Oxidative stress results from a disequilibrium between production and their elimination by cellular antioxidant systems. This leads to the accumulation of ROS that have a deleterious effect on vital biological macromolecules. It is now well established that cancer cells exhibit a pro-oxidant state due to metabolic and genetic abnormalities. The disequilibrium in redox homeostasis in cancer cells promotes genomic instability leading to the activation of oncogenes, mitochondrial dysfunction and an alteration in antioxidants activities. All these events can further escalate ROS levels, causing more DNA damage and genetic instability. This vicious cycle is "beneficial" for the process of carcinogenesis and numerous reports have indeed proven the pivotal role of ROS in cancer initiation, cell migration, invasion and metastasis. In order to cope with this sustained redox deregulation, cancer cells, very likely, utilize the full antioxidant capacity of their enzymatic and non-enzymatic systems. Cancer cells are thus highly dependent on their antioxidant systems and especially antioxidant enzymes. Keeping with this, targeting the enzymatic antioxidant system could be an efficient strategy to preferentially kill cancer cells by increasing intracellular ROS levels beyond a certain "threshold" of tolerance eventually leading to specific cancer cell death. In this review we present an overview on ROS generation and focus on the implication of ROS in cancer initiation, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, cell migration, invasion and metastasis, as well as the cancer stem-like phenotype. We finally present different therapeutic approaches that target the enzymatic antioxidant system in order to selectively kill cancer cells.


Abstract : This study is concerned with two basic techniques for measuring oscillatory and transient hydraulic pressures: use of a standard fluid line transducer (in-line) and a transducer clamped to the outside of the line (clamp-on). Both transducers were installed in a laboratory hydraulic system side by side. Several sets of runs were made under various conditions. Measurements taken indicated deviations between the two transducers as high as + or - 20%. The clamp-on transducer was affected by the line vibrations and should be used in a hydraulic system with some limitations. The experimental measurements were compared with the theoretical results from a frequency response computer program. The measured oscillatory pressures were up to 30% greater than those predicted by the computer. (Author)


Global and regional land cover data is the foundational base for studies on land surface processes and modeling and land cover remote sensing mapping is important information for supporting studies on global change and regional sustainable development.Mapping accuracy assessment has a great significance to both data producers and data users,and to some extent,it is incomplete for the study of remote sensing mapping of land cover without an accuracy validation.From 2007 to 2009,two land cover datasets of China at the scale of 1∶250 000 in the 1980s and circa 2005 were produced jointly by eight institutes of Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS),respectively,including Institute of Remote Sensing Applications(IRSA) and Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research(IGSNRR).In order to evaluate the accuracy of this remote sensing mapping of land cover in circa 2005,a field survey was carried out in the Poyang Lake area in August,2011,and 321 sampling sites of land cover categories including fixed-points validation,GPS points and interpretation keys were collected.Considering the conspicuous impact of time factor on the accuracy validation of remote sensing mapping,this paper removes 34 samples relating to time differences,and takes advantage of the hierarchical assessment method to compare the actual categories of land cover in field and those in remote sensing mapping at 287 survey sites at two scales,i.e.level-1 and level-2 land cover category,respectively,and uses the scoring method for assessing the mapping accuracy,that is,one point is scored if land cover category is classified correctly,and zero if land cover category is classified incorrectly.The results show that:(1) The overall mapping accuracy of land cover data of China in the Poyang Lake area based on 287 sampling sites at the level-1 scale is 61.67%,of which wetland/water body,farmland and forest with 19,124 and 20 sampling sites reaches 100%,98.4% and 80.0%,respectively.(2) The overall mapping accuracy of land cover dataset in 2005 at the level-2 category is 44.25%,of which the accuracy of two grass and three forest and one cropland level-2 categories is 0,and the very low accuracy of dry land,urban and rural settlement is 21.1%,29.0% and 1.7%,respectively.The dataset of land cover at the scale of 1∶250 000 in 2005 reflects the status of land cover in the Poyang Lake area well.However,there are still a lot of difficulties of different land cover categories,especially for atypical and transitional categories,such as forests and grasslands,that can be distinguished accurately only through the technology of remote sensing.


This article analyzed the merits of radiation breeding combining tissue culture,and concluded the application of this compound breeding technique.The basic technique way of radiation breeding combining tissue culture was summarized.It pointed out that different plants or different materials have different radiation effect,and provided some references of radiation parameters for breeders.Finally the future research direction was conducted.


The patient a 24 year old woman presented in an externally poor state of general health with extreme emaciation. She had been treated previously for anorexia nervosa without success. At the hospital laparotomy revealed a severe localized jejunal stenosis. This was treated by resection of the small intestine with subsequent termino-terminal jejuno-jejunostomy. Pathomorphologic analysis of the intestinal material revealed a moderately differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma infiltrating all layers of the intestinal wall and growing into the adjacent mesenterium in places. Further examination detected a right-side ovarian tumor. A re-laparotomy was performed followed by a salpingo-oophorectomy. In addition to the carcinometastasis an ectopic pregnancy was found in the right ovary. Directly following surgery 1000 mg cyclophosphamide was administered parenterally. Over 1 year later the patient returned in good general health. She was diagnosed as having tumors in each ovary. Therapy with cis-platinum in 6 massive doses of 80 mg each at 6 week intervals was followed by surgery which uncovered a large tumor in the left ovary and metastases up to 3 cm large on the uterus lateral pelvic walls and in the omentum. Since radical surgery was no longer possible a subtotal hysterectomy with left side salpingo-oophorectomy therapeutic omentectomy and therapeutic appendectomy were carried out.


Spatial scheduling is the key process that constraints the productivity and time in offshore structure construction. However, block processing times are usually uncertain in reality. To address the uncertain characteristics of block processing times and the effects on construction makespan, a heuristic genetic algorithm approach was proposed. This paper presents a fuzzy triangular model to represent the uncertain processing times. We not only focused on the optimisation of block layouts and construction makespan, but also investigated the effects between the fuzzy makespan and the uncertainty of it. Real data are used in our empirical study to support the model. Sensitive analysis by changing uncertainty spread was conducted and results revealed that the uncertainty of fuzzy makespan imposed a non-linear negative effect on makespan. In real application, practitioners can assign greater weight to processing uncertainty when task is time oriented or less weight when task is just-in-time oriented.


Abstract In this paper we introduce the concept of a semi-terminal object in a category. Analogous to the fact that limit sources are terminal objects in comma categories we have that mono-sources are semi-terminal objects in comma categories. We show that right adjoints preserve semi-terminal objects, which provides an alternative proof (via coma categories) of the fact that right adjoints preserve mono-sources. We also prove that, under suitable conditions every semi-terminal object is G-indiscrete in the sense of H. Ohlhoff ([5] and [6]), where G: A + X denotes a functor. This generalizes the well-known fact that in an algebraic category every mono-source is G-initial (H. Herrlich and G.E. Strecker [3], 32.8 and S.S. Hong [4]).


Fe2O3 thin films obtained by the sol-gel technique from ethanolic solutions of Fe(OEt)3 have been deposited on pure silica and heat treated at two different temperatures. Preliminary thermogravimetric (TG) measurements on the precursor were carried out in order to evaluate the weight loss as a function of temperature and heat-treatment time. Chemical characterization of the films was obtained by XPS and UV–VIS spectroscopies. The bulk of the film heated at 500 °C did not show residual carbon. The corresponding UV–VIS spectrum was well structured in the 15 000–50 000 cm–1 region due to charge-transfer and inner-oxygen transitions. XRD measurements showed an amorphous pattern for the sample heated at 200 °C, whereas a diffraction peak corresponding to haematite (α-Fe2O3) nanocrystals was observed for the film heated at 500 °C.


Tourism utilization of industrial heritage is a meaningful way to balance heritage conservation and economic development. As a linear cultural heritage that runs through northeast China, Chinese Eastern Railway (CER) carries the historical and cultural memory of all places along the line, so it is of great significance to evaluate its suitability for tourism development. This study takes 24 towns along CER in Heilongjiang Province as research samples. Based on the theory of sustainable tourism and heritage protection, it constructs a suitability evaluation system of industrial heritage tourism development that includes five categories of 20 indicators such as heritage resources, natural environment, social environment, transportation accessibility, and tourism service facilities. Group Decision and Entropy Weight method give the weight of each index to calculate the total score. Then the score results are input into SPSS for cluster analysis. According to the classification results, the "Region-Town" industrial heritage tourism development framework of towns along CER in Heilongjiang Province is proposed: Implement district development to form complementary advantages; Make proper strategic positioning of town development to enhance the competitiveness of the towns in heritage tourism.


By exploiting recent advances in optical couplers, we introduce the concept of a quasi-PT-symmetric lasing system with balanced gain and loss. Loss compensation (LC) symmetry is investigated for an asymmetric waveguide coupler composed of two unequally sized cylinders with gain and loss. It is shown that the LC-symmetric threshold (exceptional point) exists for the TE operating modes of the coupler provided that the constitutive parameters and dimensions of the coupler are properly selected.


Introduction: Cytokines are essential polypeptides for inflammatory response, which are produced at the site of injury. Their overproduction generates hemodynamic instability and may play an important role in pain. Recent evidence have suggested that TNF mediates central mechanisms of neuropathic pain through glial cells via activation of the p38-MAPK system. IL-1? is also released during inflammatory and neuropathic pain conditions activating immune response and signal transduction both in the periphery and the central nervous system (CNS). Intrathecal injection of inflammatory cytokines induce hyperalgesia, allodynia and increases chronic pain and it is a viable and widely used animal model. Objectives : In order to standardize the technique, the present work has investigated the hyperalgesic effects of TNF and IL-1? when administered intrathecally in mice. Material and Methods:  Male Swiss mice (n=6) received TNF (500ng) or IL-1? (1000pcg) or sterile saline as control intrathecally. Mechanical sensitivity was measured with an electronic Von Frey apparatus after 1, 2, 3 and 4 hours of the injections. Results: When administered intrathecally, TNF and IL-1? significantly decreased mechanical sensitivity after 2 and 3 hours of the injection when compared to control group in mice. Maximum inhibition was 53±11% for TNF and 72±3% for IL-1? after 3 hours of the injection. Discussion and Conclusion: All results of the present work show that intrathecal injection of cytokines cause hyperalgesia in mice after 2 and 3 hours of the injection. Performing tests of mechanical sensitivity with von Frey establishes a relationship between cytokines and pain. It is possible that increased sensitivity of mice to IL-1? is due to greater range of inflammatory mediators activated by it. This study is crucial to understand the function of these cytokines in the CNS, and the relation of its changes with various diseases.


Introduction: Whereas previous experimental studies [1,2,3] and interpretation of Apollo seismic experiments [4,5] are permissive for garnet in the deep lunar mantle, interpretations of Lu-Hf isotopic systematics [6] and trace element data [7] seem to require garnet in the source of selected mare basalts. Understanding the mineralogy of the deep lunar mantle is critical to our further interpretation of the structure of the Moon and modeling early lunar differentiation. Also, as it has been suggested that some mare basalts may be the product of melting that was initiated at depths to 1000 km, the stability of phases such as garnet may affect basalt composition and magma transport. To better understand melting in the deep lunar mantle we have initiated a study that focuses upon both the trace element characteristics of mare basalts and pyroclastic glasses and the high pressure (> 2.5 GPa) phase equilibria of pyroclastic glass compositions. Here we report the initial high pressure results on picritic glass compositions and ion probe trace element study of the pyroclastic glasses with an emphasis on elements that could potentially be fractionated by garnet. In addition to continuing this line of experiments, an additional facet of this study will focus upon a comparison of trace elements between mare basalts and pyroclastic glasses using comparable ion probeICP-MS data sets. Analytical Approach: For this study, we initially started with the Apollo 15 and 17 pyroclastic glasses. Prior to trace element analysis, individual glasses were imaged and analyzed using a JEOL 733 superprobe. Selected trace elements (Sc, Y, Zr, Ce, Yb, Hf, Hf) that would be useful in evaluating the presence of garnet in the source were measured using the Cameca ims 4f operated on the University of New Mexico campus by IOM. Analyses were made using primary O ions accelerated through a nominal potential of 10.0 kV. A primary beam current of 20 nA was focused on the sample over a spot diameter of 20 μm. Sputtered secondary ions were energy filtered using a sample offset voltage of 105 V and an energy window of ± 25 V. Analyses involved repeated cycles of peak counting. The analytical procedure included counting on a background position to monitor detection noise. Absolute concentrations of each element were calculated using empirical relationships of Trace Element/ Si ratios (normalized to known SiO2 content) to element concentrations as derived from daily calibration. Calibration curve was constructed using multiple glass standards (> 3) for each element. Calibration curves for each element have correlation coefficients of greater than 0.97. Average values for Hf for the green and orange glasses as determined by ion probe are 0.63 and 7.3 ppm, respectively. The average values for Hf for bulk Apollo 15 green and Apollo 17 orange glasses are 0.6 and 5.8 ppm, respectively All analyses are referenced to a single basalt glass standard that will then be used as a comparative reference to future ICPMS analysis of crystalline mare basalts. Experimental Approach: High pressure experiments are being carried out in the IOM high pressure experimental lab at pressures between 2.0 and 4.5 GPa using synthetic Apollo 15 green C glass and Apollo 14 black glass compositions. These compositions span nearly the entire range of lunar pristine glasses, and these pressures range to the deepest parts of the lunar mantle. Results: High Pressure Experiments. Apollo 15 green glass C is saturated with garnet and clinopyroxene at 4.5 GPa and 1775°C (Fig. 1). Additional experiments will determine which phase is on the liquidus.


THE STARTLING AND OFTEN fatal occurrence of hemorrhage in various mem-ers of the same family led to early recognition of the fact that hemorrhagic disease is often an inherited characteristic. The first description in the medical literature, by Dr. John Otto in 1803, concerned a severe hemorrhagic disorder occurring in males but transmitted by females. Today we recognize many different types of hemorrhagic disease due to deficiencies of coagulation factors, to platelet abnormalities, or to defects in the vascular system. This communica-tion concerns two of the most common: Hemophilia (AHF deficiency) and PTC deficiency (Hemophilia B or Christmas disease). Although these disorders are due to deficiencies of distinctly different proteins, they are similar in clinical symptoms and in inheritance pattern. Both occur almost entirely in males, and are due to a partially recessive gene on the X chromosome (Didisheim, Ferguson and Lewis, Collins, Godwin and Brinkhous, Verstraete Vandenbroucke, Didisheim Vandervoort, Clinical Material: This study concerns 202 patients suffering from and 136 carriers hemophilia and 60 patients and 35 carriers of PTC deficiency. These individuals have been seen over a ten-year period and come from two different geographical areas:


2,4-Pyridinedicarboxylic acid (2,4-PDCA) extends the vase life of cut flowers of spray-type carnations by accelerating flower opening as well as retarding senescence. Since 2,4-PDCA can inhibit 2-oxoglutaratedependent dioxygenases, which include enzymes for gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis and catabolism, we hypothesized that GA might be involved in the enhancing effect of 2,4-PDCA on the flower opening of carnation. In this study, we tested this possibility by examining the changes in gene expression of DELLA protein (GAI), a negative regulator of GA signaling, and GA levels in carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L. 'Light Pink Barbara (LPB)') flowers treated with 2,4-PDCA. We also analyzed the expression of cell expansion-related genes, xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase (XTH), and expansin genes as markers of flower opening in the treated flowers. The transcript level of GAI gene was increased, whereas that of expansin was decreased, in petals of the 2,4-PDCA-treated flowers compared to those of the control, which was contrary to the enhancement of flower opening. Our results suggest that the changes in the expression of these genes are not associated with the enhancing effects of 2,4-PDCA. In addition, GA3 content tended to be decreased by 2,4PDCA treatment in the petals of opening flowers. Flower opening was not accelerated, but rather delayed, by treatment of flower buds with exogenous GA3 and not affected by paclobutrazol, an inhibitor of GA biosynthesis, in 'LPB' carnation. These results suggest that endogenous GA is not associated with the enhancement of flower opening by 2,4-PDCA in carnation.


The purpose of this study is to describe the principal problems and difficulties facing producers of fuels in the area of recovery of raw materials. The study is divided between the improvements in resource recovery technology and the impact of resource recovery on environment. Oil and natural gas have the greatest utility of form of all the fuels available today. Because of this and because supplies of them have been available, they have taken nearly all the growth in consumption in the last 2 decades. The early 1970s have been times of rapid changes in oil and gas production. World resources of these fuels almost certainly are adequate to supply the world's needs for many years to come, but in spite of this, the availability of future supplies is not certain. The principal cause of this situation is the wave of a nationalistic sentiment that has been sweeping the world. The oil and gas production throughout most of the world has been developed by companies foreign to the producing areas, and the governments of producing countries have made it clear that they will honor contracts only when it suits their convenience. It is from this situation that the uncertainty asmore » to future supply results.« less


We study the problem of optimal recovery in the case of a nonsymmetric convex class of functions. In particular we show that adaptive methods may be much better than nonadaptive methods. We define certain Gelfand-type widths that are useful for nonsymmetric classes and prove relations to optimal error bounds for adaptive and nonadaptive methods, respectively.


We measured the spatial distribution of a local tunneling barrier height by means of the AC height modulation method. We performed this measurement on clean Si(111)7×7 surfaces and the surfaces exposed to O2 gas. On clean surfaces, 7×7 structures, which are the same as those in topographic images, were observed in the tunneling barrier height mode. It was found that the spatial distribution of local tunneling barrier height was modified along a step. It was also found that the topography and the spatial distribution of local tunneling barrier height were modified by exposure to O2 gas.


Although purchase history has been used by enterprise, it also contains valuable information for consumers. This paper develops Receipt Log Service Platform, where every user can store the purchase history from own receipts (we call Receipt Log), and can use the data for various consumer services. The proposed platform consists of three components: receipt scanner, ReceiptLog DB and ReceiptLog API. The receipt scanner digitizes daily receipts, and the ReceiptLog DB manages the scanned data. The ReceiptLog API provides the Receipt Log as a service. The API consists of the basicAPI providing fundamental access for the Receipt Log, whereas the miningAPI performing statistical analysis over the Receipt Log. These APIs are published as Web services, which can used by multiple applications and services for various purposes. also implement two applications using the proposed platform. The one is "Sma-sho", which supports user's shopping with receipt log. The other is "ReciLog", which shares receipts within community. For each of the applications, we conduct experimental evaluation with actual subjects, in order to see the usefulness of services with Receipt Log. Keywords—receiptlog, Web services, database, social network service


Duplicated source code -- clones -- is known to occur frequently in software systems and bears the risk of inconsistent updates of the code. The impact of clones has been investigated mostly by retrospective analysis of software systems. Only little effort has been spent to investigate human interaction when dealing with clones. A previous study by Chatterji and colleagues found that cloned defects are removed significantly more accurately when clone information is provided to the programmers. We conducted a controlled experiment to extend the previous study on the use of clone information by investigating the effect of clone information on the performance of developers in common bug-fixing tasks. The experiment shows that developers are quite capable to compensate missing clone information through testing to provide correct solutions. Clone information does help to detect cloned defects faster, although developers may exploit semantic code relations such as inheritance to uncover cloned defects only slightly slower if they do not have clone information. If cloned defects lurk in semantically unrelated places however, clone information helps to find them faster at statistical significance. Developers without clone information needed 17 minutes longer on average or 140% more time in relative terms to complete the task successfully.


SummaryA method was studied for the gaschromatogniphic separation and determination of 11-deoxy-17-ketosteroids. After enzymatic hydrolysis and solvolysis the urinary extract was purified by chromatography on a column of alumina. The steroids were converted to their trimethylsilyl ethers and separated by gas chromatography on a XE 60 2 % or a XE 60 0,60 % and SE 30 0,35 % column.The results found for dehydroepiandrosterone after different ways of hydrolysis with gaschromatography or the colorimetric Pettenkofer reaction were compared.


Nonlinear optical measurements in strip‐loaded channel waveguides of poly(4‐BCMU) at 1.319 μm are reported. Using a pulse‐modulated interferometry method, the intensity‐dependent refractive index is found to have an electronic contribution, n2=(4.8±2.7)×10−8 cm2/MW, and an estimated thermal contribution, n2=−(7.9±4.5)×10−11 cm2/MW, for 60 pS laser pulses at 76 MHz. The two‐photon absorption coefficient β is less than 0.25 cm/GW. Figures‐of‐merit suggest that poly(4‐BCMU) has properties desirable for all‐optical devices, but that fabrication losses and thermal effects due to absorption will limit device performance.


From the point of view of satellite monitoring, construction objects include fixed objects of artificial origin (buildings and structures for various purposes), created from building materials and lying directly on the earth's surface. Someone can conditionally divide the life cycle of a construction object into initial, main and final stages. From the point of view of satellite, ground, aerial photography it is possible to distinguish building objects at the initial, main and final stages from each other. In this case, not all initial stages are exposed to the images, and additional conditions are required to distinguish the final stages in the images (the same applies to the main stages). We can produce the current stage of the life cycle of a building object for various reasons. The paper considers some features of deciphering construction objects at the initial and final stages of their life cycle, primarily in an emergency and abandoned state. Relevant types of construction objects are identified, the structure of decoding signs is determined, and decoding areas are established, we derive the signs themselves for different construction objects. An experiment on the detection of abandoned construction sites on several databases is given.


The origin of wars can be traced to the origin of human society. But, today the threat of an armed conflict to the human society in more than ever. This threat is also a reflection of the failure of International Community in achieving its purpose. This composition intends to analyse the concept of 'armed conflict', the importance of different facets of health care, how health care receives a set back during times of aggression with reference to the current picture and the resultant traumatic health patterns. Also, this work aims at a critical appraisal of the existing International Humanitarian Law along with the problems of its implementation and its advancement in the future necessitated by the increasingly dangerous warfare techniques. The paper concludes with a wake up siren for the world community before it's too late for the human society to protect its kingdom.


Machines of chainstitches 104 create imitation of hand stitches 209 from one material side. Every hand stitch is formed from two threads, therefore the seams are more accented and very short length pick stitches are larger than created seams from real hand stitches 209. The length of the hand stitches is determined by the distance between a sewing needle and a hook needle of the machine. To create different length hand stitches a gauge set of the machine has to be changed. Because of different appearance of the stitches on top and bottom fabric surfaces the machines are used for top stitching of seams which are seen on a ready garment from one side only. In men suit manufacturing there are: top stitching of a jacket's lining, top stitching on pockets, fronts, etc. of jackets, vests, trousers. There are also available chainstitch 104 machines which create different variations of the hand stitches: double row hand stitches, parallel hand stitches, angular hand stitches. Comparing with the machines of real hand stitches 209, the machines of chainstitches 104 are much lower priced and have much higher productivity .


The first Floating Gate Transistor (metal-insulator-metal-insulator structure) was proposed by Kahng and Sze in 1967 [1]. Using the floating gate voltage value, capacitive coupling coefficients can be found out at different bias conditions as required. Once these have been found out for a particular technology, the values of the capacitances can be found out and implemented in the given model. The charge present on the gate has to be calculated using the transient models of hot electron programming and Fowler nordheim tunneling. These can be incorporated and thus the model can be extended to the transient conditions as well. The SPICE equivalent model is designed and Current Voltage characteristics and Transfer characteristics are comparatively analyzed.


In this issue of Circulation: Cardiovascular Interventions , Im et al1 are assessing the fate and clinical significance of optical coherence tomography (OCT)–detected incomplete stent apposition (ISA) in drug-eluting stents (DESs). This work is addressing an important clinical question because interventional cardiologists are obsessed with achieving optimal stent expansion since the early days of coronary stent implantation, and this is still today considered the best way to prevent acute and long-term sequelae such as stent thrombosis. Indeed, intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) studies unveiled the prominent role of stent underexpansion in the pathogenesis of stent thrombosis in the past.2 Therefore, optimal stent expansion allowing to achieve a high acute lumen gain is of concern ever since. This knowledge triggered the development of improved stent design and high-pressure balloons, as well as the use of invasive imaging technologies, such as IVUS, to diagnose stent underexpansion. Back then, complete apposition of the stent struts against the vessel wall3 was an implicit prerequisite for optimal stent expansion. ISA, defined as the absence of contact of ≥1 stent strut with the vessel wall, became an entity in its own right in the late 1990s with the introduction of intracoronary brachytherapy and the IVUS observation of late-acquired ISA.4 This interest extended later, in the beginning of the millennium, to the first-generation DES.5, …


The operational environment of the Space Station will differ considerably from the previous short term missions such as the Spacelabs. Limited crew availability combined with the near continuous operation of Space Station facilities will require a high degree of facility automation. This paper will discuss current efforts to develop automated flight hardware for advanced protein crystal growth on the Space Station. Particular areas discussed will be the automated monitoring of key growth parameters for vapor diffusion growth and proposed mechanisms for control of these parameters. A history of protein crystal growth efforts will be presented in addition to the rationale and need for improved protein crystals for X-ray diffraction. The facility will be capable of simultaneously processing several hundred protein samples at various temperatures, pH's, concentrations etc., and provide allowances for real time variance of growth parameters.


Before the development of TIC in the educational context and schools attempts to insert the computer into the classroom, often misguided way, where the use of technology, which should be a didactic instrument, is converted into an end in itself, this article aimed to analyze the process of insertion of the educational laptop in the teaching and learning of teachers and students of the EMEF "Jose Benigo Gomes" of Sud Mennucci, who participates in the UCA Project (a computer per student). The main theorists who paved the way this article were Valente (1999) and Levy (1999). Already the research data were obtained through documentary analysis. Among the results is that the integration of technologies and disciplinary content goes beyond equipping lab and empower teachers to using machines, this is inserted in accordance with the school's Pedagogical Political Project.


Nuclear factor-� B (NF-� B) is a transcription factor that is activated in response to various inflammatory stimuli such as cytokines, growth factors, hormones, mitogens, carcinogens, chemotherapeutic agents, viral products, eukaryotic parasites, endotoxin, fatty acids, metals, radiation, hypoxia, and psychological, physical, oxidative, and chemical stresses. In addition, constitutively active NF-�B is frequently encountered in a wide variety of tumors, including breast, ovarian, colon, pancreatic, thyroid, prostate, lung, head and neck, bladder, and skin cancers; B-cell lymphoma; Hodgkin's disease; T-cell lymphoma; adult T-cell leukemia; acute lymphoblastic leukemia; multiple myeloma; chronic lymphocytic leukemia; and acute myelogenous leukemia. Furthermore, NF-�B activation has been shown to regulate the expression of over 400 genes involved in cellular transformation, proliferation, inflammation, viral replication, antiapoptosis, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis, oxidative stress, and osteoclastogenesis. Therefore, because of the critical role NF- �B plays in the pathogenesis of cancer, specific inhibitors of this factor are being sought. Agents that prevent cancer or inflammation have been found to suppress NF-� B activation. Although IBkinase is the major kinase, over 30 different protein kinases have been linked to the activation of NF-�B by different stimuli. The development of a drug that can specifically suppress NF-�B activation requires a full understanding of the mechanism by which NF-�B is activated in response to these various stimuli.


The signals of voltage and input current of electrical networks nowadays are not sinusoidal. Currently, among the parameters of reactive power, the most interesting is the reactive power of the fundamental component of the spectrum. At the same time, to measure the parameters of the reactive power of the fundamental component, the approaches to measure sinusoidal current and voltage signals can be used. Most measurement methods of the sinusoidal signal reactive power are based on a phase shift of the voltage at an 90 degrees angle and the subsequent application of one of the well-known methods of the active power measurement. Among the known methods of the measurement of the reactive power of a sinusoidal signal can be distinguished: the time delay method, the integration method, the preliminary differentiation method, and the integration-differentiation method. The main cause of the errors in the considered measurement methods is the effect of the voltage and current harmonics and the input signal frequency deviation from the nominal value. In this paper, the analysis of the effect of these parameters on the measurement error of the reactive power of the fundamental spectral component for the above measurement methods was performed. The obtained analytical relationships allow estimating the reactive power measurement error when the input frequency deviates from the nominal value. The application of a discrete unit delay block for as a time delay block is considered. For the integration method the implementation based on a first-order digital integrator is considered. For the differentiation method, the implementation based on a first-order digital differentiator is considered. Simulation modeling was performed by Matlab and Simulink packages, which confirms the validity of the analytical expressions obtained. The comparison of the considered methods from the point of view of implementation complexity and error of reactive power measurement is made. It is shown that among the considered measurement methods the integration-differentiation method has the smallest error.


One of the main risk factors of ischaemic heart disease is the dyslipidaemia. In the development of altered lipid metabolism genetic factors play a significant role. The hereditary backgrounds have to be known in order to reveal the most important possibilities in diagnostics and prevention.


Porous SiO2 scaffolds with mesopore structure (named as MS scaffolds) have been proposed as suitable for bone tissue engineering due to their excellent drug-delivery ability; however, the mineralization and cytocompatibility of MS scaffolds are far from optimal for bone tissue engineering, and it is also unclear how the delivery of drugs from MS scaffolds affects osteoblastic cells. The aims of the present study were to improve the mineralization and cytocompatibility of MS scaffolds by coating mussel-inspired polydopamine on the pore walls of scaffolds. The effects of polydopamine modification on MS scaffolds were investigated with respect to apatite mineralization and the attachment, proliferation and differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), as was the release profile of the drug dexamethasone (DEX). Our results show that polydopamine can readily coat the pore walls of MS scaffolds and that polydopamine-modified MS scaffolds have a significantly improved apatite-mineralization ability as well as better attachment and proliferation of BMSCs in the scaffolds, compared to controls. Polydopamine modification did not alter the release profile of DEX from MS scaffolds but the sustained delivery of DEX significantly improved alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of BMSCs in the scaffolds. These results suggest that polydopamine modification is a viable option to enhance the bioactivity of bone tissue engineering scaffolds and, further, that DEX-loaded polydopamine MS scaffolds have potential uses as a release system to enhance the osteogenic properties of bone tissue engineering applications.


Competing industry through outsourcing becomes a rule in electronics and computer industries, different types of contract electronics manufacturers (CEMs) are emerged to be value-adding manufacturing suppliers for their outsourcing buyers. Two major types of CEMs. They are Taiwanese ODM (own-design manufacturing) suppliers and EMS (electronics manufacturing services) companies based in US. This research paper based on case study and applies Professor Michael E. Procter's "Five Forces Model Analysis" ,"SWOT" Analysis to analyze the competitive advantage of EMS industry. Than provide the suggestions for the EMS company to make the successful development strategy. This study found that EMS industry's competitive advantage based on its Time to Market, R&D engineering, globe footprint, and vertical integration. In order to strengthen competitive advantage, the participants should develop their core competences and key success factors to pursue corporate competitive strategies.


nat U targets are irradiated with 50 MeV/u 18 O ions.The Pa sample sources separated chemically are measured using a HPGe detector.A new neutron rich isotope, 239 Pa,has been identified for the first time by observation of the growth and decay of 239 U daughter.The half life of 239 Pa has been determined to be (106±30)min.


This article aims to analyze the perception of graduates of the course of Letters of the State University of Maranhao, Campus Balsas, about the curricular component "Philosophy of Education" in teacher education. The conception of the relations between the thinking and the pedagogical doing in the Philosophy of Education classes can be a differential in the teacher formation. Methodologically, analytical and explanatory research was used with the aid of questionnaires. The public was selected by the random sample, especially those who worked in basic education. The analysis of quantitative and qualitative content summarized the main categories revealed in the research, namely: 1. Philosophy of Education: problematization and reflection on educational issues; 2. Critical-reflective educational thinking in the philosophical aspect; 3. The constitution of human values in the formation of the citizen. In view of this, it was found that the discipline provided the graduates with subsidies for problematizing, reflexive and critical actions on pedagogical issues in a radical, rigorous and joint manner, according to the precepts proposed by Saviani.


The aim of this study is to determine the alcohol residue in perfumery products claimed to be alcohol-free using the automated headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-GC-MS) method. This method successfully determined the residual ethanol in 26 perfumery products to be in the range of 7.31- 611.64 µg/mL. The linear concentration range is 0.2-1000 ppm and the correlation coefficient is relatively good (R =0.998). The results show that the method has an excellent measurement precision (RSD < 3.8%) and 2 accuracy recovery of 97.3 ± 3.7%. The analysis requires no sample pre-treatment and the method is very simple, reliable and rapid. This method provides an invaluable analytical tool for the quality control of perfumery products and can be used in routine analysis.


This article is set in global resource competition,selects 2003-2010 monthly data of outward FDI of Chinese resource-based enterprises,and it is based on modified expressions of Cobb-Douglas production function.It applies Johansen co-integration test to study the reverse technology spillover effects of outward FDI of Chinese resource-based enterprises.The research results testify that the reverse technology spillover effects of FDI of Chinese resource-based enterprises are very week and outward FDI of Chinese resource-based enterprises is at the stage of extensive resource contention.It can't assimilate the international advance technology effectively.


In almost every European country the majority of post war multi-storey dwellings is outdated regarding space offered, level of comfort and especially energy performance. In the Netherlands approximately 900,000 multi-storey dwellings, built during the 1955-1975 period and representing about 13% of the total housing stock, are now facing either renovation or demolition. This study focuses on a method of replacing the existing facades with outside portal structures and multifunctional facade-elements. The newly developed facade is placed directly in front of the existing (access) balconies, gaining additional living space. The portal structure supports the new balconies, and prevents thermal bridges. The multifunctional facade-elements combine super- insulation, HVAC-installations and the use of passive solar energy. Furthermore the apartment blocks can be rearranged and equipped with solar collectors on the roof. In combination with the SlimBouwen ® building strategy, the result of this approach is prevention of demolition of outdated apartments. The occupants will enjoy more space, increasing from an average of approximately 68 to 84 m 2 , and a well-adjustable indoor-climate at a low energy consumption of approximately 46 kWh/m 2 a.


The National Spatial Data System (NSDS) is a digital mechanism for the development of the Russian economy. In the article it is considered the NSDS structure, which includes various levels of management. The functioning of these levels is provided by a system of interrelated goals and the interaction of participating organizational and economic entities. The article examines the structure of the NSPD, which covers various levels of management, and also proves that the structural model of the NSPD allows you to create a concept of ensuring its quality and develop appropriate indicators.


The structure of cotylenin A, a potent plant-growth stimulant with the most complex molecule in cotylenins from Cladosporium fungus sp. 501-7W, was analyzed again by HMBC experiments and X-ray crystallography of its diacetyl-dihydroderivative. The previously proposed stereostructure of cotylenin A was thus completely confirmed.


Cold induced aggregation microextraction (CIAME) with an ionic liquid has been used as a rapid and simple method for determination of trace amounts of cadmium and lead by sequential analysis with flame atomic absorption spectrometry. In this study, cadmium and lead have been complexed with O, O-diethyldithiophosphate as chelating agent in a solution containing Triton X-114 and sodium hexafluorophosphate, and then extracted into an ionic liquid. The effect of various parameters on extraction efficiency such as amounts of [C6MIM][PF6] and NaPF6, pH of solution, extraction time, temperature and complexing agent concentration have been optimized. Under the optimized conditions, the detection limits are 0.12 μg L and 1.61μg L, relative standard deviation 2.4 % and 2.7 % and enrichment factor 70 and 67 for cadmium and lead, respectively. The proposed method has been successfully applied for analysis of cadmium and lead in certified reference material and various water samples.


To identify the location of the object and improve the realism in 3D game, shadow mapping is widely used to compute the depth values of vertices in view of the light position. Since the depth value of the shadow map is calculated by the world coordinate, the depth values of the static object don't need to be updated. In this paper, (1) in order to improve the rendering speed, using multiple render targets the depth values of static objects stored only once are separated from those of dynamic objects stored each time. And (2) in order to improve the shadow quality in the quarter view 3D game, the position of the light is located close to dynamic objects traveled along the camera each time. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by the experiments according to the different static and dynamics object configuration in 3D game.


This thesis describes recent spectroscopic studies of acetylene and its HCCD isotopomer. Three different kinds of experiments have been performed: Laser-Induced Fluorescence (LIF), Dispersed Fluorescence (DF), and Stimulated Emission Pumping (SEP). Each experiment has yielded new discoveries in the vibrational and rotational dynamics of acetylene in its ground electronic state (X̃) state and its first excited singlet state (Ã) state. The goal of my research at MIT has focused on making contributions to the investigation of isomerization processes in acetylene. These include the linear ↔ vinylidene isomerization process on the X̃ state and the trans ↔ cis isomerization process on the à state. I have reasons to believe that the local bending motion is the major contributor in both processes. LIF spectroscopic study of the à state of acetylene has led to new assignments of 203 1 0 and 1 1 03 1 0 bands which involve ag symmmetry. The frequency of the upper state symmetric CH stretch mode normal, ν ′ 1, is determined to be 2880.5 cm −1, 60 cm−1lower than the presently-accepted value of 3040.6 cm−1[104, 106]. DF spectroscopic study of the X̃ state of acetylene has revealed a collisional Kchanging process in the à state. In order to model theoretically the intensities measured from the present DF dataset, an local mode based Franck-Condon calculation scheme is given, and the results are shown to agree with the nodal structures exhibited in the experimental observations to within two quanta in both the CC stretch and the trans-bending coordinates. Improvements on the FC calculation are expected to aid in the direct assignment of the HCCD DF spectra, which are more complicated than those from the symmetric isotopomer, HCCH, due to reduced symmetry. SEP spectroscopic study of the X̃ state of acetylene has uncovered a Coriolis coupling between the ν ′′ 2 +4ν ′′ 4 and 7ν ′′ 4 vibrational states of acetylene. Modelling this coupling through a least-square fit gives a Coriolis coupling parameter, ξ = 0.00057 cm−1, but such a coupling is expected to have negligible effects on the single-brightstate-per-polyad assumption in the overall vibrational dynamics in the X̃ state, as sampled by DF as well as SEP spectra.


Workflow is a formal description of a process or processes. There exist tools for interactive and visual editing of workflows such as the FlowOpt Workflow Editor. During manual editing of workflows, it is common to introduce flaws such as cycles of activities. Hence one of the required features of workflow management tools is verification of workflows, which is a problem of deciding whether the workflow describes processes that can be realized in practice. In this paper we deal with the theoretical complexity of verifying workflows with a nested structure and with extra constraints. The nested structure forces users to create valid workflows but as we shall show, introduction of extra causal, precedence, and temporal synchronization constraints makes the problem of deciding whether the workflow represents a realizable process hard. In particular, we will show that this problem is NP-complete.


In a disaster, temporary houses are generally constructed by builders belong to a certain organization. On the other hand, in the Great East Japan Earthquake Disaster, other builders constructed ones too, because it was necessary for victims to a large number of temporary houses. So, various types of temporary house were constructed in the disaster. Therefore, we investigated the actual situation and problem about construction of various temporary houses in Fukushima by interview and questionnaire. We expect survey results to be useful in future disasters.


Increasing numerical studies showed that the simplest Hubbard model on the square lattice with strong repulsion may not exhibit high-temperature superconductivity (SC). It is desired to look for other possible microscopic mechanism of realizing high-temperature SC. Here, we explore the interplay between the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) electron-phonon coupling (EPC) and the Hubbard repulsion by density-matrix-renormalization-group (DMRG) simulations. Our state-of-the-art DMRG study showed convincingly that the interplay between strong Hubbard $U$ and moderate Su-Schrieffer-Heeger EPC $\lambda$ can induce robust $d$-wave SC. The SSH-type EPC can generates effective antiferromagnetic spin-exchange interactions between neighboring sites, which plays a crucial role in the interplay of inducing robust $d$-wave SC. Specifically, for $U=8t$, we find that $d$-wave SC emerges when $\lambda>\lambda_c$ with a moderate critical value $\lambda_c=0.1\sim 0.2$. Our results might shed new light to understanding high-temperature SC in cuprates as well as pave a possible new route in looking for high-temperature SC in other quantum materials with both strong $U$ and moderate $\lambda$.


In the extraction of vanadium from stone coal microwave could change the appearance and surface of stone coal.After 25 minutes' irradiation in microwave,the SBET increased 30%.The heating by microwave was fast,and it also had un-caloric effect.After 30 minutes' irradiation the conductance of H_2SO_4 sparse solution increased 20%.The extraction rate of vanadium had reached to 67%in microwave;on the other hand it can only reach to 55%in the traditional way.The effect of extraction had improved obviously,andhe time also reduced to 1/ 6 of the quondam time.It saved much time andecreased the energy and pollution of technique process.


Acknowledgements Preface 1. 1945: Footsteps in the dark 2. Early life: Buttonholes and cornerstones 3. The 1930s: The devil's decade 4. The war years: My university of life 5. Postwar world: Civvy street, Fleet Street 6. Aneurin Bevan: From NHS to The Bomb 7. The 1960s: Postwar interregnum 8. Harold Wilson: White heat and The Sun 9. In place of courage: Journalism in decline? 10. The long march: Dropping in on China in the Cultural Revolution 11. Prepare for revolution: In Britain? 12. 1973-4: For all our tomorrows 13. Inside the Whale: A journalist in Whitehall 14. Jim Callaghan takes over: 'Too late at 64'? 15. Return of the Native: Back to the Mirror 16. A nation in discontent: Nothing at the end of the rainbow 17. 1979: The curtain falls, enter Margaret Thatcher 18. Maxwelliana: Cap'n Bob and his slippery decks 19. Conclusion: A funny old world References Index


Electron beam transportation stability is important to the gyro-traveling-wave tube (gyro-TWT). For conventional <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${G}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-band TE01 mode magnetron injection gun (MIG), the transportation performance is unsatisfactory because of the small interaction tunnel. For the transportation problem, a MIG with a slotted cathode for <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${G}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-band TE13 mode gyro-TWT is proposed in this article. The MIG is designed and optimized, and a velocity ratio of 1.15 and a transverse velocity spread of 0.58% are obtained. Furthermore, the cathode has been produced and fabricated. A thermal test, a surface morphology test, and a computed tomography (CT) scan have been carried out. Then, beam quality and transportation stability are analyzed when thermal expansion, morphology deviation, stray electron, and magnetic field misalignment exist, respectively. The beam transportation performance is good under all conditions, and the total simulated velocity spread of the main electron is 3.3%.


The present invention includes an imaging unit for surface detection (5) relates to a dental X-ray device for generating X-ray images (13). Imaging unit (5) includes a light source for generating a polychromatic light beam of visible light (6 ') (6) and a light source for generating Kageen end portion (17) to the storage space (19) in (6) at least partially edge projecting in the polychromatic light beam (6 ') between the storage space (19) and (7), and an optical detector (8), edge end portion and the light source (6) (7) and is disposed directly on an optical detector (8) and the supporting device (2) and / or X-ray source (3) and / or X-ray detector (4), and the recording space (19) around with these it is movable in. The present invention further while the system is at least partially rotated, Kageen end (17) is recorded is projected onto the recording space (19) in the projection of the edge end portion (7) at the same time, X-rays It relates to a method for generating an image (13).


Using the Fluent software, the flow field of oxidation ditch was simulated by the three dimensional turbulence mathematical model. The velocities were analyzed and measured, and the simulation results showed acceptable prediction of the velocities in the oxidation ditch. The results also showed that velocity could reach more than 0.3m/s when 8 impellers worked, and MLSS in the whole ditch were almost uniform, therefore, the oxidation ditch runs well.


In mesothelioma, response is usually assessed by computed tomography (CT). In current clinical practice the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) or WHO, i.e., the uni-dimensional or the bi-dimensional measurements, is applied to the assessment of therapy response. However, the shape of the mesothelioma volume is very irregular and its longest dimension is almost never in the axial plane. Furthermore, the sections and the sites where radiologists measure the tumor are rather subjective, resulting in poor reproducibility of tumor size measurements. We are developing an objective three-dimensional (3D) computer algorithm to automatically identify and quantify tumor volumes that are associated with malignant pleural mesothelioma to assess therapy response. The algorithm first extracts the lung pleural surface from the volumetric CT images by interpolating the chest ribs over a number of adjacent slices and then forming a volume that includes the thorax. This volume allows a separation of mesothelioma from the chest wall. Subsequently, the structures inside the extracted pleural lung surface, including the mediastinal area, lung parenchyma, and pleural mesothelioma, can be identified using a multiple thresholding technique and morphological operations. Preliminary results have shown the potential of utilizing this algorithm to automatically detect and quantify tumor volumes on CT scans and thus to assess therapy response for malignant pleural mesothelioma.


The dynamics of a reaction-diffusion predator-prey model with hyperbolic mortality and Holling type II response effect is considered. The stability of the positive equilibrium and the existence of Hopf bifurcation are investigated by analyzing the distribution of eigenvalues without diffusion. We also study the spatially homogeneous and nonhomogeneous periodic solutions through all parameters of the system which are spatially homogeneous. To verify our theoretical results, some numerical simulations are also presented. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity, 2015


Individuals With Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEA, 2004), states now have the option of discontinuing use of IQ–achievement discrepancy procedures as part of the learning disability (LD) identification process in favor of a Response to Intervention (RTI) approach. RTI is based on the premise that students are identified as LD when their response to an effective educational intervention is dramatically inferior to that of peers (e.g., D. Fuchs, Mock, Morgan, & Young, 2003; Vaughn & Fuchs, 2003). RTI approaches for identifying children with reading disabilities (RD) have advantages over traditional IQ– achievement discrepancy procedures, including earlier identification of RD to avoid a "wait-to-fail" model, a strong focus on providing effective instruction and improving student outcomes, and a decision-making process supported by continuous progress monitoring of skills closely aligned with desired instructional outcomes (see Vaughn & Fuchs).


Analyzes the architecture of multilayer distribution database application system by using Web Serivce technology and puts foward the existing key issues.Indicates that this architecture realizes the logic multilayer and physical distribution of the application system,and it achieves the code reuse of interlanguage,interplatform and interhardware. Consequently,this architecture has substantial improvement over traditional B/S model in system development,software deployment and running mode.Through case study,this paper introduces how to implement the resource restructuring and software integration by using Web Service technology,which provides a new concept for developing database application system.


In the petrochemical and natural gas industry, the removal of carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide from process gas streams is commonly achieved by reacting these impurities with aqueous alkanolamines. Van Krevelen coefficients for protonated monoethanolamine (MEA), diethanolamine (DEA), and methyldiethanolamine (MDEA), the carbamates of MEA and DEA, and the bicarbonate ion have been determined experimentally from measurements of the solubility of N[sub 2]O at 25 C and atmospheric pressure in aqueous solutions of these ions. Measured values different significantly from values recommended by others in the absence of experimental data. By analogy with N[sub 2]O, the solubility of carbon dioxide in the same solutions can be estimated.


A real-time infrared multi-target detection system is designed to detect targets of uncertain number or location in a sky background.The system takes Digital Signal Processor(DSP) as its main processor and Field Programmable Gate Array(FPGA)as a preprocessor.According to the features of sky background,morphological filtering operations are used to suppress the background,self-adaptive threshold segmentation approach is employed to calculate segmentation threshold,and then labeling and information fusion are applied to acquire the number,size and location of candidate targets.Finally,in the basis of motion trajectory consistency,false targets can be filtrated through pipeline filter.The hardware structure is mainly introduced.The experiment results indicate that the system can detect the targets on condition of the complicated background reliably and in real time.


An object of the present invention is to remove the metal of the electrode resulting from ozone was generated by the silent discharge. To which ozone generated by the silent discharge between electrodes in the ozone generating unit 30, to the filter 33 on the basis of before and after the pressure difference between the molecule-permeable membrane (33a) constituting thereby transmitting the molecule permeable membrane (33a). With which separately generates a transmission in which ozone water vapor is carried out by supplying the resist to the resist surface on the semiconductor wafer (W). In such a resist, it is possible to avoid a high concentration of contamination by the metal of the electrode is derived. Ozone generating unit, the injection-permeable membrane, wafer, filter, chamber


The ever-increasing thirst for bandwidth and miniaturization in Electronics and Communication, paved the way for recent innovations in THz systems. The spectrum ranging from 0.1 to 10 THz is under exploration for the development of novel components to meet the technological needs. Researchers worldwide are interested in incorporating these developments in flexible electronics. Flexible electronics require efficient component development and interconnect designs. Further, incorporation of these components in the system design presents new research challenges. In line with this, novel materials are engineered by material scientists for use in THz component development. The upcoming wireless technologies will necessarily use these technological developments to meet the user needs. It can also be expected that these systems will revolutionize the device developments in the modern era. In addition to this, the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum provides new opportunities for biomedical engineering involving both therapeutic and diagnostic applications. This special issue is focused on reporting the new research ideas in the development of THz components and systems. M. Gulam Nabi Alsath, Guest Editor Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, India


We define a modified PageRank algorithm and the PR-score to measure the influence of a single article by using its local co-citation network. We also calculate the reaching probability and RP -score of a paper starting at an arbitrary article of its co-citation network for the same purpose. We highlight the advantages of our methods by applying them on the celebrated paper of Jenő Egerváry that is underrated by the standard indices.


The characteristics of the recirculation zone structure behind an impulsively started circular cylinder for Reynolds number Re ranging from 500 to 2,000 and nondimensional time T ranging from 0.5 to 5.0 are investigated experimentally using particle image velocimetry (PIV) and flow visualization techniques. On the basis of the flow visualization pictures and velocity maps, both obtained by a reference frame with a moving coordinate system, the evolution of the recirculation zone structure is studied with special emphasis on the negative velocity subzone. The negative velocity subzone is enveloped by the boundary consisting of the zero-velocity points inside the recirculation zone, and the streamwise velocity profile inside and near the negative velocity subzone is characterized by a jetlike flow moving toward the cylinder. During the evolution of the recirculation zone, the representative dimensions of the vortical structure both in the streamwise and vertical directions, including the recirculation zone ...


Levitating metal melting is an attractive solution for metallurgists because the heated metal charge floats levitatively in a vacuum without touching any material, in contrast to what happens in the inductive crucible melting where the metal touches the walls of the crucible. Such levitation melting of the metal does not introduce external impurities, and its additional feature is mixing the molten mass during the process. The paper presents an inverter built for levitation metal melting, visualization of the results of electrical measurements made and a technical solution for keeping the metal sample in the optimal place of the device.


This study was focused mainly in the description and analysis of the organizational commitment and organizational change capacity of faculty and staff of the Nueva Vizcaya State University by utilizing both quantitative and qualitative research design.


Abstract The scenarios for conventional puddling and no-tilling rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivation were compared in terms of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from paddy fields, fuel consumption and manufacturing of invested materials using a life cycle inventory (LCI) based analysis. Only the differences between the scenarios were examined. The no-tilling scenario omitted both tilling and puddling, but included spraying of a non-selective herbicide and used a transplanter equipped with a rotor. Fertilization was a basal single application of controlled release fertilizer in nursery boxes for all scenarios. After transplanting, there were no differences in machine work, invested materials or rice yields between the scenarios. The no-tilling scenario saved on fuel consumption, totaling carbon dioxide (CO2) output of 42 kg ha−1, which was equal to the 6% reported GHG emissions from fuel consumption by operating machines during rice production in Japan. Methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from the paddy fields were also monitored and compared for the scenarios. Methane has a major effect on global warming as part of the GHG emitted from paddy fields. The cumulative CH4 emissions from the no-tilling cultivation were 43% lower than those from conventional puddling cultivation because the plow layer was more oxidative in no-tilling cultivation. The N2O emissions were not significantly different between the cultivation scenarios. There were no significant differences in soil respiration, soil carbon contents or straw yields between the cultivation scenarios. The effect of tillage on CO2 flux in the paddy fields did not seem to be significant in this study. Consequently, the GHG emissions from the no-tilling field counted as CO2 using global warming potentials were 1,741 kg CO2 ha−1 lower than those from the conventional puddling field. In conclusion, no-tilling rice cultivation has the potential to save 1,783 kg CO2 ha−1 calculated using the sum of fuel consumption and GHG emissions from paddy fields. No-tilling rice cultivation is considered to be environmentally friendly agriculture with respect to reducing GHG emissions.


Clinical characteristics and cognitive functions have been studied during the examination and treatment of 132 patients with epilepsy. It has been shown that both the epileptic process by itself and the antiepileptic therapy are predictors of the memory-intellectual impairment. The key risk factors of cognitive impairment are the younger age of patients at the onset of seizures, the higher frequency of seizures and the secondary generalization. We found the effect of left-sided motor asymmetry on the intellectual impairment that was more pronounced in men. The left-sided profile of brain asymmetry is an unfavorable prognostic factor of the disease development.


OBJECTIVE
To describe the operation of growth monitoring and promotion (GMP) clinic and longitudinal growth patterns of children.

DESIGN
Prospective observation and intervention.

SETTING
Outpatient department of a teaching hospital.

METHODS
Less than 6 months old infants were registered at GMP clinic and followed for up to two years of age. Mothers were provided information, education and counselling about healthy growth of their infants. The outcome measure was change in weight after follow-up.

RESULTS
We enrolled a cohort of 553 children in the first 6 months of life, of which 318 were males. Mean follow up period was 15.7 (SD+/-6.4) months. At enrollment 207 were underweight [weight-for-age Z score (WAZ<-2], of which 153 were from low-income families. The children from poorer families also gained weight regularly, although it was less than the higher income families. Of 346 infants with normal weight at registration, 305 maintained their weight gain by last follow-up visit. Of 207 underweight infants at enrollment 128 improved their weight gain by the last follow-up visit. Overall 433 infants followed-up at our GMP clinic either maintained or improved their weight gain.

CONCLUSIONS
Children at risk of undernutrition should be identified at an early age and through effective interaction between health workers and the family, their growth can be improved. Children of poor families can also benefit from this activity, provided a comprehensive approach is made available.


Background: β-lactamase-mediated resistance was investigated in isolates from cystic fibrosis (CF) patients attending clinics in the public and private health sectors in Durban, South Africa.Method: Fifteen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, two Enterobacter cloacae and one each of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Burkholderia cepacia complex and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, were subjected to minimum inhibitory concentration determination, PCR and sequencing for blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX-M, blaCMY, blaPER, blaVEB, blaOXA, blaKPC, blaGES, blaIMP, blaVIM and blaNDM genes.Results: All but one isolate carried multiple β-lactamases from two or more different Ambler classes. Novel Temoneira-205 (TEM-205) (GenBank Accession No. KC900516) was found in a single isolate in combination with New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1 (NDM-1), reported for the first time in P. aeruginosa in South Africa. TEM-205 showed five amino acid changes compared with TEM-1 viz. V84I, E104 K, R164S, M182T and A184 V, while novel TEM-213 (GenBank Accession No. KC6...


The electro-fused magnesia furnace (EFMF) has complex characteristics, such as strong nonlinearity and multimodes. In this paper, the between-mode process modeling and monitoring method of the EFMF is proposed. In the original methods, the data are handled in a single mode matrices, the influence from one mode to another tends to be ignored. However, the hidden effect could be useful in process analysis and control. New method is proposed for between-mode part to establish an integrated monitoring system, which would simplify the monitoring model structure and enhance its robustness. The manifold is learned to extract the common part of between-mode transition and the monitoring performance of the between-mode is significantly improved. From the between-mode viewpoint, the multimodes processes behaviors are separated into two subspaces. In the common subspace, the underlying process-relevant variation stays invariable, showing the common contribution to multimodes processes. The specific subspace changes with the alternation of modes and has the different influences on multimodes processes modeling and monitoring. Based on subspace separation, process information is captured across modes and between-mode transition regions are distinguished from two modes. Two modes and between-mode transition models are developed respectively for multimodes processes monitoring. Experiment results show effectiveness of the proposed method.


1. Let w=f(z) be a quasiconformal mapping, whose dilatation quotient is bounded above by K(>=I), of the unit disc Izll into a domain in wl oo in the sense of GrStzsch. We call such mapping a K-quasiconormal mapping of Izll into ]wl oo. I w--f(z) is a Kquasiconformal mapping for some K, then it is called a quasiconformal mapping. We denote by S and S,(K), respectively, the amilies of quasiconformal mappings and K-quasiconformal mappings in GrStzsch sense such that each mapping f(z) is univalent in zll and f(0)=0 and lim0 If(z) [/[z ["1, where a is real. We denote by (R). and .(K), respectively, the families of quasieonformal mappings and K-quasieonformal ones of ]z[(1 into a domain in [w[ c in the sense of Pfluger-Ahffors such that these mappings satisfy the same normalization as above at the origin. A univalent quasieonformal mapping in GrStzseh sense is a eontinuously differentiable quasieonformal one in Pfluger-Ahlfors sense. Then we have S.c(R).,S.(K)c.(K) and .(K)c(R).. 2. Y. Juve [2] extended Koebe's quarter-disc theorem to the amily S/(o), where d(0) means the value at the origin of the dilatation quotient of w--f(z), and proved the ollowing theorem: Theorem. Let w f(z) be any mapping belonging to S/(o). Denote by the distance from the origin to the boundary of the image domain of z[l under w=f(z). Then >_lexp{_10( :1 4 d(O) 1 'd(z)dt? 2zc Here, an extremal mapping giving the equality is the composite mapping of z [1/(){1 + (R--1)[ZtR/(1-)a()}etarqz


We study heat transport in a chain of harmonic oscillators with random elastic collisions between nearest-neighbours. The equations of motion of the covariance matrix are numerically solved for free and fixed boundary conditions. In the thermodynamic limit, the shape of the temperature profile and the value of the stationary heat flux depend on the choice of boundary conditions. For free boundary conditions, they also depend on the coupling strength with the heat baths. Moreover, we find a strong violation of local equilibrium at the chain edges that determine two boundary layers of size (where N is the chain length) that are characterized by a different scaling behaviour from the bulk. Finally, we investigate the relaxation towards the stationary state, finding two long time scales: the first corresponds to the relaxation of the hydrodynamic modes; the second is a manifestation of the finiteness of the system.


Abstract A new approach to the design of a kinetic-kill longitudinal autopilot steering the missile trajectory by the combination of aerodynamic lift and divert-thrusters and with its attitude oriented by attitude-thrusters is presented. The pitch plane autopilot design is based on high order sliding mode control. A robust high accuracy tracking of the missile normal acceleration guidance command is achieved in presence of considerable model uncertainties created by the interactions between the airflow and the thruster's jets. Results of the computer simulation demonstrate excellent robust high accuracy tracking performance of the proposed design.


Attractive coloured finishes can be imparted to aluminium, by anodising it and subsequently subjecting it to ac electrolysis in metal salt solutions. Conventional process involves H2S04 anodising, subsequent H3P04 anodising and ac electrolysis. Alternately one can use a two step process13; omitting H3P04 anodising. A new two step process involving H3PO4 anodising and ac electrolysis is described.13; It is shown here that the colour of electrolytically coloured aluminium is due to optical interference. Optical models for the two step and three step processes are proposed to explain the colours.


Lacunar brain infarcts and cerebral white matter lesions are frequently observed on magnetic resonance imaging scans in elderly subjects. These lesions are also frequent in patient with cerebral amyloid angiopathy. We examined whether plasma amyloid β peptide (Aβ) levels are associated with lacunar infarcts and white matter lesions in the general population, and whether the apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype modifies these associations. We studied 1,077 participants within the population‐based Rotterdam Scan Study, who were 60 to 90 years of age and free of dementia. Cross‐sectional associations were analyzed by regression models with adjustments for age, sex, creatinine levels, and hypertension. In APOE ε4 carriers, plasma Aβ levels were positively associated with lacunar infarcts and white matter lesions, whereas in noncarriers no associations were observed. Per standard deviation increase in Aβ1‐40 and Aβ1‐42 levels the odds ratios for lacunar infarcts were 1.72 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.22–2.43) and 1.93 (95% CI = 1.31–2.85), the periventricular white matter lesion grade increased by 0.32 (95% CI = 0.08–0.57) and 0.29 (95% CI = 0.00–0.57), and the subcortical white matter lesion volume increased by 0.48ml (95% CI = 0.04–0.91) and 0.24ml (95% CI = −0.27–0.75). Higher Aβ levels are associated with more lacunar infarcts and white matter lesions in elderly subjects who carry an APOE ε4 allele. Ann Neurol 2004


Early teaching and student experiences act as cultural references for English as a Foreign Language teachers. Tools and strategies are articulated in the form of roles, which are constantly tested and negotiated within the classroom, modeling the EFL teacher's identity. The following is a case study on three EFL teacher's identity development from the Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador. The presence of roles related to EFL teaching was identified through a semi-participant observation and compiled in an observation grid. Observed tools and strategies origin was deepened in the transcription of interviews based on life stories, using a biographical methodology. The use of Socializing / Empathizing skills from the Acculturator role were present in codeswitch using an Ecuadorian pitch, aimed to deal with emotional transactions in the class successfully. Previous working experiences allowed teachers to find strategies to incorporate EFL teaching roles with low emotional labor. Role models from the family and working context played a crucial role in the integration of emotional tools to negotiate roles within the class with low emotional labor.


Effects of nitrogen incorporation into Hf-based high-k gate dielectrics have been extensively studied via first-principles calculations. Particular emphasis is given to the relationship between incorporation of N atoms and oxygen vacancies (Vos). Three important aspects are outlined in this paper. The first one is the intrinsic effect of N atoms in reducing the leakage current mediated by Vo related gap states. The second one is the suppression of electron charge traps at Vo due to the strong repulsive Coulomb potential from N 3- ions located around Vo. The third one is the acceleration of the Vo formation around N ions. From these analyses, we infer that the amount of N incorporation should be tuned in the fabrication of reliable gate insulators.


We describe a tunable electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrometer designed to operate at frequencies between 160 and 525 GHz and magnetic fields of up to 20 T. To operate in such a broad frequency range we use a very stable optically pumped far infrared laser. The performance of the spectrometer has been measured with solid and liquid samples. This allows us to outline the potential uses of the spectrometer.


Preface. 18. Imaging of dislocations (C.J. Humphreys). 19. Crystal growth and dislocations (B. Mutaftschiev). 20. Electrical properties of dislocations in semiconductors (R. Labusch and W. Schroter). 21. Dislocations in superconductors (F.R.N. Nabarro, A.T. Quintanilha). 22. The general theory of disclinations (M. Kleman). 23. Defects and textures in liquid crystals (Y. Bouligand). 24. Dislocations, disclinations and magnetism (M. Kleman). Author index. Subject index.


Keloid is a type of unusually raised scar. Botulinum toxin A (BTX‐A) has a great application potential in keloids treatment. Here, we investigated the functional role of BTX‐A in keloids. We separated keloid tissues and normal skin tissues from keloid patients and found that the expression of myofibroblast markers, α‐SMA, Collagen I, and Collagen III was increased in the keloid tissues as compared with normal skin tissues. Keloid fibroblasts derived from keloid tissues were treated with TGF‐β1 to induce the differentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts. The keloid myofibroblasts displayed a significant up‐regulation of α‐SMA. BTX‐A enhanced the expression of adipocyte markers, PPARγ and C/EBPα, and increased the accumulation of lipid droplets, and reduced the expression of α‐SMA, Collagen I, and Collagen III in the keloid myofibroblasts. Moreover, BTX‐A enhanced the expression of BMP4 and p‐smad1/5/8. Noggin (BMP4 antagonist) treatment reversed BTX‐A‐mediated increase of PPARγ and C/EBPα expression and lipid droplets, and down‐regulation of α‐SMA, Collagen I, and Collagen III in primary keloid myofibroblasts. In conclusion, BTX‐A promoted the transdifferentiation of primary keloid myofibroblasts into adipocyte‐like cells, which may attribute to activate BMP4/Smad signalling pathway. Thus, this study provides new insights into the mechanism of BTX‐A in keloid.


Deep Impact will impact the comet Tempel-1 on July 4, 2005. The impact event will be clearly visible from small telescopes on Earth, especially in the IR bands. When combined with observations taken from the Flyby spacecraft, this science data set will provide unique insight into the materials and structure within the comet, and the strength of the surface.


A description is given of a patient who had received 375 mg chlorpropamide daily for two years for Parkinsonism. Three months after the institution of anticoagulant therapy with dicoumarol he had a hypoglycaemic attack. The chlorpropamide concentration in the serum was remarkably high. Clinical experiments revealed that the administration of dicoumarol to patients who are receiving chlorpropamide leads to accumulation of the latter. The half-life of chlorpropamide in the blood is increased from the normal value of about 40 hours to about 90 hours during treatment with dicoumarol.


In many countries direct competition on the tracks have been debated but so far not implemented in many places. In Great Britain the first ambitions to implement such competition was replaced by competition for the tracks, i.e., competitive tendering. The turbulence in Great Britain in the railway sector have been extensively debated and described. Two examples of critical analyses are found in Nash and Preston (1991) and Nash (2003).


Recently piezoelectric materials have been used as actuators or sensors in some simple adaptive structures. Thin polarized piezoceramics were bonded to the top and bottom surfaces of simple plate-like passive structures. The piezoelectric layers work as actuators or sensors by means of the converse of the direct piezoelectric effect. In both cases the interaction mechanism between the active layer and the passive structure plays a fundamental role in the response of the overall structure [1,2,3]. Aim of the present paper is to study the stress distribution that is generated in the interaction between a simple (plate) structure and a piezoelectric actuator. A closed form solution is obtained for a given displacement assumption, based on a power series technique. The displacement form allows the interlaminar stress continuity at the interfaces between the actuator layer and the structure [4].


Service in the army is a special kind of professional, and general human activity. It requires increased physical effort, great commitment, and frequent sacrifices. The living, and working conditions of soldiers are specific. The roles, and tasks they perform in the state, and in society pose huge challenges for them, which contribute to the occurrence of negative psychophysiological effects. Preparation of a person, and equipping it with appropriate psycho-sociological skills requires appropriate predispositions, and subjecting it to appropriate training, which element must also be shaping desirable character traits. The goal is to significantly improve the quality of tasks in designated environments. These resources, understood as relatively persistent personal, and social factors, have an impact on how a person performs in difficult situations. These factors include psychological moderators (temperament, interpersonal competences, etc.), social (interpersonal contacts, openness), biological (genetics, resistance), spiritual (faith, sense of sense), which are used to choose the best strategy for dealing with stress.


We detected the classical swine fever virus (CSFV) antigen in three boar-pig hybrids (hybrids) and three pigs. All animals were experimentally infected with CSFV strain JPN/27/2019 to optimize diagnostic sampling and risk assessment of virus dissemination. Two hybrids died 17- and 19-days post-inoculation (dpi). The other animals were euthanized at 28 dpi. The detection of CSFV antigen at 28 dpi in epithelial cells of the apocrine sweat and sebaceous glands in the skin, salivary glands, mucosal epithelial cells in the rectum, and epithelial cells in the kidney and urinary bladder, suggests that CSFV persists in these tissues and spreads via sweat, saliva, feces, and urine for at least 4 weeks. These findings reveal that hybrids and pigs represent a high risk of virus dissemination four weeks after infection with CSFV strain JPN/27/2019. Prominent CSFV antigens were also detected in hair follicles of the skin. These results suggest that postmortem sampling of animal skin may be effective for CSF diagnosis and can be used to develop a rapid and easy diagnostic method using hair follicles.


Hybrid organic–inorganic materials can organize into layered crystalline structures through self-organization when bridged silsesquioxanes are used in the sol–gel synthesis. Crystallization is, however, also observed in hybrid materials when 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane is left to react in highly basic conditions; this synthesis route shows a peculiar property which is the possibility of preparing also crystalline hybrid films by controlling the sol–gel process. The crystalline films exhibit optical anisotropy and are optically transparent. In this article we briefly review the main achievements of our research group in the field.


Stress analysis was conducted for a transversely reinforced composite laminate with an edge crack in the matrix or along an interface by the boundary element method (BEM). The laminate is submitted to the tensile stress perpendicular to the laminate in plane strain condition. The results obtained are summarized as follows ; (1) When the laminate is composed of such two materials as don't show the free edge effect, the stress intensity factor (SIF) for a small edge crack coincides with that for a small inner crack. (2) In the case that the free edge effect is remarkable, when a crack is very small (or thort), the change in normalized SIFs, K1 (K1=K1/Klh, Klh is SIF for a crack in a homogeneous orthotropic body) for a matrix crack and K1, K2 and K1 for an interface crack depend on the magnitude of stress singularity by free edge effect. (3) As a crack becomes larger (or longer), K1 for a matrix crack and Ki for an interface crack tends to converge on the constant values. The convergent values are calculated by the energy release rate for a crack in the homogeneous orthotropic body which has the same elastic constants as those of the composite macroscopically. (4) The magnitude of SIF for a small edge crack can be calculated by the stress distribution near the edge without a crack.


In light field imaging, one challenging task is to fuse the spatial and angular information with spectral information. Existing methods for multi-modal and multi-spectral correspondence problem are descriptors based algorithms which are time consuming and not able to handle the small base line issue in light field. In recent years, deep learning based methods demonstrate good performance in many challenging computer vision areas. Inspired by their powerful performance, we propose a learning based method to transfer the parallax information across channels in light field. We exploit spatial and angular information from two reference channels and the spatial information from the target channel to predict the different views and finally reconstruct the target channel. Experimental results demonstrate that compared with other descriptors based methods, our learning based method is much less time consuming and able to effectively transfer the parallax information even when the parallax shift is very small.


Background: Knee joint distraction (KJD) is a validated joint-preserving treatment strategy for severe osteoarthritis (OA) that provides long-term clinical and structural improvement. Human trials and animal models indicate clear cartilage regeneration from 6 months and onwards post-KJD [1]. Recent work showed that during distraction, the balance between catabolic and anabolic indicators is directed towards catabolism, as indicated by collagen type 2 markers, proteoglycan (PG) turnover and a catabolic transcription profile.

Objectives: To investigate the cartilage changes directly and 10 weeks after joint distraction in order to elucidate the shift from a catabolic to an anabolic cartilage state.

Methods: Knee OA was induced bilaterally in 8 dogs according to the groove model. After 10 weeks of OA induction, all 8 animals were treated with knee joint distraction, employing the left knee as an OA control. After 8 weeks of distraction, 4 dogs were euthanized (KJDdirect) and after 10 weeks of follow-up the 4 remaining dogs (KJD+10). Macroscopic and microscopic cartilage degeneration was assessed using the OARSI canine scoring system. RT-qPCR was used to determine relative expression of aggrecan ( ACAN)¸ collagen type II (COL2α1 ), cartilage oligomeric matrix protein ( COMP ) and matrix metalloproteinase-3 ( MMP3 ) in the cartilage. PG content was determined by the Alcian Blue assay and the synthesis of PGs was determined using 35SO42- as a tracer, as published before.

Results: Macroscopic cartilage damage of the tibial plateau in the KJDdirect group was higher as compared to the OA control (OARSI score: 1.7±0.2 vs 0.6±0.3; p < 0.001 ). For KJD+10 this difference persisted (OARSI score: 1.4±0.6 vs 0.6±0.3; p = 0.05 ). Microscopically, an increase in the total OARSI score was seen after 10 weeks post-KJD. This was mainly due to an increase of chondrocyte clusters at 10 weeks of follow-up, resulting in an increased sub score chondrocyte pathology. Remarkedly the sub score intensity of proteoglycan staining decreased directly after KJD (indicating a loss of PGs) but increased after 10 weeks of follow-up suggesting a mixed response depending on the item scored.

Cartilage gene expression analysis showed downregulation of COL2α1 (-1.3 ± 0.3) , ACAN (-4.4 ± 1.0, p < 0.01 ) and COMP (-1.7 ± 0.5) in the t group compared to OA control suggesting enhanced catabolic activity during KJD. In contrast, after 10 weeks of follow-up the expression of COL2α1 and COMP were increased as compared to the OA control (2.6 ± 1.1 and 2.5 ± 1.2 respectively) as well as compared to the KJDdirec situation (3.3 ± 1.4 and 4.2 ± 2.0 ). Expression of MMP3 was upregulated directly after KJD (4.4 ± 0.8) and downregulated after 10 weeks of follow up (-3.3 ± 0.8).

Biochemical analysis of the tibia cartilage of the KJDdirect group revealed a lower PG content compared to the OA joint (20.1±10.3 mg/g vs 23.7±11.7 mg/g). At 10 weeks post-KJD this difference in PG content was gone (24.8±6.8 mg/g vs 25.4±7.8 mg/g). The PG synthesis rate directly after KJD appeared significantly lower vs. OA (1.4±0.6 nmol/h.g vs 5.9±4.4 nmol/h.g; p < 0.001 )). 10 weeks post-KJD this difference was not detected (3.7±1.2 nmol/h.g vs 2.9±0.8 nmol/h.g), and the synthesis rate in the distracted knee was increased compared to directly after distraction ( p < 0.01 ) indicating a shift upon follow-up.

Conclusion: Further in-depth investigation of the material is ongoing and also includes the other joint tissues such as the bone and the synovial tissue. Irrespective, these first results on cartilage changes suggest that the shift from a catabolic to an anabolic state occurs within the weeks after joint distraction. As such, the post-distraction period seems to be essential in identifying key-players that support intrinsic cartilage repair.

References: [1]Mastbergen SC, Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2013 May;9(5):277-90.

Acknowledgments: TTW Technology Foundation: Perspectief P15-23, Dutch Arthritis Society: Long term Research Program LLP9

Disclosure of Interests: Michelle Teunissen: None declared, Jelena Popov-Celeketic: None declared, Katja Coeleveld: None declared, Bjorn Meij: None declared, Floris Lafeber Shareholder of: Co-founder and shareholder of ArthroSave BV, Marianna Tryfonidou: None declared, Simon Mastbergen: None declared


The invention relates to a management method of shared memory and a device, wherein the method comprises a memory double linked list is built, the memory double linked list comprises node information, data information and edge boundary marker information which correspond to each memory block, the node information is located in a node area, the data information is located in a data area, and the edge boundary marker information is located in a marker area. The node information at least comprises the size of the data area, a state marker, an address of a forward memory clock and an address of a backward memory block, wherein the state marker is used to express whether the data area has the data information, corresponding node information is read, and corresponding memory blocks are deleted according to the node information. The invention overcomes the management defect in the prior art that the shared memory can not be effectively managed after building a memory linked list, provides an effective protection mechanism of the shared memory, which leads an application program to effectively manage the space of the shared memory.


City symbollizes social development of the human society,thus the level of urbanization becomes an important overall indicator of the economic development and social progress of a country.To measure the level of urbanization,an evaluation system employing a series of demographic,economic,social and geo-spatial measuring indices is put in use.By the use of R-factor analysis,19 factors that have affected the urbanization level in Sichuan during the years between 1987 and 2007 were put under examination and a set of comprehensive measuring indices for urbanization level is thus built up,on the basis of which counter measures and suggestions for urbanization of Sichuan is put forth so as to accelerate its pace of urbanization in the Province.


The concept of hydraulic impedance is widely used for periodic or oscillating flow scenarios in applied hydraulic transients. This paper proposes an equivalent circuit-based discrete hydraulic impedance model for the hydraulic system of the power station. The equivalent hydraulic circuit is established by an analogy between the water hammer wave propagation in pressurized pipes and the electromagnetic wave propagation in conductors. The discrete hydraulic impedance at a given location is obtained by calculating the total specific impedance of the series and parallel circuits from one end to the other. In addition, the numerical solution process to obtain the natural frequencies of the system via the proposed model is designed in detail. Furthermore, oscillation characteristics of the pipelines in the hydropower station are investigated. The variation trends of the decay coefficients of different orders of oscillation of the system and the influence of turbine impedance on the oscillation frequencies are discussed, respectively.


An introduction and the state of work of the project for the implementation of high-precision arithmetic in an overlaying numeration system, which provides digit-wise parallelism of operations of addition and subtraction of real numbers with restricted carry propagation only by 1–2 bits, is presented. The historical origins of ideas behind such numeration systems in the history of mathematics, dating back to A.L. Cauchy (1840) and L.E.J. Brouwer (1921), are outlined. We explain a simplest overlaying system referred to as "three halves". It is built on the binary system by adding a extra (redundant) third digit representing an interval overlaying with the intervals of 0 and 1. We demonstrate an addition scheme for it, which propagates a carry to next two positions. A simpler scheme with carry propagation to only one position is also shown, and we argue that it requires two redundant digits and a numeration system base not less than 3.


PT. XYZ is one of company manufacturing for product pipe gas with many size. Company has a problem in fulfill a demand of customer. Research at PT. XYZ have a purpose to increase the output production. Increasing output product with a improvement at method and man. Those problems are long duration to exchange the roll, the emptiness of material and appear new production plan suddenly. The given improvement to company are make a work instruction for each machine and added operator. Estimation of the result improvement is reducing working time about 55-65%, the reduction of time make a good impact within increased the output of production.


Beijing municipal government has paid great efforts to combating soil erosion in recent years and has achieved significant benefits in social, economic and ecological aspects and many demonstration small watershed management projects have emerged with plenty of successful experience. Authors analyzed the models, experiences characteristics,investment and benefits of several typical watershed management projects. Meanwhile, some constraints of present soil conservation, possible solutions and recommendations in the technical and policy aspects are also analyzed and given for references of soil conservation ecological environment construction model in the 21st century.


This paper aims to determine regulatory tariffs using a Market Model in order to assess the profits arising either from technical innovation or management rationalization, in a balanced fashion among consumers and distribution companies, guaranteeing appropriate incentives. It is estimated that the paper contribution to further improve public policies affecting the electricity sector.


'Future prospects of Methodism' considers the main options currently in play for the survival of Methodism. If Methodism is to have a future, there needs to be a recovery of nerve about its origins, its message, its practices, and its mission. Equally there needs to be a fresh way of thinking about Methodism as a full-scale church in the history of Christianity. The present prospects of fresh division open up the way for a new conversation about Methodist identity that can shape what it will become in the future. One thing is sure: Methodism will survive.