620 Background: The 2005 ASCO guidelines recommend surveillance testing and frequencies following surgical +/- adjuvant therapy for stage II/III CRC. In Canada, many patients are discharged from their oncologist to their primary care physician (PCP) for ongoing surveillance. However, adherence to surveillance recommendations is low. This cohort study evaluated adherence to surveillance 1 year after treatment of stage II/III CRC prior to and following implementation of a DL.

METHODS
Cohort 1 (C1) patients were retrospectively identified from the Alberta Cancer Registry following adjuvant therapy (as applicable) at a tertiary cancer centre (07/2006 - 09/2007). Cohort 2 (C2) patients were prospectively identified from the Registry and clinic records following adjuvant therapy (as applicable), as those discharged from the centre (10/2007 - 4/2009); DL was sent to the patient and PCP recommending surveillance tests and dates. Clinical, laboratory, diagnostic imaging, and endoscopy data was collated. Adherence at 1 year follow-up was compared between cohorts using Kaplan-Meier time-to-event analyses.

RESULTS
C1 (n=218) was larger than C2 (n=114) despite the longer accrual time for C2. There were no differences between cohorts by age, sex, primary site of disease, stage, or adjuvant oxaliplatin use. During year 1 of follow-up, 11.8% and 11.4% recurred (local or metastatic) and 6.5% and 2.7% died (p=0.1) in C1 and C2 respectively. Comparing C1 with C2, 14.8% vs. 23.0% of patients had one CEA test within 3 months, 45.2% vs. 72.2% within 6 months, and 71.7% vs. 85.1% within 1 year (p<0.001). Only 44.0% (C1) and 68.6% (C2) had 2 CEA tests within 1 year. Only 3.9% (C1) vs. 6.6% (C2) of patients had 4 CEA tests within the year following treatment as recommended. The rate of CT imaging was 32.3% (C1) and 56.1% (C2); endoscopy was 36.7% (C1) and 42.1% (C2).

CONCLUSIONS
Implementation of a DL improved compliance with surveillance at 1 year of follow-up following discharge from a tertiary cancer centre, although optimal adherence remains low. However, adherence to CT imaging nearly doubled. Evaluation of compliance at 3 years of follow-up is ongoing.


This study has been conducted in order to propose Eco-friendly and High functional waterproofing technology available for structure by verifying application and performance of water proofing material(s) in purpose of making effective use of reclaimed rubber. As s result of 12 months evaluation, stable performance for water pressure and lateral pressure of 0.3N/mm2 were confirmed. Also, as the time elapsed, the amount of water absorption and adhesion performance showed only a slight difference(+0.05g, -0.1N mm2) as well, which in turn confirmed that waterproofing performance remains stable. Studies show that it is expected to expand recycling technology of natural rubber by applying reclaimed rubber on construction waterproofing field, and to hold a technical superiority by using eco-friendly material in construction waterproofing market throughout active application of these types of research. ............................................................................................................................................................... 키워드 : 고점착, 친환경, 시트 방수재, 천연 라텍스, 재생고무


Justice Department Sues Monopolist Google For Violating Antitrust Laws* Department Files Complaint Against Google to Restore Competition in Search and Search Advertising Markets Today, the…


Report describing a building retuning workshop presented to staff at Redstone Arsenal. Document includes issues identified during building audits and recommendations for future activities to reduce energy use at the site.


From the year 2000, an increasing number of reports have focused on the association between periodontal and cardiovascular diseases. Periodontal measurements are carried out in a number of ways, and, therefore, the grading of periodontitis in each study may differ according to the measurements used. Some previous studies included meta-analyses; however, the heterogeneity of periodontal measurements was not taken into account. Therefore, we divided periodontal measurements which are taken more frequently into two groups: Group A, which included measurements reflecting inflammation on examination, as indicated by Bleeding on Probing (BOP) and Probing Pocket Depth (PPD); and Group B, which included measurements not reflecting inflammation on examination, indicated by Clinical Attachment Loss (CAL), and analyzed the pooled odds ratios (OR) of each group. We conducted online and manual searches, which revealed 688 articles, of which 11 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The measurements in Group A did not reveal a significant correlation between periodontal and cerebrovascular diseases (OR = 1.35; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.90–2.02), while Group B measurements revealed a significant positive correlation between the 2 diseases (OR = 1.96; 95% CI, 1.32–2.90). To assess the existence of publication bias, we drew funnel plots, which revealed the possibility of publication bias. In order to analyze non-published articles, a trim and fill method was used to assess Group B. After putative non-published articles were included in the analysis, a significant correlation was observed between periodontitis and cerebrovascular diseases (OR = 1.48; 95% CI, 1.07–2.06). Differences were observed between periodontitis and cerebrovascular disease due to different periodontal measurements. BOP and PPD cannot indicate the duration of periodontal disease, while CAL is a cumulative measure that can indicate the duration of periodontitis. Therefore, a stronger association may exist between CAL and cerebrovascular disease than that of BOP or PPD. This study suggests that the association between periodontal disease and stroke may differ according to periodontal measurements. Therefore, careful analysis is required while investigating the association between periodontal and cerebrovascular diseases, and further studies are warranted. J Dent Hlth 64: 2-9, 2014


The melting temperatures of smelting reduction slag having the compositions of CaO-MgO-FeOAl2O3-SiO2-P2O5 with basicity(mass ratio of CaO to Al2O3) ranging from 0. 8 to 1. 4,Al2O3 ranging from 6. 4% to12. 4,P2O5 ranging 0% to 3% and the content of MgO,FeO fixed as 4%,12% respectively,which represent the characteristic process conditions of Huimin high-phosphorus iron smelted by smelting reduction,were measured using IST-1600PC Melting Temperature Measuring Apparatus. The test results showed that the effect of slag basicity on melting temperature tended to be consistent,the melting temperature firstly decreased and then increased with increasing slag basicity at a fixed P2O5 or Al2O3content,and the minimum values were reached which was proportional to the content of P2O5 or Al2O3 as slag basicity was 1. 0;the melting temperature values appeared to have an inflection point at a fixed slag basicity or P2O5content;the melting temperature increased with increasing P2O5 content at a fixed slag basicity or Al2O3.


Extraction of uranium (Ⅵ) from nitric acid solutions with DMPHL/TBP in a series of diluents is studied. Dependence of the extraction distribution ratios on the concentrations of aqueous nitric acid, extractant, salting-out agent and temperature is investigated. The results of the experiment show that the extracting capacity of DMPHL/TBP in different diluents in the following order: chloroform, CCl4, kerosene, hexane, and benzene. The interaction between the extractants or extracted complexes and diluents is discussed.


"The main objective of the research consists in the determination of the mechanical behavior of a customized implant that is dynamically stressed, especially the way the implant takes external loadings, as well as its influence on the adjacent areas that are destroyed, in close connection with the shape of the implant (solid or perforated) and the type of biomaterial the implant is made from (metallic or non-metallic). The assessment of such a hypothetic situation has been considered in order to determine which material is adequate to be used for the manufacturing of the implant and to determine also if some shape modifications are required to be realized in such a way that the impact shock will be much better resisted and the effect of the impact will be diminished especially in the vital areas, where the implant is in contact with. Such a complex analysis can be realized since the virtual generation of the medical implant, by conceiving different virtual models within the design stage and by performing complex analysis by the using finite element method as well. Our studies showed that the stress state of the assembly components is strongly influenced by the type of material from which the implant is manufactured, The decrease of the implant stiffness by realizing some perforations leads to an increase of the stress state of the implant simultaneous with a decrease of the stress level that is transmitted to the surrounding structures, the implants made from PMMA material have isolating properties superior as compared to the ones of the metallic material. "


Objectives: The expression pattern of cytochrome P450 genes (CYPs) affected by tumorigenesis may have an important role in the progression of cancer and in the metabolism of anticancer drugs. The aim of the present study was to determine the mRNA expression pattern of two cytochrome P450 genes (CYP3A4, and CYP3A5) in breast cancer patients. Methods: Tumor samples were collected from 38 patients recently diagnosed with breast cancer along with corresponding non-malignant tissues. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to quantify the levels of gene expression in all the samples. The association between CYPs expression and clinico-pathological parameters was also analyzed. Results: In the present study, our results showed that CYP3A5 gene expression was not significantly associated with breast cancer (p=0.14). Significant differences in CYP3A4 mRNA expression were observed between tumor tissue and the corresponding normal tissue (p<0.003). There was no statistical difference between CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 expression and clinical and pathological features. Conclusion: CYP3A4 expression has a potential role as a breast cancer prognosis marker. We conclude that increased expression levels of the examined CYP3A4 may promote breast cancer progression and also may associate with resistance to drug treatment by inactivation of anticancer drugs. Moreover, one potential therapeutic approach may be to block CYP3A4 function.


A moisture barrier layer with high density and uniformity is essential for increasing the lifespan of optoelectronic devices such as flexible organic solar cells, LEDs, and photodetectors. In this study, various surface pre-treatments (O2 plasma, UVO treatment, Al seed layer, and thermal annealing process) were performed on a polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) film to form a functional group of chemical adsorption with the atomic layer deposition (ALD) precursor. We investigated the effect of the surface pre-treatment of a PEN substrate for a deposition of Al2O3 thin film in terms of the deposition uniformity and water vapor transmittance rate (WVTR). For example, the root mean square roughness of the bare PEN film/Al2O3 was RRMS=3.26 nm, whereas the O2 plasma treated PEN film/Al2O3 had RRMS=0.99 nm because of the presence of a functional group. As a result, WVTR of bare PEN film/Al2O3 was 0.83 g/m²/day, whereas that of O2 plasma treated PEN film/Al2O3 decreased to 0.38 g/m²/day.


The liner of a carbon fiber fully reinforced composite tank with thermoplastic liner (type IV) works in a hydrogen environment with varying temperature and pressure profiles. The ageing performance of the thermoplastic liner may affect hydrogen permeability and the consequent storage capacity, degrade the mechanical properties, and even increase the leakage risks of type IV tanks. In this paper, both testing procedures and evaluation parameters of an ageing test in a hydrogen environment required in several standards are compared and analyzed. Hydrogen static exposure in a high-temperature condition with a constant temperature and pressure is suggested to be a reasonable way to accelerate the ageing reaction of thermoplastic materials. A total of 192 h is considered a superior ageing test duration to balance the test economy and safety. The ageing test temperature in the high-temperature condition is suggested as no lower than 85 °C, while the upper limit of test pressure is suggested to be 1.25 NWP. In addition, the hydrogen permeation coefficient and mechanical properties are recognized as important parameters in ageing performance evaluation. Considering the actual service conditions, the influence of temperature/pressure cycling, depressurization rate, and humidity on the ageing performance of thermoplastics in hydrogen are advised to be investigated experimentally.


There is paucity of research in the country on resource provisioning to schools in the form of PPE's. This article investigated the educator's perceptions on the supply of PPE's and compliance with COVID-19 safety protocols in Soshanguve secondary schools as measures to mitigate against the pandemic. In South Africa, education authorities implemented the standard operating procedure (SOP) as a disaster management tool for the prevention, containment and management of the COVID-19 in schools. A qualitative approach was used and data was collected through semi-structured interviews. The snowball sampling method was used for the selection of participants (n=10) comprising teachers from different schools. The results suggest that there is a rampant disregard by schools for the COVID-19 health safety guidelines due to multiple factors ranging from insufficient resources and urgency of the work. We concluded that the Department of Basic Education did not supply schools with adequate resources to deal with COVID-19 challenges.


As a new biometric, the Electroencephalogram (EEG) signal has the advantages of invisibility, non-clonability, and non-coercion compare to traditional biometrics. However, the real-time and stability are the difficulties that the current EEG-based person authentication systems face. In this paper, we design a real-time and stable person authentication system using EEG signals, which are elicited by self- and non-self-face rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP). Convolutional neural network (CNN) is applied to dig the specific feature of different individuals. The mean accuracy of 85.03% and 91.27% is achieved with the login time of 3 seconds and 6 seconds respectively, which illustrates the precision and real-time of the system.


A survey for magnetic fields among a magnitude-limited sample of DA white dwarfs has identified two stars with weak circular polarization features across the profiles of H(alpha) and H(beta) WD 1350-090 (LP 907-037) was found to have a disk-averaged longitudinal field component B(sub e) = +85 +/- 9 kG at one epoch, while WD 0009+501 (G 217-037) has been measured on several occasions at values between B(sub e) approximately 0 and nearly -100 kG. The latter results imply an oblique rotator with a period between 2 and 20 hr. Magnetism on white dwarfs has now been detected over more than four orders of magnitude in strength. Assuming flux conservation, the new discoveries imply organized field patterns near the end of the main-sequence phase of only approximately 10 G. However, the overall incidence of magnetism among white dwarfs remains low, with more than 90% of stars having fields below approximately 10 kG. There is tentative evidence from line profile analysis that WD 1350-090 is a high-mass object (M greater than 1 solar mass), but an accurate parallax and more thorough spectroscopic study are required.


HNF1A gene regulates liver‐specific genes, and genes that have a role in glucose metabolism, transport, and secretion of insulin. HNF1A gene mutations are frequently associated with type 2 diabetes. HNF1A protein has three domains: the dimerization domain, the DNA‐binding domain, and the trans‐activation domain. Some mutations in the dimerization or DNA‐binding domains have no influence on the normal allele, while others have dominant negative effects. The I27L, A98V, and S487N polymorphisms are common variants of the HNF1A gene; they have been found in T2D and non‐diabetic subjects.


In multivariate analysis, we often deal with situations involving several populations, such as discriminant analysis, where the assumption of equality of covariance matrices is usually assumed. Yet sometimes, this assumption is not adequate and several authors, such as Flury (1988), have studied models for common structure dispersion. One such basic common structure assumes that the k covariance matrices have different eigenvalues but identical eigenvectors, i.e., Σ i = βΛiβ , 1 ≤ i ≤ k , (1) where Λi are diagonal matrices, β is the orthogonal matrix of the common eigenvectors and Σ i is the covariance matrix of the i−th population. Model (1) was proposed in Flury (1984) and became known as the Common Principal Components (cpc) model. One more restrictive common structure dispersion, the proportionality model, assumes that the scatter matrices are equal up to a proportionality constant, i.e., Σ i = ρiΣ1 , for 1 ≤ i ≤ k and ρ1 = 1 . (2) In Flury (1988) a unified study of the maximum likelihood estimators under a cpc and the proportionality models is given and likelihood ratio tests for a hierarchy of models for the scatter structure is studied. Besides, under normality, Flury and Schmid (1992) investigated the asymptotic properties of the quadratic discrimination procedure under hierarchical models for the scatter matrices, that is, (i) arbitrary scatter matrices, (ii) common principal components, (iii) proportional scatter matrices and (iv) identical matrices. However, as it is well known, maximum likelihood estimators and likelihood ratio tests assuming normality of the data, as well as discrimination rules can be seriously affected by anomalous observations. In this talk, we survey the existing theory and methods for robust inference under the cpc model. Finally, since detecting outlying observations is an important step in any analysis, we will briefly discuss an approach based on agreggate measures adapted to the sample size by using a cross-validation method.


In work for warning of collisions of two и three ships the structure of the two-tier hybrid system of coordination which is built on the existent system of the binary coordination COLREGis offered in the situations of their dangerous rapprochement. In case of occurring of situation of dangerous rapprochement of two ships the first level is used, and the second level is used at dangerous rapprochement of three ships. In quality the first level in the hybrid system of coordination existing recommends COLREG. If there is the situation of dangerous rapprochement of two ships cooperation which is determined by a binary coordinator and as a result of which ships execute the general maneuver of divergence takes place. At first level a coordinator analyses relative position of ships which are dangerously drawn together, takes into account their statuses and addresses them coordinating signals. These signals specify mutual duties to each of ships, in obedience to which ships choose strategy of divergence, when it is required that first from ships kept the parameters of motion, and the second ship conducted the maneuver of divergence, or both ships coordinated execute the maneuvers of divergence. In the situation of dangerous rapprochement of three ships it is suggested to form the second level of the hybrid system of coordination as follows. At presence of three ships which are dangerously drawn together, additionally there are situation indignations which in general case can take on a value from 0 to 2. The second level of the hybrid system of coordination, which for such situation of rapprochement forms the additional signals of coordination also, is therefore used. A coordinator addresses to the base ship the signals of coordination, which determine his conduct in relation to the second and third ships, that his type of maneuver of divergence is determined. If the signals of coordination in relation to both ships coincide and require yielding, a base ship must concede a way to the ships, with which cooperates, by the Судовождение (Shipping & Navigation) 104 maneuver of divergence general for both ships or two successive maneuvers for each of them. In time, when the signals of coordination require from a base ship to keep unchanging a course and speed after the relation of both ships, a base ship executes this requirement on condition that both targets execute the foreseen maneuvers of deviation. A numeral example is resulted in completion of the article.


The computational resources available to us only allowed for two-dimensional simulations. In principle, 3D calculations are possible with the COMSOL Multiphysics package. However, the results depended on the details of the meshing at all mesh sizes which we could afford. Because of the 2D nature of the simulation, the geometry corresponds to adsorbed cylinders, rather than spheres. The cylinders may either be oriented perpendicular (Fig. 4a-c) or parallel (Fig. 4d) to the direction of flow. We did not study inclined orientations. When comparing experimental results and modeling results, we use arithmetic averages calculated for perpendicular and for parallel direction of flow.


Objective:To observe the protective effect of oxymatrine(OMT)against chronic cardiotoxicity induced by adriamy- cin(ADR).Methods:Twenty six rabbits were randomly devided into four groups.The ADR group(n=8)were injected with ADR (2mg/kg)via auricular vein once a week for 8 weeks to induce chronic heart injury.The ADR+OMT group(n=8)received intrave- neous injection of OMT 10mg/kg at 30 min before administration of ADR.The normal saline group(n=5)received the same volume of 0.9% saline alone and the OMT group(n=5)received intraveneous injection of OMT alone.Before administration and 3 weeks after drug therapy,a catheter was advanced through left carotid artery and left ventricle to measure heart rate(HR),left ventricular systolic pressure(LVSP),left ventricular end-diastolic pressure(LVEDP),and left ventricular injection fraction(LVEF).The serum was co- llected for determination of the activities of lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)and creatine kinase isoenzyme MB(CK-MB).The myocardial ultrastructure changes were observed by electron microscropy at 3 weeks after drug therapy.Results:Compared with ADR+OMT group,both LVSP and LVEF in ADR group were signi-ficantly decreased,but LVEDP and the activities of LDH and CK-MB were sig- nificantly increased.The difference between the two groups was significant.Pathological examination demonstrated the more severer da- mage of the myocardial uhrastructure in ADR group than ADR+OMT group.No adverse reaction and pathological changes were ob- served in OMT group.Conclusion:Oxymatrine protects heart against adriamycin-induced injury in rabbits.


Module identification plays an important role in modular design and mass customization.In order to further extend the quantitative methodology for product modularization,an approach to product granulation based on the theory of fuzzy quotient space was proposed.The traditional product modularization based on the relativity analysis was translated into the product granulation by introducing the granular computing method,and the product granulation was analyzed by the theory of fuzzy quotient space.The product granular space was established based on the normalized distance and the integrated fuzzy similarity relation,and the optimal granular layer was obtained using a two-stage optimization algorithm.Then the optimal modularization scheme was achieved.A case of the telescopic shuttle mechanism of automatic storage/retrieval machine was studied to illustrate the validity of the proposed method.This approach offers a new way of numerical analysis and evaluation for module identifying and optimizing,and the application result shows that the proposed method is feasible and rational,which can guide the product modularization process effectively.


The present invention relates to the intended absorbent core for use in absorbent products such as panty liners (3). Core (3) comprises an absorbent material and superabsorbent material. Core (3) has a first extending portion in the longitudinal direction, and the second extending portion in the lateral direction, provided with a, with the core (3) extends through the core (3), the first longitudinal It has a portion (I), and a second longitudinal portion (II), a longitudinal centerline which is located between the (a). First and second longitudinal portions (I, II) is symmetrical about a longitudinal center line (A). Core (3) extends in the longitudinal direction of the core (3), the front portion (a1), an intermediate portion (a2), and a rear portion (a3). Front section (a1) are in mirror image relationship, 'and a circular segment portion (11, 11 first circular segment portions (11, 11') a first end line (13) transitions, includes a 13 '), the. The intermediate portion (a2) includes a first convex end are mirror images of the (15, 15 '). Rear portion (a3) includes a rear end and (T5), the angle (gamma) in the core (3) the center line of the second end line (17, 17 ') which is inclined tapering towards the (A) equipped with a.


Entomologists are a group well-acquainted with the concept of diversity. Genetic diversity is understood by all types of biologists as a necessary condition for population fitness and evolution. Given the universal nature of this understanding, it may strike some as curious that only recently is the positive impact of human diversity in industry, government, and academia being widely acknowledged, from evidence for enhanced innovation (Østergaard et al, 2011) to superior business performance (Slater et al, 2008). Of course, there are many definitions of human population diversity—about as many definitions as there are conceivable demographic categories. In 2013, for example, Entomological Society of America members claimed 38 different areas of employment and six different ethnicities, with over 1,000 members' ethnicity listed as "unknown" in the database (ESA 2013). Over 3,000 members were listed in the database as male, over 1,200 listed as female, and over 1,500 members did not identify gender. Age is another way to look at demographics: 22% of members' ages were unknown, 17% were between 50-59 years old, 30% were under 40, and just about 6% were over 70. Members expressed interest in 35 different insect orders. Surely ESA is a rich population to engage in a dialogue on fostering diversity in our discipline. Visibility for the dialogue on diversity is what we as co-organizers of this symposium were seeking when we proposed the topic. We were energized by the outstanding scientists we were able to secure as speakers and gratified when it was accepted as one of six Program Symposia in the 2013 annual meeting. We feel strongly that it is important for entomology students and young professionals to be able to identify role models at all levels in the society and in their professions who share their cultural, ethnic, and gender experiences. It is important that the diversity of entomology is represented in the awards that are given, officers elected, honors bestowed, and employees hired. It was our goal for the symposium, therefore, to highlight diverse role models who could speak to their status as minorities in the science and scientific society and also emphasize positive steps we can take to ensure diversity and strengthen ESA for the future.


Early detection and quantification of tumour growth would help clinicians to prescribe more accurate treatments and provide better surgical planning. However, the multifactorial and heterogeneous nature of lung tumour progression hampers identification of growth patterns. In this study, we present a novel method based on a deep hierarchical generative and probabilistic framework that, according to radiological guidelines, predicts tumour growth, quantifies its size and provides a semantic appearance of the future nodule. Unlike previous deterministic solutions, the generative characteristic of our approach also allows us to estimate the uncertainty in the predictions, especially important for complex and doubtful cases. Results of evaluating this method on an independent test set reported a tumour growth balanced accuracy of 74%, a tumour growth size MAE of 1.77 mm and a tumour segmentation Dice score of 78%. These surpassed the performances of equivalent deterministic and alternative generative solutions (i.e. probabilistic U-Net, Bayesian test dropout and Pix2Pix GAN) confirming the suitability of our approach.


Quasi interactive video material has proved to be a very effective teaching tool for first year electronic classes at RMIT University and has been the subject of a previous ASEE paper and presentation [1] . Quasi interactive video material at RMIT is offered as an addition to and not instead of regular lecture classes and takes its name from the fact that lectures are not merely filmed but the videos are scripted, filmed and produced in a manner that makes the student feel that he or she is actively engaging with the presenter. Building on the success of the quasi interactive videos for first year lecture classes and in an effort to overcome many of the problems associated with laboratory instruction, the authors set out to undertake a pilot project to see if quasi interactive video could also be introduced to aid student learning in the traditionally challenging area of laboratory teaching. This paper outlines the pilot approach taken and the rationale for lab video production. It also explains the lab structure and the video production methods used. Feedback was sought from students and laboratory instructors and this is discussed. Finally the paper outlines the many benefits and advantages in producing a test series of quasi interactive videos to supplement laboratory teaching in first year electronics, which include more uniform quality and consistency across all lab sections, as well as the opportunities for use in distance education.


Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. Mechanosensitive wide-dynamic-range spinal neurons differentially integrate thermal noxious information applied using a hot or cold micro-Peltier device.


The distribution of hexavalent chromium in the weathering slag was studied, as well as the influenced factors of aqueous agent leaching chromium. Results showed an optimal leaching condition: the chromium particle size is 100~200 mesh, the liquid-solid ratio is 25:1, the leaching time is 4~8h. Enhanced temperature and reduced pH value are benefit to hexavalent chromium leaching. Considering the equipment corrosion of low pH, the optimal pH value is 3~4.


T he hypothesis of this cross-sectional study is that an unbalanced reward system (increased volume of thalamus and decreased volume of anterior cingulate function) would reinforce impulsive or addictive behavior and influence persons who played extended periods of time to become either progamers (PG) or patients with online game addiction (POGA). The Internet or video game addiction problem is significant in the developed countries, as several recent studies have suggested that Internet or video game addiction can be considered as a ''psychiatric disorder'' (Grant, Potenza, Weinstein, & Gorelick, 2010) and recommended that it be considered one of the behavioral addictions. The goal of the study was to measure the volume of the gray matter in the left thalamus, inferior temporal gyrus, inferior occipital gyrus, temporal fusiform gyrus, and left cingulate gyrus of 20 POGA, 17 PG, and 18 healthy individuals (HI). After the approval of the research protocol by the Chung Ang University Hospital Institutional Review Board in South Korea, the researchers selected, with informed written consent, 20 POGA with mean age of 20.9 years, 17 PG with mean age of 20.8 years, and 18 HI with mean age of 20.9 years. The POGA group had the following characteristics: extensive game play time (more than 4 hours per day/30 hours per week), a score of more than 50 on the Young Internet Addiction Scale (YIAS), and impaired behaviors or distress because of a maladaptive pattern of Internet video game play. None of the POGA participants had Beck Depression Inventory scores of 919, other Axis I psychiatric disorders including substance abuse, and head injury or trauma history. Seven POGAs had been absent from school for more than 6 months because of online game playing, and two POGAs had lost their jobs because of frequent absences from work. The POGA group had higher YIAS scores than the PG and HI subjects. The selected PG were members of the Korea eSports Association, but they did not have impaired behaviors or distress because of the maladaptive pattern of online game play as the members of POGA group had. PGs used to play StarCraft, a very popular video game in South Korea, an average of 9.4 hours per day and use the Internet for an average of 11.6 hours per day. The HI group used to play video games less than 3 hours per day and less than 3 days per week. The Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-Korean version, with a Cronbach alpha coefficient of .82, was used for the assessment of impulsiveness in patients and subjects, and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test was used to assess the executive function involving strategic planning, organized searching, and the ability to use environmental feedback. MRI of the brain of the participants was performed on a 1.5-T Espree MRI scanner, and 3D T1-weighted magnetizationprepared rapid gradient echo data were collected. The voxelbased morphometry toolbox was used to process the images. The two-sample t test with SPM5 was used to perform voxelwise comparisons of gray matter volume between the groups. Relative to HI comparison subjects, the POGA group showed increased gray matter volume in the left thalamus and decreased gray matter volume in the right inferior temporal gyrus, right posterior cingulate gyrus, right middle occipital gyrus, left inferior occipital gyrus, left inferior occipital gyrus, right middle occipital gyrus, and left inferior temporal gyrus. Relative to HI comparison subjects, the PG group showed increased gray matter volume in left cingulate gyrus and decreased gray matter volume in left middle occipital gyrus and right inferior temporal gyrus. Compared with the POGA group, the PG group showed increased gray matter volume in left cingulate gyrus and decreased gray matter volume in left thalamus. The thalamus is a key target for the neurotransmitter dopamine and plays a major role in conditioned reinforcement and reward expectation (Sanchez-Gonzalez, Garcia-Cabezas, Rico, & Cavada, 2005). The researchers found that the gray matter volume of left cingulate gyrus in POGA and PG groups was negatively correlated with the scores of YIAS. Similarly, the gray matter volume of thalamus in POGA and PG groups was positively correlated with the score of YIAS. The results of the study aid in explaining the correlation between Internet game addiction and the volume of gray matter in the thalamus and left cingulate gyrus. As it is a cross-sectional study, it is difficult to say whether the increase in gray matter volume of the thalamus and decrease in gray matter volume of the left cingulate gyrus caused the Internet game addiction in those individuals or the addiction occurred first and caused the changes in the gray matter volumes Rameshwar Thapa, BSN, RN, and Susan Nyamapfumba, BSN, RN, University of Texas at Arlington College of Nursing. The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the writing and content of the article. Correspondence related to content to: Diane Snow, PhD, RN, PMHNPBC, CARN, FAANP, Clinical Faculty and Director, PMHNP Program, The University of Texas at Arlington College of Nursing, PO Box 19407, Arlington, TX 76019-0407. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com DOI: 10.1097/JAN.0b013e318279de36


Objective: To summarize the different indexes most frequently used to evaluate the quality of diets, as well as the dietary assessment methods used for scoring, pointing out their advantages and disadvantages. Methods: We performed a literature search, with no date restriction, on primary indexed sources and in the databases SciELO, PubMed, Medline, Lilacs, Dedalus and ILSI Web of Knowledge. The keywords used were diet (ary) quality, diet (ary) patterns, diet quality index, Mediterranean diet and nutrition. Then, the cited references were reviewed, classifying the information by index. Results: The most widely indexes used are Diet Quality Index, Healthy Eating Index and Alternative Mediterranean Diet Score, using the food frequency questionnaire or a combination of the 24-hour recall and food (s) record (s). Conclusion: The determination of feeding patterns through indices is a relatively easy process; however, to have confidence in the results is necessary to know the biases that each index and instrument has, as well as its construction and punctuation


The total number of words that we have collected in the text of Tang Dynasty epitaphs is four million or so. Tang's epitaphs contain abundant cultural vocabularies, among which some are rooted from the former dynasties and some are formed in Tang Dynasty, while others are produced previously and then transferred or evolved in Tang Dynasty. This paper aims at researching Tang' epitaph expressions, hoping to summarizing their characteristics.


This article examines the gendered portrayals of religion in Scandinavian men's magazines. Based on verbal and visual material from Slitz, M!, and Mann, focusing on the years 1998 and 2008, the study asks how are gendered ideas of religion and religiosity constructed in Scandinavian men's magazines? and how can these constructions be interpreted, both in light of the specific contexts of the men's magazines and broader cultural notions of gender and religion? The findings show that the magazines construct gendered religious subjectivities: the "crazy religious girlfriend" in 1998, the sexualized Christian woman in 2008, and "the bad, patriarchal religious man," prevalent in both years. This article proposes that the constructions are shaped and informed by dominating cultural ideas of religion and gender, for example, informed by the construction of "the bad Muslim Man" and more specifically set into the gendered scripts on intimate relationships and violence characterizing the new lad discourse.


Georgina Drew and Ashok Gurung introduce this special issue on Everyday Religion, Sustainable Environments,
and New Directions in Himalayan Studies.


In this paper, the writer discusses about the collapse of Claudia's commitment no to have a baby in Baby Proof (2007) by Emily Giffin (1972). With an interesting story about a modern woman named Claudia who has a commitment not to have a baby, but she hopes to get a husband that has same thought with her about having a baby. When Claudia was in senior high school, she once was in a relationship with her schoolmate, Charlie. However, the desire to have a baby is the one of the reason to end their relationship. After a long time finding someone that has the same thought with her, finally Claudia met Ben. Claudia finds something in common with Ben who has the same thought about baby and also has a commitment not to have a baby. Although they are in a short time relationship, they had no doubt on getting married. Their life becomes very happy after the marriage although their marriage life is not tinted with the present of a baby. But the commitment of the couple only lasted for 2 years. Suddenly Ben wants to be a father and have a baby. It's not the same thought for Claudia who still holding onto her commitment not to have a baby, even she is willing to got divorced with Ben. With Claudia's sincere love to Ben, it makes her commitment not to have a baby is collapsed and finally she is ready to have a baby. In writing this paper, the writer use library research, by collecting data only from library and use intrinsict approach by collecting data from text. Universitas Sumatera Utara


Thank you very much for downloading automated multi camera surveillance algorithms and practice. As you may know, people have search hundreds times for their favorite books like this automated multi camera surveillance algorithms and practice, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some infectious virus inside their laptop.


This paper aims to reflect on the special issue that has collected studies by the research community in China pertinent to the country's recent developments in sustainability accounting, management and policy, as well as to suggest possible future avenues of studies.,This paper articulates the current status of researching sustainability accounting, management and policy in China that is instigated by the country's regulatory initiatives under its political economy. It highlights the papers accepted for the special issue, their areas of focus and the underlying characteristics.,It points out that the accepted research papers concentrate on issues related to corporate social responsibility disclosures, sustainability reporting and environmental management in China from the perspectives of the domestic stakeholders.,Future studies are likely to be increasingly interdisciplinary in nature and requires academia, policymakers and practitioners to make better collaborative efforts in researching about China's sustainability and the efficacy of their engagement with stakeholders.,Studies on alignment between China's further developments and UN's sustainable development goals (SDGs) are particularly considered desirable as the country continues its globalization initiatives. Education about sustainability accounting for the working professionals and their next generation is much needed for China in support of developing a more sustainable economy aligned with UN's SDGs.,Scholars in China actively developing their research interests in this field reflect critical thinking about the country's pursuit of sustainable development within a social-political economy that is dissimilar to the West. In the meantime, the country continues to develop into a significant stakeholder of the world's sustainability implying expectation of transparency in sustainability performance.,With reference to the review exercise conducted for the special issue, it suggests that there are surging interests in researching accountability for sustainability across the local and international communities to facilitate much needed knowledge exchange. The country and indigenous culture of China, as well as its institutions in relation to sustainability, would require much further exploration in our world under globalization.


BACKGROUND: Heterozygous mutation, gene insertion and gene deletion of Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) have been found to be important causes of cleidocranial dysostosis. However, there is a lack of studies on the changes of osteoblasts after Runx2 silencing and how to perform gene silencing. Runx2 MC3T3-E1 1977


WHEN we think of the current problem of infections in hospitals we become increasingly aware of our individual responsibility. Where do we fit into the complex pattern which somewhere along the course of events perpetuates the existence of the pathogens? How sincere are we in our efforts to stamp out these organisms which run rampant in the hospital setting, threatening an already vulnerable populace? Unless each of us (and this includes all personnel, medical, nursing, dietary, housekeeping, ancillary services, and visitors) sets out a plan whereby we identify approaches to a problem and rigorously adhere to principles based upon scientific fact, we cannot hope for a solution. Recognizing the need to examine some of our present practices, a number of department heads recommended to the hospital's executive committee that a hospital asepsis committee be formed. At first a small group met to discuss problems of asepsis. As questions arose and discussion continued, the committee recognized that more members were needed so that all aspects of a particular problem could be explored. Members are appointed by the hospital executive committee. They are individuals who are qualified to determine and recommend policies and who are most directly responsible for disseminating information and implementing suggestions in their respective departments. Presently the committee consists of 11 members who represent surgery, pathology, nursing, administration, obstetrics and gynecology, pediatrics, medicine, sanitation, the operating room, and the school of nursing. As the committee considers problems other persons are invited to attend the meetings. For example, if more detailed information is required about a particular situation, the person involved is invited to that meeting. While the committee meets officially once a month for one hour, this time is frequently extended until the business is completed. For discussion of immediate or emergency problems, special meetings have been called by the chairman. During the meeting an agenda prepared by the chairman is followed. This agenda is concerned with monthly reports of infections as well as those subjects suggested for discussion by committee members or those otherwise coming to the attention of the chairman. When


In this paper we present a novel solution to the problem of acoustic echo cancellation in the context of mobile communications. Traditionally, speech enhancement techniques in mobile networks are done in the transcoding unit operating on the uncoded signal. This means that the signal coming from the mobile terminals has to be decoded, enhanced and encoded again; these operations obviously introduce delays other than being computationally intensive and particularly prone to adding further quantization noise. The aim of this work is to reduce the computational costs and delays of this inherently suboptimal scheme; in order to do so, we transfer the acoustic echo cancellation operations to the coded domain by operating directly on the codec parameters.


Investigating long-term fatal corrosion of turquoise lead-potassium historic glass beads, we have detected micro and nano crystallites of orthorhombic KSbOSiO4 (KSS) in glass. We have come to conclusion that KSS precipitates and their clusters give rise to internal glass corrosion. K and Sb being glass dopants form KSS crystallites during glass melt cooling; tensile strain arising in the glass matrix during cooling gives rise to glass cracking and eventually to its rupture and formation of heterogeneous grains. The strain-induced diffusion of impurities, resembling internal gettering in the Si technology, explains changes in glass color. We have also detected Pb2Fe0.5Sb1.5O6.5 nano crystallites in stable yellow lead glass beads. The number density and the sizes of these crystallites are much less than those of the KSS crystallites in turquoise lead-potassium glass, they do not form large clusters; internal cracks also has not been observed in this glass. This may explain the stability of yellow lead glass. The study may be useful for predicting long-term stability of technical glasses as well as for synthesis of nano-KSS/glass composites.


A review of data on 548 patients with primary squamous cell carcinoma revealed that 24 (4.4%) had had gastrectomy. Although the interval of the gastrectomy due to peptic ulcer or gastric cancer and esophageal cancer was 13.4 ± 7.9 and 5.8 ± 4.2 years, respectively, this difference was thought to be due only to the occurrence of each disease. The incidence of the occurrence of the lower esophageal cancer after gastrectomy was 29.2%, not significantly higher than the 22.4% incidence of lower esophageal cancer in overall cases. Histopathological investigation of the 13 resected esophageal cancer tissues from gastrectomized patients revealed a mild esophagitis in some cases, with no significant histologic characteristics. Thus esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and previous gastrectomy may be incidentally related.


The article deals with the demographic changes of the rural population in Udmurtia during the Great Patriotic War. On the basis of archival materials, previously mainly unpublished, the author analyzes the rural population of Udmurtia in 1941-1945 and the factors which influenced its dynamics: military mobilization with the following demobilization partially started already during the war; migration of rural population to the cities or outside the republic for labor in the industry, transport and building (ongoing by learning in the factory training schools); administrative transformation of a number of rural settlements into the factory housing estate; evacuation and reevacuation; natural movement of population. The author concludes that war catastrophically influenced the demographic structure of rural population in Udmurtia and had a negative impact on the development of agriculture and the further reproduction processes.


The research put forward the concept of parasitic system for the first time and studied distribution rules of N, P and K nutrients of different soil areas and different plant tissues in the system along with changes in the tomato growth period, as well as relevance between rhizosphere soil and nutrient contents in different plant tissues. It is found in the results that when Orobanche aegyptiaca was parasitized in tomatoes and joined nutrient transmission via a certain channel, the nutrients in tomato rhizosphere soil would firstly be transported into aboveground parts and Orobanche aegyptiaca by its transfusion tissue; content changes of rapidly-available N, P and K in Orobanche aegyptiaca rhizosphere soil, tomato rhizosphere soil and non-rhizosphere soil showed certain highlow complementarity; content changing trends of N, P and K in different organs of tomatoes and Orobanche aegyptiaca had certain relations, but would differ along with variation of tomato growth period; contents of rapidly-available N and K in Orobanche aegyptiaca rhizosphere soil showed significant correlation with total contents of N and K in organs of tomato and Orobanche aegyptiaca.


Recently I participated in a panel discussion that began with the question, "Who was the most important teacher in your life?" The panel members took turns remembering grade school teachers who gave them whatever encouragement they needed to outgrow the confines of the place from which they started. Since there were about a dozen of us on the panel, not everyone had a chance to answer before we moved on to another question. But in the moments while I wondered if I would be called upon, I thought about my childhood teachers. I vividly remembered the grade school teacher who shook me vigorously by the shoulders whenever I was late for school and the one who tried (and failed) to make me into a right-hander. None of them filled the bill as the one who had had the deepest influence on my life. If I had been asked to respond, I would have to say that the teacher who most influenced me was Larry Cremin.


In one embodiment, the present invention includes a method of receiving a direct memory input / output (I / O) hub access (DMA) operation request, wherein the request comprises a device associated with the virtual DMA operation address (DVA); DVA determining whether to perform the conversion to physical address (PA) in the address translation I / O hub, and if the I / O hub determines not to perform address translation, then the request along with the DVA sent from the I / O hub to the processor and I / O hub coupled. Other embodiments may also be described and claimed embodiment.


The acute toxicity effects of Cu,Zn,Hg,Cr irons on Bellamya quadrata were studied in this paper. The median lethal concentrations(LC50)and safety concentrations(SC)of four heavy metal ions had been worked out. The results showed that the 96h median lethal concentrations were 0.043 0,1.330 1,0.139 0, 3.627 5 mg/L,respectively. According to the empirical equation,the safe concentrations were 0.004 3, 0.133 0,0.013 9,0.362 8 mg/L,respectively. The order of strength of toxicities among these heavy metal ions was: CuHgZnCr.


| 2020 | 1 seizure, and both may be associated with increased intracranial pressure. We therefore point out some differences between these two scenarios to help with the decision‐making process. Although fever is usually noted in CNS infections, it is infrequent in lead encephalopathy. In contrast, lead encephalopathy may be accompanied with loss of memory and disturbances in attention, processing, visual‐spatial capabilities, and cognitive and behavioral problems that are not typically seen with CNS infections.[4]


We investigated the effects on barley plant after exposure to abiotic stress (water shortage) during early stages of plant development. The measurments and parallel analysis has been conducted about relative water content (RWC), the mass of the whole plant, leaf mass, root percentage, total root length and length of root fractions with plants exposed to stress (water defficit) and with plants which were not exposed to water defficit on 10 cultivars of winter barley. The experiment was set as two-factorriel glasshouse test on Institute for Adriatic crops and karst reclamation in Split, in three repetitions with completely randomised block spread with genotype and water stress as main factors. Average RWC measured under non-stress conditions was 97.5%, and 66.1% of RWC measured under stress. The average leaf mass in 10 cultivars measured under non-stress conditions was 174.9 mg, and 132.4 mg under stress with the whole plant mass of 238.6 mg under non-stress and 177.4 mg measured under the stress. The average root mass measured under non-stress was 63.7 mg, and 44.9 mg under the stress. The complete root length measured under non-stress was 770.65 cm, and 647.3 cm under stress. Average difference between stressful and non-stressful conditions with given factors totaled as follows: plant mass 61.2 mg, leaf mass 42.5 mg, RWC 31.4%, root mass 18.5 mg and total root length of 129 cm. Significant difference occured, between varieties bred under stressful and non-stressful conditions, in factors concerning leaf mass, plant mass, root mass and total root length.


The present invention provides a capable (meth) acrylate composition which also cured non-irradiated portion does not reach the light. Having a vinyl group in the molecule, and (molecular weight / vinyl group number) and to the value contained 300 or less compounds, initiating a thermal polymerization reaction using the reaction heat generated during the photopolymerization reaction of (meth) acrylate composition It was constructed.


SUMMARY The paper describes some res%& concerning silicon detectors used in physics raearch, industrial and medical radiOgraPy and nm-dcshucfive Devices manufactured under.this technolw proved to be stable afler an exposure in high intensiw gamma jeld with the dose range of 10 krad-5 Mrad. Nuclwr irradiation with 6oCogamma source (L17, 1.33 MeV) at


Hctcrojunction Bipolar Transistors (HBTs) arc linearity, and high efficiency applications. As widcspr~d, their operation will bc viewed with increasingly employed in high frequency, high the utili Zat ion of these devices becomes more more scrutiny. Advances are being made in the growth of hetcrojunctions and other structures conducive to the development of I113Ts. improvements in performance. arc expected in the near future, but at this point in the development of HIIT technology, it appears appropriate to survey the present condition of the technology.


The criminal liability of Government members is a fairly broad subject. Through this article we have tried to summarize some aspects from a constitutional point of view in the sense of concretely illustrating the sanctions imposed to the members of the Government in case of criminal liability.   How to cite: Nemtoi, G. (2016). The criminal liability of the members of the government. European Journal of Law and Public Administration, 3(2), 45-52. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18662/eljpa/2016.0302.05 Â


Atomic-absorption spectroscopy is reviewed as an analytical technique. The effect of recent instrumental advances on analytical procedures is reported. It is now possible to determine every metal and semimetal for which lamps have been made. Analytical procedures by atomic absorption are generalized and limitations of the technique stated. The various instrumental techniques for metal analysis are compared to show for what purposes atomic absorption is useful. Applications in various analytical fields are mentioned briefly.


One to 5.6 μM DCPA (dimethyl tetrachloroterephthalate) inhibited oat (Avena sativa L. 'Victory') root growth within 12 to 18 h. Treated roots were severely stunted and swollen. An analysis of cell division in roots treated with DCPA revealed a disruption of normal mitosis after prophase. Metaphase, anaphase, and telophase division figures were absent 8 to 10 h after treatment with 5.6 μM DCPA. In contrast, a 24-h treatment with 5.6 μM DCPA was necessary to eliminate prophase division figures. The number of aberrant division figures increased concomitantly with the reduction in normal division figures. The predominant type of aberrant division figure was a condensed prophase. When the aberrant division cycle was completed and cells entered interphase, the dispersed chromosomes coalesced to form large, polymorphic nuclei and, occasionally, micronuclei. Approximately 60% of the outer four tiers of cells in roots treated with 5.6 μM DCPA developed abnormal cell walls. These data suggest that DCPA causes root growth inhibition by disrupting several processes involving organized microtubules.


Riau is a wealthy region where physical development appears everywhere. However, many people are marginalized and neglected by this development. Due to this fact, most Riau Malay people tend to have negative prejudice and not accept the presence of foreign immigrants, including Indonesian Chinese. However, Olyrinson can blend in with the local community through his work, which often raises topics about humanity and his real-life. Using a three-dimensional framework of Fairclough (1989; 1992a; 1992b; 1995a; and 1995b), this study critically explores the various efforts made by Olyrinson in the short story "Jalan Sumur Mati" to defend his existence by changing prejudices. In this case, the author analyzes relevant texts and explores dialectical relationships between literary works and other social practice elements, which will be presented through textual analysis, discourse practice, and social practice.


By Sunimalee Madurawala As a relatively new industry in Sri Lanka, the apparel industry has played an important role in the economy as a major income source and an avenue for creating employment opportunities, especially for women, over the last few decades. It has also created a global brand name for the country, positioning Sri Lanka's name at a prestigious level for high quality garment products. The Sri Lankan apparel industry which operates in a highly competitive global market, mostly employs female workers.


Until now, the analysis of dreams has dealt almost exclusively with their contents and has been concerned with an attempt to extract all their meaning from the images which appear in them. As is well known, the incorporation into science of the analysis of dreams began with Freud, who, upon discovering a basic hypothesis or subject, quickly arrived at a kind of metaphysics of which dreams are the manifestation: the libido, which is, in essence, desire. But, in dealing with the phenomenon of dreams as a part of human life, one must first study their form: the form of the dream, first of all; later, the species of dreams, if such species exist. One must, that is, arrive at a phenomenology of the dream and of dreams. Such a phenomenology does not exhaust the study of dreams; it is simply a first approach to knowledge of dreams, an introduction.


A specimen of slender goby Gobius geniporus Valenciennes, 1837 was caught on 21 February 2021, from the Syrian coast at a depth of 13 m. This specimen measured 87 mm in total length and weighed 6.89 g. The present finding represents the first record of G. geniporus from the Syrian coast and confirms the species occurrence in the Levant Basin, eastern region from the Mediterranean Sea.


Many fouling tests employ an analysis of the change in heat transfer and thermal resistance to monitor fouling quantitatively. This approach is based on the assumption of momentary steady state. A mathematical analysis considering the validity of this steady state approach is described for three sets of boundary conditions commonly employed in fouling tests, and criteria for when the results are reliable are presented. An example of how ageing can affect the validity of the steady state approach is also presented. A short survey of experimental studies of fouling presented in the literature shows that gas-side particulate fouling is likely to contravene the reliability criteria, indicating that non-thermal methods should be used to study this phenomenon. INTRODUCTION Accurate measurement of fouling layer growth with time is important for both academic studies, such as investigating fouling mechanisms, and for industrial practice, such as determining the extent of fouling and elucidating process problems. One experimental methodology in common use is to monitor heat transfer performance and relate the change in overall heat transfer coefficient, U, to the thermal resistance of the fouling layer, Rf, via


This paper deals with the operational issues of a two-echelon supply chain under linear demand function for each buyer. The operational parameters to the model are sales price and transportation quantity that determine the channel cost of the supply chain transportation. To find out the optimal price and the optimal transportation quantity, for each buyer from several suppliers, a mathematical model is formulated. For using the genetic algorithm, the formulated model is modified and then the best value of the parameters is derived. Finally, anumerical example is given to illustrate the model.


Castellated beams are broadly output from standard rolled sections, especially in (I) or (H) beam sections, and they are considered as a type of steel members with good properties. From another side, the corrugated web in beam especially trapezoidal pattern was utilized to get an improved beam strength against the shear buckling rupture, Besides, there is an advantage of stability for buckling over a plain web beam. In this paper, an experimental study has been carried out on four beams with the same length (1.7m) under one point load at mid-span. This work deals with two castellated beams with corrugated webs with and without lateral stiffeners and it had the same step length for corrugation and castellation profile. The significant variable for castellated-corrugated web beams is a total height of beams. The ultimate load capacity of castellated-corrugated web beams compared with the plain and corrugated web beams. The results showed that the load capacity of castellated-corrugated web beams without and with lateral stiffeners less than that found in flat and corrugated web beams with (23.7% and 39.4%) and (13.2% and 31.03%). The mode of failure has noticed combined between web post-buckling and flange buckling.


Water treatment and valve control systems and apparatuses, and methods of using the same, are disclosed. In some examples, the apparatuses, systems, and methods include use of a rotary position sensor and one or more rotatable elements configured to, when moving from an initial rotational position to subsequent rotational positions, move one or more element of a valve assembly. In various examples of the apparatuses, systems, and methods, the rotatable element rotates directly from one rotational position to another rotational position. In certain examples, the rotary position sensor measures an electrical resistance value to detect the rotational position of the rotatable element.


Measurements have been made of the Raman spectra of silicon implanted with either 11B or 10B and subsequently thermally annealed. These measurements, taken with an argon‐ion laser operating at 514.5 nm and at room temperature, revealed the presence of an intrinsic two‐phonon combination band underlying the 11B local mode. The coincidence of these two spectral features complicates the analysis of the annealing process as diagnosed on the basis of the Raman spectrum. The use of the 10B isotope, and its spectra, minimizes ambiguities in interpretation of the spectra of ion‐implanted silicon. A reexamination of the earlier annealing studies of Engstrom and Bates is suggested on the basis of the present results.


RNA interference (RNAi) is the major innate antiviral pathway in Aedes aegypti that responds to replicating arboviruses such as dengue virus (DENV) and Sindbis virus (SINV). On the one hand, the mosquito's RNAi machinery is capable of completely eliminating DENV2 from Ae. aegypti. On the other, transient silencing of key genes of the RNAi pathway increases replication of SINV and DENV2, allowing the viruses to temporally overcome dose‐dependent midgut infection and midgut escape barriers (MEB) more efficiently. Here we expressed Flock house virus B2 (FHV‐B2) from the poly‐ubiquitin (PUb) promoter in Ae. aegypti using the ΦC31 site‐directed recombination system to investigate the impact of transgene‐mediated RNAi pathway suppression on infections with SINV‐TR339eGFP and DENV2‐QR94, the latter of which has been shown to be confronted with a strong MEB in Ae. aegypti. FHV‐B2 was constitutively expressed in midguts of sugar‐ and blood‐fed mosquitoes of transgenic line PUbB2 P61. B2 over‐expression suppressed RNA silencing of carboxypeptidase A‐1 (AeCPA‐1) in midgut tissue of PUbB2 P61 mosquitoes. Following oral challenge with SINV‐TR339eGFP or DENV2‐QR94, mean titres in midguts of PUbB2 P61 females were significantly higher at 7 days post‐bloodmeal (pbm) than in those of nontransgenic control mosquitoes. At 14 days pbm, infection rates of carcasses were significantly increased in PubB2 P61 mosquitoes infected with SINV‐TR339eGFP. Following infection with DENV2‐QR94, midgut infection rates were significantly increased in the B2‐expressing mosquitoes at 14 days pbm. However, B2 expression in PUbB2 P61 did not increase the DENV2‐QR94 dissemination rate, indicating that the infection phenotype was not primarily controlled by RNAi.


The End of the Church offers an account of the church's disunity in light of the sanctifying economy of the Holy Spirit, the latter viewed as an agent of divine judgment. While not inaccurate, such a summary is hardly more informative than the speedreader 's condensed version of WarandPeace as imagined by Woody Allen: "It's about Russia." Like a novel dense with interesting characters and unpredictable tums of plot, Radner's extraordinary theology of Spirit and church virtually defies paraphrase. The reviewer is left grasping for analogies to convey some sense of a difficult but powerful work. Let me sin boldly, then: I am tempted to say the elosest thing to TheEndof theChurch in the modem theological canon is the second, revolution-making edition of Barth's Epistle to theRomans. I can think of three reasons that might justify this outrageous comparison: 1) Like Barth's Romans, Radner's book announces a crisis. It is not the religious crisis


To solve the problem that amount of computation is too large when the distance between the multi-attribute data sample and the center of the class is calculated using Euclidean distance function in fuzzy C-means(FCM) clustering algorithm,an FCM clustering algorithm based on attribute reduction is proposed.In the proposed algorithm,first,attributes of the initial data are reduced based on the rough set theory,and the redundant values of data objects are eliminated;and then fuzzy clustering is carried out on the reduction attribute sets.Experimental results show that the amount of computation of the distance function of FCM algorithm is effectively reduced in the algorithm,and the efficiency of the implementation of FCM algorithm is improved without reducing the prosion of clustering.


The anamorph of aphioslama iPs has been suggested to have both sympodial and phialidic co- nidium development. The phialidic form has conse- quently been referred to as Acremonium-like and the sympodial form as a species of Hyalorhinocladiella. The aim of this study was to determine the mode of co- nidium development and consequently the identity of the anamorph of aphiosloma iPs. Light microscopy clearly indicated that sympodial proliferation oc- curred during conidiogcnesis. However, using scan- ning electron microscopy, conidiogenous cells were found to be annellidic. This was confirmed using trans- mission electron microscopy where distinct anneIJa- tions could be distinguished on conidiogenous cells. \\le conclude that conidium development in the ana-


The research of spatial-temporal differentiation and mechanism of land-use/cover change(LUCC) is fundamental in landscape change science.In this research,the Haidian and Yanqing Districts of Beijing were taken as the study area,and the TM/ETM image of 1992 and 2002 were used as data source.The data were analyzed by transfer matrix and multiple linear regression to reveal the spatial-temporal changes and the mechanism of LUCC.Results indicated that: ① From1992 to 2002,urban built-up area in Haidian expanded much faster than that in Yanqing and the structure of urban land in Haidian changed intensively;Agricultural land in Yanqing decreased much less than that in Haidian and the structure of agricultural land in Yanqing changed obviously.Urban land in Haidian started to change into woodland,which was not detected in Yanqing.② From 1992 to 2002,the main external driving forces of LUCC in Haidian were population growth,new technology blooming,real estate development and new urban planning policy of Beijing;The most important internal factor of Haidian was the former land-use.The main external driving forces of LUCC in Yanqing were the growth of nonagricultural population,the development of tourism,the adjustment of agricultural structure and the ecological development of Beijing.The most important internal factors of Yanqing is terrain.③ LUCC was mainly policy driven in Haidian and economy development driven in Yanqing.


After ten years of a democratic education system in South Africa , the demographic realities should be better understood in educational planning. The fragmented nature of the predemocratic education system has led to undesirable perceptions about quality education and has subsequently influenced the demographic imperatives present in the South African school system of today. Further investigation is needed to understand the complexities of learner numbers and enhanced consideration of the components and elements of the concept of demography in educational planning is necessary. Keywords : demography, determinant, educational planning, education system, educational policies, post provision, quartiles South African Journal of Education Vol. 26(2) 2006: 295–304


The first variation of the total mass of log-concave functions was studied by Colesanti and Fragala, which includes the mixed volume of convex bodies. Using Colesanti and Fragala's first variation formula, we define the geominimal surface area for log-concave functions, and its related affine isoperimetric inequality is also established.


A substantial proportion of adolescent and young adult cancer survivors experience persistent emotional distress, but little research has evaluated psychological interventions in this population. Metacognitive therapy (MCT), a transdiagnostic intervention, is an effective treatment for depression and a range of anxiety disorders in mental health settings, but its efficacy in cancer populations is unknown. This study used an AB design with 6-month follow-up to evaluate the potential efficacy of MCT for reducing symptoms of depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress in a young adult female survivor of adolescent leukemia. Clinician-rated and self-report measures demonstrated large, clinically meaningful, improvements on all outcome measures over seven treatment sessions, and these gains were maintained at 6-month follow-up. The case study demonstrates the potential applicability of MCT to treating emotional distress in young adult survivors of childhood cancer.


In this paper, a control strategy of the three phase ZVT inverter for ac motor drives is proposed. The topology of ZVT inverter analyzed with a description of the control conditions dependent on the load current and MSVN(Modified Space Vector Modulation). The detailed simulation results indicate that zero-voltage operation during transition of the MSVM algorithm can be achieved.


In this paper, a new approach for lubricating oil performance is assessed as an index by considering its pertinent properties and their interaction, modeled in terms of lubricating oil performance signed digraph (LOPSD). Its equivalent matrix is defined to obtain lubricating oil performance function. Numerical value of the function is called lubricating oil performance index (LOPI) and is a measure of lubricating oil performance and its residual life at a given time. This is obtained by substituting results of the identified oil tests.Copyright © 2005 by ASME


In order to understand the rice transplanting machine, artificial transplanting and artificial t hrowing-seedling three different ways of rice yield transplanting to influence for the promotion of science, planting methods provide theory basis. NongJiJu county by three different ways in adjacent rice transplanting planting the same rice varieties, each 1 mu of the same management, observe the growth situation, tracking the growth process, statistical data, and the harvest, the respective yield comparison analysis. Eventually get rice transplanting machine per 565.5 kg, artificial transplanting the per 530.1 kg, 524.1 kg per artificial t hrowing-seedling, rice transplanting machine per 6.68% higher than transplanting artificially high, artificial t hrowing-seedling 7.9% higher than the per. Rice transplanting machine, we should promote the highest per encourage farmers to joint purchase transplanter, promoting scientific method, improve the mechanization of transplanting rice production.


The electrochemical proprerties in thionine-iron systems were investigated. The positive electrolyte solution was prepared with ferrous sulfate and ferric sulfate, the cathode was adopted with the thionine solution, and the sodium sulfate solution was the supporting electrolyte. The pH of these systems was adjusted with certain concentration of sulphuric acid. The results of the cyclic voltammetry in different concentrations of the cathode electrolyte solution show that the thionine couple is reversible to a certain extent. The results of constant current charge and discharge in the homemade battery show that the charge and discharge capacity in the thionine- iron system is low, and the utilization rate of the battery is raised in the certain extent.


The multimedia intelligent tutoring system for Chinese characters (CMITS) developed by us is a kind of microcomputer-oriented multimedia tutoring software. It has the following function: to teach the writing of Chinese characters based on the order of strokes observed in calligraphy, Chinese phonetics, word formation and explanation of the Chinese character, etc.; and to analyze and evaluate students' study status to guide students in error correction. This software is intelligent. In CMITS, pronunciation, graphs, images, text and data been integrated using the multimedia technique. CMITS provides a vivid and flexible user interface and rich studying environment through hypertext.<<ETX>>


Abstract The weak basic bicarbonate-activated hydrogen peroxide is applied to the catalytic asymmetric epoxidation of the enones, and the catalyst polyleucine cannot be deteriorated and can successfully be reused in this asymmetric reaction. The ee value of the optically active epoxidation product is up to 95%.


However, with the exception of about 60 persons, it would appear that Canadians are not engaged in the contribution to and management of a resource they not only own, but is the essential lifeblood of 21 st century communications, particularly as wireless internet connections have taken over fixed (or wireline) connections globally, 5 and should do so within Canada by 2020 if not earlier. 6 Instead, spectrum management consultations end up serving largely as a forum for telecommunication firms (telcos) to express their views to Industry Canada with only limited participation from groups and individuals who are not service providers (broadly defined as: Canada's 'big three' (Bell, Rogers and Telus), regional players (such as SaskTel and MTS


1Department of Pharmacy, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Banciao, New Taipei City, Taiwan; 2Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; 3Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; 4Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; 5Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; 6Institute of Public Health, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; 7Institute of Hospital and Health Care Administration, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan Background: Several observational studies have found that statins may materially decrease the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations. However, most of these studies used a prevalent user, non-user comparison approach, which may lead to overestimation of the clinical benefits of statins. We aimed to explore the risk of COPD exacerbations associated with statins with a new user, active comparison approach to address potential methodological concerns. We selected fibrates, another class of lipid-lowering agents, as the reference group because no evidence suggests that fibrates have an effect on COPD exacerbations. Methods: We identified patients with COPD who initiated statins or fibrates from a nationwide Taiwanese database. Patients were followed from cohort entry to the earliest of the following: hospitalization for COPD exacerbations, death, end of the data, or 180 days after cohort entry. Stratified Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of COPD exacerbations comparing statins with fibrates after variable-ratio propensity score (PS) matching and high-dimensional PS (hd-PS) matching, respectively. Results: We identified a total of 134,909 eligible patients (110,726 initiated statins; 24,183 initiated fibrates); 1979 experienced COPD exacerbations during follow-up. The HRs were 1.10 (95% CI, 0.96 to 1.26) after PS matching and 1.08 (95% CI, 0.94 to 1.24) after hd-PS matching. The results did not differ materially by type of statins and patient characteristic and did not change with longer follow-up durations. Conclusion: This large-scale, population-based cohort study did not show that use of statins was associated with a reduced risk of acute exacerbations in patients with COPD using stateof-the-art pharmacoepidemiologic approaches. The findings emphasize the importance of applying appropriate methodology in exploring statin effectiveness in real-world settings.


The alpha rhythm was described at the very beginning of electroencephalography as activity occurring at about 10 cisec. and predominating over the posterior portions of the head. Adrian & Matthews (1934) , Adrian & Yamagiwa (1935) , Jasper & Andrews (1938), Lindsley (1938). In normal individuals this rhythm is symmetrical, although minor asymmetries without clinical significance may occasionally occur. Garouffe & Aird (1958) . Unilateral slowing of the basic alpha frequency, depression of voltage, or in some cases, enhanced voltage have been described in relation to unilateral lesions. Aird & Adams (1952), Aird & Zealcar (1951) , Williams & Reynell (1945) . Little has been written, however, about the occurrence and significance of unilateral bursts of alpha frequency which, although similar to the alpha rhythm in wave form and frequency may be distinguished from it by other characteris tics. In recent years activity of this type has been occasionally observed in our laboratory. Although this activity is not alpha by definition, it does bear certain similarities. It consists of conspicuous bursts of fairly sinusoidal waves a t 7-12 cisec. of about 60-90 microvolts amplitude that appear to be independent from the subject's alpha rhythm. They involve one temporal region exclusively (maximally the anterior temporal) and are often enhanced by drowsiness and hyperventilation. For purposes of identification, this pattern is referred to as "alpha-range bursts". This paper is concerned primarily with the description of this phenomenon and its presence in patients with central nervous system dysfunction.


Nature and Culture, American Landscape and Painting, 1825–1875 by Barbara Novak, New York and Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1980, 333 pp., 141 ills, 8 color pls, £35 cloth, £18.95 paper


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the efficacy of chemotherapy for patients with EGFR (exon 19 and 21) mutation-negative non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

METHODS
One hundred and forty NSCLC patients with negative EGFR mutation (90 cases) or EGFR mutation (50 cases) underwent gemcitabine or vinorelbine plus cisplatin or carboplatin chemotherapy.

RESULTS
In the EGFR mutation-negative patients, there were PR in 26 cases, SD in 48 cases, PD in 16 cases, the disease control rate was 82.2%. In the patients with EGFR mutation, there were PR in 14 cases, SD in 23 cases, PD in 13 cases, the disease control rate was 74.0%. The difference of disease control rates in the two groups was not significant (P = 0.250). The progression free survival (PFS) of EGFR mutation-negative patients was 4.2 months (95%CI 3.8-4.6) vs. 4.0 months (95%CI 3.6-4.4) in patients with EGFR mutation, with a significant difference (P = 0.021). The overall survival (OS) of EGFR mutation-negative patients was 9.2 months (95%CI 8.4-10.0) vs. 7.8 months (95%CI, 6.9-8.7) of patients with EGFR mutation (P = 0.028).

CONCLUSIONS
Chemotherapy can prolong the PFS and OS of EGFR mutation-negative patients. However, only the extension of OS has practical significance.


The Murky Shadow of the Golden Age. Historical-Ecological Reflections about Flooding and Economic Transformation in Ancien Regime Rijnland In the past as well as today, flooding and other water-related problems cannot be explained by isolating the physical dynamics of the landscape or the technological and institutional failure of society. In their innovative synthesis on the ancien regime water board of Rijnland, Milja van Tielhof and Petra van Dam are able to link continuing drainage and flooding problems as well as the – controlled – extension of lakes in the peat area and the apparent inability of the water board to adopt proper solutions, to economic choices with specific social consequences. This way, the authors of Waterstaat in stedenland, show us that the history of water boards remains a vital issue in the environmental history of the Low Countries.


ABSTRACT This article examines the effects of the amalgamation process of local governments on political participation. Electoral turnout is a topic that has received considerable attention from scholars, and the literature offers a generous amount of empirical studies: size of the population is one of the preeminent arguments to explain citizens' political behaviors. The theoretical debate over the perfect fit of local government presents the confrontation of two opposite perspectives: an economic one focusing on scale and efficiency enhancements and a political perspective that, under the scope of the rational voter theory, discusses the quality of local democracy. This article addresses the traditional argument of size over political turnout, seizing Portugal's rare case of territorial consolidation. It seeks to capture the effect of the process of amalgamation on the turnout levels. The article uses a quasi-experimental research design to compare turnout levels over time and among jurisdictions. The article makes a contribution by testing the rational voter theory under a dynamic context. The results show that the process of territorial integration has a negative impact on electoral turnout. Additionally, we found evidence that rural local governments were the ones where turnout was most affected by this process.


In the final stages of the modern period the power of hegemonic ideologies is coming to an end as people identify less with grand ideologies and more with subcultures related to technology and social and economic networks of different kinds. The post-Christendom phase has begun and is radically challenging Christendom notions of membership and ministry. We have to assume that in a post-Christendom society, the familiarity with Christian concepts will fade as the decline of Christendom has meant that Christian discourse has been losing its status as a lingua franca. It is therefore important that the church will anticipate longer journeys towards faith and not move on to disciple new converts too quickly. Post-Christendom evangelisation will consequently take longer, start further back and move more slowly. For these reasons the authors propose that the question of standards for membership be reconsidered where churches are planted in postmodern contexts. They propose that the old order of 'believing before belonging' be replaced by 'belonging before believing'.


W hen the West German embassies reopened in the early 1950s, countless perplexed letters from around the world arrived in Bonn. Sta requested guidance about what to do with emblems of the Third Reich. The embassy in Rio de Janeiro faced a peculiar conundrum in 1952, as it inherited a set of eagle-and-swastika-adorned silverware. Estimated at a value of DM 115,000, a lively letter exchange between the Rio embassy and the Federal Ministry for Foreign A airs (Auswärtiges Amt, AA) developed about the NSDAP party symbol.1 Eventually it was decided that a local Brazilian jeweler should remove both eagle and swastika. In varying geographical and geostrategic contexts, West German ambassadors learned quickly how central material representation of the new postfascist narrative of transparency and simplicity was to the country's success abroad. This was particularly true when it came to the task of opening up export markets for engineering and consumer products with high added value, the core of the West German export industries. In countries where the Federal Republic's trade consisted of mostly cheap products, tremendous e orts were made to improve the reputation of the German national brand. Ambassador Dr. von Hentig reported from Djakarta in 1953 that the embassy's Mercedes 300 had been the single best investment for economic promotion activities, together with a modern sterling cutlery set made by the company C. Hugo Pott: "The cutlery has found highest admiration and acknowledgement among international and Indonesian-Dutch circles. It may be described without hesitation as the most beautiful, even far superior to President Sukarno's state silver. . . . In this artistic accomplishment lies proof that we are not only technologically but also artistically superior."2 His exchanges with the AA illustrate a high awareness of industrial design's importance for economic relations among the diplomatic corps in the early years


After the procedure of organizing medical literature retrieval course based on Blackboard teaching platform and the course contents were outlined,the effects of Blackboard teaching platform achieved in teaching medical literature retrieval course were analyzed,with the problems encountered in its functions,supporting service and appraisal of students summarized.


Teaching Practice as observed by (Ngidi and Sibaya 2003) forms an integral part of teacher training. It exposes the students to a teaching environment in which they will contextualise their theoretical knowledge gained during their training. It also grants student teachers experience in the actual teaching and learning environment. Given the importance of teaching practice, the researcher sought to investigate the experiences of student teachers doing their teaching practice. This paper examines of the positive experiences and challenges faced by Vaal University of Technology (VUT) Post Graduate Certificate Education (PGCE) student teachers (n=24) during their 10 week teaching practice in the Vaal area. A qualitative research design was followed. Semi-structured interviews with all student teachers were used to collect the data while content analysis was used to identify themes and analyse the data. The research established that despite the enriching experiences during teaching practice, student teachers experienced many challenges which significantly affected their ability to fully achieve the desired outcomes from the exercise. Based on the findings of this study, measures were suggested on how to improve teaching Practice in order to enable the student teachers to accrue maximum benefits/ outcomes from the experience.


While the development of early psychosis intervention programs have improved outcome of such disorders, primary prevention strategies are still out of reach. The elaboration, over the last 15 years, of scales and criteria to identify populations at high risk for psychosis is a real progress, but their low specificity is still a major obstacle to their use outside of research projects. For this reason, even if "ultra high risk", subjects present with real psychiatric disorders and sometimes significant decrease in functioning level, the fact that only a small proportion will eventually develop full blown psychosis will probably lead to the rejection of a "psychosis risk syndrom" from the future DSM-V classification.


ABSTRACTSmall industrial units are the seedbed on industrial development in underdeveloped economy for its less capital involvement and more employment generation capability. But this sector cannot contribute expectedly for infection to sickness that ultimately prevents the entrepreneurial bases of economy. Sickness can be occurred in the inception period, in operation and /or in macro environment.There are various techniques to prevent sickness and to make the treatment of occurred sickness. In this study, the researchers selected 13 sick units of BSCIC industrial units and collected the information regarding the causes, stages and measures to prevent sickness. It is found that 07 are born to sick due to improper capital budgeting, 06 are made sick for managerial problems and no units are bound to be sick for environmental problems.Keywords: Sickness, BSCIC, Capital Budgeting, Industrial Development.INTRODUCTION:The manufacturing sector is playing a significant role in national economy. It contributes 13.1% of total employment, in number it is 5.1 million (labor survey, 1999-2000, BBS) and 9o% of export. The small scale industries areemploying more than 80% of industrial employment though its contribution to GDP that is not so significant. The investment per employee in small scale industry is lower by Tk. 100,000 than large scale industry (Ahmad M.U. 1999).Small scale industries are justified for high labor intensity, the use of indigenousmaterials, employment at minimum investment cost, regional industrial development, building upentrepreneurial base at comparatively lower cost etc. Though this sector is significant, some constraints are afflicting that sector. For these constraints, small scale industries are not able to perform its expected role being in the sound line. For these lasting constraints,industrial units being unable to perform normally incur loss subsequently and become closed for sickness. In a report it is found that 1581 industries become sick. (MOI, 1992).Some industries are born as sick, some are made sick and some are thrust to be sick. The poor vision, forecasting, appraisal and planning are the causes of the firms' born as sick. The poor management, lack of monitoring, improper financial, human resource and marketing lead some firms to be sick. Some firms are thrust to be sick by environmental factors as change of technology, market, etc.(Alam. S.M. Jahirul, August 2003). Industrial sickness is a buzzword. For sickness,industry becomes unable to perform the normal activities. Continuous losses due to adverse factors destroy the financial viability of any enterprise. Some constraints are common to all industries and some too particular to specific industry. These constraints may be broadly classified into internal or indigenous and external or exogenous factors. The enterprise is a system of internal and external factors. Sickness of many firms is normally caused by internal factors (Srivastiva, Yadav, Pp: 15-16). The internal factors such as marketing, management, faulty project evaluation and implementation, etc. are generated within the firm and can be controlled.Another important internal factor is the entrepreneur himself or herself. In many cases they are lured by incentive scheme of government in setting up the industry and thenthey perform aloneall the painful task of managing the troubles. After some days they lose the interest and cause sickness to the industry. The external constraints are created by external factors and are beyond the control of the industrial unit (Desai, D. 2006). The external factors can be classified by factors related to government and authorities, to environment and to the natural calamities. The government related factors are changes in industrial, monetary, fiscal policies etc.. The environment related factors are changes in demand, recession in economy, shortage of working capital etc. and the natural calamities such as flood, drought, cyclone etc. …


Activation of the intrarenal renin angiotensin system (RAS) is believed to play an important role in the development of hypertension and cystogenesis in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Results of clinical studies testing RAS inhibitors in slowing the progression of cystic disease in ADPKD are inconclusive, and we hypothesized that current RAS inhibitors do not adequately suppress intrarenal RAS. For this study, we compared a novel Gen 2 antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) that inhibits angiotensinogen (Agt) synthesis to lisinopril in adult conditional Pkd1 systemic‐knockout mice, a model of ADPKD. Six weeks after Pkd1 global gene knockout, the mice were treated with Agt‐ASO (66 mg/kg/wk), lisinopril (100 mg/kg/d), PBS (control), or scrambled ASO (66 mg/kg/wk) for 10 wk, followed by tissue collection. Agt ASO resulted in significant reduction in plasma, liver, and kidney Agt, and increased kidney renin compared with control treatments. Kidneys from Agt‐ASO‐treated mice were not as enlarged and showed reduced cystic volume compared with lisinopril or control treatments. Blood pressure was better controlled with lisinopril than with Agt‐ASO. Agt‐ASO suppressed cell proliferation in both cystic and noncystic cells compared with lisinopril and control treatments. However, Agt‐ASO did not reduce cell proliferation in liver, which indicates that Agt‐ASO targets cell signaling pathways that specifically suppresses cystogenesis in the kidney. These data suggest that Agt‐ASO effectively attenuates intrarenal RAS and therefore can be a novel and effective agent for treating ADPKD.—Saigusa, T., Dang, Y., Mullick, A.E., Yeh, S.T., Zile, M.R., Baicu, C. F., Bell, P. D. Suppressing angiotensinogen synthesis attenuates kidney cyst formation in a Pkd1 mouse model. FASEB J. 30, 370‐379 (2016). www.fasebj.org


The interaction of high power laser radiation with the atoms in the external magnetic field leads to the new nonlinear effects due to modifications of populations of the states of the system 'atom plus field.' From one side it can be followed by new peculiarities in the effect of the coherent population trapping and from other -- the effects of the population modifications are important for explanation of regularities of nonlinear magneto-optical effects. The modification of population dynamics due to the parameters of the system -- radiation field intensities, detunings, polarizations, magnetic field strength and orientation, relaxation constants leads to the new features in polarization effects, resonant fluorescence and resonant Raman effects. The new features of the considered theory are that it is built for multilevel atoms and has not restrictions on the probe intensity compared to the pump intensity. The theory and method permit to investigate the populations modifications depending on modifications of the parameters of the system and to find the relation between population dynamics and new nonlinear resonant magneto-optical effects. The considered system consists of atomic gas of low concentration in the constant magnetic field and two monochromatic laser fields of different intensities and polarizations. Analytically the influence of magnetic field on population dynamics of three-level systems have been considered. For real multilevel atom the computer simulations show the dependence of population dynamics on relaxation constants and the differences of this dynamics for different magnetic sublevels of the excited states of the atom. The results agree with known theoretical and experimental works.


Costing activity found, in recent years, in the surviving records of Industrial Revolution business firms has legitimized the claim that the period was a significant precursor of the scientific management movement. This paper reviews the costing practices of a number of British Industrial Revolution iron firms with particular focus on four dominant enterprises (Carron, Cyfarthfa, Darby and Dowlais) for which an extensive volume of business records survives. Evidence of certain mature costing methods, not thought to have pre-dated the 1880s, is detailed and a perspective on iron-industry cost-management practices is provided. These methods are also considered collectively with respect to the general socio-economic environment of the period.