This paper aims at analyzing the process of establishing the state reward system for elite contributions during the Yongzheng and Qianlong reigns. Based on the data in The Veritable Records of the Qing Dynasty and the archival materials of the Board of Personnel and the Board of Rites, I presented the number of elite contributions that were reported to the central authority for state reward, either in the form of public commendation (jingbiao) or of evaluation (yixu), I also analyzed the Emperor Qianlong's perception of elite contributions, and his plans on how the public enterprises should be managed by assigning proper roles to officials and local elites. Even before the establishment of the state reward system in this period, it is true that the state had systems to reward those who donated their private wealth for public causes. However, during the Ming, the system of designating certain people as the "righteous civilians" and rewarding them was limited to their activities in famine-relief. Moreover, The Collection of the Ming Statutes (Ming huidian) does not have a specific regulation for rewarding elite contributions. Unlike the earlier situation, the development in the Yongzheng and Qianlong courts resulted in the specification of the kinds of public activities that the state promised to reward, the assignment of a concrete title to such actions, and the establishment of a system in which the state could closely monitor the process to prevent the misuse of the system. The systemizing process did provoke some disagreement among the officials, and debates between opposing officials took place in the early Qianlong court to determine the contents of reward, the acceptable forms of contributions, and the ways to prevent corruption. The conclusions reached by the state after these debates can be summarized as follows: First, elite contributions should be allowed but not without limit. They should be contained within the scope that does not infringe on the regular functions of the state. Second, contributions should be made voluntarily, without the enforcement by local officials or clerks who look for the chances of fattening their own pockets. Conversely, contributors should not collude with the clerks to present false reports that exaggerate the amount of their contributions. Third, the state should supervise the system so that it would not function as the regularized route of office-purchasing (juanna), since the reward shared some common ground with the office-purchasing system. Elite contributions were by no means a unique feature that can be found only in the Qing society. However, the Qing government would find no counterpart in paying extraordinary efforts in monitoring and systemizing the reward procedure. Elite contributions were an indispensable part of local management of public enterprises. However, if left uncontrolled, they might trigger a centrifugal trend as the actions would consolidate the alliance between local officials and local elites which the latter might use in the unlawful interest of themselves. The system of reward, through close monitoring, aimed at preventing this, while simultaneously re-directing the loyalty of the contributors toward the central state. Moreover, the reward could also serve as an incentive to invite more contributions, as attracting contributions was not always an easy task. The dramatic population increase and the flourishing of commerce during the 18th century meant the rise of administrative fees and the accumulation of private wealth, respectively. But these factors did not immediately prompt the central state to relinquish the initiatives in local public areas and delegate more responsibilities upon the local elites. In the early Qianlong years, as in the Yongzheng period, the central government strongly showed a tendency to intervene in the local public realm directly and manage the public works with state funding. It is true that the imperial will to implement such direct intervention diminished with the passage of time, allowing for a greater degree of elite financial participation. However, whenever possible, the state opted for an active involvement in the local public matters even in the later years of the Qianlong period. The relatively small number of elite contribution cases reported during the Qianlong reign, strikingly lower than the number in the early 19th century, testifies to the limited range of elite participation during this period. Against the background of relatively sufficient state revenue, the 18th century central government was able to contain the elite contribution under a certain limit.


COVID-19 forced billions of people to restructure their daily lives and social habits. Several research projects have focused on social impacts, approaching the phenomenon on the basis of different issues and scales. This work studies the changes in social relations within the well-defined urban-territorial elements of co-housing communities. The peculiarity of this research lies in the essence of these communities, which base their existence on the spirit of sharing spaces and activities. As social distancing represented the only effective way to control the outbreak, the research studied how the rules of social distancing impacted these communities. For this reason, a questionnaire was sent to 60 communities asking them to highlight the changes that the emergency imposed on the members in their daily life and in the organization of common activities and spaces. A total of 147 responses were received and some relevant design considerations emerged: (1) the importance of feeling part of a "safe" community, with members who were known and deemed reliable, when facing a health emergency; and (2) the importance of open spaces to carry out shared activities. Overall, living in co-housing communities was evaluated as an "extremely positive circumstance" despite the fact that the emergency worsened socialization.


?Objective:To investigate influence of aminophylline on breathing patterns in COPD after maximal exercise.Methods:Twenty six stable COPD patients underwent maximal exercise tests before and after intravenous injection of 0.25 g aminophylline.Diagram was depicted with tidal volume on the abscissa and minute ventilation on the ordinate to compare the changes of breathing patterns during exercise with those after recovery.Results:△VT in COPD was significantly increased and was related negatively with FEV\-1% and AV·UEmax/MVV( P 0.05).Aminophylline remarkably decreased the △VT and the decrease was only negatively related to FEV\-1%( P 0.05).Conclusions:The routine dosage of aminophylline can obviously improve the breathing patterns in maximal exercise of COPD patients perhaps through improvement of the respiratory muscle function .


OBJECTIVE
To explore the characteristics of differentially methylated genes and gene ontology associated with neural tube defects (NTDs).

METHODS
Twelve subjects from 3 NTDs pedigrees were enrolled. Patients with NTDs have served as the case group, while their family members with normal phenotypes have served as the control group. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral venous blood samples of the families and used for DNA methylation analysis. Pairwise comparison was carried out primarily for patient-offspring pairs, and co-segregation of methylation pattern with NTDs was analyzed. Pathway related to differentially methylated genes was predicted with DAVID software.

RESULTS
Pairwise comparison indicated that VTRNA2-1 was the only gene in which all CpG sites were methylated. Co-segregation of VTRNA2-1 gene methylation with NTDs was found in all pedigrees. Pathways of hypermethylated genes included plasma membrane component, regulation of cellular protein metabolic process, and regulation of actin cytoskeleton organization, while the pathways of hypomethylated genes have included transcription regulator activity, cell adhesion, and neuronal differentiation.

CONCLUSION
Methylation of the VTRNA2-1 gene has co-segregated with NTDs in the studied pedigrees. The pathways of differentially methylated genes has involved with mechanism of neural tube development.


High‐flow nasal cannula (HFNC) is a new treatment option for pediatric respiratory distress and we aimed to assess early predictive factors of unresponsiveness to HFNC therapy in a pediatric emergency department (ED).


Due to cost pressure, device complexity and size issue, most of the digital communication receiver designers try to avoid very sharp AntiAliasing filter. And because of that aliasing frequency e.g. image frequency e.g. ghost cell frequency appear inside the digital baseband, which apparently remained unnoticed to the receiver. As receiver is blind about that signal so, it processes the aliasing signal frequency as a desired cell frequency and if the aliasing signal is strong enough, then the initial mobile receiver's operations like, cell search and camp on etc. will be successfully performed using that aliasing signal. Later, during the uplink transmission time the receiver will discover that it has wrongly camped to an aliasing frequency, as network will not respond to mobile receiver's message due to mismatch in DL and corresponding UL ARFCN. Here in this paper, a simple, fast and efficient method is proposed to detect the presence of aliasing frequency in the received digital baseband signal. First the dc power at 0 Hz is estimated using I and Q signal average, then that is compared with the dc power after rotating by π radian (e.g. fs/2 – half sampling frequency in case of a twice oversampled received signal). If the estimated dc power before rotation is much higher than the dc power after rotations that will indicate there is no aliasing frequency present in the received digital baseband signal. And in such case, the receiver will process further the received signal; otherwise it will discard or take the appropriate action to combat the aliasing.


A multi-stage centrifugal forest fire pump independently developed by College of Engineering,Beijing Forestry University is introduced and this kind of pump features small volume,light weight,suitable flow,high lift,simple structure and easy operation and can better meet the needs of forest fire suppression.


Experiments were carried out to determine the melting curves of H2, H2O (ice VII), 4He and Ar. A resistive heating technique in a diamond anvil cell was used. The use of an in-situ method to measure pressure and temperature provides accurate data. The large number of melting points and their good precision very well constrain the melting curves of these elements in the studied range. Simon equations were found to well reproduce the present measurements.


Background: Epidermal hyperpigmentation is an important dermatological concern with a high prevalence in the Indian population. Kojic acid-based depigmenting formulations have proven to be effective in the management of epidermal hyperpigmentation. A questionnaire-based survey was conducted to assess physicians' knowledge about epidermal hyperpigmentation and practice patterns about a novel depigmenting formulation containing a combination of kojic acid dipalmitate 4%, azelaic acid 12%, glycolic acid 3%, niacinamide 4%, arbutin 2%, glycogen liquid 2%, sodium hyaluronate solution 2%, and shea butter 1% for epidermal hyperpigmentation treatment in India.
Methods: The survey was conducted among 235 dermatologists across different geographical regions of India over 3 months. The questionnaire evaluated prevalence and choice and duration of therapies for epidermal hyperpigmentation in Indian clinical practice, and dermatologists' real-life experience with efficacy of the novel formulation. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize survey results.
Results: All 235 dermatologists completed the questionnaire and responded to questions based on experience in treating patients with epidermal hyperpigmentation. In all, 58% dermatologists preferred kojic acid-based combinations. Furthermore, 57% of dermatologists agreed that glycolic acid can enhance the penetration of kojic acid and azelaic acid, 47.45% strongly agreed that a kojic acid-based formulation could be a safe alternative to steroid and hydroquinone-based formulations. Overall, 67% of dermatologists agreed that the kojic acid-based formulations with additional moisturizers helped in faster resolution of epidermal hyperpigmentation compared to other depigmenting formulations.
Conclusions: The survey findings indicate that the novel kojic acid-based formulation with additional moisturizers could be a preferred choice for epidermal hyperpigmentation management.


The local approximations to exchange–correlation functionals that are widely used in Kohn–Sham density functional theory usually underestimate band gaps and molecular excitation energies, and therefore, it becomes necessary to use more expensive hybrid functionals or more empirical DFT+U functionals for accurate predictions and modeling of these properties. This work presents a meta-generalized gradient approximation (meta-GGA) called High Local Exchange 2017 (HLE17) and illustrates how it can be useful for obtaining accurate semiconductor band gaps and molecular excitation energies. Unlike the conventional way of using the DFT+U method, one does not need to determine new parameters for every property or system studied. The HLE17 functional builds upon our earlier work (HLE16) where we had shown that by increasing the coefficient of local exchange and simultaneously decreasing the coefficient of local correlation with a GGA, the band gaps and excitation energies could be significantly improved without sig...


Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle technology (PHEV) take a greater share in personal automobile market and their penetration levels may bring potential challenges to electric utility and reduce the dependence on fossil fuels. However, the growth of PHEV will bring new challenges and opportunities for power system infrastructures. In this paper a stochastic unit commitment model is developed to coordinate the thermal generating unit with large scale wind power and PHEV charging loads. The stochastic model is used to simulate the power system scheduling with different charging patterns for PHEVs and it also provide ancillary services. The results shows that the coordination of wind-thermal and PHEV loads reduce the operating cost of power system and compensates the fluctuations in the wind power.


The combined increases in portable computing power and storage with the availability of new software has enabled the development of a truly portable Geographic Information System (GIS) that has widespread application to coastal zone management, including pollution control and resource protection. This GIS utilizes Geo/SQL software which provides a link between AutoCad as the picture window and mapping tool and either R:base or Oracle as the database. AutoCad provides full mapping capabilities with complete scaling with double precision accuracy, color-rendition, and plotting. The integration of the mapping software with an SQL database enables queries to be plotted as on-demand thematic maps. Our system was tested and enhanced during application of two major projects: (1) the mapping of over 23,582 km of coastline in Alaska in terms of shoreline, oceanographic, and climatic characteristics, and (2) application to the Exxon Valdez oil spill for information tracking and map production by the State of Alaska.


Electrocatalytic nitrate reduction into ammonia is promising for its restricted activity and selectivity in wastewater treatment, however, it remains challenging. In this work, Co3O4 nanosheet electrodes with rich oxygen vacancies (OVs) (Co3O4−x/NF) are prepared and then applied as efficient catalysts for selective electrocatalytic reduction of nitrate to ammonia. The resulting Co3O4−x/NF electrodes exhibit high NO3−-N removal efficiency and NH4+-N selectivity, at 93.7% and 85.4%, respectively. X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and electron paramagnetic resonance spectra (EPR) results clearly reveal the formation of OVs in Co3O4−x/NF. The electrochemical characterization results confirm that OVs can effectively improve electron transfer as well as the electrochemically active area. The Co2+/Co3+ ratio of Co3O4−x/NF increases after the electrocatalytic reduction of nitrate, highlighting the crucial role played by Co2+ in mediating ammonia production via the Co2+/Co3+ cycle. These findings offer valuable guidelines for the development of more efficient and sustainable approaches for nitrate-contaminated wastewater treatment and ammonia synthesis.


When machining workpieces in the rolling process, the shape of the workpiece (8), acts if it is not exactly rotationally symmetric, adversely affect the quality of the workpiece to be machined (8). A vibration damper is connected to the workpiece (8) and counteracts the vibrations which result from the machining of the workpiece (8) with a tool against. The natural frequency of the vibration absorber is designed so that the frequency at which the vibration absorber is excited, is larger than the natural frequency of the vibration absorber. Thus, the quality of the workpiece can be improved without extending the processing time.


THE pace of political and social change in South Africa has quickened dramatically since my previous review1 of medicine and health care, and there has been a resurgence of hope that at last real progress may be made toward a legitimate society capable of contributing to peace, stability, economic growth, and health in Southern Africa. Despite the instability and violence that have followed the dramatic changes initiated by President F.W. de Klerk in February 1990 and the many ambiguities associated with subsequent negotiations, optimism runs high for the future of the Southern African subcontinent. Profiles of Disease and Health Previously . . .


Aim . As part of a pilot study, to investigate the potential significance of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) in assessing the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in general population aged 35-64 years of one of the regions from the ESSE-RF study. Material and methods . The study is based on the ESSE-RF observational prospective study using a sample from one Russian region. The analysis included socio-demographic variables, risk factors, history of CVD. The cTnI level was measured from November to December 2021 in serum samples stored at -70° C using high sensitivity chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay using Architect Stat High Sensitivity Troponin I (Abbott) reagents on an Architect i2000SR immunoassay analyzer (Abbott, Abbot Park IL USA). The endpoints were hard (cardiovascular death and myocardial infarction) and composite endpoints (cardiovascular death, new cases of myocardial infarction, stroke, coronary artery disease and revascularization). The median follow-up was 5,5 years. In total, the analysis included 1120 people aged 35-64 years. Results . Analysis of the associations between Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) and cTnI showed a significant difference in risk stratification for these two parameters. In women from cTnI-related high-risk category for cardiovascular events (CVE), there were no endpoints at all. In men of moderate and high risk, the proportion of endpoints increases with increasing cTnI-related risk. The survival curves corresponding to first 3 quintiles of cTnI risk distribution did not diverge, and, therefore, the number of CVEs in these groups did not differ. At the same time, the curves corresponding to 4 th and 5 th quintiles significantly differed from the first 3 quintiles, which indicates a higher CVE risk in subjects from these groups (p<0,001). Considering that there were only 3 endpoints in cTnI-related high-risk group, a survival analysis was performed for low-risk versus moderate-high risk. The curves obtained diverge significantly (p=0.006). Cox proportional hazards models were analyzed to assess the relationship between the cTnI level and endpoints. It was shown that cTnI itself or its logarithm is significantly associated with hard and composite endpoints. The cTnI cut-off point of 12/10 pg/ml (males/females) was associated with hard endpoint, and 6/4 pg/ml — with composite one. It should be noted that the recommended cut-off point of 6/4 pg/ml is close to the upper quartile of cTnI distribution in the European population. For the Russian population, the upper quartile corresponds to cTnI level of 3,5/2,1 pg/ml, which indicates the need to reduce the critical cTnI values in Russia. To assess risk reclassification, Cox models were analyzed using the Net Reclassification Index (NRI), as well as NRI survival for survival analysis. For categorical variables, the NRI categorial was used. Both methods of including cTnI in the model significantly improve the risk classification of severe endpoints in men. Conclusion . The results obtained confirm the need to lower the threshold values for predicting combined endpoints, in particular, in Russian men. cTnl has an independent effect on CVE risk and its addition to SCORE improves the prediction of CVEs among men. However, the data obtained are preliminary and require clarification sing larger sample. At the same time, it is obvious that the determination of cТnI level can play a significant role in cardiovascular risk assessment and be an unfavorable prognosis marker among Russian population.


A detailed study of the electric and magnetic properties of ceramic nickel-ferrites, NixFe 3_x_aO~ with X_-> 0.8 and A < 10-2 is presented. The physical interpretation of the results, the x-ray structural analysis and the magnetic aftereffects spectra allow us to define the substitution mechanism Ni~--~Fe and explain the progressive variation of the properties in the samples with increasing concentrations of nickel.


The continuous addition of phosphorus (P) fertilizers above plant requirements increases P loss risks, especially if such fertilization practices continue long-term. The current study aims to determine the threshold value of P in plants and soil, which achieves the maximum mango fruit yield without P loss risk. P fertilizer doses (0–240 g tree−1) were added to 12-year-old mango (Mangifera indica L.) cv Hindy planted in sandy soil for four consecutive years. Soil and plant samples were collected each year to estimate the critical p values by linear–linear, quadratic, and exponential models. The relationships between fruit yield and available soil P were positive and significant in all the mathematical models. Mango fruit yield is expected to reach its maximum value if the sandy calcareous soil contains an available P amount ranging between 10–12 mg kg−1 and increasing the soil available P above this level leads to negligible increases in the fruit yield. Increasing the available soil P above 20.3 mg kg−1 increases P-loss risk. P concentrations in blades and petioles of mango leaves can be arranged as follows: beginning of the flowering stage > the full blooming stage > beginning of the fruiting stage. The analysis of petioles of mango leaves in the beginning of the flowering stage significantly corelated with mango fruit yield and can be used in predicting the response of mango to P fertilization. The findings of the present investigation revealed that the critical P in mango petioles ranged between 2.34 and 3.53 g kg−1. The threshold of available soil P for maximum fruit yield is half of P loss risks. The combined analysis of soil and plants is a powerful diagnostic tool for P management in sandy degraded soil. The findings of the current study are a good tool in achieving the optimum utilization of P fertilizer resources in maximizing mango fruit yield and reducing the risks of environmental pollution that result from excessive fertilization doses.


Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2003; 85 Giant cell arteritis is a chronic inflammatory disorder targeting large and medium sized arteries. It predominantly affects elderly women. In giant cell arteritis, an immune insult in the vascular wall initiates a reaction in the artery that leads to structural changes, intimal hyperplasia and luminal occlusion.1 It most often affects the superficial temporal artery, although territories such as the facial, carotid, myometrial and upper and lower limb arteries may be affected.2 We present a case of atypical giant cell arteritis which affected the subclavian artery. Unfortunately, the patient eventually lost her arm.


In a study of the radiation-induced polymerization of ethylene at -78/sup 0/C and a gamma dose rate of 9 X 10/sup 6/ rad, it was found that relatively high molecular weight polymers were produced with physical properties similar to low-density ethylene. The density, molecular weight distribution, infrared spectra, and dielectric loss were determined. (JSR)


This chapter has two goals: one clarificatory and the other cautionary. The first clarificatory point is to draw attention to the way in which Clark's conditions of trust and glue have figured into some of the arguments epistemologists have given for the implications of the hypothesis of extended cognition (HEC). The second cautionary point is to provide some new reasons for thinking that the conditions of trust and glue do not provide a plausible account of when cognitive processes extend. Also addressed are externalism, the philosophy of mind, and the work of such thinkers as Palermos, Carter, Kallestrup, and Pritchard.


How is the quality accounting profession personnel training pattern solves raises the skill talented person question set of systems.This article develops according to the economic society to accountant talented person's need,to the quality accounting profession personnel training pattern from aspects and so on raise goal,raise system and raise process has carried on the inquisition.


Flood control information system for oilfield has been established based on digital high elevation model DEM of Liaohe oilfield, combining with the land map, oil well data and distribution of waters in Liaohe oilfield. With GIS as technical measure, secondary development has been performed on ArcInfo software platform to study how to prevent disasters like flood, and to reduce and evaluate losses. This will provide guarantee for reducing loss and stabilizing production in Liaohe oilfield.


The exploitation of different kind of clayey waste (halloysitic, smectitic/illitic, kaolinitic) for the production of geopolymers in the view of a circular economy of mines is the main goal of this study. In particular, the addition of low percentages of metakaolin (5-15%) was evaluated to improve the chemical-physical properties and the consolidation degree of geopolymeric formulations produced with clays classified as mine's by-products. In fact, these secondary raw materials are often not sufficient alone to obtain chemically stable formulations with acceptable mechanical properties but require the addition of reactive fillers. All samples contained thermally treated clays (600°C-700°C) and metakaolin as aluminosilicate precursors, alkaline solution of NaOH and Na2SiO3, and were cured at room temperature. The influence on the final products with MK addition was monitored with the evaluation of the chemical stability in water (pH and ionic conductivity measures), the comparison of setting times (Vicat needle) and mechanical performance.


Objective: To development a methodology which optimises financial and assessment in transport organisations and their activities. Methods: Complex methods of financial analysis using economic and mathematical data (methods of sums, method of scoring, etc.). Results: The development of a method, making it possible to analyse certain financial activities in transport organisa- tions/activities. Assessment results based on the financial position (taking into account the strategic target orientation of the activity), were then summarised with the following practical significance. Practical importance: The possibility to use the main results in assessing the financial condition of a transport company and to improve its organisational efficiency. A technique which can be used for critical analysis, diagnostics and subsequent assessment of functioning transport systems


The purpose of this study is to find a unique ophthalmic packaging that takes into account modern requirements for both maintaining the quality and safety of the drug, compliance with therapy, and increasing the profitability and environmental friendliness of its production. Statistics from open international databases on drugs approved for ophthalmic therapy in 2022 are provided. The research criteria were a valid registration status, the type of packaging and the presence of a preservative in the composition of the eye drops. The results of statistical processing of databases of ministries of health of different countries have shown the relevance of monodose ophthalmic packaging, capable of long-term storage of the drug without preservatives. In many countries, particularly in Europe, many drugs in the form of a monodose containers are registered. On this basis, a unique aluminum-based monodose container design is proposed, eliminating the use of large quantities of plastic.


It is well established that people with diabetes are more likely to have serious complications from COVID-19. Nearly 1 in 5 COVID-19 deaths in the African region are linked to diabetes. World Health Organization (WHO) finds that 18.3% of COVID-19 deaths in Africa are among people with diabetes. In this paper, we have formulated and analysed a mathematical comorbidity model of diabetes-COVID-19 of the deterministic type. The basic properties of the model were explored. The basic reproductive number, equilibrium points, and stability of the equilibrium points were examined. Sensitivity analysis of the model was carried on to determine the impact of the model parameters on the basic reproductive number

 R

 0

 of the model. The model had a unique endemic equilibrium point, which was stable for

 R

 0

 >
 1

 . Time-dependent optimal controls were incorporated into the model with the sole aim of determining the best strategy for curtailing the spread of the disease. COVID-19 cases from March to September 2020 in Ghana were used to validate the model. Results of the numerical simulation suggest a greater number of individuals deceased when the infected individual had an underlying condition of diabetes. More so, the disease is endemic in Ghana with the basic reproduction number found to be

 R

 0

 =
 1.4722

 . The numerical simulation of the optimal control model reveals the lockdown control minimized the rate of decay of the susceptible individuals whereas the vaccination led to a number of susceptible individuals becoming immune to COVID-19 infections. In all, the two preventive control measures were both effective in curbing the spread of the disease as the number of COVID-19 infections was greatly reduced. We conclude that more attention should be paid to COVID-19 patients with an underlying condition of diabetes as the probability of death in this population was significantly higher.


To validate the International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification discharge codes used to identify cases of upper gastrointestinal complications (UGICs) in hospitals of Friuli Venezia Giulia, Italy.


Workplace safety is crucial and a fundamental right for all nurses, midwives and assistants in nursing (AINs), whether they work in cities or rural and remote areas.


This paper presents a work that was developed during three years, in a partnership between the company EDP Distribuicao, SA (Grupo EDPEnergias de Portugal SA) and the Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources of the University of Porto (CIBIO/ UP), financially supported by the PPDA Promotion of Environmental Performance Plan approved by the Energy Services Regulatory Authority (ERSE). The objective of this work was the production of a Manual of Good Integration Landscape Practices of the Infrastructure of the Distribution Network. This manual aims to present a set of strategies, guidelines and practices for landscaping integration, in mainland Portugal, of electrical infrastructures, namely: Substations, Lines of High, Medium and Low Voltage, Transformer Stations and Urban Cabinets.


Tired of waiting, Palestinian women are challenging male Palestinian leadership at its roots. Dan Connell reports that these women are committed to achieving democratic practice and participation in decision-making


Summary A study was made of 140 patients who were operated upon under hypothermia for cardiovascular lesions. One hundred twelve had the operations performed without occlusion of the circulatory system. Of eight operative deaths, only three could be directly related to the body cooling. Open cardiac procedures were performed in 28 instances with complete circulatory arrest for periods varying from two to 10 minutes. Of four operative deaths three were associated with hypothermia.


Snapshot compressive imaging (SCI) can record the 3D information by a 2D measurement and from this 2D measurement to reconstruct the original 3D information by reconstruction algorithm. As we can see, the reconstruction algorithm plays a vital role in SCI. Recently, deep learning algorithm show its outstanding ability, outperforming the traditional algorithm. Therefore, to improve deep learning algorithm reconstruction accuracy is an inevitable topic for SCI. Besides, deep learning algorithms are usually limited by scalability, and a well trained model in general can not be applied to new systems if lacking the new training process. To address these problems, we develop the ensemble learning priors to further improve the reconstruction accuracy and propose the scalable learning to empower deep learning the scalability just like the traditional algorithm. What's more, our algorithm has achieved the state-of-the-art results, outperforming existing algorithms. Extensive results on both simulation and real datasets demonstrate the superiority of our proposed algorithm. The code and models will be released to the public.


Transparent and colorless glass rods have been obtained from the A1F3-ZrF4-YF3-CaF2-SrF2-BaF2-NaF (AZYCSBN) and A1F3-BaF2- CaF2-YF3-SrF2 (ABCYS) systems. Chemical durability and certain optical properties of these glasses have been investigated and compared with ZBLAN. The infrared transparency of AZYCSBN is slightly less than ZBLAN but higher than the ABCYS glass system. A1F3 based glasses appear to offer some interesting opportunities for short range IR fiber applications such as sensing, remote spectroscopy and laser power propagation.


In this work we present the band gap engineering, epitaxial growth and optical characterization of CdSe/Cd0.9Mg0.1Se and Cd0.9Mg0.1Se/Cd0.85Mg0.15Se quantum wells with a thickness ranging from 1 to 15 nm. These structures exhibit strong near-band-gap photoluminescence from helium up to room temperature. The emission energy is tuned in the range from 1.74 to 2.1 eV at 7 K, depending on the thickness and well composition. The most intense photoluminescence (both at 7 and 300 K) was observed for 10 nm thick CdSe/Cd0.9Mg0.1Se wells. Such a structure gives also a sharp emission line (FWHM = 20 meV) at low temperature. The presented quantum wells are well suited for being embedded in lattice matched ZnTe based microcavities.


A method for the calculation of the effective damping parameter as a function of particle size and electric conductivity is presented. An extended three-dimensional finite element/boundary element micromagnetic model is used to solve the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation together with the eddy current diffusion equation. From the change of energy with time an effective damping parameter is derived from which the net eddy current contribution is calculated. It is shown that the eddy current effects are reduced with an increasing applied field and are increased for materials with a low resistivity. Furthermore it is shown that the size of the particles, which designates the coherence of the spin structure, is essential for the eddy current net contribution.


We report Pt195 and Si29 NMR studies of an antiferromagnetic heavy fermion superconductor CePt3Si with no inversion symmetry in the crystal structure. The temperature dependence of spin-lattice relaxation rates (1∕T1) for Pt and Si nuclei measured between 2 and 300K might be explained by the contributions from a low-lying crystalline-electric-field level and a quasiparticle due to a hybridization between the ground state and conduction electrons. Just below the superconducting transition temperature (Tc) no remarkable enhancement in 1∕T1 was observed within an experimental error. No significant decrease in Si29 Knight shift was observed for parallel direction to the c axis below Tc. This indicates that spin triplet pairing is probably realized for the superconductivity.


State owned enterprises and fiscal adjustment: an analysis of the contribution of the federal companies to macroeconomic equilibrium - This article expose a historical and empirical analysis of the transformations in the administration of the Brazilian state owned enterprises during the last 20 years. The main insight of the study is to show how the federal companies, considered villains of the fiscal crisis in the 80?s ? because its manipulation by military dictatorship to his foreign indebtedness policy ?, assumed a decisive role in fiscal and macroeconomic equilibrium in the recent period. We estimate that the effective contribution of federal companies to primary surplus has been above 50%, accounting the indirect contributions, like dividends and royalties. Moreover, we calculate that the share of this enterprises in tax revenues of federal, state and municipal governments have grown from 7,7% in 1999 to 14% in 2005-06, representing around 40% of the increase in tax rate. We also found evidences, here, that the investments executed by those companies has contributed to compensate the fiscal and monetary contraction between 2002 e 2004.


This paper seeks to analyze the changes in the ideas of equality and citizenship within the context of the transformations of capitalism that have been taking place since the late eighties and their impact on the reforms of the Colombian educational system.


What do you do to start reading object management architecture guide? Searching the book that you love to read first or find an interesting book that will make you want to read? Everybody has difference with their reason of reading a book. Actuary, reading habit must be from earlier. Many people may be love to read, but not a book. It's not fault. Someone will be bored to open the thick book with small words to read. In more, this is the real condition. So do happen probably with this object management architecture guide.


The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and patterns of failure following potentially curative surgery of colonic cancer.


Content The Department for International Economic and Political Studies (DIEPS) was formed on November 15, 2005 as a affiliated organization of the joint Institute of Economy RAS and is a successor of the Institute of International Economic and Political Studies (IIEPS) RAS. Head of the Department for International Economic and Political Studies of IE RAS is acting Deputy Director of the Institute of Economy RAS for scientific activities, Dr. (Econ.) Svetlana Pavlovna Glinkina. IIEPS RAS (prior to September 25, 1990 – the Institute of Economy of the World Socialist System of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR) was created in accordance with the Resolution of the Praesidium of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR No 684 dated July 22, 1960 as a leading academic centre for studies of political, external economic and foreign political problems of the Socialist countries. For almost 30 years, from 1960 through 1998, the Institute was headed by a distinguished organizer of science, one of the leading economists in the field of comparative analysis of transition economy and policy, as well as of international economy, Academician of the RAS, Dr. (Econ.), professor Oleg Timofeevich Bogomolov. From 1998 through 2001 director of the Institute was vice-president of the RAS, RAS academician, Dr. (Econ.), professor Alexander Dmitrievich Nekipelov. From 2002 through mid-2005 the Institute was headed by Dr. (Econ.), professor, director of the Institute of Economy RAS Ruslan Semyonovich Grinberg. Since November 15, 2005 the Institute of Economy of RAS has been operating as a new academic organization of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The Institute is a member of the Economic Section of the Department of Social Sciences of RAS, which exercises scientific methodological and scientific and organizational management of the unified Institute. As a result of the unification in accordance with the Resolution of the RAS Praesidium No 161 dated June 14, 2005 ("On reorganization of Institute of Economy of RAS and the Institute of international economic and political studies of RAS via merger into a scientific organization of RAS – the Institute of Economy of RAS") on the basis of the IIEPS RAS the Department for International Economic and Political Studies was organized, having a status of a affiliated organization of the Institute of Economy RAS. Over a period of more than 40-years long history of its development DIEPS IE RAS is keeping the continuity of its research directions, high level of analysis studies, maintains high national and international authority as a leading research centre of socio-economic and political problems of the post-Soviet space. The Department of International Economic and Political Studies has entered a new phase of its development having a significant store of research papers in the field of macro- and microeconomic problems of transition from planned to market economy. It has well-established connections and contacts with leading Russian and international state and commercial entities.


Shape Adaptive Grinding (SAG) is a new process capable of producing optical mirror quality surfaces (Ra <0.5nm) on CVD silicon carbide coatings. The methodology and capability of the SAG process are presented in this paper.


This research applies an extended theory of planned behavior (TPB) to empirically investigate consumers' intentions in Pakistan to purchase energy-efficient appliances (EEAs). Most developing countries face energy crises. As a result, many countries consider EEAs to be part of the solution to energy-related problems and teach sustainable consumption behavior to consumers. Previous studies have neglected developing countries in this context, yet developing markets have great potential for EEA adoption. To understand EEA adoption, we incorporated such variables as warm glow benefits, utilitarian environmental benefits, normative beliefs, and moral obligations as antecedents to TPB variables. The moderating effect of eco-literacy between attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control (PBC), and purchase intention toward EEAs are also examined. Data was gathered through a survey questionnaire from 673 Pakistani consumers to empirically test the proposed hypotheses. The results reveal that utilitarian environmental benefits and warm glow benefits significantly influence attitudes toward EEAs. The findings also show a positive effect of normative beliefs on subjective norms. The interaction effect of eco-literacy positively influences the relationship between attitude and purchase intention, with similar results for subjective norms and purchase intention. However, no significant moderating effect of eco-literacy is found between PBC and purchase intention. Furthermore, we performed multi-group analysis to explore significant group differences by utilizing socio-demographic variables such as gender, age, education, and income. The results show significant group differences, with females' purchasing behavior, younger consumers, and educated consumers being more readily influenced. Finally, insights for policymakers, suggestions and future directions are discussed.


It proposes a step-down converter comprising: - a voltage input to a first pole (1 ') - a voltage output having a first pole (2 ') - wherein the voltage input and the voltage output have a common second terminal (3), and wherein - an output capacitor between the poles of the voltage output (C1) is provided, - a series circuit with a pole to the first (1 ') of the voltage input connected the first switch (S1) and an inductance (L1) coupled to a first end to a first pole (2' is connected) of the voltage output, - a first diode (D1), which is a free-wheeling diode of the buck converter, - a controller with a control function by comparing an actual voltage and a reference voltage, an output of a control signal and the pulse width modulation on the basis of the comparison, and an output for the control signal, coupled to a gate of the first switch (S1) is connected, - at least a bootstrap circuit comprising a series circuit including a bootstrap diode (D2, D21) and a bootstrap capacitor (C4, C41), which is connected with a first end to the second end of the inductor (L1), and compound comprises at an output of the bootstrap diode (D2, D21), a second end of the bootstrap capacitor (C4, C41) and an input of the controller, - a connection between an input of the bootstrap diode (D2, D21) and the first pole (2 ') of the voltage output, - a between the second end of the bootstrap capacitor (C4, C41) and the second end of the inductor (L1) connected adjustment means (X) for adjusting a supply voltage or the actual voltage for the input of the controller on the basis of on the bootstrap capacitor (C4, C41) the stored voltage.


Coreless electric motors are gaining interest from the community as they have a larger power-to-weight ratio and a larger efficiency. The absence of iron slots leaves the winding space unobstructed. This enables the geometry of the coils to be skewed to overlap with their neighbors. Such arrangement provides better motor constant. This work proposes to establish some groundwork for the topology optimization of overlapping winding in multi-phase coreless motors. A 2.5D formulation of the density-based approach is proposed to enable the designed coils to span over two layers and spatially overlap with their neighbors, while keeping a limited computational cost. A novel interpolation scheme is also proposed to account for multi-phase winding while only designing one phase.


Iritis has been studied etiologically from many standpoints, but with the exception of tuberculous and syphilitic iritis, the bacteriologic phase has been rather difficult to approach. When one considers that approximately 40 per cent of all iritis is probably produced by tuberculosis and syphilis, and 60 per cent by a rather heterogeneous group of causes, it becomes obvious that an attempt to classify this large group on a causative basis would be most worth while. Rosenow 1 based some of his ideas of the selectivity of organisms on the intravenous injection of a strain of streptococcus which caused iritis in several instances. Again he produced eye lesions (retinal hemorrhages and infiltration in the ciliary body and the iris) in the nineteenth rabbit after repeated passages of a streptococcus in the eighteen which preceded. Brown, Irons and Nadler 2 produced an iritis from the streptococcus recovered from


Objective To observe the effect of Kangfuxin solution on wound healing of inhalation injury in respiratory tract. Methods Patients who met the inclusion criteria were randomly assigned into the treatment group and the control group, each with 32 cases. Patients in the control group were treated with ultrasonic atomizing inhala- tion of routine atomized liquid (10 ml saline+gentamycin 80000 unit+dexamethasone 2 mg+α- chymotrypsin 4 000 units), while those in the treatment group received 10 ml Kangfuxin solution based on the treatment of the control group. The treatment began after admission, until the healing of airway mucosal. Airway mucosa and airway secre- tions were detected by fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Results Compared with the control group, the airway mucosal in the treatment group was repaired significantly earlier (P0.01), and the incidence of airway stenosis was significantly low- er (P0.05). Conclusion Kangfuxin solution can contribute to the repair of airway mucosa of inhalation injury, re- duce the healing time of airway mucosal, and lower the incidence of airway stenosis.


Sialadenitis or sialodenitis refers to inflammation of a salivary gland within either the gland or main duct. Sialadenitis is frequently involved with the submandibular gland. For many years, management of submandibular sialadenitis involved either minimal invasive surgery or more aggressive surgical intervention. The aim of this study is to report on the conservative management of chronic sialadenitis at causa sialolithiasis. A 55-year-old male patient, suffering from eatingrelated pain and swelling in his left submandibular region, was diagnosed with left submandibular gland sialadenitis and radiologically manifested sialolithiasis. The patient had a history of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus; and three times stones had spontaneously discharged into his mouth during mealtimes. The size of the stones were about 3.0x3.0mm; 5.0x4.0x2.0mm; and 10.0x7.0x3.0mm. Clinical examination showed a large painless and palpable swelling sized 10.0x6.0x0.3mm and weighing 0.4g, firm and non tender mass corresponding to the anatomic location of the submandibular salivary gland. Radiographic examination and chemical analyses of the sialoliths were also carried out. Conservative management included suggesting frequent intake of warm mineral water and sour drinks, routine light massaging around the swollen area of the submandibular gland, and analgesic and antibiotic prophylactics to control pain and swelling. Conservative management recommended for chronic sialadenitis causing sialolithiasis in the left submandibular gland for patient with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. Case report (J Int Dent Med Res 2017; 10(Special Issue): pp. 820-824)


formyl morpholine, 1-formyl piperidine and 1-formyl piperazine when irradiated by UV light and p-toludine gave schiff's bases (4-6). The structures of the products have been confirmed by spectral and elemental analyses.


Curricular policy has traditionally been a source of controversy, certainly in Latin America. Among scholars the politically contested contents of the school curriculum have been the object of sustained analysis and discussion. This article examines a relatively new phenomenon related to the politization of the curriculum—namely, the political use of curriculum by public actors. The incident analyzed recently took place in Argentina following proposed changes in the subject Politics and Citizenship in the upper secondary cycle in the province of Buenos Aires. After a draft document containing suggested curricular modifications was released, public actors who were opposed to the government initiated a spurious public debate aimed at distorting the spirit of the document, and questioning the inclusion of various concepts and social phenomena. This paper examines the main features of the political debate as well as its policy consequences, in light of Argentina's recent curricular history.


Community forests of developing countries are eligible to participate in the Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) scheme. For this, estimation of carbon stock and the sequestration is essential. The carbon stock in the living biomass of nine community managed Shorea robusta forests of the mid hill regions of central Nepal (managed for 4–29 yr) were estimated. The carbon stock of trees and shrubs was estimated using an allometric equation while the biomass of herbaceous vegetation was estimated by the harvest method. The carbon stock in the living biomass of the studied forests ranged from 70–183 Mg ha−1(mean: 120 Mg ha−1) and it increased with increasing soil organic carbon. However, the carbon stock did not vary significantly with species richness and litter cover. The biomass and carbon stock in the forests managed for >20 yr were significantly higher than in the forests managed for < 20 yr. The carbon stock increased with the management duration (p < .05) with sequestration rate of 2.6 Mg C ha−1 yr−1. The local management has had positive effects on the carbon stock of the forests and thus the community forests have been acting as a sink of the atmospheric CO2. Therefore, the community managed forests of Nepal are eligible to participate in the REDD+ scheme.


Background: Data from randomized-controlled trials regarding the efficacy of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) but no evidence of heart failure are inconclusive. Current ACC/AHA guidelines support their use in this population. The variation in efficacy of ACEi and ARBs in improving cardiovascular (CV) outcomes may be related to the rising use of statin therapy in the past two decades. Methods: We conducted literature review of randomized-controlled trials with ACEi or ARBs as the single intervention, focusing on studies involving patients with CAD including patients with left ventricular dysfunction but no clinical symptoms of heart failure. The MEDLINE database was searched for publications between 1/1/1980 and 12/31/2012 with searched terms including angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, coronary artery disease, cardiovascular events, and myocardial infarction. Of the ...


With reference to the literature study,statistics and logical analysis,the paper analyses the top and the average achievements of the top eight athletes of the track and field at the 9th and 10th National Games in China and the geographical distribution features of the advantageous sports events in China.It was found out that the general level of track and field in China had been enhanced;there were prominent achievements in the preponderant sports items and enhancement in the weak sports events and some potentially preponderant sports events asked for further enhancement;there was much space for the development of track and field in China.


Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is one of the most frequent autoimmune disorders. In adults the clinical picture of the disease is insidious with frequent relapses and refractoriness to the current treatments, evolving in many cases to a chronic ITP. The main pathogenetic finding in this disease is the presence of antiplatelet autoantibodies, causing both platelet destruction and a suboptimal platelet production in bone marrow. The high incidence of patients non-responders to first line treatments, led to the development of new drugs for this disease. Recently, second generation thrombopoitein molecules, like AMG 531 (romiplostim), have been developed and have demonstrated to be both effective and safe, without generating antibodies against human endogenous thrombopoitein.


The existence of Balinese performance art can be observed through a long journey based on such of clues like artifact and ancient inscription which are found and described the categories of our inheritance performance art at the present are existed since the age of Ancient Balinese. Through the awareness of history, the age of Ancient Balinese is made of by the relationships between Balinese and East Javanese kings. In another ways can be comprised that the Balinese performance art is included in ancient Balinese performance art which is known as the product of Javanese culture and Balinese tradition's acculturation. The East Javanese culture's inheritance has cultivated by the fallen of Balinese's Kingdom under Majapahit since the governance of King Asta Sura, Ratna Bumi Banten which caused the dominant influence of Majapahit's culture to the development of Balinese culture until now. Seen that the Balinese performance art has a meaning to regenerate and socialize the Balinese culture and can also assumed that traditional performance art is become the identity of Balinese culture. The changes of age and the existence of culture system will influence the form and structure of performance art so that in reconstructing of traditional performance art as a history moment is always limited by space, proceed with time and reconstruct to the artist's style. The changes of form and art structure can be possessed as a history process while its meaning and characteristics are always powered and prevented the genuine of Balinese culture art.


The results of pulmonary function studies of 368 soft-coal miners from the southern Appalachian coal fields showed no correlation between roentgenographic categories of pneumoconiosis and the results of ventilatory function tests. Impaired oxygen transfer was somewhat greater in subjects with advanced pneumoconiosis (progressive massive fibrosis), although equally severe impairment was found among many miners with simple pneumoconiosis or less definite roentgenographic ab normalities. Although cigarette smoking might contribute to both ventilatory insufficiency and impairment of oxygen transfer among soft-coal miners, severe pulmonary insufficiency is not unusual among nonsmoking miners. Disabling respiratory insufficiency occurred in the absence of roentgenographic evidence of progressive massive fibrosis and in the absence of significant ventilatory insufficiency. Impairment of oxygen transfer was commonly associated with disabling symptoms regardless of roentgenograph ic findings or ventilatory function.


Abstract Three Anthoxanthum species are found in Poland: the native A. odoratum L. s. str. and A. alpinum Á. Löve & D. Löve, and the alien A. aristatum Boiss. Major problems within this genus concern: (1) population variation of the native A. odoratum, representing various phases of ecological expansion to anthropogenic habitats; (2) population variation of A. odoratum and A. alpinum along the altitudinal transect; and (3) variation between populations of A. aristatum colonizing new areas and habitats outside its natural range of distribution (chorological expansion). In this study, morphological and anatomical variation of the three Polish Anthoxanthum species was analysed in detail. The variation of A. odoratum and A. aristatum was analysed in respect of environmental differences: habitat types and soil parameters. In the Babia Góra massif, variability distribution along the altitudinal transect was analysed for two vicariants: A. odoratum and A. alpinum. A odoratum in this massif does not cross the upper forest limit (i.e. forest line), and lower montane populations are morphologically very similar to lowland populations. Morphological and anatomical differences were detected between populations of A. alpinum along the altitudinal transect in the Babia Góra massif, with distinct upper montane populations. Moreover, clear morphological differences were found between the two altitudinal vicariants. Lowland populations of A. odoratum are characterized by great morphological variation, only weakly correlated with the type of occupied habitat and the phase of ecological expansion. The detected morphological variation reflects only to a limited extent the environmental variation of occupied habitats, and is not significantly correlated with the phase of chorological expansion. Some soil parameters are significantly correlated with some morphological characters studied in all the Anthoxanthum species. The analysed anatomical features of stems and leaves show continuous variation in the three species.


The research and recent progresses of lead-free piezoelectric ceramics were reviewed in this paper,which introduced emphatically different system types of perovskite structure lead-free piezoelectric ceramics(including barium titanate BaTiO3(BT),sodium bismuth titanate Bi1/2Na1/2TiO3(BNT),potassium sodium niobate K1/2Na1/2NbO3(KNN)base piezoelectric ceramics),tungsten bronze structure lead-free piezoelectric ceramics and bismuth layer structure lead-free piezoelectric ceramics.Method of preparation and piezoelectric ferroelectric properties were also summarized.The device applications of lead-free piezoelectric ceramics were analyzed on the basis of analyzing their related parameters.Finally,development prospect of lead-free piezoelectric ceramics was discussed.


The study investigated quality assurance of Vocational Education trade subjects in public secondary schools in Amuwo-Odofin Local Government Area. Variables of quality assurance examined were the availability of physical facilities for teaching of vocational education trade subjects, the quality of these physical facilities as well as the as their adequacy. In addition, the quality of teaching personnel for vocational subjects as well as constraints to effective teaching of vocational education trade subjects in these public secondary schools in Amuwo-Odofin Local Government Area were also examined. Five research questions were raised for the study. The study adopted descriptive research survey. The sample of the study comprised of 147 respondents comprising of secondary school teachers in Amuwo-Odofin Local Government Area. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from the subjects. The reliability coefficient of the instrument was 0.80 and the data collected were analyzed using frequency counts and percentages while histogram was used for illustration. The result of the study indicated that physical facilities were grossly inadequate and not readily available with low quality. The study also revealed that inadequate funding and shortage of subject specialists were major constraints to effective teaching of vocational subjects. Based on the findings of the study, recommendations were made.


I I take as my prolegomenon Robert Frost's dictum that "poetry is what gets lost in translation." If we extend that paradox to the Bible, it may be said that even more perilous to the poetry of Scripture is what is lost when translation is itself translated. That is to say, in order to make classic biblical translations like the King James or Douay-Rheims ring true to modern ears, some translators have abandoned certain crucial images in the biblical text that had been rendered more accurately there. Take St. Paul's memorable images of disrobing the Old Man and robing the New in Ephesians 4:22-24, for example, which shall serve as the organizing biblical metaphor for this essay. (1) The King James version reads: That ye put off concerning the former conversation the old man which is corrupt according to the deceitful lusts; And be renewed in the spirit of your mind; And that you put on the new man, which after God is created in righteousness and true holiness. Douay-Rheims, slightly older than the King James and itself the English Catholic translation of Jerome's Latin Vulgate, is in remarkable concordance with its Protestant rival: To put off, according to former conversation, the old man, who is corrupted according to the desire of error. And be renewed in the spirit of your mind: And put on the new man, who according to God is created in justice and holiness of truth. (2) A brief survey of late twentieth-century translations yields a livelier, more idiomatic rendering of Ephesians 4:22-24 but often at the cost of neutering the crucial images. (3) The most idiomatic translation is probably to be found in The New English Bible: Leaving your former way of life, you must lay aside that old human nature which, deluded by its lusts, is sinking towards death. You must be made new in mind and spirit, and put on the new nature of God's creating, which shows itself in the just and devout life called for by the truth. The Good News New Testament is also aggressively idiomatic: So get rid of your old self, which made you live as you used to--the old self that was being destroyed by its deceitful desires. Your hearts and minds must be made completely new, and you must put on the new self, which is created in God's likeness and reveals itself in the true life that is upright and holy. Idiomatic they are, but almost bereft of any connection between the two images of divesting/vesting and Old Man/New Man. Even the more august translators of The Jerusalem Bible persist in excising most of the Pauline metaphor: You must put aside your old sell which gets corrupted by following illusory desires. Your mind must be renewed by a spiritual revolution so that you can put on the new self that has been created in God's way, in the goodness and holiness of the truth. Only slightly truer to the original metaphor is The New Oxford Annotated Bible, which at least retains the infinitive "to clothe": You were taught to put away your former way of life, your old self, corrupt and deluded by its lusts, and to be renewed in the spirit of your minds, and to clothe yourselves with the new self. What is missing in these translations--the metaphor of putting off the Old Man and putting on the New--is clearly present in the original Greek, (4) which most modern attempts at idiomatic upgrade ("lay aside," "get rid of," "put aside" "put away") noticeably fail to capture. And such substitutes for "Old Man" as "old human nature," "old self" and "old being," which three of the aforementioned translations share, fail to render the striking image of the Old Man's being disrobed in order to be reclothed a New Man. (5) In its translation of a cognate Pauline passage in Colossians 3:9-12, Douay-Rheims has made the disrobing even more explicit while retaining the image of the Old Man: Lie not one to another: stripping yourselves of the old man with his deeds, And putting on the new, him who is renewed unto knowledge, according to the image of him that created him. …


Early documentation is important in the process of sorting disaster victims. To provide a basis for this documentation, a four category card has been designed that can be rapidly used with little previous training. Once folded, the card displays the category of urgency on one side and basic medical details on the reverse. Later changes of category can easily be effected by refolding the card.


Stress has become an ingredient of the modern life. This study aimed to examine a model composed of direct and indirect effects with regard to the mediating role of self-assessment latent variable which includes self-efficacy and self-esteem components of physical perceptions construct including physical attractiveness and physical self-worth on perceived stress in athlete employees. This study was conducted using structural equation modeling. The statistical population included all the athlete employees at Tehran Province Gas Company. Among the population, a sample of 187 individuals was selected using simple random sampling method. The reliable and valid instruments were employed. The findings indicated that the direct path in the proposed model should be eliminated and after removing this path, the model's fitness parameters were optimized. According to the data of this research, it can be concluded that exercise effects perceived stress positively in employees primarily due to the improvement of physical perceptions and consequent effect of physical perceptions on perceived stress through increasing the self-assessment construct and its components.


There has been considerable interest, and consequent progress, in the modeling of household vehicle fleet composition and utilization in the travel behavior research domain. The multiple discrete-continuous extreme value (MDCEV) model is a modeling approach that has been applied frequently to characterize this choice behavior. One key drawback of the MDCEV modeling methodology is that it does not provide an estimate of the count of vehicles in each vehicle type alternative represented in the MDCEV model. Moreover, the classic limitations of the multinomial logit model, such as violations of the independence of irrelevant alternatives property in the presence of correlated alternatives and the inability to account for random taste variations, apply to the MDCEV model as well. A new methodological approach, developed to overcome these limitations, is applied in this paper to model vehicle fleet composition and count in each body type. The modeling methodology involves tying together a multiple discrete-continuous probit (MDCP) model and a multivariate count (MC) model capable of estimating vehicle counts in vehicle type categories considered by the MDCP model. The joint MDCP-MC model system was estimated by using a Greater Phoenix, Arizona, travel survey data set. The joint model system was found to offer behaviorally intuitive results and to provide superior goodness of fit in comparison with an independent model system that ignores the jointness between the MDCP component and the MC component.


Numerical calculations of magnetization reversal loops of nanogranular films having perpendicular anisotropy in an inclined magnetic field at finite temperature, for film "quality parameters" both less than, and greater than, one. The calculations are performed with consideration of the film's demagnetizing field in the two-level approximation for the energy of the granule. It is found that the hysteresis of the transition fields between states with uniformly directed and non-uniformly directed magnetic moments for all granules narrows with increasing temperature and field deviation angle from the normal to the film. As the field deviation increases this hysteresis vanishes, and there is a transition from the uniformly magnetized state of the granules to the equilibrium non-homogeneous state without hysteresis. In the case of large field deflection angles, at finite temperature the magnetization consists of three regions. At the center of the magnetization curve there is a hysteresis region in which the m...


Fatigue is a common problem among people after stroke that may hamper full participation in a rehabilitation program. A high incidence of fatigue has been reported in people with post stroke. The combination of stroke, fatigue, and sedentary lifestyle can create a morbid downward-spiral in terms of quality of life and functions. Therefore, it is essential to better understand the nature of fatigue. As Fatigue is a common problem among people after stroke with higher incidence involving various lesion of location, the study was aimed to see the difference in fatigue among stroke individuals with lesions in different hemispheres and locations. A Cross sectional study was done consisting of 30 subjects (45-70yrs). All the subjects were given a fatigue questionnaire (FAS) sheet to fill up. Subjects in the group were asked to perform Six-Minute-Walk Test (6MWT) used to induce fatigue prior to assessing the level of fatigue. Then the distance covered during 6minute was measured and fatigue level was measured by using fatigue index (VAFS). The result showed that there was no statistical significant difference in fatigue between right & left hemisphere, ischemic & hemorrhagic stroke and different locations involved (thalamus, putamen, cortex, corona radiata & internal capsule). So the study concluded that there was no significant difference in fatigue among stroke individuals with lesions in different hemispheres and locations.


The Archimedes screw turbine (AST) is the most sustainable mini-hydropower extraction method that offers number of economic, social, and environmental advantages. Nowadays, many researchers are interested in AST development as it is considered a new technology. Currently, a lot of researchers are conducting experimental testing of the screws, comparing their reliability with computational fluid dynamic (CFD) analyses. Almost all of them are lab-scale testing models that claiming an average 80% efficiency for low pitch angles. In the case of a real site with a small inclination angle, the length of the screw is large enough to cause severe problems, specially related to bending of the screw. Therefore, this research was conducted to analyze the CFD flow field in a real site-scale AST with the maximum possible inclination of 45 degrees. In addition, the design was done without the upper and lower reservoir as it was conceived as a run-of-river flow system. The simulated real scale AST result showed a maximum efficiency of around 82% for a 5.2 m hydraulic head and 0.232 m3/s discharge. Many researchers claim above 80% efficiency for low inclination angle ASTs with reservoirs. This CFD study indicates that even higher inclination angle ASTs can achieve 80% efficiency in run-of-river; real-scale applications.


Introduction to PCA Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics of Opioids for PCA Equipment and Record keeping Patient Selection and Education Nursing Care and Monitoring Complications Trauma Chronic Pain Practical administration of PCA Administrative and Economic Issues


Using the hawthorn as majority material,the critical technique and the optimal sweetener formula of the beverage were studied.The results indicated that the optimal technique of distilling of hawthorn beverage was hawthorn ∶water=1 ∶6,heated under 8590℃for 30min and infused for 3 hours ; the optimal sweetener formula compound of the beverage was determined as follows: xylitol 5 %,aspartame 0.6‰,sodium cyclamate 0%,acesulfame potassium 0.12‰.The product was tasteful and nutritious,but the percent of total sugar is only 2%,it has no effect on the blood sugar of the diabetic.


This work examines the regulatory signaling for leaf differentiation by identifying the target genes of TEOSINTE BRANCHED1, CYCLOIDEA, and PCF (TCP) transcription factors in Arabidopsis. It identifies genetically redundant and differentially regulated pathways for balancing the differentiated and undifferentiated fates in leaf development. Coordination of the maintenance of the undifferentiated fate of cells in the shoot meristem and the promotion of cellular differentiation in plant organs is essential for the development of plant shoots. CINCINNATA-like (CIN-like) TEOSINTE BRANCHED1, CYCLOIDEA, and PCF (TCP) transcription factors are involved in this coordination via the negative regulation of CUP-SHAPED COTYLEDON (CUC) genes, which regulate the formation of shoot meristems and the specification of organ boundaries. However, the molecular mechanism of the action of CIN-like TCPs is poorly understood. We show here that TCP3, a model of CIN-like TCPs of Arabidopsis thaliana, directly activates the expression of genes for miR164, ASYMMETRIC LEAVES1 (AS1), INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID3/SHORT HYPOCOTYL2 (IAA3/SHY2), and SMALL AUXIN UP RNA (SAUR) proteins. Gain of function of these genes suppressed the formation of shoot meristems and resulted in the fusion of cotyledons, whereas their loss of function induced ectopic expression of CUC genes in leaves. Our results indicate that miR164, AS1, IAA3/SHY2, and SAUR partially but cooperatively suppress the expression of CUC genes. Since CIN-like TCP genes were revealed to act dose dependently in the differentiation of leaves, we propose that evolutionarily diverse CIN-like TCPs have important roles in the signaling pathways that generate different leaf forms, without having any lethal effects on shoots.


Problems of application of accumulator-fed electric drive for traction purposes, in particular as a supplementary source of electric power, with electrically driven railroad rolling stock using combined power supply, are considered. The experience of application of contact and accumulator-driven electric trains and shunting electric locomotives on the Baltic Railroads in the USSR is analyzed. Data are presented on the introduction of new types of accumulators and impulse control at the contact and accumulator-driven electric railroad rolling stock.


Since 1979 the ELETRONORTE-Centrais Eletricas do Norte do Brasil S/A through the Seismological Observatory of the University of Brasilia started a large seismic program to monitor its main reservoirs located in the Amazon
region. By the end of 1979 the first seismic station was deployed at Balbina area almost eight years before the
impoundment of the lake. During this period a routine monitoring using a single station showed a very low level of
seismicity surrounding the Balbina reservoir area. A local seismicity at Balbina Lake following its impoundment
suggested a reservoir-induced seismicity (RIS) origin for these tremors. The epicentral region is located outside the
lake area, almost 17 km western of the dam. Four shocks with magnitude between 3.0 to 3.4 were detected during the main activity period that was observed in 1990.


In conclusion, we have modified the overmodulation limits for a optical telecommunication predistorted Mach Zehnder interferometer (MZI), both by measuring a CTB which exceeds previously given limits and by theoretically establishing new approximate limits.


MENTOR was funded as the Management Science/Operational Research project within the Teaching and Learning Technology Programme (TLTP). This paper describes the original aims of MENTOR and how they have been achieved through the design and development of the MENTOR multimedia system. A description of the system is givens outlining the issues and theory which underpin the design of the software and detailing the developmental framework adopted by MENTOR. Various integration possibilities are explored, with practical suggestions for successful integration. Examples from individual modules and case studies are used to illustrate the various features of the system and its possible usage.


Applying the elastic scattering Green's function theory in combination with the frontier molecular orbital theory for describing the surface-molecule coupling and hybrid density-function theory for geometrical and electronic structure calculations, we successfully reproduce the current–voltage properties of the 4,4-biphenyldithiol molecular junction, which has been measured using a lock-in technique by Lee et al.1 We also analyze the conductance characteristics of different dimensional electrodes in contact with the molecular device, and we think that the one-dimensional formula is consistent with the experiment, and that the interaction between neighboring molecules will decrease the molecular orbital energies and draw the conductance peak positions closer to experimental results.


Abstract In Part I of this diptych, we outline the parallel mode of differential phase contrast (TEM-DPC), which uses real-space distortion of Fresnel images arising from electrostatic or magnetostatic fields to quantify the phase gradient of samples with some degree of structural contrast. We present an analysis methodology and the associated software tools for the TEM-DPC method and, using them together with numerical simulations, compare the technique to the widely used method of phase recovery based on the transport-of-intensity equation (TIE), thereby highlighting the relative advantages and limitations of each. The TEM-DPC technique is particularly suitable for in situ studies of samples with significant structural contrast and, as such, complements the TIE method since structural contrast usually hinders the latter, but is an essential feature that enables the former. In Part II of this work, we apply the theory and methodology presented to the analysis of experimental data to gain insight into two-dimensional magnetic phase transitions.


As to the teaching of population forecast models in the textbook Land Use Planning,a teaching-case design was conducted,based on data of population in Anhui province,using a linear regression,multiple linear regression and grey system GM(1,1)model.The result indicates that coducting cases in teaching can improve students' practical ability and the teaching effect.


The television series Holocaust: The Story of the Family Weiss (1978) had an enormous impact in USA and Western Europe. As a result of the broadcasting, a growing interest for the Holocaust became visible and caused a number of debates. In this article, I discuss the debates in USA, West Germany, Denmark and Sweden.


In the wave of computers and the Internet, people's production and lifestyle have been significantly changed, and many traditional offline economic activities have been gradually replaced by convenient online technologies. However, due to the particularity and complexity of the Internet structure, a variety of network security problems emerge in endlessly, among which the leakage of network password is the most serious. The security of network password is related to people's information security and property security, so it is particularly urgent to explore efficient and reliable measures to protect network password. Therefore, this paper analyses the current network password security problems, and explores the feasible measures of network password data encryption and protection, which provides a new thinking direction for the research of network password security.


Integrin is an important adhesion molecule that mediates cell-cell and cell-extracellar matrix adhesion and participates in the adhesion and migration of lens epithelial cells. This review summarizes the expression and function of integrin in lens epithelial cells and,from these studies,we have a better understanding of the development of the lens,the formation of cataracts and posterior capsule opacification.


We present the results of numerical analysis of normal zone propagation in a stack of YBa2Cu3O7 − x coated conductors which imitates a pancake coil. Our main purpose is to determine whether the quench protection quality of such coils can be substantially improved by increased contact resistance between the superconducting film and the stabilizer. We show that with increased contact resistance the speed of normal zone propagation increases, the detection of a normal zone inside the coil becomes possible earlier, when the peak temperature inside the normal zone is lower, and stability margins shrink. Thus, increasing contact resistance may become a viable option for improving the prospects of coated conductors for high Tc magnet applications.


Job satisfaction is a feeling that demonstrated the employee to work in an organization. If the non-fulfillment of the factors that may affect employee job satisfaction, hence causing job dissatisfaction, so it can be received various complaints from employees. The emergence of job dissatisfaction at Inspectorate Office Badung Regency because to lack of employment intentions, the lack of morale, come to work late and even to leave work early. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of leadership style and organizational climate on employee job satisfaction. This research was conducted at Inspectorate Office Badung Regency. Total population in this study as many as 75 people and the number of respondents taken as many as 71 people. Data collection methods used in this research was conducted through interviews and questionnaires. The analysis technique used in this research is multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that the leadership style and organizational climate positive and significant impact on job satisfaction.


Severe chronic pain that interferes with daily activities is associated with an increased risk of mortality. We assessed the overall mortality of tertiary chronic pain patients in comparison with the general population, with a special aim to analyse the association of health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) and its dimensions with the risk of death.


The protein C pathway was first recognized for its role in regulating thrombin activity and generation, but it is increasingly understood to have diverse regulatory functions in the vascular system. The identification of thrombomodulin, the major endothelial cofactor for protein C activation, by Esmon and Owen [1] was a landmark discovery that established the endothelium as a key regulator of hemostatic balance and led to many insights into the physiological regulation of serine protease activity and substrate specificity (for reviews, see Refs [2,3]). Thrombomodulin tightly binds thrombin and inhibits its capacity to generate fibrin and activate other coagulation factors while markedly enhancing (by>1000-fold) its ability to activate the anticoagulant factor, protein C. Activated protein C (APC) is a physiologically significant anticoagulant protease that inactivates factors Va and VIIIa. The clinical importance of the thrombomodulin protein C pathway is best illustrated by the severe neonatal thrombotic disorder caused by homozygous protein C deficiency and the increased susceptibility to venous thromboembolism conferred by the factor V Leiden genemutation, which renders factor Va resistant toAPC.More recently, APC has been found to have potent anti-inflammatory properties, a discovery that has led to the clinical use of recombinant APC in patients with sepsis [4]. A second cofactor for protein C activation, the endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR), was identified by the Esmon group in 1994 [5]. Like thrombomodulin, EPCR is a type 1 transmembrane protein that is expressed on the luminal surface of endothelium. EPCR augments the thrombin/thrombomodulin-dependent activation of protein C by fiveto 20-fold [6]. A key early observation was that the endothelial expression of EPCR is more limited than that of thrombomodulin, with EPCR expressed preferentially on the surface of large, rather than small blood vessels [7]. The disparate expression pattern of these two cofactormolecules suggests that EPCRmay augment protein C activation mainly in large arteries and veins, where the ratio of endothelial surface area to blood volume (and thus the effective thrombomodulin concentration) may be several thousand-fold lower than in microvessels [7]. The physiological importance of EPCR was initially thought to be limited to its role as a secondary cofactor for APC generation, but emerging evidence suggests that EPCR alsomay be a key regulator of the anti-inflammatory activities of APC. In this issue of the journal, Li et al. describe a new murine model that confirms the importance of EPCR in protein C activation and in protection from the systemic effects of endotoxin [8]. Li et al. generated transgenic mice that overexpress EPCR under the control of an endothelium-specific (Tie2) promoter. Compared with control mice, the Tie2-EPCR transgenic mice expressed massive amounts of EPCR in all tissues examined, ranging from ninefold higher levels in kidney to 150-fold higher levels in lung. Unlike endogenous EPCR, the Tie2-EPCR transgene was abundantly expressed in the endothelium of both large and small vessels. Interestingly, circulating levels of protein C were 50% lower in transgenic mice than in control mice, an effect apparently caused by sequestration of protein C via binding to the ECPR-laden endothelium. Despite having a dramatically altered pattern of endothelial EPCR expression and markedly lower levels of plasma protein C, the Tie2-EPCR transgenic mice surprisingly did not exhibit any gross hemorrhagic or thrombotic abnormalities and they had normal growth and viability. They did, however, exhibit an eightfold increase in APC generation in response to infusion of thrombin and were partially resistant to a lethal dose of bacterial lipopolysaccharide. These findings confirm and extend the results of previous studies in which EPCR blocking antibodies were found to decrease protein C activation and increase susceptibility to bacterial sepsis in baboons [9,10]. Increased vulnerability to bacterial lipopolysaccharide also has been reported in EPCR-deficient mice [11], but until now no animal model was available to examine the consequences of EPCR overexpression. Considered in conjunction with these earlier reports, the results of the study by Li et al. unequivocally establish a physiological role for EPCR in protein C activation and protection from systemic inflammatory responses in vivo. More importantly, these new findings demonstrate that the Correspondence: Steven R. Lentz, Department of Internal Medicine, C32 GH, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. Tel.: +1 319 356 4048; fax: +1 319 335 8848; e-mail: email@example.com Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, 3: 1349–1350


Using two improved slacks-based models,we estimate environmental and economic efficiencies and impacts of environmental regulations in China's main industrial provinces.Results obtained show that economic-environmental performances of these provinces are quite low and decreasing,and economic costs due to environmental regulations are increasing,reflecting the shortcomings brought by traditional economic development pattern adopted by these provinces.Finally,some policies have been proposed.


Objective:To quantitatively analyze the characteristics of peak systolic circumferential strain in patients with myocardial ischemia using speckle tracking imaging echocardiography and to explore its clinical value.Methods:A total of 56 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and 31 control subjects were studied.High frame rate two-dimensional images were recorded from the left ventricular short-axis view at the levels of mitral annulus and papillary muscle for both CHD patients and control subjects.Circumferential strain was measured in the left ventricular short-axis view by 2D strain software.Results:With the aggravation of coronary stenosis,the peak circumferential strain of the corresponding segments decreased gradually.Circumferential strain was negatively correlated with the aggravation of coronary stenosis (r=-0.547,P0.01).Conclusion:The peak systolic circumferential strain significantly decreased with severe coronary artery stenosis even there was no evidence by two dimensional echocardiography.The regional strain of left ventricle in patients with myocardial ischemia could be accurately evaluated by speckle tracking echocardiography.


Strengthening of steel structural elements using CFRP laminates has been applied widely in the last few years. The main goal of this research is to evaluate the efficiency of using CFRP laminates in shear strengthening of I-section steel beams. Six steel I-beams were experimentally investigated using four-point load arrangement. First beam was used as a control beam without any shear strengthening. Second and third beams were strengthened in shear by CFRP laminates in two different directions (90o& 45o) without any end-anchorage. Fourth and fifth beams were strengthened in shear exactly like the second and third beams respectively but with mechanical endanchorages. Last beam was strengthened in shear by the traditional welded steel plates. Stiffness and strength of all the six beams were determined experimentally. Results of the experimental study showed that applying the CFRP laminates improves shear strength and overall stiffness of steel Ibeams. Furthermore, using the mechanical end anchorage had significantly improved the load carrying capacity and reduced the deformations and strains especially in the elastic zone.


The pandemic is very influential in the world of education, one of which is the implementation of an online learning process that has the difficulty of transferring knowledge, so we need an interactive media that is interesting, but facilitates the transfer of knowledge. The aim is to determine the design of quizizz-assisted animated video media used for social studies learning, the feasibility of quizizz-assisted animated video media used for social studies learning, and the effectiveness of the influence of quizizz-assisted animation video media on social studies learning outcomes. The research design uses Research and Development. The population in this study were students of SDN Bojong Salaman 02, West Semarang District, Semarang City, and the samples were 20 students of class IV A as the control class and 23 students of class IV B as the experimental class. Data collection techniques with tests (multiple choice questions) and non-test (observation sheets, questionnaires, interviews, documentation). Prerequisite data analysis techniques, video feasibility test, and t-test. T-test results are 8.112 greater than t-table (2.074). In conclusion, the quizizz-assisted animation video media is effective in improving learning outcomes.


ABSTRACT The circulating fluidized-bed combustor (CFBC) recently has its commercial breakthrough as a viable technology to burn solid fuels with high efficiencies and low emissions. A 1·0 ton-steam/hr CFBC test facility has been designed, built, and systematically tested with Taiwan coals. The CFBC test chamber of 0·4 m square cross-section and 10 m high has built-in flexibility in thermal and combustion measurements. This paper presents the results of local heat transfer between bulk solids and the combustor wall. Effects of superficial fluidizing velocity, bed density, bed temperature, and solid recycle rate on heat transfer coefficient were measured and delineated.


237 Abstract: The point contact germanium detectors are novel detector techniques offering kg-scale radiation sensors with subkeV sensitivities. They have been used for light dark matter WIMPs searches and have potential applications in neutrino physics. Point contact germanium detectors are two types, one of them is n-type point contact and another one is p-type point contact germanium detector. In the p-type point-contact germanium detector there is an inactive layer due to which we have observed anomalous surface events, that increase the background in the sub keV region. While in n-type point contact germanium detector there is no inactive layer due to which we are free from the anomalous surface effect. To calculate the actual fiducial mass of the p-type point contact germanium detector we need to subtract the mass of the inactive layer for that we have to measure the thickness of the inactive layer. In this article, we focus on the anomalous surface event behavior coming due to the inactive layer in the p-type point-contact germanium detector and the process to measure the thickness of the inactive layer with using 133Ba source and Monte Carlo simulation to calculate the actual fiducial mass of the p-type point-contact germanium detector.


To meet the requirement to the new era when our country has become a WTO member, how to quicken the reform steps of College English teaching has held intense attention of men of in-sight. This article objectively analyses the present situation of College English teaching in recent years It also probes into the views of how to change ideas,create new quality evaluation system and ponders into the ideas of how to improve teaching methods and the teachers' quality, renew teaching materials and so on.


56Background: Immune checkpoint inhibition has shown early promising results in patients with chemotherapy-refractory metastatic or advanced tumors of the esophagus, gastroesophageal junction, and stomach. We explore the cost-effectiveness of checkpoint inhibitors as second-line treatment agents for this group of patients using a decision analytic approach. Methods: A Markov model was developed to simulate the course of a virtual cohort of patients treated by (i) nivolumab 3 mg/kg, (ii) combination of ipilimumab 3 mg/kg and nivolumab 1 mg/kg, and (iii) best supportive care (BSC). Patients in the hypothetical cohort were 55-year-olds in an advanced/metastatic stage who had received at least one prior line of chemotherapy. Patients who remained stable in treatment were monitored for adverse events until death. Rates of cancer-specific mortality, disease progression, and drug-related adverse events were estimated using results from the CheckMate 032 clinical trial. The primary endpoints were survival, measur...


Propagation path of radio wave curves due to the effect of atmospheric refraction,thus its velocity is less than light and a certain error is seen in the system of radio wave positioning.Therefore,software for refraction correction of radio wave is needed.Model for refraction correction of radio wave based on estimation of geoclimatic parameters is discussed first following the analysis of several methods of atmospheric refraction correction that are in common use and in the demands of practice application.Then the design of algorithm of refraction correction software is given with the flow chart and the methods for realizing its main functions.Finally,a correction experiment is carried out based on tentative data to verify the efficiency of the software.The result shows that the software responses accurately and rapidly to the refraction of radio wave and the error is confined to 1%.


This paper aims to make a study of the distribution patterns,the enrichment characteristics and the corresponding contamination conditions caused by the heavy metal contents in the soil and corps(corn,mung and soybean) around the gangue dump.For this purpose,we have collected 36 soil and 42 crops samples from the farm lands around the gangue dump of Taoyuan coal mine.And then we have made an analysis of the distributive features of Cu,Pb,Cd,Cr in the soils and corps,with a contrastive analysis done with the enrichment features of the root and the transfer ability of the seeds among the three crops.In order to evaluate the pollution condition of the three corps,it is necessary to use the atomic absorption spectrophotometry(AAS),the single factor index and the Nemero comprehensive index.The results of our investigation indicate that:the chemical contents of Cu(47.76 mg/kg),Cd(0.47 mg/kg) and Cr(125.30 mg/kg) have been found higher than the background value of the soil elements and the preliminary standards of the soil environment quality,though Pb(15.28 mg/kg) was in the reverse.However,with the increase of the distance away from the gangue dump,heavy metal content concentrations in the soil tend to decrease gradually.For example,the rate of the content decrease from 50 m to500 m is in the degrading order of Cr(40.92%),Pb(34.14%),Cd(30.13%) and Cu(20.44%),which reveals the migration features of the different elements.What is more,the remnant concentrations of Cu,Pb,Cd and Cr in the different plant organs are also in the degrading order of root stem seed,but that of Pb in the leaves turns to be significantly higher.What is more,the absorptive ability of the corn roots for the heavy metals proves to be higher than mung and soybean whereas the seed transfering ability turns to be reversed,for such differences account for the different root features and the stalk heights of the three crops.And,last of all,the Nemero comprehensive index of the three crops has been found and illustrated also in the degrading order of corn mung soybean,with corn being affected by the light pollution,and mung and soybean affected at the warning level.