❙ABSTRACT❙ Background: The present study was attempted to compare enalapril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor with losartan an angiotensin II (Ang II) receptor blocker in the inhibitory effects on the secretion of catecholamines (CA) from the perfused model of the rat adrenal gland. Methods: The adrenal gland was isolated and perfused with Krebs-bicarbonate. CA was measured directly by using the fluorospectrophotometer. Results: Both enalapril and losartan during perfusion into an adrenal vein for 90 minutes inhibited the CA release evoked by acetylcholine (ACh), 1.1-dimethyl-4-phenyl piperazinium (DMPP, a selective Nn agonist), high K + (a direct membrane-depolarizer), 3-(m-chloro-phenyl-carbamoyl-oxy-2-butynyl- trimethyl ammonium (McN-A-343, a selective M1 agonist), and Ang II in a time-dependent manner. Also, in the presence of enalapril or losartan, the CA release evoked by veratridine (an activator of voltage-dependent Na + channels), 6-dimethyl-3-nitro-4-(2-trifluoromethyl phenyl)-pyridine-5-carboxylate (BAY-K-8644, an L-type Ca - 2+ channel activator), and cyclopiazonic acid (a cytoplasmic Ca 2+ -ATPase inhibitor) were significantly reduced. Based on the same concentration of enalapril and losartan, for the CA release evoked by ACh, high K + , DMPP, McN-A-343, Ang II, veratridine, BAY-K-8644, and cyclopiazonic acid, the following rank order of inhibitory potency was obtained: losartan > enalapril. In the simultaneous presence of enalapril and losartan, ACh-evoked CA secretion was more strongly inhibited compared with that of enalapril- or losartan-treated alone. Conclusions: Collectively, these results demonstrate that both enalapril and losartan inhibit the CA secretion evoked by activation of both cholinergic and Ang II type-1 receptors stimulation in the perfused rat adrenal medulla. When these two drugs were used in combination, their effects were enhanced, which may also be of clinical benefit. Based on concentration used in this study, the inhibitory effect of losartan on the CA secretion seems to be more potent than that of enalapril. (J Korean Soc Hypertens 2014;20(2):51-67)


Photochemotherapy with psoralens, now widely used in the therapy of psoriasis, vitiligo and mycosis fungoides, has been proposed to have the capacity, during long‐term therapy, to induce ocular damage, e.g. cataract. This view is based on animal experiments (Cloud, Hakim & Griffin, 1960, 1961; Free‐man & Troll, 1969) and as a consequence adequate protection of the eyes has been recommended for patients on PUVA treatment.


EDITORIAL COMMENT: The cervix is a dangerous place for the placenta to implant, especially when the patient has had a previous Caesarean section, which definitely affects the probability of morbid adherence of the placenta. This statement is equally true whether the baby is above or below the placenta. This case report illustrata that a placenta percreta can occur in early pregnancy and similar reports have illustrated similar pathology in cases of cervical pregnancy where the placenta penetrated the cervix and involved the bladder base, and where torrential haemorrhage occurred, and hysterectomy was necessary (Beischer NA . Cervical Pregnancy. Aust. NZ J Obstet Gynaecol 1964; 4:8-22).


Post-translational modifications of proteins are widespread in eukaryotes. To elucidate the functional role of these modifi-cations, detection methods need to be developed that provide information at atomic resolution. Here, we report on the de-velopment of a novel Arg-specific NMR-experiment that detects the methylation status and symmetry of each arginine side chain even in highly repetitive RGG amino acid sequence motifs found in numerous proteins within intrinsically disordered regions. The experiment relies on the excellent resolution of the backbone H,N correlation spectra even in these low com-plexity sequences. It requires 13C, 15N labeled samples.


The "burning injustice" of mental illness needs to be tackled, Theresa May said today in a speech calling for a 'shared society'.


Mesoporous silica particles offer great potential benefits as vehicles for drug delivery and in other biomedical applications. They present a high loading capacity due their ordered and size-tuneab ...


Bee's honey is one of the most valued and appreciated natural substances known to mankind since ancient times. There are many types of bee's honey mentioned in Ayurveda. Their effects differ and 'Makshika' is considered medicinally the best. According to modern scientific view, the best bee's honey is made by Apis mellifera (Family: Apidae). In Sri Lanka, the predominant honey-maker bee is Apis cerana. The aim of this survey is to emphasize the importance of bee's honey and its multitude of medicinal, cosmetic and general values. Synonyms, details of formation, constitution, properties, and method of extraction and the usages of bee's honey are gathered from text books, traditional and Ayurvedic physicians of Western and Southern provinces, villagers of 'Kalahe' in Galle district of Sri Lanka and from few search engines. Fresh bee's honey is used in treatment of eye diseases, throat infections, bronchial asthma, tuberculosis, hiccups, thirst, dizziness, fatigue, hepatitis, worm infestation, constipation, piles, eczema, healing of wounds, ulcers and used as a nutritious, easily digestible food for weak people. It promotes semen, mental health and used in cosmetic purposes. Old bee's honey is used to treat vomiting, diarrhea, rheumatoid arthritis, obesity, diabetes mellitus and in preserving meat and fruits. Highly popular in cosmetic treatment, bee's honey is used in preparing facial washes, skin moisturizers, hair conditioners and in treatment of pimples. Bee's honey could be considered as one of the finest products of nature that has a wide range of beneficial uses.


Hard coatings can be used to increase damping when applied on the surface of the components of turbomachinery. This can be effective to reduce the resonant vibration level of components working in a high cycle fatigue environment due to the extremely high operational speed. This paper discusses the experimental investigation of a bi-modular material hard coating to enhance damping in structural steel elements. Firstly, a hard coating (Al2O3+MgO) is applied on AISI 304L stainless steel substrate by plasma spraying. After that, a layer of chrome is deposited by chrome plating. Dynamic responses of both coated and uncoated samples are measured. The damping ratio of the test specimen is extracted from the time response by the logarithmic decrement method. Improved damping capacity of the coated steel sample is observed and is mainly attributed to the thin coating of chrome on the steel structure. The natural frequency of coated specimen showed 8 to 10 % improvement, the forced response showed a 30 to 35 % decrement in displacement, the damping ratio showed a 200 % increment, and the time of decaying showed a 20 % decrement. The results of the present study provide new ideas for the development of high-damping structural elements.


Demographic change in Albania during the last three decades has influenced the socio-economic development of the country but has also contributed to the creation of new economic areas with high socio-economic development potential. During 2011-2021, it is estimated that, on average, 42 000 Albanians emigrated and 23 000 immigrated every year. The main reasons both for emigration and internal migration are related to better opportunities for work, education and healthcare. Internal migration from urban zones to the centre of the country has significantly affected its development, transforming the Durrës and Tiranë area (Durana) into an economic powerhouse. Nevertheless, Durana faces significant social challenges such as poverty (mainly of young families); unemployment of young people; inequality; and difficulty in accessing public goods and services for a part of the population. The purpose of this study is to analyse the socio-economic effects of internal migration into Durana and to present the likely challenges of urbanisation for the area in the next decade, influenced by projections for its population and economy.


Abstract Baseball and tennis coaches at Ohio State University ranked their respective players (N = 69) in performance at the end of the 1965 season. The Edwards Personal Preference Schedule, a personality test, had been administered to all players before the season began. Using multiple discriminant analysis, no significant differences in personality profiles were observed between the tennis and baseball groups, or between the highest 20 and lowest 20 ranked baseball players. When making between- and within-athletic group comparisons with normative data on each of 15 personality traits, a few traits, such as Achievement, Intraception, and Dominance, emerged as significant.


The role of the gut microbiota in patho‐physiology of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is suggested by several studies. However, standard cultural and molecular methods used to date have not revealed specific and consistent IBS‐related groups of microbes.


Ovarian cancer (OC) is a major contributor to cancer-related mortality in women. Despite numerous drugs being available for the treatment and improving the prognosis of OC, resistance to clinical chemotherapy remains a major obstacle for the treatment of advanced OC. Therefore, determining how to reverse the chemoresistance of OC has become a research hotspot in recent years. The present study aimed to reveal the potential mechanism of OC chemoresistance. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blot analysis were performed to detect the expression levels of Ubiquitin-specific peptidase 46 (USP46) and Pumilio 2 (PUM2) in OC. Cell viability and apoptosis were evaluated by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The association between USP46 and PUM2 was assessed by RNA immunoprecipitation. The results of the present study revealed that the expression levels of USP46 which is associated with tumor progression, was downregulated, while PUM2 expression levels were upregulated in cisplatin (DDP)-resistant OC cells and patient tissues. The downregulation of USP46 expression levels in SKOV3 cells significantly inhibited cell apoptosis and increased cell viability. In SKOV3/DDP cells, the upregulation of USP46 expression levels notably suppressed cell viability and increased cell apoptosis. The results of the RNA immunoprecipitation chip assay demonstrated that PUM2 bound to USP46 and regulated its expression. Furthermore, following the knockdown of USP46 expression, the mRNA and protein expression levels of the cell apoptosis-related protein, Bcl-2, were upregulated, whereas the expression levels of caspase-3, caspase-9 and Bax were significantly downregulated. In addition, phosphorylated AKT expression levels were notably upregulated. Following the overexpression of USP46 in SKOV3/DDP cells, the opposite trends were observed. In SKOV3 cells, the knockdown of PUM2 could reverse the DDP resistance induced by small interfering RNA-USP46 as the expression levels of Bcl-2 were downregulated whereas those of caspase-3, caspase-9 and Bax were upregulated compared with the small interfering-USP46 group. Similarly, in SKOV3/DDP cells, the overexpression of PUM2 could reverse DDP sensitivity induced by the overexpression of USP46. In conclusion, the findings of the present study suggested that the downregulation of USP46 expression levels may promote DDP resistance in OC, which may be regulated by PUM2. Therefore, targeting PUM2/USP46 may be an effective way to reverse DDP resistance in OC.


Occupational and environmental toxicologists are faced with the responsibility of providing sound scientific data that can be used to ensure individuals that they can conduct their daily activities without undergoing any undue risk which might potentiate the development of disease. With the majority of chemicals in the environment, it has been generally assumed that there is some safe level of exposure that is of no threat to human health. To be able to predict the absolute safe level is the sought after goal; however, the possibility of achieving this level of precision is remote, and in fact no chemical is absolutely safe. Thus, it becomes vitally important to carefully define the population at risk, the mode of exposure, and the lowest concentration that will cause an adverse health effect. Great strides have been made from the days when the toxicologists were extrapolating low-level health effects from studies performed at high concentrations (LD50), with single pollutant exposures (03, NO2, SO2), inadequate analytical and monitoring techniques, and "unnatural" routes of exposure. It is now recognized that in many instances the action of one toxic agent can be modified by exposure to other agents. The possibility of various environmental pollutants interacting to cause effects that may be additive, synergistic, or antagonistic is always present. The inability to perceive ill effects from a single agent is now no longer a guarantee that, when combined with another test substance, an adverse health effect on the individual might not be noted. In addition to those studies that use complex


The MMPA held its 18th Annual Congress at the Riverside Sun Hotel on the Vaal River on 4 and 5 September 2015. The Riverside Hotel has recently been refurbished and the MMPA was the first public engagement undertaken by the hotel. It is a picturesque building, beautifully located and overlooking the Vaal River.


A portable direct-reading unpowered hydrogen sulfide gas detector and a method of preparation indicated material comprising: a glass tube, the glass tube and both ends of the glass material indicates a diffusion control film composition detecting means; detected from the measured value indicative of the scale composition indicator window; indication of the detection assembly and the window-shaped carrier fixed on the badge; the substance is indicated by the main agent, and the interface modifier object 80-120 ceramic powder composition, the main component is lead acetate, lead nitrate, silver nitrate, wherein one or more of the composition, interfacial modifier is a soluble barium salt; primary group of said agent comprises by weight parts mixture of 1% -10%. The present invention has no power, high sensitivity, good accuracy, inexpensive, and convenient.


In saturated sandy soils liquefaction triggering is generally well-identified according to stress or strain criteria. On the contrary, the attainment of liquefaction in non-saturated sandy soils is still cause of discussion in scientific community. Even if the liquefaction resistance of non-saturated soils is higher than that of saturated ones, these soils may liquefy, as well. The increasing interest for cyclically mechanical behaviour of non-saturated sandy soils is due to the fact that desaturation or induced partial saturation (IPS) can be used as useful mitigation techniques against soil liquefaction. Therefore, it is important to define, as accurately as possible, the attainment of liquefaction, on which depends the estimation of liquefaction resistance. It has been already demonstrated the relevance of the apparent viscosity as a physically based parameter for the correct identification of the liquefaction triggering for fully saturated soils. In this paper the viscous triggering approach has been used for non-saturated soils too, processing some cyclic triaxial tests carried out on different sandy soils. The results confirm the reliability of the apparent viscosity as a liquefaction triggering parameter, showing a tight correlation with the strain liquefaction triggering criterion. Therefore, it confirms the correct choice of strain criterion for identifying the attainment of liquefaction in non-saturated sandy soils.


The 2.0-Mev Van de Graaff accelerator facility at USNRDL has been used as a source of high-intensity x radiation for a large number of experiments over the past several years. In order to explore the feasibility of using this radiation source in an even wider variety of situations, it was considered necessary to determine the exact spectrunn of bremsstrahlung produced by the bombardment of thick metallic targets by the monoenergetic electrons accelerated in the Van de Graaff. While a gold target is usually used as the bremsstrahlung target for high-intensity work, it was decided to explore the bremsstrahlung emerging from targets having a wide range of Z values, thus providing a more widely usable fund of information. Thus, the experiment described in this report consisted of the measurement of the 0/sup 0/ bremsstrahlung spectrum emerging from thick targets of polystyrene, aluminum, copper, silver, and gold bombarded by monoenergetic electrons at 2.0, 1.6, and 1.0 Mev. (auth)


The aim of the present work is to verify the apparent viscosity reduction in commercial pectinase Ultrazym 100 g hydrolyzed pineapple juice, clarified through Plate and Frame and Tubular systems using polysulfone, polyethersulfone and polyvinylidene fluoride ultrafiltration (UF) and microfiltration (MF) membranes under different transmembrane pressures (TMP). The obtained results showed that the greatest reduction in the apparent viscosity was found in juices clarified under lower transmembrane pressures both through polysulfone membranes (MWC 0.1 p) and through 100 KDa polysulfone membranes. No difference in apparent viscosity was found in juices permeated through tubular 0.3 p membranes. Similar results were obtained using the 0.1 μ membrane. The rheological behavior of both permeated and hydrolyzed juices was pseudoplastic.


A 61-year-old man presented with progressive dysphagia and post-prandial vomiting 1 year after undergoing an esophagogastric anastomosis for adenocarcinoma of the gastroesophageal junction. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed a high grade, anastomotic stricture (1 cm in length) at 25 cm from the incisors, which failed to respond to multiple, serial 15-mm balloon dilation sessions. He subsequently underwent uneventful placement of a lumen-apposing metal stent (LAMS; Axios, 15-mm diameter; Boston Scientific, Marlborough, Massachusetts, USA). This resulted in complete resolution of his symptoms. A follow-up endoscopy was performed at 6 months, during which it was found that almost the entire LAMS was embedded with significant tissue overgrowth (▶Fig. 1). A second 15-mm LAMS was placed using the "stent-in-stent" technique, completely overlapping the first LAMS (▶Fig. 2). At a further follow-up endoscopy 3months later, both LAMSs were easily removed in an atraumatic fashion using rat-tooth forceps (▶Video1). Inspection of the first LAMS after its removal revealed complete disintegration of its coating, which had led to its embedding, because of the prolonged in-dwell time (▶Fig. 3). Tissue overgrowth resulting in embedding of LAMSs is a rare complication [1]. It results from the foreign body reaction when the stents are used for the management of benign strictures. In the setting of benign tissue hyperplasia, forcible removal of the stent has been reported to cause luminal perforation [2, 3]. Therefore, the stent-in-stent technique has gained greatest acceptance among endoscopists for removal of embedded covered metal stents [2, 4]. This technique involves placement of another stent, which entirely covers the inside of the trapped stent. This second stent should be of the same diameter in order to achieve tissue necrosis of the hyperplasia, which subsequently results in easy atraumatic removal of the embedded stent. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the successful removal of an embedded LAMS using the stent-in-stent technique.


The most complex and important portion of the body and masticatory system are the temporomandibular joint. The growth of mandibular bone in both sagittal and vertical directions is by the condylar process. This study is done to determine different shapes of mandibular condyles using orthopantomographs (OPGs). The study's goal was to determine the morphology of the mandibular condyle in South Indians. One hundred digital OPGs with no defects were selected and obtained from private dental institutes and hospitals in Chennai for this study. The morphology of the mandibular condyle was studied and tabulated. Using the SPSS software, the Chi-square test was done to find associations between demographics and morphology. The study was an attempt to find the prevalent shape of the condylar head using a panoramic radiograph. Fifty-one percent were oval in shape, 20.5% were bird beak in shape, 13.6% were diamond in shape, and 14.9% were crooked finger in shape. The results suggest an oval–oval shape in more frequency among both genders. OPGs are the most commonly used and interpreted radiographs, due to their low radiation and easy availability among dentists. Hence, the shape of the mandibular condyle can also be determined using OPGs; future studies are to be conducted in large samples to make the context evident.


The method to control the small distortion of the mask by external force is presented to eliminate the effects of the mask distortion on the critical figure dimensions during exposuring the wafers by the Xray exposure system. The small distortion and its error of the mask caused by the external force are analyzed with the theoretical analysis and the finite element calculation and the results are verified by the actual experimental apparatus model. Thus,the optimum design parameters which meet the application requirements are obtained.


in LiNbO, can be reduced to a small amount comparable to the level found in silicon crystals. On the contrary, Rh:LiTaO, (Fig. 2b) contains a high amount of scattering centers such as dislocations, stacking faults, and subgrain boundaries, which can all provide seeds for light fanning to occur. We have shown that Rh-doped LiTaO, has great potential to become a leading photorefractive material for applications at ultraviolet and visible wavelengths such as self-pumped phase conjugate mirrors, optical storage, and dynamic cleanup of laser beams because it shows high two-beam coupling gain and possesses sufficient photorefractive scattering centers. The dependence of two-beam coupling gain on stoichiometric composition will be also discussed. *Institute of Quantum Electronics, ETHHoggerberg, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland


The temperature sensitivity of a two-mode (TM) photonic crystal fiber (PCF) interferometric sensor was investigated theoretically and experimentally. In contrast to the conventional elliptical core TM fiber interferometric sensors, the temperature sensitivity of the PCF sensor has a nonmonotonic dependence on the operating wavelength, and was measured to be 0.083, 0.147, and 0.136 rad/degCmiddotm at 543, 975, and 1310 nm, respectively


Gender based violence implications on child marriage. The research question is what are the implications of gender based violence on child marriage. Child marriage is the marriage that takes place before a child reaches the age of 18 years. In South Africa, the practice of bridal abduction is regarded as one form of marriage (Nkosi and Buthelezi.2013:162). According to the SADC Protocol on Gender and Development, gender based violence is described as all acts perpetrated against women, men, girls and boys on the basis of their sex which, cause or could causes them physical , sexual , psychological, emotional or economic harm. Including the threat to take such acts. Community Survey 2016 confirms that there are more than 91 000 girls in South Africa between the ages of 12 and 17 that are married, divorced, separated, widowed or living with partner as husband and wife, with the latter forming the majority group. The most suitable approach is qualitative research. The research design is exploratory, descriptive and contextual. The study will use desktop or literature review design, which is a critical evaluation of published material. The aim is to develop an in depth understanding of the implication of gender-based violence on child marriage in South Africa, describe the findings, draw conclusions, and make recommendations.


Recently, it has been shown that the state estimation approach to process tomography can provide estimates that are significantly better than (a sequence of) conventional stationary snapshot estimates. One of the main obstacles of the adoption of the recursive state estimation algorithms, most commonly different versions of the Kalman filter, is the computational complexity. This is due to both the required large dimension for the state variable and the need to use iterative versions of the Kalman filter in such cases in which there are large contrasts or varying background. In this paper, we propose to use a reduced-order representation for the state variable. In particular, we propose to use the proper orthogonal decomposition-related basis for the state. We consider a simulation study with fluctuating background conductivity, and, in particular, with fluctuating contact impedances. We compare the proposed approach to three different versions of the Kalman filter having different computational complexities. We show that this approach allows the reduction of the dimension of the problem approximately by an order of magnitude and yields essentially as accurate estimates as the most accurate traditional Kalman filter version, the iterated extended Kalman filter.


It is my very great pleasure to speak at this general session of the Federalist Society on the vexing topic of employment law. It is a subject in which I have had a long-term interest, and on which I have done a fair bit of legal and theoretical work. In a previous talk, Commissioner Chai Feldblum of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission emphasized the importance of empirical work in order to get a grip on how the system works. Her implicit assumption is that we should be skeptical of theoretical accounts of the determinants of success and failure in labor markets. No one should of course turn a blind eye to empirical information, but the emphasis that is attached to it all too often becomes a recipe for total and absolute stasis. The data is always incomplete. The studies are often too esoteric. The chains of inference are long and disputed. Rival interpretations are often inconsistent, and hence those who like the status quo ante use the claim for empirical research as a barrier against a revisiting of policies that I regard as far too interventionist in labor markets. No one did any empirical research to introduce the current melange of employment law. No one needs to do a great deal of empirical work to start down the road to dismantling the structure. In making this claim I do rely on some gross empirical data, which is readily available from standard sources, and which makes sustained calls for more empirical research unwise and unnecessary--at least if its purpose is to guide reform efforts. The basic numbers of youth unemployment are very grim, and show that this situation is widespread with special pressure on members of minority groups. The available data does not paint a pretty picture. (1) Indeed, when one looks at the youth unemployment rate today (in this instance for sixteen- and seventeen-year-olds) we find that the numbers are virtually indistinguishable from the period between 1950 and 1955, when there were no protective laws on the books and systematic forms of segregation existed. (2) Starting in 1955 or so, the unemployment picture for both black and white males got worse, and the gap between black and white employment rates rose dramatically, even as the minimum wage compressed wages. What is striking about this early data is that the changes during this period of time, including an increase in minimum wage laws, had a differential effect between the groups, with a worse effect on black males. The simplest explanation is that earlier unemployment rates may have been roughly equal because the wage rates may have been lower for black workers, reflecting their weaker job qualifications at the time. This is a classic case in which institutional changes left both groups worse off. The question then is what drives these changes, and here the theory tells a picture that is all too clear: regulation. The simplest graph of the effect of the minimum wage law shows that if the wage is constrained, supply will exceed demand at that level. This change means that the number of employment contracts formed will be fewer than would be the case if the restraint were removed, which would cause wages to fall and employment levels to rise. Labor markets are devilishly complex, but one thing that is sure today is that there are many forms of labor restrictions today not in place in the 1950s that help account for increased unemployment rates. Most critically, it is important to be conscious of where the gaps in our empirical knowledge lie--it is with the uncertainty as to the relative harm that is done by different measures, acting alone or in tandem. For example, it is very difficult to understand the adverse impact of a minimum wage law. One complication is that the impact depends on the gap between the market wage and the minimum wage. If the former is above the latter, the effects will be small, because wages can reach equilibrium. But there may still be workers in a robust market who are only employable at wages below the minimum wage, even if they constitute a small fraction of the total. …


Consumption of probiotics is evidently on the rise globally because of their various health benefits on human beings. The search for novel probiotics with diverse properties is the necessity of time. Properties of camel milk were first mentioned in the 'Words of The Prophet Mohammed' in the Surah, a section of the Koran (volume 7, book 71, number 5909).


The biodiversity evolution of common access rangelands was studied based on three levels (high, medium, low) of land occupation and grazing pressure in the subhumid area of Burkina Faso. The study was carried out on shrubby savannahs of Detarium microcarpum . These grazed savannahs are very common in the region and are considered as a degraded pattern of the original vegetation. The study showed that vegetal diversity increased with human and grazing pressure. However, this high biodiversity led to the degradation of the shrubby rangeland feed value and of the vegetation in general. A high grazing pressure can reduce the biomass and pasture index by more than half. The palatable part of the biomass was also much affected, because that of species with low fodder value reached 34 to 68% of the measured biomass.


Medical, psychiatric, and/or developmental disorders can be falsified in a variety of ways. Know the warning signs often missed by clinicians.


The infrared spectra of matrix‐isolated RbOH, RbOD, NaOH, and NaOD have been observed. Both the alkali‐metal–oxygen stretch ν1 and the bending mode ν2 have been assigned for each species. The metal–oxygen stretching mode is found at 354.4, 345, 431, and 422 cm−1 for RbOH, RbOD, NaOH, and NaOD, respectively; the bending mode ν2 is observed at 309.0, 229, 337, and 250 cm−1, respectively. Combination of the results of this study with the microwave measurements for RbOH and RbOD indicates an essentially linear structure for these species. The isotope shift for ν2 observed in NaOH coupled with reasonable bond lengths indicates an equilibrium configuration of NaOH which probably does not deviate significantly from linearity. The assumption of a linear model with a harmonic bending potential yields force constants of 0.046 × 10−18 and 0.053 × 10−18 Nm (0.046 and 0.053 mdyn·A) for RbOH and NaOH, respectively. These results are consistent with our previously reported results for CsOH.


Nutritional needs for humans in addition to staple food, the need for vitamins as additional food such as fruit. Consumption of fruits will produce fruit skin waste. Garbage is a problem for human life in the world. Unlike the case with organic waste, organic waste for Dr. Poompanvong can be converted into an eco-enzyme. Eco-enzyme is a multifunctional liquid produced from the fermentation of waste or organic waste, brown sugar / granulated sugar, and water. Eco-enzyme is a magic liquid whose benefits are very environmentally friendly, such as in the production process of eco-enzymes to produce O3 gas (the same as planting 10 trees), one liter of eco-enzyme solution can purify contaminated rivers, as an antiseptic and fertilize the soil. The objectives of implementing this community service activity are: first to introduce an organic waste management program with the concept of eco-enzymes; second, through dedication can produce output in the form of a national journal. This activity was held on July 28, 2020 at SMA Teruna Bhakti Waena Jayapura City and July 30, 2020 at SMA Negeri 2 Skanto Keerom. The target audience involved in this activity is high school students. The selection of target audiences is based on the duties and obligations of students to build Adiwiyata High School that loves the environment. The methods used in the implementation of the activity are lectures, simulations and practices on organic waste processing with the concept of eco-enzymes. The conclusion was that the participants were enthusiastic and knew the results of organic waste products with the concept of eco-enzymes. Based on the results of the evaluation, it shows that the level of participant satisfaction is high when viewed from the percentage of all aspects. Keywords: organic waste; eco-enzym; adiwiyata; Jayapura; Keerom


This paper presents a novel nonlinear control scheme for finite time tracking of a moving target using nonholonomic ground vehicles, where the distance and bearing angle of the target with respect to the vehicles are constrained. A generalized tan-type Barrier Lyapunov Function is proposed and incorporated with the control laws to deal with the non-symmetric distance and bearing angle constraints. For the target tracking implementation, relative position of the target is the only measured signal and no additional sensor information is required. Stability and performance analyses indicate that convergence of the tracking error to the neighbourhood of zero can be achieved in finite time, while the distance and bearing angle remain within the constraints. Further simulation has been performed using one target and two unmanned ground vehicles to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control method.


[From the Introduction]. For the first time since the collapse of communism, the EU is facing a strategic challenge in its external policies. The rise of Russia and China as international actors – with India close behind – and the growing confidence of some leading regional powers, such as Iran, are creating a serious threat to the EU's ambition to apply external policies that reflect European values. Against this background, the employment of the democracy – promotion agenda developed during the 1990s is unlikely to be effective and may even serve to weaken the position of the EU in key regions. This situation demands an urgent and far-reaching rethink of the approach the Union takes to external relations. If the EU is to remain a serious global actor, it will have to find ways to reconcile the imperative of engaging in difficult regions beyond the immediate European neighbourhood while also remaining true to the values of the Union.


Depending on static load test on the test piles along the Huling-Shaoyuan Section of JinanXinhailian Highway,this paper studied the differences in the bearing characteristics between branch and belled piles through comparison,involving axial force on pile body,resistance on pile end,and friction and resistance on pile side; and then discussed the loads borne by the branch plate. The results show that,compared with the branch pile,the belled pile has larger bearing capacity with minor settlement; due to the presence of branch plates,the branch pile has the axial force and the lateral friction and resistance act differently from the belled pile; the action of the branch plates' bearing characteristics shows time sequence regularity; the belled pile has larger end resistance than the branch pile,and the load-settlement curve demonstrates that the test piles present the properties of friction pile and end-bearing pile.


Kurianetal 1 accompanyingthiseditorialdescribestheresultsofan early deployment of this technology in the oncology clinic. The investigators performed multiplex testing using a custom panel on a collection of samples from women who had previously undergone evaluation for breast-ovarian cancer predisposition. Most of these women were affected by and had family histories of breast and/or ovarian cancer. As expected, the most common mutations observed were in BRCA1 and BRCA2, with nearly (but not quite) complete concordance with prior commercial testing. There were alsoanumberofindividualsinthegroupwhocarriedmutationsin other genes, including one woman with an unequivocal mutation in MLH1. The authors considered many of these additional findings to be "potentially actionable," and concluded that multiplex testingresultedinchangesinrecommendationsforpreventivecare


BACKGROUND
The influence of low oxygen on the biosynthesis of their aroma-related esters and alcohols in strawberries has been well revealed. However, how low oxygen conditions affect other volatile compounds, such as terpenes and furans, is still to be elucidated.

RESULTS
The effects of 2 kPa O2 low oxygen on the biosynthesis of aroma in 'Benihoppe' strawberries were comprehensively investigated in this study. The results showed that, like esters, the accumulations of key terpene alcohols and furans in strawberries were also inhibited by 2 kPa O2 low-oxygen during storage and subsequent shelf life, which was associated with the down-regulation of expression of FaNES1 (nerolidol synthase) and FaOMT (O-methyltransferase). However, there was no anaerobic fermentation occurred in 'Benihoppe' strawberries since no ethanol and acetaldehyde were produced under the 2 kPa O2 condition. As expected, the 2 kPa O2 condition suppressed the respiratory intensity and lowered the energy charge to maintain the quality of strawberries. The negative effects of low-oxygen storage on aroma accumulations and the energy charge of strawberries were more pronounced when transferred to the period of shelf life.

CONCLUSION
The 2 kPa O2 condition caused a full-scale loss of aroma in 'Benihoppe' strawberries, including esters and alcohols as well as terpenes and furans, which was mainly reflected in the reduction of aroma emissions rather than the production of off-flavor, probably due to the reduced expressions of related genes and energy charge. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Background The orthognathic strategies to treat patients with a concave profile but different tissue conditions remain controversial. The aim of this case-control study was to investigate the outcome predictability of orthognathic surgery in cleft lip and palate (CLP) patients and matched controls. Methods Fifty consecutive CLP and 45 matched non-CLP patients who received whole-piece Le Fort I and bilateral sagittal split osteotomy to correct class III skeletal relations were enrolled. The outcome discrepancies (ODs) from simulations among all groups were evaluated with consideration of the possible influences from planned surgical movements (PSM). Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to determine threshold values of PSMs that yielded clinically relevant OD. Results Unilateral CLP (UCLP) patients had comparable postsurgical OD to non-CLP patients in both jaws, whereas bilateral CLP (BCLP) patients had greater deviations from predicted results. Vertical movement of the A − point > 1.33 mm and yaw correction > 1.65° in the BCLP patients was associated with clinically relevant maxillary OD. Conclusions The OGS outcomes of BCLP patients were less predictable than those of the UCLP and noncleft patients. Vertical movements of the A − point > 1.33 mm and yaw correction > 1.65° in BCLP patients increased OD to a clinically relevant extent.


Various mathematical formulations of the symmetry group in quantum mechanics are investigated and shown to be mutually equivalent. A new proof of the theorem of Wigner on the symmetry transformations is worked out.


Non-uniform distribution of Al between the three symmetrically equivalent Si sites in low quartz is converted to a random distribution by dry or hydrothermal annealing above 400°C due to Al-Si exchange, as shown previously by EPR measurements. Rate equations for the Al-Si exchange are derived from the experimental results presented here. We show that the kinetics of the Al-Si exchange reaction are strongly influenced by the type of Si substitution, whether by Al+Na ([AlO 4 Na] 4− ) or Al+Li ([AlO 4 /Li] 4− ). Rate constants k and activation energies E of the Al-Si exchange differ significantly under identical run conditions according to the [AlO 4 /Na] 4− and [AlO 4 /Li] 4− defects. Thus, it is concluded that Na and Li are involved in the rate determining step of the Al-Si exchange reaction. The role of Na and Li is discussed from the electrostatic and structural viewpoints. In the case of [AlO 4 /Na] 4− defects, no significant effect of water pressure on the activation energy E of the Al-Si exchange is observed, while the rate constant k decreases with increasing water pressure. In the case of [AlO 4 /Li] 4− defects, the activation energy of the Al-Si exchange in low quartz increases from 278 ± 20 KJ/mole (dry, in air) to 400 ± 25 KJ/mole at 100 MPa water pressure, while k decreases. For high quartz, no effect of water pressure is observed with respect to E and k, and the activation energy E is drastically reduced compared with low quartz. From the experimental results obtained on samples from different growth sectors of the same crystal, it is concluded that a vacancy mechanism is responsible for the Al-Si exchange. Based on the «random walk» theory, equations are derived which allow calculation of the diffusion coefficients (D∥ c and D⊥ c ) of Al from rate constants (k) of the Al-Si exchange reaction. The calculated diffusion coefficients are in the range 10 −24 to 10 −27 m 2 s −1 . With the method described here, diffusion coefficients can be estimated temperature ranges where conventional methods fail (e.g. diffusion of radioactive tracers or measurements of electrical conductivity)


To the Editor.— Friberg and Weinreb 1 recently reported the occurrence of increased intraocular pressure with the head-down position, and suggested that patients with certain conditions, including glaucoma, should refrain from inversion altogether. Report of a Case.— We recently saw a 68-year-old athletic physician in excellent health who was first examined in January 1975, for an increase in his cup-disc ratio of 0.6 on the right and 0.7 on the left. Pressures at that time were 18 in both eyes on six separate occasions, and tonography revealed a C value of 0.24 on the right and 0.13 on the left. Visual fields were normal. From 1975 through 1980, applanation pressures taken at different times during the day were always below 21 mm Hg. At the time of reevaluation in February 1981, a small arcuate scotoma was identified in the left eye and early posterior subcapsular cataracts were identified in both


Both consumers and producers influence the development of the surfactant market,closely linked is the effect on the individual surfactant types and the raw materials used for their manufacture.The importance of market research and proximity between the market and customer is interpreted ,the fourteen influential factors are studied.


Aim: The foremost purpose of this research work is to diminish the analysis time and to establish cost effective method for estimation of Vildagliptin by RP-UPLC.
Study Design: UPLC based Quantification studies.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmacy, Bhagwant University, Ajmer, Rajasthan, Indiabetween June 2020 and August 2020.
Methodology: A simple, responsive and precised RP-UPLC method with good robustness was developed and validated as per ICH for the analysis of Vildagliptin in drug substance and separation of degradants generated by different forced degradation conditions. Productive separation of Vildagliptin was attained by the use of Luna C18 column (100x2.6mm and 1.6µm) with a mobile phase composition of 0.1% v/v Trifluoroacetic acid and Acetonitrile in 80:20 v/v, which was pumped with 0.5 ml/min flow rate. The eluted substances were examined with PDA detector at 239nm. Stressed degradation studies were performed with proposed method to determine the percentage degradation of Vildagliptin.
Results: The RT of Vildagliptin was observed at 1.56 min. The developed method was validated as per ICHQ2B and proved that the method was precise, sensitive, specific and accurate.The lowest concentration of limit of detection (0.05µg/ml) and limit of quantification(0.5µg/ml) of Vildagliptin make obvious about the sensitivity of the method. The correlation coefficient found to be 0.9997 for given range of linear concentrations. The calculated average percentage recoveries of Vildagliptin in spiked solutions were found to be in the range of 99.1-100.5. The calculated % RSD was determined to be less than 2. Determination of degradation of amount of Vildagliptin by forced degradation studies representing the stability indicating nature of the proposed method.
Conclusion: The developed method said to be highly sensitive, accurate, specific and robust, therefore this method has high probability to adopt in pharmaceutical industry for regular analysis of Vildagliptin.


"Extraordinary Explorers" is a three-volume series that documents the lives and deeds of well-known explorers as well as some of the travellers and explorers who do not appear in traditional history books. Each book focuses on one extraordinary aspect of exploration. This book chronicles the history of scientific exploration, beginning with Captain Cook's astronomical observations in the South Pacific in the 18th century, and describing various other tropical, polar, ocean and space explorations. Subjects include pioneer naturalist Alexander von Humboldt, who ventured into the Amazon; the US Exploring Expedition that circled the globe in the 1830s; the mapping expeditions and geological surveys of the American West by Fremont and others; and the researches of Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace, which led to the theory of evolution.


• What is a cancer cluster? • Who responds to an enquiry about a reported cancer cluster? • What is the purpose of an assessment of a reported cancer cluster? • What cancers are included in cluster assessment? • How is the assessment done? • When is a suspected cancer cluster likely to be a confirmed cancer cluster? • Can cancer clusters occur by chance? • Does the confirmation of a cancer cluster suggest the presence of a causal agent? • What needs to be considered when reporting a suspected cancer cluster? • What are some other sources of information about cancer clusters? • What is the process for reporting a suspected cancer cluster?


Radiation effects on SRAM-based FPGA configuration memory induce unique failure modes that cannot be found in similar ASIC devices and can translate into permanent errors in the circuit mapped into the FPGA. The physical layout of the mapped circuit has a considerable impact on the overall reliability of the implemented circuit. In this work we present a set of soft error reliability aware placement and routing algorithms, by modifying the original VPR toolset, to improve the reliability of the mapped designs against SEUs occurring in the FPGA SRAM configuration memory. Our proposed approach tries to minimize the number of possible errors in the circuit while optimizing for traditional design constraints, namely, area and delay. Using our approach we were able to reduce the number of total sensitive bits by 58% on average.


Significance The capacity to remember faces previously seen is strikingly variable between individuals, and differences in that skill are also highly heritable, implying that genetic variation exerts an important influence. Research with rodents has shown the oxytocin receptor (OXTR) plays a critical role in conspecific recognition. We examined whether genetic variants of the OXTR affect face recognition memory in families with an autistic child. We discovered that a single OXTR polymorphism accounted for up to 10% of variation in their test performance, in both UK and Finnish populations. Approximately 35% of family members were homozygous for the risk genotype. Our findings imply that oxytocin's role in facilitating social recognition has been conserved across perceptual boundaries through evolution, from rodents to humans. The neuropeptides oxytocin and vasopressin are evolutionarily conserved regulators of social perception and behavior. Evidence is building that they are critically involved in the development of social recognition skills within rodent species, primates, and humans. We investigated whether common polymorphisms in the genes encoding the oxytocin and vasopressin 1a receptors influence social memory for faces. Our sample comprised 198 families, from the United Kingdom and Finland, in whom a single child had been diagnosed with high-functioning autism. Previous research has shown that impaired social perception, characteristic of autism, extends to the first-degree relatives of autistic individuals, implying heritable risk. Assessments of face recognition memory, discrimination of facial emotions, and direction of gaze detection were standardized for age (7–60 y) and sex. A common SNP in the oxytocin receptor (rs237887) was strongly associated with recognition memory in combined probands, parents, and siblings after correction for multiple comparisons. Homozygotes for the ancestral A allele had impairments in the range −0.6 to −1.15 SD scores, irrespective of their diagnostic status. Our findings imply that a critical role for the oxytocin system in social recognition has been conserved across perceptual boundaries through evolution, from olfaction in rodents to visual memory in humans.


In order to diagnose and identify effectively faults for an aeroengine's whole-body vibration,the improved fuzzy support vector machine( FSVM) and multi-class fuzzy membership method combined with the information entropy technique was proposed here. It was compared with the traditional FSVM membership analysis method. The calculation model of multi-class fuzzy membership was established based on improving the traditional FSVM fuzzy membership function. Tests and examples for aircraft engines' overall vibration performance,and fault diagnosis and identification verified that the technology of multi-class fuzzy membership combined with information entropy is very effective. The weighted values between fault modes and fault causes were determined and the multi-parameter vibration performance analysis model was developed,the effects of various vibration causes on the overall state of an aeroengine were analyzed quantitatively,and a quantitative reference index was provided for aeroengine vibration suppressing.


There are many query languages (QLs) that can be used to query RDF and OWL ontologies but neither type is satisfactory for querying OWL-DL ontologies. RDF-based QLs (RDQL, SeRQL, SPARQL) are harder to give a semantics w.r.t. OWL-DL and are more powerful than what OWL-DL reasoners can provide. DL-based QLs (DIG ask queries, nRQL) have clear semantics but are not powerful enough in the general case. In this paper we describe SPARQL-DL, a substantial subset of SPARQL for which we provide a clear OWL-DL based semantics. SPARQL-DL is significantly more expressive than existing DL QLs (by allowing mixed TBox/RBox/ABox queries) and can still be implemented without too much effort on top of existing OWL-DL reasoners. We discuss design decisions and practical issues that arise for defining SPARQL-DL and report about our preliminary prototype implemented on top of OWL-DL reasoner Pellet.


A method, comprising: identifying (600) objects root included in a call stack, wherein the objects comprise root representations of integers and pointers representations; labeling (610) representations of integers, in which a labeled whole number representation can be distinguished from a representation pointer untagged; tracking (620) of the objects-root in a set of locations corresponding memory, which subsequent monitoring in representing pointer untagged is performed, and in the subsequent monitoring is omitted in the representation of integers labeled; and releasing (630) of memory allocated to a set of objects unavailable by the call stack.


From the Publisher:
In The Plug-In Drug, Marie Winn demonstrates "with devastating persuasiveness" (The Washington Post) that television has a negative impact on child development, school achievement, and family life. But rather than focusing on program improvement as a solution, Winn proposes that the problem lies within the seductive act of TV watching itself. Extensive TV watching alters children's relations with the real world, depriving them of far more valuable real life experiences, especially playing and reading. Ever sympathetic to parents' need for relief, Winn proposes ways to control this addictive medium and live with it successfully. This 25th anniversary edition addresses the variety of new electronic media that have supplemented television in the home and increased children's bondage to screen experiences. It includes new sections on:

* Computers in the classroom
* Computer and video games
* The VCR
* The V-Chip and other control devices
* TV programming for babies
* Television and physical health

Author Biography: Marie Winn has written thirteen books, among them Children Without Childhood, Unplugging the Plug-In Drug, and Red-Tails in Love. She currently writes a column about nature for the Wall Street Journal. She has two grown children and four grandchildren who are growing up without television.


I. INTRODUCTION September 16, 2007 has been called Baghdad's "Bloody Sunday."1 On that scorching afternoon in Baghdad, Iraq, a team of Blackwater Worldwide2 private military contractors slew seventeen Iraqi civilians3 and wounded twenty-seven others.4 A Blackwater spokesperson claimed that the civilian contractors reacted in response to an attack by enemy combatants and "heroically defended American lives."5 Despite such claims, U.S. soldiers who arrived at the scene within twenty-five minutes found no evidence of enemy activity and characterized the event as criminal.6 Despite such evidence and notwithstanding four potential sources of criminal law - international law, host-nation law, U.S. civilian law, and U.S. military law - these Blackwater guards escaped criminal accountability for their actions on Bloody Sunday.7 Such private citizens employed by the U.S. military in undeclared wars had fallen into a legal loophole, practically beyond the reach of criminal law. They had become "the Untouchables."8 Prior to Bloody Sunday, Congress had recognized that something must be done to bridge this gap and amended U.S. military law in 2007 to bring the Untouchables within the grasp of criminal law.9 This Note examines the legal loophole into which modern private military contractors had fallen and concludes that U.S. military law can, and should, be used to hold them criminally accountable. Private military contractors ("PMCs" or "contractors"), like the Blackwater employees, have assumed a pivotal role in U.S. foreign relations and combat worldwide. Following a reduction in the general size of U.S. armed forces, the government has turned increasingly to PMCs to perform many functions previously carried out by military personnel.10 Although these contractors had initially provided mere auxiliary support to the military by supplying instruction, mail delivery, and food services,11 an overextended U.S. military soon utilized PMCs globally in a wide variety of vital roles,12 such as "interrogators, complex systems operators, . . . [and] security for high profile politicians and military commanders."13 P.W. Singer, a senior fellow and director of the 21st Century Defense Initiative at the Brookings Institution,14 has recently identified three classifications of firms, based on the services they provide, that supply PMCs to the U.S. military: (1) military support firms that deliver "supplementary military services . . . including logistics, intelligence, technical support, supply, and transportation"; (2) military consulting firms that supply "advisory and training services integral to the operation and restructuring of a client's armed forces"; and (3) military provider firms that focus on the tactical environment by running active combat operations.15 PMCs who come from military provider firms operate "at the forefront of the battlespace, by engaging in actual fighting . . . and/or direct command and control of field units."16 Such contractors, like those involved in Bloody Sunday, essentially act in a quasi-military capacity. These quasi-military PMCs dress like soldiers, bear arms like soldiers, and fill quintessential soldier roles.17 The U.S. military's use of PMCs in modern times - since the early 1990s - has reached an unprecedented level.18 As of late 2007, PMCs in Iraq outnumbered military personnel 180,000 to 165,000, with between 20,000 and 30,000 contractors in quasi- military roles.19 As one of the main suppliers of PMCs to the U.S. military, Blackwater provided security to U.S. officials who visited Iraq.20 In performing their roles as bodyguards, Blackwater employees frequently escorted U.S. officials through Baghdad in armed convoys.21 For Iraqi police officers, it became "a standard part of their workday in occupied Iraq to stop traffic to make room for U.S. VIPs, protected by heavily armed private soldiers, to blaze through."22 On Bloody Sunday, what began as a routine traffic stop by Blackwater contractors escorting U. …


A pair of specific primers was designed based on the gene sequence of potato virus Y,which amplified a 852 bp DNA fragment from the total RNA of potato leaves infected by PVY collected from Shanxi province by RT-PCR.Sequence analysis showed that the DNA fragment amplified had 99% similarity with that of pl gene of PVY strain N:O.


Wrist and hand injuries are common in a majority of sports. The wrist and hand combine to form an important functional unit of the upper limb. This chapter will review the functional anatomy of the hand and wrist; explain the causative factors of acute soft tissue injuries of the hand and wrist; and discuss the differences between acute and chronic injuries of the hand and wrist. The chapter will further provide an overview of common soft tissue injuries of the hand and wrist by detailing the assessment, management, and rehabilitation strategies and protocols.


(57) Abstract: discloses a method of producing mouse and human endostatin. Bacteria, as well as the full-length endostatin, and angiostatin is reproduced from the expressed inclusion bodies by nucleic acid encoding a truncated endostatin, discloses a method for purification.


The newly observed $X(2100)$ by the BESIII Collaboration inspires our interest in studying the light meson system, especially axial-vector mesons. Since the $X(2100)$ has $J^P=1^+$ possibilities but cannot be distinguished only by mass, we make use of flux-tube model to study the strong decay behavior of $X(2100)$ under this assignment. The experimental width of the newly reported $X(2100)$ can be reproduced in our calculation, which favors an assignment of $X(2100)$ as the second radial excitation of $h_1(1380)$ with $I(J^P)=0(1^+)$. And the $\mathcal{B}(X(2100)\to \phi \eta^\prime)$ has a sizable contribution to the total width. Furthermore, we focus on the production of $X(2100)$ and its flavour partner $h_1(1965)$ induced by pion and kaon on a proton target with the Feynman model and the Regge model, which is an available platform to further identify their nature. The numerical results indicate that the total cross section are similar in the two models. When the range of momentum ${\mathrm{p_{Lab}}}$ is 10 to 30 GeV/$c$, the total cross sections for $\pi^-p\to X(2100)n$ and $K^-p\to X(2100)\Lambda$ are predicted to be at an order of magnitude of 0.1 $\mu$b. Whereas, the total cross section for $\pi^-p\to h_1(1965)n$ is near an order of magnitude of 10 $\mu$b when $p_{\mathrm{Lab}}$ is from 10 to 30 GeV/$c$, and much larger than that of reaction $K^-p\to h_1(1965)\Lambda$. These predictions can provide some valuable information to search for $X(2100)$ and $h_1(1965)$ in experiments at J-PARC, COMPASS, OKA@U-70 and SPS@CERN.


In recent years, on-chip clamp designs for enhancing destructive immunity of ICs mounted on systems against residual currents of system level immunity tests have been proposed. To cope with a long duration pulse (several tens ${\mu }\text{s}$ ) such as a surge immunity test is one of the issues of the system level on-chip clamp. A clamp combined RC-trigger and static trigger is one approach to achieve both a low voltage clamping against component level ESD events and system level surge protection. However, the combined clamp using the conventional static trigger is difficult to achieve both a high current capability against the long pulse event and a low standby leakage current. This work presents a combined clamp that overcome the trade-off between the long pulse current capability and the standby leakage current using a variable holding voltage technique. The proposed clamp achieves the higher current capability against the long pulse event without increasing the standby leakage by holding voltage lowering while keeping a higher trigger voltage. It can contribute to increase PCB design freedom and to protect ICs efficiently from wider time range immunity tests.


Treatment for metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is a challenge, particularly in pregnant female because of the absence of safety data concerning imatinib use during pregnancy. We report a case of metastatic GIST surgically resected during pregnancy with a favorable outcome. A treatment strategy for GIST in pregnant patients should be carefully discussed by a multidisciplinary team, based on the phase of pregnancy, tumor resectability, and patient's opinion in abortion. Patient counseling and education regarding the paucity of safety data cannot be overemphasized.


from tributes, personal services and other general contributions which were guaranteed to the Rajah's heirs back in the sixteenth century. While it is an interesting document, it is difficult to see its relation to the theme of the collection. Other documents in the collection include "Instructions to Miguel Lopez de Legazpi" (Document V); "Urdaneta's Report" (Document VII); "Letter from Fray Diego de Herrera . . ." (Document XII); and "Ordinances Given by Miguel Lopez de Legazpi to the First Council of the City of Manila" (Document XVI). Some of the documents are already found in English translation in Blair and Robertson's monumental collection (e.g. Document XVIII, "Opinion of Father Martin de Rada Regarding the Tributes")—although it must be admitted that the "business English" translations of Lopez and Felix make for more pleasant reading than the formal style of the earlier work. It is a pity, nonetheless, that time and space were given to publishing documents that are readily at hand (in English). Archives in Spain and Mexico are literally bursting with documents having to do with the mission of the early friars in the Philippines which have not as yet been translated and published. These must one day be sifted and brought to light if an adequate history of the Christianization of the Philippines is ever to be written. Regretfully, the present volume makes no significant contribution to that enterprise. It would have been helpful to readers had the translators done three things with respect to this book: i) acknowledged the source or sources of the documents (i.e. where these documents are located); 2) arranged the Spanish and English texts on opposite pages for easier comparison; and 3) inserted page numbers in the Table of


Based on improved preamble,a kind of fast coarse symbol synchronization algorithm in burst OFDM communication is presented in this article.Compared with traditional algorithms,the merits of this algorithm include independence of frequency offset,low operation complexity and high timing precision.This algorithm is suitable for fast symbol timing synchronization in front of frequency synchronization in burst mode.


Theoretical discussions of the causes of social inequality still rely largely on frameworks first formulated in the 19th century by Marx, Spencer and Durkheim. For very different reasons these authors arrived at similar conclusions which influenced much subsequent theorizing: inequality structures in human societies were believed to arise from single causes, to impose themselves inevitably on human affairs, and to follow predictable developmental pathways. This paper proposes a new theory which explores elements missing from conventional theories: the role of contingency and chance in the growth of inequality structures, self-reinforcing dynamics and processes of intentional social control which consolidate them, and the indeterminate historical pathways of the evolution of distributive structures. These characteristics also suggest the need to explore alternatives for social change and distributive justice.


In light of the paucity of evidence on mothers' involvement in expressive and creative therapy for adolescents with learning disabilities (LD) studying at special education schools, the current study examined mothers' perceptions of their involvement in the therapy and of the relationship with the therapist. The sample comprised 18 mothers to adolescents with LD who were in therapy for at least one year. Data was collected via semi-structured interviews. The findings indicated several therapeutic issues as well as the special encounter that occurs between the therapeutic and educational domain. The discussion presents three main styles of maternal involvement. The theoretical implications of the results and their practical implications for expressive and creative therapy within schools are discussed.


In quantum optomechanics, finding materials and strategies to limit losses has been crucial to the progress of the field. Recently, superfluid ${}^{4}\mathrm{He}$ was proposed as a promising mechanical element for quantum optomechanics. This quantum fluid shows highly desirable properties (e.g., extremely low acoustic loss) for a quantum optomechanical system. In current implementations, superfluid optomechanical systems suffer from external sources of loss, which spoils the quality factor of resonators. In this work, we propose an alternate implementation, exploiting nanofluidic confinement. Our approach, based on acoustic resonators formed within phononic nanostructures, aims at limiting radiation losses to preserve the intrinsic properties of superfluid ${}^{4}\mathrm{He}$. In this work, we estimate the optomechanical system parameters. Using recent theory, we derive the expected quality factors for acoustic resonators in different thermodynamic conditions. We calculate the sources of loss induced by the phononic nanostructures with numerical simulations. Our results indicate the feasibility of the proposed approach in a broad range of parameters, which opens prospects for more complex geometries.


AbstractThis article describes the cracking of a hydraulic cylinder pipe made of 32HA steel with an Ar-shielded gas tungsten arc–welded (GTAW) protective housing. Grade 32HA is a Polish grade of steel that contains approximately 0.32% carbon and is designed for use on pipes and tubes for hydraulic cylinders. A fragment of the cylinder pipe and a welded joint of the protective housing were subjected to light microscopy (LM)-based macro- and microscopic metallographic examination. Tests of mechanical properties and impact energy, measurements of hardness, and analyses of chemical composition were also carried out. It was determined that the primary reason for cracking was the overloading of the pipe with the pressure of the working liquid inside the cylinder during operation. It was also ascertained that the welding of the protective housing created a heat-affected zone in the steel; this HAZ was of a very hard and brittle martensitic structure consisting of a structural notch that increased the steel's sus...


We propose the compact PRESENT on embedded processors. To obtain high-performance, PRESENT operations, including an add-round-key, a substitute layer and permutation layer operations are efficiently implemented on target embedded processors. Novel PRESENT implementations support the Electronic Code Book (ECB) and Counter (CTR). The implementation of CTR is improved by using the pre-computation for one substitute layer, two diffusion layer, and two add-round-key operations. Finally, compact PRESENT on target microcontrollers achieved 504.2, 488.2, 488.7, and 491.6 clock cycles per byte for PRESENT-ECB, 16-bit PRESENT-CTR (RAM-based implementation), 16-bit PRESENT-CTR (ROM-based implementation), and 32-bit PRESENT-CTR (ROM-based implementation) modes of operation, respectively. Compared with former implementation, the execution timing is improved by 62.6%, 63.8%, 63.7%, and 63.5% for PRESENT-ECB, 16-bit PRESENT-CTR (RAM based implementation), 16-bit PRESENT-CTR (ROM-based implementation), and 32-bit PRESENT-CTR (ROM-based implementation) modes of operation, respectively.


We give an elementary proof of the real section conjecture for quasi-projective hyperbolic curves and semi-abelian varieties. The underlying argument is essentially equivalent to the one given by J. Stix.


Caribbean Agricultural Research and Development Institute (CARDI) P.O. Bag 212, Frederick Hardy Building, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St Augustine Trinidad and Tobago W.I Tel: 1-868645-1205-7 Fax: 1-868-645-1208 Email: email@example.com Website: www.cardi.org Facebook: CARDI Caribbean Agricultural Research and Development Institute You Tube: CARDIcaribbean Improving Lives Through Agricultural Research ISSUE 12 August 2015 &


The term sustainability as we know it today goes back to less than 30 years, it is in Bruntland's report in 1987 when it appears for the first time and arises from the need to know the impact generated by human activities on the environment. Currently it is known that buildings represent 40% of total energy consumption and therefore is a major responsible for the pollution that is generated, hence the importance of sustainability in buildings and how to transform them to become more efficient and more friendly to the environment. The vernacular architectures in the vast majority of cases have solved this problem for many years, however, society in its process of transformation and modernization has left aside these technologies that largely resolved these problems. This study analyzes a building of the Venezuelan colonial era and which has a vernacular architecture and how it manages to create a comfortable habitat for its inhabitants without the energy consumption. In the first part a brief explanation of its geographical location, its architectural description, the social and economic environment that existed when it was built and the one that currently exists is presented. In a second part, the physical environment that surrounds it and the hydrothermal conditions existing in the area where it is located are analyzed, with this it is possible to analyze and study the strategies that the building uses to achieve a comfortable and friendly habitat with the environment.


In the public sector at the local government level, recording and notification of upcoming contract-related events is currently a manual process, prone to error and de-prioritisation, writes Denis Henry.


The invention discloses a thermal insulation coating, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 34 to 54 percent of emulsion, 15 to 20 percent of titanium white, 10 to 20 percent of ceramic hollow microsphere, 5 to 10 percent of aluminium silicate powder, 5 to 10 percent of kaolin, 5 to 10 percent of sepiolite powder, 5 to 10 percent of water and 0.2 to 0.3 percent of defoaming agent. The invention also discloses a preparation method for the thermal insulation coating. After the thermal insulation coating is used, a procedure of cooling equipment with spray water is eliminated, and energy consumption is greatly reduced; in addition, the thermal insulation coating has high acid and alkali resistance, no toxin or danger and long service life, and is convenient to coat and spray.


Stochastic structural analysis can assess whether a fabricated object will break under real‐world conditions. While this approach is powerful, it is also quite slow, which has previously limited its use to coarse resolutions (e.g., 26 × 34 × 28). We show that this approach can be made asymptotically faster, which in practice reduces computation time by two orders of magnitude, and allows the use of previously‐infeasible resolutions. We achieve this by showing that the probability gradient can be computed in linear time instead of quadratic, and by using a robust new scheme that stabilizes the inertia gradients used by the optimization. Additionally, we propose a constrained restart method that deals with local minima, and a sheathing approach that further reduces the weight of the shape. Together, these components enable the discovery of previously‐inaccessible designs.


OBJECTIVE:To study the status quo and the demand on pharmaceutical logistics talents.METHODS:The demand on pharmaceutical logistics talents was analyzed based on the current conditions in the pharmaceutical logistics enterprises in Guangzhou,and the cultivation mode of pharmaceutical logistics talents was put forward.RESULTS CONCLUSIONS:Pharmaceutical logistics talents at different levels,especially the primary level,are in short supply in pharmacy logistics enterprises.Therefore,great importance should be attached to the developing of comprehensive quality in pharmaceutical logistics talents and the setting up of cultivation system at different levels.


While economists have extensively studied crowing out in the context of donations to charity, the question of whether public financing for political campaigns crowds out private donations remains unanswered. Seattle's Democracy Vouchers program, which provides public financing for municipal campaigns in the form of vouchers that registered voters can donate to campaigns, provides a unique setting that I use to answer this question. In this paper, I use difference-in-differences to study the extent of crowding out resulting from Democracy Vouchers. I estimate that each dollar of government spending reduced private contributions by about $0.29. The program increases total campaign contributions and expenditures and small donations while decreasing large donations. Crowding out was incomplete, indicating that public financing can substantially increase total campaign funding and that donors behave similarly in political and charitable settings.


Cyber university is a new field that can overcome the limitation of present education criteria. Student can receive learning in anywhere and anytime using information communication infrastructure. But, many researches in field of cyber university concentrate on development of solutions based application level. These solutions lack a flexibility and adaptability to be adapted in various environment of education. In our research, we propose a framework that is not application level in solution for cyber university. This framework is designed using CORBA that is standard in distributed object middleware. The CORBA based framework can be integrated with other systems easily. The framework is mainly composed by four components. Course manager maintains all learning materials using workflow concepts. Student manager maintains profile and conditions of learning for each student. Intelligent agent determines learning step and coarse using student's condition dynamically. Session manager maintains group activity between lecture and students.


A kind of uncertain nonlinear system with unknown bounded function is analyzed. And a kind of common integral control is used to cope with the unknown function by taking example of a first order system. And by using of Laypunov stability theorem, we find that the system is stable but the unknown parameter is difficult to estimate and dead zoom will be exist no matter how big control gain is chosen. At last, detailed simulation result is done and the main result of this paper is testified.


With the view of meaning and understanding in cognition,this paper puts forward the teaching principle and methods in listening comprehension to deal with the confusion and difficulties that the American students have in learning Chinese.


Theoretical description of the field emission of electrons from nanoscale objects weakly coupled to the cathode is presented. It is shown that the field- emission current increases in a step-like fashion due to single-electron charging which leads to abrupt changes of the effective electric field responsible for the field emission. A detailed consideration of the current-voltage characteristics is carried out for a nanocluster modelled by a metallic spherical particle in the close vicinity of the cathode and for a cylindrical silicon nanowire grown on the cathode surface.


Coexistence of cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma (CTCL) and a B‐cell malignancy is rare. We report a case of mycosis fungoides (MF) associated with intestinal mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, which is a low‐grade B‐cell lymphoma of marginal cell origin. To the best of our knowledge, there have been only two cases of coexistent CTCL and MALT lymphoma, and this is the first case with typical MF and intestinal MALT lymphoma. The coexistence in our case might be coincidental, but genetic predisposition and the immunoregulatory capacity of neoplastic T lymphocytes may be factors contributing to this association.


A model for the prediction of the network information dissemination is put forward to change the information dissemination default in the micro-blog network. Through predicting the micro-blog forwarding and analyzing the preprocessing of the online public opinion data, we build a RPT Network Communication Model. And in order to know the prediction ability on the communication rate of the model, we carried out a simulation experiment test by putting both the real data and the predicted data on the same timeline, the result of which shows that this model can simulate the information dissemination process in the rear network


Monitoring performance in cervical screening programmes is intended to reveal laboratories with pick-up rates for significant abnormalities that fall below recommended levels. Dr Heather Mitchell from the screening programme in Victoria, (see page 77), confronted by this situation, investigates whether it could have arisen because the laboratories in question were screening a low-risk population of women. In fact, the highgrade detection rate for these laboratories nearly doubled in smear tests taken subsequently within a three-year period and there were 9 cases of cancer of the cervix over this time scale compared to 5.2 expected cases. She concludes that these results do not support the hypothesis that the lower detection rate was due to the presence of a low-risk population. Interestingly, most of the laboratories in question were small and a variety of measures could be taken to resolve the problems.


The Greer Archive has been made available due to its historical and research importance. Statements which form part of the collection are not made on behalf of the University and do not represent the University s views. It contains material that some researchers might find confronting. This includes: explicit language and images that reflect either the attitudes of the era in which the material was originally published or the views of the creators of the material but may not be considered appropriate today; names, images and voices of deceased Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in published and unpublished printed material, audio recordings and photographs; graphic descriptions of medical conditions and treatment.
This series, Microfilm and Slides, comprises five unit of visual material including 28 sets of colour slides (35mm), 32 reels of microfilm (35mm) and one piece of microfilm with 3 frames, 35mm.
All materials have been rehoused with minimal intervention. Microfilm reels have been removed from their original boxes, loosened on the reel and rehoused in groups into appropriate archival grade containers. Where important information is contained on the microfilm boxes this information has been retained and housed separately, and in some cases a photocopy of the original has been created.
All slides are held within individual slide mounts and rehoused into appropriate archival grade sleeves. Upon accession many of the slides were contained in plastic slide boxes, these boxes have not been retained. Any labels on these boxes have been photographed by UMA and included for reference.
Each roll of microfilm or collection of slides [as they were grouped together upon accession] is catalogued as a single item. The order of the series is consistent with the order of the materials when they were received and each item has been given a sequential twelve-digit number to that effect.
While it may be possible to identify date ranges for the materials in this series, it was out of the scope of the processing. Likewise, the listing does not contain information relating to the imagery or subject matter of the materials. Titles do give some indication of the visual content.
Related series: Photographs 1953-2011 [2014.0054]


Business Intelligence (BI) requires the collection and organization of important pieces of information (i.e. entities) from multiple sources to provide valuable insights (e.g. business trends) as events (i.e. a specific happening linked with a specific location and time) to users. Online news articles are one of the important information sources that present business news offered by various companies in the market every day all around the world. These news articles often cover the same events and report redundant information. Existing news platforms aim at collecting the key entities from news articles and providing a mechanism to view the latest and relevant business events based on user interest. However, they do not provide a method to model business events and understand them temporally, spatially, and contextually (i.e. changes in the event). For instance, it is crucial to know for how long a business event has been active? How important is its evolution locally, or worldwide? Or how did different companies come up with this event as competitors in the market? The contribution of this research is the exploration of the possibilities of modeling spatial, temporal, and contextual information evolution related to business events through the application of knowledge graphs and text analytics, more specifically, Natural Language Processing (NLP) methods. The constructed knowledge graphs through Named-Entity Recognition (NER), i.e., an NLP technique, present a compact news representation that tells the key entities of the business event at one glance using linked open data concepts. It enables the assessment of other related news events as well as provides the means for analysis of the influence and evolution of business events.


Geological mapping was conducted within Gua Musang area and streets, drainage, lithology boundary, structures that absent within previous map were updated. GIS application was used to export the data collected from the field. At the end of geological mapping, the geology of Gunong Rabong Forest Reserve can be explained. Shoreline is a very complex, dynamic and delicate environment. The geomorphology processes continuously change the shoreline. Pantai Sabak having series of erosion every year and resulting several damages. In this research, remote sensing and GIS has been used to monitor shoreline position. By using Landsat TM, image of shoreline zone in 2000, 2005, 2012 and 2013 are mapped. Wind speed and wind direction influence the shoreline changes. The wind rose diagram showing dominant wind direction that comes from east part, 76 - 105° and being classified as number 12 in Beaufort scale that is the highest level. Shoreline map analysis was generated to identify the shoreline movement. In 2013 there is highly increase in distance of shoreline changes almost 400m compared in year 2000.


In the article problems of the developed system of vocational training are considered and the conclusion about need of the changes answering to new calls, approaches to managements and competence of public servants is drawn. The purposes and problems of such improvement are considered, new approaches to the organization of training and its contents are offered.


Abstract Tropical plants show a diversity of growth forms, yet few phylogenies are available to examine the transitions between trees, shrubs, and lianas. Here, we reconstruct relationships among 37 species of Ayenia, Byttneria, and Rayleya with cpDNA sequences, and use the resulting phylogeny to test hypotheses on the evolution of climbing plants and to examine biogeography of these plants. Results show that Rayleya is sister to a combined clade of Ayenia and Byttneria; Byttneria is paraphyletic with Ayenia nested within it. The common ancestor of the combined Ayenia/Byttneria/Rayleya clade is reconstructed as a neotropical tree or shrub. Within the Ayenia/Byttneria clade, there is a single transition to unarmed lianas, with subsequent radiations into the Asian and African tropics. A second independent transition from trees or shrubs to spiny, semi-scandent shrubs occurred in the neotropics. We found no evidence of transitions from lianas to any other growth form; however, we recovered a reversal from semi-scandent shrubs to fully upright plants. Within the neotropics, there are two independent radiations into seasonal, open habitats. Additional sampling of African species of Byttneria may yield more complicated scenarios in both biogeography and the evolution of growth forms.


Objective To evaluate the changes of serum insulinlike growth factor-1 and left ventricular mass index in patients with essential hypertension before and after 6 months treatment by lisinopril.Methods Sixty patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension suffering from essential hypertension(EH group) and 60 healthy people(NC group) were selected.The serum insulin-like growth factor-1 level was measured with immunoradiometry and left ventricular mass index was determined with echocardiography.Results Compared with NC group[(132.53±35.62) ng/mL],the level of insulin-like growth factor-1 in EH group [(207.70±79.21)ng/mL] was significantly higher(P0.01).The levels of left ventricular mass index were(150.67±25.48)kg/m~2,(101.32±13.56)kg/m~2 respectively(P0.05).After 6 months treatment with lisinopril,serum insulin-like growth factor-1 was reduced to(156.82±36.40)ng/mL(P0.01) while left ventricular mass index was decreased to(112.01±22.34)kg/m~2(P0.05).Conclusion The patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension have the high levels of serum insulin-like growth factor-1 and left ventricular mass index.Lisinopril can decrease serum insulin-like growth factor-1 and regress left ventricular hypertrophy.


AGE: 16 When we practice a movement over and over again, we perform better, partly because we develop new motor memories, or representations, in our brains. We will not perform better if we cannot store motor representations in our brains. People who play sports or people who dance, for example, have to develop motor representations by repeating the same movements over and over, so they can perform them in di erent situations. The creation of better and better motor representations as we practice a movement is called motor adaptation. Motor representations are formed and stored in the brain, just like ourmemories of people and events.Motor representations for familiar movements, like brushing teeth, are located in a part of the brain called the left parietal lobe. We wanted to find out if motor representations for other movements are located in the left, but not the right, parietal lobe. So, we compared themotor adaptation of pointing responses in patients with left or right parietal lobe damage. We found that motor adaptation was impaired after


Despite the presence of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in the tumor microenvironment, the majority of immunogenic human colon cancers do not respond to immune checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy and microsatellite instable (MSI) tumors are not naturally eliminated. The molecular mechanism underlying the inactivity of tumor-infiltrating CTLs is unknown. We report here that CTLs are present in both MSI and microsatellite stable (MSS) colon tumors. The expression of the H3K9me3-specific histone methyltransferase SUV39H1 is significantly elevated in human colon carcinoma as compared to normal colon tissues. Using a mouse colon carcinoma model, we further determined that tumor-infiltrating CTLs in the colon tumor microenvironment express high levels of SUV39H1. To target SUV39H1 in the tumor microenvironment, a virtual chemical library was screened based on the SET domain structure of human SUV39H1 protein. Functional enzymatic activity assays identified a small molecule that inhibits SUV39H1 enzymatic activity. Based on the structure of this small molecule, we modified it and chemically synthesized a novel small molecule, termed F5446, which has an EC50 of 0.496 μM for SUV39H1 enzymatic activity. H3K9me3 is enriched in the promoters of GZMB, PRF1, FASLG and IFNG in quiescent T cells. F5446 inhibits H3K9me3, thereby upregulating expression of these effectors in tumor-infiltrating CTLs and suppressing colon carcinoma growth in a CD8+ CTL-dependent manner in vivo. Our data indicate that SUV39H1 represses CTL effector expression and, in doing so, confers colon cancer immune escape. Citation Format: Chunwan Lu, Dafeng Yang, John D. Klement, II Kyu Oh, Natasha M. Savage, Jennifer L. Waller, Aaron H. Colby, Mark W. Grinstaff, Nicholas H. Oberlies, Cedric Pearce, Zhiliang Xie, Samuel Kulp, Christopher Coss, Mitch A. Phelps, Thomas Albers, Iryna O. Lebedyeva, Kebin Liu. The SUV39H1-H3K9me3 pathway represses cytotoxic T lymphocyte effector expression to confer colon carcinoma immune escape [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2018 Nov 27-30; Miami Beach, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2020;8(4 Suppl):Abstract nr A32.


Directive 93/7/EEC created a legal framework for the return of cultural goods illegally removed from the territory of a Member State. The procedure for the return of cultural goods proved to be ineffective for numerous reasons, including a very narrow definition of a cultural good, flawed instruments of administrative cooperation, or risky court proceedings connected with the indemnification of the possessor. Directive 2015/60/EU is a new step towards the creation of an effective European system of return of cultural goods. Pursuant to the new directive each Member State can now define which cultural goods constitute national treasures. The directive has also provided for the creation of new, electronic means of fostering administrative cooperation, while court proceedings have been amended to minimize the aforementioned legal risks. Thus, once the new directive has been implemented by Member States, the result may be a greater number of returns of illegally exported cultural goods, based on adherence to its provisions.


ABSTRACT A polymorphism in the gene encoding CCR2 is associated with a delay in progression to AIDS in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals. The polymorphism, CCR2-64I, changes valine 64 of CCR2 to isoleucine. However, it is not clear whether the effect on AIDS progression results from the amino acid change or whether the polymorphism marks a genetically linked, yet unidentified mutation that mediates the effect. Because the gene encoding CCR5, the major coreceptor for HIV type 1 primary isolates, lies 15 kb 3′ toCCR2, linked mutations in the CCR5 promoter or other regulatory sequences could explain the association ofCCR2-64I with slowed AIDS pathogenesis. Here, we show thatCCR2-64I is efficiently expressed on the cell surface but does not have dominant negative activity on CCR5 coreceptor function. A panel of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from uninfected donors representing the various CCR5/CCR2 genotypes was assembled. Activated primary CD4+ T cells ofCCR2 64I/64I donors expressed cell surface CCR5 at levels comparable to those of CCR2 +/+ donors. A slight reduction in CCR5 expression was noted, although this was not statistically significant. CCR5 and CCR2 mRNA levels were nearly identical for each of the donor PBMC, regardless of genotype. Cell surface CCR5 and CCR2 levels were more variable than mRNA transcript levels, suggesting that an alternative mechanism may influence CCR5 cell surface levels. CCR2-64I is linked to the CCR5 promoter polymorphisms 208G, 303A, 627C, and 676A; however, in transfected promoter reporter constructs, these did not affect transcriptional activity. Taken together, these findings suggest that CCR2-64I does not act by influencing CCR5transcription or mRNA levels.


p53 protein is a key regulator of cellular homeostasis by coordinating framework of anti-proliferative pathways as a response to various stress factors. Although the main mechanism of stress-dependent induction of p53 protein relies on posttranslational modifications influencing its stability and activity, a growing number of evidences suggest that complex regulation of p53 expression occurs also at the mRNA level. This study explore structural determinants of long-range RNA-RNA interaction in p53 mRNA, crucial for stress-dependent regulation of p53 protein translation. We demonstrate that the eight nucleotide bulge motif plays a key structural role in base pairing of complementary sequences from the 5' and 3' untranslated regions of p53 mRNA. We also show that one of the p53 translation regulators, nucleolin, displays an RNA chaperone activity and facilitates the association of sequences involved in the formation of long-range interaction in p53 mRNA. Mutational analysis reveal that all four RNA recognition motifs are indispensable for optimal RNA chaperone activity of nucleolin. These observations help to decipher the unique mechanism of p53 protein translation regulation pointing bulge motif and nucleolin as the critical factors during intramolecular RNA-RNA recognition in p53 mRNA.


When the Central Yunnan Province Water Transfer Project and the western route of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project reach to their respective planned flow rates, the annual runoff in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River will decrease by about 20.4 billion m3. An optimal cascade dispatching model was developed to quantitatively evaluate the impact of the two water transfer projects on hydropower generation of completed, under construction and proposed power plants. The float-encoding genetic algorithm was used to solve the multi-objective nonlinear model. The simulations show that the two water transfer projects will exert considerable influence on the power generation of fifteen power plants (from the Tuoding Power Plant to the Gezhouba Power Plant). If the two water transfer projects are fully online the total annual power generation of the fifteen power plants will decrease by 14%. The yearly power generation reduction of the Three Gorges Power Plant will be 4%.


Web search is an essential task for internet users to find information for daily activities; however, little research addresses the differentiated usage patterns and search query composition patterns for different demographics of search users. This paper hopes to continue to broaden the understanding of the digital divide to include search query composition patterns associated with different demographics of users. By understanding the search query composition patterns, particularly with searches for educational and employment opportunities, we hope to create a framework for understanding and studying algorithmic discrimination based on usage patterns. As a first step, we conducted an exploratory online search activity in which participants entered three unique search queries for each of five prompts and then answered demographic questions and internet usage questions. By correlating micro-trends from the search queries to the demographics of the participants, we hope to provide a foundation to understand possible demographic differences in search queries.


OBJECTIVES: To determine the socio-demographic, clinical and QOL profiles of patients with RA at KNH. STUDY DESIGN: This is was a cross-sectional descriptive study. STUDY SITE: The study was conducted on patients attending the medical outpatient clinic at KNH.


The development of improved conductors and reinforcement materials is instrumental for the achievement of ultra-high fields with monolithic magnets. They have the advantage that there is no coupling between the coils of the traditional two-coil systems, and that the magnet can be built much smaller, and it has longer pulse times. The fields that can be achieved are determined by the strain limitation of the conductor, and the strength and stiffness of the reinforcement. We have investigated the material requirements for this type of magnet to define the objectives for material development. It follows that future material development activities for reliable 100 T magnets should focus on conductors with the following specifications (all values are at 77 K): a) Ultimate conductor strength of 1.2GPa, b) Conductivity of 500 percent IACS, c) 10 percent strain to failure, d) Fatigue strength of 1 GPa at about 5000 full load cycles from tensile stress at peak pulse to compressive stress after the pulse of about 0.6 GPa. It is equally important to improve the reinforcement materials. At the NHMFL, we use with great success a combination of Zylon fiber and MP35N superalloy. We have increased the isotropic strength of MP35N at 77 K to 2.6 GPa (modulus 240 GPa), and are working on further improvements.


A part of the sentence just before Eq. (1) in our previous Letter [Opt. Lett. 36, 451 (2011)] was incorrect and is corrected here.