As the temperature measure system is large and complex in the large space fire test, the factors affecting measurement precision increase. In this paper, based on the theoretical error analysis of smoke temperature measurement by thermocouple, the error factors and magnitude of the smoke temperature measured in large scale fire tests are investigated. The manners of causing error are also introduced and the measures decreasing the error are given. At last an error analysis of a group of temperature data measured in mechanical smoke exhaust tests is made.


We study the capability of a pulsar timing array to individually resolve and localize in the sky monochromatic gravitational wave (GW) sources. Given a cosmological population of inspiralling massive black hole binaries, their observable signal in the pulsar timing array domain is expected to be a superposition of several nearly-monochromatic GWs of different strength. In each frequency bin, the signal is neither a stochastic background nor perfectly resolvable in its individual components. In this context, it is crucial to explore how the information encoded in the spatial distribution of the array of pulsars might help recovering the origin of the GW signal, by resolving individually and locating in the sky the strongest sources. In this paper we develop a maximum-likelihood-based method finalized to this purpose. We test the algorithm against noiseless data showing that up to $P/3$ sources can be resolved and localized in the sky by an array of $P$ pulsars. We validate the code by performing blind searches on both noiseless and noisy data containing an unknown number of signals with different strengths. Even without employing any proper search algorithm, our analysis procedure performs well, recovering and correctly locating in the sky almost all the injected sources.


Loan for use (commodatum) is an agreement of gratuitous allowing somebody an object in order to use it and with an obligation to return it within the appointed time limit or else after the time indispensable for sensible use. Although loan for use never played as important role as sale (emptio-venditio) or rent (locatio-conductio rei) in the legal turnover of Imperium Romanum, it was practical in everyday life by enabling somebody to use other person's thing free of charge. Despite being not a very common contract in the legal turnover, nevertheless, as a legal transaction it raised numerous doubts as far as the interpretation and the development of general notions is concerned. The most frequent object of loan for use were things individually indicated which couldn't get worn away when used appropriately. In


This paper presents a groundbreaking numerical technique for solving nonlinear time fractional differential equations, combining the conformable continuity equation (CCE) with the Non-Polynomial Spline (NPS) interpolation to address complex mathematical challenges. By employing conformable descriptions of fractional derivatives within the CCE framework, our method ensures enhanced accuracy and robustness when dealing with fractional order equations. To validate our approach's applicability and effectiveness, we conduct a comprehensive set of numerical examples and assess stability using the Fourier method. The proposed technique demonstrates unconditional stability within specific parameter ranges, ensuring reliable performance across diverse scenarios. The convergence order analysis reveals its efficiency in handling complex mathematical models. Graphical comparisons with analytical solutions substantiate the accuracy and efficacy of our approach, establishing it as a powerful tool for solving nonlinear time-fractional differential equations. We further demonstrate its broad applicability by testing it on the Burgers–Fisher equations and comparing it with existing approaches, highlighting its superiority in biology, ecology, physics, and other fields. Moreover, meticulous evaluations of accuracy and efficiency using (L2 and L∞) norm errors reinforce its robustness and suitability for real-world applications. In conclusion, this paper presents a novel numerical technique for nonlinear time fractional differential equations, with the CCE and NPS methods' unique combination driving its effectiveness and broad applicability in computational mathematics, scientific research, and engineering endeavors.


Evaluation of systematic relationships in Arnica subgenus Arnica show that the complex consists of seven species. No new taxa have been proposed; however, names of several previously recognized taxa are treated as synonyms. Arnica auguslifolia, A. frigida, and A. lonchophylla, each consisting of two subspecies, are extremely polymorphic and variable in chromosome number. Arnica louiseana, A. rydbergii, A.fulgens and A. sororia are morphologically distinct. A taxonomic revision of the subgenus includes descriptions, keys, synonymies, distribution maps, and a discus sion of phylogenetic relationships.


According to one embodiment of the invention, the method, operation, and the file information, short-range communications (short range communication) for the file to the electronic device is produced, or select a file received from another electronic device to operate the electronic device It may provide a method comprising an operation of sending to the memory device using. Further, it is possible that other embodiments.


The molecular electronics approach to microsystems considers the electronic function to be performed, then attempts to synthesize its characteristics within a suitable solid material. It is expected that this approach will lead to many new concepts in the realization of electronic functions.


This study explores two college transfer students' stories to live by through their curricular transition journey to transferring. Research puzzle is how the participants' stories to live by in their transition journey are related with construction of their college transfer experience. Research results interpreted from '4 S System' perspectives(Schlossberg, 1984) are as follows. These are the most prominent components when they compose their transition stories in each factor. Situation: financial difficulty, academic factionalism, and finding employment. Self: self-belief and self-efficacy. Support: self-support.(Hyun-su: enhancing self-confidence / Man-su: developing sense of identity). Strategies: (Hyun-su: the application of self-value to the choice of transition experience / Man-su: continuous self-examination).


The SOX10 gene belongs to a family of genes that plays a critical role in the formation of tissues and organs during embryonic development. The SOX gene family also maintains the normal function of certain cells after birth. To carry out these roles, proteins made by genes in the SOX family bind to specific areas of DNA. By attaching to critical regions near genes, SOX proteins help control the activity of those genes. SOX proteins are called transcription factors on the basis of this action.


Terrain aided navigation (TAN) is an efficient way to periodically correct the error accumulation of INS. The imaging laser radar is an ideal imaging sensor in TAN for the low-flying aircraft and unmanned air vehicles for the high precision multi-dimensional data acquisition capability and concealable attribute. In this paper, a new framework for applying the laser radar to terrain aided navigation is put forward. Then a new adaptive fused Kalman Filter is proposed to improve the accuracy and robustness. At last, the key factors affected the algorithm are analyzed and the comparative experimentations are presented. The simulating experiments show that the proposed algorithm improves the location accuracy, and has good initial error tolerance and fine robustness. It shows that this approach is a valid solution for the application.


The MgO dielectric protective films, used in plasma display panel (PDP) and grown by electron beam evaporation at different substrate temperature and deposition rate, are studied with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and firing-voltage test in this paper. The results show that the (111) preferential orientation is always observed in MgO films at all substrate temperature and deposition rates, which presents two kinds of structure with different crystal-plane spacing, i.e. one with a crystal-plane spacing approximate to the conventional polycrystalline MgO and another with 1% shrinkage rate of crystal-plane spacing compared to the conventional polycrystalline MgO. The former is observed to have a stronger (111) peak and a lower firing voltage than the latter in which the lattice distortion occurs. It is also show that the higher substrate temperature and deposition rate tend to form (111) with larger shrinkage of crystal panel spacing.


The invention discloses a kit for detecting 1, 5-anhydro-D-ghlcitol in human blood. R1 comprises components as follows: 20-200 mM of a buffer solution, 1-10 mM of 4-aminoantipyrine, 0.2-2 mM of ATP (adenosine triphosphate), 1-10 mM of PEP (phosphoenolpyruvate), 1-50 KU/L of ATP-HK, 1-50 KU/L of pyruvate kinase, 1-50 KU/L of ascorbic acid oxidase, 0.05-10 mM of sodium vanadate, 0.01%-5% of a surface active agent, 0.1%-10% of a stabilizer and 0.01%-1% of a preservative; and R2 comprises components as follows: 20-200 mM of a buffer solution, 1-10 mM of TOOS (N-ethyl-N-(2-hydroxy-3-sulfopropyl)-3-methylaniline,sodium salt), 1-100 KU/L of POD (peroxidase), 10-200 KU/L of PROD (pyranose oxidase), 0.01%-5% of a surface active agent, 0.1%-10% of a stabilizer and 0.01%-1% of a preservative. The kit has the advantages that endogenous interference of glucose, bilirubin, ascorbic acid, blood lipid and the like is effectively prevented and the stability is good.


SUMMARY. 1. The patterns of relative and absolute growth and the reproductive biology of the freshwater crab Potamon fluviatile were studied in a natural population inhabiting a hill stream close to Florence, Italy, over an annual cycle. Periodical inspections of a stretch of the stream were made and morphological and anatomical analysis carried out.

2. As in other decapods, the females are smaller than the males (they can however occasionally reach larger dimensions). This may be determined by a lengthening of the moulting interval in the females, by their higher energetic cost of reproduction (since reproduction occurs simultaneously with moulting, at least in this habitat) and/or by a higher mortality rate resulting from the risks associated with carrying eggs and vagility.

3. The analysis of relative growth in secondary sexual characters (abdomen width and major chela length) with respect to carapace length, shows that the pre-puberty and puberty ecdysis occur at 15 and 35 mm carapace length respectively, which was also confirmed by the gonad weight, vas deferens in males, and the onset of vitellogencsis in females.

4. A delay between anatomical and functional (i.e. the ability to copulate successfully) maturity was observed in the males. Being larger may be an advantage in intra-sexual competition for mating, but larger males, being more vagile, are also more likely to meet receptive females. The females may mate before their puberty moult and store sperms in their seminal receptacles for when they attain full maturity; this could be adaptive since opportunities of encountering males are few and far between in their adult phase, characterized by their vagile and amphibious habits.


Two humanities professors shift from the rut of readings, memorization, and papers to having students ask personalized questions and make concepts relevant outside the classroom.


The sex and sin of Tennessee Williams's plays were—until the breakup of the USSR—either banned by prudish censors or diluted by jittery translators. Despite this, Williams has been a popular playwright, and today the repertoire of Moscow theatres includes not only his best-known works— The Glass Menagerie, The Rose Tattoo, and A Streetcar Named Desire—but also Williams's experiments in language, character, and form—Small Craft Warnings, The Two Character Play, and A Perfect Analysis Given by a Parrot. Audiences and artists are returning to the plays with fresh expectations and excitement now that new translations and productions have restored the playwright's corporeal concerns.


The emission response for vibration-induced emission luminogens is highly sensitive to the encountered steric hindrance during the planarization process such that a tiny structural variation could induce an obvious change in fluorescence.


Copper Schottky diodes on n-type GaN grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition were achieved and investigated. Ti/Al was used as the ohmic contact. The copper metal is deposited by the Sputter system. The barrier height was determined to be as high as (Φ B =1.13eV by current-voltage (I-V) method and corrected to be Φ B =1.35eV as considered the ideality factor, n, with the value of 1.2. By the capacitance-voltage (C-V) method, the barrier height is determined to be Φ B =1.41eV. Both results indicate that the sputtered copper metal is a high barrier height Schottky metal for n-type GaN.


A thermionic energy converter (TIC) functioning in collisionless regime at high emitter temperatures demonstrates very high output performance. In practice, such a regime has been realized at moder...


Detention ponds are one type of stormwater best management practices (BMPs) that can be used for the quantity control of stormwater. The pond works by reducing peak discharge downstream through temporary storage and gradual release. In this paper, a new experimental procedure using particle image velocimetry (PIV) is introduced for a two‐dimensional study of the hydrodynamic behavior of fine particles in a specially designed sediment basin. The hydrodynamic behavior of fine particles under different hydraulics parameters was achieved by shifting outlet placement, using different particle‐size diameters, varying the distance of the inlet from the water surface, and varying the flow rate. The same inlet and outlet level reduced fine‐particle dispersion and a lower flow rate assisted with controlling high siltation. Furthermore, smaller spherical particles had more influence on fine particle suspension. Therefore, controlling the hydraulic parameters can decrease the siltation problem level.


Vyawahare and Purohit (1) introduced the near pseudo Smarandache function, K(n). In this paper, we derive some more recurrence formulas satisfled by K(n). We also derive some new series, and give an expression for the sum of the flrst n terms of the sequence


Objective: To study the presence among salutogenic and pathogenic factors in 40 parents of children with and without motor impairment in the city. Method: descriptive comparative research. As measuring instruments were used the Scale of Psychological Well-being by Ryff, the questionnaire Connor Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10) the Scale of SOC by Antonovsky (OLQ-13) and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). Results: descriptive results suggest the presence of statistically significant differences between the sample of parents of children with and without motor impairment at the level of the variables general health (GHQ-12), resilience CD-RISC-10) and psychological well-being while no differences from the variable sense of coherence (SOC) are evident. Conclusion: The results are discussed in the light of the findings raising the need for new studies to determine the impact on the psychological health of parents with children with physical / mental limitations.


The article describes suitable methods of qualitative and quantitative risk assessment of critical infrastructure elements in road transport. The risk assessment consists of identification of risk sources, risk analysis and risk management. The authors are focused on the application of risk assessment methodology on road objects in their research. Within the identification of risk sources they studied theoretically possible risks and they concentrated especially on the most possible risks. Within the risk analysis the authors defined risk matrix. The most important theoretical contribution is a two-level model developed to assess risks in road traffic. This model was then used for a specific bridge in Bratislava. In this research project, the authors brought new scientifically substantiated solution of the critical infrastructure elements evaluation.


It is difficult for MCS to manage distributed multi-source spatial data.This paper introduces a new Spatial Metadata Catalog Services(SMCS).The spatial relation aggregation operations and catalog interfaces are defined.Thematic classical and nested aggregated collection referred to spatial relations are taken as governable method in the hierarchical catalog.And catalog index is created to find and locate distributed components which are efficiently proved to access,manage huge spatial data.The new application way enabled with SMCS can support efficiently run-time integration and share for huge multi-source spatial data under grid environment.


A test of the status quo of bibliographic references was carried out in 12 scientific articles selected at random and published in English in high impact journals between 2006 and 2017.The articles deal with the theme of using fibrous resources in pig rearing. It was found that the average of bibliographic references per article was 33.5. In addition, its distribution among introduction, Materials and Methods and discussion was 33.5. 20.5 and 46.0 % of the total, respectively, without significant effect (P>0.10) of six years (2006/2011 and
2012/2017) in any case. This same comparison showed that the average publication date of the referred documents was 1996 and 1998 without effect of six years (P> 0.10). In the publication chronology of the bibliographic references, there was not treatment effect (P> 0.10), with an accumulated of 1.7, 5.6, 17.6, 35.0, 66.1 and 93.9 % of the total mentioned with an age of 1, 2, 4, 8 , 16 and 32 years old, apparently forming a temporary cycle. The polynomial link between age and accumulated percent was highly significant
(R2, 0.999, P <0.001). Eight years in referred publications could be a possible index that would qualify the bibliographic support of scientific articles, at least those similar to the bias selected in this research. Undoubtedly, more research is required to support this suggestion.
Key words: pigs, fiber, bibliography, bibliometrics


Evaluated new towns development effectiveness in Beijing and Shanghai using DEA method,found that new town development effectiveness in Beijing is significantly lower than Shanghai,The main reason of lower effectiveness in Beijing is lower pure technical efficiency,it means inefficient use of resources invested.The third industry output and the number of hospital is mainly insufficient output indicators,so new town in Beijing should pay more emphasis on the development of the third industry and the enhancing of public service levels in the future,to provide basic foundation for the high quality of life.Inside and outside circle new town should take a different way to improve development effectiveness.


The invention relates to a method (200) for determining a position of a vehicle (100) on a roadway, wherein the method (200) comprises a step of receiving (210) vehicle coordinates from at least one received satellite signal, wherein the gross vehicle coordinates have been determined solely from signals from one or more satellites of a satellite positioning system. The method (200) further comprises a step of obtaining (220) an inertial signal representing an acceleration of the vehicle (100) in a direction substantially horizontal to the roadway. The method finally comprises a step of determining (230) fine vehicle coordinates merely from the received gross vehicle coordinates and the obtained inertial signal in order to use the fine vehicle coordinates for determining the position of the vehicle (100) on the roadway.


We investigate the influence of a finite absorber relaxation time on passively mode-locked semiconductor lasers. We find that the mode-locking mechanism of Haus is surprisingly susceptible to small perturbations and small changes in the parameters. Even when the absorber relaxation time is much larger than the pulse duration, it typically is still short enough to be a crucial part of the physics of mode-locking. Allowing for a finite absorber relaxation time, we find that stable operation of a mode-locked semiconductor is possible over a wide range of parameters. We argue that the pulse duration is inversely proportional to the square root of the pulse energy.


This paper examines the applicability of genetic algorithms in the complete design of fuzzy logic controllers. While GA has been used before in the development of rule sets or high performance membership functions, the interdependence between these two components dictates that they should be designed together simultaneously. GA is fully capable of creating complete fuzzy controllers given the equations of motion of the system, eliminating the need for human input in the design loop. We show the application of this new method to the development of a cart controller.


by MARIA MIHAELA APETRI Many neurological diseases are linked to the aberrant folding of proteins and the production of amyloid fibrils. The misfolding and aggregation of the protein α-synuclein into Lewy bodies is thought to play a key role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Despite extensive studies on this protein, very little is known about the structures and molecular mechanisms associated with the aggregation events. This work unravels detailed structural data about the aggregation pathways of α-synuclein, using an array of spectroscopic techniques, including circular dichroism, Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance and thioflavin-T fluorescence. Previous studies established that α-synuclein is predominantly unfolded in aqueous solution at neutral pH. My work revealed that under these conditions, α-synuclein adopts an ensemble of secondary structures (extended, α-helical and β-sheet). This interpretation was based on the analysis of the Raman amide I band of the monomeric α-synuclein. The morphology and the secondary structure of the soluble protein aggregates (spheroidal and chainlike oligomers) observed as probable


We develop a rigorous algebraic background for representations of triangle groups in linear groups over algebras arising from factor rings of multivariate polynomial rings. This is then used to substantially improve the existing upper bounds on the order of epimorphic images of triangle groups with a given injectivity radius and, analogously, the size of the associated hypermaps of a given type with a given planar width.


In assessing piezoresistive microcantilever sensitivity for surface stress sensing, the key is its capacity to translate surface stress into changes in resistance. This change hinges on the interplay between stresses and piezoresistivity. Traditional optimization has been constrained by rudimentary 1D models, overlooking potentially superior designs. Addressing this, we employed topology optimization to optimize Si(100) microcantilevers with a p-type piezoresistor. This led to optimized designs with up to 30% enhanced sensitivity over conventional designs. A recurrent"double-cantilever"configuration emerged, which optimizes longitudinal stress and reduces transverse stress at the piezoresistor, resulting in enhanced sensitivity. We developed a simplified model to analyze stress distributions in these designs. By adjusting geometrical features in this model, we identified ideal parameter combinations for optimal stress distribution. Contrary to conventional designs favoring short cantilevers, our findings redefine efficient surface stress sensing, paving the way for innovative sensor designs beyond the conventional rectangular cantilevers.


Climate change is affecting the health of millions of people through altering the geographic distribution and incidence of climate-sensitive health outcomes, including through injuries, illnesses, and deaths due to extreme weather events, food-, water-, and vectorborne diseases, air pollution, aeroallergens, and malnutrition (1). The magnitude of impacts is projected to increase as the climate continues to change. The scope and scale of projected impacts mean that climate change will touch the professional and personal lives of many public health and health care professionals. Avoiding, preparing for, and effectively responding to the health risks of climate change will require broad engagement of scientists, decision-makers, and the public. Achieving this engagement means that increased scientific literacy is needed of the causes and implications of climate change for human health.

There are growing numbers of assessments of the potential health impacts of climate change (1–4) and summaries for various audiences (5). Instead of summarizing current knowledge of the causes and consequences for human health of anthropogenic climate change, this paper will highlight a few issues that may help with understanding the human health impacts of climate change.

Energy drives climate change as well as its consequences
Energy refers to both the energy derived from burning fossil fuels, which, along with deforestation, is the primary cause of anthropogenic climate change, and to the resulting increased energy within the climate system that is manifest in the form of increased temperatures, alterations of the hydrologic cycle, and more frequent and intense extreme weather events.

The principal driving force for weather and climate is the uneven warming of the Earth's surface (due to the angle of rotation). Complex and changing atmospheric and oceanic patterns redistribute the absorbed solar energy from the equator to the poles. In addition, some absorbed energy is reradiated as long-wave (infrared) radiation. Some of this infrared radiation is then absorbed by the atmospheric greenhouse gases (including water vapour, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, halocarbons, and ozone) and reradiated back to the Earth, thereby adding additional energy to the atmosphere and oceans. This greenhouse effect warms the surface by more than would be achieved by incoming solar radiation alone and raises the global average surface temperature to its current 15°C (6). Without this warming, the Earth's diurnal temperature range would increase dramatically, and the global average surface temperature would be about 33°C colder. Increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases are increasing the energy in the atmosphere, further warming the planet.

Current concentrations of atmospheric CO2 and ethane far exceed pre-industrial values found in polar ice core records dating back 650,000 years; the concentration of atmospheric CO2 has increased from a pre-industrial value of about 280 ppm to 379 ppm in 2005 (7). Since 1750, it is estimated that about 2/3rd of anthropogenic CO2 emissions have come from fossil fuel burning and about 1/3rd from land use change. Ambient temperatures increased 0.74°C worldwide over the period 1906–2005. The rate of warming averaged over the past 50 years (0.13°C + 0.03°C per decade) is nearly twice that for the last 100 years (Figure 1), and at least six times faster than at any time during the 2,000 years.

Figure 1:

Figure 1: Global mean temperature increase (°C) from 1850 to 2005 (7). Annual global mean temperatures (black dots) with linear fits to the data. The left axis shows temperature anomalies relative to 1961–1990 and the right hand axis shows ...

The Earth is committed to decades of climate change
Figure 2, from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), shows projected temperature changes over this century based on different scenarios of greenhouse gas emissions (7). These scenarios are based on differing assumptions of future demographic, economic, and technology changes that determine the amount of fossil fuels that will be burned. The IPCC projected that the global mean temperature of the Earth would increase by the end of the 21st century by between 1.1 and 6.4°C (7). This projected rate of warming is much larger than the observed changes during the 20th century and is very likely to be without precedent during at least the last 10,000 years.

Figure 2:

Observed and Projected Global Mean Surface Temperatures (°C), 1900 to 2100. Solid lines are multi-model global averages of surface warming (relative to 1980–1999) for the scenarios A2, A1B and B1, shown as continuations of the 20th century ...

The orange line on the figure is the climate change commitment or the amount of warming that will occur no matter the degree to which greenhouse gas emissions are reduced over the next few decades. This commitment is due to the inherent inertia in the climate system. Natural processes currently remove about half the incremental anthropogenic CO2 added to the atmosphere annually; the balance is removed over one to two hundred years (7). The Earth is committed to nearly as much warming as has already occurred.


In this article, multi-objective bacterial foraging with non-dominated sorting procedure is applied to solve the non-linear constrained environmental/economic dispatch problem. In the proposed work, we have considered the standard IEEE 30-bus 6-generator test system with fuel cost and emission as two conflicting objectives to be optimized simultaneously. The limits on generator real power and reactive power outputs, bus voltages and power flow of transmission lines, ramp rate limits and prohibited operating zones are considered as the constraints. The proposed work also includes the effect of having non-smooth cost characteristics to mimic the valve point loading effect. The simulation result reveals that the proposed approach is a competitive one to the existing methods for finding the best optimal Pareto front of two conflicting objectives and has the better robustness.


Objective: Many studies view factors related to caseworker burnout as unchanging throughout a caseworker's career. This assumption may be unfounded, as there is considerable variation in levels of expertise and need for support among caseworkers over the course of a career. To that end, we used the Copenhagen and job demands-resources models of burnout to examine how factors associated with client- and work-related burnout among caseworkers vary by length of employment. Method: We divided a sample of 1,823 caseworkers into 4 length-of-tenure cohorts. We then conducted multivariate linear regressions and cross-model z-tests to examine ways in which job demands and resources related to burnout differed by cohort. Results: Job stress and time pressure were positively associated with at least one form of burnout regardless of tenure; the strength of this relationship varied across tenure cohorts. Supervisor support and training utility were only related to burnout among caseworkers who worked in their agency for less than 2 years. Self-care was negatively associated with burnout regardless of tenure. Conclusions: Caseworker tenure may influence the link between job demands/resources and burnout. Implications for the development of burnout prevention strategies and future research are discussed.


Arun Kolatkar has secured a prominent place in the Indian English Poetry. Kolatkar, born in Maharashtra, is considered to be a chief bi-lingual poet. He has penned down several works in the Marathi language and has also translated many works from Marathi to English. The works of Arun Kolatkar are abundant with scepticism. He satirises religious practices. His attacks on blind faith are apparent in his works. The poems in Jejuri run between The Bus and The Railway Station. In his poems, he majorly speaks of temple of God Khandoba, one of the forms of Lord Shiva - the supreme power of the universe, pilgrimages, bus-stop, and the priests. The faith of the mass swarming up to the temple of lord Khandoba is rich in itself. Jejuri is a revered temple in the Pune district of the Indian state of Maharashtra. It has its religious and cultural significance as the temple is of lord Shiva, Khandoba. Jejuri presents that irrespective of any caste and community, all the people worship God Khandoba with a faith that they will be blesses by the God. On the other hand, being the modern man, the poet also expresses his disbelief in several customs and satirises the priest who is more worried about his materialistic needs.


powers. In this sense, Hughes explains what is special about Korean film and literature in the colonial era. He explains that Korean culture was modernised through two different channels: contact with other Third World nations ruled by the European powers and via the introduction of Western culture through Japan. This one additional step made a difference. For the liberation era, Hughes clearly indicates the chaotic situation in South Korean literature, in which South Korean artists faced a sudden rejection of Marxism by the authorities. Marxist ideas were an important driving force in the anti-Japanese movement, but were gradually banned by the Americans and eventually by the new South Korean regime. It was the Korean War that settled the ideological chaos, and proletarian works in literature and film were completely prohibited as anticommunism became the dominant political ideology in South Korea. Nevertheless, especially with the Land of Excrement incident, Hughes demonstrates that artists in anti-communist South Korea continued to describe South Korea under American influence in anti-American terms. The miserable labour conditions behind the brilliant economic success of the anti-communist regime pictured in South Korea is another of Hughes's themes.


day, were suitable possibilities. The choice fell on Hofmeister after it had been learned that these other men, whose standing today is no greater than Hofmeister's, would require too large a stipend as compared with the metamorphosed book-seller. Since Hofmeister's time, ferns and other pteridophytes have occupied a fundamental place in botanical studies which seek to discover the ancestry and path of developments of floweringand seed-plants in general. Not only among living ferns, but increasingly among their predecessors of earlier geological periods over a stretch of some five hundred million years, thousands of pages of research reports have been published in the years since Hofmeister first made clear the basic pattern of the life history of the successful land plant divisions. From the account by Goebel, one of Hofmeister's students, may be taken one final interesting comment which points up Hofmeister's genius: "And in this connection, we may perhaps point out how much botany is indebted to those very investigators who were not professional botanists. Let us mention only K. F. Wolff, Ingen-Housz, A. v. Humboldt, Gartner, T. A. Knight, Hofmeister, Darwin, and Mendel."


In this paper, the problem is addressed of online identification of the optimum scheduling parameters for providing QoS guarantees to multimedia applications. In the proposed approach, the application is required to be modified for using any specific API, but rather its timing behaviour is automatically identified, and appropriate scheduling guarantees are provided by the OS seamlessly, making it particularly suitable for legacy multimedia applications. The problem is briefly motivated by means of both arguments from the theory of real-time systems, and practical experimental results gathered by using a real-time enhanced Linux kernel. In the proposed approach, an application is traced while it is executing, for the purpose of identifying its characteristic perdiodicity, if any. Then, an adaptive scheduling reservation is attached to the application, so that the real-time scheduler of the OS may provide it with proper real-time guarantees. Finally, a controller built into the kernel observes the application while it is running, for dynamically adapting the CPU allocation to its continuously changing requirements. Preliminary experimental results are shown, proving effectiveness of the technique in the provisioning of appropriate scheduling guarantees to a widely used multimedia player on Linux. Finally, a detailed roadmap is presented with the possible extensions to the approach.


We investigate the influence of temperature on multimode Fabry-Pérot laser output in a proposed colorless WDM system with self-seeding via modulation averaging reflector and with BLS-seeding. In particular, we investigate the connection between the information about the optical laser output from the laser integrated monitor photodetector and optical power output of the entire system with temperature change of the laser diode.


Access to classic texts by students is still a challenge in Spanish Language and Literature lessons during Compulsory Secondary Education. At the same time, literature for children and young adults is getting more and more present in this educational stage. The present didactic proposal intends to exemplify how —by means of workshops to be developed throughout an academic year— a picture book can motivate and make the reading of different Spanish canonical works more accessible. Some examples of that would be: The Life of Lazarillo de Tormes, The Celestine, Fuenteovejuna, Stanzas about the Death of his Father or crea-tions by the writer Garcilaso de la Vega. Likewise, by using the values emerging from the texts and, therefore, by showing their timelessness, these workshops are to have an impact on individuals formation and on trying to achieve an inclusive school and thence, society.


STUDY OBJECTIVE
This study compares the safety and efficacy of HFA 134a salbutamol sulfate (Airomir in the 3M CFC-free system [3M Pharmaceuticals]) and CFC 11/12 salbutamol (Ventolin [Allen & Hanburys]) in a cumulative dose-response (1, 1, 2, 4, 8 inhalations at 30-min intervals) study in asthmatic patients.

DESIGN
Randomized, single-blind, two-period cross-over study.

PARTICIPANTS
Twenty-four stable mild to moderate asthmatics.

MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS
At all cumulative inhalations, the changes in FEV1 (absolute, percent, and percent predicted) and FVC were equivalent. There was also no significant difference in heart rate, serum potassium level, BP, 12-lead ECG, Holter monitor recordings, or adverse events. Both HFA 134a salbutamol sulfate and CFC 11/12 salbutamol displayed a significant dose-response for FEV1, FEF25-75%, FVC, serum potassium, heart rate, and systolic BP.

CONCLUSIONS
HFA 134a salbutamol sulfate and CFC 11/12 salbutamol produced clinically and statistically similar airway responses and side effects. These results indicate that HFA 134a salbutamol sulfate would be a safe and effective substitute for CFC 11/12 salbutamol.


A device single use (100, 1000.1100) for self-release of follicle stimulating hormone solution. The device includes an elongate main housing (110, 1010, 1110); a rotatable rotator (118); a knob (160, 1015, 1115); a rod piston (116); a set of the needle (140); and a carrier cartridge (150) the elongate main housing having distal portions (111) and proximal (112) arranged along the longitudinal axis; with the characteristic that the rotating rotator is connected to the proximal portion of the main housing and rotatable about the longitudinal axis with respect to the main housing; the knob extends from the proximal portion and is rotatable with respect to the main housing between a locking position and seven or fewer positions discrete dosage to adjust the release of variable dose of the solution of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), the knob has longitudinally spaced elements (908) corresponding to the closed position and seven or fewer discrete dosage positions respectively; the piston rod is coupled rotatably to a portion of the rotator and is guided by a spring longitudinally, the plunger rod is locked in rotation to the knob in the locking position corresponding to the locking position element, the plunger rod is movable incrementally along the longitudinal axis between the corresponding to the locking position and one element of the elements of seven or fewer discrete dosage positions; the needle assembly is permanently enclosing a needle permanently attached, which has an inner end (425) and a working end (424); the cartridge holder is proximally attached to the firing pin assembly, the cartridge holder holding an elongated drug (130) cartridge containing the FSH solution, this solution is sterile and free of preservatives to allow only a single use of the device, the drug cartridge is permanently enclosed within the cartridge holder and with a penetrable membrane (133) adjacent the inner end of the needle and the movable plunger (131, 132) adjacent to the plunger rod, the drug cartridge is disconnected from fluidly the inner end of the needle when the knob is in the locked position; and in it the device further includes a needle guard (120, 1025, 1125) movable relative to the main housing along the longitudinal axis between a covering position that is distal to the working end of the needle and an injection position which is close to the working tip of the needle, with the needle guard oriented spring means for normally placed in the covering position and being opaque to block substantially the user's view of the working end of the needle the covering position, having the needle guard cam or follower rotationally and longitudinally interacting with a follower or respective cam rotator during a compression stroke of the needle guard from the covering position to the position injection; and a removable cover (410, 1020, 1120) positioned to cover the working end of the needle, wherein the needle assembly or drug cartridge is movable along the longitudinal axis to a priming position via coupling with the lid or the piston rod respectively to the inner end of the needle penetrates the membrane and fluidly connect with the drug cartridge to prime the needle with the solution of FSH, wherein during the race compression the needle guard is moved to the injection position and rotates the rotator to engage rotatably the piston and cause the plunger rod to move one of the elements of seven or fewer positions discrete dosage and compress moving piston to release an amount corresponding discrete doses of FSH solution from the working end of the needle, where the user steps required to place the device not emba side from the locking position into a position ready for use are four or less.


Using ultrahigh vacuum techniques and highly purified gas samples, measurements of the spatial growth of prebreakdown ionization in uniform fields E were made from helium in the range 4.4*1018<N<2.8*1019 cm-3 and for 8.4*10-17<E/N<1.5*10-16 V cm2, where N is the gas number density. Values of the Townsend primary ionization coefficient alpha were determined from the measurements and alpha /N was found to increase with decreasing N at a given value of E/N. Comparison is made with previous theoretical and experimental data and it is shown that the results are quantitatively consistent with Penning ionization of impurities present in amounts which were assessed by comparison with theoretically computed values of alpha /N to be about 1 volume per million.


We used finite‐difference simulations of 10‐Hz P‐SV and SH waves to estimate the contribution from the deep basin structure to the large ground motion amplification in Santa Monica, California, observed for seismic waves incident from the north. Our simulations of a 17‐km deep Northridge aftershock with epicenter 30 km north of Santa Monica show that focusing at the lens‐shaped boundary of the sediments can only account for less than half the amplification observed in the area that was heavily damaged during the 1994 M 6.7 Northridge earthquake. The focusing in the simulations caused amplification of up to 1.6 times in a zone 0.65–2.4 km south of the Santa Monica fault and de‐amplification at sites just south of the fault where some of the largest amplification is observed in the data.


Let O be homogeneous of degree 0 in Rn and integrable on the unit sphere. A rough maximal operator is obtained by inserting a factor O in the definition of the ordinary maximal function. Rough singular integral operators are given by principal value kernels O(y) / |y|n, provided that the mean value of O vanishes. In an earlier paper, the authors showed that a two-dimensional rough maximal operator is of weak type (1,1) when restricted to radial functions. This result is now extended to arbitrary finite dimension, and to rough singular integrals.


This paper reports on the results of a survey carried out in Hartlepool towards the end of 1989. It considers the problems posed by data collection through survey methods to enquire into the management of household finances, and adopts a procedure which first examines treatment of the man's wage, and follows with additional questions about use of the woman's wage, access to personal spending money, and the location of final authority over spending. The data are based on a comparison between four different groupings with reference to the man's employment status: Group A: couples in which the man has been unemployed for at least the last 12 months. Group B: couples in which the man is currently employed and has held the same job for at least the last twelve months. Group C: couples in which the man has been recently recruited to employment. Group D: a residual group covering any other status, notably early retirement, sickness, disability or student status. An age range of 20–55 was imposed. Marked contrasts were found between these groupings though further variation was introduced by employment for the woman. Broadly speaking there are two instances of heightened financial influence for women: low income prompts female management, whilst women's employment (and therefore higher income) increases joint management. It is in the traditional and declining situation of a sole male earner in which female authority or influence is at its lowest.


The constitution of the Federal Republic of Nepal assures equality of all Nepalese citizens regardless of gender, ethnicity and religion. There is a stringent law which recognizes all form of caste-based discrimination as a serious criminal offense. However, caste-based hate crimes including physical assaults and cold-blooded homicides are frequently the headlines of national dailies.


Using adaptive estimation approaches, a method is presented for the on-line identification of hysteretic systems under arbitrary dynamic environments The availability of such an identification approach is crucial for the on-line control and monitoring of nonlinear structural systems to be actively controlled. In spite of the challenges encountered in the identification of the hereditary nature of the restoring force of such nonlinear systems, it is shown through the use of simulation studies and experimental measurements that the proposed approach can yield reliable estimates of the hysteretic restoring force under a very wide range of excitation levels and response ranges.


Recently the products and trades of Chinese enterprises are often faced with the obstacles from standardization and patent right areas,In other words,Chinese products are rejected in foreign markets as being inferior to international or import standards,or Chinese enterprises are frequently prosecuted for Patent right because of ignoring the patent right protection of foreign countries.Meanwhile,those two phenomena are mixed together.patent right is generally involved in the issues of standard,the process of standardization involves patent right.such a mutual mix will have greater effect on Chinese enterprises.This essay deals with the reasons for the mix between standardization and patent right and the analysis of its law philosophy,This essay also makes practical analysis of the effects patent right standardization has on Chinese trades,and puts forward the basic strategies for Chinese enterprises to handle patent right misuse in the process of industrial standard.


THERAPY AFTER TERROR: 9/11, PSYCHOTHERAPISTS, AND MENTAL HEALTH. Karen M. Seeley. New York: Cambridge University Press. Hardcover. 242 pp. $35.00. ISBN: 978-0-521-88422-8. Reviewed by September K. Trent and Geoffrey W. Sutton (Evangel University/Springfield, MO). "Everybody's trauma was so raw. It didn't matter who you were talking to - relief worker, direct victim, other therapists - you were all the same body in some ways" (p. 152). Seeley peppers her analysis of the effects of 9/11 on psychotherapists and the field of mental health with excerpts from pungent and thoughtful interviews. We glimpse the chaos through the eyes of psychotherapists who lived the trauma in their personal and professional lives. On the morning of September 11, 2001, New York therapists are running to the Red Cross shelters to donate their time, psychologists are treating patients who are eyewitnesses to the worst enemy attack on the American homeland, and counselors, themselves victims who lost everything, are trying to counsel others through trauma-colored lenses. Seeley examines the diagnosis of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder in light of the severe impact of the terrorist attacks and the difficulties mental health professionals had when attempting to formulate a diagnosis. The author, Karen M. Seeley, MSW, Ph.D., is a clinical social worker and cultural psychologist in the Anthropology Department at Columbia University. In addition to her academic qualifications, she provides a highly readable and thoughtful analysis of psychotherapy in the context of terror. In the first and second chapters, the events of 9/11 are retold in the context of therapists' views of the event and their attempts to donate their skills. Project Liberty, a government funded mental health project, was formed immediately following 9/11 to help its victims deal with their unsteady mental health. Seeley uses personal recounts by psychotherapists as they tried to volunteer their services for Project Liberty and the Red Cross. Many psychotherapists experienced confusion, which they attributed to problems of organization and education about handling a mental health crisis. Most of the professionals did not feel helpful because they were sent to places where no victims arrived. Only later did they learn that no victims arrived because so few survived the twin towers attack. As readers, we gain insights from Seeley and the psychotherapists that are notably different perspectives on the effects of the terrorist attacks. Because the American mass media focused on the visual assault and the horrific destruction, an in-depth exploration of the psychological sequellae has been missing. Seeley illustrates how the emotional aftermath silently but powerfully impacted a wide swath of people in New York City. In particular, the psychotherapists' stories are heart wrenching. Their narratives take the reader to ground zero, facilities where families are struggling to find lost loved ones, and the private offices of psychologists. Through Seeley's reconstructed timeline of the events and the ineffective efforts to cope with the trauma by some of New York's most experienced therapists, chapters one and two capture the reader's desire to learn the lessons from these untold stories of 9/11. A few days after 9/11, the Red Cross and Project Liberty identified the problems and places where psychotherapists were needed. Chapters three and four explore a range of psychotherapists' experiences in different facilities. Both the Red Cross and Project Liberty sent psychotherapists to ground zero to talk with fire fighters, police, and construction workers who were searching for survivors. Other professionals were sent to Family Assistance Centers or Service Centers that were set up by the government to help families find and identify lost loved ones and to obtain monetary support from the government. All of the psychotherapists spoke about the extreme difficulty they experienced in trying to help so many victims and their families. …


Legislation in Europe as well as industry and consumer pressure has caused a shift from traditional tin-lead solder to lead-free solder. In this work, we examine five metals used or contemplated for use in electronic solders: tin and lead (the traditional solder metals), copper and silver (the metals added to tin in most non-leaded solders), and bismuth (a constituent of some specialty solders). History of use, current use, and potential effects of a transition to lead-free solder are the main topics of discussion


This
paper
looks
at
the
implications
for
governance
in
interpersonal
economic
inequality
in
Europe.
In
doing
so,
it
looks
at
the
economic
repercussions
of
territorial
governance
and
intergovernmental
relations
stemming
from
this
governance
structure
from
different
perspectives:
Regional,
national
and
EU-‐level.
First,
by
using
cross-‐sectional
data,
it
tests
whether
countries
with
higher
regional
fiscal
authority
and
more
decentralized
governance
structures
experience
higher
interpersonal
income
inequality.
Then,
it
examines
whether
the
co-‐sharing
of
fiscal
power
between
the
center
and
the
subnational
actors
is
related
to
lower
inequality
levels.
Using
qualitative
data
gathered
in
fieldwork,
the
second
section
takes
Germany
as
a
case
for
understanding
the
importance
of
governance
on
redistributive
matters
and
inequality.
The
case
study
shows
that,
despite
increases
in
inequality,
a
general
federal
commitment
to
achieving
a
certain
level
of
economic
and
services
inequality
persists
in
Germany
through
the
delicate
balance
of
centralized
and
decentralized
elements
of
its
federal
governance
structure.


Aims. We studied the 27-day variations of galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) based on neutron monitor (NM), ACE/CRIS, STEREO, and SOHO/EPHIN measurements in the solar minima 23/24 and 24/25, which are characterized by the opposite polarities of solar magnetic cycle. We used the opportunity to reanalyze the polarity dependence of the amplitudes of the recurrent GCR variations in 2007–2009 for the negative A < 0 solar magnetic polarity and to compared it with the clear periodic variations related to solar rotation in 2017–2019 for positive A > 0.
Methods. We used the Fourier analysis method to study the periodicity in the GCR fluxes. Because the GCR recurrence is a consequence of solar rotation, we analyzed not only GCR fluxes, but also solar and heliospheric parameters to examine the relations of the 27-day GCR variations and heliospheric as well as solar wind parameters.
Results. We find that the polarity dependence of the amplitudes of the 27-day variations of the GCR intensity and anisotropy for NMs data is kept for the last two solar minima: 23/24 (2007–2009) and 24/25 (2017–2019), with greater amplitudes in the positive A > 0 solar magnetic polarity. ACE/CRIS, SOHO/EPHIN, and STEREO measurements are not governed by this principle of greater amplitudes in the positive A > 0 polarity. The GCR recurrence caused by the solar rotation for low-energy (< 1 GeV) cosmic rays is more sensitive to the enhanced diffusion effects, resulting in the same level in 27-day amplitudes for the positive and negative polarities. In contrast, the high-energy (> 1 GeV) cosmic rays that are registered by NMs are more sensitive to the large-scale drift effect, which leads to the 22-year Hale cycle in the 27-day GCR variation, with the larger amplitudes in the A > 0 polarity than in A < 0.


We are designing an all-scintillator Compton gamma imager for use in security investigations and remediation actions involving radioactive threat material. To satisfy requirements for a rugged and portable instrument, we have chosen solid scintillator for the active volumes of both the scatter and absorber detectors. Using the BEAMnrc/EGSnrc Monte Carlo simulation package, we have constructed models using four different materials for the scatter detector: LaBr3 , NaI, CaF2 , and PVT. We have compared the detector performances using angular resolution, efficiency, and image resolution. We find that while PVT provides worse performance than that of the detectors based entirely on inorganic scintillators, all of the materials investigated for the scatter detector have the potential to provide performance adequate for our purposes.


Aiming at joint diseases such as knee osteoarthritis that seriously troubles middle-aged and elderly people, this device adopts a dual-mode laser rehabilitation treatment scheme that combines pulsed laser array stimulation and continuous laser uniform heating for patients with knee joint lesions. treat. The whole system is mainly composed of pulse drive module, constant current drive module, PID temperature control module, physical therapy temperature control module, main control module and human-computer interaction module.


Correspondence Address: 51) Int. C. Rutan & Tucker, LLP. (51) t C 6/00 (2006.01) Hani Z. Sayed (52) U.S. Cl. .......................................................... 60/39.182 611 ANTON BLVD SUTE 14OO (57) ABSTRACT COSTA MESA, CA 92.626 (US) Abstract: A refrigeration cycle is integrated into a combined (73) Assignee: FLUOR TECHNOLOGIES CORPOcycle power plant to form a triple cycle power plant in which RATION, Aliso Viejo, CA (US) gas turbine generator inlet air is chilled and dehydrated to increase the mass flow of the inlet air, and in which duct (21) Appl. No.: 11/569,042 firing in HRSG is increased in dependence of the increased mass flow. In further preferred integration aspects, the heat (22) PCT Filed: May 19, 2004 from the inlet chiller refrigerant is provided to the HRSG.


A simple, clean, and sustainable technology has been applied to the development of amide-based artificial receptors for the pharmaceutical impurity acetamide. Artificial receptors in the form of analogue template molecularly imprinted polymers (AT-MIPs) were produced in a supercritical carbon dioxide medium using methacrylamide and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as the functional monomer and the crosslinker, respectively. AT-MIPs were obtained in high yields as easy-to-handle and ready-to-use solids. The materials were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption porosimetry, scanning electron microscopy, and Morphologi G3 particle size analysis. The affinity properties of AT-MIPs for three amides (acetamide, benzamide, and pivalamide) were assessed by packing the affinity materials into blank columns and evaluating their profiles under static and dynamic modes. The size and shape of the cavities created on the artificial receptors had a strong impact on the material's per...


Nowadays there are many ways to measure the heart rate. They vary from taking pulse manually to using special devices such as pulsometers, and so on. One more way of the heart rate measuring is using mobile phone's on-board camera. Such approach allows user of a mobile phone to find out his/her heart rate without having to buy special devices like pulsometers. Furthermore, heart rate measuring using mobile phone's camera does not require any special skills, like taking pulse manually does. The requirement for the heart rate measuring using mobile phone's camera is just a phone with an on-board camera equipped with a flash (the quality of the camera does not matter) and a special application installed. For the user of such an application measuring heart rate using mobile phone's camera is very simple. All that the user needs to do is just run the application, place a finger over the camera lens and somehow tell the application that he/she is ready for the measurement (for example, by pressing a button). After that, the camera flash is turned on and the application starts to capture frames from the camera (usually, for about 10 seconds) and then analyzes them to calculate user's heart rate. The crucial idea of this approach is the following: as the heart beats, it pushes the blood to every part of the body and to the fingers particularly, so it changes the color and opacity of the skin. These changes can be detected by analyzing the average red component of the frames, taken from the camera. Graph of the average red component values will contain "sharp" local maximums, in which the values of the signal derivative are quickly changing from large positive to large negative. Such a maximum is called a peak, it corresponds to a single heart beat. The heart rate can be counted according to the number of such peaks. In practice it is not trivial to detect peaks of the signal, because the retrieved signal is too noisy due to movements of the finger among the camera lens and changing of the surrounding light level. In the thesis [1] the author filters a signal using a moving average filter to remove rough peaks from it. After that the entire signal is split into windows of fixed length. For each window a signal is compared to the sinusoidal pattern for determination of the peaks occurring at the equal intervals of the time. The heart rate is calculated as multiplication of the peaks count and ratio of 60 seconds to the length of the window. In the paper [2] authors propose to normalize the signal using smooth differentiation. After that it become simple to get the number of the peaks. This value divided by the running time of the video gives the estimation for the heart beat rate. In practice it turns out, that such approaches are not quite applicable. The height of the rough peaks is comparable to the height of the needed peaks. Because of it filtration reduces not only the amplitude of the noise, but also the amplitude of the entire signal. To cope with these issues we developed a new algorithm of the heart rate measuring. The main idea of the proposed algorithm is to find out the average distance between adjacent peaks. The algorithm contains the following steps: 1) Signal differentiation. This step is needed, because the surrounding light level can change during capturing of the frames, and that provokes the signal baseline to rise up or fall down. After the differentiation the signal's average become close to zero despite the surrounding light level variability. 2) Making of the sets, that contain n highest peaks of the signal. The value of n is considered from 3 to m, where m depends on the length of the measurement (for example, for the 10 __________________________________________PROCEEDING OF THE 12TH CONFERENCE OF FRUCT ASSOCIATION


The linear dispersion relation of the beam-plasma instability and the ISEE 1 wave observations in the electron foreshock are examined in order to study the existence of broadband emissions polarized in an oblique direction with respect to the direction of the electron beams reflected from the bow shock. The present work focuses on broadband emissions observed above the electron plasma frequency ωpe, in the frequency range 1 − 1.5 ωpe and above. The linear dispersion relation of waves is investigated numerically and the dependence of the unstable frequency bandwidth on the beam to plasma temperature ratio, Tb/Tp, and density ratio, Nb/Np, is studied. It is shown that electron plasma waves can initially grow in an oblique direction up to 2.5 ωpe and above, when the beam temperature is low, Tb/Tp below 10−2, and its density close to or above Nb/Np = 0.01. The unstable frequency bandwidth over which emissions can grow is shown to be highly controlled by the density ratio Nb/Np. The statistical study of the directivity of broadband emissions observed by ISEE 1 supports the existence of oblique emissions in the frequency range 1–1.5 ωpe, whereas the emissions with frequencies close to ωpe propagate mainly in the parallel direction.


In this paper, a general Bernoulli equation is formulated in terms of three Clebsch-type variables for unsteady compressible rotational f low in turbomachine aerodynamics. Considering the fully 3-D unsteady relative flow of inviscid compressible fluid passing a rotating blade with a constant angular speed ω, we have the following momentum equation — + V w 2 w x ( V x C ) c o 2 r = i v P (1) at 2 ρ where w and C are relative and absolute velocity respectively. C = w + u, u = cor The velocity can be expressed as Clebsch form /2,3/ = V ΘΦ) dt I, at J at Vß v f f l +v f Sß'l α — U J ν at j + — V ß — V a dl dt Multiplying the above equation by w · yields dw Jd δβ) 5α δβ _ w = w-V — + α — + — w · V ß — w • V a dt I at at J a at


Objective: To investigate the inhibitory action of the combination of the extract from five types of Ganodema Lucidum with cyclophosphamide(CTX) on mice transplanted solid tumor.Methods: The in vivo tumor inhibition action was evaluated by traditional method of drug screening.The mice sarcoma-180 was used as tumor strain.Fourty NIH mice were divided randomly into four groups and ten for each group.The mice of negative control group were given normal saline 20ml/(kg·d) by gastric tube feeding while the mice of positive control group were given cyclophosphamide(CTX) 20mg/(kg·d) also by gastric tube feeding.The mice of the first experimental group were given the extract from five types of Ganodema Lucidum 20g/(kg·d) by gastric tube feeding.The mice of the second experimental group was given the extract of Ganodema Lucidum 20g/(kg·d) and cyclophosphamide(CTX) 20mg/(kg·d) by gastric tube feeding.Each group was given drugs continuously for ten days 24 hours after implantation of sarcoma cell.All the mice were killed 24 hours after the drugs were given for the last time.The tumors were obtained and rate of tumor inhibition was calculated.Results: For the first experimental group,the rate of tumor inhibition was(47.41~60.42)%,the second was(78.02~80.23)%.For each experimental group,the rate of tumor inhibition was significantly higher than that of the negative control group(P0.001).And the rate of tumor inhibition of the second group was also remarkably higher than that of first group or the positive control group(P0.05).Conclusion: The combination of the extract from five types of Ganodema Lucidum with cyclophosphamide(CTX) could produce synergetic antitumor effect.


The hospital mortality following 108 878 anaesthetics in Cardiff between 1972 and 1977 has been analysed. There was a total of 2391 deaths, giving a crude mortality rate of 2 2 per 100 patients. Data are presented on several important variables that influence mortality These include age, sex, preoperative clinical assessment score, preoperanve condition, site of operation, operation, whether elective or emergency and duration of anaesthesia


Objective: To prepare a protein microarray for detection of anti-HIV antibodies based on nanogold probe coupled with silver enhancement. Methods: The capture antigens, P24, gp41, gp36 and gp120, were immobilized onto the aldehyde-coated glass slides in an array format, which could detect multiple HIV antibodies sensitively and specifically.(Results): The nano-gold silver method was used in the detection of protein microarrays, the resulting signals could be conveniently obtained with a common CCD scanner or a CCD camera. The gray value of the spot could be read with Genepix or ImageJ software for a further data analysis. Conclusion:Compared with the Cy-3 fluorescence method, this new nanogold-silver detection method is versatile and sensitive with lower cost and more stable signal.


Organic compound materials having bipolarity, that is, quinoxaline derivatives represented by the general formula (1): wherein R1 to R12 are each independently hydrogen, halogeno, lower alkyl, alkoxy, acyl, nitro, cyano, amino, dialkylamino, diarylamino, vinyl, aryl, or a heterocyclic residue; R 9 and R10, R10 and R11, or R11 and R12 are each independently an aromatic ring or are bonded to each other to form an aromatic ring; Ar1 to Ar4 are each independently aryl or a heterocyclic residue; and Ar1, Ar2, Ar3, and Ar4are each independent, or Ar1 and Ar2, or Ar3 and Ar4 are bonded to each other either directly or through oxygen (O), sulfur (S) or carbonyl.


Previous studies have shown a dissociation of implicit and explicit knowledge of a repeating sequence in a perceptuomotor skill developed by M.J. Nissen and P. Bullemer (1987). P. Perruchet and M.A. Amorim (1992) raised the concern that the dissociation was an artifact of the cued-recall task used to assess explicit knowledge and reported high correlations between implicit and explicit memory (as assessed by recall and recognition). We report an experiment that addresses their concerns about the explicit test in which we found evidence that supports the dissociation


Service Areas 1 MLA registration and information (Gold level, ET) 2 Members' lounge and "Who's Where" directory (Columbus Hall A and B, Gold level, ET) 3 MLA headquarters (Wrigley, Bronze level, WT) 4 Desk for persons with disabilities (Gold level, ET) 5 Friends of Bill W. (Skyway Suite 279, Blue level, ET) 6 Graduate student lounge (Skyway Suite 261, Blue level, ET) 7 Pressroom (Comiskey, Bronze level, WT) 8 Speaker ready room (Grand Suite 1, Gold level, ET) The Riverside Exhibit Hall is on the Purple level, East Tower, one flight below the Gold level. Take the escalators marked on the floor plan of the Gold level, East Tower. 1 2 2 . 6 ]


Law No. 3 of the year 2006 concerning on Religious Courts, especially Article 49 letter (i) of the Religious Courts has the authority to adjudicate disputes Sharia banking is a problem among legal experts, the Supreme Court, Law Number 21 of the year 2008 concerning Sharia Banking, then decided by the Court's decision The Constitution Number 93 / PUU-X / 2012 becomes the authority of the Religious Court. Keywords: Authority of Religious Courts, Sharia Banking, State System


We propose that single respondent surveys continue to be a viable supply chain management research tool. However, necessary care must be taken in research design and implementation. Articles published in leading supply chain management journals in the past 10 years were reviewed in order to identify patterns and trends in the use of single respondent surveys. Based upon that analysis, several recommendations such as using multi-method research design, careful informant selection, and better documentation are presented for survey researchers to ensure and enhance the validity of single respondent survey research.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Due to increasing market requirements, ensuring responsiveness through flexible assignment of staff plays a crucial role for many companies. One way to compensate the corresponding rise in complexity and flexibility of cognitive work requirements is the use of mobile assistance systems, which can coordinate and support the employees in dealing with more frequent job rotations. In a laboratory study, we compared the effects of a static and a mobile task assistance system on performance and on aspects of humane working conditions. Acceptance, usability and trust towards the assistance were rated higher for the mobile system. No negative effect, neither on the performance nor on the perception of stress and strain was found.


The paper considers the properties of a supershort avalanche electron beam (SAEB) produced in different gases at the pressures from 1 torr to 15 atm. The SAEB downstream of a gas diode foil was detected at sulphur hexafluoride and xenon pressures up to 2 atm, nitrogen pressure up to 5 atm, and helium pressure up to 15 atm. It is demonstrated that at an air pressure of 1 atm, the SAEB is generated into an angle larger than 2 π sr. It is shown that the highest amplitudes of a SAEB of short duration are attained in different gases at low pressures.


Object To study the chemical constituents of the extracts S 1 and S 7 in GINSENG SINI TANG, which has the effect of antihemorrhagic shock Methods The constituents of S 1 and S 7 were isolated and purified by silica gel column chromatographic methods and analyzed by ESI/MS n, MALDI TOF/MS Results The 12 compounds were identified as ginsenosides Ra 1, Ra 2, Rb 1, Rb 2, Rb 3, Rc, Rd, Re, Rg 1, Rg 2, Rg 3, Rf from constituent S 7 in GINSENG SINI TANG The six compounds of diterpenoid alkaloid were identified as 14 benzoylhypaconine 8 linoleate (HAL), 14 benzoyldeoxyaconine 8 oleate (HAO), 14 benzoylhypaconine 8 palmitate (HAP), benzoylmesaconitine (BM), benzoylaconitine (BA), benzoylhypaconitine (BH) from constituent S 1 in GINSENG SINI TANG Conclusion All these compounds were obtained from GINSENG SINI TANG and identified for the first time


T HE prominence of the conception of value is one of the most characteristic features of our time. I believe it is true to say that even fifty years ago it was seldom heard of except in connection with economic studies; or, if it was pressed beyond these limits-as it sometimes was by such writers as Carlyle and Ruskin-such an extension was regarded as a somewhat violent metaphor. Now, however, it is quite common to speak of moral and artistic values; it has been maintained by one distinguished writer (H6ffding) that the fundamental conception of religion is that of the conservation of values; while another writer of a more revolutionary type (Nietzsche) has urged that all our valuations will have to be reconsidered. More recently some philosophical writers-chiefly Austrians-have studied its wider bearings in a somewhat exhaustive fashion. Yet, although the term has only recently become widely current, its meaning has not been absent from men's thoughts. But, instead of speaking of values, they were in the habit of calling things good or right or again bad or evil or wrong. I suppose Nietzsche's contention, that it was necessary to get "beyond good and bad" (jenseits von Gut und Bose), was to a considerable extent responsible for the partial abandonment of these terms. But he only represented the culmination of a way of thinking that had long been developing. It is a way of thinking that is closely connected with what William James called Pragmatism; and indeed James was one of the first to give currency to this use of value. It is also connected with a conception that has recently been brought into prominence by Einstein-that of relativity. When people hesitate to say that any truth is absolutely true or that any line is


It is well recognized that creating summaries of scientific texts can be difficult. For each given document, the majority of summarizing research believes there is only one best gold summary. Having just one gold summary limits our capacity to assess the effectiveness of summarizing algorithms because creating summaries is an art. Likewise, because it takes subject-matter experts a lot of time to read and comprehend lengthy scientific publications, annotating several gold summaries for scientific documents can be very expensive. The shared task known as the Multi perspective Scientific Document Summarization (Mup) is an exploration of various methods to produce multi perspective scientific summaries. Utilizing Graph Attention Networks (GATs), we take an extractive text summarization approach to the issue as a kind of sentence ranking task. Although the results produced by the suggested model are not particularly impressive, comparing them to the state-of-the-arts demonstrates the model's potential for improvement.


ior. We have determined these highest bound states of Rb, using double-resonance photoassociation spectroscopy. Photoassociation is a method of spectroscopy based on optical transitions induced by a probe laser on pairs of colliding atoms. Previous single-photon photoassociation experiments in ultracold Rb were only able to determine triplet parameter^.^ Here we present results of a new double resonance (freebound-bound) experiment that directly determines the highest Rb ground bound state positions including states with both triplet and singlet character. One laser of frequency ul is locked onto a resonance between the colliding doubly spin-polarized "Rb atoms and an excited j = 2 bound molecular state (Fig. 1). This state spontaneously decays predominantly to free pairs of atoms that escape from the trap, thereby reducing the number of trapped atoms. A second laser of frequency U, is tuned through resonances between bound ground states and the same excited state. Optical double resonance signals are observable in U, vi as decreased trap loss associated with the bound-bound coupling. The photoassociation spectrum of the first 20 GHz below dissociation is shown in Fig. 2. Three series are visible, corresponding to F = 6,5, or 4, where F = F, + F, is the vector sum of the total spin of each atom. The F = 6 and F = 5 states are pure triplet states, whereas the F = 4 state is of mixed singlet and triplet character resulting from the hyperfine interaction. These results are the first observations of triplet ground bound states in Rb as well as the first observations of the highest mixed singlet and triplet boundlevels. From this data, we are able to extract the "Rb triplet scattering length and find it to be consistent with our previous result of -400 ? 100 aO4. An analysis of the F = 4 levels provides information on the singlet parameters. Further experiments wil obtain the other hyperfine levels and will probe deeper into the potential, using both "Rb and "Rb atoms. This work should lead to a complete understanding of ground state ultracold Rb interactions in arbitrary spin states. **Eindhoven University of Technology, Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands *Present address: Department of Physics, Nutionul Chung-Hsing University, TuiChung, Tuiwan, R. 0. C.


A large number of accident investigations show that human factor plays an important role in the process of enterprises safety production,so the reasonable evaluation for employee safety quality is important for ensuring the production safety.Through systematic analysis of relevant literature material,the comprehensive evaluation index system about employee safety quality was built with the method of synthesis.On the basis of principle of multilevel matter-element analysis,the multilevel matter-element model of enterprise worker safety quality evaluation was constructed,then an actual example was selected to the application of the model,the evaluation result of the actual example accorded with actual situation and it showed that multilevel matter-element analysis is feasible for enterprise worker safety quality evaluation.Multilevel matter-element analysis is simple in calculations,it can solve the irrelevant problem between evaluation indexes and improve the rationality and accuracy of the evaluation result.


Do Portuguese workers have fertility-friendly policies or initiatives in the workplace to help and support them reconcile work with their reproductive struggles and choices?

 Most workers are not receiving adequate support. There's a need to educate Portuguese policymakers regarding reproductive struggles and the possible benefits of implementing fertility-friendly policies.

 With the European population ageing and birth rates getting lower, many companies are adopting family-friendly policies to encourage staff retention (Chand & Markova, 2018; Chzen et al., 2019). However, literature regarding reproductive health support and fertility-friendly policies, to help those who are infertile and struggling to conceive whilst being employees is scarce. Legislated support specific to combining work and fertility treatment is necessary to reduce psychological distress (Seenan & Akker, 2018). No study was found by the authors about this issue in the Portuguese population.

 Study I explores if Portuguese workers receive fertility benefits from and feel supported by their employers, using an online 29-item questionnaire. The data collection started on 20th March 2022 and ended on 4th Sep 2022. Study II explores how employers support their Portuguese employees' fertility plans. Both studies followed a cross-sectional design, using an online 12-item questionnaire. The data collection started on 1st April 2022 and ended on 18th May 2022.

 Study I has a sample of 107 Portuguese workers. The majority are above 35 years of age and have been trying to conceive for more than 24 months. Study II has a sample of 24 employers, including leaders, admin, and HR staff. The majority are working for a large company in a leadership position. Both questionnaires had multiple options, Likert-scale, and open-ended items. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics, Version 28.0.

 Study I: All participants reported their company does not have fertility-friendly policies, 72.9% reported difficulties reconciling trying to conceive with work life, 56.1% perceived their attempts interfere with career progression, and 55.1% decided not to inform their superiors about their journey. People who are not offered benefits by their employer experience significantly higher anxiety, disclose less information to their superiors and consider quitting their job more frequently than those who are offered benefits by their company. However, they also experience significantly lower concern/worry, which may be due to increased awareness of fertility issues, pressure not to fail, unwanted interactions, and/or being treated differently.
 Study II: 87.5% stated their company does not have fertility-related policies, 66.7% that theirs does not offer fertility-related support and 20.8% did not know whether theirs does. Leaders of medium/small companies report their companies to be significantly more flexible regarding schedules for consultations/exams and taking time off for mourning, and they also thought providing financial help for fertility preservation and fertility treatment to be more useful than leaders of large companies do. Respondents attribute moderate to high importance to the existence of fertility-related policies, but the data shows a lack of agreement regarding which benefits to offer.

 Small sample sizes condition the extrapolation of the findings. Replications of the studies representative of different geographic areas and company types are required. Also, the association between organizational and individual benefits as outcomes of the implementation of fertility-friendly policies and initiatives in the Portuguese population is yet to be studied.

 This is the first study that has tackled the issue of fertility-friendly policies and support initiatives in the workplace in the Portuguese context. We gathered data from both employers and employees, which allows the findings of the studies to provide a comprehensive view of the reality of this population.

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Dating manuscripts is a difficult task – particularly when these are not expressly datemarked, but even when they are. Factors such as the existence of successive copies that continue and repeat established models and production methods make dating a challenging task. The present work forms part of a much broader, comprehensive, investigation on the material composition of dated and bound manuscripts from the School of arabic Studies– CSIC of Granada. By means of a study protocol, errors in the dating of manuscripts ms6, ms10, ms26 and ms29 are successfully detected and corrected, and alternative dating proposed.


This study empirically investigates the long run equilibrium relationship and the direction of causality between economic growth (real GDP growth), domestic savings (DS) and foreign direct investment (FDI) in Kazakhstan of which the world society's interest has recently increased as it becomes more integrated into the world economy. Co-integration results suggest a long-run equilibrium relationship between each pair of the above variables except between DS and FDI. Granger causality test results suggest unidirectional causations running from both DS and FDI to real GDP growth. Lastly, although DS and FDI are not co-integrated, causality results suggest bidirectional causality between them.


The present invention provides a mask frame assembly for thin film deposition, the mask frame assembly comprising: a frame; a mask, including a deposition pattern and fixed to the frame; wherein the air tunnels are formed in the connecting portion of the frame and the mask in. Thus, during the execution of the cleaning and drying processes in the gap between the frame and the mask may facilitate evaporation of the washing liquid, in order to re-use as soon as the mask frame assembly. Thus, the cleaning liquid can reduce the amount of residual, thereby shortening the time required to prepare a mask frame assembly using a subsequent process.


step in the construction of a contemporary literary theory because it only gives credence to those theorists who started contemporary trends without extending its examination into the present atmosphere of literary studies. In short, this book is off to a great start towards bridging the gap between contemporary literary theory and Christian theology, but much remains to be done before the river can be crossed.


When informally singing memorized instrumental or vocal themes, we tend to invent nonsense texts, e.g., duda duda dudaa or ... dibidi bambi dudi. It can be hypothesized that the choice of syllables in such nonsense texts is not completely random. Rather, certain principles reflecting aspects of musical structure are likely to guide this choice. A group of eleven members of a professional orchestra sang six melodical excerpts and their choice of syllables was analyzed. With regard to the phonetic properties the choice showed coherence in certain musical situations. For 65example, a change of syllable was frequently made at structural boundaries while repetition of syllable was often used for all notes constituting a short motif. Later, one of the same musicians used typical signs, such as dots, dashes, slurs, etc., to mark how these same excerpts should be performed according to his view. This material suggested that the meaning of, e.g., a nasal consonant plus a lp1 was an accent, whereas a voiced stop consonant, such as [dl plus vowel, frequently corresponded to a legato. We also compared these performance suggestions with those predicted by our system of performance rules.


The vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectra of the N-t-BOC and N-CBZ-derivatives of alanine, proline, phenylalanine and valine in 0.2M CHC13 solutions all exhibit a characteristic, strong bisignate couplet in the carbonyl stretching region. The VCD couplet is interpreted in terms of the coupled oscillation of the urethane and acid carbonyl groups in an intramolecularly hydrogen-bonded structure.


T-DNA embryonic lethal mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana were
analysed at the cellular and molecular levels. The work was
aimed at initial comparison of wild-type and mutant embryo
development inside ovules.PCR technology was applied for
determination of the T-DNA presence in the heterozygotes for
the embryonic mutation. DNA markers were used for mutant genes
localisation on the genetic mapping.


The Mueller matrix approach is used to investigate the artifacts resulting from the coupling of anisotropic samples and imperfect hardwares of commercially available CD spectropolarimeters. On the basis of the results obtained, attention is called to the instrumental limitation of CD spectropolarimeters in the study of CD phenomena of systems with macroscopic anisotropy. Furthermore, strong doubts are presented about what is called an induced CD spectrum observed in an achiral anisotropic medium.


From the links of course system, practical teaching and teaching methods in vocational schooland vocational college, this paper discusses the problem of optimized teaching link in garment specialty be-tween vocational school and vocational college and puts forward some suggestion by combining specificproblems in the teaching of garment specialty in vocational school and vocational college.


Abstract The aim of this systematic literature review is to map the longitudinal research in the field of Internet Use (IU) and Problematic Internet Use (PIU) in adolescents and emergent adults. Further, this study endeavours to examine the terminology and instruments utilized in longitudinal IU and PIU research and investigate whether statistically significant results have arisen from the areas of research focus. In a total of 29 studies, trends in the research of adolescent/emergent adult IU and PIU were discovered. These trends were conceptualized into individual, contextual and activity-related factors. Findings suggested that individual factors are the most researched and have demonstrated significant relationships with adolescent/young adult PIU. However, more research on contextual and activity-related factors is needed in order to achieve a clearer understanding of young people's IU and PIU behaviours, and to incorporate into a comprehensive model that will guide future research in this growing field.


Methods of building data warehouses for geographic information systems are considered. The semantic warehouse architecture data that provides distributed information processing capabilities is proposed.


: In recent years, deep neural network has continuously renewed its best performance in tasks such as computer vision and natural language processing, and has become the most concerned research direction. Although the performance of deep network model is remarkable, it is still difficult to deploy to the embedded or mobile devices with a limited hardware due to the large number of parameters, high storage and computing costs. It has been found by relevant studies that the depth model based on convolutional neural network has parameter redundancy, and there are parameters that are useless to the final result in the model, which provides theoretical support for the pruning of depth network model. Therefore, how to reduce the model size under the condition of ensuring the model accuracy has become a hot issue. This paper classifies and summarizes the achievements of domestic and foreign scholars in model pruning in recent years, selects several new pruning algorithm methods in different directions, analyzes their functionality through experiments and discusses the current problems of different models and the development direction of pruning model optimization in the future.


Abstract : A hibernation induction trigger (HIT) molecule derived from the plasma of deeply hibernating woodchucks exerts profound effects mimicking a hibernation-like state when infused I.C.V. or I.V. in primates. The profound opiate-like behavioral and physiological depression occurring shortly after the infusion of the HIT-containing albumin fraction include hypothermia, bradycardia, long-term hypophagia and markedly depressed renal function. All of the aforementioned effects are reversed or retarded by the infusion of the opiate antagonists, naloxone and naltrexone. Such evidence enforces our hypothesis that the HIT molecule is not specific for hibernators, but that it may initiate its action through specific opioid receptor(s). We have shown that only DADLE, a delta class of opiate, could induce hibernation in summer-active ground squirrels (the traditional bioassay) in a fashion similar to those injected with HIT. Such evidence indicates that this delta opioid mimics the action of the HIT molecule and may be intimately involved in natural winter and summer-induced hibernation. Recently, we have developed a rapid in vitro bioassay utilizing the criteria of DNA and protein synthesis inhibition to monitor the metabolic inhibitory activity of hibernating plasma, and plasma fractions as well as the metabolic effects of the delta opioids DADLE and D-Pen 2.5-Enkephalin (DPDPE). Hibernation induction, Trigger(HIT), Woodchucks, Delta opioids(D-Ala -Leu--Enkephalin & D-Pen 2,5-Enkephalin--DPDPE), Multiorgan Autoperfusion System, Metabolic Inhibition(3H-Thymidine uptake, 14C-Leucine uptake).


This paper describes a method for teaching marketing ethics which contrasts competing, controversial perspectives to create a classroom dialectic. This method encourages classroom debate, independent reflection, and an atmosphere of inquiry which is often discounted by other approaches to this subject. Materials which are useful in this process are then described.


Objective To study the expression of LZM in Paneth cells of small intestine crypt during severe abdominal infection.Methods Fourty healthy adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group (celiotomy ones only) and group of 12, 24, 48 hours post-operation of abdominal infection respectively. (This group was treated by Cecal ligation plus puncture (CLP) to establish the severe abdominal infection models). Each group contained 10 rats. After the rats were sacrificed, 2 cm of the ileum tissue 10 cm from ileocecal junction was sampled. Paneth cells were examined by immunohistochemistry. with LZM staining and the number of positive cells were invertigated.Results The expression of LZM in Paneth was stronger in severe abdominal infection than that of normal crypt of small intestine. Conclusion The expression of LZM is induced by severe abdominal infection. It suggested that LZM might reflect the proliferative state of intestinal stem cells during severe abdominal infection, and play an important role in damage and repair of enteric mucosa.


Polyploid plants are generally considered to have a high stress resistance. In this study, two full sibling allotriploid populations (FDR and SDR) with different 2n female gamete sources and one diploid population (2N) obtained from the same Populus cathayana parents were investigated. We compared the growth morphology, photosynthetic parameters, peroxidase activity and proline contents after salt stress. The results showed that the salt tolerance of the triploid poplar population was higher than that of the diploid population. And there were some differences between the genotypes of the triploid and diploid populations under salt stress. The genotypes with the higher salt tolerance in the triploid populations were much more tolerant than those with the higher salt tolerance in the diploid populations. There was no significant difference in salt tolerance between the FDR and SDR triploids.


We consider the causes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, the stages of its development with concomitant diseases, methods for its diagnosis and treatment. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a total chronic disease of the human respiratory system. The process of formation of pathological changes in the lungs is primarily associated with the impact of harmful chemicals – tobacco and smoke on the epithelium of the respiratory tract. The increase in life expectancy in recent decades allows most people to reach the age of high probability of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and related pathologies. According to various sources, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is in third or fourth place among the causes of death. The purpose of this review is to systematize practical methods for diagnosing and treating patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on an outpatient basis. Materials and methods. The research methods involve the systematization of materials describing the identified problem, the collection and classification of medical facts about it, the assessment of existing scientific and practical approaches to solving the problem under consideration. Results. The prognosis for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in terms of complete recovery and increased life expectancy is generally unfavorable. Therefore, it is important to take into account all the possibilities to eliminate any factors provoking deterioration of the condition, the patient's readiness for treatment, as well as the social and economic conditions of his residence. Conclusion. Treatment for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is determined by the severity of the obstruction, symptoms, and the risk of exacerbation with escalation of therapy to control persistent symptoms or further exacerbations. The severity of an exacerbation varies according to the site of treatment: moderate exacerbations are treated on an outpatient basis with oral corticosteroids, antibiotics, or both, and severe exacerbations require hospitalization or emergency care.


In an effort to meet the changing landscape of education many departments and universities are offering more online courses – a move that is likely to impact every department in some way (Rover et al., 2013). This will require more instructors create online courses, and we describe here how agents and dynamic Bayesian networks can be used to inform this process. Other innovations in instructional strategies are also widely impacting educators (Cutler et al., 2012) including peer instruction, flipped classrooms, problem-based learning, just-in-time teaching, and a variety of active learning strategies. Implementing any of these strategies requires changes to existing courses. We propose ENABLE, a graph-based methodology, to transform a standard linear in-class delivery approach to an on-line, active course delivery system (DuHadway and Henderson, 2015). The overall objectives are: (1) to create a set of methods to analyze the content and structure of existing learning materials that have been used in a synchronous, linearly structured course and provide insight into

the nature and relations of the course material and provide alternative ways to organize them, (2) to provide a Bayesian framework to assist in the discovery of causal relations between course learning items and student performance, and (3) to develop some simple artificial student agents and corresponding behavior models to probe the methods' efficacy and accuracy. In this paper, we focus on our efforts on the third point.


With e-Commerce activities burgeoning over the last decades, consumers have seemingly been switching their purchases from the physical marketplace to the Internet marketspace. However, it remains skeptical as to why the consumers are able to make purchase decisions in lack of personally experiencing the products. This study, on the basis of the Engel-Kollat-Blackwell Consumer Purchase Behavior Model (the EKB Model), attempted to explore the effects of the information search behavior in the context of the digital age on consumer decision making when buying apparel via the Internet. The sample consists of 344 with experience of buying apparel products via the Internet, and they were recruited from one of the most popular local online forums, in answer to the questionnaire by recall method. The study found that the information search behavior is related to the decision making, particularly in terms of fame information, visual information, comparison information, e-word-of-mouth information, and promotional information. Moreover, the results proved that personality traits, to some extent, affected the information search and decision making, except for the effects of the performance risk and the personal risk on the decision making.