Biliary lithiasis is one of the most common problems affecting the digestive system; cholecystectomy is the main treatment for cholecystitis; According to the who indicates the cholecystectomy occurs in 20% women and 10% in men. In Latin America statistics are 5 and 15%. While in our country it is 1.17%. The risk factors that may cause iatrogenic injury when performing a laparoscopic cholecystectomy are surgical instruments, age over 65 years, previous abdominal surgery, obesity, diabetes mellitus, other conditions such as biliary or hepatic anatomical alterations, the objective Principal is to describe the Application of the Nursing Care Process in patients with complications during the postoperative period of cholecystectomy. Nursing intervention allows through research, logical analysis and analytical reasoning, to develop and apply technical, interpersonal relationship and communication care that starts from assessment, nursing diagnosis, planning, execution and evaluation. This allows an intervention of form Based on scientific knowledge. The method used in this research was bibliographic analysis and information search through high impact scientific articles. The nursing care process is the method that focuses on this investigative work, since it allows the granting of autonomous care, achieved a transcendence of actions, and current interventions that the nurse projects to the world In their scientific knowledge.


The problem of legal protection of scientific research results is of growing interest nowadays. However, none of the three hitherto existing rights (the right for trade secrets, patent and copyright) is able to fully take into account the characteristics of scientific activities. In Russia, the problem of legal protection of scientific research results has been developed actively since the 50-ies of the last century, in connection with the introduction of the system of state registration of scientific discoveries. A further concept allowed for not only the registration of discoveries, but also the entire array of scientific results. However, theoretical applicability of exclusive rights institutions in the sphere of science remained unstudied. The article describes a new system, which is not fixed in legislation and remains unnoticed by the vast majority of researchers. That is the institution of scientific and positional rights, focused on the recognition procedure of authorship, priority, and other characteristics of intellectual scientific results value. In case of complex intellectual results, comprising scientific results, the recognition of result-oriented exclusive rights proves to be unsustainable. This circumstance urges us to foreground the institution of scientific and positional exclusive rights. Its scope is budget science where non-fee published scientific results are generated. Any exclusive right to use open scientific results is out of the question. The sphere of open (budget) science is dominated by scientific and positional exclusive rights, sanctioned both by the state (S-sanctioned), the bodies of the scientific community (BSC-sanctioned) and scientific community (SC-sanctioned) rights.


The activities and the various food substances that are conducive to the Srotas (channels of the body) and mind are regarded as Pathya and those that are not conducive are regarded as Apathya. Pathya is also considered as synonymous to Chikitsa (treatment) according to Acharya Charaka. Other synonyms of Pathya are Satmya (habit) ,Swastha hitakara (Good for Health), Upshaya (palliative), Swavastha Paripaalaka (Maintains Health), Hita Ahara (Wholesome food), Swasthaaurjaskara (Promote health status) , Sharmakara (establish Health), Dhatu Avirodhi (Not against body tissue) and Dhatu Saamyakara (Establish normalcy of body tissue). Pathya word is indicative for both food and activity.
Dadhi (Curd) is considered as both Pathya and Apathya. Dadhi belongs to Amla Skanda (group of sour drugs) and it is one among the Vicitra Pratyarabdha Dravya (substances which does not act as per Rasa Panchaka); as these Dravyas are having the capability of producing both positive and negative impact on health.
Dadhi is Pathya in conditions like anorexia, intermittent fever, diarrhea, emaciation, rhinitis, Dry cough, Irritable bowel syndrome and hemorrhoids. Dadhi is indicated in intermittent fever, where pathogenesis occurs due to-Vata, Kapha as alone or Vatakapha. Dadhi is Apathya in Kustha, Visarpa, Prameha etc. In this paper an attempt is made to understand the concept of Pathya and Apathy by considering diet as curd.
Keywords: Dadhi, Curd, Ayurveda, Pathya, Apathya.


PURPOSE: The objective of these studies was to determine if leaf-mining flies in the genus Hydrellia (H. pakistanae Deonier and H. balciunasi Bock) introduced as biological control agents would impact the fluridone-resistant biotype of Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle (hydrilla). This was accomplished using a combination of small-scale container bioassays and by examining establishment and impact at field locations.


In this paper, I have studied the correct understanding of hypnosis as an interventional means of treatment and healing, and on the other hand, the connection between Erickson's hypnosis and humanistic psychology in the aspect of realization of human potential. Erickson, by using the principle of hypnosis, conducted a holistic approach where the client is an existence who is interconnected with the body, community, and environment in the context of the conscious and unconscious. And Erickson utilized a transformative process, so-called, "Trance" in the process of self-expansion to find resources in the unconscious. Erickson saw the unconsciousness as a repository of human potential and creativity not a storeroom of the diseases. Erickson has a human-centered view where the problematic behavior is also each individual's best option. Modern hypnosis is the human-centered approach acceptable to the people who have previously criticized hypnosis. In addition, hypnosis can be the important tool available to realize human potential in the point that it can help integrate the human body, mind, and soul.


Many readers will remember some of Bason's contributions to the Saturday Book. I just looked up my correspondence file and found several long, rambly, but still interesting letters in which Bason offered to sell me all manner of books, alas, none medical. I wound up by getting a set of his diaries. Fred Bason is a strange phenomenon, a Cockney diarist who has made a number of contributions to the Saturday Book, and has published 4 separate books of selections from his diaries. He tells in a fresh and spritely style, hewing fairly close to the Cockney vernacular, at least I guess so, of his interesting existence as an itinerant seller of secondhand books who wandered far and wide throughout his native London buying books as bargains and selling them for a small profit. He had 2 passions. One was to collect autographs. The other was to eke out enough


Waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) is a growing public health concern. This exploratory study sought to assess the WTS knowledge and attitudes of healthcare professionals by distributing an anonymous, 12-item, cross-sectional survey to GPs in two areas; Brent: a socially-deprived, ethnically-diverse area of outer London known for its high prevalence of WTS1 (response rate 49 out of 251 [19.5%]), and Lancashire: an area of the north west of England not typically known for its WTS popularity …


PURPOSE
Fever of unknown origin (FUO) has multiple causes. Scrub typhus is less known cause of FUO in India. The present study reports a recent epidemic of scrub typhus amongst cases of FUO from different areas of Rajasthan, India. There was high mortality in undiagnosed cases of FUO which lead to the diagnosis of scrub typhus.

OBJECTIVE
To study the possibility of scrub typhus as a causative factor in FUO cases by qualitative detection of IgM antibodies with ELISA.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
From September 2012 to December 2012, 271 serum samples of FUO cases were analysed for IgM antibodies to Orientia tsutsugamushi along with dengue, malaria, typhoid, tuberculosis and brucellosis.

RESULTS
Scrub typhus IgM antibodies by ELISA were detected in 133 (49.1%) patients. Scrub typhus positivity was significantly higher among female in comparison to males (P<0.05). Maximum positivity of scrub typhus was found in females of 46-60 years age group. The laboratory parameters were abnormal in most of the patients as evident by thrombocytopenia (63%), deranged liver functions (56%) and renal functions (25%).

CONCLUSION
The present study emphasises the importance of scrub typhus among cases of FUO especially after rainy season and during early cooler months. The study also highlights the significance of ELISA method for rapid and early reporting and ruling out scrub typhus in FUO cases.


The Association of Avian Veterinarians (AAV) is an international professional organization dedicated to advancing and promoting avian medicine and stewardship. Since it was established in 1980, the AAV has evolved various strategies to disseminate information to its members. As we built upon the accomplishments of the AAV Newsletter (1980– 1986; Linda Harrison, Editor), AAV Today (1987– 1988; Linda Harrison, Editor), and the Journal of the Association of the Avian Veterinarians (1989– 1994; Linda Harrison, Editor), 1995 was another milestone in our association's evolution. March 1995 (volume 9, issue 1) marked the first issue of our journal under its new (and still current!) name—the Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery (Fig 1). How did the Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery come into being? In June 1994, the AAV Executive Director, Adina Freedman, approved a meeting of the Editorial Committee's Ad Hoc Subcommittee on Style. It was held at the Animal Medical Center, New York City, New York, USA. Members present included Dr Karen Rosenthal (Chairperson), Dr James W Carpenter, Dr Kathy Quesenberry, Kathy Lyon (AAV Publications Office), and Christine MacMurray. After several months of discussions and evaluating various strategies, a new journal was formulated and approved by the AAV. Drs Carpenter and Quesenberry were appointed as Editor-In-Chief and Scientific Editor, respectively. Shortly thereafter, an Editorial Board was appointed, 4 Associate Editors (Drs Thomas Tully Jr, Barbara Oglesbee, Edward Ramsay, and J.T. Lumeij) were selected to assist in the journal functions, and a list of potential reviewers was created. The Editorial Committee, with concurrence from the AAV Board of Directors, believed that the new name, the Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery (JAMS or the journal), more adequately reflected the scope of the journal's content and more clearly delineated its mission. Our goal was to have JAMS continue to progress in quality and distribution and to become an internationally accepted and recognized publication. By improving the format and enhancing the scientific quality, we hoped to attract some of the manuscripts being published in a variety of other journals. We were optimistic that, by implementing the strategies that we had developed, the scientific community would consider JAMS their ''first-choice'' veterinary medical journal for their scientific contributions. With its new appearance and format, with quality publishing provided by Allen Press, and with a more appropriate and inclusive name, the journal was successful in attracting a wider audience and enhancing its international appeal. A more robust peer-review system was established in 1994 as part of the changes incorporated into the new JAMS publication process. All manuscripts accepted for publication had to be of high quality and pass the scrutiny of peer review. This process was performed by the Scientific Editor and a cadre of Reviewers, selected for their expertise in a topic or discipline. This process further enriched the content and improved the quality of the manuscripts. Later, Associate Editors were included in the peer-review process to add further organization and expertise. In addition, format and style changes were instituted in our first issue (JAMS 9:1). Prospective authors were referred to the new ''Instructions for Authors'' when submitting manuscripts. Avian medicine is an exciting and challenging field, with a vast array of research needs and unanswered questions. Therefore, anyone working From the Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, 1700 Denison Ave, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.


In this paper, we consider the dependence between active distances for convolutional code and the distribution of bursts at the output after Viterbi decoding. We suggest an estimate of the probability of bursts of a certain length based on the active row distances of the code and present a formula for our estimation.We take into consideration two recursive systematic convolutional codes with the same free distance, same memory, but with different active distances. Simulation results show that active distances affect the distribution of error bursts.


(2003). Of lostness and belonging interview with John Conyngham. Current Writing: Text and Reception in Southern Africa: Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 74-90.


Background: Antibiotic use was common in patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection; however, data emerged demonstrating low rates of bacterial coinfection (6%–10%). Antimicrobial stewardship best practice was challenged during this time, requiring new strategies and education to limit the inappropriate use of antibiotics. At the Veterans' Affairs Maryland Healthcare System, we evaluated the use of community acquired pneumonia (CAP) specific antibiotics in COVID-19–positive patients after successive interventions. Methods: We conducted a pre–post evaluation of common CAP antibiotics (ceftriaxone IV/IM, cefpodoxime PO, azithromycin PO/IV, ampicillin/sulbactam IV, amoxicillin-clavulanate PO, levofloxacin) during the COVID-19 pandemic. The preintervention period was April–October 2020 and the postintervention period was November 2020–April 2021. During the preintervention period, intervention A was carried out as follows: (1) inpatient weekly virtual interdisciplinary COVID-19 rounds were led by an antimicrobial stewardship champion, (2) χprocalcitonin was implemented in clinical decision making, and (3) inpatient audit and feedback of active antibiotics was conducted by the antimicrobial stewardship team. In the postintervention period, intervention B was added as follows: (1) weekly educational COVID-19 virtual seminars were conducted for providers, and (2) targeted education was provided to emergency department and hospitalist directors. Comparisons of the proportions of antibiotics prescribed were made between the pre- and postintervention periods using X2 statistic, and data were stratified by location. The rates of CAP antibiotic prescription per 100 COVID-19–positive patients were also compared using Poisson distribution. Results: During the study period, 814 unique patients had COVID-19 infection: 182 (22.4%) patients admitted to the acute-care center, 66 (8.1%) long-term care residents, and 566 (69.5%) were managed outside the hospital. Of these 814 patients, 211 (25%) were prescribed a CAP antibiotic. Of the antibiotics prescribed, 223 (61%) were ceftriaxone, cefpodoxime, amoxicillin-clavulanate, or ampicillin-sulbactam; 123 (34%) were azithromycin; and 16 (4.4%) were levofloxacin. We observed a decrease in the frequency of all antibiotic prescriptions after intervention B was added: 32% (86 of 273) vs 23% (125 of 541) (P = .01). Decreases in antibiotic prescriptions were observed in all locations: acute care (57% vs 44%), long-term care (53% vs 41%) and outpatient care (19% vs 15%). The rates of CAP antibiotic prescribing per 100 COVID-19–positive patients were 114 in the preintervention period and 45 in the postintervention period, a rate difference of −70 antibiotics per 100 COVID-19–positive patients (p Conclusions: Curbing antibiotic use for CAP indication during the COVID-19 pandemic was a challenge. A multifaceted approach focusing on education was an impactful intervention leading to significant decreases in antibiotic prescribing despite COVID-19 cases increasing. Funding: None Disclosures: None


In "What are Atheists For?", Johnson provides the valuable service of outlining evolutionary hypotheses concerning atheism. With his evolutionary expertise, Johnson is well suited to the task, whic...


A potential field method in the real-time approach toward avoidance of obstacles for a mobile robot has been developed. A collision-free path and goal-seeking behaviour are calculated using an artificial potential field method. The proposed reactive navigation approach is based on the coordination of elementary responses. To avoid convex obstacles, the navigator generates a ''reaching the middle of the collision-free space'' and goal-seeking behaviours. A control strategy based on artificial potential fields that generates a trajectory to be followed by a mobile robot that represents a reference for the robot at the same time is proposed. The effectiveness of the proposed method is numerically verified by a series of experiments on the emulator of the wheeled mobile robot Pioneer-2DX.


In view of "after 90" university students' psychological,physiological and special background,a comprehensive analysis has been drawn on the phenomenon and existing problem of the "after 90" university students' sports behavior.This research is carried out by the method of literature,questionnaire,and mathematical statistics.The results shows that: The main motives of "after 90" university students to join in physical exercises are recreation and enhancing physical fitness;students favorite sports items appears great contrast to the projects they often involve;the frequency of participating in sports is low,and students lack of organization and planning for sports;students' sports consumption is in type of materialization and participation.Finally we puts forward some suggestions to the problems from the cultivation of sports consciousness,fully use of resources and expanding sources of funds.


A simple an d sensitive HPTLC method has been developed for the quantitative estimation of Sorafenib Tosylate in bulk and Pharmaceutical dosage form . Sorafenib Tosylate was chromatographed on silica Gel 60 F 254 TLC plate using n - Hexane : isopropanol ( 8 : 2 v/v) as mobi le phase. Sorafenib Tosylate s howed Rf value 0. 34 ±0.0 5 and scanned at 254 nm using Camag TLC Scanner 3. The method was va lidated in terms of linearity (1 00 – 5 00 ng/spot), precision (intra day % RSD variation 0. 07 to 0 . 39 %, inter - day % RSD variation 0. 5 to 1 . 2 %), accuracy (98. 88 to 10 0 . 81 5%) specificity , ruggedness, sensitivity and reproducibility . The limit o f detection and limit of quantit ation for Sorafenib Tosylate were found to be 1.57 ng/spot and 4.75 ng/spot, respectively. The developed method was succ essfully used for the assay of Sorafenib Tosylate in bulk and Pharmaceutical dosage form. . it can be used for the routine quality control testing of marketed formulations.


In the process of solar sea salt production,the evaporation rate of brine can be greatly influenced by the brine concentration and the brine depth,and then the output of solar sea salt can.In this work,the influence of the brine depth with different Na/Mg on the brine evaporation rate and brine production rate has been studied.It shows that the brine formation rate will increase with increasing the brine depth when the Na/Mg of brine is 2.48,and the evaporation rate are 2 mm/d,5mm/d and 8 mm/d.However,for the brine with Na/Mg=4.49,the appropriate depths of brine are 13 cm and 7 cm when the average evaporation rate were 5 mm/d(8 mm/d) and 2 mm/d,respectively.


We demonstrate the possibility of confining light in a submicron silica core by introducing a Bragg multilayer cladding. 1 μm-core Bragg tapers with mode field diameters about 1.1 μm for 850 nm wavelength are successfully fabricated by a sputtering technique combining with tapering method using a traveling burner. Simulation of the mode intensity profiles for both our devices and air cladding silica fibers are made by a beam propagation method. Bragg fiber tapers show stronger confinement than silica glass tapers. The ultra-small core Bragg taper device will be a good candidate as the mode coupler for nano-optical devices.


This chapter provides an overview of the academic literature involving bond mutual funds, closed-end bond funds (CEFs), and exchange-traded funds (ETFs). Since the turn of the century, the net assets under management (AUM) of investment firms have increased steadily. The composition of the net AUM has also changed in favor of ETFs. As more money flows to bond funds, bond CEFs, and ETFs, the issue for investment firms continues to be how to provide risk-adjusted returns to investors while minimizing expenses. The existing literature tends to report mixed evidence on the performance of bond mutual funds, bond CEFs, and ETFs. Most studies comparing performance against their benchmark index report widespread underperformance. However, actively managed global bond funds tend to provide higher risk-adjusted returns.


Mastoiditis is a condition that can occur two weeks after the onset of acute suppurative otitis media. With the assistance of her daughter, an 86-year-old female patient presented to the family medicine outpatient clinic with complaints of urinary incontinence and fatigue. Although the prevalence of otitis media in the elderly population varies by country, it is generally low, ranging between 0.25 and 9%. Older patients have otalgia with or without hearing loss or symptoms. Infection can cause mastoiditis, petrositis, and labyrinthitis through adjacent structures. The aim of this case report is to emphasize the importance of the subject by evaluating the elderly patient with mastoiditis in our clinic.


The discovery of novel safe and effective medicines for the treatment of many CNS disorders remains uniquely challenging due to their slowly progressive yet ill-defined pathophysiology, the subjective nature of the clinical assessment of signs and symptoms of disease and the relative inaccessibility of the brain to biological investigation. Clinical trials consequently require the study of large numbers of subjects, but still fail frequently because of the lack of objective markers for drug target engagement and functional pharmacodynamics that can be used to guide clinical dose and patient selection, to increase the likelihood of detecting robust efficacy signals. Recent advances in brain imaging provide opportunities to develop biomarkers for diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) that provide objective evaluations of disease state and drug effects. This review provides an overview of the potential for neuroimaging to provide readouts of brain function, structure and chemistry that could be used as biomarkers to facilitate decision making during the development of therapies for CNS disease, or that can be used clinically to guide diagnosis and treatment. The scientific validation, clinical qualification and regulatory acceptance of imaging biomarkers for CNS disease will help speed up the identification, development and registration of new therapeutics targeted to patients most likely to benefit from them.


Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) are wireless networks formed by several nodes communicating on a peer-to-peer basis without being connected to any fixed infrastructure. These nodes could be laptop computers, personal digital assistants, mobile phones or sensors dispersed in an area to measure certain data and send the information to a larger node. Where a source node and a destination node are not within direct range, they communicate through multi-hop routing, i.e. nodes in between them relay messages between source and destination. The routing protocol plays a key role in finding and maintaining the route in MANETs. Routing protocol can be a uni-path and multi-path. A multipath routing protocol is designed to increase the reliability in MANET. This research work focuses on Quality of Service (QoS) based evolution of multipath routing protocol. For this purpose, diverse type of simulation scenarios is designed to find the impact of mobility, increasing the number of nodes and pause time in MANETs. The results revealed that multipath routing protocol has comparatively less delay (percentage decrease of 81.52%). While unipath routing protocols have less packet drop ratio (percentage decrease of 47.78%) and routing overhead (percentage decrease of 99.30%).


The security evaluation for an information network system is an important management tool to insure its normal operation. We must realize the significance of the comprehensive network security risks. A network evaluation model and the algorithm are presented and adapt the hierarchical method to characterize the security risk situation. The evaluation method is used to evaluate the key nodes and the mathematics is used to analyze the whole network security situation. Compared with others, the method can automatically create a rule-based security evaluation model to evaluate the security threat from the individual security elements and the combination of security elements, and then evaluation the network situation. It is shown that this system provides a valuable model and algorithms to help to find the security rules, adjust the security measure, improve the security performance and design the appropriate security risk evaluation and management tools.


Recently, as the demand for electricity increases, the share of renewable energy is also increasing. However, renewable energy has unpredictable intermittency in power generation. This problem can be solved by the application of Energy Storage System (ESS). ESS can store not only existing base load energy, but also renewable energy. There are many types of ESS and Thermal Energy Storage (TES), Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES), Liquid Air Energy Storage (LAES) etc. are mainly used for large scale ESS. CAES is popular due to its high RTE and technical feasibility, and currently commercialized CAES has 42-54% of RTE and 2-6Wh/L of power density [1]. However, it has geographic limitation of air storage, because it is possible only in a large underground cavern reservoir [2]. To overcome this limitation, the concept of compressed CO2 energy storage (CCES) was proposed that uses carbon dioxide as a working fluid, which has higher density than air, and stores in a pressure tank [3].


CV. Siantar Simalungun Sukses is a form of business that sells various kinds of milk to meet the needs of the community, especially for the people of Pematangsiantar. But CV. Siantar Simalungun Sukses is not the only form of business in Pematangsiantar city, but there are still many supermarkets operating in the same field, so that this will lead to business competition between existing forms of business. To face the business competition, there are many ways that can be done by CV. Siantar Simalungun Success to maintain the quality of the milk products sold, including by analyzing the quality of these products, and price competitiveness.


Selective enzymatic hydrolysis of racemic esters is an attractive method for the resolution of 2-aryl- and 2-aryloxy-propionates. The non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs, naproxen, ibuprofen, flurbiprofen and the herbicides, fluazifop and diclofop, can be obtained in high optical purity with the aid of carboxylesterase NP. This enzyme was brought to high production levels by cloning it into Bacillus subtilis 1-85. The unfavourable influence of a non-specific lipase, present in the wild type rain, was also completely eliminated by cloning. The ability of the esterase under application conditions was greatly improved by chemical modification, the be results being obtained with formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde and glyoxal.


In the current investigation a novel nano hybrid adsorbent MCM-41/N-(3-trimethoxysilyl)-propyl)diethylenetriamine (MCM-41/TMSPDETA) was prepared and was characterized using DLS (Dynamic Light Scattering), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analytical techniques and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The synthesized MCM-41/TMSPDETA adsorbent possessed high surface area (867 m2g−1), narrow pore size distribution (3.6 nm) and pore volume (0.782 cm3g−1). The nano hybrid adsorbent was applied in batch experiments under different controlling factors by varing pH, contact time and solution temperature of Lead (Pb(II)) and Nickel (Ni(II)) ions. Optimum conditions obtained were 20°C, pH=6 and contact time of 120 min. The maximum capacity of the nano-sorbent was obtained to be 58.823 and 20.921 mg g−1 for Pb (II) and Ni (II) ions for an initial concentration range 10-70 mgL-1. Pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order and intraparticle diffusion models were used to analyze the kinetic data. Results showed that the pseudo-second order model can well describe the adsorption kinetic data.


Little could Christopher Columbus realize upon reaching America's shores in 1492 that he was about to set in motion processes of encounter and ex change that would dramatically alter life in both the New and Old Worlds. Indeed, who could have foretold that, as a conse quence of the tiny flotilla's voyage, Afri cans would one day become the dominant ethnic group in the Caribbean, that New World foods such as potatoes and corn would become major crops in Asia, or that tomatoes would transform cuisine in Europe? Nonetheless, Columbus began a process of change that even tually altered the world's flora and fauna, reordered the ethnic compo sition of entire countries, and changed the diet and health of peoples every where. This fascinating story is the subject of "Seeds of Change," the quincentenary exhibition of the Na tional Museum of Natural History at the Smithsonian Institution. Sched uled to open in Washington 12 Octo ber 1991 (and to travel broadly thereaf ter), the exhibition will demonstrate that the New World underwent rapid and pro found transformations because of certain "seeds of change" that the Europeans introduced, sometimes deliberately, some times accidentally. Columbus and those who followed


Abstract : Federal agencies covered by the Civil Service Reform Act of 1978 are required to have performance appraisal systems that are to be used as a basis for personnel actions such as training, rewarding, promoting, and removing employees. As such it is essential that the performance appraisal systems be viewed as effective by both supervisors and subordinates. In order to identify the features of performance appraisal systems that are particularly effective and which also meet the legal requirements for these federal agencies, a review of the performance appraisal literature was conducted and federal-sector subject-matter experts were interviewed. The recommendations derived from the literature review and interviews were organized around the following nine themes: legal requirements, user perspective, the role of top management, appraisal as a management tool, linkage to organizational goals, adaptation to organizational needs, system perpetuation, training, and ease of use. Keywords: Officer Evaluation Report


The objective of this paper is to examine how effective the Nigerian economy we be integrated into the global economic competitiveness. Some literatures on the subject matter were reviewed while secondary sources were employed to analyze the issues therein. .The paper reveals that Nigeria has large domestic market, which could serve as a springboard for entering export markets, these and many other national assets could pave the way for seizing the many development opportunities that come with cross-border cooperation and the globalization of industry, trade, and investment. Interestingly, the paper examine some determinant of global competitiveness which include inter-alia financial market sophistication, labour market efficiency, macroeconomic stability, technological readiness, market size, Business sophistication, goods market efficiency among others . The paper point out that one of the factor inhibiting the effective integration of Nigeria into the World trading system is the non-involvement of all stakeholders in issues relating to trade. The paper recommend that government should intervene to provide the necessary support for local entrepreneurs so that the economy we be made attractive to local investor through the adjustment of interest rates at affordable rates. The paper concludes that For Nigeria to achieve this feat and its aim of being part of the 20 largest economies by 2020, she must maintain an annual average growth of 12.4% over the next 15 years and focus on developing the recommendations that have been proffered.


While the Government's instructions are clear—residential developers should be building the majority of their houses on brownfield sites and at urban extensions—the guidelines for providing access lack such clarity. This paper discusses the lack of standardisation across the various standards and guidelines, which often gives rise to a blurring between safety and capacity issues, frequently denying brownfield development on debatable criteria, and leaving engineers and planners to work within a challenging and constraining system.


The relationship of connected matroid M and connected graph G(D#) is studied.First the proposition is proved that there is a base B in M,making C1,C2,…,Cn-r the fundamental circuit of M with respect to B,is equivalent to the proposition that for any j∈{1,2,…,n-r},Cj∈∪i≠jCi.And then that(Cunningham 1973,Krogdahl 1977) M is a connected matroid is equivalent to B■∪e∈E(M)-BCM(e,B),and for any X∩Y=φ,X∪Y=E(M)-B,(∪e∈XCM(e,B))∩(∪e∈YCM(e,B))≠φ.The main results of the paper is the equivalence of connected matroid M and connected graph G(D#).


The domestic and foreign research situation of the biomechanical characteristics and rheological characteristics of the biological flexible tubular organs is introduced in this paper. The research includes the biomechanical characteristics of the cardiovascular system ,the trachea,the alimentary tract and the rheological characteristics of the blood, the mucus. The biomechanical characteristics of the biological flexible tubular organs divides into two parts: the stress-strain rule is researched through the one-dimensional or two-dimensional tensile experiments of the biological flexible tubular organs;the wall residual stress strain is researched for the biological flexible tubular organs in no load conditions. The stress-strain rule has been acquired through the one-dimensional or two-dimensional tensile experiments of the cardiovascular system, the trachea, the alimentary tract. The walls of the cardiovascular system ,the trachea,the alimentary tract have residual stress strain through measuring the opening angles.


Models of insurance with adverse selection predict that only the best risks| those least likely to suer a loss|are uninsured, a prediction at odds with coverage denials for pre-existing conditions. They also typically assume that insurance provision is costless: an insurer's only cost is payment of claims. We introduce costly insurance provision in an otherwise standard monopoly insurance model with adverse selection. We show that with loading or a xed cost of claims processing, the insurer denies coverage only to the worst risks, those most likely to suer a loss. We also show that loading overturns three classic textbook properties of monopoly pricing models: no one is pooled with the highest consumer type; the highest type gets an ecient contract; and all other types get contracts distorted downwards from their ecient contracts.


Abstract : An investigation was made of the preparation of new gasketing materials for ultra-high pressures with maximum x-ray transparency. Satisfactory results were obtained with composite materials based upon lithium hydride-organic plastics and amorphous boron-organic plastics. These composites are moldable and easily machinable materials. The lithium hydride composites performed without decomposition to 500C and the boron composites to 1100C. All have functioned as excellent gasketing materials with high x-ray transparency up to pressures of 32 Kbar and at maximum tested temperatures for at least 30 minutes. Convenient techniques were developed for rapidly molding tetrahedra for use in tetrahedral anvil high pressure devices. (Author)


The idea behind gaze interaction using Pursuits is to leverage the human's smooth pursuit eye movements performed when following moving targets. However, humans can also anticipate where a moving target would reappear if it temporarily hides from their view. In this work, we investigate how well users can select targets using Pursuits in cases where the target's trajectory is partially invisible (HiddenPursuits): e.g., can users select a moving target that temporarily hides behind another object? Although HiddenPursuits was not studied in the context of interaction before, understanding how well users can perform HiddenPursuits presents numerous Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than the author(s) must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from firstname.lastname@example.com. ETRA '18, June 14–17, 2018, Warsaw, Poland © 2018 Copyright held by the owner/author(s). Publication rights licensed to the Association for Computing Machinery. ACM ISBN 978-1-4503-5706-7/18/06. . . $15.00 https://doi.org/10.1145/3204493.3204569 opportunities, particularly for small interfaces where a target's trajectory can cover area outside of the screen. We found that users can still select targets quickly via Pursuits even if their trajectory is up to 50% hidden, and at the expense of longer selection times when the hidden portion is larger. We discuss how gaze-based interfaces can leverage HiddenPursuits for an improved user experience.


Box: Good morning, Cox. I haven't seen you all year. Where have you been hiding ? Cox: I've been reading metaphysics in my bed-sitter at 2 Temporal Crescent. Box: That's odd. I've been living there, too. Which room did you have? Cox: The third floor back, overlooking the garden. Box: The third floor back at 2 Temporal Crescent? But that's my room. Cox: Nonsense. Mrs Chronos would never permit such a thing. Box: I assure you I've been living in that room at that address with that landlady for the past year. Cox: Oh, I see. You're making a little joke about our names. Ha! ha! ha! Box: I'm not joking. This is very sinister. Do you suppose that that sly Mrs Chronos has let the same room twice over ? I was beginning to wonder who'd been at my Erotik Des Mittelalters. Cox: Impossible—I've hardly been out of the room for a year. Ah, but wait a moment. Were you there at noon yesterday, for instance ? Box: Yes. I was sitting in the armchair reading Philosophy for 1962. Cox: And I was sitting in the same armchair reading Analysis for 1965. Well, upon my word, what a splendid counterexample! Box: To what? The principle that everything in Philosophy is worth reading ? Cox: No, you fool, to the necessary unity of time. Don't you see?—two people can't be in the same place at the same time. We were in the same place exactly twenty-four hours ago. Ergo, we were not there in the same time. In other words, that sly landlady has let us both the same room but caused us to occupy it in different time schemes. Box: Oh, rubbish. Indeed, Philosophy for April 1962 contains an article by Anthony Quinton proving that time is unitary. He says, you will recall, that, despite Kant, we can make sense of the idea that a man might live serially in disconnected spaces. But this is only in order, if the man remembers his experiences in each space and can put them into a single temporal order. Otherwise we have no grounds for saying he is the same man. And this ability to relate two sets of events in time presupposes the unity of time. Cox: Quite so. But this has been answered by R. G. Swinburne in Analysis for June and December 1965. Swinburne agrees that there could be disconnected spaces. But he also thinks that disconnected times are possible and, what is more, possible in a single space. This, I surmise, is what Mrs Chronos is up to. Box: Yes, yes, I read the learned journals, too. What about A. Skillen's objections in Analysis for December 1965? Cox: Answered by Swinburne in the same issue of Analysis. As his case


Consumers expect companies to practice fair pricing. Understanding the underlying cognitive mechanism that determines consumers' price fairness perceptions is significant. It could help mitigate negative outcomes from unfairness perceptions and place firms in a better competitive position. This study examines the role of consumers' thinking styles in perceived price fairness and purchase intention in a price increase situation. An online experiment was conducted wherein 171 participants across India, primarily from tier-1 cities frequently using car rental services, took part from September to December 2021. The majority of the participants (72) were 21-30 years old (42%). All involved participants met the initial criteria of using car rental services at least once a week. Proposed hypotheses were checked by one-way ANOVA following Tukey post hoc test and PROCESS. One-way ANOVA results shows a significant influence of thinking styles on cognitive attribution with large effect size, F(2, 168) = 28.04, p < .001, η2 = 0.25; presents a significant influence of thinking styles on perceived price fairness with large effect size, F(2, 168) = 30.07, p < .001, η2 = .0.26; demonstrates a significant influence of thinking styles on purchase intention F(2, 168) = 19.94, p < .001, η2 = .0.19. Findings revealed that, in the face of a price increase occurrence, consumers thinking holistically and analytically differ in perceived price fairness and purchase intention. Furthermore, holistic thinkers with higher cognitive attribution perceive a price increase as fairer. Thereby, they have higher purchase intention than analytic thinkers.
Acknowledgment This study received support from Internal Grant Agency (project number IGA/FaME/2022/010), Tomas Bata University in Zlín.


A collection drawing on classical and modern sources and offering readers a wide variety of viewpoints on economic justice. Texts from which extracts are taken include Aristotle's Politics, Marx and Engels' Manifesto of the Communist Party and Gorbachev's Perestroika.


With displaced populations, insecurity over food and sanitation, economic devastation, and worsening community tensions, the Central African Republic is going through what must be the worst crisis in its history. Existing political mechanism appears helpless. However, this serious crisis could provide the opportunity for the international community to reassess its model of intervention with respect to its choices, capabilities, and duration of involvement.


This pilot study yielded no differences in performance on the Wechsler Visuo-motor Recall Test associated with sex or age and no interaction of these variables among 80 Negro pre-school children in the sample studied. Further, the findings suggested that work is needed to arrange items in the order of difficulty. Finally, the influence of response "set" needs to be taken into consideration in future studies with this instrument.


Benjamin Yoo oral history interview conducted by Kevin Kosanovich. Topics include: Richmond; Los Angeles; Korean participation in breaking; Syndicate; WM Asian American perspective on hip-hop culture; Explosion of Soul Crew; Kodachrome; Virginia Commonwealth University.


In this report we present two complex eruptive solar events and the associated Cosmic Ray effects (Forbush decrease). We use combined recordings from a number of Earthbound Receivers, Space Experiments and data archives (such as the ARTEMIS-IV Radio spectrograph, the Athens NEUTRON MONITOR, the LASCO CME Lists, the SONG of the {CORONAS-F} satellite, etc.). The influence of solar transients on the interplanetary medium conditions and the cosmic ray flux is analysed and discussed. The observed time sequence of events of this time period indicates that the initiation of CMEs is closely related to the appearance of type II and IV radio bursts and strong solar flares. Their effects extend from the lower corona to the near Earth vicinity affecting Cosmic Ray measurements and space weather. As regards the Forbush decrease our data indicate significant amplification at the presence of a MHD shock.


In the two and a half years that Concorde has been in service with British Airways and Air France, the nine aircraft in service have carried 250 000 passengers, travelled 16 million miles and accumulated 15 310 flying hours. These numbers, though still small by airliner standards, are sufficient for effective comparison of service experience with predictions made and objectives set during the design process. This provides the central theme of our paper. The Concorde project, always controversial, has been assessed many many times on technical, economic and environmental grounds. In fact it has inspired a literature of its own, comprising papers of all kinds–favourable and unfavourable, learned and hysterical. It has been the subject of predictions by the hundreds, ranging from the optimistic to the absolutely dire. This paper, written with the benefit of hindsight, is thereby distinguished from the bulk of this literature.


The laminated core (12) comprises laminations (10), which are arranged one over the other and which are each connected to each other by means of a first connection (9, 15). In addition, at least some of the laminations (10) are connected to each other by means of a second connection (11). By using two connections, the advantages thereof can be bundled, whereby the number and/or size of the connection points can be reduced while the requirement for the laminated core (12) remains the same or very high requirements for the laminated core (12) can be met or even increased. Advantageously, an adhesive is used as one of the connections (11), while the other connection (9, 15) can be a form-fitting connection. The adhesive (11) is applied to the lower side (13) and/or upper side (14) of the laminations (10) before or after the punching of the laminations (10). However, the two connections can also be formed by two adhesive systems. Finally, the connections (9, 10; 11) can also be formed by at least one weld seam and additionally by an adhesive.


Interleukin-6 (IL-6) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of acute inflammatory events in COVID-19 patients. We exposed IL-6 to hypochlorous acid (HOCl) in vitro at concentrations reported to develop in vivo. After HOCl treatment the cytokine failed to bind to IL-6 receptors in a bioassay using engineered human cells. Similar results followed exposure of IL-6 to N-chlorotaurine (NCT) and hypobromous acid (HOBr). SDS-PAGE analysis of HOCl-treated IL-6 showed neither fragmentation nor aggregation, suggesting that the modifications induced by these agents occurred on the intact protein. Mass spectrometry of intact and trypsin-digested fragments identified oxidative changes limited to two amino acid residues, methionine 161 and tryptophan 157, both of which have been implicated in receptor binding of the cytokine. Further studies on the effects of hypohalous acids and their halogenated amine derivatives on IL-6 and related cytokines is needed.


What major problems are likely to be encountered in designing and implementing payfor-performance mechanisms for public bureaucrats? This paper examines this question in the context of tax administration, drawing on both economic theory and recent reform efforts in developing countries. Incentive schemes may or may not increase corruption; more important is their effect on taxpayer compliance and government revenues. Whether incentive schemes enhance or reduce welfare depends on institutional parameters. These parameters include the precise range of instruments available for providing incentives, the extent of discretion available to bureaucrats, and the relevant dimensions of bureaucratic performance. Also pertinent are the importance of teamwork and equity within the bureaucracy, taxpayer appeal mechanisms, and the external legal and political environment. This implies the need to accompany incentive reforms with wider reforms in the internal organization of bureaucracies. Facilitating reforms in information systems, organizational structure, budgeting and accounting systems, task assignments, and staffing policies are described. Incentive Reforms in Developing Country Bureaucracies: Lessons From Tax Administration Dilip Mookherjee Restructuring public bureaucracies is one of the most underresearched topics in economics today. Reforms in this sector are long overdue in developing and industrial countries alike. While growing disillusionment with government bureaucracies is reflected in the widespread retreat of the state, a more considered response would weigh the possibility of reforming rather than dismantling these bureaucracies. Most of the bureaucratic structures seen around the world today are legacies of the post-Depression era of the 1930s, when governments were viewed as the panacea for all market failures; benevolent protectors of the people from avaricious capitalists, imperialist masters, and the vagaries of markets. The idea that governments might be staffed by people with the same instincts for self-interested behavior was nowhere on the horizon. Marxists concentrated their intellectual energies on the internal contradictions of capitalism, without devoting much thought to possible contradictions within the system with which they sought to replace it. Debates about the economic theory of socialism in the 1930s did not focus on incentives and the institutional aspects of government bureaucracies. Instead, the main question was the ability of central planners to "get prices right." The bureaucratic structures that evolved during this time thus paid scant attention to the possibility of internal incentive problems. Half a century later the Communist bloc has collapsed, one developing country after another faces crises prompting structural adjustment programs, and theories of the government as predator rather than protector abound. The pendulum has now swung to the other extreme.


CHANGES TO the academic year were due to be considered this week by the English National Board, the body which monitors nurse education in England.


Because the natural selenium content of infant formulas is generally low, selenium fortification is necessary to improve the selenium status of formula-fed infants. The question as to the form of selenium to be used for this purpose is an important one. Ideally, selenium should be supplemented in the same form in which it occurs normally in human milk. Sodium selenate or sodium selenite, which are used currently, do not occur normally in foods. Virtually all the selenium present in human milk is organic and significantly in the form of selenomethionine. Selenomethionine could be added to infant formulas in the form of selenium yeast or selenium yeast hydrolyzates.


"The new technique of water process and engineering" is one of the main subjects of undergraduate major Environment Engineering and Water Supply and Drainage Engineering.Due to its curriculum content,teaching method and means,positive teaching reform has been done during the process of teaching practice and the existing problems was put forward in this paper.


A fast computation method for the tap weights of a linear equaliser is developed. By approximating the channel autocorrelation matrix, which has a Toeplitz structure, by a circulant matrix, the tap weights can be solved via discrete fourier transform (DFT) techniques. For an equaliser with N taps, the approximate tap weights approach the exact tap weights as N/spl rarr//spl infin/. Excess mean-square error and bit error rate (BER) degradation caused by the approximate tap weights are computed for a representative channel.


Gamma oscillations (20-50 Hz) are a robust component of brain activity associated with information processing, but are also part of the background spontaneous activity during various brain states including sleep and anesthesia. Our goal was to examine the changes in gamma oscillations that result from pharmacological and genetic manipulations of glutamatergic transmission which produce endophenotypes of schizophrenia. We recorded local field potentials (LFP) and single units through the depth of the mouse primary visual cortex in vivo and examined the alterations in gamma frequency activity under both normal and pathological conditions. Our results indicate that both in awake and anesthetized animals, baseline gamma frequency power in the LFP is increased throughout the cortical lamina, and the signal-to-noise ratio of gamma oscillations produced by a visual stimulus is diminished, most notably in the superficial layers. In addition, the entrainment of single units to the local oscillations in the LFP is reduced in the supragranular (L2/3) and infragranular (L5/6) layers. This work supports the hypothesis that alterations in glutamatergic transmission result in changes to gamma oscillations in primary sensory areas and is consistent with the hypothesis that these changes are associated with disrupted sensory perception. Degree Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Graduate Group Neuroscience First Advisor Diego Contreras


Mucosal epithelia of the human body, including the lining of the digestive, respiratory and urogenital tracts, comprises a vast surface permanently exposed to attack by exogenous pathogens. Protection of mucosal surfaces against colonization and possible invasion by pathogenic microorganisms is provided by a combination of constitutive non-specific substances such as mucus, lysozyme, lactoferrin and lactoperoxidase, and also by a specific mechanism that relies on a special class of antibodies known as sIgA [l-31. These antibodies are believed to operate by agglutinating potential invaders and facilitating their clearance by peristaltic or mucociliary movements. The delivery of micro-organisms and macromolecules to the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) is performed at the sampling site by a specialized type of highly invaginated enterocyte, the M-cell [4,5]. M-cells ingest pathogens by phagocytosis, pass them to underlying antigen-presenting cells, which after antigen processing, activate T-cells residing in the MALT. T-helper cells, in turn, stimulate B-cells to proliferate and differentiate into IgAproducing plasma cells. Some activated Tand B-cells remain in the sampling site area and continue to produce IgA locally, whereas others spread immune protection throughout the body by entering the circulation and migrating to distant mucosal and glandular effector sites (Figure


The article discusses the role of the teacher individuality to motivate students' work in e-learning educational systems. The analysis concludes that the role of the teacher's personality is not eliminated, is not replaced by electronics, and goes in a slightly different form, while remaining one of the main motivators of productive work of students in the learning process.


The invention provides a mail handling method and system based on a helpdesk automatic mail system. The method comprises the following steps that mails in a mail box are grabbed; each grabbed mail is analyzed, so that the key word of each mail is obtained; each mail is classified according to the key word of each mail, an exclusive key word dictionary and a common key word dictionary; information corresponding to each mail in a historic mail key word processing database and a knowledge base key word processing database; each classified mail and the information corresponding to each mail are sent to corresponding mail queue processing service packages respectively. According to the method, on one hand, through the exclusive key word dictionary, the mails can be classified from multiple aspects, accuracy of mail classifying is improved, on the other hand, the historic mail key word processing database and the knowledge base key word processing database are combined for handling the mails, existing resources can be fully used, and the operation and maintenance efficiency of the daily helpdesk automatic mail system is improved.


This article introduces a Double Linear Inserting Algorithm based Image Zooming(DLIAIZ)technique.The realization of DLIAIZ with VC++is proposed.The comparison between traditional image zooming algorithm and DLIAIZ shows that the later can greatly improve the articulation of zoomed image.


Abstract: There are different methods to augment heat transfer like incorporating swirl-flow devices with different geometric arrangements which could create rotating flows. Geometric arrangements include use of coiled tubes, vortex generators and twisted tapes being used to increase heat transfer rate. These geometric configuration finds its application in various industrial components and heat exchangers, HVAC systems. This research investigates application of nano fluids Al2O3/water nano fluids in heat exchanger with dual twisted tapes using numerical method. The numerical investigation is conducted using techniques of Computational Fluid Dynamics. The CAD model is developed using Creo design software and the CFD simulation is conducted using ANSYS CFX. RNG K epsilon turbulence model is used for analysis which is more suited for flows involving swirl.


Background: Greater mobility and activity among hospitalized patients has been linked to key outcomes, including decreased length of stay, increased odds of home discharge, and fewer hospital-acquired morbidities. Systematic approaches to increasing patient mobility and activity are needed to improve patient outcomes during and following hospitalization. Problem: While studies have found the Johns Hopkins Activity and Mobility Promotion (JH-AMP) program improves patient mobility and associated outcomes, program details and implementation methods are not published. Approach: JH-AMP is a systematic approach that includes 8 steps, described in this article: (1) organizational prioritization; (2) systematic measurement and daily mobility goal; (3) barrier mitigation; (4) local interdisciplinary roles; (5) sustainable education and training; (6) workflow integration; (7) data feedback; and (8) promotion and awareness. Conclusions: Hospitals and health care systems can use this information to guide implementation of JH-AMP at their institutions.


The invention discloses an arc-shaped flat anchorage device for a bridge. The anchorage device comprises an arc-shaped flat anchorage plate, an arc-shaped flat anchorage cushion plate, an arc-shaped flat anchorage corrugated pipe and a grouting pipe. The inner arc face of the arc-shaped flat anchorage plate is matched with the end face of the arc-shaped flat anchorage cushion plate, and a clamping piece and a conical hole of the arc-shaped flat anchorage plate are matched and are fixedly locked through an arc-shaped flat anchorage spiral rib as a whole. The device solves the problem that included angles are generated on a steel strand at the flat anchorage clamping piece clamping position of a traditional flat anchorage product in the tensioning process and caused relative problems, and is suitable for high-strength low-relaxation-prestress steel strands with the diameter of 15.2 mm; the working face is changed into an arc face from a plane of a traditional flat anchorage device, so that the corner folding problem of the steel strand is effectively solved, and the anchorage performance of the flat anchorage device is greatly improved.


Review of Justin Castro's Radio in Revolution: Wireless Technology and State Power in Mexico, 1897-1938. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2016 and Alejandra Bronfman's Isles of Noise: Sonic Media in the Caribbean. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2016


. . . the notion that every object that happens to satisfy has an equal claim with every other to be a value is like supposing that every object of perception has the same cognitive force as every other. There is no knowledge without perception, but objects perceived are known only when they are determined as consequences of connective operations. There is no value except where there is satisfaction but there have to be certain conditions fulfilled to transform a satisfaction into a value.


The rolling process of T2 worm is studied by numerical simulation and experiment in this paper. The rolling forming of the worm part is realized by using the two rollers forming method with parallel axes and the radial feed at the same time as rotation. Firstly, the influence of the unidirectional rotation and reciprocating rotation of the roller on the hardness of the teeth, the strain distribution and the streamline distribution of the worm are analyzed. The results show that in numerical simulation, the tooth shape of reciprocating rolling workpiece is symmetrical according to the central axis of the tooth, and the workpiece has no axis displacement. The hardness distribution of both sides of the tooth of the reciprocating rolling workpiece is more uniform than that of the unidirectional rolling workpiece, and the streamline distribution is more uniform and symmetrical. The strain variation in the numerical simulation is consistent with the experimental variation of hardness and streamlines. It shows that the reciprocating rolling has substantial help to the strength and hardness of the lifting worm. Then, the analysis of the teeth of the simulated and experimental parts show that the maximum difference of the gear parameters between the analogy and the experimental parts is 1.46%, and the accuracy of the numerical simulation is higher.


[PDF]  [Full Text]  [Abstract] , May 1, 2008; 294 (5): R1593-R1599. Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol Ghaffar and E. P. Mayer E. A. Murphy, J. M. Davis, A. S. Brown, M. D. Carmichael, J. A. Carson, N. Van Rooijen, A. macrophages Benefits of oat {beta}-glucan on respiratory infection following exercise stress: role of lung [PDF]  [Full Text]  [Abstract] , June 1, 2008; 104 (6): 1648-1655. J Appl Physiol and C. M. Ulrich P. T. Campbell, M. H. Wener, B. Sorensen, B. Wood, Z. Chen-Levy, J. D. Potter, A. McTiernan among postmenopausal women Effect of exercise on in vitro immune function: a 12-month randomized, controlled trial [PDF]  [Full Text]  [Abstract] , January 1, 2009; 40 (1): 83-89. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. M. Hewitt, A. Creel, K. Estell, I. C. Davis and L. M. Schwiebert Asthma Model Acute Exercise Decreases Airway Inflammation, but Not Responsiveness, in an Allergic


This article will report on several IP-based satellite backbones in operation in Indonesia. Basically, shared VSAT IP service, such as Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) service seems to be the favorite low cost solution for broadband IP satellite backbone compared to the more costly Single Channel Per Carrier (SCPC). Answers to questions, such as typical configurations providing the service, will be described. Some of these services may be run without any government license. The receive-only IP VSAT service is one of these.


The study generated the theory in the teaching of research. It utilized the inductive method of theory generation, and the researcher used the narrative inquiry approach. Furthermore, the proponent applied the six phases of Labov's narrative analysis in the stories, as told by the teachers who participated in the study. Six identified different areas in the investigation: abstract, orientation, complicating action, evaluation, resolution, and coda. It created a thematic analysis and adapted the six phases of Braun and Clark. The study's findings revealed three themes: Myself, Myself and others, and myself and the Institution. The extracted narratives in the re-storying of the six professors involved came up with the following hypothesis: Academic research productivity governs teachers' attributes: Academic research productivity influences students' characteristics: And academic research productivity affects institutional mandates. This theory emerged as stated: Academic research productivity is an interplay between teacher's attributes and student's characteristics with the influence of the institutional sanction.


The classic methodology for the analysis of corporations and corporate social groupings produces culturally contaminated data. An alternative methodology is described in which abstract analytical concepts are used to determine whether a social isolate has the capacity to enter into jural relations and where the exact social locus of ownership lies. This approach is tested against Gilbert's ethnography of the Peruvian cognatic descent isolate. It delineates more faithfully the indigenous distinctions and shows that the Peruvian descent isolate is not a corporate grouping in the realm of property relations. [corporations, corporate social groupings, property ownership, cognatic descent groupings, methodology, social organization]


This paper analytically explores drug recall programmes in the pharmaceutical industry by considering the product defect severity as a source of uncertainty. Under the Stackelberg game model, a pharma-manufacturer outsources the drug recall management and pays collecting fees to a third party logistics provider (3PL) for collecting the defective medications. On the other side, the 3PL provides incentives to customers to facilitate product recall. In this research, we first analytically show the negative effect of lack of coordination between the pharma-manufacturer and 3PL. Then, a new coordination model, namely collecting fee agreement is proposed under which the pharma-manufacturer aims to motivate the 3PL to collect more defective medications. This research also analytically explores the effect of orchestrating the collecting fees and incentives under stochastic product defect severity. Finally, a Nash-bargaining game model is proposed to share the profits between the pharma-manufacturer and 3PL under the collecting fee agreement. Both analytical and numerical results reveal that the collecting fee agreement not only increases the collection rate of defective items and protects the patients from unsafe products, but also simultaneously improves the performances of whole pharmaceutical supply chain and its members while reducing the governmental penalties imposed on the pharma-manufacturer.


In this paper, we develop a simple dynamic optimization model of a central bank, in which the bank's profit affects its balance sheet. The model derives the transversality condition that is necessary for a central bank to be sustainable and to conduct an optimal monetary policy. In this sense, the transversality condition needs to be satisfied to maintain central bank credibility. We discuss some factors affecting the transversality condition and show that what is important to satisfy the condition and thus to maintain central bank credibility is not capital alone but the financial strength that generates no sustained loss.


virtual instrument is new and vivid kind of instruments created by using computer-technique in the field of apparatus.It will gradually replace conventional instrument.The paper discusses the method of design virtual instruments class using VC++ Object-Oriented technique to quickly implement the dynamic simulation system of Electro Auto,and using the methords to develop a Auto ABS(Anti-lock Breaking System)ECU inspection and simulation flat ,the flat has been used practically by company.


Independent Intervention Program (IIP) Training or Pelatihan Program Intervensi Mandiri (PIM©©) is an Indonesian training model designed to develop parents' ability in intervening the social skill of their children with autism. The offline training, however, came with some limitations; it had limited number of participants—all coming locally and were only accessible on certain time slots. As a response to these limitations, the IIP training is held online. The research began with spreading of the information regarding the training, analyzing the registered individuals, and appointing them participants when the main criterion is fulfilled: the participant must be a parent of a child with autism. Out of 84 registered individuals, 11 participants were selected, all agreeing to follow through all the training steps. The effectivity of the training was measured using a self-evaluation questionnaire for the participants, as well as evaluation given by instructors. Based on the findings, the online IIP training comes with several advantages: 1) improving parents' knowledge and ability regarding the intervention on the social skill of their children with autism; 2) having a wider target of participants compared to its offline counterpart; 3) in terms of time and place, offering greater flexibility for participants to access materials for the training. As an implication of the evaluation result, a new strategy is needed to ease online interaction process between instructors and parents in planning the intervention program and implementing it on their children.


In this review, we present an update on biomarkers (both clinical and laboratory) on the basis of recent peer-reviewed publications relating to pseudoexfoliation syndrome and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma.


We proposed a method for synthesized nanoparticle trapping in capacitively coupled plasma (CCP) reactor. The nanoparticle in nonthermal plasma can be negatively charged by a charged particle in plasma. Thus, it can be placed between sheath and bulk plasma with zero net force on nanoparticle. However, synthesized nanoparticle can be pumped out due to the neutral drag force when the large size of sheath thickness. We try to make a potential well using the sheath for trapping the synthesized nanoparticle.


The roots of Crew Resource Management training in the United States are usually traced back to a workshop, Resource Management on the Flightdeck sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration in 1979. This conference was the outgrowth of NASA research into the causes of air transport accidents. The research presented at this meeting identified the human error aspects of the majority of air crashes as failures of interpersonal communications, decision making, and leadership. At this meeting, the label Cockpit Resource Management (CRM) was applied to the process of training crews to reduce "pilot error" by making better use of the human resources on the flight deck. Many of the air carriers represented at this meeting left it committed to developing new training programs to enhance the interpersonal aspects of flight operations. Since that time CRM training programs have proliferated in the United States and around the world. Approaches to CRM have also evolved in the years since the NASA meeting. The focus of this paper is on the generations of CRM training that reflect this evolution and on the problems that have been encountered in changing the attitudes and behavior of flight crews. CRM training in the military has followed its own path of growth and evolution and will not be addressed here.


Power supply control system for a switching-mode power supply with cycle by cycle, asynchronous control scheme, making use of simulated electronic logic gates for the logical switching means and further including assimilation and artificial intelligence neural control network, such as a perceptron, to determine the electronic simulation and to make use of a mixing of instant and average signals through a feedback system.


The invention discloses a medicine for treating tetanus and a preparation method thereof. The medicine is mainly prepared from the following components in a certain weight ratio: periostracum cicada, rhizoma typhonii, rhizoma arisaematis, gentiana macrophylla, gastrodia elata, ramulus mori, honeysuckle, rheum officinale and schizonepeta. The medicine has functions of removing dampness to reduce phlegm, dispelling wind-evil to calm nerves and eliminating swelling to remove stasis. The medicine which is used for treating the tetanus is rapid in efficacy and good in treatment effect without relapse.


One of the most common methods to measure soil strength in-situ is by cone penetrometer. This paper is about the development of a 3 dimensional (3D) discrete element model (DEM) for simulation of the soil-cone penetrometer interaction. To simulate cohesive soil the Hertz-Mindlin with bonding contact model was used in EDEM 2.7 discrete element software. The parameters were calibrated to real test result and after that the effect of the model dimension (namely the diameter of the cylinder) on soil penetration resistance was analysed. The results of the calculations were very similar to the real soil penetration resistances therefore the model can be used to simulate the cone penetrometer in-situ test. Another result of the paper that a suggestion for proper model size is given in soil-cone penetrometer discrete element simulations.


Background: Mercury is used in various industrial. Part of Mercury's industrial waste is discharged into the environment, rivers and their tributaries, thus contaminating aquatic animals. Aim: to evaluate Mercury-induced behavioral changes in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) by the analysis of locomotor activity and parameters related to neurotoxicity and to verify whether ultra-diluted substances can decrease neurobehavioral effects and toxic. Methodology: The fishes were separated into 4 monitoring aquariums with 8 fishes each, with temperature, pH controlled, until the time of the toxicological experiments. 0.5 mL of Mercury 6cH, 30cH and distilled water (positive control) were added per liter of water in each aquarium containing 6 liters of water, then 3 mL of medication per aquarium, the white control received no medication and the toxic agent. After 1 hour the drugs were added, toxic mercury (200 μg/L), 4 mL per aquarium was added and remained so for 24 hours. All the experiment was run in blind, and the drugs identified by codes. The animals were subjected to behavioral tests (Open Field-locomotion; Vertical Open Field for neurotoxicity evaluation and Light and Dark Test), and each stage was recorded for later evaluation of movements and neurobehavioral changes. ANOVA was performed, followed by Tukey test, with p <0.05. Results: Mercury produced an anxiogenic effect in animals that were submitted to it without medication. In the vertical open field, there was an increase in erratic movements (1.25 ± 1.0) and tremors (0.87 ± 0.35) compared to the control (0.12 ± 0.35 and 0.25 ± 0.46 respectively), proving the toxic effect. Fishes which received the medication at 6 cH and 30 ch showed tremors and erratic movements similar to control. Conclusion: 200 μg/L mercury in water can cause neurobehavioral disturbances in fishes, and animals receiving Mercurius 6 cH and 30 cH ultra-diluted drug did not show neurotoxicity.


The development of educational technology is so rapid, especially with regard to new findings in the latest learning strategies, instructional media(multimedia), and methods of learning more effective, and so on. This provides a challenge for teachers to determine attitude, whether immediately receive and up date strategies for the development of information technology-based learning or retaining the old patterns are considered better. This article discusses: (1) measures that can be done by the University to be able to increase the utilization of information technology in the learning process and, (2) improving writing skills for high school/vocational school teachers in East Java. The problem that would agree to be a priority program are:(1) Lack of knowledge and skills of teachers in high school/vocational school at East Java related development and application of information technology to the learning process;(2) the lack of optimum utilization of interactive learning media-based information technology in improving the quality of teaching at the high school and vocational education in East Java; (3) Low writing skills of teacher in high school and vocational school in East Java.
The approach offered are: (1) The initial phase is the high school/vocational school teacher will be given training related topics mindset change teaching assignments, teaching strategies in the classroom, multimedia technology competence and training to write in academic journal; (2) The second stage is a demonstration method. The demonstration method is demonstrated how the use of information technology in teaching methods and technical writing papers in academic journal; (3) The third stage is the supervision method, namely the extent to which the trainee is able to apply what is obtained in the training method and demonstration methods to improve skills in teaching and writing; (4) The fourth stage is a self-training method. The self-training method is that the trainees are expected to apply the results of training and use information technology in learning process.
Keywords: information technology, internet, multimedia, learning method, interactive learning.


An entrepreneurship denotes many points to develop, a lot of times the information obtained before an exhausting investigation is not enough to determine some factors. Throughout history, there are known cases of individuals who experiment on different branches to their knowledge and achieve a transcendental success, which changes their lives. And so the majority of times, it is not enough having that knowledge, but also that smell. Under this logic, it was possible to see that the elaboration of Roast beef in Argentina it is not only a typical food, but it's a historic tradition which leads to a group of emotions such as satisfaction. Starting from this concept, a business opportunity it's generated based on "Gaucho s" population index, along with its unmet demands. Therefore, it is necessary to elaborate a business plan for the manufacturing and exportation of portable grills with an operation based on a simple ventilation system. Having in mind the main objectives: an external analysis of the industry, potential customers behavior, development of a marketing plan according to the project needs, determination of a philosophy and organizational structure adjusted to the general objective, and determination of the viability of the plan business through a financial valuation with real data. With the development of the project, very relevant data was obtained which lead to the initial idea and therefore made possible the fabrication of the before mentioned product.


Photonic crystal surface emitting lasers (PCSELs) [1] offer the ultimate in control in semiconductor lasers. PCSELs have been shown to have high power scaling with area, high single-mode powers [2], large scale coherent emission, control of the beam shape and polarization with design of the photonic crystal geometry [3,4], as well as beam steering [5]. The photonic crystal, a two-dimensional variation in refractive index, provides feedback in multiple orthogonal directions. Wave propagating in various directions couple with one another and a 2D standing wave (cavity mode) is constructed over a broad area. These devices have previously been fabricated through wafer fusion or the formation of voids during the re-growth process. The manufacturability of such devices prompted the move towards epitaxially regrown structures that do not contain voids.


TECHNICAL PAPERS' The Anemia Associated With Chronic Infection: G.E. Cartwright, et al................................................................... An Observation on the Red Cell Content of the Blood of the Thoroughbred Horse: John Macleod and Eric Ponder .......................................... Fur and Feathers: A Response to Falling Temperature: RaymondB. Cowles ............................................


Dervin and Yuan's (2022) book Revitalizing interculturality in education: Chinese Minzu as a companion challenged the lack of diversity in the disciplinary field of Intercultural Communication Education (ICE) with a detailed exploration and discussion on Chinese Minzu and Minzu education from a "non-Western" approach. By utilizing a case study research design, the authors gave voices to the participants that provided detailed narratives of concepts and practices of Chinese Minzu education at Minzu University of China (MUC). The book explored how the notion of Minzu was deconstructed and prompted readers to reckon Minzu education as a "companion, complement, and alternative" to the knowledge of interculturality in education. It added value to the international scholarship on multicultural/intercultural education by offering insights to the views, theories, and practices of Minzu education.


Based on the cylindrical coordinates and the space engagement theory, which utilize a cylindrical coordinate system, an arbitrary curve equation was obtained and a method of curve expansion was established. This allows any order of pitch curve of non-circular curved face gear and normal equidistant curve parameter equations to be derived. The tooth profile points of the non-circular curved face gear can be solved using the numerical calculation method where the tooth profile intersects with the pitch curve and normal equidistant curves of non-circular curved face gear. Finally the numerical method used to solve the tooth profile of the non-circular curved face gear was proved to be accurate and correct from the small error between measured data and the data of theoretical calculation.


Multivariate analysis is a type of multivariate statistical approach commonly used in, automotive diagnosis, education evaluating clusters in finance etc and more recently in the health-related professions. The objective of the paper is to provide a detailed exploratory discussion about factor analysis (FA) in image retrieval method and correlation analysis (CA) of network traffic. Image retrieval methods aim to retrieve relevant images from a collected database, based on their content. The problem is made more difficult due to the high dimension of the variable space in which the images are represented. Multivariate correlation analysis proposes an anomaly detection and analysis method based on the correlation coefficient matrix. Anomaly behaviors in the network include the various attacks on the network like DDOs attacks and network scanning.


The dependence of solar UV variability on solar cycle is investigated using far UV (115-180nm) and middle UV (180-310nm) fluxes from SOLSTICE/SORCE experiment and Mg II index Bremen composite. The SOLSTICE [FUV-MUV] colour is introduced to study the solar UV spectral slope during the cycle. The calculated colour is corrected for aging effects due to an efficiency reduction of SOLSTICE FUV irradiance. In order to extract the 11-year scale variation, the Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) is applied to the data sets. We found that the [FUV-MUV] colour strongly correlates with the Mg II index. The dependence of the [FUV-MUV] colour index on solar cycle M. Lovric 1, F. Berrilli 1, C. Cagnazzo 3, E. Pietropaolo 2, D. Del Moro 1, L. Giovannelli 1 1) UTOV (firstname.lastname@example.com) 2) UNIAQ 3) CNR-ISAC The radiative and particle output of the Sun is variable on different time scales, from seconds to the evolutionary scale of the star. These fluctuations, due to instabilities and non-stationary processes related to solar magnetic field dynamics and evolutionary mechanisms, affect the energy balance of the Earth's surface and atmosphere, thus influencing our climate (e.g. Haigh, 2007). Fluctuations of the total (TSI) and spectral (SSI) solar irradiance indicate that the main feature of solar variability, at least in the last centuries, is the 11-year Schwabe cycle. This cycle is distinctly observed with different physical (e.g. TSI, SSI, Mg II or F10.7 fluxes) and synthetic (e.g. sunspot number) indices. Magnesium II index dataset The Mg II core-to-wing ratio is a good proxy for the solar UV and facular component of the TSI (e.g. Dudok deWit et al., 2009). The Mg II index is calculated as the ratio between h and k emission doublet at 280 nm, which originates in the solar chromosphere, and a reference continuum intensity at specific wavelengths in the wings of the Mg II absorption band. The continuum around the doublet is originated in the photosphere. The Mg II Bremen composite signal, i.e., daily Mg II index values, is downloaded from the University of Bremen website: http://www.iup.uni-bremen.de/gome/gomemgii.html SORCE SOLSTICE dataset The investigation of SSI as not quite possible until 2003 with the launch of the NASA's SORCE. The used datasets are downloaded from LASP SORCE website http://lasp.colorado.edu/home/sorce/data/. The SOLSTICE data obtained from the LASP SORCE website is version 15 data that includes data up to October 2015. SSI measurements present zero values corresponding to missing data, which leads to non physical gaps in the monthly means of the intensities in both spectral regions. A data interpolation is required. S c a t t e r p l o t synthesized without the 11-y components. The circles represent the data, while the line represents the l inear correlat ion. Data colour goes from b l u e t o r e d a n d reflects the temporal evolution. The [FUV-MUV] colour index The FUV and MUV monthly means are used to analyze the behavior of the [FUV-MUV] colour index. The colour index is calculated by the difference between the measurements of the magnitude of the Sun at two different wavelengths (i.e., 147.5nm and 245nm, for FUV and MUV, respectively), [FUVMUV] colour is defined as: The local slope permits to derive the colour temperature, i.e., the temperature for which the [FUV-MUV] colour of a blackbody radiator fits the solar one. The figure shows the dependence of the colour on both Mg II index and time. The data sets cover the time between May 2003 and October 2015. UV slope is sensitive to solar activity. We point out the existence of two separate slopes, which merge during the solar minimum. Starting from this minimum the Mg II index is seen to increase while the colour index decreases. Around the maximum in 2013, the Mg II index reaches a maximum of 0.163 and colour index is at the minimum observed value of 7.19. The two observed slopes can be due to the SOLSTICE instrument degradation (e.g. Snow et al., 2014). Empirical Mode Decomposition analysis The signals associated to [FUV-MUV] colour index and Mg II flux have been studied for the time period (May 2003October 2015). Their variability derives form activity of the Sun which is non-stationary, therefore an adaptive analysis is required. The Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) analysis is a signal processing technique developed by Huang et al. (1998) to especially analyze nonlinear, chaotic, and non-stationary signals. The EMD's main aim is to synthesize any signal as the sum of a finite number of functions, (Intrinsic Mode Functions or IMFs) computed a posteriori directly from the signal by an algorithm called the sifting process. EMD is applied to Mg II monthly mean time series and to [FUV-MUV] colour index, resulting in 4 components for the Mg II index and 5 component for [FUV-MUV] colour index (figure shows the result of the EMD applied to [FUV-MUV] colour index). The IMFs of the colour index [FUV-MUV] are shown from the first (highest frequency) to the last (lowest frequency) starBng from the top. The first two components have the highest frequencies thus they are likely affected by "solar noise", so they haven't been considered in this work focused on the dependence on 11-years Schwabe cycle. Quasi biennial variation seem to rule the third components, while data trend is contained in the fourth components and corresponds to the solar cycle 11-years period. T h e c o l o u r i n d e x dependence on colour temperature assuming a linear dependence during the solar cycle. Black symbols show the relation without FUV channel ageing. Red symbols show the colour index variation considering a FUV channel ageing of a fac tor 0 .0002 per month. This corresponds to a total reduction of 2.8% during the period and produces a colour temperature change of about 20 K. https://www.fisica.uniroma2.it/~solare/en/ Reconstruction of the [FUV-MUV] colour index First step in the reconstruction of the [FUV-MUV] colour index is removing of the ageing of the FUV channel. Correlation between the Mg II index and the [FUV-MUV] colour index after removing ageing of the FUV channel The best fit was found to be linear (y=-12.8859x + 9.28945) and it was used to reconstruct the [FUV-MUV] colour index in the past, for the period Mg II index is available. Reconstruction of the [FUV-MUV] colour index using the correlation with Mg II index Time 1975 198


This report describes the beta prototype automatic target recognition system ATR3, and some performance tests done with this system. This is a fully operational system, with a high computational speed. It is useful for findings any kind of target in digitized image data, and as a general purpose image analysis tool.


The City of Santa Rosa, California, has been field-testing an experimental crosswalk warning device over the past year. This report summarizes: a. The process leading to the development of the device, b. A description of the device and its operation; c. The procedure used to evaluate the device; d. Current findings regarding the device's effectiveness; e. Unresolved issues and recommendations surrounding its future use; and f. Lessons learned by the evaluation team.


In the wild, carnivorous plants obtain some nutrients by trapping and digesting various invertebrates, and occasionally even small frogs and mammals. Because insects are one of the most common prey items for most carnivorous plants, they are sometimes called insectivorous plants The aim of this study is to identify Drosera indica indeed a carnivorous plant to control indoor mosquitoes in Metro Manila. Experimental Method of research. Controlled pot plant were placed in the Urban garden of UDM and observed to trapped insects. Another pot plant was placed inside the room that verified attracted insects. The Experimental period runs for 7 days from October 5 to 11, 2020. Conclusion: Based on the results and finding, Drosera indica is an insectivorous plant that preys on Aedes aegypti and Anopheles mosquitoes


Breast tissue undergoes constant physiological changes in a woman's life because of influence of endocrine hormones during and after reproductive life. These changes may present as pain, lumpiness or both in the breast. Breast lumps are feared for cancer. Thus, it is important for women with a breast lump to receive appropriate evaluation. Clinical breast examination is first step in evaluation of breast lump. The diagnostic sensitivity of clinical breast examination is high (98%) whereas its specificity is low, averaging 48%. Ultrasound is preferred in evaluation of radiologically dense breasts and in the study of breasts with augmentation mammoplasties. Micro-calcifications on mammography are considered to be important signs of breast cancer. X-ray mammography detects microcalcifications in 30–50% of breast cancers. FNAC is a cheap, cost effective and readily available routine diagnostic with a sensitivity ranging between 89% to 98% and specificity between 98% to 100% for palpable breast lumps.
When combined together triple test achieves a higher sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy than any of the investigations taken alone. We conducted a prospective study to evaluate breast masses by clinical assessment, imaging and pathological examination. Results were compared with histopathology. We concluded that triple assessment in breast lumps gives superior results than any of its modalities taken alone.


122 The Journal of Thoracic and Card bjective: This study was undertaken to determine the impact of specific intensive are procedures on preoperative hemodynamics, incidence of preoperative organ ysfunction, and in-hospital mortality among neonates with hypoplastic left heart yndrome with pulmonary overcirculation and to assess the influence of the change n preoperative management on early postoperative outcome.


Background:  This study aims to describe significant left atrial appendage activation following ablation of persistent atrial fibrillation, and explore its relationship with aggressive septal ablation.


Silicon nanocrystals (Si-ncs) are particularly interesting not only for their optical properties but also because recent developments have made possible the production of optoelectronic devices. In the present work, an approach is proposed either to introduce Si-ncs at room temperature inside the multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) or to cap Si-nc on one open end of MWCNT. The Si-ncs dispersed in SiO2-based spin on glass solution have been preliminary disaggregated in an ammonia solution and contacted with open MWCNTs with different average inner diameters (IDs) within an ID range of 6–40nm. The ends of MWCNTs have been opened by a thermal annealing at appropriate temperatures that are previously evaluated from thermogravimetric investigations. On the tip of MWCNTs of small inner diameters it has been possible to stick a single Si-nc and cap the open end of the tube (Si-nc∕MWCNT), whereas with increasing IDs of MWCNTs, Si-ncs were introduced inside the tubule (Si-ncs-MWCNT). High resolution transmission electron microscopy and diffraction patterns provide evidence for many Si-ncs incorporated inside the MWCNTs. The capillary forces provided by the opening of the MWCNTs are strong enough to attract and even more to carry the Si-ncs within nanotubes far from their mouth. Photoluminescence properties of Si-nc inside the MWCNTs are investigated at room temperature. Implications on the interest of their composite material, Si-ncs-MWCNT, are discussed in terms of chemical and mechanical stabilizations, wiring, and handling single Si-nc.Silicon nanocrystals (Si-ncs) are particularly interesting not only for their optical properties but also because recent developments have made possible the production of optoelectronic devices. In the present work, an approach is proposed either to introduce Si-ncs at room temperature inside the multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) or to cap Si-nc on one open end of MWCNT. The Si-ncs dispersed in SiO2-based spin on glass solution have been preliminary disaggregated in an ammonia solution and contacted with open MWCNTs with different average inner diameters (IDs) within an ID range of 6–40nm. The ends of MWCNTs have been opened by a thermal annealing at appropriate temperatures that are previously evaluated from thermogravimetric investigations. On the tip of MWCNTs of small inner diameters it has been possible to stick a single Si-nc and cap the open end of the tube (Si-nc∕MWCNT), whereas with increasing IDs of MWCNTs, Si-ncs were introduced inside the tubule (Si-ncs-MWCNT). High resolution transmission e...


The invention relates to a triazine carbon forming-foaming agent, a synthesis method of the triazine carbon forming-foaming agent, and a flame-retardant polymer composite material prepared from the triazine carbon forming-foaming agent. The invention aims at solving the problem that a carbon forming-foaming agent obtained by the prior art has a very large polarity, strong hygroscopicity, and poorcompatibility with polymers in processing, and thus leading poor surface smoothness of materials extruded fast. A structural general formula of the triazine carbon forming-foaming agent is shown in the patent specification. The synthesis method of the triazine carbon forming-foaming agent comprises the following steps of adding a solvent into cyanuric chloride, adding dropwisely an alkylol amine, an alkylamine and an acid binding agent into the cyanuric chloride solution to obtain a single-substituted substance, preparing a double-substituted substance, heating, carrying out extraction filtration, washing, and drying to obtain the triazine carbon forming-foaming agent. The flame-retardant polymer composite material prepared from the triazine carbon forming-foaming agent comprises a thermoplastic resin, a halogen-free intumescent flame retardant and a processing auxiliary agent. Compared with the existing triazine carbon forming-foaming agent, the triazine carbon forming-foaming agent provided by the invention has better compatibility with non-polar polymers, can be better dispersed in a polymer, and can be utilized for the flame resistance field.


Various poly[tributyl(4-vinylbenzyl)phosphonium salt]s with different counter anions were prepared and their antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus were explored by the viable cell counting method in sterile distilled water. Antibacterial activity was found to be affected by the structure of the counter anions. The activity was low for a counter anion which tends to form a tight ion-pair with phosphonium ion, while it was high for those facilitating ionic dissociation to free ions. Furthermore, the molecular weight dependence of the antibacterial activity was investigated for poly[tributyl(4-vinylbenzyl) phosphonium chloride] with various molecular weights against S. aureus. Antibacterial activity was found to increase with molecular weight. Various copolymers were prepared in which the compositional ratio of tributyl(4-vinylbenzyl)phosphonium chloride to acrylamide, N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone, or styrene was altered, and the effect of the positive charge density on the antibacterial activity was investigated against S. aureus. Antibacterial activity of the copolymers was much higher than that of the low-molecular-weight model compound and enhanced with the molar fraction of the phosphonium units in the copolymers. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


Would you like to learn how to block your number when calling someone? Well, there are a few different ways to do this, one method is temporary and you ...


The theoretical part of the thesis focuses on the basic characteristics and utilization of amaranth and quinoa. Their importance for nutrition and principles to determinate selected components has also been described. The practical part deals with the designation of selected components and sensory evaluation of products from amaranth and quinoa.