The paper presents calculations of the efficiency of fast wave current drive at reactor-like densities and temperatures, including toroidal effects. Accessibility and competitive absorption mechanisms are estimated. Two bands of frequencies are found to be of interest for reactor applications – one in the ion cyclotron range of frequencies and the other at higher harmonics but below the lower hybrid frequency.


Fossil fuels such as oil, coal and natural gas represent the prime energy sources in the world. Large amounts of solid biomass are currently produced and used in the EU. Biomass energy is expected to make an important contribution to the energy and environmental objectives. Biocity is a new concept; it is a city that uses its own available biomass resources in a sustainable manner for energy purposes. Based on BIORAISE GIS software for the assessment, an analysis of biomass and bioenergy were evaluated. This paper studies the available bioenergy to develop a stable biomass feedstock from the woodland and cropland residues for thermal purposes in a city. A case study is applied in Madrid. The result shows 228 dry kt/year equivalent to 3,890 TJ/year as an energy resource. .


JE Ahlskog, et al., "Adjunctive Cabergoline Therapy of Parkinson's Disease: Comparison with Placebo and Assess ment of Dose Response and Duration of Effect," Clin. Neuropharmacol, 1996; 19:202-212. S Akpinar, "Restless Legs Syndrome Treatment with Dopaminergic Drugs, Clinical Neuropharmacology, 1987; 10:69-79. RP Allen, "Augmentation of the Restless Legs Syndrome with Carbidopa/Levodopa." Sleep, 1996; 19(3):205-13. Anonymous, " Carbergolin: Neue Horizonte in der Therapie des Morbus Parkinson." Nervenarzt (1998 Sep.) 69 (Suppl Neue Horiz) 1–8, XP002116346. Anonymous, "Cabergoline: New Horizons in Parkinson's Disease Treatment.' Translated version of XP0021116346, pp. 1–17 (1998). Atlas Task Force of the American Sleep Disorders Associa tion, Recording and Scoring Leg Movements, Sleep, 1993; 16:748-759.


The relative error of detecting ECG informative elements at the optimum threshold is suitable to consider as a quantitative criterion for noise-immunity of selectors of ECG informative elements. So, the method of measuring the noise-immunity of binary detectors using the portions of real ECG's and noise tracings as test signals should be used to measure the criterion.


FE model was established with the analysis software of Abaqus. The temperature field effect during the copper alloy gear cold rolling was analyzed. The effect of roller rotation rate on the temperature distribution of cold rolling was researched. The results shows that,the maximum temperature appear on the bite stage of the initial; the surface temperatures on the gear decrease unceasingly with the continuation of cold rolling process; in the rotation rate of roller increasing,the surface temperatures on the gear decrease gradually.


AlN passivation layers grown by atomic layer epitaxy have been implemented to passivate the surface of AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs). These layers suppress surface charge trapping effects, such as current collapse, reduction of maximum drain current, and increase of dynamic on resistance. Each passivation scheme is characterized using pulsed I-V measurements, a novel on-wafer probe card boost converter circuit, and DC off-state step stress.


C. Chatzikyrkou, C. Clajus, M. Haubitz, C. Hafer. Hypercalcemia and pneumocystis pneumonia after kidney transplantation: report of an exceptional case and literature review.
Transpl Infect Dis 2011: 13: 496–500. xx: 000–000. All rights reserved


Introduction: Metal on Metal articulations produce Cobalt Chromium nanoparticles (CoCrNP) which seems to affect the adaptive immune system, as evident from the perivascular infiltrate of lymphocytes & plasma cells found around some implants, and the reduced CD8+ count described with hip resurfacing. We therefore analyzed effects of CoCrNP on Dendritic Cells, T cells & B cells. Methods: CoCrNP were produced by repetitive short spark discharges between electrodes of prosthetic CoCr alloy. Electron micrography & BET both confirmed nanoparticle size. Dendritic Cells were cultured from mouse bone marrow and incubated with CoCrNP of varying concentrations, for 24hrs, or lipopolysaccharide as a positive control. Activation status was then characterized by CD40 expression on FACS analysis. Cells from mouse lymph nodes were incubated with CoCrNP in varying concentrations. At 48hrs, Propidium Iodide (PI) was added & % PI+ve determined on FACS analysis. Cells from mouse lymph nodes were cultured in medium without phenol red and incubated with ∝CD3, ∝CD3 + CoCrNP, ∝CD3 + ∝CD28 or ∝CD3 + ∝CD28 + CoCrNP. At 48hrs, Almar Blue was added & difference in light absorbance at 570nm & 600nm was then used to determine T cell proliferation at 72hrs. Cells from lymph nodes of an MD4 mouse (only able to mount a b cell response to Hen egg Lysozyme (HEL)) were incubated with CoCrNP, HEL (positive control) or CoCrNP + HEL. B cell regulation at 48hrs was characterized by CD40 and CD86 expression on FACS analysis. Results: CoCrNP did not significantly increase CD 40 expression on DCs or Cd 40/ Cd 86 expression on B cells. At subletal concentrations, CoCrNP inhibited ∝CD3 & ∝CD28 dependent T-cell proliferation. Discussion: CoCrNP reduces both signal 1 & signal 2 dependent T cell proliferation, which may explain the observed reduction in CD 8+ count with hip resurfacing.


MT's algorithm was developed as an aid in the design of space telecommunications systems when utilized with simultaneous range/command/telemetry operations. This algorithm provides selection of modulation indices for: (1) suppression of undesired signals to achieve desired link performance margins and/or to allow for a specified performance degradation in the data channel (command/telemetry) due to the presence of undesired signals (interferers); and (2) optimum power division between the carrier, the range, and the data channel. A software program using this algorithm was developed for use with MathCAD software. This software program, called the MT program, provides the computation of optimum modulation indices for all possible cases that are recommended by the Consultative Committee on Space Data System (CCSDS) (with emphasis on the squarewave, NASA/JPL ranging system).


The Clearwater Wellington scheme is a wastewater project for the city of Wellington to halt the 100-year-old practice of disposal of raw sewage via a short sea outfall into the Cook Strait and replace it with a modern state-of-the-art sewage treatment plant. Not only did Wellington make the leap from disposal of raw sewage to secondary treated disinfected treatment in one step, but the project itself was pioneering, as it was one of the first wastewater projects of its kind in New Zealand to be tendered as a design, build and operate contract. The advantages of a traditional design and build contract were taken one step further to include the synergy of the operations element. This paper will provide the reader with a historical perspective and an introduction to the Clearwater Wellington project, focusing on aspects which are pioneering and unique to New Zealand.


Litton Systems Canada Limited has recently collected limited amounts of high resolution sea clutter data as part of a program to develop improved target detection algorithms for its airborne X-band maritime surveillance radar. Statistical analyses have reconfirmed known characteristics of clutter, and have revealed some new information, particularly as it relates to the specific pulse and processing techniques used by this type of radar. The results of statistical and correlation analyses are presented and discussed in this paper.<<ETX>>


This article provides a critical survey of the literature on the economics and politics of regulation. After some conceptual clarifications, the article surveys the evolution of perspectives on regulation during the post-Second World War period, emphasizing especially the interactions between intellectual changes and real world economic and political developments. It then looks at some themes that are neglected in the current literature--the inevitability of regulation, the need to create (and not simply regulate) markets, distributional issues, dynamic considerations, and the politics of regulation--and suggests that incorporating these themes more closely into the discussion will improve our understanding in this area. Copyright 1997 by Oxford University Press.


Relationships between Cohesion and Depression in Parents of Children with Developmental Disabilities Amy Leigh Bailey Giauque Department of Counseling Psychology and Special Education Education Specialist This research study examined the relationship between family cohesion and depression in mothers and fathers of children with disabilities. One hundred and six twoparent families who had a child with a disability provided information on their feelings of cohesion through Bloom's cohesion subscale and depression through the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale (CES-D). Analyses indicated that mothers and fathers of this sample are not significantly more depressed than the general population. However, there was a correlation between mothers' and fathers' depression, indicating that when mothers' depression increased, fathers' depression increased. Negative correlations were found between mothers' and fathers' self-reported levels of cohesion and depression indicating that when there were high levels of depression there were low levels of cohesion. Limitations, implications, and further research ideas are presented.


Objective:The factors which influence in vitro release of berberine hydrochloride(BH) from carboxymethyl konjac glucomannan(CMKGM) pellets were studied to elevate drug release characteristics of the CMKGM pellets.Methods: CMKGM pellets were prepared by ionotropic gelation technique.The effects of β-mannase concentration and ionic strengthen of dissolution media on the release of BH,the swelling and erosion properties of the pellets were studied.The correlations between release of BH,erosion properties of the pellets and parameters of the dissolution media were studied.Results: Compared with the dissolution media without enzyme,the release of BH and the erosion of the pellets were increased obviously in the media withβ-mannase.With the increased of β-mannase concentration,the release of BH and the erosion of the pellets increased.The release of BH followed Peppas equation,the n value was more than 1.With the decreased of ionic strength,the release of BH,the swelling and erosion of the pellets increased.Conclusion: The release of BH from CMKGM pellets is related toβ-mannase concentration and ionic strength of dissolution media,drug release mechanism is enzymatic erosion-controlled,which indicates the potential of the pellets to serve as a colon-specific drug delivery system.


Agriculture is a pillar for economic growth in Indonesia. It drives the needs of agricultural information and knowledge increase. In order to provide information for farmers and knowledge to support the decision-making process in strategic level, the conceptual modeling for the intelligent knowledge-based system in agriculture is proposed. The conceptual model combines the geo-fencing technique to ensure the availability of information for farmers and machine learning to provide the knowledge for the strategic decision-making process in order to improve agricultural sector performance.


Objective To investigate the protein expression of HLA-Ⅰ,CD68 and CD3in gastric carcinoma and lymph node. Methods 30 cases of gastric carcinoma tissue,30 cases of gastric severe dysplasia and 40 lymph nodes were enrolled in the study. The expression of HLA-Ⅰ,CD68 and CD3 was detected by immunohistochmical staining method.Results The expression of HLA-Ⅰ,CD68 and CD3on cell membrane and cytoplasmic expression in positive tissues were found. The positive expression of HLA-Ⅰ was observed in 16.67% gastric carcinoma cases and 40% gastric severe dysplasia,and there was a significant difference between the two kinds of tissues(P0.05). The positive expressions of CD68were observed in 36.67% gastric carcinoma cases and 26.67% gastric severe dysplasia,and there was no significant difference between the two kinds of tissues(P0.05). The positive expressions of CD3 were observed in 20% gastric carcinoma cases and 36.67% gastric severe dysplasia,and there was no significant difference between the two kinds of tissues(P0.05).The expressions of CD68and CD3were found in 20% and 35% lymph node. The expression of HLA-Ⅰ,CD68 and CD3 had linear correlation with each other. Conclusion The expression of HLA-Ⅰon gastric carcinoma decreases. The expression of HLA-Ⅰ,CD68and CD3has a linear correlation with each other in gastric carcinoma.


The object of this investigation is to examine the effects of heat-treatment conditions on the dyeing property of acrylic fiber, and also to determine if heat treatments prior to dyeing could be a major cause of shade variations."Orlon" Acrylic fiber was treated by hot water (100, 110, 120, 130, 140 and 150°C), steam (100, 110, 120, 130, 140 and 150°C) and hot air (100, 120, 140, 160, 180 and 200°C) without tension at various temperatures, and then was dyed with basic dye or disperse dye. Each rate of dyeing was determined.The effects of wet heat treatments on the dyeing property was as follows: The rate of dyeing for basic dye or disperse dye was generally increased. The higher the temperature of treatment was, the more conspicuous this tendency became. The equilibrium adsorption for basic dye did not change conspicuously, but for disperse dye it increased with higher temperature.The effects of dry heat treatments on the dyeing property was negligible compared with that of wet heat treatments.Variations in dyeing property as a result of wet heat treatments may be explained as being probably due to change in the dimensions of amorphous regions, namely to make loose the intermolecular force.On the other hand heat treated "Orlon" Acrylic fibers were divided into three groups (hot water, steam, and hot air) and samples of each group were dyed together in the same dye-bath with untreated standard fiber so that they would compete for an adsorption of the limited quantity of dyestuff. Each color difference (ΔE) and total amount of dye absorbed was determined. It was shown that the temperature of thermal treatment must be carefully controlled to obtain a uniform dyeing.


Physiological changes related to aging and muscular problems can increase the risk of injuries in the elderly people. Hence, one of the major risks in the elderly people is falling down. The present study aims to compare the effects of two selected Functional and Theraband trainings on the dynamic balance and strength of lower limb in the elderly men. 45 old men with physically healthy in range of 60 to 75 years were randomly divided into three groups: the Functional trainings (n=15), Theraband trainings (n=15) and control groups (n=15). The dynamic balance with Berg test and the lower limb strength with 30 Second Chair Stand tests were measured. The Functional and Theraband groups take part in Theraband and Functional trainings for 6 weeks. All tests were repeated for all of the groups after six weeks of training in the same condition. Data were analysed by covariance analysis (ANCOVA). The level of significance was p≤0.05. The results of this study showed that the Functional and Theraband trainings lead to a significant improvement in the dynamic balance and strength of lower limb in the elderly men. Furthermore, Theraband trainings on the strength of lower limb and Functional trainings on the dynamic balance had more effect. Elderly men are recommended to use Functional trainings for improving the dynamic balance and the Theraband trainings for improving the strength of lower limb.


In soft-start controller, the output voltage of the thyristor is not only related to the trigger angle, but also associated with the power factor angle, which varies with the speed of the motor during the soft-start process. It's known that the maximal torque of induction motor is approximate in direct proportion to the square of the voltage of the stator. Accordingly, a closed-loop control system is designed in which the voltage and power factor angle are used as the feedbacks, which is a solution to the true soft starter. The main hardware circuits are provided, such as the circuit for checking synchronous signal, the circuit for checking phase order, and the circuit for measuring power factor angle. Then the control strategies adopted are also described in detail. The experiments prove that the proposed solution of the soft-start controller has better starting performances than ever. Moreover, it has smaller in-rush current and smaller mechanical impact, so it can also avoid current oscillation during soft starting.


Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (PSC) is a progressive cholestatic liver disease of unknown etiology that carries a strong association with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). PSC‐associated IBD (PSC‐IBD) displays a unique colitis phenotype characterized by right side predominant inflammation and increased risk of colorectal cancer compared to non‐PSC‐IBD. Although the initiation/progression PSC‐IBD remains unclear, some evidence supports an integral role for the gut‐specific mucosal vascular addressin cell adhesion molecule (MAdCAM‐1) in modulating both hepatic and intestinal inflammation. Multidrug resistance protein 2 (Mdr2) knockout mice develop spontaneous cholestatic liver injury and fibrosis mirroring human PSC. To further elucidate disease mechanisms of PSC‐IBD, we combined Mdr2−/− mice with the chemically inducible model of DSS colitis (Mdr2−/−/DSS). We hypothesize that alterations in bile acids promote mucosal inflammation in this murine model of combined cholestasis/colitis. There are currently no good models for PSC‐IBD, so our objective is to develop a murine model mimicking PSC‐IBD for studying the gut‐liver axis and proinflammatory crosstalk.


The antimicrobial, antiplasmid and cytotoxic activities of marine algae Halimeda opuntia and Sarconema filiforme were investigated. Antimicrobial bioassay against s ome human pathogenic bacteria and yeast were conducted using disc diffusion method. Halimeda extract exhibited antibacterial activity against s ix species of microrganisms, with significant inhibiti on against Staphylococcus aureus. While Sarconema extract was better potent as antifungal against Candida albicans. Comparative antibacterial studies showed that Halimeda extract showed equivalent or better activity as compared with commercial antibiotic when tested against Staphylococcus aureus. Further tests conducted using dilution method showed both extracts as having bacteriostati c mode of action against the tested microorganisms. Methanol extract of two species showed significant cytotoxicity (LC 50 <500µg) on brine shrimp. Halimeda opuntia showed highest cytotoxic activity (LC 50 =192.3µg). Also, the present investigation was undertaken to investigate the ability of methanolic extract of th e algal extracts to cure R-plasmids from certain clinical E. coli isolates. The active fraction of Halimeda and Sarconema could cure plasmids from E. coli at curing efficiencies of approximately 78%. The a ctive fraction mediated plasmid curing resulted in the subsequent loss of antibiotic resistance encoded in the plasmids as revealed by a ntibiotic resistance profile of cured strains. The screening results con firm the possible use of marine algae Halimeda opuntia and Sarconema filiforme as a source of pharmacological benefits. Keywords—Antimicrobial, antiplasmid Cytotoxicity, Marine Algae


The article describes the issues of preparation and verification of mathematical models of computing systems with resource virtualization. The object of this study is to verify of mathematical models of computer systems with virtualization experimentally by creating a virtual server on the host platform and monitoring its characteristics under load. Known models cannot be applied to the aircraft with virtualization, because they do not allow a comprehensive analysis to determine the most effective option for the implementation of the initial allocation of resources and its optimization for a specific sphere and task of use. The article for the study used a closed queueing network. Simple models for the analysis of various structures of computer systems are experimentally obtained. To implement the properties of adaptability in the models, triggers are used that monitor and adjust the power of the processing channel in individual Queuing systems, depending on the specified conditions. Experiments prove the obtained results reliable and usable as a flexible tool for studying the virtualization properties when structuring computing systems. This knowledge could be of use for businesses interested in optimizing the server configuration for their IT infrastructure.


9511 Background: Several factors have been proposed as biomarkers for response to PD1 therapy, including tumor mutational burden (TMB), immune gene expression, PD-L1 expression and TILs, while few specific mechanisms of resistance have been identified. The relative importance of these factors or detailed examination of biomarkers of response to combination immunotherapy have yet to be explored. Methods: Cutaneous metastatic melanoma (MM) patients (pts) treated with anti-PD-1 (PD1) +/- anti-CTLA-4 (CTLA4) were selected. Pre-treatment tumors underwent whole genome sequencing (WGS), RNA sequencing (RNAseq) and immunohistochemistry (IHC; TILs and PD-L1). Results: Tumors from 77 pts treated with PD1 (n = 53) or PD1+CTLA4 (n = 24) underwent WGS. Higher TMB (p = 0.0001), lower structural variant (SV) burden (p = 0.001) and higher neoantigen load (p = 0.001) were associated with response. There was no difference in the expression of specific genes reported to confer resistance (JAK1/2, PTEN or BAF/PBAF complex members) or response (SERPINB3/4, ARID) in responders vs non-responders. RNAseq was performed on 53/77 samples; IFN and TCR signalling pathways were enriched in responders. Cytolytic activity (CYT, p = 0.002), T cell proportion estimated by CIBERSORT (p = 0.002) and confirmed by IHC (p = 0.033), and PD-L1 expression (IHC, p = 0.026) were also higher in responders. Multivariate analysis including DNA (TMB, SV count), RNA (six gene IFN expression signature - IFNG.6; effector T cell gene expression signature; chemokine gene expression; CYT), IHC (PD-L1, TILs) and clinical factors (sex, age, RECIST Sum of diameters, LDH) identified TMB and IFNG.6 as independent predictors of response (AUC = 0.83). 15 outliers with discordant molecular features and clinical outcomes had varying profiles, including 5 non-responders with high TMB, but low IFNG.6 expression, suggestive of a failure of immune activation. Conclusions: Comprehensive clinical and genomic analysis demonstrated that TMB and IFNG expression independently predict response, suggesting defects in both immune recognition or activation in non-responders.


Abstract This article deals with the investigation of three-dimensional axisymmetric steady flow of micropolar fluid over a rotating disk in a slip-flow regime. Further, the generation of entropy due to heat transfer and fluid friction is identified. It is noticed that the entropy generation can be decreased and controlled in the presence of slip. The anisotropic slip has vital characteristics and it has a great influence on the flow field and heat transfer. The von Kármán similarity transformation is used to establish the equations governing the flow and heat transfer characteristics of the fluid. The impact of some important parameters on velocity profiles, angular velocity (microrotation) and energy distribution is discussed and illustrated through graphs and tables. The effects of physical parameters on the entropy generation and Bejan numbers are also presented graphically. In addition, the most favorable agreement is observed among the results of the present study and those of the earlier studies.


In this paper a new method will be used to detect breast cancer without affecting the human body. This will use a microstrip ring resonator operated at 2.4 GHz with supporting material for detecting of tumor based on measuring the resonance frequency, effective dielectric constant and then calculated dielectric constant.The breast phantom was designed and simulated in the form of a rectangle shape containing, Skin, Fat and Glandular, whereas the tumor is shaped as spherical with different radiuses.Simulation results was carried out using CST software, were the tumor was detected by resonance frequency and return loss by comparing between the healthy and affected breast. The results showed that, the tumor with size of 0.5mm radius was detected.Finally, this method was simplified by removing the support material and the simulation process is repeated again and it gave a close simulated results as with it.


Singlephase γ′Fe_(4)N nanoparticles have been synthesizedby a combined method of reduction and nitriding using Fe_(3)O_(4)nanoparticles as precursor. The effects of different gas and quenching temperatures on the phase and grain size of reaction products have been studied. Their magnetic properties have been investigated systematically.


THE following letter, penned in Lebanon on April 19, has been going the rounds since its arrival in this country. From the American Psychological Association, Inc., to which it was directed, it was...


Methodology for the solving of given tasks which take into account linear and nonlinear effects of the interaction between acoustic waves and investigated environment and the establishing of new informative parameters for multiple reflected signals has been created. This methodology allows to increase sensitivity of determination of the overall concentration. Acoustic methods for express testing in which the results do not depend on variation of temperature were worked out. The optimization of parameter choice of ultrasonic device for measurement of liquid concentration is suggested.


In the present work a modified version of the program FPFIT (Reasenberg and Oppenheimer, 1985) is developed, in order to improve the calculation of the fault plane solutions. The method is applied on selected earthquakes from short period waveform data in the Mygdonia basin (N. Greece) as recorded by the permanent network of the Seismological Station of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki during the period 1989-1999. The proposed modification of the FPFIT program was developed in order to minimize the derivation of multiple solutions, as well as the uncertainties in the location of P and T axis of the determined fault plane solutions. Compared to the original version of FPFIT the modified approach takes also into account the radiation pattern of SV and SH waves. For each earthquake horizontal and vertical components of each station were used and the first arrivals of P and S waves were picked. Using the maximum peak-to-peak amplitude of P and S waves the ratio Pmax/(SN 2 max+SE 2 max) 1/2


The topology of magnetic islands with m = 1 dominant poloidal mode number, as observed in the Frascati Tokamak Upgrade, cannot be explained by a single harmonic perturbation of an axisymmetric configuration. We present an analytical, nonlinear model that solves a helical modification of the Grad–Shafranov equation in cylindrical approximation and gives results comparable with experiments.


The synthesis and polymerization of seven epoxy polymer precursors which contained the siloxane linkage in varying structural arrangements was carried out. The polymers prepared from such precursors have utility as embedding compounds for electrical circuits. Polymerization of these epoxy intermediates with siloxane-containing diamines resulted in solid, thermosetting materials for which dielectric data were obtained. Dielectric constants of 3.1 were measured at 1 keps for polymers prepared by polymerization of 1,9-bis[p-(2,3-epoxypropyl)phenyl]decamethylpentasiloxane with 1,3-bis(p-am-inophenoxy)tetramethyldisiloxane, whereas polymers derived from 1,4-bis{[p-(2,3-epoxypropyl)phenyldimethylsiloxy]dimethylsilyl}benzene and the same diamine were characterized by slightly higher dielectric constants and a high degree of toughness, being nonbrittle at −50°C.


IS IMAGINATION OF FUNDAMENTAL IMPORTANCE to the philosophy of Descartes? If this question seems to have anything more than rhetorical force it is because imagination figured large in the early, never-completed Regulae ad directionem ingenii (Rules for the Direction of the Mind). But one is far more likely to think of the much-reduced stature imagination has in later works. Recall the piece of wax example in the second meditation: it is not by the senses or the imagination that we perceive the piece of wax or anything else, but by mental scrutiny, inspectio mentis (AT, 7: 3o-32; CSM, 2: 2o-22). ' The sixth meditation even more decisively puts imagination in its place: I can understand a thousandsided figure as well as a triangle, but when I try to imagine it the image is not different from that of any other figure with very many sides (AT, 7: 72; CSM, 2:5o ). Moreover, imagination is not part of my essence; without it, I would still be the same thing I now am (AT, 7: 73, cf. 78-79; CSM, 2:51, cf. 54-55). Imagination is weak and inessential, an aspect of mind due to the mind's being joined to a body; though it is one of those things that fall under the generic appellation "thinking," it has no central or paradigmatic role for understanding what thought is. Indeed, if we recall how, in the first meditation, imagin-


SUMMARY Although scientific and technical knowledge has grown considerably, the duration of studies in engineering of architecture has remained more or less constant for all institutes of technology and universities. Therefore, students have to specialize—to make premature and restricting choices for their careers—which is contrary to the objectives of a general education. In these circumstances, solutions must be found. At the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology of Lausanne, it was decided to give, at the undergraduate and graduate level, increased emphasis to the basic body of knowledge needed by an engineer or an architect during all their professional activity. The needs of the practice, regarding the deepening of knowledge in a specific field as well as the widening of knowledge in other fields, must therefore be satisfied by continuous education. This is structured in Switzerland according to the following three points: formation through research (Ph.D); postgraduate studies, following specific pr...


Summary

The pests of agricultural field crops in the Sudan Agriculture plays the major role in the economy of the Sudan. The main commercial field crops grown are cotton, sorghum, sesame, groundnuts, sugar cane, wheat and castor.

One of the most serions problems in cropping is the control of pests. Thousands of pounds are spent annually in using insecticides, rodenticides and avicides for pest destruction. Following is a synopsis of the most important pests of crops in the Sudan.

Cotton is sown during August and picked in January, February and March. Infestation and damage to cotton plants by flea beetle (Podagrica puncticollis), termites (Macrotermis spp. and Microtermis spp. and thrips (Caliothrips sudanensis) occur in the first two months of growth. The major insect pests causing considerable damage and seriously affecting the plant growth during October and November are jassid (Empoasca lybica) and the white fly (Bemisia tabaci). Bollworms (Heliothis armigera, Diparopsis watersi, Earias insulana and Pectinophora gossypiella), leaf worms (Prodenia litura and Cosmophila flava) and aphid (Aphis gossypii) are often a menace from December to the end of the season.

Both hygienic measurs and chemical control were found effective in reducing the pest attack and conferred conspicous protection.

Sorghum or dura plays a significant role in the nutrition of the people. The seedling stage is attacked by central shootfly (Atherigona indica). Stemborers (Chilo ssp. and Sesamia spp.) are serious in some localities. The main threat to the crop is the dura midge (Contarinia sorghicola) which feeds on the grains at the milky stage. The most serious damage to crops in several localities is due to the weaver birds. Control measures by insecticides and breeding short maturing and resistant varieties is being investigated.

Groundnuts: Few plants are occasionally injured by termites. Most serious insect pest affecting the yield is the thrips (Caliothrips fumipennis). Groundnuts harbour several insects which are considered main cotton pests e. g. jassid, whity fly, thrips and bollworms. Pest control by chemicals and its economic feasibility are still under study.

Sesame is cultivated in rainlands. Grasshoppers, sesame webworm (Anti-gastra cataulinalis) and seed bug (Aphanus litoralis) are the most noticeable pests. The damage to the pods due to the webworm ranges between 5-15%. Control measures are still under study.


Objective: To investigate in gerenal the status quo of the multi-drug resistance of E.coli isolated from animals in Shandong and detect hereditability of the multi-drug resistance.Methods:712 E.coli isolates were examined by Micro-dilution.Selected 14 multi-drug resistant isolates were cultivated in several MIC/2 concentration antibiotics mediums and selective abnormal configurations were transferred into semi-solid LB medium to observe their regeneration capacity.Simultaneously,these multi-drug resistant isolates were sub-cultured 8 times continuously to compare around MIC values.Results:Among the E.coli isolates of diverse sources,the resistance of E.coli isolates from broiler farm and patients occupied first place,that of pig farm came second,that of cow farm was lowest.Majority isolates were resistant to 5 to 14 kinds of antibiotics.Filiform thallus could form new colonies in no drug medium.After eliminated drug,the resistance of 35% strains declined,even became susceptible.Conclusion:Bacterial resistance,especially multi-drug resistance,is more and more universal.Stable resistant mutation might replace sensitive drugs,then unstable hereditary resistance would medicate intermittently or restrictively to ensure treatment effect.


For the last few decades, security in software has gained too much attention by the industries. Developing secure software needs to emphasis on the functional and non-functional requirements both. Functional requirements are taken into account during the early stages of development while unfortunately the non-functional requirements are either ignored or less considered which results in the high cost of maintenance after delivery of the software. This article presents a detailed and comprehensive survey with regard to the integration of security non-functional requirements into architectural design. This paper thoroughly analyzes the existing approaches which are dealing the non-functional requirements at architecture level. The architectural design can be integrated with general non-functional requirements, but the scope of this particular article is only the security related non-functional requirements. The approaches which are comprehensively described and analyzed are use case/misuse cases, goal-based analysis, scenario-based, reused-based, pattern-based, and aspect-based. We have evaluated each approach by some parameters which are described based on the existing literature and comparison has been made between the current approaches thorough proper evaluation.


The development of a miniature gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer system for the measurement of chemical species of interest to combustion is described. The completed system is a fully-contained, automated instrument consisting of a sampling inlet, a small-scale gas chromatograph, a miniature, quadrupole mass spectrometer, vacuum pumps, and software. A pair of computer-driven valves controls the gas sampling and introduction to the chromatographic column. The column has a stainless steel exterior and a silica interior, and contains an adsorbent of that is used to separate organic species. The detection system is based on a quadrupole mass spectrometer consisting of a micropole array, electrometer, and a computer interface. The vacuum system has two miniature pumps to maintain the low pressure needed for the mass spectrometer. A laptop computer uses custom software to control the entire system and collect the data. In a laboratory demonstration, the system separated calibration mixtures containing 1000 ppm of alkanes and alkenes.


493 Background: With the implementation of multimodal treatment strategies including neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy (RCT), the prognosis of locally advanced rectal cancer has been improved over the last two decades. Most actual clinical trials aim to further develop therapy by intensification of agents administered. We examined Her2/neu in rectal cancer patients to evaluate its expression as a potential drug target as well as its capacity as predictive and prognostic biomarker.

METHODS
Two-hundred-seventy-seven patients (205 male, 72 female; median age 63.5 years) with locally advanced rectal cancer (cUICC-II/III) were included in this study. Preoperative RCT (50.4 Gy and concomitant either 5-FU or 5-FU and oxaliplatin) was administered in 236 patients followed by surgical resection with total mesorectal excision (TME). Another 41 patients received postoperative RCT. All patients were treated within phase-II/-III-trials of the German Rectal Cancer Study Group or analogous to these standardized protocols. Her2-/neu expression from pre-treatment biopsies and corresponding resection specimens were assessed by immunohistochemical staining and SISH-analysis.

RESULTS
A positive Her-2/neu expression was found in 12.3% of all pre-treatment tumor biopsy samples and in 28.7% of the resection specimens. The correlation of the pre-treatment Her-2/neu status did not show a significant correlation with the grade of tumor regression. However, patients with a higher Her-2/neu protein expression as measured in the resection specimen showed a significant survival benefit (p=0.0277) compared with patients having low intratumoral Her-2/neu expression during the follow-up (median 43 months). The 10-year survival rate was 73.2% (Her-2/neu positive) versus 60.1% (Her-2/neu negative).

CONCLUSIONS
The proportion of patients with a positive Her-2/neu status is relevant in rectal cancer. Her-2/neu might potentially serve as a promising drug target in rectal cancer and should be further assessed within prospective clinical trials. Furthermore the Her-2/neu status seems to be a valuable prognostic marker within the multimodal treatment of advanced rectal cancer.


In recent years, huge advances have been made in the development of photovoltaic (PV) technology. Anti-reflective (AR) and anti-soiling (AS) coatings have demonstrably improved the energy output of PV modules and are establishing commercial viability. However, the durability of such coatings has not been sufficiently addressed and remains a key concern.
In this thesis, a range of testing methods have been identified and evaluated for the purpose of assessing the performance, durability, environmental stability and wear resistance of AR and AS hydrophobic coatings. A comprehensive set of performance parameters and characterisation tools were identified to assess the degradation mechanisms of several coating formulations. Comparative results were generated for coatings before and after being subjected to a range of stress tests. New test rigs and procedures, including a sand impact and raindrop simulation test, were also designed and implemented to provide further insight into the degradation of coating performance following exposure to sand and rain water.
The durability of two types of single layer (ARC1 and ARC2) and a multilayer anti-reflective (MAR) coatings were investigated. The reflectance obtained from single layer AR coatings after damp heat and abrasion tests suggest poor durability and inadequate useful lifetime despite an initial performance increase in transmittance when applied to PV cover glass. The test results on the MAR coating, designed and produced in CREST, showed excellent durability against all environmental and mechanical stresses.
Six variants of a hydrophobic coating, ASC1 were stress tested during the development of an anti-soiling coating for PV cover glass application. The degradation mechanisms of each variant were used to improve the performance and durability of the coating. In addition, the ASC2 hydrophobic coating, that is commercially available for application on PV cover glass, was durability tested under same stresses as ASC1 coating for comparison. The ASC2 coating showed good resistance to mechanical stress and UV exposure. However, damp heat testing of the ASC2 coating lead to a significant performance drop revealing that it is not durable in high temperature and humidity conditions. The results indicate that better performance could be achieved if these types of coatings are designed and developed for specific climatic conditions.
Three hydrophobic coatings commercially available for other applications such as on ophthalmic lenses and smart phone displays, ASC3, ASC4 and ASC5 coatings were subjected to a range of stress tests to demonstrate suitability for use in PV applications. The hydrophobic properties of ASC3 and ASC5 coatings showed good durability against mechanical abrasion, but both failed to perform well against exposure to UV light. There was no visual or performance degradation observed after both abrasion resistance and sand impact test on both ASC3 and ASC5 coatings. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis of ASC5 showed that the nanoparticles responsible for the hydrophobic properties of the coating degraded under UV light with the loss of fluorine. Nevertheless, the ASC5 coating showed excellent stability against damp heat and thermal cycling stress. Furthermore, the ASC4 coating showed good durability against temperature cycling and UV light exposure. The coating also retained its hydrophobicity after 1000 hours of damp heat exposure. In addition, the coating showed a variable abrasion resistance against different abrasive materials. The test results suggest that ASC4 coating has good adhesion to the glass substrate with good durability against cheesecloth and felt pad abrasion. However, a harder scour pad damaged the surface of ASC4 severely. The test results suggest that all three hydrophobic coatings (ASC3, ASC4 and ASC5) have their strengths and weaknesses to withstand certain environmental and mechanical stresses due to their design for different applications. The durability of these coatings against UV light and abrasion resistance would need to be improved if they are to be applied to PV cover glass.


The criteria which will now be advanced attempt to draw where possible (but not entirely), on considerations which have been discussed in previous sections. The criteria are first put forward in terms of a lengthy and rather legalistic paragraph, with clauses lettered for purposes of subsequent reference, and brief comment i5 then made on their significance. It should very specially be noted that these criteria are offered as criteria for debate and not as self-evident rules supported by any logic which demands universal acceptance. The basic claim that particular criteria are to be seen as relevant obviously rests on value judgements, even as will the weighting to be given to particular criteria. This framework is therefore not put forward with any claim that it is an essay in pure reason or that it is something which is "value free".


This paper deals with a study of the rheological and optical properties of polymer solutions of cellulose diacetate (DAC) of the pre-modification pairs a mixture of water and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)


Industrial farming proved effective in diverse social, economic, and environmental conditions, but in the Soviet Union it suffered from impediments imposed by the country's political and economic formations. Khrushchev's considerable power ensured that the Communist Party and government formally adopted his policies. This required subordinates to appear to act accordingly by planting corn, but many complied only outwardly while quietly pursuing alternative goals. Fulfilling plans to plant a set number of hectares of corn, they did little to ensure that these plantings produced an economically viable harvest. Harvests, productivity, and measures of production cost fell far short of Khrushchev's high expectations, a failure for which he deserves some blame, rather than all of it. In truth, he unsuccessfully fought constant battles with opponents whose foot-dragging and dissembling are signs of systemic failings larger than any one leader or program.


Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Universit`a di Camerino,INFM, Unit`a di Camerino, via Madonna delle Carceri 62032, Camerino, Italy(February 9, 2008)We consider the case when decoherence is due to the fluctuations of some classical variable orparameter of a system and not to its entanglement with the environment. Under few and quitegeneral assumptions, we derive a model-independent formalism for this non-dissipative decoherence,and we apply it to explain the decoherence observed in some recent experiments in cavity QED andon trapped ions.I. INTRODUCTION


This paper presents the specification of a ZigBee profile for mobile robotics, highlighting the main sensors and actuators required for the development of the activities of such systems, and existing relationships with the clusters defined in the ZigBee cluster library. The specification is performed using a standard graphical language commonly used in industrial systems modeling - UML. The validation was performed using modems, sensors and low-cost microcontrollers, obtaining a satisfactory response in a controlled environment. Validation is required to perform a more complex functionality, more robots and industrial environments with industrial features.


According to the American Forest and Paper Association, paper manufacturing is responsible for the third-largest consumption of fossil fuels worldwide and the single-largest industrial use of water per pound of finished products (Garner, 2002). Awareness of these sustainability issues, paper manufacturers are making efforts to explore alternative fibers to provide paper choices for consumers. This new generation of paper is being produced from plant fiber or mineral powder to provide tree-free alternatives. Plant-fiber paper usually requires fewer chemicals, takes less energy to process, and also tends to have higher potential in relation to bio-refineries. Mineral-based paper requires no chemical bleaching, uses much less water during processing, and when disposed it degrades back to the base component of mineral powder. This paper studied sustainable development and use of tree-free copy paper for the laser printer. The color reproduction capability and process capability of tree-free paper were evaluated in terms of optical density, print contrast, and color gamut.


House in Henbury Avenue, Wanguri, where George Parker was killed and 3 others injured as they tried to get into VW as seen. No timber left on house structure at all.


In order to improve the efficiency of interferential multispectral images compression for meeting applications in satellite,a new compression algorithm is proposed.The redundancy between the two successive frames of multispectral images is removed with the use of template matching method in the wavelet domain.The region of interest coding method based on rate-distortion slope lifting is adopted to allocate reasonable rate for different image region,which feedback controls the code depth of T1 coder.Thereby the amount of computation and memory usage is reduced,which make it suitable for hardware implementation.The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively improve the resolution of the reconstruction spectrum and decrease system complexity.


'Sources' are whatever scratches on paper or parchment or stone or earth we find from some past human engagements from some past world. We will listen a long time before they speak—unless they are made to, by the reconstruction of the particular context, by attentiveness to the range of contemporary vernaculars, by our learning to distinguish breaches or absences in the record from willed, resounding silences (Clendinnen 1996). The social sciences, particularly anthropology, history, philosophy and sociology, are concerned with describing what people do, and analysing the reasons behind behaviour. In the past, these disciplines were almost wholly concerned with the lives and behaviour of men. In the late 19th and early 20th century however, with contributions of anthropologists like Margaret Mead, attention began increasingly to shift to women, and their interaction with men. A distinction between sex (biological role) and gender (social role) was developed as feminism grew during the century, to the extent that gender studies is now a field in its own right. This development also involved the study of gender and power relations in Africa. While obviously a vast field, women and gender studies in history, sociology, and other disciplines, have resulted in a 'restoration' of women's stories and histories.1 For example: political history has tended to focus on activity in the public sphere and on office holders, both of which highlight male experience. The evidence demonstrates that women also have exercised power... (but) Because women's political participation did not always appear in obvious places or ways, it has been regarded as peripheral or absent, a view that ignores the complex processes through which power is exerted in societies (Berger and White, 1999:xxix).


This work presents a summary of existing methods to predict hydroplaning speed limits and it highlights the risks associated with this phenomenon. Based on the assessment of the probability of occurrence of this phenomenon in different scenarios, the work identifies the need for the development of complementary criteria and recommendations for projects in Brazil. A case study is undertaken to assess the proposed methodologies on a hypothetical highway section that combines typical high standards highway conditions and located in the Metropolitan Region of Sao Paulo.


The purpose of this article is to study artistry of Ihor Yefremovych Ivashchenko (1931–2014), the outstanding Ukrainian conductor and composer, related to his job in the State Dance Ensemble of the Ukrainian SSR. The research methodology includes historical, analytical, and biographical methods that provide an opportunity to find out the extent of the artist's creative personality. The scientific novelty includes the fact that, for the first time in the context of the art history discourse, little-known pages from the master's biography are made public in the publication, and his worldview intentions are established. For the first time, I. Ivashchenko's artistic achievements are analysed and summarised in the scope of the activities of the State Dance Ensemble of the Ukrainian SSR (1955–1980). Conclusions. I. Ivashchenko's creativity was most vividly revealed in the area of dance music, where the composer managed to expand the stylistic palette, as well as to convey the original author's aesthetics to already well-known folk songs and instrumental works. Ihor Ivashchenko brought the activity of the small symphony orchestra of the Dance Ensemble of the Ukrainian SSR to artistic perfection and the supremacy of academicism. In the creative tandem of I. Ivashchenko and P. Virskyi, unparalleled examples of musical and choreographic performances built on the Ukrainian national and cultural soil were generated.
Key words: Ihor Ivashchenko, dance music, choreographic paintings, State Dance Ensemble of the Ukrainian SSR


The article is devoted to the problem of conflict prevention in notarial practice. Notarial activity, referring to the "person-to-person" system, requires notaries to develop conflictological competence as a necessary component of notarial activity in the framework of preventive justice.


The drastic changes in the world scene in the 1990's such as the declaration of the end of the Cold War. The Non-alignment movement had been perceived differently by the "aligned" of the East and the west. The NAM originally developed in the context of a bipolar world. In course of time other centers of power came up and used their military and economic capacities to bend the policies of newly- free or small countries to fit in with their strategies. Today even this multi polarity is less in evidence.


Development outreach has asked the leaders of the WDR 2005 team, Warrick P. Smith and Mary C. Hallward-Driemeier to put together the special report featured in this issue in order to provide comments by world renowned specialists on issues raised in the WDR 2005 and expand discussions beyond its parameters. This report opens with an editorial by Warrick P. smith and Mary C. Hallward-Driemeie on the theme of the WDR 2005. Ricardo Hausmann, Lant Pritchett and Dani Rodrik, presents, Initiating a Growth Boom. William Kalema, examines the role of Public-Private Sector Dialog in Uganda's Reform Process. Raj M. Desai and Sanjay Pradhan, offer their views on, Governing the Investment Climate. Daniel Kaufmann, focus on, Click Refresh Button : investment climate reconsidered. Erica Field, talks about, Entitled to Work : informal enterprise in urban Peru. Frances Lund and Caroline Skinner, focus on a South Africa example, Local Government Innovations for the Informal Economy : creating a positive investment climate. Qimiao Fan, Alberto Criscuolo and Iva Ilieva-Hamel, present, Whither SME Policies? Ahmed Galal, discusses Potential Winners & Losers from Business Formalization. Finally, Stefano Scarpetta, discusses, Getting the Best Out of Creative Destruction : productivity growth and job creation


A new capacitive type of MEMS microphone is presented. In contrast to existing technologies which are highly specialized for this particular type of application, our approach is based on a standard process and layer system which has been in use for more than a decade now for the manufacturing of inertial sensors. For signal conversion, a mixed-signal ASIC with digital sampling of the microphone capacitance is used. The MEMS microphone yields high signal-to-noise performance (58 dB) after mounting it in a standard LGA-type package. It is well-suited for a wide range of potential applications and demonstrates the universal scope of the used process technology.


This study takes advantage of recent advances in machine learning to establish a physics-based data analytic platform for distributed reconstruction of mechanical properties in layered components from full waveform data. In this vein, two logics, namely the direct inversion and physics-informed neural networks (PINNs), are explored. The direct inversion entails three steps: (i) spectral denoising and differentiation of the full-field data, (ii) building appropriate neural maps to approximate the profile of unknown physical and regularization parameters on their respective domains, and (iii) simultaneous training of the neural networks by minimizing the Tikhonov-regularized PDE loss using data from (i). PINNs furnish efficient surrogate models of complex systems with predictive capabilities via multitask learning where the field variables are modeled by neural maps endowed with (scaler or distributed) auxiliary parameters such as physical unknowns and loss function weights. PINNs are then trained by minimizing a measure of data misfit subject to the underlying physical laws as constraints. In this study, to facilitate learning from ultrasonic data, the PINNs loss adopts (a) wavenumber-dependent Sobolev norms to compute the data misfit, and (b) non-adaptive weights in a specific scaling framework to naturally balance the loss objectives by leveraging the form of PDEs germane to elastic-wave propagation. Both paradigms are examined via synthetic and laboratory test data. In the latter case, the reconstructions are performed at multiple frequencies and the results are verified by a set of complementary experiments highlighting the importance of verification and validation in data-driven modeling.


Decapitation comes to mind when I think of the three uniquely different Yellowheaded Indian Ringneck mutations. Until the egalitarianism born of the French revolution, the accepted rule of law was that persons of distinction were decapitated and the riff-raff hung by the neck until dead. Royalty and persons in positions of prominence have always been treated differently by society and a rare mutation colored bird was a highly prized commodity given and accepted by the most elite. Genetically speaking, the Ringneck tribe are "persons of merit" for they are genetically decapitated. One set of genes affect them from the collar up, while others work from the collar down. The demarcation line for the executioner's ax and for the genetic differentia is the collar of distinction that all Psittaculids have. We can see this quite clearly on Slaty-heads, Blossom-heads and Plum-heads. Green, yellow and dilute shades of green are often a common point brought to issue by people interested in color. To be green, a parrot has to have the black pigment known as melanin present throughout the feathers. Without it blue cannot be produced and then we would be left with basically a yellow bird. The easiest way I have been able to explain this concept is to think of what colors make up green ; blue and yellow or G = B + Y. If the blue is absent we have yellow Clutino) Y = G - B, if the yellow is missing, we have blue. If both blue and yellow are lacking, we have white (albino) and you can figure out the math. So melanin is a very important pigment. With lesser amounts of black we notice such color variants as cinnamon or fallow wherein the green is lighter in color than the norrnal and appears "diluted" or. in some cases, wishy-washy. The different colors existing throughout a bird are explained hy a differential deposit of melanin. Melanin is not deposited evenly over the body and in psittaculids the collar, the decapitating zone, is one of the determinants. There is naturally, innately, genetically in the Normal Ringneck far less melanin directed to the head. Quite often one can notice a bluish sheen in the nape area of a normal male, and many people comment on the difference in head and body color that their Blue Ringnecks have. There are several genes which affect the deposition of melanin (in humans there are said to he at least five and by their proportions we get black, not so black, brown, light brown, tan and white races). Now if a gene mutates to reduce the amount of melanin to the feathers it will differentially "yellow" the body as opposed to the head. In other words, each and every mutation that reduces the amount of melanin will have more effect on the head than on the body. The head area not having enough to start with, shows the effect of the robbery more than the wealthy (in melanin) body. So Normal and Cinnamon Ringnecks have a lighter head. Still, some mutations take things a stage further and take away, like an impartial tax collector, an equal amount from the "melanin rich" body as they do from the "melanin poor" head. But in a case like this, the amount of melanin removed is all or nearly all of the melanin the head has. So the head becomes yellow and the body, although it has the same amount gone, still has enough melanin left to appear green, admittedly a lighter green. Thus we get Yellow-heads. As I stated before, there exist three uniquely different Yellow-headed mutations. Two are autosomal recessive in their mode of inheritance and are most rare. These are known as "Yellow-head Yellow-tail" and "Redeyed Yellow-head" (also called "Buttercup" in Europe). The third and more common form is sex linked and is called "Cinnamon Yellow-head." Because of the enthusiasm the Dutch, Belgian and Germans share when it comes to acquiring mutation hirds, these highly proficient breeders are, unfortunately, the ones who name these precious gems of nature. I say unfortunately because all too often recognizable mutations are incorrectly and inaccurately labeled according to the "different" phenotypes they possess. Birds are given names which are truly odd and, sometimes, impressively ignorant, making the identification and nomenclature very confusing for· most people. This is the subject of another article which I intend to write in the near future. But now I feel a brief description of the three Yellowhead mutations is in order Sex Linked Cinnamon Yellowhead The most numerous or common variety is sex linked and known as "Cinnamon Yellow-head" or "Lacewing." A sex linked mutation is easier to propagate than a recessive one thus explaining why the Cinnamon Yellow-heads out numher all others. This mutation first came to Europe in the early 1980's and was immediately introduced to various other colors. Although it is a very nice pastel mutation, it is the least dramatic of the Yellow-heads because the contrast between the yellow head and the yellowish body is not strong. This particular mutation has quite a range of color due to the amount of melanin allocated to the body as described earlier by the effectdifferential deposition has. Initially, most Cinnamon Yellowheads were a very light yellowishgreen in the body with a good yellow head. At birth all Cinnamon Yellowhead chicks can he identified in the nest as they have red eyes and white toenails. As they feather. hath the cock and hen are, indeed, yellow-headed and their once-red eye darkens to a dark plum color appearing almost normal. The neck ring in a mature cock is brown and red, the flight and tail feathers are cinnamon (light brown), the feet are light and the toenails are light brown. Cinnamon Yellow-head has proven to be an allele of Lutino and as a consequence, some Cinnamon Yellow-heads can produce Lutinos if paired properly and, to some breeder's great surprise, can be produced by Lutinos. There have been listings and reports of a "Lacewing" mutation but I think that this will prove to be a Cinnamon Yellow-head which has Lutino in its background. A more pale or much lighter Cinnamon Yellow-head can arise when one breeds to produce a double factor mutation. This is not the most aesthetically pleasing bird to most people because the contrast between the head and body color is reduced more and more, but it's worth mentioning for the purpose of education. Because of the rapid rate which this mutation has been produced, nearly all the color combinations have now been established; i.e., "Cinnamon Gray-green Yellow-head", "Cinnamon Turquoise-blue Yellow-head", "Cinnamon Blue White-head" and "Cinnamon Gray White-head". I imported my first such birds from Europe in 1986 and was fortunate enough to raise a Cinnamon Blue White-head the following year. For the time being, these are the correct descriptive names that these mutations deserve and I urge all breeders to demonstrate responsibility when 'advertising or referring to them. We don't need more confusion and if we call our birds "Silver White-heads" or "Pure Mountain Snow-headed Blues" we are only taking away from the hobby by adding more mystification to an already complicated issue of nomenclature involving simple genetics.


Modifications of the Chew-Low theory caused by the inclusion of rho-nucleon intermediate states are examined. Although this effect changes the form factors necessary to reproduce the (3,3) resonance, no significant change in the resulting phase shifts is obtained. The use of rho-nucleon intermediate states does not eliminate the ''ghost state'' pole in those spin-isospin channels for which the driving term is repulsive.


In a recent paper D. G. Higman and C. C. Sims announced their construction of a new simple group H100 of order 44,352,000. The group JBΓioo is obtained as a rank 3 permutation group of degree 100 with subdegrees 1,22 and 77; and the stabilizer of a point is isomorphic to the Mathieu simple group M2%. Shortly after their announcement of the new simple group, Graham Higman constructed a simple group of the same order as a doubly transitive group of degree 176 and with stabilizer of a point isomorphic to PS£7(3,5). The purpose of this paper is to show that the two groups mentioned above are isomorphic, and in fact, that there is exactly one (up to isomorphism) simple group of order 44,352,000.


A new injector for the RIKEN RI-Beam Factory (RIBF) was fully commissioned in October 2011. The injector accelerates ions of m/q = 6.8 up to 670 keV/u. To save cost and space, a direct coupling scheme was adopted for RF coupling between the DTL cavity and amplifier, based on an elaborate design with the Microwave Studio software package. The new injector has been successfully commissioned and worked very stably for beam service time, increasing the uranium beam intensity by an order of magnitude. Moreover, it is now possible to independently operate the RIBF and GARIS facilities for super-heavy element synthesis.


We propose a pipelined supervised learning approach named SDOI to the task of interlinking the concepts mentioned within a document to the concepts within an ontology. Concept mention identification is performed by training a sequential tagging model. Each identified concept mention is then associated with a set of candidate ontology concepts along with a feature vector based on features proposed in the literature and novel ones based on new data sources, such as from the training corpus itself. An iterative algorithm is defined for handling collective features. We show a lift in performance over applicable baselines against the ability to identify the concept mentions within the 139 KDD-2009 conference paper abstracts, and to link these concept mentions to a domain-specific ontology for the field of data mining. Additional experiments of 22 ICDM-2009 abstracts suggest that the trained models are portable both in terms of accuracy and in their ability to reduce annotation time.


– We developed a population viability analysis (PVA) for wild Greater Rheas (Rhea americana) in central Argentina, linking spatial data to a non-structured metapopulation model, to evaluate the effectiveness of rhea translocations as a conservation management tool in agricultural landscapes. We simulated the expansion of the agricultural area for a 10-year period and recorded abundance, number of populations over time, expected minimum population size and the likelihood of the metapopulation to fall below the threshold of 30 individuals, under two simulation scenarios: "with translocation" (artificial movement of individuals between populations) and "without translocation." We compared the results with field population data collected from the same study area. At the end of the simulation period, the habitat suitable for Greater Rheas was fragmented and reduced by 84%. We observed a decrease in population size in both scenarios, but the extinction probability was 85% higher in the "without translocation" model. This result was supported by the observed abundance of Rheas in the field, which was closer to


Abstract Photochemical properties of dissolved organic matter (DOM) are of interest due to their effects on natural and engineered systems, including the fate and transport of organic contaminants ...


The paper is aimed to provide our analysis of the heavy metal pollution features and the assessment of sediment situation in the lower reach of the North Canal near Beijing.For our research purpose,we have made our case-study by collecting water samples from different sections of the canal heavily influenced by urbanization or farming cultivation,in addition to the water samples from the main branch of the North Canal,Fenggangjian River,that is,the mother river of Beijing with sewage supply.From our analysis of the samples, we have found that the sedimentary spatial and historical accumulation of the heavy metals in the water,prove to include Cd,Cu, Cr,Ni,Pb,and Zn.At the same time,we have evaluated the effect of agricultural production and urbanization on the heavy metal pollution of the canal water.And,then,based on the geological index (Ⅰ_(geo)) and the sediment quality guideline(SQGs),we have also assessed the pollution level and the potential ecological risk brought about by the sedimentary heavy metals.The results of our investigation reveal that,the presence of heavy metals in the river sediment can help to bring about both the special and historical(vertical) variations. The contents of heavy metals in the river section influenced by the urbanization prove to be higher than those in agricultural areas, while the S-N-K analysis reveals that the metal contents between the two were significant(at 0.05 level).On the temporal(vertical) term,Cu,Pb,and Zn contents tend to increase from the lower in deep level to higher on the surface level,which indicate that there was an accumulative trend of those heavy metals.Besides,heavy metals in the sediment cores of the branch(Fenggangjian River) turn to be much higher than in those river sections both before and after the branch effluent into the main river,what is more,the content of the heavy metals in the main river sediment core was found much lower than that in the branch,and S-N-K analysis also indicates that the metal contents between those two were significant(at 0.05 level), which implied that the contribution of heavy metal input of branches of the North Canal should not be ignored.The geological index (Ⅰ_(geo) ) reveals that the pollution degree belongs to the moderate level,althoughⅠ_(geo) displayed spatial and vertical variation.The risk assessment done by us based on the sediment quality guideline indicates that the risk of both Cr and Ni prove to be constant,with its main effect in the agricultural river section and the branch of the North Canal.


In this article, I will explore the ways of world-making in the 18th-century novel Robinson Crusoe with particular focus on the relevance of things. Things ›in‹ literature and things ›such as‹ literary works form complex trails of connections between heterogeneous – human and non-human – entities. This leads on to asking how the concatenations of things in Defoe's novel give account of how the fictional world that they construe is held together; in other words, how is the assembly of things in and through Robinson Crusoe related to a fictional mode of existence? Exploring how an early novel like Defoe's produces experienceable worlds by means of the readers' practical entanglement with fictional environments concerns the types of social connections and world relations that we form via the agency of literary things. The point I would like to make is that the assembly of fictive things in fictional things enables a particular and singular mode of social being. The social dimensions implied by this approach become clear once we consider the vast amount of literary criticism that has amassed around Defoe's novel from the point of view of ideology critique. Following Marx's account of Defoe's hero in the fourth chapter of Das Kapital, contemporary critics have attempted to lay bare the fetish value of Defoe's work. For Marx, Defoe's novel is a prime example of how bourgeois literature produces manipulative robinsonades that use the mystifying strategies of pre-modern romance in order to conceal the implicit self-contradictions of Capitalism. Traces of this critique of ideology can also be found in the Post-Marxist tradition of reading Robinson Crusoe. Michael McKeon's Origins of the English Novel debunks Defoe's novel as a pseudo-religious alibi strategy that eventually justifies Capitalism by means of domesticating and channeling its excessive structure of desire.1 In a Max Weberian fashion, the protagonist's conversion of experience is thus revealed to be just »Puritan worldly asceticism, [...] without the religious basis.«2 Following a similar line of argument, more recently, research carried out under the aegis of Cultural


The invention relates to a catalyst precursor material, more specifically to a powdered catalyst precursor material on a TiO2 basis, which contains at least one shaping auxiliary; to methods for producing said material; to the use for the production of moulded parts; and to the use of said moulded parts as catalyst or catalyst carrier.


The effect of tooth brushing with a dentrifice containing cuprochlorophyll extract in 23 children aged 10 (other 23 were selected as controls) was evaluated. Significant reductions were observed according to Chi square test as regards the infection caused by Streptococcus mutans, the accumulation of bacterial plaque and the gingival inflammation of the group treated compared with the controls.


Constraint Solving and Optimization is very relevant in many real world applications including scheduling, planning, configuration, resource allocation and timetabling. Solving a constraint optimization problem consists of finding an assignment of values to variables that optimizes some defined objective functions, subject to a set of constraints imposed on the problem variables. Due to their high dimensional and exponential search spaces, classical methods are unpractical to tackle these problems. An appropriate alternative is to rely on metaheuristics. My thesis is concerned with investigating the applicability of the evolutionary algorithms when dealing with constraint optimization problems. In this regard, we propose two new optimization algorithms namely Mushroom Reproduction Optimization algorithm (MRO) and Focus Group Optimization algorithm (FGO) for solving such problems.


Lignocellulosic biofuels production is a mechanism that can help reduce our dependence on fossil fuels and enhance the carbon neutrality of transportation fuels. Current biochemical platforms for lignocellulosic biofuel production are not economically viable due to the high costs of hydrolytic enzymes for the conversion of lignocellulose to fermentable sugars. One solution to reduce these costs is incorporation of on-site enzyme production for consolidated bioprocessing of lignocellulose to fermentable sugars. I optimized whole-cell encapsulation parameters that allow for prolonged enzyme production, ease of catalyst separation, and enable incorporation of on-site catalyst production into existing biochemical lignocellulose transformation platforms. Trichoderma reesei RUT-C30 was encapsulated in calcium alginate hydro-gel beads and grown in continuously stirred 250 ml bioreactors containing purified cellulose. Physical and environmental parameters including agitation, reaction volume, and hydrogel diameter and concentration were modulated and compared with unencapsulated controls for cellulase and xylanase activity. The encapsulation matrix retained 90% of the T. reesei biomass. Trichoderma reesei in optimized encapsulation matrices produced similar filter paper units of cellulase activity as unencapsulated controls over a 144-hour period while producing significantly higher xylanase activity than unecapsulated T. reesei


The paper presents the results of design space explorations for the implementation of the Smith-Waterman (S-W) algorithm performing DNA and protein sequences alignment. Both design explorations studies and FPGA implementations are obtained by developing a dynamic dataflow program implementing the algorithm and by direct high-level synthesis (HLS) to FPGA HDL. The main feature of the obtained implementation is a low-latency, pipelinable multistage processing element (PE), providing a substantial decrease in resource utilization and increase in computation throughput when compared to state of the art solutions. The implementation solution is also fully scalable and can be efficiently reconfigured according to the DNA sequence sizes and performance requirements of the system architecture. The implementation solution presented in the paper can efficiently scale up to 250MHz obtaining 14746 Alignments/s using a single S-W core with 4 PEs, and up to 31.8 Mega-Alignments/min using 36 S-W cores on the same FPGA for sequences of 160×100 nucleotides.


The future of computing is at crossroads. The technological advances that have sustained the exponential growth of computing performance over the last several decades are slowing and the roadmap for future advances is uncertain. The phenomenal expansion of computing power has made computers ubiquitous, spawned a $300 billion semiconductor industry, enabled unprecedented global economic growth, and transformed many aspects of society at large. Emerging technologies are placing an ever-growing and changing demand on computing, especially the profusion of data from the Internet of Things, large-scale scientific experiments (high-energy physics, astronomy, and genomics), autonomous vehicles, social media (including video), national security This month's special issue provides insight into recent technological developments in the exciting field of "beyond Moore computing."


There is clear and convincing evidence that students with disabilities living in poverty are facing the double jeopardy of dealing with issues associated with their disability, as well as the challenges of living in minimal conditions. Improving outcomes for this population requires the identification and implementation of effective programs. This study analyzed program factors and post-school outcomes of 500 former students with disabilities to determine to what extent predictions regarding employment for these students can be determined. Findings suggest that in high-relative poverty areas, participation in career technical education is associated with higher rates of employment during and after high school.


Process for applying a coating to bottles made from a thermoplastic material from a plant where each bottle is held by its mouth, with specific grippers, distributed suitably to be displaced by a conveyor chain, dipped into a resin solution with a solvent to create a layer of waterproof protection gas on the outside of the bottle, from which the excess paint, an appropriately removed, and said solvent is evaporated, following the process drying characterized by the following steps: i. Feeding the bottles through a first area (2 '') treatment furnace located under a separate heating elements conveniently; ii. Providing a jet of air from outside the treatment furnace into said first area (2 '') of the furnace directed upwardly, first, around the bottles and then around said heating elements; iii. Sending said bottles, after placing them under the heating elements within the second zone of the furnace, which is located above said heating elements; iv. Allowing the airflow, which has already circulated around said heating elements, to flow around the bottles in said second area; v. Mixing at least a portion of the circulating hot air jet coming out of said second area with air obtained from outside, before sending a renewed air to said first furnace zone jet.


As the average life expectancy and the proportion of the elderly population increases, approaches that limit their policies, programs, and activities to health issues are changing worldwide. International organizations, such as the WHO, United Nations, have pledged their member countries to update their policies on the elderly population and increase their psychological and social participation over the next 20 years. We determined social demographic factors of life satisfaction among Mongolian older adults.

 A cross-sectional study recruited three hundred four older adults recruited by geriatric doctors and seniors' association units in urban and rural areas of Mongolia. The questionnaire included life satisfaction, social network, loneliness, social participation, self-rated health, and demographics. We used multiple linear regression analyses. Result: Life Satisfaction of the older adults living in urban is higher than those living in rural area (β = 0.954, p = 0.001). Good self-rate of health (β = 1.013 p = 0.001), voluntary work (β = 0.847 p = 0.001), and employment increase life satisfaction levels. Life satisfaction scores increased by 0.3 points for male older adults with a 1-point increase in education, 0.9 points for women living in cities (β = 0.929 p = 0.002), and 0.8 points for volunteering (β=0.790 p=0.006) respectively. However, when the loneliness score increases by one, the satisfaction score decreases by 0.3 points (β = -0.353 p = 0.013). Conclusions: The level of satisfaction of the Mongolian older adults is associated with self-rate of health, education level, loneliness, social activities, and living areas.


This talk will provide an overview vocal interfaces and how they work, and several theoretical tools to frame the matter in the legal realm, Following this a deeper look at the practical issues that the industry will face, and some possible solutions will be discussed.


The study was designed to evaluate two colour variants of the Japanese quails namely the Panda white and Cinnanon brown for external and internal egg quality traits, fertility and hatchability. A total of 270 day old quails (135/genotype) were generated from a random bred population which was later subjected to assortative plumage mating. The quail chicks were brooded according to genotype, and reared to 6 weeks of age. Thereafter, 10 males and 40 females were selected from each genotype and housed on deep litter breeding pens at a mating ratio of 5 males to 20 females. Eggs were collected for assessment of external and internal egg characteristics after 30 days of onset of egg production. Data collected on external egg qualities included egg weight (g), egg length (mm), egg width (mm), egg volume (ml), shell weight (g), shell thickness (mm) while data on internal egg qualities included yolk density (mm), yolk diameter (mm), yolk weight (g), and albumen weight (g). One hundred and ten (110) eggs of each genotype were used to assess fertility and hatchability in each flock. Fertility was determined as the percentage of eggs set that were fertile while hatchability was determined as percentage of fertile eggs that hatched out. Other hatchability parameters such as dead germ and dead in shell were expressed as percentages of eggs set while normal and abnormal quail chicks were expressed as percentages of chicks hatched. All data collected were subjected to independent samples t test to compare between genotypes. The reproductive parameters were subjected to Pearson correlation analysis to ascertain the phenotypic relationship between pairs of traits. Genotype influenced reproductive parameters namely fertility, hatchablity, dead germ, and hatched chick weight but not external and internal egg qualities of the two quail colour variants. Significant correlation coefficients were observed between pairs of reproductive traits suggesting phenotypic associations that could be exploited to influence the outcome of incubation of quail eggs.


Applying ActiveX technology,SWF files made by Flash are called into LabVIEW.Then,combining with virtual instruments programmed by LabVIEW,the multimedia teaching on principle of electronic measuring instruments and experiments is realized to demonstrate in LabVIEW.Among them,Flash coursewares mainly demonstrate principle of electronic measuring instruments,and virtual instruments mainly demonstrate experiments.Combining Flash with LabVIEW,the windows to demonstrate have good integrity.By using virtual instruments technology to demonstrate experiments on classroom spot,theory teaching is combined with practice teaching in time,improving teaching means and teaching effect.


ABSTRACT. Familial fatal insomnia (FFI) is fatal disorder characterized by damage to select thalamic nuclei, together with progressive insomnia and dysautonomia. In subjects carrying the D178N prion protein (PRNP) mutation, distinct phenotypes can be observed, depending on the methionine (Met) /valine (Val) codon 129 polymorphism. We report here a Chinese case of FFI with a D178N/Met129 genotype of the PRNP gene, who exhibited rapidly progressive dementia combined with behavioral disturbances and paroxysmal limb myoclonus. Our patient did not show refractory insomnia early in the disease course, nor demonstrate typical MRI and EEG alterations. There was remarkable family history of similar symptoms.


We have developed a gamma-ray interaction-position estimation method using k-d tree search, which can achieve efficiency and accuracy at the same time. This method can be combined with various kinds of closeness metrics such as Euclidean distance, and maximum-likelihood estimation. The time complexity of the k-d tree search method is O(log2(N)), where N represents the number of entries in the reference data set. The accuracy of the k-d tree search is equivalent to that of the exhaustive search method which has the highest achievable accuracy. Most importantly, this method has no requirement on the shapes of mean-detector-response functions (MDRFs), which means that it is also very robust, and can be applied widely without restrictions.


The competition between itineracy and localization of electrons doped into the near-surface region of anatase TiO2 (a-TiO2) is examined by photoemission spectroscopy. Since a-TiO2 samples used in this study are naturally grown single crystals, some electrons derived from oxygen vacancies are inherently present within the bulk and result in both a metallic state just below the Fermi level (EF) and a localized state tightly trapped by the oxygen vacancies (deep-trap state) within the energy gap. Additional electrons were doped to the surface by in situ deposition of potassium and by irradiation with high-intensity synchrotron radiation (SR). The potassium deposition does not cause a direct disturbance in the conduction pathway of the doped electrons, whereas the SR radiation produces oxygen vacancies in the pathway. Most of the doped electrons produced by depositing potassium contribute to a metallic state just below EF and behave as the carriers responsible for the surface conductivity. The remaining fract...


This research aims to determine the magnitude of the influence of learning media, interpersonal communication, and instructional communication on student absorption levels. This research is quantitative research with data distribution through surveys. People with autism need proper education with appropriate learning methods, therefore inclusive schools are formed which are able to support education for children with special needs. The results of this research are that there is a significant influence between the variables of instructional communication, interpersonal communication, and learning media with emotional intelligence.


Three 2-hydroxy naphthaldehyde phenyl hydrazone derivatives were designed and synthesized[1—3;substituent R: H(1),p-NO2(2),2,4-d-NO2(3)].The interaction between as-synthesized compounds and anions was investigated by means of UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy,and the effects of the affinity and selectivity of receptors to anions were also studied by changing the N′-substituted groups of benzene ring.The results show that absorption spectra of receptors were red-shifted significantly in acetonitrile solution containing F-and CH3COO-,and a clear color change was observed from yellow to blue or red in acetonitrile solution.The receptor molecule 2 has high selectivity and sensitivity response to F-and will promise to a good sensing molecule in detection of F-by naked eye.The recognition selectivity of receptor molecule 3 to anion could be changed through adding water in acetonitrile solution,and receptor molecule 3 only recognizes F-in 5%H2O-95% CH3CN(volume fraction) solution.So receptor molecule 3 is expected to become a new system which can recognize F-by naked eyes in aqueous solution.


In this paper, a novel 800 mV beta-multiplier reference current source circuit is presented. In order to cope with the narrow input common-mode range of the Opamp in the reference circuit, the resistive voltage divider was employed. High gain Opamp was designed to compensate for the intrinsic low output resistance of the MOS transistors. The proposed reference circuit was designed in a standard 0.18 μm CMOS process with nominal V th of 420mV and -450mV for n-MOS and p-MOS transistor, respectively. The total power consumption including Opamp is less than 50μW.


Objective To further recognize of the multi-detector CT ( MDCT) characteristics of ovarian corpus luteum .Meth-ods The MDCT characteristics of 110 cases of ovarian corpus luteum were reviewed and classified .Results All of 110 cases were found single-unilateral ovarian corpus luteum .The typical corpus luteum , classified as cystic-solid ( n=91 ) and cystic ( n=6), showed strongly enhancement of cystic walls and solid portions , and the rich vascularization of the ipsilateral ovary .Among those, 82 corpus luteums depicted tadpole-sign.The walls of cystic-solid corpus luteums in cross section were serrate and thick (n=78) or smooth (n=13), and collapsed in different degrees (n=85).The special corpus luteum including corpus luteal cysts (n=9) and corpus luteal hematomas (n=4) demonstrated significantly annularly enhanced with a maximum diameter more than 3 cm.Conclusion MDCT manifestations of ovarian corpus luteum are characteristic .


The vascularization of the brain and the pituitary region of the Australian lungfish, Neoceratodus forsteri is described from serial section reconstruction. The distal lobe has no direct arterial blood supply and receives blood solely from a pituitary portal system basically similar to that of other sarcopterygians. The primary capillary plexus of the median eminence receives its arterial blood from the infundibular arteries, which on their way distribute some small branches to the prechiasmatic region. The primary plexus also receives capillaries from the adjacent pial hypothalamic plexus. The primary capillary plexus of the median eminence comprises a rostral 'uncovered' and caudal 'covered' part which are not sharply delineated. Distinct portal vessels connect the 'uncovered' rostral part of the primary plexus with the secondary capillary plexus supplying the rostral subdivision of the pars distalis. The 'covered' caudal part of the primary plexus merges into the proximal subdivision of the pars distalis, apparently without formation of distinct portal vessels. The primary plexus has some connections with the plexus intermedius via a hypophysial stem capillary plexus. The plexus intermedius has a substantial arterial supply and gives off capillaries to the parenchyma of the pars intermedia. The adenohypophysis is drained into an unpaired hypophysial vein. The significance of the vascular pathways is discussed from comparative, functional, and evolutionary viewpoints.


In the US Pacific Northwest, rockfishes Sebastes spp. have recently become a focus for increased management efforts; several species are currently managed under extreme conser- vation measures due to low population levels and intense fishing pressure. Rockfish recruitment is extremely variable, and a better understanding of the factors influencing recruitment and set- tlement would assist in prioritizing management and conservation efforts. The goal of this study was to investigate natural and anthropogenic influences on the estuarine settlement process of rockfishes, with a focus on black rockfish S. melanops. Trap surveys conducted in 6 Oregon estu- aries indicate that young-of-the-year (YOY; Age-0) rockfish utilize multiple Oregon estuaries from spring through late fall. As shown by late season increases in catch rates and the capture of mul- tiple Age-1 individuals, rockfishes may be present in highly developed estuaries through their first winter. Genetic identification confirms that the majority of the YOY rockfish captured during this study were black rockfish S. melanops. Catches were higher in the more developed estuaries, suggesting that the continued development of Oregon estuaries may not adversely affect the rock- fish settlement process. This study provides strong evidence of widespread use of estuarine habi- tat by black rockfish on the Oregon coast during their first year of life, and provides additional support that structure is an important component to the settlement process.


For the first time in the history of peoples, the working people found a real homeland, which surrounded them with care and attention, like a loving mother. Caring for a person, about his health and life, has acquired the greatest embodiment since the time of the Great October Revolution. The class character of the old medicine was relegated to the realm of tradition, medicine became the public domain and completely devotes itself to the service of the working people. Exceptional attention is paid to caring for the health of the mother and child. In this regard, all conditions are created for powerful development and pediatrics; the 20 years passed after the revolution really testify to the wide development of this field of medicine.


Abstract A curvilinear regression model is treated by linear programming methods, so as to require only mild restrictions on the nature of the non-linearities. Specifically a method is proposed that does not require assuming specific mathematical forms for the regression functions. Restrictive assumptions no stronger than monotonicity or concavity of the forms need be imposed. The linear programming formulations provide fits for the regression functions according to the criteria of minimal sum of absolute deviations and minimal maximum deviation. The alteration needed to employ a least squares fit is also sketched.


Pt, IrO2, RuO2, Pt-IrO2 and Pt-RuO2 electrodes have been shown to be effective in their application in various fields. However, it is necessary to study their long-term stability. So, our objective is to prepare them and study their lifetime using intensiostatic measurement. Then they were prepared at 400 °C on titanium plates used as a substrate. Physical measurements (scanning electron microscopy) of these anodes revealed that their surface are rough and porous structures. Lifetime study was carried out in H2SO4 9 N and under a current density of 410 mA /cm2. The long-term stability of Pt improved when coupled to IrO2 in contrast to RuO2. From this study, the performance of the electrode was found to increase in the order: RuO2 < Pt-RuO2 < Pt < Pt-IrO2 < IrO2. For RuO2 and IrO2 pure electrodes, the deactivation would be due to the dissolution of precursors deposited on the titanium. For the Pt pure electrode, deactivation would be due to the detachment of platinum coating. The deactivation of the Pt-IrO2 and Pt-RuO2 electrode would be due, on the one hand to the platinum detachment from IrO2 or RuO2 and on the other hand to the metal oxides (IrO2 or RuO2) dissolution.Keywords: Electrodes, platinum, metal oxides, lifetime.


Abstract Asymmetric epoxidation of methyl gibberellate by the modified Sharpless reagent in the various temperature is described. Compound 8 and 9 can be used as the key intermediates for synthesis of the polyhydroxygibberellins.


IntroductionBroad-spectrum grass pollen immunotherapies contain large numbers of allergenic proteins from multiple species. The principle of homologous grouping is used as a tool to assist in the standardization of allergen immunotherapy. This study reviews the principle of homologous grouping, questions what an exemplar grass should be, and queries whether a 1-way system of inferring homology is appropriate.MethodsGrass pollens were extracted and analyzed using a variety of techniques, including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Bradford protein assay, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and quantitative analysis of Western blots.ResultsVariation in protein content, IgG, IgE, and Phl p 5 reactivity is evident among all grasses analyzed. There is significant evidence of similarity but also disparity consistent with variation resulting from evolutionary change. Proprietary software called Gel Electrophoresis Protein Profile Analysis has been developed, which highlights that each grass exhibits a greater than 55% similarity measure; this is considered high similarity.DiscussionNone of the grass species examined display an identical biological profile. However, data indicate that there is a high degree of homology, and Crested Dogstail is similar to each of the other 12 species analyzed; these levels of similarity can only be possible because of molecular profile and extensive sharing of epitopes. These data are considered to be sufficient to include Crested Dogstail within the sweet grasses group of the Pooideae family; however, the subtle differences in grasses also justify the inclusion of multiple species to create a broad-spectrum immunotherapy.


Based on the time-frequency domain reflectometry for cable fault detection, the original signal collected by oscilloscope is the superposition of reflection signal and reference signal. The signal has a certain duration in the time domain, the partial overlap of the reflected signal and the reference signal will cause measurement errors and affect the accuracy of the positioning results when a close reflection occurs. In this paper, the time-frequency reflection method based on continuous wavelet transform is used to deal with the short circuit fault signal of high temperature superconductor cable in room temperature environment in 20 meters. Continuous wavelet transform uses complex Gaussian wavelet as the parent wavelet. It obtains the position of reflection point by calculating the modulus maximum of wavelet coefficients to represent the signal similarity. It also separates the reference signal from the measurement signal according to the linear superposition of wavelet transform. The experimental results show that the method can eliminate the influence of reference signal on fault location. The maximum value of wavelet coefficient module is used to locate the fault, and the absolute error is less than 2%.