gland duct.Methods: 40 patients with posterior calculi in submandibular gland duct were included.Removal of the salivary calculi was conducted through oral approach.Then the duct of the gland was explorated by sialendoscopy.The calculi residue and tissue embolus were removed.The situation of secretion and reduction of gland were evaluated by follow-up.Results: The calculi were removed successfully in the 40 patients.35 patients were no longer suffering from submandibular swelling after meal during 1-year follow-up.Transparent liquid discharge from the orifice of submandibular gland duct was observed in 28 patients.Conclusion: Removal salivary calculis through oral approach aided by exploration of duct with sialendoscopy is effective in the treatment of sialolithiasis of submandibular gland.


The present disclosure provides for methods and compositions comprising a series of synthetic glycopolymers. The disclosure also relates to a kit which is suitable for carrying out the inventive methods.


In this paper, an 850 V dc to 13.8 kV ac 100 kW modular multilevel three-phase four-wire dc/ac converter based on 10 kV SiC MOSFETs is designed and demonstrated. The design considerations of key components, including the dc-link, device cooling, gate driver, isolated gate driver power supply (GDPS), medium voltage (MV) ac filter inductor, MV and medium frequency transformer, and the mechanical design are discussed. Two converters are designed, and two prototypes are developed, to study the converter paralleling operation and scalability. Both converters are fully tested up to their voltage and power ratings. However, the two converters are not identical. Based on the design and test results of the first converter, the MV power stage, transformer design, GDPS, as well as the low voltage power stage in the second converter are improved for smaller size and/or higher efficiency. Compared to the version 1 converter, the version 2 converter achieves 49% volume reduction and 2 percentage point efficiency improvement, with a peak efficiency of 98.4% at the rated power.


A stacked semiconductor device is provided in the present invention. The stacked semiconductor device includes a first substrate and a second substrate. A first conductive pad is disposed on the first substrate. A conductive pillar is disposed contact the first conductive pad. At least one barrier is disposed inside the conductive pillar. The conductive pillar encapsulates the barrier. The elastic modulus of the first barrier layer is different from the elastic modulus of conductive pillar. A second conductive pad is disposed on the second substrate. A solder bump is disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. The solder bump electrically connects to the conductive pillar. The conductive pillar can selectively include a truncated cone.


Human and industrial activities consume high volume of used water causing more and more impact and problem of global warning, due to the increase of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The European economy depends on oil and gas for the chemicals and energy sectors and for all kinds of everyday products. However, bio-based products, like volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), can be substituted for fossil-based materials and bring new functionalities to the market, making the economy more sustainable and reducing its dependence on fossil resources (EC, 2019). Industry, supported by governments and large research programmes such as Horizon 2020, has developed an array of innovative bio-based products, which are expected to find their way onto the market in increasing numbers. Among the others, the Horizon 2020 BBI JU AFTERLIFE project (Figure 1) aims to foster promising and innovative wastewater treatment from food industry in order to recover compounds of interest and the conversion of the rest of the organic matter into a high-volume added value biopolymer.


It is argued that the Heisenberg relation on 4-spacetime is a necessary condition for the local gauge invariance of a classical wave in the 5-dimensional Kaluza-Klein theory.


Here's some good news for employers: The overall cost of employee prescription drug coverage is projected to decelerate in 2007, according to the Segal Company's annual Health Plan Cost Trend Survey. Prescription drug trend — defined as the predicted change in per-capita claims, as influenced by drug costs, utilization, and cost shifting — ranges from 11.5 percent to 11.9 percent for commercial plans, depending on the benefit. For purchasers, Segal's findings are tempered by news that the specialty drug trend is 19.5 percent — down from last year but still strong.

The report cites increased availability and greater demand as the primary reasons for specialty drug growth, though a combination of factors is responsible for the trend. "We are seeing some cross-applications of drugs driving the increase," says Sean Brandle, vice president and Segal's national pharmacy practice leader. In combination, product cost and benefit design are a factor, too; many employers do not have plan designs that require members to take on a large portion of specialty drug expenses. "The fact that employer plan designs don't really require the member to fund a large portion of costs means that those drugs are going to represent a higher percentage of what employers pay for year after year," Brandle says.

Plan sponsors have been successful in efforts to initiate aggressive copayment structures for traditional prescription drugs, but the same does not hold true for specialty drugs.

"It's tough," says Brandle. "You don't want to make the copayment so high that it is cost prohibitive, yet you don't want it to be too low, either." A careful balance, he says, is necessary when providing specialty drugs that patients may need. "The question is how to make sure patients get them at a reasonable cost and with effective administration so that they are closely monitored to ensure that they are benefiting from the drug."

With an onslaught of new biotech drugs set to hit the market over the next several years, cost-management strategies remain somewhat limited. Brandle says some health plans are looking at separate plan designs for biotech drugs as one way to manage costs, but most are concentrating on choosing the right specialty drug vendor to help with utilization strategies. "We are starting to drill down to try to figure out the program mechanics that the vendor offers when dispensing drugs," says Brandle.

With the lack of generic competition and a slew of new drugs pending on the market, Brandle sees cost management of specialty drugs as a challenge. "At some point, there will be a fixed amount of dollars that employers will be able to afford to pay. Some tough decisions will have to made," he says.


This article is based on a series of studies of students at the University of Jyvaskyla conducted by the author in 1981, 1984, and 1986. The series focussed on the life‐stages of students, asking such questions as what the basic life‐world structures of students are, how the ability of students to think scientifically develops, and what characterizes the period of university studies as a stage of life. The data were collected by interviewing a total of 204 students who had reached different stages in their studies and represented different disciplines. The method used was that of the semi‐structured thematic interview; the data were analysed using both qualitative and quantitative methods. The life‐styles of students and their problems change during the courses of their individual academic experiences. A freshman's problems centre around the loosening of home ties and the learning of independent responsibility. During the next two years, the studies themselves and student‐life assume a central position, w...


The competition in the 21st century i s the one of learning ability,and the lifetime learning will be the important means for the future human being' s existence and development,the lib rary will be the ideal place for peopl e' s lifetime learning.Therefore,the l ibrary should make full use of its superiorities in the holdings,working staffs,and en-vironment,etc.,carry out multi -le vel and multi -channel information s ervice,and provide quality service for people' s lifetime learning.


ABSTRACT A single set of vertically aligned fractures embedded in a horizontal fine layering may be considered a long-wavelength effective orthorhombic medium. Estimation of Thomsen anisotropic parameters and fracture weaknesses is of vital importance to characterise the orthorhombic anisotropy in orthorhombic media. Our goal is to demonstrate an azimuthally anisotropic elastic impedance parameterisation and Bayesian inversion approach to estimate orthorhombic anisotropy in a fractured reservoir. Previously derived reflection coefficient equations are limited to the assumption of a horizontally layered medium, which may be not suitable for orthorhombic media. Based on elastic inverse scattering theory, we first derive a linearised PP-wave reflection coefficient equation in terms of orthorhombic anisotropic parameters containing Thomsen anisotropic parameters and fracture weaknesses in a weakly orthorhombic medium. Using a new parameterisation for these orthorhombic anisotropic parameters, we derive an anisotropic elastic impedance equation variation with angles of incidence and azimuth. We perform anisotropic inversion in a Bayesian framework with the regularisation of Cauchy-sparse constraint and smoothing-model constraint. Using the nonlinear iteratively reweighted least squares algorithm, we iteratively estimate the orthorhombic anisotropy characterised by Thomsen anisotropic parameters and fracture weaknesses. Tests on both synthetic and real data validate the proposed approach.


Molybdenum and tungsten oxides are of interest as semiconductors for the production of clean and sustainable energy. Here we show that synergistic effects arising from a combination of noncrystalli...


Recent studies indicate that Oithona spp. contribute significantly to total copepod biomass. Little is known, however, about their ecological significance, particularly in the case of the estuarine Oithona nana. A study comprising three sites within Southampton Water was conducted to evaluate the late-stage copepodite/adult (stages IV to VI) O. nana community, using 120 μm mesh nets. Although present throughout the estuary, there was a striking spatial gradient with O. nana most common in the upper estuary. A clear seasonal pattern was observed with O. nana as the most abundant copepod species from late-summer until early-winter. It comprised 61% of all copepods recorded, with a biomass of 757.22 mg C m -3 . Production estimates of O. nana were derived from the "instantaneous-growth" approach, using appropriate growth equations. The estimated production of O. nana ranged from 1.50 mg C m -3 yr -1 within the lower estuary to 146.77 mg C m -3


Power management in portable devices demands small size, low cost as well as long battery lifetime, which in turn drive the development of single-inductor multiple-output (SIMO) converters [1–5]. Due to the battery voltage variation during usage and the wide-range dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) applied for power reduction, high-efficiency buck-boost conversion is required to extend the battery lifetime. The buck-boost converter in [6] selects the operation mode by comparing the output with the supply voltage, which is not suitable for multioutput converters. The reported single-inductor dual-output (SIDO) buck-boost converter in [4] uses a state machine with sophisticated current sense for mode selection and requires a freewheeling state that dissipates energy. The converter in [3] uses one additional auxiliary inductor for step-up/down mode adjustment. This paper proposes an extended-PWM (EPWM) control which automatically selects buck or boost mode and facilitates smooth mode transition. It is suitable for flexible outputs and maintains a high efficiency in buck and in boost converters.


A new strategy was proposed to enhance tensile strength, toughness, and extensibility of BAB-type reprocessable supramolecular triblock copolymer elastomers (STBCPEs) by simply incorporating 1-viny...


Novel O-quinolinylamidoxime derivatives were prepared by replacement of the carboxylic group at the 8 position of quinclorac with various amidoximes. In the flooded paddy conditions, most of the compounds show good herbicidal activity at a rate of 1 kg/ha. Some of them showed excellent herbicidal activity at a rate of 60 g/ha against barnyardgrass (Echinochloa aryicola) with good selectivity on rice. Under the two-leaf stage of barnyardgrass, most of O-quinolinylamidoximes showed good herbicidal activity, expecially compound 3c which showed excellent herbicidal activity barnyardgrass at a rate of 125 g/ha with good rice seletivity.


As an effective traffic control mechanism of the asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) local area network (LAN) which has been getting attention as the next-generation high-speed LAN, the reactive congestion control is considered. In this paper, to obtain such a traffic control mechanism, a scheme to add the function of backpressure to an ATM switch having buffers in both the input side and the output side is evaluated. Also in this paper, the maximum throughput of an ATM switch with backpressure function for burst traffic is analyzed mathematically. Further, a uniform traffic load and a mixture of such traffic occupying the bandwidth in a peak rate as voice and video are analyzed. Moreover, with some numerical data examples, the effect of the output buffer size and the burstiness of the arriving traffic on the system performance is analyzed.


DATA AVAIL ABILIT Y S TATEMENT Data sharing not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analysed during the current study. E THIC S S TATEMENT All procedures performed in studies involving humans were in accordance with ethical standards of the institutional research committee and the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments. Informed consent was obtained from patient.


In this paper, a learning-aided stochastic strategy is studied for the non-cooperative spectrum sensing in cognitive radio (CR) networks. By sampling from the channel availability distribution in a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) way, the proposed learning-aided Metropolis-Hastings (LMH) algorithm generates the target channel sequence for fine sensing. The flexible proposal distribution in MH sampling is fully exploited, and a learning mechanism based on the multiple sampling stages within one Markov move is proposed, which tries to take advantages of the samples obtained by the previous stage. The reversibility of the Markov chain in the proposed LMH sampling is studied in detail while its faster convergence rate in the Markov mixing is demonstrated as well, which leads to better spectrum sensing performance and efficiency in cognitive radio.


Objective To clone rBPI23 and aFGF cDNA from human and construct fusion gene of BF and its eukaryotic expression plasmid.For the purpose of creating conditions of the preparation of dual-function peptide that both sterilize and promote wound healing.Methods The mRNA extracted from human neutrophilic granulocyte and fetal brain tissue were amplified into the sequence of cDNA encoding rBPI23 and aFGF by RT-PCR respectively.The fusion gene of BF(rBPI23-linker-haFGF) was amplified by using the hydrophobic polypeptide linker(Gly4Ser)3 by recombinant PCR and cloned into eukarytic expressing plasmid pcDNA3.1(+).Results The amplified cDNA sequences of rBPI23 and haFGF were the same with the rBPI23 and haFGF cDNA sequences reported in the genebank exactly.By sequencing analysis,the constructed BF fusion gene and the eukaryotic expression plasmid DNA sequences in line with the rate of 100% with the design of sequence.Conclusion This research has paved the way for further study on expression and biological functions of BF fusion gene.


This study analytically investigates the choice of a cost accounting system based on the cost-based transfer price by a divisionalized firm that has a direct channel through electronic commerce (EC). The findings show that the optimal choice between direct and absorption costing affects the increase of overhead allocation for the retail division through the cost-based transfer price. While traditional strategic transfer pricing literature shows that absorption costing is optimal in specific economic environments, this study demonstrates that direct costing is also optimal in a specific economic environment by considering dual channel competition. This research thus contributes to the extant strategic transfer pricing literature, which considers the choice of a cost accounting system in management accounting.