Introduction: Vaccines in pregnancy can minimise diseases with associated high morbidity and mortality in pregnant women, their unborn and newly born infants. Immunisations against influenza and pertussis are routinely offered in pregnancy in a number of countries including the UK, US, Australia and Belgium, but vaccine uptake could be improved. Methods: In January 2013, an online survey of pregnant women and women with children under 2 years of age was undertaken. The survey focused on vaccination in pregnancy. Results and conclusions: Of 1892 respondents, the majority indicated they definitely, or probably, would accept a nationally-approved vaccine offered by their midwife or GP during pregnancy for their own protection (94%) and/or to protect their baby when it was born (96%). Vaccine safety for the baby and for the woman, vaccine effectiveness and perceived seriousness of the disease remain key considerations for women. Health professionals, midwives in particular, are pivotal in informing women, pro...


Radiotherapy is a treatment for localized cancer in which a specifi c radiation dose induces tissue death and decreases tumors. Despite benefi ts off ered, side eff ects such as hair loss, skin and tissue changes, and fatigue often accompany the treatment. Can radiation recipients avoid side eff ects on the skin while benefi ting from radiotherapy? Will eating vegetables like broccoli confer skin protection against radiation? If yes, we may have found a treatment that prevents the skin side eff ects experienced by cancer patients receiving radiotherapy.


We show that effective interactions mediated by disorder between two directed polymers can be modeled as the cross-correlation of noises in the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) equations satisfied by the respective free energies of these polymers. When there are two polymers, disorder introduces attractive interactions between them. We analyze the phase diagram in detail and show that these interactions lead to new phases in the phase diagram. We show that, even in dimension d=1, the two directed polymers see the attraction only if the strength of the disorder potential exceeds a threshold value. We extend our calculations to show that if there are m polymers in the system, then m-body interactions are generated in the disorder averaged effective free energy.


Young's equation describes the wetting phenomenon in terms of the contact angle between a liquid and a solid surface. However, the contact angle is not the only parameter that defines liquid–solid interactions, an additional parameter related to the adhesion between the liquid drop and the solid surface is also of importance in cases where liquid sliding is involved. It is postulated that wetting which is related to the contact angle, and interfacial adhesion, which is related to the sliding angle, are interdependent phenomena and have to be considered simultaneously. A variety of models that relate the sliding angle to the forces developed along the contact periphery between a liquid drop and a solid surface have been proposed in the literature. Here, a modified model is proposed that quantifies the drop-sliding phenomenon, based also on the interfacial adhesion that develops across the contact area of the liquid/solid interface. Consequently, an interfacial adhesion strength parameter can be defined depending on the mass of the drop, the contact angle and the sliding angle. To verify the proposed approach the adhesion strength parameter has been calculated, based on experimental results, for a number of polymer surfaces and has been correlated with their composition and structure. The interaction strength parameter can be calculated for any smooth surface from measurements of the contact and the sliding angles.


Abstract 4972 Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an aggressive form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) that frequently presents with advanced stage disease. The addition of rituximab, a monoclonal anti-CD20 antibody, to high dose chemotherapy regimens often followed by stem cell transplant has improved outcomes, but survival still remains low at 3–5 years. Novel agents are needed to improve outcomes in MCL. Ofatumumab is a fully human anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody directed against a novel epitope on the CD20 antigen. Ofatumumab has been shown to be more potent than rituximab against B-NHL cells in pre-clinical investigations. Ofatumumab is FDA approved for the treatment of CLL that is fludarabine and alemtuzumab refractory or with bulky disease resistant to fludarabine and is being investigated in clinical trials in NHL. In order to characterize the activity of ofatumumab against MCL, we performed pre-clinical investigations into the activity of ofatumumab against MCL cell lines and primary MCL tumor cells derived from patient tumor samples (n=2). Antibody-dependant cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) assays were performed in the MCL cell lines Mino, Jeko, Rec-1 and Z-138 to demonstrate sensitivity to rituximab and ofatumumab. Lymphoma cells were labeled with 51Cr prior to incubation with rituximab or ofatumumab at 10ug/mL plus human serum or effector cells (efector:target ratio of 20:1). 51Cr-release was measured and the percentage of lysis was calculated. Patient tumor cells were isolated from tumor biopsy samples by MACS sorting (negative selection). Patient tumor cells were incubated with ofatumumab or rituximab at 10ug/mL in the presence of human serum as a complement source. Cell viability was determined at 48 hours by CellTiterGlo assay. Means were compared using a t-test. Expression of CD20 and the complement inhibitory proteins (CIPs) CD55 and CD59 in MCL cell lines were determined by flow cytometry and compared to the rituximab-sensitive cell line Raji and the rituximab-resistant cell line Raji 4RH. Surface density of CD20, CD55 and CD59 were determined by Imagestream analysis. Western blot was performed to measure total CD20 protein expression. Ofatumumab induced significantly higher levels of cell lysis compared to rituximab in CDC assays of all MCL cell lines tested (Mino: 65.9% vs 0.5%; JeKo 43.9% vs 13.3%; REC-1 25.4% vs 4.7%; Z-138: 56.4% vs 0.65%; all p-values Disclosures: Czuczman:Genmab: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; GlaxoSmithKline: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding. Hernandez-Ilizaliturri:Genmab: Research Funding.


development of this secular and individualistic outlook, typical of the last decade of the twentieth century. Julia Neuberger acknowledges that humanism now encompasses a wide range of atheistic and agnostic belief. Nevertheless, the need to find meaning in life, and therefore dying, is acute in an increasing proportion of the population that hold to personal beliefs and values without a need to resort to a religious authority or membership, beyond that of friends and family. Many of the young professional staff of the NHS, too, probably now fall into this category whilst many older patients that they care for may hold to a more systematic religious faith. This book by Julia Neuberger is a useful starting point to prompt an awareness of the spiritual aspects of care. It is suited to any profession allied to medicine and forms a useful overview of an enormous and complex subject. For those seeking more in depth study of religious and philosophical meanings of death then, 'The Meanings of Death,' by John Bowker, 1996, published by Cambridge Canto provides an excellent source. For those seeking more of the issues concerning patient care then a more recently written book, 'Culture, Religion and Patient Care in a Multi-Ethnic Society', by Alix Henley and Judith Schott, 1999, published by Age Concern, provides this.


The mental health of our daughters is in steep decline and it appears this is due to the social media bullying of other girls through near constant contact of social media via smart phones.


With an emphasis on secondary sources in literature and social history, from both sides of the Atlantic, this bibliography helps define resources for this emerging field of study and will be useful to students and scholars in women's studies, religious studies, and history. It covers the period from the English Renaissance and Reformation to contemporary debates over women's ministries and the construction of a feminist theology, and is divided chronologically and topically. The bibliography follows developments in the Church of England and pays special attention to movements that have provided particular opportunities for women including the Quakers, Methodists, and the Salvation Army.


User satisfaction with information systems (IS) is considered an important indicator of information systems success and has been the subject of numerous research studies since the field's inception. In this paper, we review the user satisfaction research in the IS field. We discuss the roots of user satisfaction research as it pertains to satisfaction studies in marketing research and how these studies have been used to inform the IS context. We also discuss how the study of user satisfaction and use of the construct in IS research has evolved and matured over time. Finally, we discuss antecedents and outcomes of user satisfaction identified in IS research and provide suggestions for future research.


The principal challenges that must be met to make xenotransplantation of islets from porcine donors a clinical reality include not only defining a reproducible strategy for the efficient preparation of porcine islets and addressing the risk of transmission of porcine pathogens to humans, but also overcoming the rejection barrier with clinically applicable immunosuppression and, ultimately, tolerance induction strategies. Successful transplantation of xenogeneic tissues and organs will depend on strategies for overcoming or avoiding unique immunological barriers, including: (i) hyperacute rejection (antibody-mediated complement activation) which is initiated by naturally occurring T-cell-independent antibodies directed against Gala(1,3) and, possibly, non-Gal antigens, (ii) acute humoral xenograft rejection initiated by T-cell-dependent antibodies, with or without the participation of macrophages and NK cells, and/or (iii) acute cellular xenograft rejection due to T-cell-mediated cellular responses. Fortunately, recent evidence suggests that, unlike primarily vascularized solid organ xenografts where hyperacute rejection and coagulation incompatibilities result in immediate graft failure, the rejection of porcine islet xenografts in nonhuman primates (NHP) is associated with a predominant T-cell infiltrate [1,2]. Improved definition of T-cell signaling has resulted in the characterization of the numerous pathways and molecules critical for T-cell activation. T cells recognize foreign protein antigens as peptides bound to major histocompatability complex molecules (MHC) on the surface of antigen-presenting cells (Signal 1) [3]. In addition, activation signals are transduced via co-stimulatory signals (Signal 2), which are often induced or up-regulated by T-cell receptor-MHC interaction. Naı̈ve T cells receiving Signal 1 in the absence of Signal 2 are rendered anergic or undergo apoptosis. Several families of costimulatory molecules have been described, including the B7/CD28 family, the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and TNF receptor (TNF: TNFR) family, and the integrin family [4]. Although the mechanisms by which costimulatory molecules exert their effects remain incompletely defined, the therapeutic potential of targeting these pathways is clear. In particular, therapeutic targeting of the CD28/B7 and CD40/CD154 pathway has been of great interest to the transplant community for more than a decade. Indeed, some of the most potent effects on allograft survival in pre-clinical models have been observed using anti-CD154 antibodies [5–8]. In both rodent and NHP models, remarkable synergy has been observed when the CD40/CD154 pathway and other costimulatory pathways, e.g., LFA-1 and/or CD28 are simultaneously blocked [9–11]. Furthermore, compatibility of costimulation blockade reagents with conventional immunosuppressants such as cyclosporine, rapamycin, and methylprednisolone has been established in NHP models of alloand xeno-transplantation [1,2,12,13]. However, significant difficulties have arisen as attempts have been made to translate success with blockade of CD154 to the clinic. Early clinical trials testing anti-CD154 antibodies demonstrated an increase in thrombo-embolic events which subsequently halted human trials. It is now recognized that platelets express CD154 and this molecule is involved with coagulation and inflammatory processes. Given the significant clinical barrier to use of anti-CD154 directed therapy, recently, transplantation investigations have focused on using antibodies directed against CD40 as an alternative strategy to block this important costimulation pathway in murine and pre-clinical animal models. The NHP models, in particular rhesus macaques and cynomolgus monkeys, have a number Xenotransplantation 2008: 15: 107–111 Printed in Singapore. All rights reserved doi: 10.1111/j.1399-3089.2008.00464.x Copyright 2008 Blackwell Munksgaard


Carbon isotope analysis of natural gas has been widely used to study gas-source correlations and gas origins. One of the limitations of using the carbon isotope signatures of current reservoir gas is that it is likely affected by source mixing, gas reservoir seepage, water washing effects, etc. Hence analysing fluid inclusion (FIs) gases is critical because trapped paleo gases are not affected by any secondary alterations that may have occurred in the reservoir. FIs are formed during crystal growth or after crystallization which traps fluids such as oil, gas, water or bitumen. FI dimensions are normally within the range of 1-10 µm (Roedder, 1984). Hence it is a real challenge to analyse the stable isotopes of such trace level gases. The abundance and size of the FIs are the key parameters for the carbon isotope analyses. Samples with high abundance of FIs (rich samples) are much easier to analyse (Gong et al, 2008). Less than 1 g of pre-cleaned sample can release sufficient amount of gas for carbon isotope analysis (Luders et al, 2012). Size does matter for the amounts oil recovered from FIs (George et al, 2001), which also holds true for the gas inclusions. The key technique for the carbon isotope analysis of FI gases is to trap all the gas released from the FIs. Without trapping, only inclusions rich in gas could be analysed for carbon isotopes (Gong et al, 2008). An online crushing-trapping system (Figure 1) has been developed in this study. This novel design is sensitive, with 2 µL of methane reference gas overloading the detector of the gas chromatography isotope ratio mass spectrometer (GC-IRMS) with splitless injection. Hence a split/splitless inlet system has been added for standard analyses. There is no isotope fractionation with the reference gas cryo-trapping and thermal release from the trap. Blank analyses have shown that methane (CH4) and heavier hydrocarbons (C2-C5) in the blank are negligible or not detected. Carbon dioxide (CO2) with an atmospheric signature (~ -12 ‰) is detectable but is of low abundance compared to real sample intensities; hence its contribution will be minor.


says : During the month of July the General Election in England has occupied the thoughts of all who take an interest in Home politics, and it has struck me that perhaps the readers of the Indian Medical Gazette might be interested in a few remarks on the presence in Parliament of members of our profession at home, with lists of those who have, during the last ten 37ears, succeeded or failed in entering Parliament. Only four medical men, if I remember aright, sat in the Parliament of 1880?85, viz., Sir Trevor Lawrence (C) for Mid Surrey; Dr. R. Farquharson (L) for West Aberdeenshire; Dr. C. Cameron (L) for Glasgow; and Dr. Lyons (L) for Dublin City. For the shortlived Parliament of 1885 a


Compared to vaginal deliveries, caesarean section (C-section) is a major surgery that could be associated with higher risks of maternal and infant mortality and morbidity. In Yemen, some recent reports indicated overuses of C-section. This was a cross-sectional study aimed to assess the risk ratio difference in C-section exposure between Yemeni mothers according to their demographic variables. A total of 400 participants of reproductive age visiting health centers for obstetric care in the central area of the western highlands of Yemen were randomly interviewed using a pretested questionnaire. The results found that the prevalence of C-section exposure among the study participants was 22%. Mothers' demographic variables showed significant differences in the risk ratio of C-section exposure. Among these variables, large differences in the risk ratio of C-section exposure were estimated between urban versus rural (RR = 3.9, ER = 2.9, P ˂ 0.001) and literate versus illiterate mothers (RR = 3.8, ER = 2.8, P ˂ 0.001). Relatively moderate differences were revealed by parity and maternal age variables (RR = 2.7; ER = 1.7; P ˂ 0.001, RR = 2.6; ER = 1.6; P ˂ 0.001, respectively). Age at marriage, employment status, and visiting health services practice, however, were associated with low differences in the C-section exposure. To strengthen the mother and infant health programs in Yemen, maternal variables including place of residence and educational status should be considered as predictors for either an unnecessary or additionally needed C-section.


The article seeks to identify the place of extreme situations in the general system of investigations on psychological aspects of security. A psychological analysis of the extreme situation, its influence on mentality and people behavior is given. The security is regarded as the key conception in social and scientific evaluation of the problem. Security psychology is regarded as a systematical field of psychological knowledge one of components of which is psychology of extreme situations. The structure, object, subject, practical and theoretical problems of the security psychology are defined.


The invention discloses a method and a system for circularly charging and discharging an energy storage component. The system comprises an energy storage component and a power generating device. The method comprises the following steps of: dividing the energy storage component into a plurality of energy storage units; during discharge, discharging one energy storage unit at first, and then discharge next energy storage unit when the voltage of the previous energy storage unit is dropped to an undervoltage region from high pressure saturation region; and during charge, charging one energy storage unit by the power generating device at first, and switching to charge the next energy storage unit when the voltage of the previous energy storage unit is increased from the undervoltage region to the high pressure saturation region. The method can be used for effectively prolonging the service life of the energy storage component.


The recovery of radioactivity in the urine of guineapigs following a bolus intravenous dose of chromatographically pure 14C-Nτ-methylhistidine was measured in order to test whether the excretion of Nτ-methylhistidine (Nτ-MH) is a valid index of myofibrillar protein breakdown in these animals. Four male and four female guineapigs were dosed and after 7 days, 91.65 ± 2.82% and 3.58 ± 0.91% of injected radioactivity was recovered in the excreta and tissues, respectively. The average total recovery of 95.2 ± 3.0% was not significantly different from 100%. Male guineapigs excreted the radioactivity more slowly than females (70% of the dose excreted within 74 h vs 39 h, respectively) but cumulative excretion at 7 days was the same for each sex. Chromatographic analysis of the urine showed almost all of the radioactivity to be associated with a single peak corresponding to Nτ-MH, indicating a lack of significant metabolism. These data show that although the clearance of 14C-Nτ-MH is slower than in rats or humans the urinary excretion of Nτ-MH is a valid index for myofibrillar protein degradation in the guineapig.


Thank you very much for downloading neurology an illustrated colour text. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look numerous times for their favorite readings like this neurology an illustrated colour text, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some harmful virus inside their desktop computer. neurology an illustrated colour text is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Our book servers hosts in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Kindly say, the neurology an illustrated colour text is universally compatible with any devices to read.


A 63-year-old patient arrived at our trauma center with profuse arterial bleeding from zone 2 on the right side of his neck. He was alert with a heart rate of 130 beats per minute and a blood pressure of 150/100 mm Hg. There was initial confusion regarding what had precipitated the bleeding. The patient clearly had undergone prior head and neck operation and radiation, marked by a chronic ulcerated wound with extensive fibrosis around the bleeding site and a laryngectomy stoma. The latter was quickly intubated and the patient resuscitated with blood products. Manual compression was applied to the bleeding site.

We later learned that a scab had recently formed at the site and the patient had displaced it while shaving, eliciting the hemorrhage from a partially exposed right common carotid artery. Unbeknown to our team, the patient's medical history was significant for squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx treated more than 15 years ago.

Given the complexity of his cervical wound, the decision was made to proceed to the angiography suite, where an endovascular stent was successfully deployed to exclude the arterial defect and hemostasis. This allowed the wound to be fully visualized, revealing that the stent was exposed within the artery (figure 1).

Figure 1
Exposed stent in the right common carotid artery (arrow) within a chronic ulcerated fibrotic wound on the right side of the patient's neck. An endotracheal tube inserted through the …


This paper tries to establish the impact of the credit guarantee to SMEs, from the supply side, and measure the impact of it on those loans. With the information provided by Asobancaria, Super Intendencia Financiera and Fondo Nacional de Garantias (FNG) for the period 2003: I to 2010: III, an econometric model was estimated by least squares dynamic. The empirical results show that the guarantee given by the FNG, although it has statistical significance, its economic influence is inelastic with respect to the volume of leveraged credit to SMEs.


Until last year no organization existed for preserving films of outstanding merit or for arranging for their distribution and study by those interested in film as living art and in its history and development. A grant from the Rockefeller Foundation and private gifts permitted the Museum of Modern Art to establish such a Film Library in June, 1935, under the presidency of John Hay Whitney, with Will H. Hays, Chairman of the Advisory Committee. — The functions of the Film Library are to trace, obtain, and preserve important films, American and foreign; to edit and assemble such films into programs for educational and non-commercial exhibition; to arrange notes and critical appraisals of them; to assemble a library of books and data on the films; and otherwise to make available information concerning their artistic, dramatic, and historical aspects to all who may be seriously interested. The series for 1936 consists of (1) The Development of Narrative (1895–1911); (2) The Rise of the American Film (1912–17); (3) D. W. Griffith (Intolerance); (4) The German Influence; (5) The Talkies.


The impact of activator varieties on the activation effect in preparing activated carbon with corncob adopting chemical activation process were researched in this paper, the results showed that phosphoric acid as the activator was much better than potassium hydroxide and zinc chloride. It was deduced from the orthogonal experiment results that the impact of activation temperature on the activation effect is the greatest, impregnation ratio takes the second place, and the activator concentration the least. Suitable parameters of activation process were obtained: when the activator concentration is 50%, activation temperature 500°C, impregnation ratio 2.7:1, the iodine value of activated carbon is 822.08mg/g.


This paper descibes a first-order ' design synthesis procedure for low-loss filters employing Single-phase Unidirectional Transducers ( SFUDT's). Experimental results are presented and discussed for a prototype low-loss 281 MHz filter. The filter was fabricated on quartz with a combination of A1 and Al/Cr fingers. The Cr second level was used to achieve mass loading of appropriate fingers in order t o implement a desired reflection function within the transducers. Both the first and second levels were withdrawal w eighted. An insertion loss of 8 dB with a pproximately 27dB of triple transit rejection is predicted based upon experimental data computer-matched with ideal tuning components. This performance is lower than predicted. The reasons for this and the improvements to be made in a future design are discussed.


A miniature thermal radiation in the infrared sensor, a micro-bridge with a porous silicon film formed as the support structure. Micro-bridge consists of a porous silicon membrane, a porous silicon beam, and hollowed compartment. Porous silicon beam hold one end of the porous silicon film, silicon and the other end connected to the frame. Heat-sensitive element as a thermistor or an infrared pyroelectric detector and the absorbing film of the porous silicon membrane support. Porosity is higher than 60% and silicon filament size is less than between pore diameter and pore porous silicon silicon phonon free path length 400, which is far lower than the thermal conductivity of silicon dioxide and silicon nitride. The residual stress of the porous silicon film is much lower than silicon dioxide film and a silicon nitride film, a film thickness formed unstressed limits. The film thickness of porous silicon can be increased to improve the mechanical strength of the microbridge. CMOS circuit techniques may be employed for producing the sensor industry standard.


We invite you to submit a paper or poster for the 23rd Koli Calling International Conference on Computing Education Research (Koli Calling 2023) to be hosted both online, 13-14 November 2023 and in Koli, Finland, 16-19 November 2023.


As part of a larger study regarding the inclusion of children with disabilities in mainstream classroom settings, Ellen Murphy, of the D Clin Ps y c h p rogramme at NUI Galway, with Ian Grey and Rita Honan, from Trinity College, Dublin, reviewed existing literature on co -operative learning in the classroom. In this article, they identify four models of co -operative learning and specify the various components characteristic of each model. They review recent studies on co-operative learning with the aim of determining effectiveness. These studies generally indicate that co-operative learning appears to be m o re effective when assessed on measures of s o c i a l engagement rather than academic perform a n c e . Finally, Ellen Murphy, Ian Grey and Rita Honan present their account of the factors that contribute to the successful implementation of co -operative learning for students with difficulties in learning.


: In this paper I argue that both Hegel's and Korsgaard's attempts to ground moral obligation in the inherent necessity of committing to being a self-determining agent fall short of accounting for the full strength of our considered sense of moral obligation. I examine the differences between their accounts in order to show that their efforts suffer from a common inadequacy, namely, overlooking that there are two distinct ways we can value things as self-determining agents. I maintain that accounting for the actual stringency of moral judgment depends on explaining the superiority of one of these ways of valuing over the other.


This article presents the effect of stereological parameters of graphite precipitations in GJL 350 cast iron and reinforcing fibers in AC-47000 + 10% AF composite on the wear mechanism of piston ring–cylinder liner contacts in a combustion engine. A finite element method was applied to explain the wear mechanisms. On the basis of the investigations performed on stereological parameters of graphite and fiber precipitates, it was possible to elaborate the models and perform computation of stress distribution and local strains at the point of contact between graphite and fibers. The calculations proved that the values of local stresses around fibers are several times higher than the permissible stresses. This leads to graphite spalling, fiber breakage, decohesion on the fiber–matrix boundary, as well as the removal of fibers broken during the process of machining. Once the fibers are removed, the local contact of cast iron and matrix material occurs, which is accompanied by an increase in the friction coefficient. After partial wear of the matrix, new fibers well connected to the matrix are exposed and the friction coefficient is stabilized.


International relationships are greatly changeable,with economy,politics,culture,and security all taking new features.This paper attempts to explore the economic globalization,political and cultural multilateralization,democratic co-existence,and new concept of security.Peace and development is the main theme,despite contradictions in every aspect,such as regional disputes,hegemony,jinglism,tribalism,and security dilemmas.Inner logic is analyzed.


A ball tracking method is proposed by obtaining the ball and a cue direction of the user for billiard assistant system. The captured image is processed by using the following steps. Binarization of the image is done to extract a table, the ball and cue by separating channels using HSV model. Morphology is used to reduce a noise before applying a proposed tracking method. The method is used to detect the ball using the geometric prediction on cue direction and position.


In the geometric optics approximation, an image formed by an objective lens replicates the distribution of intensity at the front focal plane of the objective. Although this fact represents a fundamental optical principle, its application to analysis of bright‐field microscopic images was developed only recently and has not been tested experimentally. In this paper, we applied simple ray tracing to compute an image of a glass cylinder at various positions of the objective and to compare it to the experiment. We obtained a close match between theory and observation, except for a slight underestimation of the intensity in the middle part of the cylinder. The likely reason for this minor difference was constructive interference due to lens‐like properties of a cylinder, which could not be accounted for by geometric approximation. We expect that such artefacts would be negligible in imaging of live cells, and the geometric approach would successfully complement the existing quantitative phase methods.


Background:
 Atherosclerotic intima-media thickening (IMT) of carotid or subclavian artery may be associated with alterations in the sensitivity of carotid and subclavian baroreceptors. This is why we aimed at investigating if IMT is associated with alterations in the autonomic modulation of heart rate variability (HRV).

 Methods:
 This was a cross-sectional study with 30 subjects. The atherosclerotic artery IMT was determined by B-mode and duplex ultrasonography. HRV was evaluated through linear (low frequency [LF, ms2], high frequency [HF, ms2], standard deviation (SD) of normal R-R wave intervals [SDNN], square root of the mean of the sum of the squares of differences between adjacent normal R wave intervals [RMSSD]) and nonlinear Poincaré analysis (SD of the points perpendicular to the line-of-identity [SD1, ms]; SD along the line-of-identity [SD2, ms]).

 Results:
 A significant negative linear correlation was identified between the IMT of common carotid artery and the HRV indexes that reflects baroreflex and the fluctuations of autonomic tone: LF, Spearman's r = -0.52, 95% CI: -0.75 to -0.19, P = 0.003; SDNN, Spearman's r = -0.57, 95% CI: -0.78 to -0.25, P = 0.001; SD2, Spearman's r = -0.59, 95% CI: -0.79 to -0.28, P = 0.0006. Similar strong negative correlations were found for subclavian IMT. In contrast, there was no relationship between IMT and the HRV indexes related to autonomic tone (HF, LF/HF, RMSSD, SD1, SD1/SD2). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) sensitivities/specificities/area under curve of SD2 for predicting carotid and subclavian artery IMT were 0.75/0.83/0.81 and 0.70/0.69/0.70, respectively (cutoff values: <32.8 and <42.5, respectively). Identification of atherosclerotic plaque in subclavian artery (IMT > 1.5 mm) was associated with a drastic reduction of SD2 (25.9 [24.3-40.5] vs. 50.2 [38.1-68.7]; data are median and interquartile range values, p = 0.0009), LF (65% lower, p = 0.005) and SDNN (43% lower, p = 0.001).

 Conclusions:
 Our data demonstrate that the atherosclerotic carotid and subclavian IMT are associated with an impairment of cardiac autonomic control. The SD2 index of Poincaré plot may be a functional biomarker for subjects at risk for carotid disease and an indicator for ultrasound evaluation.


This paper examined the impact of the managerial overconfidence on the selection of private placement and on the company value by selecting as alternative indicators the managerial personal characteristics, the relative proportion of the top three executive pay and the deviation degree of yearly earning forecast to measure the managerial overconfidence on the basis of A category companies listed in Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges by private placement. The results showed that(1) a significant positive correlation exists between managerial overconfidence and the mode selection of private placement. The overconfidence tends to take the private placement as a way to reverse the acquisition of the group's assets in order to achieve the overall listing of the group. The overconfidence is one of the driving forces of the overall listing; and(2) a significant negative correlation exists between managerial overconfidence and the value of the company. The more overconfident the managers are, the worse the market performance after the overall listing will be. The assets reorganization is detrimental to the company's value.


A research group in Korean Society of Steel Construction has been performed various types of experimental tests for steel plate concrete structures, and developed a design specification for the composite modular construction of nuclear power plant structures. Fundamental structural members of such walls and slabs consist of surface steel plates and filled concrete, connected by headed studs, acting as a composite section. Consequent development of design specification is now under processing. This paper introduces the current draft of the design specification for steel plate concrete structures, structural analyses and design of a sample building, and Fabrications and Erections of modules.


The use of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) as a base layer is increasing as quality aggregate becomes scarcer and more expensive. Moisture content is known to have a great impact on the resilient modulus (MR) of granular materials, and several researchers have devoted effort to develop and verify analytical models to describe that impact. Limited work has been done to quantify the effect of moisture content on RAP as a base layer. It has not been determined whether the existence of aged binder will allow designers to use the same analytical models developed for granular materials. This study investigated the effect of moisture content on the MR of a base layer that contained RAP, compared the effect of moisture content on RAP with the effect on typical base material, and reviewed the literature to select a model that would analytically predict changes in the MR of untreated RAP as a result of changes in moisture content.


Abstract The power of Durbin's h-test for autocorrelated error terms is compared with the power of the Durbin-Watson d-test. It is argued that, contrary to conclusions reached elsewhere (see [6]), the d-test outperforms the h-test.


Indonesia is a country where the majority of the population is Muslim where it is very important to know the principles of GCG Islamically in the implementation of business. The application of the principles of Good Corporate Governance (GCG) in Islamic banks is very important. This is because Islamic banks as intermediary institutions are collecting funds from the public and distributing them to people who need them. Thus, efforts to maintain public trust in banking are a very important part to do. One way to maintain public trust is to apply the principles contained in Good Corporate Governance. This study aims to determine the implementation of GCG in BMI, and whether it is in accordance with Islamic law. This type of research uses descriptive qualitative research. The results of this study indicate that the application of the principles of Good Corporate Governance (GCG) at Bank Muamalat Indonesia, namely accountability, professionalism, transparency, responsibility, and fairness (equity) has been carried out properly in accordance with applicable guidelines and regulations.
Keywords: Principles of Good Corporate Governance, Bank Muamalat, Islamic Sharia.


Objectives This study investigated the efficacy of human skeletal myoblasts (SkM) mediated either human vascular endothelial growth factor-165 (hVEGF165) or angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) on vascular development and myocardial regional perfusion. Methods A porcine heart model of chronic infarction was created in 28 female swine by coronary artery ligation. The animals were randomized into:(1) group-1, DMEM injected (n=6), (2) group-2, Ad-null transduced SkM transplanted (n=6), (3) group-3, Ad-hVEGF165 transduced SkM transplanted (n=8), and (4) group-4, Ad-Ang-1 transduced SkM (n=8). Three weeks later, 5 ml DMEM containing 3× 108 SkM carrying exogenous genes were intramyocardially injected into 20 sites in left ventricle in groups-2, -3 and -4. Animals in group-1 were injected 5 ml DMEM without cells. Animals were kept on 5 mg/kg cyclosporine per day for 6 weeks. Regional blood flow was measured using fluorescent microspheres. The heart was explanted at 2, 6 and 12 weeks after transplantation for histological studies. Results Histological examination showed survival of lac-z expressing myoblasts in host tissue. Capillary density based on Von Willebrand factor-Ⅷ (vWF-Ⅷ) at low power field (× 100) was 57.13+11.85 in group-3 at 6 weeks and declined to 32.1±5.21 at 12 weeks, while it was 39.9±10.26 at 6 weeks and increased to 45.14±6.54 at 12 weeks in group-4. The mature blood vessel index was highest in group4 at 6 and 12 weeks after transplantation. The regional blood flow in the center and peri-infarct area was significantly increased in animals of groups-3 and -4. Conclusions SkM carrying either hVEGF165 or Ang- 1 induced neovascularization with increased blood flow. Ang- 1 overexpression resulted in mature and stable blood vessel formation and may be a more potent arteriogenic inducer for neovascularization.(J Geriatr Cardiol 2006;3:152-60.)


Objective To investigate and study the clinical efficacy of clindamycin in the treatment of mycoplasma pneumonia in children. Methods The clinical data of 88 children with mycoplasma pneumonia admitted in our hospital from January 2009 to January 2013 were selected as the subjects. And the children were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group with 44 children in each. The control group was treated by azithromycin, and the observation group was treated by clindamycin on the basis of azithromycin. The efficacies of the two groups of children were counted and compared. Results The efficacies of the groups showed that the total effective rate and markedly effective rate of the observation group was 95.5%, 61.3%, respectively, higher than 81.8%, 36.3% of the control group, respectively, the differences were statistically significant(P0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions of the observation group was 6.8%, and that of the control group was 9.1%, the difference was not statistically significant(P0.05). Conclusion Clindamycin is quite effective in the treatment of children with mycoplasma pneumonia. The effect of clindamycin combined with azithromycin is much better than that of azithromycin, and it is worthy of promotion and application in clinical practice.


Stand-alone PV systems are increasingly being used in rural areas to drive basic loads typically less than 300 VA. Such systems are beneficial where grid electricity is unreliable or not present at all. A 250 VA battery integrated stand-alone PV system is proposed here. This PV system is based on simple hardware structure. It is possible to design this system at lower cost with higher reliability. DC link capacitor is selected for longer life time. The overall reliability of the whole system is estimated using the data from Military Handbook. It is shown that the proposed system has higher life time than other conventional PV systems. Open loop control is proposed for inverter output voltage control, thereby making it possible to implement on low cost micro-controller with fewer sensing components. The proposed system can be designed for a 12 V or 24 V PV panels, which are commonly used in rural areas. Efficacy of the whole system is verified in PSCAD and simulation results are provided. A hardware prototype is built for actual implementation of the PV system.


Epidermoid cysts are cutaneous cysts frequently observed among farmers, factory workers, carpenters, and tailors due to their occupations' predilection for repetitive minor hand trauma. A 66-year-old male laborer presented to our hospital with a swelling on the palmar aspect of his right middle finger. The swelling was accompanied by pain and an inability to work over the previous four months. A 2.5 cm × 2.5 cm smooth, tender, immobile, non-compressible hard swelling was detected just above the middle phalanx during the clinical examination on the volar aspect of the right middle finger. The diagnosis was confirmed by histopathology after excision. The patient's range of motion improved significantly following surgery, and his pain subsided. We present a novel location for an epidermal inclusion cyst and the importance of histopathologic evaluation in this case. Additionally, we emphasize the significance of extensively checking the cyst's epithelium to guarantee complete capsule removal and rule out any additional pathology.


A preliminary study was made on the evaluating system of motor function in the cervical myelopathy. The elements of the system include evaluation of fine motion, isolation of fingers, grasping, and pinch; speed of motion; and 88 questions about ability of ADL usage of hands. A total of 20 evaluations on 15 myelopathy cases were made and analized in order to determine the system was sensitive to disability of the hand or not. The authors suspect that the evaluating system has good sensitivity and potential easy applicability.


0bjective To know the correlation of coing style of family members of ICU patients and the ituation of mental health.Methods 47 family members of ICU patients were measured by TCSQ and SCI-90, hen compared with those of patients in the general wards.Results The family members of ICU patients had evere problems of mental health.The score of negative coping Was(20.32 4±7.87),which Was significantly igher than(30.86±5.42)in the control group(P 0.05).The score of active coping had negative correlations with the otal score of SCL-90,terror,depression and anxiety(P<0.05 or P<0.01).The score of negative coping had positive correlation with SCI-90(P<O.05 or P<0.01).Conclusions The coping style is a main factor of nfluencing the mental health of family nlember of ICU patients.

Key words:
ICU; Family member of patients; Coping style; Mental health


Space debris is a global mounting ultimatum to the enduring maintainability of outer space activities and ought to be managed from the very beginning; otherwise, it will be too late. Based on the last couple of years, collisions are incidents that have enhanced space debris accumulation, and the rate at which space activities have resulted in the production of debris is at a threshold position in a linear fashion. Ultimately, space has become the rendezvous of space debris. Based on the growing accumulation of debris and the emerging apprehension regarding a horrible strike and collapse of whole space programs, to remove debris is very expensive process so this paper focuses on the financial challenges and solution as well. Developing and developed countries realize the value of a competent establishment of an International Fund for Debris Mitigation and Removal (IFDMR) that could address the financial issues. Thus, this paper suggests to create incentive opportunities for remediation of space debris and penalties for its production. it would be very strong and effective mechanism to halt this mounting issue by utilizing international fund. The revenue for fund would be collected mainly from contributing member states space agencies, the proportionate contributors of debris producer like (US, RUSSIA, CHINA), and other relevant stack holders, insurance of missions, levying fee from every launching, donations from various international organizations and private entities and UN Aid etc. The fund would be operated by the Director of fund having board of directors as management team under the umbrella of UNOOSA.


was confirmed by the passage of a large silver catheter, ?which could be passed its whole length without meeting with any resistance, and could then be felt high up in tLe abdomen beneath the anterior abdominal wall. iSTo urine escaped until the catheter was withdrawn within three inches of its end, when four ounces of bloody urine escaped. A rent three inches long was discovered on the upper and posterior aspect of the bladder. It was sutured with the finest silk, and the security of the junction tested by injecting the bladder The abdominal cavity was washed out with warm water. Heaton points out that the shock in some of the recorded cases of ruptured bladder has been very slight, and patients have been known to walk to hospital and go away again with a rupture of the bladder undiscovered. The author has collected the records of thirtyseven case3 of ruptured bladder in which the abdomen


Forum for the Future worked in partnership with a division of a blue-chip chemicals company ('ChemCo'), to develop a framework for sustainable business decision-making. The supply chain impact framework was used to produce a six-stage analysis that allowed the assessment of ChemCo's operations and products on key stakeholders and contributed to key strategy setting and innovation processes. Of most significance to ChemCo were the final two sustainability accounting stages of this work, which found that the external environmental benefits of one of its products in use (a refrigerant lubricant) were eight times greater than the external environmental costs produced by the entirety of ChemCo's operations. These findings helped inform ChemCo's future economic, social and environmental sustainability strategy, whilst the action of conducting the research fostered greater communication and understanding between different sections of the business, developed new data collection and management processes and helped embed sustainable development objectives throughout the organization. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.


THIS book is planned on a generous scale. It includes the Poetics, Demetrius On Style (with a few omissions), the Ars Poetica and Epistle to Augustus, the Dialogus de Oratoribus and 'Longinus', as well as substantial extracts from the Frogs, from Plato, Cicero, Dionysius of Halicarnassus, the Senecas, Quintilian, and other writers from Homer to the late Greek rhetoricians. Many of the texts are familiar, others less so, and some decidedly out of the way, such as the passage from Aristides Quintilianus, a writer whom previous writers on ancient literary criticism appear to have ignored. Everything of importance is here (except perhaps Philodemus, who for obvious reasons has had to be omitted) and some things, it might be said, of only slight importance. The comprehensive character of the volume, the help it gives in the interpretation of sometimes difficult texts, and the tactful guidance provided by the editors make it a valuable aid to the study of ancient criticism. The translations are all new. T. F. Higham does the Frogs (11. 830-1481), Miss M. E. Hubbard the Poetics and extracts from the Rhetoric, and Miss D. C. Innes Demetrius. The rest are by the editors, Mr. Russell being responsible for the Greek authors and the Ars Poetica, Dr. Winterbottom for the rest of the Latin texts. Higham's Frogs, the only verse translation in the volume, does more than illustrate Aristophanes' views on literature; it attempts to give the reader an idea of his metrical versatility by reproducing the metres of the original (apart from iambic trimeters) in 'true timed accentual verse', with longs represented by stressed syllables that are also long in duration and shorts by unstressed ones that are naturally short. This skilful and enjoyable translation deserves an existence in its own right and it is to be hoped that Mr. Higham will incorporate it in a complete Frogs. Miss Hubbard's version of the Poetics is based on 'the simple principle of trying to make coherent sense of the material presented by tradition when one can make sense of it, of modern conjectures when one cannot'. Some Aristotelian terms like mimesis, peripeteia, and catharsis are left untranslated; d^aprla is translated as 'a piece of ignorance'—not very happily, for though ignorance is no doubt an element in afxaprla the word implies some action, as Miss Hubbard herself clearly indicates in a footnote. Students of the Poetics will have to take account of Miss Hubbard's work, including those forthright notes in which she dismisses suspected interpolations as 'fatuous and irrelevant', 'lunatic and irrelevant', and the like. Miss Innes does Demetrius very well, and leaves us with a respect for an author who, as she says, is more than a mere dry rhetorician.


This case study highlights the essential components of differentiating instruction to meet the needs of all students, including those most advanced, and English Language Learners by using a variety of technologies. Many teachers in the study had access to technology, but few received limited professional development. Roadblocks that many teachers encountered are identified with possible solutions for addressing those concerns. The recommendations provided for addressing concerns that classroom teachers face are (1) how to differentiate instruction for all learners, (2) how to learn and sustain growth in using the tools of technology in lesson planning and implementation, and (3) how to manage all of the various components so that chaos does not ensue and every students' learning is maximized. A review of all of these issues can be beneficial to other teachers in heterogeneous classrooms who want to use technology as tool for differentiating instruction. Jennifer G. Beasley University of Arkansas, USA


Mental card games are played without a trusted party and without cards. It is well known that the problem of mental card games can be solved in principle. But the schemes known so far are too messy to be used in practice. Only for the mental poker game a suitable solution is known Cr ep 87] that achieves security against player coalition and complete conndentiality of a player's strategy. Here, we present a general-purpose scheme that may be used as basic toolbox for straightforward implementations of card games. We present a data structure for cards and decks that is secure against player coalitions and enables standard operations like picking up a card, opening it, and (re-)mixing stacks. Futhermore, we introduce tools for special operations like inserting a card into the deck, splitting the deck, parting the game. The correctness of all operations is testiied by zero-knowledge proofs. Finally, we discuss security problems that are typical for mental card games and suggest solutions to enable all players maximum possible fairness.


This paper aims to present the results of a survey that focused on the investigation ofthe meaning of being teacher for graduating students of Faculty of Education. The issue arose from concerns about the new direction that the Faculty of Education has taken the Faculty of Education after the publication of the new Curriculum Guidelines, which broke with the identity of a course that formed the bachelor and licensed by privileging the last training compromise the vision of being a pedagogue. The research is characterized as qualitative and quantitative in that work the questionnaires with closed and open questions. From the analysis, it was found that students believe in their profession as a way of contributing to the betterment of society chose the area because they like what they do and feel satisfied by it.


With the example of the course of water supply and drainage systems of buildings,we gave available methods for the construction of teaching-studying pattern for specialized courses of colleges of science and technology.The principles of problem designs were discussed,examples of the teaching-studying process of PBL pattern and methods of quality controls were offered,and the contrast between the PBL pattern and the traditional pattern was given.In the teaching-studying process,the choice of patterns should coordinate with teaching-studying contents and goals.Sometimes the two patterns could be adopted jointly to make full use of respective advantages.


Abstract : In this project, the uniquely-developed TOhoku Mixed Basis Orbital ab initio calculation package (TOMBO) was used in simulations of electron and thermal transport in a small molecule organic-based circuit and in a GeSe supercell, respectively. For the small molecule, application of a bias lead to a non-equilibrium state for which Density Functional Theory (DFT) is not directly applicable. The simulation proved useful by modifying TOMBO by separating the whole system (circuit) into three parts: right and left semi-infinitive leads, and finite organic molecule. Since TOMBO uses two different types of basis sets (plane-waves and atomic orbitals) maximally localized Wannier function (Wannier90) was introduced to realize the separation. Since the two semi-infinitive leads are very close to their equilibrium state, non-equilibrium Green function (NEGF) was used to represent them by self-energy terms. Introduction of bias affected periodic boundary conditions, but were satisfied by introducing a potential drop in the vacuum. Simulation of thermal conductivity versus temperature was considered for a 6x6x6 k-mesh involving a crystalline, orthorhombic GeSe supercell. Its thermal conductivity tensor is diagonal, with three different values along the 3 principal axes. This work examined the third trace of that tensor and the contribution of the different branches. Acoustic branches usually contribute most to the thermal conductivity as their group velocity and lifetimes are largest. In this case, each of the acoustic modes contributes to about 20% of the total value. The first 3 branches contribute to almost half the total thermal conductivity.


Dr. Johannes Strobel is Professor, Information Science & Learning Technologies at the University of Missouri where he leads a maker space initiative and conducts research in STEM education, particularly engineering. His research and teaching focuses on engineering as an innovation in pre-college education; learning through hands-on activities; and empathy and care in engineering. He published more than 140 papers in proceedings and journals (many with graduate and undergraduate students) and directed large scale projects in engineering education research. He is the founding editor for the Journal of Pre-College Engineering Education, co-editor of the book "Engineering in Pre-College Settings: Synthesizing Research, Policy, and Practices" and "Technology Education Today: International Perspectives" and co-lead author of Hands-on Standards STEM in Action, an award winning internationally available set of learning modules for grades preK - 5th grade published by ETA hand2mind and LearningResourcesUK. and Research. Higher Creativity for the Non-Arts Major for MU's honors college. She also has been collaborating with MU bioengineers to teach their capstone students creativity, with promis-ing research results. edited volume, Creativity in Theatre: Theory and Action in Theatre/Drama Education published Springer.


In an osmotic tensiometer, the hydrostatic pressure of a confined polymer solution is measured to infer the soil water potential. Essential in the operation is the osmotic potential of the polymer solution. Because the osmotic potential depends on the temperature, a significant and undesired pressure lag may develop when the osmotic tensiometer is used under conditions of varying temperature. To understand and eliminate the pressure lag, a dynamic transport model was derived that describes the time response of the osmotic tensiometer while assuming complete temperature equilibration and a resistance to water transfer that is fully located within the filter. Essential elements of the model are the filter conductance and the sensitivity of the pressure transducer, for which submodels are set up. The transport model is validated with measurements on an osmotic tensiometer that uses an inorganic membrane as filter. The experiments were done for instrument-limited conditions by placing the osmotic tensiometer in free water. For these conditions, the model describes measurements with reasonable accuracy. The new transport model clarifies the behavior of the osmotic tensiometer for changing temperatures and can be used to design an osmotic tensiometer with a lower pressure lag.


The template matching technique is a major research in recognition algorithm of object in image.It is characteristic of simple algorithm,small calculation and high discrimination.Its applications in the fields of image processing,pattern recognition are presented,which include horizontal and erect characters recognition,biological distinction(face recognition,fingerprint identification,etc.),license plate recognition,character's recognition,aircraft recognition,etc.


Background. Plasma concentrations of HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) and its major protein component apolipoprotein (Apo) A-I are strongly inversely associated with cardiovascular risk, leading to the concept that therapy to increase HDL-C and ApoA-I concentrations would be antiatherosclerotic and protective against cardiovascular events. The recent failure of the drug torcetrapib, a cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitor that substantially increased HDL-C concentrations, has brought focus on the issues of HDL heterogeneity and function as distinct from HDL-C concentrations. Content. This review addresses the current state of knowledge regarding assays of HDL heterogerevue générale abc Ann Biol Clin 2009 ; 67 (1) : 7-21 do i: 10 .1 68 4/ ab c. 20 08 .0 28 4 Cet article est initialement paru sous la référence : Movva R, Rader DJ. Laboratory assessment of HDL heterogeneity and function. Clin Chem 2008 ; 54 : 788-800. Il est reproduit en langue française dans les Annales de biologie clinique (Paris) dans le cadre d'un partenariat entre la SFBC et l'IFCC pour favoriser la diffusion d'articles bibliographiques majeurs dans le domaine de la biologie clinique. Traduction : J.-L. Beaudeux, D. Bonnefont-Rousselot <email@example.com>. Tirés à part : J.-L. Beaudeux Ann Biol Clin, vol. 67, n 1, janvier-février 2009 7 C op yr ig ht © 2 01 7 Jo hn L ib be y E ur ot ex t. D ow nl oa de d by a r ob ot c om in g fr om 5 4. 19 1. 40 .8 0 on 1 7/ 06 /2 01 7. neity and function and their relationship to cardiovascular disease. HDL is highly heterogeneous, with subfractions that can be identified on the basis of density, size, charge, and protein composition, and the concept that certain subfractions of HDL may be better predictors of cardiovascular risk is attractive. In addition, HDL has been shown to have a variety of functions that may contribute to its cardiovascular protective effects, including promotion of macrophage cholesterol efflux and reverse cholesterol transport and antiinflammatory and nitric oxide-promoting effects. Summary. Robust laboratory assays of HDL subfractions and functions and validation of the usefulness of these assays for predicting cardiovascular risk and assessing response to therapeutic interventions are critically important and of great interest to cardiovascular clinicians and investigators and clinical chemists.


The channel noise current spectral density of n-type enhancement SOS-MOS transistors versus the drain-source voltage VDs exhibits a peak not only for a floating bulk electrode but also when it is grounded. In the latter case, this peak appears at higher values of VDs. This suggests the kink effect which is now masked on the D.C. characteristics I D- V DS by a stronger multiplication. Theoretically we characterize this effect by means of an equivalent circuitry (electrical and noise) where the bulk electrode and the multiplication current generator associated with the drain space charge region are taken into account.


There are several standardized protocols based on SpaceWire which provide data exchange between several nodes. SpaceWire is also suitable for interprocess communication (IPC), by the help of higher level protocols. However, currently there is no standardized protocol which is targeting IPC on SpaceWire networks. This paper proposes a protocol, which uses the capabilities of SpaceWire to build up networks for distributed computing on a spacecraft. The core of this protocol is the IPC mechanism for communication between the nodes and methods to support a reconfiguration of the network. A key feature of this protocol is an interface for a reconfiguration mechanism, which can be implemented on application level. This enables the utilization of unreliable commercial off the shelf (COTS) nodes, allowing system recovery from erroneous state. Additionally, the reconfiguration can be used to adapt the distributed computer to different mission phases. The protocol has the potential to build the foundation of a distributed on-board computer consisting of COTS components. Such distributed computer could be capable of fulfilling high performance demands as well as high reliability needs. Though, the protocol itself is not restricted to be used solely in fully-featured reconfigurable distributed systems. The IPC methods can be applied stand-alone as well, to establish a lightweight communication between nodes on a SpaceWire network by excluding the reconfiguration parts of the protocol.


Objective:To investigate the relationship between college students' loneliness and their internet addiction disorder.Methods:The College Student Loneliness Structure Questionnaire(CSLSQ)and Young's Internet Addiction Impairment Index(IAII)were applied to 274 college students.Results:The longer one was addicted to internet,the severer his internet addiction disorder was.There was a medium degree of positive correlation between the sense of loneliness and internet addiction disorder(r=0.433,P﹤0.001);The factors of college students' loneliness had different levels' correlation with the internet addiction disorder.Conclusion:There is a close relationship between sense of loneliness and their internet addiction disorder,and the former could strongly predict the latter.


Qualifying for and participating in the UEFA Champions League (UCL) is associated with generating large revenue flows. The fear of the football associations, some journalists and fans is that a permanent financial and sporting imbalance will be created between clubs qualifying for the UCL and the remaining clubs. This paper analyses the consequences of the UCL on the national championship in the German "Bundesliga". The first section shows a review of economic and sporting trends in the Bundesliga for the 1980-1997 period. Also main changes in the domestic championship are reviewed. In second section an analysis of the UCL with (a) regard to competitive balance and (b) with regard to general balance will be undertaken. An interesting question is whether clubs qualifying for the UCL differ from the other teams. Especially the question whether competitive balance changes when there is an imbalance in the financial situation of the clubs (enforced by the UCL) will be analyzed. The third section describes the regulatory mechanisms of the German Bundesliga like revenue sharing and the licensing system.


The development of mining cities is a topic of general interest both in theory and in practice. However, China's minimg cities are confronted with serious problems that restrain the progress of their sustainable development. The occidental developed countries have accumulated abundant successful experiences in pattern changes of the mining cities, which will have important enlightening functions on sustainable development of China's mining cities . In this thesis, the author analyzed the experiences and then advanced some suggestions on the sustainable development of China's mining cities.


The aim of the present work is to extend the applicability of Oxley's analysis of machining to a broader class of materials beyond the hot rolled low-carbon steel used by Oxley and coworkers. The Johnson-Cook material model has been chosen to represent the mechanical properties of the material being machined as a function of strain, strain rate and temperature. Necessary changes have been made to Oxley's analysis to make it self-consistent for this material model. A new approach has been introduced to calculate the pressure variation along the beta slip lines in the primary shear zone including the effects of both the strain gradient and the thermal gradient along the alpha lines. The shear force along the primary shear zone is calculated in a consistent manner using the energy dissipated in this zone. The thickness of the primary and secondary shear zones, the heat partition at the primary shear zone, the temperature distribution along the chip-tool interface and the shear plane angle are all calculated using Oxley's original approach. Two constants are used to fine tune the model — the strain in the chip material at the chip tool interface (εint), and the ratio of the average temperature to the maximum temperature at the chip-tool interface (ψ).
 The performance of the model has been studied by comparing its predictions with experimental data available in the literature for aluminum 2024-T4. It is found that the model accurately reproduces the dependence of cutting force as a function of depth of cut and cutting speed. The shear plane angle predicted is smaller than that observed in practice. It is also observed that the constant ψ needs to be very small, implying very little increase in the temperature along the chip-tool interface. The model is highly nonlinear in the constant C that relates the length of the primary shear zone to its thickness.


A strict, lifelong gluten-free (GF) diet is currently the only treatment for celiac disease. The diet requires the elimination of all forms of wheat, barley and rye and their derivatives. This article reviews the specifics of the diet, including recommendations regarding the use of pure, uncontaminated oats. The GF diet may be lacking in B vitamins, fiber, calcium and other nutrients, but these may be obtained from nutrient dense GF foods and supplements if needed. To successfully implement and adhere to the diet, individuals need to learn how to avoid gluten contamination and manage the diet while eating out. They must become skilled in label reading and should benefit from the new food allergen labeling laws. Gluten-free cookbooks and a wide variety of GF specialty foods make meal preparation easier. Comprehensive diet education and follow-up from an experienced registered dietitian is a key element in the successful management of celiac disease.


The aim of this study is to examine whether the coups d'etat in Turkey had impacts on population policy beginning from 1923 till up to the 2000s. The study is a literature review and covers the periods between 1923-1961, 1961-1982 and 1982-2000. The study asserts that global forces and coups d'etat are determinant on population which is a contemporary debate topic and possessing strategic importance alongside with security-economic-political-sociological dimension. The external intervention of the population-oriented processes is not welcomed from the social point of view and the implementation of such policies affecting the whole society by coups d'etat instead of civil politics has created a separate problem area. Since the society was not accepted the population policies that the coup administrations want to implement right after the disappearance of the civil administration which provides the connection between the people and the state.


A large quantity of application systems of software are faced with the problems in the secure management of increasingly complicated data resources, and role based access control (RBAC), combined with the practical system requirements, can supply a set of simplified implementation method based on RBAC. It can effectively raise the management performance of access to the system and meanwhile it can decrease the difficulty of the control in the development of the access.


Elections satisfy both the practical and the theoretical requirements of classical democratic theory if they answer one question only: Who shall rule? Judged by this test the American elections of 7 November 1972 returned as clear and unequivocal an answer as the United States Constitution permits – crystal-clear as to individuals, equivocal as to parties and political forces. But the student of politics and society cannot resist treating elections as data-gathering devices on a wide range of other questions, on the state of the public mind, on the relative potency of pressure groups, on the internal health of the political parties, and, of course, on the shape of things to come. In this ancillary role American elections, despite the generous wealth of statistical material which they throw up – so much more detailed and categorized (though often less precise) than our own – Suffer in most years from one severe limitation, a limitation which in 1972 was particularly conspicuous; they do not engage the interest of more than a moderate percentage of the American citizenry. In 1972 that percentage was as low as 55 per cent, i.e. out of an estimated eligible population of 139,642,000 only 77,000,000 went to the polls. Since this circumscribes the conclusions which can be drawn from the results themselves, as well as constituting a phenomenon of considerable intrinsic interest, it seems worthwhile to begin any examination of the 1972 elections by an analysis not of the votes counted but of those which were never cast.


【Objective】 To further improve and utilize MM population,elite inbred lines and hybridized combinations were screened,and their breeding potentials,heterotic groups and heterosis pattern of MM population were investigated.【Method】 6 inbred lines(Dan598,WN11,Wu109,Dan599,X104 and Chang7-2) representing the domestic main advantage groups were used as testers,and the combining ability and heterosis of 9 inbred lines selected from the improved maize population MM were analyzed using NCⅡ genetic mating design.【Result】 The relative effects of GCA of the inbred lines 3,4,5,7 and 9 are high and the crosses with high relative effects of SCA for yield per plant were 9×Dan599,6×WN11,3×Wu109,8×WN11 and 1×Dan598.The crosses with high TCA for yield per plant were 9×Dan599,3×Wu109,5×Dan598,4×Dan599 and 7×Dan598 and the crosses with high control heterosis for yield per plant were 9×Dan599 and 3×Wu109.Hybridization between the MM population with WN11 and X104 had no advantage,but hybridization between the MM population with Dan598 and Dan599 had large advantages.【Conclusion】 Inbred lines 3,4 and 5 had higher yields of GCA and can be used for the preparation of the combination.Yields of combinations 9×Dan 599 and 3×Wu109 were higher than the contrast and should be further tested.The MM population is consanguinity similar to the population of Lancaster and Reid yellow dent.It was identified as the population possessing the advantages of both populations,and can be used to build heterotic patterns with Ludahonggu population and P population.


This chapter sheds new light on an old puzzle by seeing the old puzzle as part of a broader pattern of facts. The author begins by setting out some basic ideas regarding context sensitivity. The chapter has surveyed binary relational words in French. They have come from all five major lexical classes: adjectives, adverbs, nouns, prepositions and verbs. In every class, it has found binary relational words which permit one of their arguments to remain implicit. Moreover, it has seen that when such arguments remain implicit, their construals fall within a limited range, essentially the range of endophoric and exophoric expressions as well as that of existentially quantified noun phrases. The foregoing says nothing about whether or not the implicit arguments are represented in the syntactic structure of the sentence. Keywords: binary relational words; context sensitivity; endophoric expressions; exophoric expressions; French; implicit arguments


We derive connections between optimal domain specific constants figuring in the Friedrichs-Velte inequality for conjugate harmonic functions, in the Babu\v{s}ka-Aziz inequality for the divergence and in the improved Poincar\'e inequality for the gradient. With the same method we obtain for spatial domains an improved Poincar\'e inequality for the rotation in connection with the corresponding Babu\v{s}ka-Aziz inequality.


Dr. Donner and Dr. Salsburg covered many issues regarding multiple measurements and outcomes. This paper looks at their points from a medical perspective.


This paper presents a newly designed metamorphic hand with a planar reconfigurable and flexible palm, which allows the position and orientation of fingers to be rearranged, making the hand more dexterous and adaptable. To reveal the influence of the reconfigurable palm, forward kinematics model of the Metamorphic hand is established, followed by analysis of the palm workspace. To investigate influence of the palm workspace, this paper introduces the operation-plane normal to represent orientations of the fingers and presents a workspace triangle to represent the extent of palm reconfiguration. Accordingly, the ruled surface and area of workspace triangle are introduced, revealing the beneficial effects of the palm on workspace enlargement. Further, variation of the hand pose and property of manipulation are enhanced by the metamorphic palm. This paper compares the manipulability index between the metamorphic hand and the fastened-palm hand to reveal superiority of the reconfigurable palm. Meanwhile, manipulability under different configurations of the metamorphic palm is compared emphatically, presenting the dexterity variation of this hand.


Present paper deals with the study of Physico-chemical parameters of Mhaswad water reservoir in Satara district of Maharashtra. Monthly variations in the physical and chemical parameters such as atmospheric temperature, water temperature, transparency, pH, dissolved oxygen, total alkalinity, total hardness, chlorides, sulphates, total dissolved solids were investigated for a period of one year (October 2007 to September 2008).All parameters were within permissible limits. This represents that the reservoir is non-polluted and can be used for agriculture, fish culture and domestic use.


Unit I: Foundations of Nursing Care of Families and Family Health Promotion 1. Introduction to Family Health Nursing and Promoting Family Health 2. The Twenty-First Century Family 3. Family Health Promotion and Health Protection Unit II: Conceptual Frameworks for Nursing Practice to Promote and Protect Family Health 4. Theoretical Foundations for Family Health Nursing Practice (NEW) 5. Family Roles 6. Family Social Support 7. Family Communication 8. Family Spirituality and Religion 9. Sociocultural Influences on Family Health Promotion and Health Protection Unit III: Family Nursing Practice 10. Using the Nursing Process with Families (NEW) 11. Family Assessment and Intervention 12. Family Health Protection 13. Family Nutrition 14. Family Stress Management 15. Family Sexuality 16. Family Routines, Rituals, Recreation, and Rules 17. Family Health Promotion During Transitions 18. Family Health Promotion During Life Threatening Illness and End of Life (NEW) 19. Family Environmental Health 20. Health Promotion of Families in Rural Settings (NEW) Unit IV: Social and Family Policy and the Future of Family Health 21. Influences of Social and Health Policies on Family Health 22. Family Health Promotion and Family Nursing in the New Millennium (NEW)


Human mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) can be isolated from bone marrow (BM) and differentiated into multiple lineages. These properties make them promising tools in cell and gene therapy. Up to now, no definite therapeutic intervention for late stages of multiple sclerosis (MS) has been found. We decided to inject MS patients with autologous expanded MSC. Five patients participated in this ongoing study. Patients were injected intrathecally with the culture expanded BM MSCs. Patients were followed monthly for their clinical status and every 3 months re¬garding their magnetic resonance imaging. During 7 months follow up, one patient improved 1.5 EDSS, two patients improved by 1 and 2 scores, and two others remained unchanged till now. The first MRI findings of patients showed no change. We can claim that the injection of expanded MSC is a safe procedure. Three patients showed some de¬gree of improvement and the other two had no progression. Patients should be followed for at least one year and a larger sample is r quired in order to draw a definite conclusion.


The fun process of teaching English in the current covid-19 era is really needed to attract students' interest in learning and restore their psychological prime condition those are depressed having to study from home. Interesting English teaching requires supporting facilities and infrastructure in the implementation process. In the midst of the limitations of schools, teachers and parents in providing these facilities and infrastructure, it does not mean that it is an excuse for teachers not to be able to provide fun learning. By changing the old method (old method), namely learning that focuses on the teacher (teacher centered) to the latest method (direct method), namely learning that focuses on students (students centered) using the CLT (Communicative Language Teaching) approach and is supported by the following techniques: Interesting English learning techniques, along with the use of real media (real models) in each learning process, have changed the old view of English teachers in schools so far. The workshop which was held in August 26, 2021 at Tanjung Pura District, Langkat Regency has created a new spirit for these English teachers to start creating various innovations and creations in the online learning process so that they can create a good and fun English teaching process.


A simulation system of production line orienting CAPE technique is developed in order to make up the scarcity of computer use in production engineering.Hierarchical technique is used to model production line and equipment in real world and multi-agent technique is applied to the control of virtual production line and equipment.Finally an example is carried out to validate the system.


The systems of identification by radio frequency (RFID) are part of the emergent technologies that our country needs to implement in the Sector of the health to optimize the processes that conform the main necks of bottle, as they are it the handling, identification, registry, management and control of clinical histories of each patient. Therefore he is indispensable to create robust solutions based on new made vanguardistas paradigms from the academic investigation. By means of the group of investigation TRHISCUD ("Treaty De Clinical Histories Of the Distrital Universiiy") we have designed and developed a solution for the hospitable systems to traverse of the automatization of clinical histories by means of computer science modules that improve the agility, authenticity and precision in the access to the information through smart cards that they allow to the efficient mobility of the data for an effective management on the part of the system management. Thanks to this, the personnel of the hospital can have critical information in real time, at moments where an error can become creator of a tragedy.


Among different tissues, endothelial/cardiac types require specific factors to promote myocardial regeneration after occurred injuries. Herein, cardiac stem cells (CSCs) as the major cell population that involved in cardiovascular repair were selected to study the role of polyethyleneimine (PEI) agent on endothelial differentiation. After preparation of electrospun network of PEI with polyacrylonitrile, the related characterizations were carried out including scanning electron microscope (SEM), field‐emission SEM, water contact angle, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and mechanical properties. Also, the release kinetic of the corresponding agent was studied up to 7 days. The cell differentiation studies were done in the following with 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay, Real‐time polymerase chain reaction and immunostaining method. The whole obtained results approved the higher differentiation of CSCs into endothelial/cardiac cells. Finally, it is recommended that the PEI delivering increases the healing potency of CSCs and accordingly the regeneration speed of damaged cardiovascular tissue would be improved.


This paper delineates and quantifies the benefits of advanced fault management systems (FMSs) in multiservice, converged Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) core networks. MPLS is a relatively new technology, where fault management is still on a steep learning curve for both infrastructure and services. The FMS value proposition is quantified for a particular system, Lucent Technologies' Navis® Network Fault Manager (NFM), with a comprehensive network-level cost/savings model. This new, bottoms-up approach integrates a detailed single facility failure model (analyzing impacts of network failure alarms and estimating reduction in time-to-repair and time-to-restore when advanced alarm filtering and correlation rules are applied) with an overall network reliability model and then calculates the total cost of ownership and operational savings. Results of this analysis show that an advanced FMS is advantageous to any network, but, in particular, to converged MPLS networks where the multiple protocols required for the multiple applications create complexities in fault management.


The core purpose of the study is to analyze the effects of the energy problems on the competitiveness and performance of major selected Pakistani industries. The data used for the study is from the years 1999 to 2015. The industries used in the research are Leather, Textile, Tobacco, Pharmaceutical, and Sugar. The Balassa Index is firstly used to compute the competitiveness of the above-mentioned industries and reveals that except tobacco industries all other industries sustain a comparative advantage even before and during the crisis regime. Secondly, a GMM estimation is done to analyze the effect of energy problems on the performance of the companies. The conclusion of the paper suggests that the supply of energy has a crucial role in enhancing the net return and competitiveness of the industrial sector in Pakistan.


The article discusses conditions for growing varieties of lettuce in closed photoculture using hydroponic method. The purpose of the study was an agrobiological assessment and development of individual elements of the technology for growing Dutch lettuce varieties Caipira, Crispinet, Almadraba, Azirka, Cristabel, Ezrilla and Ovired in a hydroponic flooded system. We studied two options for the density of plants on the pallets of a hydroponic unit, which provide different crop production efficiencies.


In the karst area,high density resistivity method is used for determining scale and size of karst site.The authors ascertain plane and spatial distribution of karst by engineering drilling method,and analyze the development origin according to the distribution law,further put forward the treatment measures of karst foundation on the basis of domestic present status of geotechnical engineering,finally,review the common ideas and methods of site survey in the karst area for discussing with fellows.


The United States Army constructed hundreds of forts in the American West in the second half of the nineteenth century. Rather than being walled, heavily fortified structures, these forts tended to be open collections of buildings, with barracks, quarters, and other primary buildings facing an open parade ground and secondary buildings laid out in informal patterns on the periphery. Travelers and visitors often likened these forts to villages, recalling New England precedents. Through the landscape it created, the army brought the culture of the Anglo-American East to the frontier, extending its mission beyond military efforts into a cultural sphere.


Metz (1995) criticizes "developmentally based" science curricula as inappropriately constraining science instruction to activities that bear little resemblance to authentic scientific inquiry, which she recommends as a more productive model for science education. Here, I reflect on Metz' recommendations, consider whether research and theory in developmental psychology stand to inform science educators' pursuit of directions of the sort Metz advocates, and propose a "guideposts " rather than "constraints " model of how developmental psychology might inform science educators' efforts.


In August 1763, northern Europe experienced a financial crisis with numerous parallels to the 2008 Lehman Brothers episode. The 1763 crisis was sparked by the failure of a major provider of acceptance loans, a form of securitized credit resembling modern asset-backed commercial paper. The central bank at the hub of the crisis, the Bank of Amsterdam, responded by broadening the range of acceptable collateral for its repo transactions. Analysis of archival data shows that this emergency source of liquidity helped to contain the effects of the crisis, by preventing the collapse of at least two other major securitizers. While the underlying themes seem to have changed little in 250 years, the modest scope of the 1763 liquidity intervention, together with the lightly regulated nature of the eighteenth century financial landscape, provide some informative contrasts with events of late 2008.


ABSTRACT A study of magnetorheological fluids energy absorption capability towards development of composite retrofit technologies for aged helicopters is presented in this article. Design parameters that influence the performance of magnetorheological dampers were identified and evaluated based on the damping force as a measure of compatibility to energy absorption. Tensile, compression, and cyclic loading tests were also conducted experimentally to validate the numerical investigation. An extensive parametric study conveyed that the piston head radius plays a major role in achieving higher damping force. The fundamental behaviors and results of the damping force in the numerical studies were also in a good agreement with the experimental results. The novel parametric numerical analysis framework validated in this article will allow for efficient design and optimization of future dampers. Received 2 August 2013 Accepted 9 January 2015


This study aims to generate reflection processes on the factors that influence the inclusion / exclusion processes of older adults who live in the Sergio Toral 1 cooperative in the city of Guayaquil to promote their participation and integration in their territory. This research represents a contribution to the city of Guayaquil, since it will not only benefit older adults, but, in turn, will deconstruct erroneous perceptions that society presents about aging, hoping that, through this process, direct, educate and transform the community into an inclusive group, leaving aside prejudices and stereotypes deeply rooted in culture. The research has a qualitative design with an exploratory scope. The data were collected through the application of surveys to the elderly, the inhabitants of the community (neighborhood actors), the interviews applied to the elderly, the observation and the social cartography constructed with the neighborhood leaders. Factors such as insecurity, lack of infrastructure, lack of accessible health centers, and fractured communication and interaction circuits between the population of the sector and the elderly affect the perception of exclusion of this age group.


We analyze the generation of solitonlike solutions in a single-component Fermi gas of neutral atoms at zero and finite temperatures with the phase imprinting method. By using both the numerical and analytical calculations, we find the conditions when the quasisolitons, which apparently resemble the properties of solitons in nonlinear integrable equations, do exist in a noninteracting Fermi gas. We present the results for both spatially homogeneous and trapped cases, and emphasize the importance of the Fermi statistics and the absence of the interaction for the existence of such solutions.


In this article, a miniaturization method for a ultrahigh frequency radio frequency identification reader antenna using an artificial magneto‐dielectric is proposed. The miniaturization was achieved using an artificial magneto‐dielectric, realized using a split ring resonator (SRR). The 10 dB return loss bandwidth of the designed antenna ranges from 908.5 to 914 MHz. The measured peak gain is −3.75 dBi and the axial ratio is below 3 dB over the frequency band of interest. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52: 1926–1930, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.25423


Transcultural psychiatry has always had at its heart a critique, implicit or explicit, of mainstream psychiatry and other disciplines. From the early accounts of how differently mental disorder may manifest in different parts of the world, through struggles with how to define and understand so-called ''culture-bound syndromes'', the field has provided a critique of a universalizing, totalizing view of mental disorder in global context. Even struggles within the discipline, which can be caricatured as between those who take a more relativist view of mental disorder as against those who see cultural expressions of illness as different ways of expressing underlying universals, have been couched within a context of debate which sees something naı̈ve and even colonialist in the imposition of a ''one size fits all'' international diagnostic system for mental disorder. Indeed, included in the Aims and Scope for this journal, is specific mention of interest in ''cultural critique of biomedical ('Western') psychiatric theory and practice''. There have been many successes in the history of transcultural psychiatry. It is probably no longer possible (as it might once have been) to teach courses on psychiatry and mental health without referring to issues of cultural diversity. Not all of this success can be laid at the door of the disciplines which contribute to the field of transcultural psychiatry. Increased mobility throughout the world, hybridization of countries in the global north as a result of migration, globalization and the dramatic penetration of information and communication technologies into what were once considered remote parts of the globe have all played their part in making issues of transcultural psychiatry central to contemporary practice. Even the (often implicit but widely understood) canonical couple at the heart of much transcultural psychiatric enquiry, the white doctor and the ''alien'' black patient, is slowly being replaced, with many of the important clinicians within the field not Commentary


This essay aims to serve as an intervention in the longstanding controversy about the political usefulness of Foucault's work. As I have argued elsewhere, this debate privileges Foucault's early and middle work and either ignores his later work or trivializes it as merely aesthetic.1 This seems odd given that Foucault's later work clearly focuses on ethics in a broad sense, in other words, ethics as embedded in social and historical systems and political contexts. While Foucault's early and middle work (his archaeologies and genealogies, respectively) emphasize the ways that subjects are constituted through language, practices and institutions (all of which normalize), his later work focuses on practices of the self that aim at freedom. I believe that Foucault's focus on ethics in his later work is not a departure from his earlier work, but a continuation of the exploration of the relationship between subjectivity, and historical and social context. In this essay I examine the notions of parrhesia and governmentality, both of which are discussed in Foucault's later work, as mediating relations between individuals and the State. And I explore the potential of friendship, also discussed in Foucault's later work, to transform individuals, social relations and the State. As is well known, a number of critics argue that Foucault's work undermines liberatory political projects because of its notions of the subject, power, and norms.2 American feminist critics have been particularly wary of Foucault, and in turn have shifted the direction of Anglo-American feminism away from Foucault in particular and postmodernism in general. Feminists continue to disagree about the political usefulness of Foucault's work. Because feminism is not merely a philosophical approach, but a political project that aims to end women's oppression, figuring out whether Foucault is "feminist friendly" has important implications not only philosophically, but also politically. For this reason I foeus on the feminist criticisms of Foucault. Feminists turn to Foucault's work on the care of the self and the practices of the self to see if it can serve as a corrective to what they see as an overly determined conception of subjectivity in his earlier works.3 Although some find resources in Foucault's later work to think about agency, freedom, and autonomy, they criticize the notion of the subject in Foucault's later works as merely aesthetic and individualistic. I show that Foucault's later work on the self is not simply about an aesthetic and individualized self as critics claim.41 argue that for Foucault, as for feminists, self-transformation is an ethical project that requires relationships, including friendships. As noted above, not all feminists dismiss Foucault. Many have found his notions of power-knowledge, and his criticism of universals helpful in exposing the masculinist bias of the history of traditional Western philosophy. His focus on the body, too, provides resources for feminism, as I argue in Feminism, Foucault and Embodied Subjectivity. Here I hope to not only counter feminist criticisms of Foucault, but also to further explore the convergence between the concerns of feminists and Foucault by examining the issue of friendship as a morally significant and politically important relationship. In an interview three years before his death, "Friendship as a Way of Life," Foucault explores the idea of friendship between gay men as a non-normalizing relationship, a relationship outside of current social strictures and limitations. In this interview and in other later essays and interviews, one of Foucault's central concerns is freedom. The freedom that Foucault advocates is not simply the negative freedom characterized as freedom from restrictions (indeed, this type of freedom is neither desirable nor possible according to Foucault). Rather he argues in essays such as "What is Enlightenment?" and "Care of the Self as a Practice of Freedom," that freedom involves engaged social critique that aims at both self-transformation and social transformation. …


Wetland ecosystems of Lushui Reservoir are typical and representative. However,with the rapid development of surrounding towns and cities,the water has been more and more seriously polluted. An national patent " landscape recycled water treatment wetland systems suitable for urban communities" has been adopted. By applying eco-treatment technology of optimizing the ditches- embankments- wetland structure and restoring and enhancing vegetation,sewage of reservoir tributaries has been cleaned and wetland environment has been restored,which meets the need of ecological treatment of Lushui Reservoir outfalls.