The present invention discloses an adsorbent for mercury pollution in coom smoke gas, a modified adsorbent thereof, and the preparation and application thereof. By employing the dewatered sludge from the city sewage processing factory as material, the adsorbent for mercury pollution in coom smoke gas is obtained after steps of dipping in chemical medicament, stirring and placing, pyrolysis and charring, and washing and drying. Furthermore, the modified adsorbent obtained by filtering modified element in the surface of the adsorbent can enhance the specific adsorption and the adsorption capability of the mercury of the material, and reduce the used amount of the absorption material. The adsorbent, the modified adsorbent and the compound prepared by the present invention can be used in treatment of the mercury pollution in coom smoke gas in different general operating manners. The adsorbent and the modified adsorbent prepared by the present invention have convenient material source, low production cost, facility application, and remarkable circumstance and economy benefit.


For electron beam orbit observation at the TESLA Test Facility FEL one undulator module will be equipped with ten waveguide-type beam position monitors having a design frequency of 12 GHz. Since the operation of this waveguide BPM is related to microwave concepts, a precise characterization of its microwave behaviour is necessary to describe and optimize the system performance. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the theory, different simulations and measurements of the device. Calculations and MAFIA simulations are presented for the coupling into the ridged waveguide as well as for the design of the waveguide-to-coax transition. Beside that the resonant frequencies of trapped modes inside a waveguide are estimated. Finally, back reactions on the electron beam in terms of wakefields are estimated by numerical simulations and by a simple analytical model.


The cation exchange capacity and saturation of the sorptive complex with base cations are very important indicators for quality assessment of soils, because they define soil fertility and resistance to chemical degradation. The objective of the following study was to estimate the cation exchange capacity and saturation with exchangeable cations of Luvisols developed from loess, under agricultural use. The study comprised 12 pedons under winter wheat culture, classified into various complexes of soil suitability. Exchangeable cations of alkaline character were assayed with the Pallmann method in 1 mol NH4Cl dm-3 extract with pH 8.2. The content of cations Ca2+, K+ and Na+ was determined with a flame photometer, while that of Mg2+ was measured with the AAS method. In the Ap horizons of the analyzed soils, the quantitative sequence of base cations was most frequently Ca2+>Mg2+>K+>Na+. The total exchange bases (TEB) was favourable in most of the soils (3.8-16.9 cmol(+) kg-1), and the total acidity (TA) was varied (0.53.7 cmol(+) kg-1) but generally low. The cation exchange capacity (CEC) in the Ap, Et, EB, Bt and BC horizons of the soils was assessed as medium or high (5.2-17.9 cmol(+) kg-1). Only the C horizon, containing calcium carbonate, was characterised by very high CEC (76.2 cmol(+) kg-1). The base saturation (BS) was highly favourable in most of the soils (62.9-99.4%) and increased deeper into the pedon. The soils were characterised by generally favourable shares of particular cations: the percentage of Ca2+ was 51.5-95.1%, most often higher than the optimum, while the shares of Mg2+ and K+ were slightly below the optimum. The calculated quantitative ratios between the cations showed very strong variation of values among particular pedons. The content of Mg2+ cations and the values of TEB and CEC in the Ap horizons of soils from the very good wheat complex were lower than in the Ap horizons of soils from the good wheat complex and the deficient wheat complex, whereas the levels of Ca2+, K+, Na+ and H+ as well as BS displayed only minor differences.


Research of dynamic capability has been extended to the entrepreneurship field.It is the beginning in this field although it has been an important branch of strategic management in established companies.And some scholars have begun to study the relationship between the alliance and dynamic capability,however,they didn't further study how network affects dynamic capability.This paper not only empirically studied the direct effect of entrepreneurial network intensity on dynamic capability,but also explored the intermediary role of organizational learning between the above relationship.The results showe that enturepreneurial network intensity not only has a direct positive impact on dynamic capability,but also has an indirect positive impact on dynamic capability through organizational learning.And organizational learning plays a complete intermediary role between entrepreneurial network intensity and the dynamic capability in new ventures.There are two innovations in this paper,firstly,we construct the conception model which involves in network intensity,organizational learning and dynamic capability.Secondly, we empirically examine the intermediary effect of organizational learning.


In this paper,on the basis of years of practice engaged in enterprise management,some Superficial knowledges in incentive mechanism were noted,to clarify the implementation and innovation of Enterprise incentive mechanisms is the objective requirement of the enterprise development.The paper analyzed deeply-rooted causes and the problems which exist in the process of the implementation and innovation in the Enterprise incentive mechanisms.And under new situation,which is the ways and means to the implementation and innovation of the incentive mechanisms.Intend to guide enterprises should pay attention to the light of the actual staff motivation and the integrated use of incentive mechanisms.With the combined Incentive means and ends,it esteblished the characteristics of the times and meet the demand for opening up the incentive system to enable enterprises to be invincible in the fierce market competition.This article discussed how to adjust ERP system in order to define reasonable Strategy Management Target in ASIMCO.


Spinel lithium titanate(Li4Ti5O12) nanosheets with a size range of 200 ~400 nm were synthesized by hydrothermal process from the amorphous hydrous titanium oxide precursors.The as-prepared products were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).The electrochemical behaviors of Li4Ti5O12 electrode in conventional organic electrolyte and ionic liquid electrolyte were investigated by using cyclic voltammetry,galvanostatic charge-discharge and AC impedance techniques.The experimental results indicate that the as-prepared nanostructured Li4Ti5O12,evaluated as anode material,exhibited good reversibility and cycle performance.It is expected to be a potential anode material for commerical battery applications.


This paper proposes new method for changing the coding rates of low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. This method allows obtaining a code set with different rates from a higher-rate code (mother code). The proposed method can be applied to any mother code; especially it is more efficient for mother code with an irregular parity-check matrix, where the 1s are unevenly distributed on the columns. In addition, this method differs in that the structure of the parity-check matrix is completely preserved, which reduces the computational cost of reconstructing the pair encoder/decoder. Simulation results demonstrate that the designed method is superior to the conventional method puncturing of bits as the rate decreases.


The growth history of a large diamond crystal synthesized by HPHT temperature gradient method was reconstructed by the defects features in the crystal. The crystal defects were revealed using white synchrotron radiation topography. Dislocations originated from the surfaces of the seed and extended along the directions of <100> were observed within the crystal grown at the early stage. The crystal was then grown to the [00-direction at the middle growing stage and no dislocations were generated at this stage. A lot of dislocation bundles were generated at the last growth stage of the crystal and each bundle was composed of several straight extended dislocations originated from the same point and extended radially within a sector of about thirty degrees centigrade. The origins of the dislocation bundles were distributed near the surface of the crystal. Most of the dislocation bundles were generated near the (-100), (010) and (00-1) and extended to the [-10, [01 and [00-, approximately. The generation of the dislocation bundles was caused by the rapid descent of the temperature in the last growth stage of the diamond crystal.


This paper gives a detailed analysis of Searle's theory of discourse action,language philosophy,theory of intention,mental philosophy as well as the development from language to cognition in the Western philosophy with Britain and America as its mainstay for a half century.In conclusion,the Western philosophy in the 20th century develops from analysis philosophy to language philosophy and then to mental philosophy;mental philosophy is the basis for cognitive philosophy which,on the basis of experience and individual difference,determines the essence of mental philosophy;their development has brought about a new look of many subjects.


Authors' Affi liation: Department of Medicine and Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts Corresponding Authors: Cyril H. Benes, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, CNY 149, 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129. Phone: 617-724-3409; Fax: 617-726-7808; E-mail: email@example.com ; and Matthew J. Niederst, mniederst@mgh .harvard.edu doi: 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-13-1030 ©2014 American Association for Cancer Research. Summary: Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is important for many developmental events and has been linked to tumor dissemination and therapeutic resistance. Salt and colleagues identify how EMT affects how prolif e ration signals fl ow to phosphoinositide 3-kinase in non–small cell lung cancer. Cancer Discov; 4(2); 149–51. ©2014 AACR.


A full-length cDNA library from recovered IJs of Steinernema carpocapsae A24 induced by the supernatant of its symbiotic bacteria culture was constructed using RLM-RACE(RNA ligase mediated Rapid Amplification cDNA End) method.Forty-eight differential expressed clones were obtained by PCR technique and reverse Northern hybridization.Sequencing and sequence similarity searches were performed to analyze the differential expressions of gene fragments and thirty-four available sequences were obtained.They include genes that encode ribosomal protein,translation elongation factor,serine proteinase inhibitor,cyclin-dependent protein kinase,ATP-dependent Clp protease,esterase,heat shock protein,Na/Pi cotransporter II-related protein,lipoprotein,3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] synthase and ngg1 interacting factor.A set of candidate genes associated with the development of the infective juveniles were screened from the full-length cDNA library,which is essential for understanding the molecular mechanisms of entomopathogenic nematodes development.These results would be helpful not only to explore nematode-bacterium symbiotic mechanism,but also to promote the commercial production of these nematodes.


This paper discusses on the developing trends of university library's competitive intelligence service, and puts forward some requirements of university library's competitive intelligence service for librarians' quality.


We demonstrate an electric-field-induced second-harmonic microscope that measures both amplitude and phase of imaged second-harmonic light with sub-micron spatial resolution, thus providing complete characterization of dc field variations near metal-semiconductor junctions.


In diploid parthenogenesis of Norway spruce, specific nuclei were ontogenetically eliminated in cells programmed for cell death or apoptosis. Nuclear elimination was defined morphologically and biochemically for the degenerating ventral canal nucleus of egg-equivalents, and in differentiating suspensors of the axial tier of early embryos. Nuclei became pycnotic and disintegrated with the release of nucleoli and nuclear fragments into the cytoplasm. Enucleation in tubular cells of the axial tier was preceded by a reduction in the number of interphase nucleoli. Apoptosis was biochemically characterized by the activation of endonuclease activity that contributed to massive morphological changes in nuclei and ultimately to cell death. Endonuclease activity in individual nuclei was determined by a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT). This enzyme labeled the 3'OH ends of DNA, generated by DNA nicking with biotin-conjugated dUTP, for visualization with a secondary detection system using a colorimetric substrate for peroxidase. The TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay stained apoptotic nuclei red for the expression of endogenous endonucleases. The salvage of nuclear degradation products was postulated to enhance embryo survival, growth, and multiplication by cleavage polyembryony. By contrast, the egg-equivalent nucleus, proembryos, and the large and rounded nonapoptotic nuclei of the embryonal group fluoresced strongly with DAPI (4'-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride). Nuclei also reacted blue with Giemsa in cells probed by the TUNEL assay.


The present invention, by formulating a nanocrystalline material, to a method of increasing the β- crystalline state species proportion of the polypropylene. β- content of 50-100% is achieved in this way. Formulation characterized by improved mechanical properties. Nanocrystalline powders may be incorporated directly, is admixed with a surfactant in PP matrix in order to improve the dispersibility.


In recent years, mutational surveys published by our group, The Cancer Genome Atlas, and others have revealed highly prevalent mutations and deletions targeting an intriguing family of genes encoding transmembrane proteins: the FAT family (FAT1, FAT2, FAT3 and FAT4). In particular, FAT1 and FAT4 appear to be the most frequently altered. Both genes harbor recurrent mutations and deletions in multiple types of human cancer, including glioblastoma (FAT1, 20%), colorectal (FAT1, 9%; FAT4, 20%), head and neck squamous cell (FAT1, 12%; FAT4, 10%), gastric (FAT4, 20%), serous ovarian (FAT1, 7%; FAT4, 3%) and pancreatic (FAT1, 4%; FAT4, 8%) cancers.1-7

These somatic alterations are intriguing, given the closely related Drosophila Fat gene, which has been identified as a tumor suppressor gene. In the fly, Fat acts upstream of the Hippo signaling pathway, which restrains cell growth; loss of Fat causes overgrowth of larval imaginal discs in flies. Fat is also a key developmental gene, controlling cell polarity along the apical-basal axis. The human FAT genes are all closely related, although recent phylogenetic analyses reveal that the closest human ortholog of Drosophila Fat is in fact FAT4, while FAT1, FAT2 and FAT3 are actually most closely related to the Drosophila gene Fatl (Fat-like).8 Nevertheless, all four human genes bear tight similarity to the Drosophila Fat.

The FAT genes all encode large membrane proteins called protocadherins, which have around 30+ cadherin repeats, four or five EGF-like domains and laminin G-like domains. The FAT proteins are present in a wide range of species and are highly conserved. They are believed to represent the first form of cadherins and were accordingly named "protocadherins." In certain cell types, FAT proteins can be concentrated at lamellipodia, filopodia and sites of cell-cell contact. Like the classical cadherins, the protocadherins often serve dual roles in cell adhesion and signaling.

FAT4 is most closely related to Fat and mediates similar key developmental functions, such as planar cell polarity. It appears to have growth- and invasion-suppressive properties in several cancer cell lines, but the mechanisms remain obscure.7 In Drosophila, Fat is the apical member of the Hippo signaling pathway, which regulates organ growth and cell cycle progression in response to cell density. Although definitive data are still pending in the context of cancer, FAT4 appears to participate in mammalian Salvador/Warts/Hippo signaling during development. It is therefore quite possible that the frequent FAT4 alterations observed in cancer lead to pro-proliferation signals through a loss of proper regulation of the Hippo pathway.

For FAT1, more complete genomic, functional and mechanistic evidence has recently emerged, revealing the molecular basis of its tumor-suppressive function. This gene is a target within a highly prevalent region of deletion at 4q35 observed across many types of human cancer. We have identified mutations in glioblastoma, colorectal and head and neck samples at rates of 7–20%.1 FAT1 appears to be among the most frequently mutated genes in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.3 Both in vitro and in vivo, depletion of FAT1 leads to markedly accelerated cell growth and proliferation, while expression of FAT1 robustly suppresses tumor growth.1 These growth-suppressive effects are abrogated when mutations observed in tumors are present. Just as classical cadherin proteins can bind to β-catenin and regulate its transcriptional activity, FAT1 also binds β-catenin and limits its translocation to the cell nucleus. Mutations in FAT1's intracytoplasmic domain result in a loss of this ability to regulate β-catenin. Therefore, loss of FAT1 in cells activates the Wnt signaling pathway, unleashing β-catenin-dependent transcriptional activity and upregulating pro-growth wnt transcriptional targets. Consistent with this, primary cancer samples with FAT1 alterations are defined by significant enhancement of Wnt signaling. The growth-suppressive functions of FAT1 are mediated by its intracytoplasmic, β-catenin binding domain, but the extracellular domain also mediates cell-cell adhesion, which may be a secondary mechanism by which FAT1 loss promotes tumor growth.

The Wnt/β-catenin pathway has been causally linked to multiple types of cancer. For example, in colorectal cancer, the overwhelming majority of tumors are defined by alteration of the core genes, APC, CTNNB1 and AXIN1/2. However, in non-colorectal tumors, these genes are infrequently or never mutated. The precise causes of Wnt pathway activation in these types of cancer have not been elucidated. New data now implicates FAT1 mutation as a driver of Wnt activation in many of these tumors, and point to FAT1 as a potential molecular determinant for guiding use of new small-molecule inhibitors of Wnt signaling.

Interestingly, FAT1 appears to play multiple, seemingly opposing, roles in development and cell growth. While the protein has a strong tumor-suppressive effect, it also binds to Ena/VASP, thereby promoting actin polymerization and cell motility. Indeed, in experimental systems, FAT1 promotes lamellipodial dynamics and cell migration and invasion. These different functions may be vestiges of FAT1's role in development, where it may play a directional role in guiding organ development. For these reasons, it is conceivable that the function of FAT1 in tumorigenesis is multifaceted, such that the gene may not operate as a tumor suppressor via the same mechanisms in all cellular contexts.

FAT2 and FAT3 have not been well characterized to date, although each gene has been observed to be undergo mutation in approximately 10% of colorectal and lung squamous cell cancers.5,6 These two genes have more similarity to FAT1 than FAT4,8 but it remains to be seen whether these protocadherins are also able to modulate Wnt signaling. As additional mutational data in diverse human cancers is reported, the precise implications of the recurrent alterations targeting these intriguing, large, ancient proteins will be more thoroughly illuminated. (Fig. 1)

Figure 1. Model of FAT1 function. When FAT1 is present, β-catenin is held at the cell membrane. When FAT1 is inactivated by mutation or deleted in cancers, an excess of β-catenin is present in the cytoplasm. Some β-catenin ...


EVERY review of John Dryden: a bibliography of early editions and of Drydenianal should begin with a tribute to the care and industry of the compiler and an acknowledgment of the indebtedness under which Mr. Hugh Macdonald has placed all serious students of the literature of the later seventeenth century. His book is the most important volume in Dryden scholarship since the publication of George R. Noyes's edition of Dryden's poems in 1909 and the most useful volume for historians of Restoration literature that has appeared for several years. A tangible demonstration of its value is that the book has already become a fixture on the reference shelves of every university library. The chief reason for its importance is that this book is more than a mere descriptive bibliography. Into its three hundred and twenty-six pages of text Mr. Macdonald has packed all the factual information he could find concerning Dryden, his writings, and his literary relations with his contemporaries. The notes contain so much out-of-the-way information that no student of the period can afford to pass them by. Mr. Macdonald has here made available not only the results of his own investigations but the learning of his predecessors in Dryden bibliography, Percy J. Dobell and the late George Thorn-Drury. As every Dryden scholar knows, for more than twenty-five years Mr. Dobell has made a hobby of collecting bibliographical information about Dryden, and this book is the fruit of his labors as much as it is the work of Mr. Macdonald. After publishing his now famous catalogue, The literature of the Restoration, in 1918 and his stimulating volume of Bibliographical memoranda in 1922, Mr. Dobell placed all his information about Dryden in the hands of Mr. Thorn-Drury, then recognized as the most erudite student of the literature of the age of Dryden. Following Thorn-Drury's death, Mr. Dobell turned over Thorn-Drury's notes on Dryden to Mr. Macdonald, who also enjoyed prior use of the Thorn-Drury papers and collections in the Bodleian. Thus, Mr. Macdonald stands on their shoulders, and we can thank all three of them for the varied and valuable information that this bibliography of Dryden contains. Mr. Macdonald has shown great talent in synthesizing this mass of detail, and it is this talent which has made his bibliography such a useful reference book. The two terms "bibliography" and "reference book" should not be used interchangeably, though both of them apply in the case of this bibliography


rite. But is is perfectly possible to say that for Christianity in particular the creative word comes first' (p. 81). Another sociologist of religion would qualify such a statement by numerous references asserting that he is in the tradition of Durkheim, that he is in the tradition of Weber, or that he has succeeded in producing a (new) synthesis of the ideas of the two founding fathers of the discipline. David Martin. however, does not dig into the classics in this senes of lectures given at Westminster Abbey. This does not mean that he is void of perspectives. Quite the contrary, he strengthens his theses more often with a citation from Abelard, Tomas More or T. S. Eliot than from the works of classical or contemporary sociologists of religion. What kind of a book is it then&dquo;' that originally was read in a chapel of the Sanctuary of the British Empire,'2' that presents itself as 'a sociology of Christian theory and practice', and 13, which exchanges Weber and Durkheim for Charles Wesley and W. H. Auden? Certainly it is a fascinating piece of reading from many points of view but it is not easy reading for a public which does not have a frame


Gender-based differences in hospital use may result from biological differences or may suggest problems of access to health services and quality of care. We hypoth esized that there should be no difference in hospital care between men and women, given the same diagnosis. Hospitalizations were characterized by severity of ill ness, as this may indicate the timeliness of hospital care. Hospitalizations may be too late (with higher severity of illness) resulting in long stays and high costs, or too early (with lower severity of illness) resulting in care that could be given in alternative treatment settings. Three abdominal conditions were examined which could be misdiagnosed or confused with other diseases involv ing the female reproductive system: appendicitis, diver ticulitis, and cholecystitis. The National Hospital Dis charge Survey (NHDS) was used for analysis. Disease staging was used to assign a severity of illness indicator, ranging from stage 1 (conditions with no complications) to stage 3 (multiple site involvement, poor prognosis). For each disease, the percentage of discharges and the age-adjusted discharge rate per 1000 population was examined by stage of illness and gender. For appendec tomy, there was a significantly greater percentage of men at stage 1 (lower severity) compared to women (73% versus 67%). For diverticular disease, women had higher proportions of stage 2/3 discharges than men for both medical and surgical hospitalizations. For chole cystitis, women had a greater percentage of hospitaliza tions at stage 1 than men, notably for surgical treatment (63% compared with 38%), although more men were admitted at stage 2 for both medical and surgical treat ment. Gender differences in the proportions of hospital ization by severity of illness suggest that there are prob lems in the timely recognition and treatment of appendicitis and diverticulitis in women. However, for cholecystitis, it appears that men, rather than women, have a problem of timely recognition and treatment. Future research may seek to identify additional patient characteristics, physician attitudes, and treatment pro tocols.


Abstract Prey remains from sooty shearwater (Puffinus griseus Gmelin, 1792) regurgitates, stomachs, and gizzards, were collected from four breeding colonies in southern New Zealand. We found a wide range of prey species (minimum 39 species of 35 genera), the most important of which were crustaceans (particularly euphausiid krill and hyperiid amphipods), cephalopods (notably arrow squid), fishes, and salps. Malacostracans (krill, amphipods, and decapods) were the predominant taxa of prey in both diversity and frequency of occurrence. Regurgitates were easily obtained from harvested chicks and provided the greatest range of prey remains (36 of the 39 species identified). However, these regurgitates comprised only 29% of the total number of samples collected. Fish, malacostracan, and salp prey ranged from 4 to 170 mm in size, whereas total lengths of squid ranged from 50 to 535 mm. Based on size and mass, the largest squid were undoubtedly scavenged, possibly in association with commercial fishers. The geographical distribution of prey species indicate that most sooty shearwaters breeding near Stewart Island forage in waters lying between the Subtropical and Polar Fronts. Our results suggest that the abundance of krill, the impact of fisheries and the influence of climate perturbations on prey species may play important roles in sooty shearwater breeding and survival.


Abstract : Height profiles of mean wind speed and wind velocity fluctuation spectra are derived from observations made aboard the R/V Acania while anchored in Monterey Bay. The profiles and spectra in conjunction with related temperature fluctuation data obtained in a parallel study are used to calculate the atmospheric boundary layer turbulence parameters: friction velocity, drag coefficient, vertical heat flux and z/L. A general disagreement of the results of this study with each other and with previously published results is inconclusive due to small size of the data base. The best agreement with results of other studies was with the calculation of the drag coefficient using velocity fluctuation data.


Species composition, frequency distribution of diameter classes, species diversity, and stem vitality of woody plants were analyzed in a Mongolian oak (Quercus mongolica Fisch. ex Ledeb.) forests in permanent quadrates of Mt. Nam and Mt. Jeombong, which were installed for Long Term Ecological Research (LTER). The principal objective of this study was to clarify the ecological characteristics of both sites by comparing the Mongolian oak communities established in Mt. Nam surrounded by urban area and in Mt. Jeombong as a natural area, to accumulate the basic data for long-term monitoring, and furthermore to predict possible changes in vegetation due to climate change. The species composition of the Mongolian oak community on Mt. Nam differed from that of Mt. Jeombong. Such differences were usually due to Sorbus alnifolia, Styrax japonicus, Oplismenus undulatifolius, Ageratina altissima and so on, which appeared in higher coverage in Mt. Nam. Species diversity of the Mongolian oak community in Mt. Nam was lower than that in Mt. Jeombong. This result was attributed to the fact that the Mongolian oak community in Mt. Nam is under continuous management and was dominated excessively by S. alnifolia, and S. japonicus, which were originated from artificial in terference and chronic air pollution. As the results of analyses on the frequency distribution of diameter classes of major tree species and the transitional probability model based on Markov chain theory, the Mongolian oak community in Mt. Nam showed a possibility of being replaced by a S. alnifolia. Considering that this replacement species is not only a sub-tree but is also shade-intolerant, such a successional trend could be interpreted as a sort of retrogressive succession. The Mongolian oak community established in Mt. Jeombong differed from the community in Mt. Nam in terms of its probability of being continuously maintained.


The Raman and IR spectra of the C-X stretching modes (X=Cl, Br, I) in the axial and the equatorial positions of cyclohexyl halides have been measured at room temperature. The band broadening mechanisms and the differences in the rate of vibrational dephasing of the axial and the equatorial conformers have been discussed. It has been found that intermolecular long-range transition dipole-transition dipole coupling gives the main contribution to the differences in vibrational dephasing rate. This paper demonstrates that a simultaneous study of the vibrational dephasing of different conformers provides a method to isolate the individual relaxation mechanisms


A polarization modulating device is provided to control polarization of light incident onto a liquid crystal cell by controlling arrangement of liquid crystal molecules according to an applied voltage and frequency with use of an in-plane electric field and a dual frequency liquid crystal. A dual frequency liquid crystal layer(2) is placed under an upper glass substrate(1) and is rubbed at an angle of 45 degrees with respect to an electric field. An in-plane electrode is placed under the liquid crystal layer to generate an in-plane electric field. An insulating layer is placed under the in-plane electrode. A glass substrate(5) is placed under the insulating layer. A polarization plate is disposed to be in parallel or perpendicularly with a transmission axis of the polarization plate and an optical axis of the liquid crystal under the glass substrate. A polarization modulating device uses a dual frequency liquid crystal and an in-plane electric field, and includes the polarization plate placed under the aforementioned structure. Both a transparent electrode and an optical electrode are used.


Thyroid gland diseases are common and affect a large portion of general population. After diabetes mellitus, the thyroid gland is the most common gland to cause endocrine disorder. Disorders of the thyroid gland are the most common endocrine disease particularly in countries where iodine intake through diet is low. Normally thyroid gland is not palpable. The term "goiter" (from the Latin word gutter = the throat) is used to describe generalized enlargement of thyroid gland. Disorders of thyroid gland present with either an alteration of hormone secretion or as enlargement (increase size) of the thyroid gland. Thyroid enlargement is the most common sign that are indicated for thyroid disease, it may be diffuse or generalized or localized. Which again classified as toxic or nontoxic. The non-toxic goiter is further classified on etiological basis as ABSTRACT


The purpose of this paper is to contribute to debates on inclusive informal settlement upgrading through scaling participatory planning, with a focus on the Mukuru Special Planning Area (SPA) in Nairobi, Kenya. Our contribution is three-fold. First, we provide an overview of previous efforts at integrating participation into urban interventions that target informal settlements in Kenya, highlighting how such efforts largely ignored the views of low-income residents. Second, building on this discussion, we outline the Mukuru SPA – a planning and upgrading process taking place in one of Nairobi's largest informal settlements which is situated on private land – and its potential to shift such trends. We offer a detailed documentation of the role of citizen participation in the different planning stages of the Mukuru SPA process. Third, reflecting on the Mukuru SPA experience, our conclusion offers wider lessons for scaling citizen participation in the context of informal settlement upgrading. In particular, we emphasise the importance of dedicating time and resources for community mobilisation and organisation to secure mass buy-in and ownership of the planning process by residents of informal settlements. We also highlight the importance of creating institutional and procedural mechanisms that integrate community participation into all stages of the planning process, allow for interdisciplinary and multi-sectoral collaboration, and integrate upgrading into city-wide strategic planning. Our study draws on qualitative data on the participatory process in Mukuru, including interviews and focus group discussions with planning stakeholders and community representatives, as well as observation notes from community meetings and planning events.


A notification-suppression method is a method for suppressing the sending of a notification message to the management server has been developed. In this paper, we propose two types of notification-suppression methods using logical computer groups for cooperation between the computers. It has been implemented in a middleware called eCommArt, which had been applied for experimental system.


The spectroscopic properties of photochromic ruthenium sulfoxide complexes are reviewed. The mode of action is associated with an excited state S→O isomerization triggered by light. These complexes feature large, positive Ru 3+/2+ reduction potentials indicative of stabilization of the Ru dπ orbital set. In addition, these compounds feature large quantum yields of isomerization. In aggregate, the data argue against a promoting role for the LF states and suggest that isomerization occurs from the CT potential energy surface. Picosecond transient absorption experiments indicate a change in the isomerization mechanism between mondentate sulfoxide complexes and chelating sulfoxide complexes. These results as well as potential energy diagrams for certain complexes are discussed.


Cyclopropylmethylcobalamin is isomerised to but-3-enylcobalamin in solution at 60 °C and in the presence of oxygen at a rate which is virtually independent of the dielectric constant of the solvent.


Despite long-standing patterns of agrarian change in South and Southern Africa, rural locales remain home to millions of people, characterised by widespread poverty and vulnerability. This is evident in South Africa's former 'homelands', the site where this study examined changes in rural livelihoods over a 14-year period. Detailed survey data (collected in 2002 and 2016) from two villages in the Pondoland region of Eastern Cape province, and augmented by in-depth fieldwork, are analysed to explore the drivers of contemporary livelihood change. Key livelihood activities are examined, namely paid employment, social grant receipt, horticulture and livestock production, marine-resource and firewood harvesting. So too are changes within, and between, these diverse livelihood activities over time. Both monetised (income-earning) activities, and 'unremunerated' or unmonetised activities (for example, subsistence agriculture or marine-resource harvesting) are measured, aggregated and compared, in order to consider the drivers, consequences and prospective future trajectories of livelihood change. Key findings for impoverished households in the villages are that waged work has decreased significantly, while expanding social welfare provision has prevented plunges into deeper poverty. Agriculture and marine-resource harvesting remain dynamic, albeit unevenly engaged in by villagers. Amid these larger patterns, local-level variations are evident, with discrepant employment and agricultural production patterns across villages. The role of the state is ambiguous, being both a restrictor and enabler of local livelihoods. As jobs and other livelihood opportunities diminish, the villagers express frustration with the state, but remain simultaneously heavily reliant on state fiscal transfers, through grants and public employment schemes. The findings speak not only to the dynamics of rural livelihoods in South Africa's former homelands; they also point to changes in rural dwellers' livelihoods, within contexts of agrarian change, rural dispossession, inequality and receding prospects for employment, increasingly evident across the global south.


for ERCP certification: 1) performing (cid:1) 300 hands-on procedures; 2) attending a JAG-accredited ERCP skills course; 3) in modified Schutz 1-2 procedures: achieving native papilla cannulation rate (cid:1) 80%, complete bile duct clearance (cid:1) 70%, successful stenting of distal biliary strictures (cid:1) 75%, physically unassisted in (cid:1) 80% of cases; 4) 30-day post-ERCP pancreatitis rates £ 5%; 5) satisfactory performance in formative and summative direct observation of procedural skills (DOPS) assessments. Conclusion JAG certification in ERCP has been developed following evidence-based consensus to quality assure training and to ultimately improve future standards of ERCP practice.


Preface Olfaction Anatomy and Physiology of Smell Sense Clinical Methods of Evaluation Disorder of Olfaction and Treatment Management of Anosmia Taste Anatomy and Physiology Clinical Measurement Disorders of Taste and its Treatment Management


Numerically controlled lathe has the features of high flexibility and high precision machining, efficient and conducive to the production management, and requires the operator to high technology, knowledge of programming concepts. During operation, the following security issues can use the following ways to reduce: numerically controlled lathe's commonly programmed must be right, numerically controlled lathe's processing procedures must be checked to get rid of its being breakdown, coordinate system and tool radius compensation's install must be right, pay attention to teaching and management to reduce the rate of accidents' happen, set up physical structure to separate machine and operator. By knowing the features of numerically controlled lathe can reduce accidents. Numerically controlled lathe has good processing quality, high product efficiency, simple operation advantages, but it may easily get into trouble when processing. So knowing numerically controlled lathe's features and security problems can promote production's rate and guarantee operator's safety.


Background: Stereocilia tip-link protein cadherin 23 couples mechanical forces to sensory transduction in inner ear receptor hair cells. Results: CNGA3 interacts with cadherin 23 and with cadherin 23 binding partner, myosin VIIa. Conclusion: Cadherin 23 and myosin VIIa form alternate complexes with CNGA3. Significance: CNGA3 interactions with cadherin 23 +68 and myosin VIIa predict a role for CNGA3 in hair-cell mechanotransduction. Previously, we obtained evidence for a photoreceptor/olfactory type of CNGA3 transcript in a purified teleost vestibular hair cell preparation with immunolocalization of CNGA3 protein to stereocilia of teleost vestibular and mammalian cochlear hair cells. The carboxyl terminus of highly Ca2+-permeable CNGA3 expressed in the mammalian organ of Corti and saccular hair cells was found to interact with an intracellular domain of microfibril interface-located protein 1 (EMILIN 1), a member of the elastin superfamily, also immunolocalizd to hair cell stereocilia (Selvakumar, D., Drescher, M. J., Dowdall, J. R., Khan, K. M., Hatfield, J. S., Ramakrishnan, N. A., and Drescher, D. G. (2012) Biochem. J. 443, 463–476). Here, we provide evidence for organ of Corti proteins, of Ca2+-dependent binding of the amino terminus of CNGA3 specifically to the carboxyl terminus of stereocilia tip-link protein CDH23 +68 (cadherin 23 with expressed exon 68) by yeast two-hybrid mating and co-transformation protocols, pulldown assays, and surface plasmon resonance analysis. Myosin VIIa, required for adaptation of hair cell mechanotransduction (MET) channel(s), competed with CDH23 +68, with direct Ca2+-dependent binding to the amino terminus of CNGA3. Based upon the premise that hair cell stereocilia tip-link proteins are closely coupled with MET, these results are consistent with the possibility that CNGA3 participates in hair-cell MET. Together with the demonstration of protein-protein interaction between HCN1 and tip-link protein protocadherin 15 CD3 (Ramakrishnan, N. A., Drescher, M. J., Barretto, R. L., Beisel, K. W., Hatfield, J. S., and Drescher, D. G. (2009) J. Biol. Chem. 284, 3227–3238; Ramakrishnan, N. A., Drescher, M. J., Khan, K. M., Hatfield, J. S., and Drescher, D. G. (2012) J. Biol. Chem. 287, 37628–37646), a protein-protein interaction for CNGA3 and a second tip-link protein, CDH23 +68, further suggests possible association of two different channels with a single stereocilia tip link.


What role does context play in the mind and brain sciences? This introductory article, "Of Means and Ends," explores that question through its focus on the ways scientists and physicians engaged with and constructed technology in the mind and brain sciences in the twentieth century. This topical issue addresses how scientists, physicians, and psychologists came to see the ends of technology as important in-and-of themselves. In so doing, the authors of these essays offer an interpretation of historian Paul Forman's revisionist and highly contextualist chronology of the twentieth century, which presents the comparatively recent tendency to aggrandize the ends of technology as evidence of a major, epochal transformation in the epistemic culture of twentieth-century American science. This collection of papers suggests that it was in the vanguard of such fields as psychology, psychiatry, and neurophysiology in North America and Europe that the ends and applications of technology became important in-and-of themselves.


Four newchrysin derivatives linked with glycosyltriazole using the glucose,propargyl bromide and biochanin A as starting materialwere synthesized via "Click chemistry". The structure was confirmedby1 HNMR,13CNMR,IR,EI-MS and elemental analysis. The anti-hypoxic activities of four compounds were examined using the normobaric hypoxia model of mice. Compared to the model group,fourchrysin derivatives can enhanced the survival time of mice in hypoxia. The anti-hypoxia activity of galactopytriazole biochanin A and xylosyltriazole biochanin A were better than that of acetazolamide.


Hb Koln [β98(FG5)Val→Met] is the most common unstable hemoglobin (Hb) variant, causing hemolytic anemia of varying clinical severities (1). Hb Koln was first described in 1962, and the structural abnormality of the variant was determined in 1966 (2). The variant has increased oxygen affinity, and shows a left-shifted oxygen dissociation curve (3,4). The first case of Hb Koln in Koreans is described in this paper.


Sociologists and anthropologists recognise the 'face to face' group ?in which all the individuals meet each other in the course of the day's activities?as a primary group in all types of human society. This kind of group is similar to that which exists in sub-human primates. In a small human society, relationships tend to be personal and it matters a great deal more who a man is than what he does. Strong positive and negative attitudes in the relationships of business, professional and governmental complexes are based not mainly on role performance as shop assistant, doctor and clerk, but on family and friendship connections?as long as the unit is a small one. These


Counts of nesting birds are often used to monitor the abundance of breeding pairs at colonies. Mean incubation counts (MICs) are counts of nests with eggs at intervals that correspond to the mean incubation period of a species. The sum of all counts during the nesting season (MICtotal) and the highest single count during the season (MICmax) are metrics that can be generated from this method. However, the utility of these metrics as measures of the number of breeding pairs has not been well tested. We used two approaches to evaluate the bias and precision of MIC metrics for quantifying annual variation in the number of breeding Red-tailed Tropicbirds {Phaethon rubricaudd) nesting on two islands in the Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument in the northwest Hawaiian Islands. First, we used data from nest plots with individually marked birds to generate simulated MIC metrics that we compared to the known number of nesting individuals. The MICtotaj overestimated the number of pairs by about 5%, whereas the MICmax underestimated the number of pairs by about 60%. However, both metrics exhibited similar precision. Second, we used a 12-yr time series of island-wide MICs to compare estimates of temporal trend and annual variation using the MICmax and MICtotai. The 95% confidence intervals for the trend estimates were overlapping and the residual standard errors for the two metrics were similar. Our results suggest that both metrics offered similar precision for indices of breeding pairs of Red-tailed Tropicbirds, but that MICtota) was more accurate.


RESULTS. A novel type of motor endplate consisting of large, multiterminal en plaque endings was found in human EOMs, in addition to the previously well-described single en plaque and multiple en grappe endplates. Such novel endplates were abundant but exclusively observed in myofibers lacking MyHC slow and fast IIa but containing MyHC extraocular (MyHCeom), isoforms. Multiple en grappe endings were found only in myofibers containing MyHC slowtonic isoform and contained fetal c AChR subunit. Adult e and fetal c AChR subunits, alone or combined, were found in the multiterminal endplates. Distinct AChR subunits were present in adjacent motor endplates of a given myofiber containing MyHCeom.


The microflora of two acidic environments was investigated using analysis of 16S
rDNA amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from environmental DNA.
These environments had different chemical characteristics from most of the acidic
environments studied by others. The first sample site, a coal spoil (Birch Coppice,
Warwickshire), might have been expected to produce niches enriched in humic matter.
The second, comprising geothermal vents on the Island of Vulcano, was unusual for
natural acidic environments since it was saline. Three vent regions of different
temperatures (30°C, 45°C and 80°C) were examined.
Prior to the 16S rDNA analysis of the sites, a brief investigation into selection of a
suitable method of DNA extraction was carried out. A bead-beating method and a
chemical lysis/freeze-thaw method were compared. With regard to clone types found via
each method, there was little qualitative difference. DNA was extracted from the two
sites and 16S rRNA genes were amplified by PCR. PCR products were ligated and
competent E. coli cells were transformed to produce clone libraries. Restriction fragment
length polymorphisms (RFLPs) were examined and representatives of each RFLP type
were sequenced and analysed with reference to RNA gene sequence data bases.
The coal spoil clone library was dominated by sequences related to those from
uncultured actinobacteria, particularly those found previously in peat bogs and various
soils. Representatives of some well-known acidophiles were also found (e.g.
Leptospirillum species). The clone bank from the saline, geothermal site DNA comprised
sequences from acidophiles capable of growth at the respective temperatures of different
samples. The lowest temperature samples produced sequences from a novel
Acidithiobacillus species and also indicated a novel species probably related to
Thiobacillus prosperus (which was isolated previously from Vulcano). A high
temperature sample gave sequences from archaeal acidophiles, Acidianus brierleyi and,
previously isolated from Vulcano, Acidianus infernus and Thermoplasma volcanium.
Where the clone banks revealed the presence of novel organisms, attempts were
made to isolate and characterise them. The novel actinobacteria did not appear to grow in
laboratory enrichment cultures. The novel Acidithiobacillus species and two novel
Thiobacillus prosperus-like species were characterised.


The electronic band structure of ordered equiatomic compounds of 3d transition elements (Mn, Fe, Co, Ni) with nonmagnetic 4d and 5d elements (Rh, Pd, Pt, Ir) are investigated by linear muffin-tin orbital calculations. The systematic study considers 3d and 4d/5d spin moments and interatomic exchange interactions, with emphasis on the comparison between ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic order. Total and site-resolved exchange interactions are calculated from first principles, and the obtained exchange constants are used to estimate ordering temperatures on a mean-field level.


Watching A Decade of Forced entertainment at London's ICA in 1994 acts as a mnemonic for my teenage years spent exploring the northern industrial towns of Wakefield, Leeds and Bradford. I rarely visited Sheffield, Forced Entertainment's UK base, but the blunt humour of the scribbled notes they found; references to the miners' strike of 1984-5; the juxtaposition of urban and rural landscapes transported me momentarily back home. I recalled seeing graffiti on a bridge on the northbound carriageway of the M1 as I travelled back up north, reading 'THE NORTH WILL RISE AGAIN', and feeling buoyed up by the guerrilla intention of those spray-painted words. Ten years later, I find myself in Frankfurt watching Marathon Lexicon, the durational performance curated by Tim Etchells and Adrian Heath field to mark the twentieth anniversary of the company's work. Once again, the text is deeply affecting and I am transported to a different locale. On this occasion I find myself transported to a different 'home', a working environment and a performance space I inhabited in my midtwenties. Repeated descriptions of theatrical customs and practices provide, in this instance, such an excess of theatrical meanings and possibility that they appear to invite a free-play of association. During entries on 'dialogue', 'nerves' and 'exits', I am visited by strong recollections of past events. I recall fielding box office enquiries about nudity on stage; I recall mediating an argument between a black performance artist and two angry white female Evangelists who had taken exception to his use of blasphemy. I recalled ushering ambulance men under the stage to take an injured performer to hospital (he had broken his arm after falling through an open trap, midperformance). I am struck by the similarity of effect that these two very different performances had, each appearing to provoke a sudden inrush of nostalgia or homesickness. The first retrospective piece takes the sociopolitical landscape of 198os and 1990s Britain as its object of study; the second the myriad social and practical conventions which contribute towards a contemporary understanding of theatre and performance practice. The foregrounding of 'theatre' and 'theatricality' in the second performance provides a fruitful topic of investigation, both as a means to arrive at an understanding of how these memories come flooding back, and as a way of considering a shift m the framing of Forced Entertainment's work. Each performance represents a gathering of fragments, loosely conjoined by attempts at 'mapping' or by the pre-defined logic of the subject-specialist lexicon. Each frame appears to instigate a rationalist Enlightenment drive to fix and contain human activity akin to Diderot and d'Alembert's £ncyclopedie project (1751-77). However, the fragmentary nature of the recollection or entry refuses to be contained or tamed by the rudiments of the chosen structure. The tone or genre of the language employed does not necessarily match the delineated rational


This project aims to formulate an effective microbial formulation for biodegradation of pineapple waste. A
strain of fungus, Trichoderma harzianum UMAS SD17 and two strains of Bacillussp., Bacillus licheniformis UMAS P7 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens UMAS 1002 were used with varying co-cultivation in solid state fermentation where the pineapple waste are used as the substrate. Eight analytical analysis were done to determine the most efficient microbial formulation, which includes, protein content, carbon to nitrogen ratio, biomass dry weight, glucose and reducing sugar concentration and the level of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin degradation. Based on the data obtained, the fermentation with co-cultivation of all three microbes shows the highest cellulose degradation from 37.65% to 12.93%, and the highest hemicelluloses degradation from 6.87% to 2.36%. It also shows the second highest rate of lignin degradation after formulation of B.licheniformis and T.harzianum, from 14.5% to 9.5%. After 24 days of fermentation, this formulation also shows the closest C:N ratio to the ideal compost ratio of 25:1 at 50.12:1, thus suggesting that this formulation of microbes consisting of T.harzianum, B.licheniformis and B.amyloliquefaciens is the most efficient formulation for biodegradation of pineapple waste and can be further used for a complete composting
process.


3D motion planning and navigation of a novel three-limbed robot for intelligent space are described in this paper.The basis gaits of the robot are designed in order to be capable of walking in one plane and the evolvement gaits based on these basic gaits are planned by applying fuzzy inference rules in order to be capable of climbing in two inclined planes.Vector field based fuzzy neural network model is established to guide the robot in a 3D dynamic environment.The effectiveness of the 3D motion planning is proved by a simulation test.


The invention relates to a liquid laundry detergent containing tea saponin and a method for preparing the liquid laundry detergent, and particularly relates to an antibacterial liquid laundry detergent containing the natural ingredient tea saponin and capable of functioning in sterilization and decontamination simultaneously and a method for preparing the liquid laundry detergent, belonging to the technical field of detergents for daily use. The liquid laundry detergent is compounded with the tea saponin having the sterilization and decontamination capabilities, an anionic surfactant and a nonionic surfactant so that the sterilization and decontamination functions are integrated; and the liquid laundry detergent is prepared from sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate, soap of fatty acid potassium, alkyl polyglucosides, sodium polyoxyethylene alcohol ether sulfate, fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, tea saponin, fluorescent whitening agent and other additives as well as deionized water. Compared with the prior art, the liquid laundry detergent containing the tea saponin has the advantages of rational formulation, obvious decontamination effect, excellent sterilization and disinfection functions and the like; and the obtained product is green, environment-friendly, safe and free of pollution.


In this paper, a decoder is designed to convert the binary data to thermometer code. This paper involves a 4-bit decoder such that it consists of 4 inputs and 15 outputs. This decoder is designed in two different ways; IG-LP mode decoder and multiplexer based decoder. The IG-LP mode decoder is designed using the truth table of binary to thermometer decode r. This logic based decoder consists of 15 different logics, which are developed using the FinFET technology. The multiplexer based decoder is designed using 2:1 multiplexer circuits. These 2:1 multiplexers are also designed using FinFET technology. FinFET 18nm spectre models are used in cadence to design and simulations of proposed circuits. The performance validation has done with respect to power consumption, delay, PDP and EDP of both the designs.


The general problem of reconstructive tomography is to determine a density function f(x), defined on R", from its integrals on lower dimensional manifolds of some fixed dimension. Integrating/over hyperplanes has received considerable attention due to its relation to x-ray scanning in R and nuclear magnetic resonance scanning in R [4, 6]. This leads to the consideration of the Radon transform of/ defined on S~ x R, by


We consider the nonlinear equation @ @t u(t) = k(t) u(t) + u 1+ (t), u(0,x) = ' (x), x 2 R d , where := ( ) / 2 denotes the fractional power of the Laplacian; 0 0 are constants; ' is bounded, continuous, nonnegative function that does not vanish identically; and k is a locally integrable func- tion. We prove that any combination of positive parameters d,,, , obeying 0 < d/ < 1, yields finite time blow up of any nontrivial positive solution. Also we obtain upper and lower bounds for the life span of the solution, and show that the life span satisfies T' / ( d ) near = 0.


Because it has been my unusual privilege to come into personal contact with morbid heredity through three generations of one family, I take the opportunity of presenting, in brief, the histories of four patients of three separate generations. Case 1. —Mrs. M. X., aged 68, was born in England, there was no obtainable history of hereditary disease. Her husband who was short of stature, had no hereditary pathologic history. He died of senility at 79. One brother died of acute nephritis at 47, and one sister of diabetes at the age of 70. The patient had been well until four or five months before she came under my observation, in July of 1891. During these months she suffered severely from pains in the lower third of the thigh. They were supposed to be rheumatic. In attempting one morning to get out of bed she sustained a spontaneous fracture. At the


A time-frequency technique called short-time matrix pencil method (STMPM) is efficiently employed to analyze wideband scattering from resonant structures. After investigating various parameters of the technique such as time-window length and filtering parameter, some scenarios are studied. First, the proposed technique is applied to the backscattered response from two dipoles spaced 20 cm from each other. The dominantly excited resonances and scattering centers are successfully derived from the time-frequency diagram. Finally, the proposed technique is applied to the time-domain backscattered response from an open-ended circular cavity. Different scattering mechanisms such as resonant, scattering center, and dispersion are studied in the time-frequency diagram of the response. The results are compared with those of the short-time Fourier transform (STFT) and reassigned joint time-frequency (RJTF) techniques. Good resolution in time and frequency domains and its capability of finding low-energy excited poles of the scatterer are the major features of the proposed technique. By utilizing the proposed technique, the damping factor or equivalently the quality factor of the resonances are straightforwardly obtained, which can be useful in the study of resonant-based scatterers.


Neutrophil macroaggregates induce a distinct arterial-venous thrombotic response in the lung after gut ischemia. Rip n' roll Ischemia in critically ill patients can result in thrombosis of unrelated organs, which is partially due to neutrophil recruitment. Yuan et al. combined intravital microscopy of thrombosis after gut ischemia-reperfusion injury with samples from acute respiratory distress syndrome patients. They observed that rolling neutrophils grab and rip fragments from phosphatidylserine-expressing dying platelets, which leads to macroaggregates. These macroaggregates, in turn, induce thrombosis and were not able to be targeted by conventional therapies such as aspirin. Conversely, targeting the necrotic factor cyclophilin D did have beneficial effects. These studies reveal new thrombotic biology and suggest the development of alternatively targeted therapies to prevent distant organ injury. Gut ischemia is common in critically ill patients, promoting thrombosis and inflammation in distant organs. The mechanisms linking hemodynamic changes in the gut to remote organ thrombosis remain ill-defined. We demonstrate that gut ischemia in the mouse induces a distinct pulmonary thrombotic disorder triggered by neutrophil macroaggregates. These neutrophil aggregates lead to widespread occlusion of pulmonary arteries, veins, and the microvasculature. A similar pulmonary neutrophil-rich thrombotic response occurred in humans with the acute respiratory distress syndrome. Intravital microscopy during gut ischemia-reperfusion injury revealed that rolling neutrophils extract large membrane fragments from remnant dying platelets in multiple organs. These platelet fragments bridge adjacent neutrophils to facilitate macroaggregation. Platelet-specific deletion of cyclophilin D, a mitochondrial regulator of cell necrosis, prevented neutrophil macroaggregation and pulmonary thrombosis. Our studies demonstrate the existence of a distinct pulmonary thrombotic disorder triggered by dying platelets and neutrophil macroaggregates. Therapeutic targeting of platelet death pathways may reduce pulmonary thrombosis in critically ill patients.


While halide perovskite X-ray detectors based on single crystals could achieve extraordinary sensitivities, detectors based on polycrystalline thick films lag behind in efficiency. This is unfortun...


We study Lagrangian embeddings of a class of two-dimensional cell complexes $L_{p,q}$ into the complex projective plane. These cell complexes, which we call pinwheels, arise naturally in algebraic geometry as vanishing cycles for quotient singularities of type $\frac{1}{p^2}(pq-1,1)$ (Wahl singularities). We show that if a pinwheel admits a Lagrangian embedding into $\mathbf{CP}^2$ then $p$ is a Markov number and we completely characterise $q$. We also show that a collection of Lagrangian pinwheels $L_{p_i,q_i}$, $i=1,\ldots,N$, cannot be made disjoint unless $N\leq 3$ and the $p_i$ form part of a Markov triple. These results are the symplectic analogue of a theorem of Hacking and Prokhorov, which classifies complex surfaces with quotient singularities admitting a $\mathbf{Q}$-Gorenstein smoothing whose general fibre is $\mathbf{CP}^2$.


The long-term tradition of urban and regional planning recently has come under criticism. We are still unable to answer the fundamental questions regarding the role of planning in forming and confining the urban and regional areas, and empirical research raises strong doubts regarding the usefulness of traditional statutory planning work (Alfasi et al. 2012). New ideas focus around adaptive planning: Instead of establishing strict land-use maps of the future, the plan should direct the inherent dynamics of the complex urban system and avoid unsolicited development. Moroni (2007) specifically calls for public authorities to allow landowners to make use of their land within a framework of common rules, and plan their own actions--in other words, to substitute a top-down framework with a bottom-up approach. An example of these rules is the "urban codes" (Alfasi and Portugali 2007, Salingaros 2010) that specify principles for the development of urban elements based on their spatial adjacency. Development can take place anywhere by anyone, as long as the urban codes remain inviolate. It is important to note that urban codes are not dogmatic: According to the very spirit of the bottom-up approach, they require calibration in local context. The new views of planning are much closer to the modelers' view of urban development as a complex self-organizing process. The application of the complexity theory in planning reality is based on the extensive use of geographic information systems (GIS) and high-resolution spatially explicit modeling. GIS and models provide the common platform for both the professional planners and the general public thus facilitating participation planning and democratic decision making. Urban and regional plans are based on numerous GIS layers that contain rich spatial and nonspatial information on population and infrastructure that should be translated into planning constraints; householders', businesses,' and developers' preferences; and scenarios of possible development. Geographic information on the land uses, residential patterns, or transportation thus becomes a basis for spatially explicit dynamic models of urban and regional development. The recent generation of the urban models hopefully will enable merging between the planner's top-down view of "desirable future" with the "possible futures" that are constructed by the modeler in the bottom-up fashion (Benenson and Torrens 2004, Jiang and Jia 2011). This indicates that the top-down and the bottom-up views do not contradict but support and complement each other in spatial planning and decision-making. This special issue brought together the experts across the fields of planning on the one hand and of urban and regional modeling on the other to address "desirable" and "possible" urban and regional futures, and to present the state-of-the-art models in the rapidly developing domain of planning-oriented spatially explicit urban and regional modeling. Although the authors of the papers mainly work in the field of modeling, they all have planning practice in mind. The six papers collected in the special issue, selected from 18 submissions, all aim at bridging the gap between the planning practice and the modeling effort. The papers of the issue can be placed into three groups. The first two papers address a decentralized urban structure, which is fundamental to both modeling and planning. Sohel J. Ahmed, Glen Bramley, and Ashraf M. Dewan in "Different Spatial Metrics: A Case Study on Dhaka, Bangladesh (1960-2005)" explore the remote sensing data for monitoring the rapidly expanding megacity of Dhaka, Bangladesh, specifically during 1999 to 2005. They quantify spatial and temporal patterns of Dhaka growth and demonstrate that the hot spots of change shifted from the central toward the north, south, east, and southeast directions. Infill development remains substantial all the time and is attributed to new jobs and commercial hubs in the city core and the tendency to reduce work-home trip time. …


Comunicacion presentada en el 7th lnternational Conference on Miniaturized Chemical and Blochemlcal Analysts Systems
October 5-9, 2003, Squaw Valley, Callfornla USA


The main objectives of MERIS (MEdium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer) consist of atmospheric processes related to the water vapour column and aerosol optical properties designed for meteorological applications, and the land surface properties as well as the bio‐optical oceanography. In this context, operational MERIS level‐2 processing uses auxiliary data generated by two radiative transfer tools. These two codes simulate upwelling radiances within a coupled 'atmosphere–land' system, using different approaches based on the matrix‐operator method (FUB, Freie Universität Berlin), the discrete ordinate method and the successive orders technique (ULCO, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale). Intervalidation of these two radiative transfer tools was performed in order to implement them in the MERIS level‐2 processing. For cases without gaseous absorption, the scattering processes both by the molecules and the aerosols were retrieved within a few tenths of a percentage point. Nevertheless, some substantial discrepancies occur if the polarization is not accounted for, mainly in the Rayleigh scattering computations. Errors on the aerosol optical thickness reach up to 25% in some geometries as observed in the MERIS images. The parametrization of gaseous absorption (H2O and O2) defined for each of these two codes leads to a good agreement for the MERIS bands with residual absorption. In the strong absorption bands (761.75 nm and 900 nm), the FUB computations well match the results derived from a line‐by‐line (LBL) code with a very high spectral resolution. Note that the oxygen absorption at 761.75 nm is very sensitive to the characteristics of the sensor spectral response and requires accurate calculations with the LBL code. Consequently, the ULCO code has been implemented in the MERIS level‐2 processing to include polarization in the scattering processes and to correct for slightly gaseous absorption, the FUB code to derive the water vapour abundance, and the LBL code to determine the barometric pressure. Impacts of the differences in the look‐up table generation on the level‐2 products (aerosol model, surface reflectance and barometric pressure) are also analysed and illustrated.


The paper contains two parts. In the first one the author identifies the basic problems of the analytical theory of legal customs, i.e., those problems that have been usually dealt with by analytical legal philosophers. In the second part the author provides an account of the ways one of these problems (the problem about the existence conditions of a legal custom) has been dealt with by three analytical jurists —Norberto BOBBIO, Giorgio LAZZARO, and Bruno CELANO—, for their analyses may be included amongst the finest ones in XX century jurisprudence.


The objective of this study was to clarify extracellular materials (ECMs) in adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC) and compare these to those found in other salivary gland tumors with myoepithelial differentiation. The ECM was examined with Papanicolaou, May‐Grünwald‐Giemsa (MGG), and alcian blue stain at pH 2.5. The ECM in AdCC was classified into three types according to their staining patterns: clear, hyalinized, and membrane type. The incidence of clear‐type globule material with magenta on MGG was low in other salivary gland tumors with myoepithelial differentiation. The ECM was identified in other salivary gland tumors with myoepithelial differentiation. However, AdCC has the greatest variety of ECM. These findings are useful to understand the character of AdCC and differential diagnosis of the other salivary gland tumors with myoepithelial differentiation. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2004;31:14–18. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


In response to the needs of the local electronics industry, an undergraduate electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) course was introduced at Florida Atlantic University, in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering. The course stsructure is outlined and some of the problems encountered in teaching such a course are discussed. Recommendations are included for others planning a similar course. >


According to the part request to the material useable performance analyze the working conditions of the part,find the main performance indicatrix and based on the machining manufacturability and the economical efficiency of the part carry through comprehensire consideration.


To investigate the prevalence of iron deficiency (ID) in heart failure (HF) patients with normal vs. abnormal red cell indices (RCI), the associations between iron parameters and RCI, and prognostic consequences of ID independently of RCI.


Maritime industry is affected by outside factors significantly due to its derivative demand characteristics. However, the supply side can not react to these changes immediately and due to this uniqueness, maritime industry repeats the boom-bust cycle. Therefore the government itself needs to operate early warning system in order to monitor the market and notice the upcoming risks by setting up a system to prepare for the situations. In this research, signal approach is used to establish early warning system. Overall leading index is composed of crisis index that is based on BDI(Baltic Dry Index) and various leading indexes such as finance, economy, shipping and the others. As a result of computing overall leading index which is early warning system in maritime through signal approach, the index showed a high correlation coefficient with actual maritime risk index by difference of 4 months. Also, the result was highly accurate with overall leading index's QPS(Quadratic Probability Score) at 0.37.


Neural architecture search (NAS) aims to discover network architectures with desired properties such as high accuracy or low latency. Recently, differentiable NAS (DNAS) has demonstrated promising results while maintaining a search cost orders of magnitude lower than reinforcement learning (RL) based NAS. However, DNAS models can only optimize differentiable loss functions in search, and they require an accurate differentiable approximation of non-differentiable criteria. In this work, we present UNAS, a unified framework for NAS, that encapsulates recent DNAS and RL-based approaches under one framework. Our framework brings the best of both worlds, and it enables us to search for architectures with both differentiable and non-differentiable criteria in one unified framework while maintaining a low search cost. Further, we introduce a new objective function for search based on the generalization gap that prevents the selection of architectures prone to overfitting. We present extensive experiments on the CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100 and ImageNet datasets and we perform search in two fundamentally different search spaces. We show that UNAS obtains the state-of-the-art average accuracy on all three datasets when compared to the architectures searched in the DARTS space. Moreover, we show that UNAS can find an efficient and accurate architecture in the ProxylessNAS search space, that outperforms existing MobileNetV2 based architectures. The source code is available at \url{https://github.com/NVlabs/unas}.


Floating-ring bearings are widely used in automotive turbocharger machinery because of their robustness, low cost and their suitability under extreme rotation speeds. This type of bearings, however, can become a source of noise due to oil whirl/whip instability. The stabilizing effect of lobed bearing shape is known in the literature, which encourages the researchers to substitute plain cylindrical full floating bearings with lobed geometries in their outer and inner clearances to prevent the rotor-bearing system from developing oil whirl/whip instability or to reduce its amplitude of response when oil whirl/whip instability takes place. In this study, a novel concept of a floating-ring bearing with three-lobed clearances in its inner and outer films is modelled. In order to perform transient simulations, a very time-efficient approximate solution for the Reynolds equation to the geometry of three-lobed bearings is presented. Using the run-up simulation method, the nonlinear dynamic behaviours of a real turbocharger rotor supported by the novel concept of three-lobed floating-ring bearings are systematically investigated. The newly obtained results show that the sub-synchronous vibrations can be thoroughly suppressed with high preload factor at the cost of a moderate increase in the synchronous vibrations. Hence, the three-lobed floating-ring bearings design is an attractive alternative to plain cylindrical floating-ring bearings for automotive turbocharger applications.


The invention relates to a method for preparing L-ascorbic acid or D-erythorbic acid carboxylate by using acyl chloride. According to the method, with DMAc (N,N-dimethylacetamide) or NMP (N-methyl pyrrolidone) as a solvent, a catalyst and an acid-binding agent in reaction of carboxylic acid and SOCl2, acryl chloride directly reacts with L-ascorbic acid or D-erythorbic acid without being separated to prepare L-ascorbic acid or D-erythorbic acid carboxylate. Compared with the existing acryl chloride method, the method disclosed by the invention has the characteristics of simple operation, little dosage of SOCl2, short reaction period, mild reaction conditions, high reaction yield, environmental friendliness and the like, and a used solvent does not need to be dried in advance.


SLMS athermal technology has been demonstrated in the small 4-foot helium cryogenic test chamber located at the NASA/MSFC X-Ray Calibration Facility (XRCF). A SLMS Ultraviolet Demonstrator Mirror (UVDM) produced by Schafer under a NASA/MSFC Phase I SBIR was helium cryo tested both free standing and bonded to a Schafer designed prototype carbon fiber reinforced silicon carbide (Cesic) mount. Surface figure data was obtained with a test measurement system that featured an Instantaneous Phase Interferometer (IPI) by ADE Phase Shift. The test measurement system's minimum resolvable differential figure deformation and possible contributions from test chamber ambient to cryo window deformation are under investigation. The free standing results showed differential figure deformation of 10.4 nm rms from 295K to 27K and 3.9 nm rms after one cryo cycle. The surface figure of the UVDM degraded by lambda/70 rms HeNe once it was bonded to the prototype Cesic mount. The change was due to a small astigmatic aberration in the prototype Cesic mount due to lack of finish machining and not the bonding technique. This effect was seen in SLMS optical assembly results, which showed differential figure deformation of 46.5 nm rms from 294K to 27K, 42.9 nm rms from 294K to 77K, 28.0 nm rms from 294K to 193K and 6.2 nm rms after one cryo cycle.


Probably every agricultural college in the United States has a herd of dairy cattle. It would not seem to be possible to successfully carry on the dairy work at the institution without some dairy animals. Since there are four principal breeds of dairy cattle that have any general distribution throughout the country, the ideal condition would be to have each represented at the several institutions. A herd of dairy cattle at the state agricultural college serves a number of purposes: (1) Furnishes animals for instructional work in dairy cattle iudging; (2) Furnishes animals for experimental work; (3) Furnishes milk for use in instructional work; (4) Furnishes milk for experimental work; (5) Serves as an ideal toward which the breeders of the state may strive. Very likely many college herds do not, to the fullest extent, serve all the functions mentioned. Especially is the last mentioned difficult to perform. Many, if not most, of the colleges have been greatly hampered from lack of funds for the purchase of foundation females or the proper kind of sires to successfully carry on breeding operations. At various times during the last few years, it ha~ been the privilege of the senior author to visit many of the agricultural colleges and the records then prevailing and those presented here show a remarkable improvement in the productive ability of their dairy cows. It is considered doubtful if the breeders of dairy cattle generally, appreciate how good the college herds are at present and it was also thought likely that those connected with the various institutions would like to know how their herds compared with those of other places. With this in mind a questionnaire was sent out to thirty-five institutions asking for the leading official record cow in each of the age classes for the four breeds, Holstein, Jersey, Guernsey


Purpose: Multiple endocrine neoplasia type I is rarely reported in Korea. The purpose of this study is to analyze the clinical features and the treatment of MEN1 which had been carried out in our institution. Methods: Eight patients underwent surgery for MEN1-related hyperparathyroidism, duodenopancreatic tumors and pituitary tumors at our institution and were reviewed retrospectively. Results: Of the eight patients, all patients had hyperparathyroidism. There were 5 total parathyroidectomy patients and 3 subtotal parathyroidectomy patients, none of them had persistent and recurrent hyperparathyroidism after operation. However, one of total parathyroidectomy patients had persistent hypoparathyroidism. Of the 8 patients, seven had duodenopancreatic tumors; four of them had pancreatic islet-cell tumors, two had malignant gastrinoma and one had ZollingerEllision syndrome. Pituitary tumors were observed in 6 patients among the 8; four of them had prolactinoma, and 2 had adenoma which was confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging. Of the eight patient, only one patient was confirmed to have another MEN1 family member and the mutation of MEN1 gene on chromosome 11q13 was proved on gene study. Conclusion: The clinical features of these patients were similar to those in other reports and the results of surgical treatment were relatively satisfactory. However, the detection of other MEN1 patients among the family members was relatively poor. Close follow up of family members and gene study will be required. (Korean J Endocrine Surg 2004;4: 31-35)


The Common Market Treaty divides lawmaking power and judicial jurisdiction between the Community and the National legal systems. Its "federalizing" features' are the preemptive effect it envisions for Community law2 and the role it attributes to the Community Court2 as exclusive final8 arbiter in questions concerning the validity and interpretation of Community law. I have discussed elsewhere4 the Court's jurisdiction to entertain original5 cases as well as the theoretical framework of two other problems: How the Court exercises its function in cases pending before national courts (the referral problem) and in what way the supremacy of the substantive, "federal" Community law can be assured in national legal systems (the supremacy problem). In both of the latter areas, the Community Court had provided early landmark


The present study was designed to study the sunscreen activity of herbal formulation. There is no evidence regarding the sun protection factor studies on seed oil of Moringa oleifera L, (Moringaceae). This study investigates its in vitro sun protection factor (SPF) by COLIPA method of oil in a cream formulation. The sun protection factor was analyzed by using Optometric LLC, SPF- 290S is a recording ultraviolet - visible (UVVIS) spectrophotometer using samples exposed to Xenon arc lamp. The sun protection factor of Moringa fixed oil cream exhibited less activity (SPF= 2.04±0.02) suggesting it can be used to maintain the natural pigmentation of the skin or can be used as an adjuvant in other formulations to enhance the activity. SPF of formulation was found 1.46 with ultra boot star rating 1 which approaches toward sunscreen activity.


Analysis of 266 pursuit flights of wild birds provided a qualitative and quantitative description of aspects of this phenomenon. Flight behavior and frequency were analyzed for the general prelaying, laying, incubation, and renesting periods.Flight behavior of pursued males and females and that of the pursuing male varied little throughout the breeding season. No difference was detected on a daily basis.Flight frequency was greatest during the morning (0500 to 1000 h) period throughout the season. On a seasonal basis, frequency was greatest during territory establishment and declined after general incubation began. Another peak of activity occurred during the renesting period. Frequency during all periods reflected the number of non-territorial pairs interacting with territorial pairs.Attempted rape and associated flight was rare, with most flights apparently resulting from hostility associated with territorial defense. The pursuer was invariably a territorial male.The pursuit flight functioned in the est...


Introduction: Early cancer detection remains a critical challenge to improve patients9 survival rate and clinical outcomes. Alterations in DNA methylation play a key role in tumor initiation, development, progression and metastasis. Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) methylation analysis on liquid biopsies (e.g., blood and urine) holds a great promise for early detection of cancers even without symptoms. In this context, we are developing a non-invasive, cost-effective test that can detect several major cancer types, including lung (LnC), breast (BrC), colorectal (CRC), gastric (GC), esophageal (EC) and liver (LvC) cancers with high specificity (Sp) and sensitivity (Sn). These six cancer types represent two third of the newly diagnosed cancer patients and 72% of cancer deaths every year in China. Methods: In order to identify highly effective DNA methylation markers for early detection, we have conducted genome-wide methylation profiling on more than 2,000 benign and malignant tissue samples, including large number of early stage (Stage I/II) tumors and pre-cancerous lesions from lung, breast, colorectum, liver, stomach and esophagus. We then developed a high performance assay, Aurora, to capture cancer-specific DNA methylation signatures in plasma. Specifically, cfDNA was extracted from each of the plasma samples, bisulfite-converted, and analyzed by NGS on Illumina MiSeq system. Results and Discussion: To date, methylation profiles of plasma samples derived from, 1) 58 normal and 106 malignant pulmonary nodule patients, 2) 31 normal and 85 malignant CRC patients, and 3) 81 normal and 78 malignant breast nodule patients, were analyzed. Overall performances (Area Under Curve, AUC) of the Aurora test are 90%, 98% and 92% for LnC, BrC and CRC, respectively. Further clinical validation and evaluation are being conducted in larger independent cohorts of these three types of cancers as well as additional cohorts for the other cancers (GC, EC and LvC). The superior performance and low cost (~$100) make the Aurora test very promising for simultaneous screening of multiple major cancers in symptom-free, average risk populations. Citation Format: Linhao Xu, Jun Wang, Ting Yang, Jinsheng Tao, Xin Liu, Zhujia Ye, Dezhi Zhao, Zeyu Jiang, Zhiwei Chen, Jian-Bing Fan. Toward the development of a $100 screening test for 6 major cancer types [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 4601.


Thirty-three isolates of Fusarium acuminatum obtained
from inland Pacific Northwest forest nurseries were tested for their pathogenicity on young Douglas-fir
germinants under controlled laboratory conditions.
Tested isolates were from forest nursery soil, roots of
healthy-appearing and diseased conifer seedlings,
Styrofoam and hard plastic containers, conifer seeds,
411 and adult fungus gnats. The vast majority of isolates
were non-pathogenic under test conditions. A few
isolates from roots of healthy-appearing or diseased
seedlings displayed low or moderate virulence.
Although isolates of F. acuminatum are routinely
encountered in forest nurseries, they are probably not
important pathogens under most conditions and should
usually not be considered a threat to seedling
production.


Since 1976, it is known from the paper by V. P. Belkin that the variety RA2 of right alternative metabelian (solvable of index 2) algebras over an arbitrary field is not Spechtian (contains nonfinitely based subvarieties). In 2005, S. V. Pchelintsev proved that the variety generated by the Grassmann RA2-algebra of finite rank r over a field ℱ, for char(ℱ) ≠ 2, is Spechtian iff r = 1. We construct a nonfinitely based variety 𝔐 generated by the Grassmann 𝒱-algebra of rank 2 of certain finitely based subvariety 𝒱 ⊂ RA2 over a field ℱ, for char(ℱ) ≠ 2, 3, such that 𝔐 can also be generated by the Grassmann envelope of a five-dimensional superalgebra with one-dimensional even part.


Objectives: Why is it that we do not see enough early prostate cancer in our urological practice? Is it really uncommon, or is it that we are not convinced about the need for its aggressive management? This study intended to look at the opinion and patterns of practice among urologists in Tamil Nadu and Pondicherry, with regards to early prostate cancer. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire was sent to 63 urologists of these states to assess their opinion and practice, regarding the detection and treatment of early prostate cancer. Simultaneously, we retrospectively assessed the cases of carcinoma of the prostate seen at our hospital between January 2001 and September 2003. In these patients, we looked for evidence to see if they could have had localized disease and could have been further evaluated for curative therapy. Results: Though 69% of urologists believed in early prostate cancer detection, only 48% attempted early detection and 41% offered these patients, curative therapy. The most common reason for this was the opinion of urologists that, "we do not see early prostate cancer in our practice". An analysis of 153 of our patients revealed that at least 26 of them could have been further evaluated towards curative therapy. Conclusions: One may not believe in the virtue of treating early prostate cancer. If however we are convinced about its usefulness, we are overlooking many cases who could have been offered curative therapy.


The performative turn, which manifested itself in the 1960-70s, followed the linguistic turn, exposing a tendency towards putting language in action. The article outlines the implications of the performative approach in the field of artistic discourse and, more precisely, the discourse of verbal art and discusses Moscow conceptualism as a poetic manifestation of performativity. In the Soviet Union and countries of the Eastern bloc, conceptualism manifested itself in the deideologization of the official language of power. Ordinary utterances invaded the poetic texts and canvases, opposing the official discourse of Soviet authorities. The study of verbal artworks by I. Kabakov, L. Rubinstein, D. A. Prigov and A. Monastyrsky elucidates the dialectics of performativity and (non-) creativity in the case of verbal utterances used in poetic discourse.


Network centrality is an important index to measure the centrality of a node in a network. Calculating node centrality parameters is difficult, as networks become Large-Scale, it is essential to find out new algorithms to calculate the centrality of the more complex and bigger networks. Motivated by this trend, a new data structure and faster algorithm for nodes' centrality is provided in this paper. Our algorithm is based on the foundation of the Shortest Path Layer, we used this algorithm to calculate degree centrality, betweenness centrality and closeness centrality for unweighted networks simultaneously. To test its calculation speed, we did 540 simulation experiments using Ulrik Brandes' algorithm, using SPL without evolution and SPL with evolution, respectively. Results show that our structure and algorithm can improve calculation speed by at least 170.43% compared with Brandes' algorithm, and margin of betweenness result error is less than 1010.


Combined with Wuxu overpass construction the incremental launching technology is introduced in this paper. And the construction crafts, e-quipments, and construction methods of box beams with incremental launching method are clarified. At the same time, the author pointed out that adopting the incremental launching method for box beams end part has more advantages than for box beams others part.


Purpose
This paper aims to introduce mathematical models to capture the spreading of epidemics to explain the expansion of mortgage default events in the USA.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors use the state of infectiousness and death to represent the subsequent steps of payment elinquency and default, respectively. As the local economic structure influences regional unemployment, which is a strong driver of mortgage default, the authors model interdependencies of regional mortgage default rates through employment conditions and vicinity.

Findings
Based on a large sample between 2000 and 2014 of loan-level data, the estimation of key parameters of the model is proposed. The model's forecast accuracy shows an above-average performance compared to well-known approaches such as linear regression or logit models.

Originality/value
The key findings may be useful in understanding the dynamics of mortgage defaults and its spatial spreading.


Aotearoa's post-COVID19 hopitality industry is in a sate of flux. COVID19 has seen the industry tipped upside down and this disruption has highlight structuial issues that lay below the surface. To build toward a sustainable, more rewarding future the industry needs to come together, reflect, communicate and plan. But does the industry have the ability or desire to do so?


The aim of the work was to study the fate of geterotransplantata fetal liver and its stimulating effect on the connective tissue of the skin. Embryonic human liver tissue was obtained during medical abortion with all trebovnay Declaration of Helsinki. Liver tissue and hematopoietic cells injected into rat subcutaneous connective tissue of the back. The experiments were conducted on 30 females, 12, 24 and 36 hours sampled skin with underlying muscle at the site of the suspension. The resulting preparations were stained with hematoxylin-eosin. Found that when the body reacts to geterotransplantatsii transplant inflammatory response to destroy the cells of the graft. After 36 chaov hepatocytes almost completely destroyed, whereas hematopoietic cells survive and induce in the subcutaneous connective tissue forming the source of ectopic bone formation, with a density of bone marrow containing hematopoietic cells.


Many attempts have been made to find simple and reliable methods for determining the activity of activated sludge. The most simple method is a measure of mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) or mixed liquor volatile suspended solids (MLVSS). Neither of these measurements, however, measures the cell activity but only the cell weight, and they do not dis tinguish between living and dead cells. More specific methods for measuring the active cell mass have been used by several workers, methods ranging from stan dard plate counts to the measuring of the cell constituents present only in living cells. A review of these works is presented in a paper by Weddle and Jenkins.1 None of these methods is simple or suitable for serial analysis. In the same paper, Weddle and Jenkins stated that a significant measure of the activity of activated sludge is the rate of substrate removal. In aerobic systems, such as in the activated sludge process, the substrate is removed by biological oxydation, with oxygen as the final electron acceptor. The rate of substrate re moval may, therefore, be equivalent to the oxygen uptake rate (OUR). The OUR is an extensively used measure for the activity of activated sludge in research laboratories. The OUR can be measured by the manometric technique of Warburg, but because this technique requires special equipment and skilled technicians, it has been used little in controlling wastewater treatment plants. The development of the oxygen electrodes has made measuring OUR much easier and time-saving, and it is surprising that the use of oxygen electrodes in measuring OUR in activated sludge plants has not totally replaced other methods. If a method for measuring the activity of activated sludge is to serve as a practical controlling measurement, it must express the total oxygen uptake capacity for well-conditioned, unpoi soned sludge, as well as for sludge which has been influenced by components toxic to the microorganisms in the sludge. Furthermore, a method which is to be widely used in treatment plants must be simple to carry out and must not need expensive equipment. This work is an attempt to develop such a method.


A phenol-degradable strain named phen8 was isolated and screened from wastewater of an oil refinery in China. The function of phenol-degrading capability was examined at molecular level. PCR and electrophoresis analysis detected a typical band of DNA fragment of phenol hydroxylase. The results of plasmid analysis showed that genes encoding the enzymes degrading phenol are located in chromosome of the strain phen8. The complete sequence of the phen8 strain's 16S ribosomal DNA was found to be homogeneous at the rate of 98% to the members of Pseudomonas stutzer DSM50227 and DSM50238 in GenBank of the Internet (registration number AF284764 in GenBank). Therefore, the position of the strain in microbiological phylogeny was established, for temporary it was classified as Pseudomonas sp phen8.;


Two new clusters, [(H2O)9Mo3S4CoCoS4Mo3(H2O)9](CH3·C6H4·SO3)8·18H2O (1) and [(H2O)9Mo3S4HgS4Mo3(H2O)9](CH3·C6H4·SO3)8·20H2O (2), have been synthesized by the reaction of [Mo3S4(H2O)9]4+ (3′) with metallic cobalt and mercury, respectively. The X-ray structure analyses revealed that in 1 two Mo3S4Co(H2O)9 moieties are joined through two cobalt-sulfur bonds, and in 2 a mercury atom was sandwiched by two 3′ s.


Canada geese (Branta canadensis) are important ecologically and economically throughout Illinois and the Midwest. Two populations of Canada geese are thought to congregate in the Greater Chicago Metropolitan Area (GCMA) during winter: 1) temperate-breeding Canada geese, which are year-round residents in the Midwest, and 2) interior Canada geese, which breed on the southern portions of Hudson Bay and migrate south during winter. Information suggests that winter distributions of interior Canada geese have shifted northward in recent years. With temperate-breeding populations increasing and interior Canada geese wintering in more northerly latitudes, there has been an increase in Canada goose populations using the GCMA and potential conflicts with humans are likely to increase.