Sr0.96Al2O4∶Eu0.02,Dy0.02,B0.08,as a long afterglow luminescent material,was synthesized via solid-state reaction and different temperature annealing.The phosphors were then characterized using X-ray diffraction,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,fluorescence spectrophotometer and thermal luminescent spectroscopy.The simulations for the afterglow curves and thermal luminescent spectra suggest the sample suffered the 1350 ℃/4h second annealing having the longest decay time constant and highest traped electronic concentration,and thus generatinge the highest brightness within the whole experiment time.Further more,the rapid and slow exponential decay components can be attributed to the releases of the electrons from V˙ ˙O and DySr˙ traps,respectively.The thermal luminescent spectra from the curve fitting technique indicate that the lower the kinetic order is,the more remarkable the localized property of the trapped electron will be.A localized state can be formed under the conduction band and the trap depth can subsequently be reduced.At the same time,the frequency factor becomes small leading the life time of the electron in the trap to increases.


At present, after passing the conventional education, students of architectural trimming major demonstrate poor practical ability in real work and are unable to deal with practical application. Therefore, the integration of skills competition and conventional training should be widely concerned and adopted. This paper mainly discusses about the importance of the integration and analyzes the concrete problems and find out relevant solutions so as to promote the integration and lay a solid foundation for students to work smoothly. Keywords-Conventional Training; Skills Competition; Architectural Trimming Project; Integration; Practice


Biochemical parameters of iron metabolism have been examined in 36 newborns born to mothers with normal iron metabolism and in 58 healthy children aged under one year. Normal values of serum iron, serum transferrin and ferritin, and of transferrin saturation with iron in newborns and infants aged under one are presented.


In this paper, the performance of a photonic beamforming network based on phase shift for microwave applications is analysed. The proposed beamforming network elements are realised as Si-photonic integrated circuits, exhibiting large phase shift (> 360°) and limited amplitude fluctuations (~ 3 dB). Extremely low signal distortion is demonstrated, by emulating the transmission of a 1-GHz chirped signal by a 4-element phased array antenna operating beam steering, driven by the proposed beamforming network.


Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia peripheral blood mononuclear cells (CLL‐PBMN) were separated into B, T and Null‐enriched lymphocyte sub‐populations using sequential mouse and sheep red blood cell rosetting depletions on Hypaque–Ficoll gradients. The procedure produced viable cell populations with mean percentage purities of 90, 87 and 75 for B, T and non‐rosetting (Null‐enriched) sub‐populations, respectively. More than 80% of PBMN cells were generally accounted for by mouse and sheep rosetting.


Objective To evaluate a better histological method for distinguishing the histological differences of implant-bone interface.Three different staining methods were used to stain undecalcified ground section with implant.Methods Undecalcified ground sections with implant were collected which has been buried in tibia of Beagle dog for8 weeks.The sections were stained by three different methods respectively: methylene blue-acid fuchsin,Goldner's trichrome and toluidine.Microscope analysis has been performed on the implant-bone interface of each ground section to evaluate the histological difference.Results A clear implant-bone interface,as well as the osteoblasts,nucleus and osteoid had been distinctively demonstrated in the section stained by methylene blue-acid fuchsin.There was a relatively blurring delimitation between the new bone and the old bone.In the section stained by Goldner's trichrome,the different stages of calcification were clearly shown,whereas the osteocytes were unclear and had an unclear boundary with the osteoid.In the toluidine blue stained section the delimitation between the new bone and the lamellar bone was shown,whereas the implant-bone interface was blurring and the osteocytes were unclear too.Conclusion The Goldner's trichrome and the toluidine blue are more suitable for showing the status of osteogenesis,and the former is better in showing the different stage of calcification.The Goldner's trichrome and methylene blue-acid fuchsin are better when displaying the implant-bone interface.The methylene blue-acid fuchsin is more suitable for the cytological analysis on ground section with implant.


Fingerprint indexing has been extensively studied, and a number of approaches have been proposed in the literature. However, the vast majority of proposed approaches are based on original fingerprint templates without applying any protection mechanism. Secure fingerprint indexing algorithm has been rarely investigated. This paper presents a secure fingerprint indexing algorithm whose security is enhanced by a standard encryption algorithm. The proposed approach generates a binary template and creates an index space based on encrypted minutiae information. No original biometric information needs to be stored in the database, thus the adversary is unable to reverse the plain minutiae information without knowing the secret key. According to our experiments on both public datasets and a large-scale synthetic dataset, the proposed approach still maintains a very good performance in terms of low pre-selection error rate at small penetration rate.


The purpose of the present study was to compare perceived body image profiles in Mexican university students according to gender. A total sample of 871 women (mean age = 20.39; SD = 2.02) and 706 men (mean age = 20.96; SD = 2.29) were selected for the study. A quantitative approach with a descriptive and transversal survey design was used. Results of the one-way multivariate analysis of variance, followed by one-way univariate analyses of variance, showed that compared with men, women present greater dissatisfaction with their body image. Due to the differences between men and women underlined in our study, we suggest to take into account gender while designing any intervention aiming to improve body image


In this paper we describe the optimization of a facility layout scenario, which involves coupling simulation with the optimization environment HeuristicLab. For this purpose we show a problem formulation that acts as an interface between these two domains of problem modeling and optimization, and discuss optimization methodologies and their results for a number of artificial test problems as well as more complex real-world problems. HeuristicLab was designed with both practitioners and algorithm developers in mind. Practitioners benefit from a graphical user interface that facilitates so-called interactive algorithm engineering, where algorithms can be adjusted without actually writing code. Algorithm developers are aided in the development process by the plug-in based, easily extensible architecture and integrated parallelization functionality.


Sub-pixel movement detection is an under-sampling problem. The basic idea for successful detection is to spread out the information over a larger sampling region. Diffraction provides a natural way to spread out the information; however, conventional digital holographic methods are not effective for extracting sub-pixel accuracy. Here we show how to apply compressive reconstruction to the same problem effectively. Compressed sensing is a new framework to systematically find highly accurate solutions to an under-sampled linear system. To guarantee the accuracy of reconstruction result, compressed sensing requires that the unknown has to be sparse in some predetermined basis. In our study, for the one dimensional sub-pixel movement detection, we propose to use the derivative operator as the sparsifying basis. We implemented the derivative operator to the hologram and applied a sparsity constraint on the object derivative space for compressive holography. Together with spectrum domain zero-padding, our compressive algorithm allows for sub-pixel accuracy edge localization. The extension to the 2D case is not trivial. It has been shown that the spiral phase mask can serve as an approximate 2D derivative operator in the Fourier domain. In this case, we implemented spiral phase filtering in the hologram spectrum domain. By applying cross-correlation between reconstructions for consecutive subpixel movements, sub-pixel movement was successfully detected. Thesis Supervisor: George Barbastathis Title: Professor


Green time period optimization is essential issue about delay time reduction at signalized intersection. The features of traffic flows are variables in rush and other period of day. Optimal values of green time are that guarantee minimum of delay time. It can be accepted that the values that guarantee that in rush period is can be use in others periods of day. The main issue is being considered in paper is green time period optimization at signalized intersection for minimum delay time according to traffic flows features in rush period. That include comparison between three options of movement diagram and two option of phases for the chosen intersection in Town of Pernik. The application of result will make a lot of benefits both for the traveling and for the environment.


This paper concerns the issues of measurement techniques, analysis and assessment of the machined surface geometric structure. The aim of this work was to show the application of surface analysis in diagnosing the causes of discrepancies occurring in the manufacturing process, which may result from ill-matched (poorly fitting) process parameters. An appropriate system of control and interpretation of results may allow early reaction to unfavorable trends (for example blunting of the tool) and prevention of undesirable defects. The subject of research was a waste basket used in the construction of retaining sewer systems. In this paper, the quality of the waste basket as well as its manufacturing process were analyzed and assessed. The research was carried out with the use of three measurement stands, i.e. optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and white light interferometer (WLI). The surface analysis proved to be important from the viewpoint of outlining the production process as well as improving the product quality. The software used for topographical analysis appeared to be significant for the success of the analysis, providing notable economic effects, namely the lack of defects.


This paper presents an overview of lateral leakage in silicon photonics due to polarization coupling between the guided mode of a ridge waveguide and unguided slab mode in the etched cladding. We explain the physical origins and provide insight into how this effect can be suppressed or harnessed. We show how lateral leakage can manifest as new resonant behaviour and explore this effect in the context of bound states in the continuum. We review a number of applications for devices based on lateral leakage and present outlook for a new generation of polarization manipulators, antennas and filters.


ABSTRACT In this submission, audio features that approximate tim-bre, rhythm and tempo are used for genre classification and music similarity estimation. This abstract describes the feature set, distance computation method, and classi-fier model used for the submitted algorithms. 1. INTRODUCTION In our system, audio data are modeled as long-term ac-cumulative distribution of frame-based spectral features. This is also known as the "bag-of-frames" (BOF) ap-proach wherein audio data are treated as a global distribu-tion of frame occurrences. This approach is widely used in MIREX submissions. For MIREX 2010 genre classifi-cation and audio similarity estimation task, the BOF ap-proach was used for some of the top performing systems[1][2] . The features that are extracted from audio files are ap-proximations of timbre, rhythm and tempo. The feature extraction, distance computation and classification algo-rithms are implemented in MATLAB ® . 2. FEATURE EXTRACTION This section describes the processes involved in feature extraction. More detailed explanation can be found on the cited references.


Controversy continues to surround the management of menopause. Following release of the recent National Institute of Health and Care Excellence (NICE) UK menopause guidelines, which met with general acclaim, there was once again criticism that risks of breast cancer with HRT had been downplayed. The declarations of interest of the guideline development committee were in the public arena and had already been scrutinized as per NICE policy, yet these were still sensationalized by a few epidemiologists and a minority of the media. There is still confusion amongst some physicians and the public as to the precise balance of benefits and risks of hormone therapy and alternatives. Recent guidelines, recommendations and consensus statements are important and are helpful to health-care professionals managing menopause; however, their usefulness is restricted by the available data. There is still therefore a pressing need for more research to clarify areas of controversy and to develop menopause products which maximize benefits and minimize risks.


A novel metamaterial surface with polarization-insensitive and wide-angle operating in a broadband is presented. The metamaterial cell consists of four same e-shaped Split-Ring Resonators (SRRs) arranged in rotating central symmetry. The structure is analyzed and optimized by using CST software. The harvesting efficiencies on the normal and oblique incidences, energy distribution and the S parameters are also investigated. The simulation results show that the maximum harvesting efficiency is 92% at 5.4 GHz with the HPBW (Half Power Beam Width) of 54% (4.7GHz–8.2GHz) for the random polarizations under the normal incidence. On the oblique incidence of 60°, the maximum efficiency is 98.2% and 57.6% for TM and TE modes, respectively. The meta-surface has been fabricated and measured to verify the effectiveness of the broadband, polarization-insensitive and wide-angle energy harvester.


The wind-blown soil region of western Heilongjiang Province is an important commodity grain base in our country.According to the characteristics of the resources and the natural disasters,based on experimentations in the field,the influence of different water supplies on plant height,leaf area,dry matter accumulation and economic coefficient were analyzed to obtain the optimal water supply stage and the water quantity of maize.The results showed that qualified water supply at the former stages with the drip irrigation under plastic film could improve the growing condition of maize to the aim of high and stable yield.The growth trends of maize had been significantly different with the different water supplies at the growing stage.Under the condition of the same water supply,the effect of water supply in the jointing stage was the most significant,and the later seedling stage was in the second and the three leaves stage was at last.


The report of the joint inquiry into train protection by Lord Cullen and Professor John Uff said that the UK's West Coast and East Coast main lines should be equipped with the European Train Control System (ETCS) by 2006 and that other lines should be equipped by 2008. It was clear that this would be damaging to UK railways because of the impact on funding for other purposes and the pressure on signalling resources. The variants of the European Rail Traffic Management System (ERTMS) are outlined. The costs and safety implications of implementing the UFF/Cullen plan mainly using Level 1 ERTMS were compared with those of implementing a Level 2 ERTMS scheme over a longer timescale were examined. The effects on existing rail passengers and train staff, capacity implications, and safety effects were considered. The preferred option was to develop Level 2 allowing most key routes to be fitted by 2015.


Summary This paper presents the HTEM modelling and integration with other geophysical, geochemical (drillholes data) and geological data for two important areas for mineral exploration in Brazil: Quadrilatero Ferrifero – MG and Palmeiropolis – TO. The application of HTEM surveys still is a new investigation approach in Brazil's mining sector. This paper intends to present the state-of-the-art of this methodology in Brazil concerning about public regional surveys and to encourage the application of the method in new studies areas in the country. The HTEM modelling data integrated with airborne magnetic data allowed to understand the sulfides mineralization in both studied areas, which could help to guide the mineral exploitation. The conductors mapped with HTEM could be associated with mineralized sulfides zones (gold in Quadrilatero Ferrifero case and Cu, Zn and Pb in Palmeiropolis case) and the models provided structural information of the mineralization. When integrated with magnetic data, the structural framework of these mineralization zones and their host rocks could be better understood.


The Ninth Congress of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) met in Tokyo in October 1979. 6200 participants reported no recent discoveries or advanced concepts but delineated trends in family planning and birth control. Progress in small steps is being made in reversible methods of contraception: IUDs are being modified for postpartum use: and prostaglandins still hold promise of a self-administered method of bringing on a late period but are not yet practical for widespread use. The gap between the worlds affluent and the poor is ever-growing. Fibre optics and baby monitoring machines were displayed which would cost as much as it does for one poor individual to exist for a lifetime. At a session on social problems in obstetrics the representative from WHO estimated that of the 3 billion babies that will be born into the world between now and the year 2000 2 billion will be delivered by traditional birth attendants. Obstetricians should strive to upgrade the work of granny midwives. The West can learn from traditional practices: the woman who squats or stands when delivering may be in a healthier position than the one who is positioned for the benefit of those attending her.


Hematologic and coagulation studies were determined in 5 species of nonhuman primates, dogs, rabbits and man. The coagulation studies revealed high concentrations of factor VIII and XII in the primates. Although only minor differences were found among the species, these should be considered in choosing an animal model to simulate man. We have chosen the baboon because of its closest similarity to man, ready availability, hardiness, and increasing utility in medical and surgical research.


Efficiency losses of over 200 Btu/KWH have been attributed to sub-optimal control of sootblowers in coal-fired boilers, frequently accounting for over 80% of the controllable losses. For a 500 MW power plant, this translates into yearly costs of over $1 M. The primary impediment to sootblowing optimization to date has been the difficulty associated with modeling the relationship between sootblowing, and boiler efficiency. New advances in neural network technology now provide an attractive approach to address this issue. This paper presents results to date of a project currently under way at DHR Technologies, Inc. (DHR), George Washington University (GWU), and Baltimore Gas and Electric Company (BGE), with funding provided by the Department of Energy (DOE), to develop an Intelligent Controller for Optimized Sootblowing (ICOS). The ICOS system combines a neural network-based process model with an optimization algorithm to provide automated, optimized control of steam or compressed air sootblowers for fossil utility boilers. In Phase I of the project, the proposed optimization approach was tested and validated using data from BGE`s Brandon Shores Station. Phase I quantified the expected savings of the controller and verified the effectiveness of the proposed technical approach. In Phase II, the control algorithm will be incorporatedmore » into DHR`s TOPAZ{trademark} optimization system and interfaced with Brandon Shore`s Diamond Power sootblowing controller, and will be demonstrated and tested for closed-loop, optimal sootblowing control. The savings achieved through use of the ICOS controller during testing will also be quantified.« less


Metal oxide/water interfaces play a crucial role in many electrochemical and photocatalytic processes, such as photoelectrochemical water splitting, the creation of fuel from sunlight, and electrochemical $\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ reduction. First-principles electronic structure calculations can reveal unique insights into these processes, such as the role of the alignment of the oxide electronic energy levels with those of liquid water. An essential prerequisite for the success of such calculations is the ability to predict accurate structural models of these interfaces, which in turn requires careful experimental validation. Here we report a general, quantitative validation protocol for first-principles molecular dynamics simulations of oxide/aqueous interfaces. The approach makes direct comparisons of interfacial x-ray reflectivity (XR) signals from experimental measurements and those obtained from ab initio simulations with semilocal and van der Waals functionals. The protocol is demonstrated here for the case of the ${\mathrm{Al}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}(001)$/water interface, one of the simplest oxide/water interfaces. We discuss the technical requirements needed for validation, including the choice of the density functional, the simulation cell size, and the optimal choice of the thermodynamic ensemble. Our results establish a general paradigm for the validation of structural models and interactions at solid/water interfaces derived from first-principles simulations. While there is qualitative agreement between the simulated structures and the experimental best-fit structure, direct comparisons of simulated and measured XR intensities show quantitative discrepancies that derive from both bulk regions (i.e., alumina and water) as well as the interfacial region, highlighting the need for accurate density functionals to properly describe interfacial interactions. Our results show that XR data are sensitive not only to the atomic structure (i.e., the atom locations) but also to the electron-density distributions in both the substrate and at the interface.


Pediatric chronic pain prevalence rates are now reported between 20-40% (Abu-Afareh et al., 2010; Goodman & McGrath, 1991; Huguet & Miro, 2008; Perquin et al., 2000; Stanford, Chambers, Biesanz, & Chen, 2008). Researchers have found that children with chronic pain report significant functional disability, including significant disruptions at school and work, and psychological difficulties including depression (KashikarZuck, Goldschneider, Powers, Vaught, & Hershey, 2001; Palermo, 2009). The primary objectives of the current dissertation were to describe acceptance of pain along with psychological and pain correlates in a clinical sample of youth with chronic pain and to examine acceptance of pain a moderator of pain-related disability. Fifty-five participants between the ages of 8-17 years (M = 14.36, SD = 2.47) and their parents were recruited from pediatric pain management, neurology, and gastrointestinal clinics at a children's hospital housed within a university medical center in the Pacific Northwest. The total child sample consisted of 41 females (74.5%) and 14 males (25.5%), who reported mean pain duration as 2.28 years (SD = 2.44). The most commonly reported ethnic groups were Caucasian (n = 36, 65.5%) and Mixed Ethnicity (n = 8, 14.5%). Participants completed online surveys, which included demographic information, pain characteristic information (i.e., pain intensity and frequency), the Pain Catastrophizing Scale – Child Version (PCS-C-C), the Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure (CAMM), the Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire – Adolescent Version (CPAQ-A), the Child Activity Limitations Interview (CALI-21), and the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI). Results indicated that participants reported moderate to high levels of pain and 69% of participants reported daily pain. Correlational findings indicated a significant positive correlation between pain intensity and functional disability. Chronic pain acceptance ratings were positively correlated with general mindfulness ratings, but negatively correlated with depressive symptoms and pain catastrophizing. General mindfulness ratings were also negatively correlated with depressive symptoms and pain catastrophizing. Participants' depressive symptoms and pain catastrophizing were also positively correlated. Results of hierarchical regression models indicated that participants' typical pain intensity ratings were the strongest predictor of functional disability scores. It was hypothesized that chronic pain acceptance would uniquely and significantly predict functional disability. However, results indicated that while an overall model including pain intensity, child age, gender, and pain-specific acceptance was highly associated with functional disability scores, neither pain-specific acceptance nor general mindfulness scores uniquely predicted functional disability scores. Pain-specific acceptance did not moderate the relationship between depression and functional disability or between pain catastrophizing and functional disability. Although these results suggest that pain-specific acceptance and general mindfulness are not associated with functional disability within a pediatric chronic pain population, methodological issues within the current study suggest results should be interpreted with caution. Moreover, extant literature suggests that acceptance-based approaches are indeed effective in decreasing functional disability related to pediatric chronic pain. Degree Type Dissertation Rights Terms of use for work posted in CommonKnowledge. This dissertation is available at CommonKnowledge: http://commons.pacificu.edu/spp/1115 Comments Library Use: LIH This dissertation is available at CommonKnowledge: http://commons.pacificu.edu/spp/1115 Copyright and terms of use If you have downloaded this document directly from the web or from CommonKnowledge, see the "Rights" section on the previous page for the terms of use. If you have received this document through an interlibrary loan/document delivery service, the following terms of use apply: Copyright in this work is held by the author(s). You may download or print any portion of this document for personal use only, or for any use that is allowed by fair use (Title 17, §107 U.S.C.). Except for personal or fair use, you or your borrowing library may not reproduce, remix, republish, post, transmit, or distribute this document, or any portion thereof, without the permission of the copyright owner. [Note: If this document is licensed under a Creative Commons license (see "Rights" on the previous page) which allows broader usage rights, your use is governed by the terms of that license.] Inquiries regarding further use of these materials should be addressed to: CommonKnowledge Rights, Pacific University Library, 2043 College Way, Forest Grove, OR 97116, (503) 352-7209. Email inquiries may be directed to:. firstname.lastname@example.com This dissertation is available at CommonKnowledge: http://commons.pacificu.edu/spp/1115 The Role of Acceptance and Mindfulness in Pediatric Chronic Pain Outcomes by Sophia Grewal, M.S. A dissertation submitted to the faculty of Pacific University School of Professional Psychology In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Psychology December 13, 2013 Dissertation Chair: Susan T. Li, Ph.D. Dissertation Reader: Anna C. Wilson, Ph.D. © Copyright by Sophia Grewal, 2013


Calcium (Ca) and Phosphorus (P) are closely related to the reproductive abilities of ruminants, especially female cattle; calves, pregnant and dry cattle. Especially in pregnant cattle, these elements are used for fetal growth in addition to maintain the condition of the parent body. The levels of Ca and P in the blood of livestock are strongly influenced by the levels of Ca and P in plants and in the soil where the plants grow. The aim of the study was to determine the status of Ca and P minerals in balinese calves, pregnant and dry balinese cattle which were raised by farmers in the Mataram City, West Nusa Tenggara. Blood samples of 3 ml from 12 balinese calves, 32 pregnant balinese cattles, and 19 dry balinese cattles were accommodated in vacuum tubes. Moreover, 100 g amount of forage were collected by using spot diagonal sampling technique in the feed place of each livestock. And the example of the soil where the forage grew by taking 500 g amount of soil as a composite of representatives of several soil samples from various locations. The results showed that the levels of Ca in the blood of calves were 2.87 ± 0.99 mg / dL; pregnant cattle 2.88 ± 0.85 mg / dL; and dry cattle 2.82 ± 1.2 mg / dL. And the levels of P in the blood of calves were 18.3 ± 2.8 mg / dL; pregnant cattle 21.7 ± 8.2 mg / dL; and dry cattle19.7 ± 3.9 mg / dL. The conclusion of the results is the status of Ca in the blood of female balinese cattle in the city of Mataram is deficient, and the status of P is excessive.


AIMS Catumaxomab is the first EMEA approved trifunctional anti-EpCAM×anti-CD3 antibody for the treatment of cancer patients with malignant ascites. A phase II pharmacokinetic study was conducted to determine local and systemic antibody concentrations and anti-drug antibody (ADA) development. METHODS Thirteen cancer patients with symptomatic malignant ascites were treated with four ascending doses of 10, 20, 50, and 150 µg catumaxomab intraperitoneally (i.p.) infused on days 0, 3, 6 or 7 and 10. The pharmacokinetics of catumaxomab were studied by implementation of supportive data from a non clinical mouse tumour model. Additionally, ADA development was monitored. RESULTS Ten out of 13 patients were evaluable for pharmacokinetic analysis. Catumaxomab became increasingly concentrated in ascites during the course of treatment, attaining effective concentrations in the ng ml−1 range. Catumaxomab remained immunologically active even after several days in the circulation. The observed systemic catumaxomab exposure was low (<1%), with a maximal median plasma concentration (Cmax) of 403 pg ml−1. The mean elimination half-life in the plasma was 2.13 days. All patients developed ADA, but not before the last infusion. High observed inter-individual variability and low systemic exposure may be explained by the inverse correlation between tumour burden, effector cell numbers and systemic antibody bioavailability as demonstrated in a defined mouse tumour model. CONCLUSIONS Based on the high and effective local concentrations, low systemic exposure and acceptable safety profile, we confirmed that the i.p. application scheme of catumaxomab for the treatment of malignant ascites is appropriate.


Objective: To produce theoretical study about comparisons of cognitive and methodological aspects involved in the performance of Towers of Hanoi and London in normal individuals. Method: Narrative review of the literature. Results: The performances in these instruments do not share the expected variance due to the apparent similarities in your structure and solution demand. Correlations significant, however moderate, among the two towers performance, were found reflecting the average of 75% of the nonshared variance. Conclusions: Both towers recruit different executive processes for task solution and cannot be used as exchangeable instruments. Key-words Executive functions, planning, Tower of London, Tower of Hanoi. Recebido 10/04/2007 Aprovado 20/07/2007 OS 3670 J Bras Psiq 56_2.indd 134 26/9/2007 17:43:37 J Bras Psiquiatr, 56(2): 134-139, 2007 135 Torre de Londres e Torre de Hanói: avaliação do funcionamento reVisÃo De LiterAturA


Lithium Cobaltate (LiCoO2) Films Were Prepared on the (001), (110), (110) and (112) Planes of Al2O3 Single Crystals Substrates by Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition, and the Phases, Orientated Textures and Surface Morphologies Were Examined. (001)-Oriented LiCoO2 Films Were Obtained on (001) and (110) Al2O3 Substrates, while (018)- and (104)-Oriented LiCoO2 Films Were Grown on (110) and (112) Al2O3 Substrate. Triangular and Elongated Rectangular Faceted Structures Were Directionally Aligned, and (001)- and (018)-Oriented Grains Were Epitaxially Grown on (001) and (110) Al2O3 Substrates. Randomly Arranged Polygonal Faceted Structures Were Observed in the (001)-Oriented Licoo2 Film on (110) Al2O3 Substrate, while Locally Inhomogeneous Grains Were Observed in the (104)-Oriented LiCoO2 Film on (1_,12) Al2O3 Substrate.


Certain points of technique when using the tube should be noted. The shoulder of the tube is meant to be positioned just short of the laryngeal opening. When this is being done, a mental note is made of the position of the end of the connecting limb of the tube relative to the upper gum margin. This enables the anzesthetist to avoid altering the depth of insertion of the tube during its fixation. The correct position of the shoulder will ensure an adequate length of tube beyond the cricoid level, yet avoid the possibility of the tube reaching the carina. It is not intended that the shoulder of the tube should be pushed against the laryngeal opening. When tracheal toilet is required, Warne's Nos 2 and 3 Portsmouth pattern IV/R tubes are recommended. The tip of these suction catheters will surmount the shoulder if the catheter is rotated to and fro during insertion down the tube. A drop of water on the end of the catheter acts as a lubricant. Intubation is facilitated by the use of a gum elastic or plastic bougie as a guide, as recommended for Oxford pattern tubes. The use of a mouth pack to further stabilise the tube after positioning is often advisable, especially during that type of surgery when the baby's head is difficult of access and subject to movement. The absence of a taper on the endotracheal portion of the tube reduces the hazard of post-intubation subglottic oedema due to an inadvertent tight fit . A short bevel and terminal side aperture reduces the risk of obstruction due to 'bevelling'. These tubes are supplied individually packed and sterile by William Warne & Co Ltd, Barking, Essex.


The non-local spin injection technique in lateral spin valves (LSVs) has provided not only scientific interests to study spin transport and relaxation in a nanowire but also potential spintronic device applications. The non-local method involves no charge-current flow but spin accumulation in the nonmagnetic wire. In order to increase the output signal, related to the spin accumulation splitting for electrochemical potential, efficient spin injection into nonmagnet from ferromagnet as well as high applied current are indispensable. The spin resistance mismatch between the ferromagnet and the nonmagnet needs to be overcome by using high interface resistance such as tunnel barrier for the efficient spin injection, while a low junction resistance is preferred for applying high current. In this talk, I will discuss a guideline to design metallic LSVs with high output signal. The interface resistance of around 0.1 Ωμm2, several orders of magnitude smaller than that of a typical tunnel junction, could effectively overcome the spin resistance mismatch in the metallic system [1] and leads to the giant spin accumulation signal over 200 μV in LSVs with NiFe/MgO/Ag junctions [2,3]. The Hanle effect measurements demonstrate a long-distance collective 2π spin precession along the 10 μm long Ag wire. This result will accelerate the development of novel spintronic devices utilizing the pure spin current and the spin accumulation.


(1970). The Speech of Deaf and Partially-Hearing Children with Special Reference to Factors Affecting Intelligibility. British Journal of Disorders of Communication: Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 126-140.


After an outburst that lasted more than 2.3 years (starting around June 12th., 2007; Palmer et al., ATel #1113), the neutron star transient and atoll source 4U 1608-52 has returned to quiescence. The source was last detected by Swift-BAT, RXTE-PCA and RXTE-ASM on September 14th. (~0.006 BAT c/s/cm2), September 19th. (~3.5 mCrab) and October 5th. (~1.4 ASM c/s), 2009, respectively. We obtained daily Swift-XRT observations since October 20th.


Extensible authentication protocol is a gerenal authentication protocol over PPP. It can support a lot of authentication machanisms. This paper dissects the design and implementation of EAP over PPP on the basis of PPP meachanism.


Abstract This investigation focuses on the aerodynamic effects caused by acceleration and retardation. It shows that, when an object is accelerated in a compressible fluid, the aerodynamic forces and moments experienced by the object at any instantaneous Mach number are different to those, experienced at the same Mach number, when the object moves at constant velocity. A supersonic biconvex aerofoil was chosen, with Fluent as the computational fluid dynamic (CFD) software. Constant velocity (steady state) simulations were conducted at Mach numbers ranging from 0.1 to 1.6 for the aerofoil. The aerofoil was then accelerated at 1041 m/s2 (106 g) and 86.77 m/s2 (8.845 g), starting at Mach 0.1, and decelerated at −1041 and −86.77 m/s2, starting at Mach 1.6, through the same range of Mach numbers using time-dependent (unsteady) simulations. Significant differences were shown between the steady and the unsteady cases with the greatest differences observed in the transonic region. In this region, for each specific Mach number, acceleration-dependant variations in the position of the shock wave on the upper surface of the aerofoil were also observed. This was used to explain the great differences in the aerodynamic forces and moments between the steady and the unsteady cases in the transonic region.


The end of excellence? J W Todd, FRCP ...................... 1130 DNCB, chemical laboratory workers, and chloramphenicol R J Pye, MRCP, and J L Burton, MD...... 1130 Reactions to current influenza vaccine TW Hoskins,MB ...................... 1131 Side effects of prazocin M J Bendall, MRCP; C Rosendorff, MRCP. 1131 Chemotherapy in breast cancer J Wilkinson .......................... 1132 Compulsory seat belts M J W Barker, MA .................... 1132 Neonatal electrocardiogram H Watson, FRCP; D P Southall, MRCP ...... 1132 "Press that bruise" P J Kirk, MB .......................... 1132 Hyposensitisation with house dust mite vaccine in bronchial asthma J Gaddie, MD, and others ........ ........ 1132 Risk of venepuncture D Kohn, MD, and others ........ ........ 1133 Thyrotoxic vomiting P Skrabanek, LAH; B I Chazan, FRCP...... 1133 Coronary artery disease and coalworkers' pneumoconiosis G S Andrews, FRCPATH ................ 1133 Professional standards M C T Morrison, FRCS .................. 1133 Traumatic rupture of ear drum D McCracken, FRCP .................... 1133 Direct translation H-D Pache, MD ....................... 1134 Oculo-mucocutaneous reactions to 5-adrenoceptor antagonists J C Petrie, MRCP ...................... 1134 Misuse of tubular elasticated bandages J B Bourke, FRCS ...................... 1134 In vitro lymphocyte reactivity during pregnancy Y W Loke, MD, and others .............. 1134 Intravenous and aerosol salbutamol S P Deacon, MB ....................... 1134 Can hepatitis B be transmitted sexually? N R Grist, FRCPED ...................... 1134 Propranolol absorption in Crohn's disease and coeliac disease B T Cooper, MRCP, and others.......... 1135 Sedatives and driving J M Plumb, MRCP ...................... 1135 Detection of paraquat in urine B Widdop, PHD .............. 1135 White coat D J Vicary, MRCP ....... ....... 1135 Not cricket J P Sparks, MD .................... 1135 The hospitals we need P R J Vickers, FRCS ................... 1135 Closure of cottage hospitals DM Baker,MD ................... 1136 Unpopular specialties FM Lanigan-O'Keeffe, MD .............. 1136 JHDA and HJSC D F H Gueret Wardle, MRCP, and others.. 1136 Loss of earnings through committee attendances G S Duncan, MRCGP ................... 1137 Health Service charges V Cooper, MB ................... 1137 Hospital practitioner grade W D Waller, MB, DO ................... 1137 National Insurance deductions J W Jackson, FRcs ................... 1137 Pay differentials A A McInnes, MRCGP .................. 1137 BMA and HCSA Margaret C Watkinson, MB .............. 1137 Suspended consultant A J G Davis, MB ................... 1137 Royal Medical Benevolent Fund Christmas appeal Sir Geoffrey Bateman, FRCS .............. 1137


Background: Falls in older people is a common serious health problem that has profound impact on overall health and quality of life of older people. The aim of this study was to assess the fall risk among older adults.
Methods: The descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among older adults residing in Bharatpur, Chitwan. A total of 98 older adults were selected by using simple random sampling technique. The data were collected by using structured interview schedule and fall risk was assessed by Timed Up and Go (TUG) test. Data were collected from 23rd June, 2019 to 7th July, 2019. Obtained data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.
Results: The study findings revealed that more than half (60.2%) of the older adults were from the age group of ≤79 years, male (63.3%) and almost half (50%) were illiterate. Nearly all (96.9%) older adults were living with their family however, 50% were undernourished (BMI- <22.9). Majorities (66.3%) were suffering from chronic diseases and had been taking medicine. Majority of older adults reported vision problem (64.3%) and hearing problem (60.2%). However, only 8.2% reported history of fall within last 6-12 months. More than half (59.2%) of the older adults had high risk of fall and found significant association with age (p=0.039) and vision problem (p=0.043).
Conclusions: More than half of the older adults are in risk of falls. Therefore, more emphasis should be given in screening the older people for fall risk factors as preventive measures.


We construct a family of distribution spaces K′λ. Each K′λ completely characterizes the (tempered) distributions (i) which are the discontinuity of functions holomorphic in a cut plane with given boundedness properties and (ii) the Froissart‐Gribov transforms of which are holomorphic in a half‐plane with given asymptotic behavior. The main results are stated in two reciprocal theorems. Such a reciprocity shows the adequacy of our spaces K′λ. Some mathematical properties of these ones are given after introducing the proper test function spaces Kλ. In particular, we prove a representation theorem for the distributions in K′λ.


At the last meeting of the society I reported two cases of pneumonia of the upper lobes of the lungs, both of an intensely inflammatory nature. I take pleasure in saying that both were able to be about in two or three days after the date of the last note, and have continued to do well in every respect. I have two other cases of pneumonia to report, both of the upper lobe; and although of sthenic character, not of such a highly inflammatory grade as those reported at our last meeting.


This study documented the citation metrics of articles published by the ITF Coaching & Sport Science Review (ITFCSSR) and indexed in Google Scholar (GS). A systematic searching of GS returned 209 unique ITFCSSR indexed articles published between 1993 and 2019 with 1139 citations. ITFCSSR articles had relatively low citation rates that confirmed previous bibliometric research on the gradual development of tennis knowledge compared to faster moving biomedical fields. ITFCSSR articles may make unique contributions to knowledge development in tennis science, particularly in coaching, physiology, and analytics/tactics.


We present time-resolved K-band spectra of the polar ST LMi obtained during a time of zero mass transfer. Analysis of these first ever phase-resolved observations of an uncontaminated cataclysmic variable (CV) secondary star show no evidence for ellipsoidal variations, affects due to gravity darkening, or irradiation of the L1 point. The data indicate instead that the secondary star has a phase-dependent temperature including the existence of a localized cooler region centered near orbital phase 0.8. We examine a few possible explanations for such phenomena and conclude that the most likely cause is due to starspot activity. The location of the critical Roche surface calculated with respect to the physical stellar surface of the secondary star is shown to change during the lifetime of a cataclysmic variable and thereby effect its evolution. Previous suggestions of low-state behavior being caused by a starspot placed at L1 are shown not to work. However, an active chromosphere on the secondary star is both consistent with the current observations and may naturally explain high-/low-state behavior in CVs.


Purpose: Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy (SRS) has been used to diagnose bronchial carcinoids (BC) and is a valuable tool for accurate staging of BC. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of SRS in restaging BC and following patients after treatment. Methods: Thirty‐one patients (18 male, 13 female) with confirmed BC who were referred during the last 7 years were included. Patients were examined via chest radiograph (12 studies), chest or abdominal computed tomography (CT; 28 scans), chest magnetic resonance imaging (2 scans), and liver ultrasound (5 scans). Results: Overall, in 22 patients (71%), SRS confirmed the data obtained by other diagnostic procedures (16 negative and 6 positive findings). In 6 patients, SRS showed focal lesions not previously demonstrated. In 2 patients, SRS resolved uncertain findings of CT. In 1 patient, SRS showed fewer lesions compared with CT. In 8 of 31 patients, important diagnostic information obtained by SRS was not revealed by any other imaging procedure. Conclusion: Our results indicate that SRS is a reliable, noninvasive method that could be considered the principal follow‐up procedure in patients with BC.


The introduction of Fuzzy Relational Equations (FREs) has made problems that were unsolvable using algebraic linear equations into solvable ones. FREs have been applied to problemsin medicine, industry, transportation and all types of social problems where the data is an unsupervised one. Yet, FREs lack the capacity to tackle problems where an element of indeterminacy is involved. This book develops the new concept of Neutrosophic Relational Equations (NREs) that have the capacity to analyze problems with indeterminacy. Here, earlier models on FREs are analyzed and new NRE models, with practical applications, are presented.


Online Social Networks (OSNs) play a crucial role in communication systems for rapid message broadcasting and information sharing. Facebook is one of the popular OSNs that has the highest number of...


In the general theory of vertex algebras, a basic open problem has been to develop a suitable theory of quantum vertex algebras so that quantum vertex algebras can be naturally associated to quantum affine algebras. Partially motivated by Etingof and Kazhdans theory of quantum vertex operator algebras, since 2005 we have systematically developed and studied a theory of (weak) quantum vertex algebras and their $\phi$-coordinated modules, and we have established natural connections of some celebrated algebras such as double Yangians with quantum vertex algebras. Especially, we have established a natural connection of quantum affine algebras with weak quantum vertex algebras. In this connection, weak quantum vertex algebras were associated theoretically, while the explicit structures are yet to be determined and we still need to prove that these are indeed quantum vertex algebras. To a certain extent, this provides a primary solution to the very open problem. On the other hand, with this theory being developed, it has been used to build natural connections of some important algebras with quantum vertex algebras, showing its high practical value. In this survey paper, we review the theory of (weak) quantum vertex algebras and their $\phi$-coordinated modules, and summarize the main results in this development, including the association of quantum vertex algebras to Zamolodchikov-Faddeev algebras, centerless double Yangians, and quantum $\beta\gamma$-system.


This article discusses the arguments in favor of and against a right to mobility by considering human resource managements for the supply chains. It argues that contemporary migration and border policies are largely restrictive but still fail to meet their announced objectives which call for alternative approaches to international human resource management. From a human rights viewpoint, tight border controls are accompanied by major challenges; including trafficking, the refuge crisis, and the death and vulnerability of irregular migrants; which ultimately threaten the moral foundations of liberal democracies. In this context, a right to mobility may constitute a relevant answer and the article examines the implications of such a right in terms of supply chain management, social cohesion, economic wealth, security, and border/migration governance.


Diphenylhydantoin (300 mg/day) or placebo was "blindly" administered for five days to 157 patients entering an alcoholism detoxification unit; all patients received sedative doses of chlordiazepoxide. All patients had a history of convulsions in adulthood. Eleven patients in the placebo-treated group but none in the diphenylhydantoin group had convulsions in the first 48 hours. Two patients had convulsions after withdrawal of active drug. Blood levels of diphenylhydantoin were determined in 18 alcoholics and in five normal subjects. Comparable blood levels (3μg/ml) were obtained in both groups after the first day and reached a plateau of 4μg/ml after the third. (JAMA230:1430-1432, 1974)


Acute illness iscaused by bacteria, viruses, and parasites.Co-infection is the simultaneous infectionof a host by multiple pathogens resulting in a delay in diagnosis and bad prognosis.Currentlycorona virus infection is a pandemic and global health concern. Coronavirus infection in children withconcomitant other infections is rarely reported in our country. This study was performed to find out the corona virus infectionassociated with recent illnesses to minimize morbidity and mortality. Study was done at Dr. M R Khan Shishu Hospital & ICH from April 2020 to June 2020. Patient with fever, rash, vomiting, diarrhea, cough, respiratory distress, dysuria, convulsion, jaundice and other symptoms; admitted in hospital were taken for this study. Diagnosis was made by clinical symptoms plus investigations accordingly and appropriate treatment was given for recent illnesses. During follow up these cases; there was persistence of symptoms and some other new features appeared. These arouse our suspicion that there might be associated with corona virus infection in this pandemic. Thirty cases were taken co-infection with COVID19.Age was found 4 months to 8 years.Male female ratio was 1.5: 1.Typhoid fever with COVID-1912(40%), Bacterial meningitis with COVID-196(20%), UTI with COVID-19 3(10%), Paratyphoid fever with COVID192(6.7%), Typhus/ Rickettsial fever withCOVID-19 2(6.7%),HAV infection withCOVID-192(6.7%),HEV infection withCOVID-19 1 (3.3%), Septic arthritis with COVID-191 (3.3%), Atypical pneumonia with COVID191 (3.3%) were found. RT-PCR was positive forCOVID-1930(100%), blood culture was positive for Salmonella Typhi 4(13.3%), Widal test was reactive (high rising titer) 8(26.7%), Latex agglutination test was positive for bacterial meningitis 6(20%), urine culture was positive for E.coli 3(10%), blood culture was positive for Salmonella Para typhi A 2(6.7%), Weil-Felix reaction was found (high rising titer) 2(6.7%), Anti HAV IgM was positive 2(6.7%), Anti HEV IgM was positive 1(3.3%), Blood culturewas positive for Septic arthritis 1(3.3%), blood culture was positive for Mycoplasma Pneumoniae 1(3.3%). This study showed that COVID-19 in Bangladeshi children was found associated with co-infections. So, coinfection with COVID-19 patients should be closely monitored and managed accordingly.


Mould is the key part of the pultrusion molding. The working condition of the mould directly affects the performance of the product. In order to improve the strength, the manufacturing efficiency and the cost savings of the launch tube, a pultrusion mould was designed. The mould was a composite assembly that was designed according to structural features and technical requirements of the launch tube. Optimized selection was carried out for materials of the mould. The mould was constructed to be mould base, preforming mould and forming mould. In conclusion, the mould has a long service life and corrosion resistance. It also can guarantee the mechanical strength of the launch tube and improve the dimension precision. It is easy for assembly & disassembly and cleaning.


Abstract : The purpose of the paper is to show the quantitative influence on the hydrological regime of the Arctic Basin and its bordering seas exerted by the inflowing Atlantic waters, and in particular the year-to-year variations of this influence. (Author)


NKT cells are a unique lymphocyte sublineage.In contrast to both conventional T lymphocytes and natural killer cells,NKT cells are reactive to the non-classical MHC-I antigen-presenting molecule CD1d,and they recognize glycolipid antigens rather than peptides.Moreover,by promoting the secretion of Th1 or Th2 cytokines,they play up-or down-regulating roles in a variety of diseases,including autoimmune diseases,infectious diseases, cancer and transplantation.


Based on the compressed sensing theory,the frequency of linear frequency modulation signal is estimated in no reconstruction cases.The atomic library based on the sparse representation of signals is established and the compression of the signal is completed using the AIC(Analog-to-Information) conversion.In the compressed domain,sparse coefficient is optimized and reconstructed using the orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm,and then the maximum position of the sparse coefficient is figured out,of which the position of the atomic frequency parameters for chirp signal in the library is the frequency of the parameter.Simulation verifies that the redundancies and wastes is cut down in sampling process greatly,storage space is saved under the premise of a high success rate of frequency estimation.


The attempt to understand what draws us to contemplate, or go into the highplaces of the earth, has alwaysbeen amatter for controversy.As a tourist, Wordsworth was taken to the summit of Snowdon in 1791with the object of seeing the sunrise; he was to gaze upon the magnificent prospect of the natural world spread out before him, and with the sun, the assumption was that his spiritswould continue to rise.He climbed through the night, he tells us, "With foreheadbent / Earthward, as if in opposition set /Against an enemy . . ." (Prelude XIII.29–31). John Donne created a similar image when, in his third Satire, he described his search for the Christian faith:


Biography and list of writings of the French geologist Daguin, who contributed extensively to the geology of Morocco and Aquitaine (France).


A field experiment was carried out in Maiduguri in the semi-arid region of North eastern Nigeria during the 2007 cropping season. The aim of the experiment was to compare the performance of some sorghum cultivars ('Masakwa', 'BOSADP', 'Kilburi', 'Chakalare white', 'Chakalare brown', 'Jigari' and 'Kafimoro') under rainfall conditions. Treatments were laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications each. Significant difference existed among the cultivars with respect to most of their quantitative traits evaluated. 'Chakalare white' and 'Chakalare brown' resulted in the highest grain yield, although they matured late. 'Masakwa' yield the least and also matured late. However, cultivars 'BOSADP' and 'Jigari' matured early and resulted in relatively higher grain yields even though not as high as 'Chakalare brown and Chakalare white'. Our study indicates that 'Masakwa' sorghum, which is predominantly grown only during dry periods under residual moisture on vertisols can in fact be grown on sandy soils under rainfall conditions. This is a preliminary study and a continuous and broader evaluation will be undertaken before a particular breeding strategy is undertaken. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________


Objective To evbaluate the methods of 3D DCE-MRP. Methods 120pa-tients underwent DCE MRP scanning with 3.0T MR scannner and getting the vessel images with three-dimensional fast low angle shot sequence. Postprocessing techniques including pre-and postenhancement digital subtracted imaging, maximum intensity projection(MIP), mutiple planar reconstrution (MPR)and volume render(VR). Results Except 4 case, the image quality in 116 cases was satisfactory. Conclusion High quality images of 3D DCE-MRP mainly depends on the optimal acquisition delay time, optimizing injection rate and volume of contrast material, resonable sequence paramenters and the operators' skill.


Abstract Large, asymmetric atomic relaxations have been shown to play a crucial role in the structure and properties of several point defects in oxide materials. Examples include trapped hole centers in alkaline-earth oxides and E1′ and E4′ oxygen-vacancy centers and peroxy-radical defects in silicon dioxide. Schirmer's "bound small polaron" model, applied in particular to the alkaline-earth oxide defects, and model treatments of the E1′ center in SiO2 by Yip, Griscom and Fowler clearly illustrate the important spectroscopic consequences of such atomic relaxations. In fact, such effects had been incorporated in Luty's classic model of the Type II FA center in alkali halides. Edwards and Fowler have recently applied MNDO and MINDO/3 quantum-chemistry approaches to the E1′, E4′, and peroxy radical defects in SiO2. These calculations generally corroborate suggested models and bear as well on possible creation mechanisms. Large relaxation effects are likely to be important in many other defects in oxide mater...


The present invention provides a preprocessing method of membrane filtration and a preprocessing system of membrane filtration using the same. The preprocessing method of membrane filtration comprises: an advanced oxidation step (100) for inputting raw water into an advanced oxidation device (10) to remove and disinfect refractory pollutants; an ozone stripping step (200) for inputting treated water discharged from the advanced oxidation step (100) into an ozone stripping tank (20) to remove remaining ozone; a biofilm filtration step (300) for inputting the treated water discharged from the ozone stripping step (200) into a biofilm filtration filter (30) to remove nitrate nitrogen; an ultrafiltration step (400) for inputting the treated water discharged from the biofilm filtration step (300) into an ultrafiltration membrane (40) to remove pollutants; a reverse osmosis treatment step (500) for inputting the treated water discharged from the ultrafiltration step (400) into a reverse osmosis membrane (50) to remove ionic harmful materials; a supply step (800) for supplying the treated water discharged from the reverse osmosis treatment step (500) as water for use; an electrolysis step (700) for inputting concentrated water generated from the ultrafiltration step (400) and the reverse osmosis treatment step (500) into an electrolysis device (70) to remove salinity; and a recirculation step for conducting the advanced oxidation step (10) or the reverse osmosis treatment step (500) for the treated water discharged from the electrolysis step (700). Therefore, the present invention can improve the treatment efficiency of membrane filtration by reducing membrane fouling, can ensure economic feasibility, and can maximize a recovery rate by effectively removing salinity from membrane concentrated water. [Reference numerals] (AA) Raw water; (BB,CC) Concentrate water


The problem of evil has always been a great enigma. But there is something even more enigmatic about Emerson's handling of the problem. Critics have found that in the writings of Emerson this becomes an enigma shrouded in a mystery. We shall first sum up the important critical opinions about the Emersonian solution of this problem, then elucidate his theory of evil, and finally demonstrate how he overcomes the antinomy between the philosophical problem of evil and the personal problem of evil.


Amphistegina spp. are widely recognized as physiologically dependent upon algal endosymbionts. Previous studies isolating algae in culture from Amphistegina spp. have reported a variety of taxa of small pennate diatoms. The primary goal of this study was to isolate and culture the presumed symbionts of Amphistegina gibbosa from the Florida reef tract to determine if the isolated diatom taxa vary across depth or season. In addition, specimens of Amphistegina spp. from several locations in the western Atlantic, Caribbean and the Pacific provided the opportunity to explore possible regional differences. Four genera of pennate diatoms: Nitzschia, Navicula, Fragilaria (including Nanofrustulum), and Amphora were the most frequently isolated genera from more than 900 host specimens, consistent with previous culture isolation studies. Nitzschia was most commonly isolated at all seasons, depths, and geographic locations. Diversity of algal associates varied with location and depth, but no seasonal trends were evident at the generic level at eight reefs sites in the Florida Keys, where samples were collected quarterly between March 2001 and September 2004. Nanofrustulum shiloi and species of Fragilaria were very common at depths <25m, but absent or sparse at greater depths. Amphora, Navicula, Achnanthes, and other less common diatom genera were isolated more frequently from hosts collected at depths >20m. Diatoms were more difficult to culture from Amphistegina specimens collected >25m (and to a lesser extent <5m in the Atlantic) using the methods employed. Non-


This paper is dedicated to the problem of establishing semantic similarity for the documents of the news cluster and extracting key entities from the article's text. The existing methods and algorithms for fuzzy duplicate detection texts are briefly reviewed and analysed, such as TF-IDF and its modifications, Long Sent, Megashingles and Log Shingles, and Lex Rand. The shingles algorithm essence and its main stages are described in detail. Several options of the parallel implementation for the shingles algorithm are presented: for multiprocessor heterogeneous computing systems using CUDA and Open CL and for distributed computing systems using Google App Engine. The parameters of the algorithm (operation time, acceleration) applied to the problem of the semantic analysis for news texts are assessed. In addition, the methods and algorithms for extracting key phrases from the news text are reviewed: graph methods, in particular TextRank, building horizontal visibility graphs, the Viterbi algorithm, types of Markov random fields method, as well as a comprehensive context-sensitive algorithm for news text analysis (a combination of statistical algorithms for extracting key words and algorithms for forming semantic coherence of the text blocks). These methods are analysed from the standpoint of applicability to the news articles analysis. Particular attention is paid to the peculiarities of the news text structure. Although the thematic classification and selection of key entities in text documents are powerful text processing tools, these stages of analysis cannot give a complete picture of the news piece semantics. The paper presents a methodology and a comprehensive analysis of news text, based on a combination of semantic analysis and subsequent text abstracting submitting it in a compressed format - so-called mind map.


To reduce the damage caused by plum virus infections, were evaluated phytoviral, plantations aged between 1 and 13 years in different areas of Muntenia: Breasta-Dolj, Dobrețu-Olt, Nicolae Bălcescu-Vâlcea, Cepari and Bălilești-Argeș, Bucov-Prahova, Săhăteni/Istrița-Buzău, SăruleștiCălărași, Pietroșani-Teleorman, in order to identify viruses with special economic implications for this species: PPV, PDV, PNRSV, ACLSV and ApMV. The varieties, included in the 10 orchards analyzed were: 'Anna Spath', 'd'Agen', 'Stanley', 'Cacanska Lepotica', 'Centenar', 'President', 'Topend' and 'Tophit'.They were followed: the symptomatology, the highlighting by the serological method DAS-ELISA as well as the etiology of the viruses. The results of the diagnosis by the DASELISA test, highlighted the presence of positive samples: 14.7% PPV, 0.3% ApMV and 0.05% PDV. The cause of infection of the plants found positive was established as depending on circumstances both in the nursery and occurred during life in the orchard. Cuvinte cheie: virus, metoda ELISA, plantatie, prun.


Abstract In this paper, we address the problem of allocating a set of tasks to a set of operators, in labor intensive work environments such as manufacturing of clothing, in order to maximize the performance of the production system. First, we model the problem as a mixed integer problem by adopting the point of view of the company through a goal programming approach. Two objectives are considered: minimizing the total production time and maximizing the quality of products. A critical analysis of the results shows an imbalance in the workload distribution among operators. This analysis led us to propose an approach which takes into account the workload balancing among operators. We study two types of balancing: (1) balancing in terms of temporal loads and (2) balancing in terms of assigned tasks' number. The result is an integrated model allowing decision makers to find the best compromise between the company's total performance in terms of production time and quality, and the interest of operators in terms of workload. This integrated model was developed and implemented as a decision-making tool that helps companies to make decisions about training of operators.


The developing brain is vulnerable to the effects of alcohol consumption which can negatively impact on cognitive processes (Alfonso-Loeches & Guerri, 2011). The aim of this study was to examine recall of emotional words and recognition of emotional faces in relation to first reported intoxication experience. Participants were N= 93 social drinkers (44 males) where sex (male vs. female) and 'age-of-first-intoxication' were a between-subject factors (age-group 12-14 (N= 29, 15 males), age 15-17 (N = 47, 20 males) and age 18-21 (N = 17, 9 males)). Memory for emotional words was examined using a free recall task in a 3x2x3 mixed design where type-of-word (positive, negative, neutral) was a within-subject factor. There was a main effect for type-of-words with negative words being less well recalled than either positive or neutral words. There was a significant interaction between 'age-of-first-intoxication' and sex: males age-group 15-17 had the poorest recall, whereas in females it was age-group 18-21 with lowest recall. Face recognition was tested in a 3x2x4 mixed design where facial-expression (sad, happy, fearful, neutral) was a within-subject factor. Participants were asked to recognise previously seen faces from a larger set of images. There was a significant main effect for facial-expression with highest recall for fearful faces and lowest recall for sad faces. There was a significant interaction between facial-expression, sex and age-of-first-intoxication. The male age-group 12-14 recognised fewer sad faces, but conversely more fearful faces, whereas the same pattern was shown in the female age-group 18-21. The findings in respect of 'age-of-first-intoxication' were not as predicted. Particularly with females where it was the older age group had the poorer performance. One possible explanation is that this could relate the age at which individuals start to drink to excess on a regular basis.


Pyomyositis is an infection most predominantly in tropical countries that affects the skeletal muscle and often coincides with abscess formation.1 Both children and adults may be affected, but in the pediatric population, most patients are around 5 years old and have predisposing risk factors such as trauma, immunodeficiencies, or malnutrition. It most commonly affects large muscle groups in the hips and thighs such as the quadriceps, iliopsoas, and gluteal muscles.2 Causes of pyomyositis include non-group a streptococci, pneumococci, E. coli, and Staphylococcus aureus which contributes to up to 70% of cases. However, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus has become an important etiology of pyomyositis in recent years due to an increasing amount of antibiotic resistance and pediatric cases in the nosocomial setting, especially in premature infants.3


Based on the poetry creation of Bai Juyi (772-846)the great poet of Tang dynasty,the article try to analyze what was the different influences of the Confucianism,Buddhism and Taoism to Bai Juyi's thinking and writing. Then the article try to find what was the overall influences of the tendency to Bai Juyi's attitude to life and all kinds of behavior. Taking Bai Juyi as a case,the article also attempted to discuss the similarities and complementarities of the three doctrines in one's philosophical aspect.


The Passiflora cincinnata Mast. has high flavor and potential for wine and other alcoholic beverages production. However, for wine production, the presence of pectin becomes undesirable, as it influences the efficiency of the fermentation process and the clarity of the final product. The objective of this study was to optimize the pectin hydrolysis process in Caatinga passion fruit must for wine production with pectinolytic enzymes, using a Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD). The 2³ factorial CCRD, E01 to E17 assays, was applied with six axial tests and three replications in the central point. Caatinga passion fruit must was obtained with pulp and distilled water (40:60 proporcion). Commercial enzyme with high concentration of pectinase was tested. Concentration of enzyme (0.014-0.056 g L-1), working temperature (43-57°C) and reaction time (12-139min) were the independent variables in the optimization process; and the soluble pectin content (mg 100g-1) corresponded to a process-dependent variable. Prior to the beginning of the assays, in order to provide the optimum working pH range for the pectinase, correction of the must pH to 3.9. The initial Caatinga passion fruit wine must had 24.06 mg 100g-1 of soluble pectin in its composition. After the optimization using CCRD, the treatments presented pectin contents ranging from 6.81 (E16: 0.014g L-1/50°C/75min) to 0.00 mg 100 g-1 (E05: 0.05 g L-1/45°C/ 30min and E06: 0.05 g L-1/45°C/120min). According to the results, to a satisfactory process of pectin hydrolysis in Caatinga passion fruit wine must be added 0.05 g L-1 of pectinase at 45°C for 30min.


West syndrome is an epileptic syndrome, characterized by a triad of symptoms: infantile spasms, hypsarrhythmia on interictal EEG, and a regression or delay of psycho-motoric development. According to the current concept, two of these three criteria suffice for the diagnosis. The incidence of this syndrome is 1 per 2000 newborns. This article reviews recent publications on the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical course, diagnosis, and treatment options in West syndrome. The text is supplemented with illustrations of ictal EEG at infantile spasms and variants of hypsarrhythmia. Today, in addition to classical hypsarrhythmia, five versions of modified hypsarrhythmia are proposed: synchronized version, asymmetric version, version with stable focus of spikes or acute waves, version with rhythmic flattening episodes, version with high-amplitude and asynchronous slow activity. The hormonal therapy is recommended to begin the treatment; if not effective, vigabatrin is to be used as the second choice medication.


Objective:To investigate whether bone marrow-derived stem cells can differentiate into renal cells in rats with chronic aristolochic acid nephropathy(CAAN)and the dynamic changes in the biochemical indicators after the transplantation of bone marrow-derived stem cells.Methods:CAAN model was established in female Wistar rats.The bone marrow-derived stem cells from homologous male Wistar rats were transplanted into CAAN rats via the caudal vein after sublethal dose irradiation of X-ray.CAAN rats were killed 60 days after the transplantation,and the specimens of blood,urine,and renal tissues were obtained.The changes in biochemical indicators were observed,and the differentiation of the bone marrow-derived stem cells was detected by using Y-chromosome fluorescence in situ hybridization(Y-FISH).Results:Sixty days after the transplantation,Y-chromosome-positive cell derived from donor rats was found in the glomerulus and renal interstitium of recipient rats,and the biochemical indicators were improved.Conclusion:The bone marrow-derived stem cells could differentiate into glomerular cells and renal interstitial cells in CAAN rats.


A case manifesting the typical features of clover-leaf skull syndrome is described. Recognition of this rare condition by clinicians assumes importance since early neurosurgical intervention may lead to cosmetic and neurological improvement.


During the past year I have continued the work described in a former communication on the relative densities of hydrogen and oxygen,* in the hope of being able to prepare lighter hydrogen than was then found possible. To this end various modifications have been made in the generating apparatus.


Acknowledgements Abbreviations Maps Introduction PART I: BRITISH POLICY TOWARDS SWITZERLAND DURING THE SECOND WORLD WAR 1. The Making of British Policy 2. The Reception of British Policy in Switzerland 3. The Evolution of British Policy PART II: THE CORE ISSUES IN ANGLO-SWISS RELATIONS 1939-1945 4. British Economic Warfare and Switzerland 5. Switzerland and British Strategy: Toluol, Trains, and Transit Rights 6. The View from the Central Blue. The Violation of Swiss Neutrality by the RAF 7. Francs, Banks, and Gold: Britain and the Swiss Financial Market 8. Cloaking the Dagger: British Covert Operations and Swiss Neutrality 9. Britain and Switzerland's 'Active Neutrality' PART III: CONCLUSION 10. Conclusion: Britain, Switzerland, and the Second World War Appendixes Bibliography Index


The legend of Eugene O'Neill's discovery by the Provincetown Players in the second summer of their existence is one of the more dramatic of many stories about the playwright's life. In bare outline, the story tells that O'Neill came to Provincetown in the summer of 1916 with a trunk full of plays, including Bound East for Cardiff. His arrival on the Boston ferry coincided with the moment the new theatre group needed another play to fill out its second bill of three one-act plays for the Wharf Theatre. The story has been told in its fullest form by Susan Glaspell in her biography of her husband, George Cram Cook, The Road to the Temple, written just after his death. Speaking of July 1916 she writes:


A simple,selective, rapid, and economical reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography(RP-HPLC)method for the determination of pregabaline in the capsule dosage form has been developed and validated.The separatio n and quantification were achieved on waters spherisorb 5µ ODS 24.6mm x 250mm column usi ng a mobile phase of acetonitrile:buffer (30:70 V/V) at a flow rate of 1ml/min with detecti on of analyte at 210 nm. The separation was achieved within 3.1±0.3 min for pregabalin sample. Peak width was found to be 5.26s and SD was found to be 1.3152 for the sample peak . The me thod showed good linearity in the range of 200-800 µg/ml. The intra and inter day R.S.D ranged from 0.79-1.85% The recovery (mean ±S.D.) of low, middle and high concentrations were 100.02 ± 0.80, 100.05 ± 0.42, 100.03 ± 0.35 respectively.


The authors propose to apply bootstrap based techniques to investigate and improve the estimates of higher-order cumulants obtained from short data records. Algorithms for the calculation of the standard deviation and the confidence interval of cumulant estimates have been developed. Based on the algorithms, the authors describe a method for the estimation of risk function of various sampled cumulants, with the goal of choosing the estimator with best risk properties in the bootstrapping sense. Simulation results were obtained and are shown in tables.<<ETX>>


: Using a suitable paper quality of packaging structures is an element process in the packaging industry, mainly on producing corrugated paperboards. (Robertson, 2012) The base-papers are the most significant constituent of Corrugated Cardboards, contain mainly organic substances (e.g. cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin etc.) which are appropriate for thermo-analytical studies. The quality of the base-papers mainly defined by the primer cellulose, recycled paper and other incrust materials content. At the same time, it is difficult for users to precisely separate base papers that exhibit differences in mechanical and quality properties, as their ulterior identification is virtually impossible. (Holmberg et al, 1995) The testing methods such as CCT, RCT, FCT, COBB, bursting etc. are supported by statistical technique, but do not provide perfectly accurate results. (Caulfield et al, 1988) The reason is the deviation of testing results. In this paper, we publish the primary results of the thermoanalytical research for determination of different paper types. Applying a Differental Scanning Calorimetries (DSC) method, it is possible to study endotherm and exotherm spectrums of paper's raw materials. During a heating process each component react in different ways, both of their physical and chemical characteristic. Due to their various organic substances content, these values are different referring for similar results of the finished products, which determines their mechanical and quality properties during their use (Soares et al, 1995). The results show that this method on the one hand can be helpful to testing the paper during packaging producing process on the other hand after using as a packaging. Using a DSC apparatus helps showing the differences between the various organic substances, which allow to measure obvious and exact results for each base-paper. This test method can help classify base paper types in a simple and transparent manner and be of use in tracing quality problems of papers.


Grief is a universal response to loss. Despite its universality, variation exists in how it is experienced and expressed. In light of evidence from bereavement research over the last two decades, previous paradigms regarding grief and loss are changing, which has important implications for professionals, including nurses, who work in end-of-life care. Much research centres on the recognition of grief as a complex, multidimensional phenomenon that is influenced by a variety of external factors. Social, cultural and religious worldviews all influence grief reactions, informing individual response to death. When caring for dying patients and their relatives/loved ones, nurses must be aware of the process of grief and the factors that influence the bereavement process following the patient's death. Lack of openness towards death and bereavement may affect the quality and range of support and care services made available to families. This article will focus on the bereavement experienced by adults. It will provide an overview of the theories of grief. The external factors that may affect the grief process will then be considered. Conflicts of interest: none


The giant arthropod Arthropleura was a common member of the late Paleozoic continental biota of paleo-equatorial biomes for more than 35 million years, from the Early Carboniferous late Visean (FOD; Middle Mississippian, Asbian/Brigantian) up to the Early Permian lower Rotliegend (LOD = ?LAD; Asselian). In Upper Pennsylvanian red beds in Cañon del Cobre of northern New Mexico, trackways of Arthropleura are present in strata that also yield body fossils of the amphibian Eryops. We review the Arthropleura tracksite from Cañon del Cobre, New Mexico, as well as other tracksites of this animal and arthropleurid/eryopid associations in order to better interpret the paleoenvironmental preference and the paleobiology of Arthropleura. This review supports the conclusion that Arthropleura was well adapted to alluvial environments of ever wet humid to seasonally dry and semihumid climates. Preferred habitats of semi-adult and adult Arthropleura were open, vegetated, river landscapes. They co-occurred in these habitats with semi-aquatic eryopid amphibians and terrestrial pelycosaurs.


The invention which relates to a material turnover and bidirectional pushing equipment turns over a plurality of materials that are input from one material input area, and then pushes the materials to at least one material output area. The material turnover and bidirectional pushing equipment comprises a turnover transportation device and a material pushing device, wherein, the turnover transportation device comprises a transmission component and a plurality of separation material carrying mechanisms which combine with the transmission component, and the material pushing device comprises a material pushing component and a material pushing shift motion control unit. The materials can be put in the separation material carrying mechanisms when sent in, and the first contacting surface of thematerials faces downward, then the separation material carrying mechanisms transmit the materials to the material discharging area of a neighboring turnover transportation device along a transportation generatrix, and the second contacting surface of the materials is lead to face downward, and then the material pushing shift motion control unit controls the material pushing component to push the materials to the material output area along at least one material discharging direction, so as to complete the material turnover and bidirectional pushing operation.


The method of the undetermined coefficient dealing with a first-order partial derivative is defined and presented.It can be used on the proof and reasoning of thermodynamics differential relationship.


In our fast-paced lives, we have forgotten how to sit down and enjoy the food that we eat. How many times do we multi-task during mealtimes? Watch television during mealtimes? Do work simultaneously? We want to do as much as we can as quickly as we can, and if it means shoveling whatever food is available and convenient into our bodies in mass quantities, then so be it. The problem is that, by hardly taking the time to chew our food and realizing just what we're eating and how much we're eating, we over-consume. This type of mindless and unconscious eating has led to an increasingly destructive lifestyle that we, as a nation, are now combating. Our advanced lifestyle is becoming a threat to our health. Our goal is not to tell people that counting calories and restricting their diets is the only way to have a relationship with food that will not jeopardize their health. By using a survey to reach a sizable number of people, we hope to force people to think about how they eat, and then guide them to make subtle, small changes to the way they eat so that not only do they savor the sensory aspect and experience of eating, but learn that it really is not always about what you eat, but how you eat it.


Abstract The failure sequence of thick soda—lime glass plates under indentation from tungsten carbide spheres at high loads is described. Failure shows a combination of features normally associated with either blunt or sharp indentation, and most occurs during unloading. In particular the effects of irreversible processes of flow, densification, fracture and interfacial slip during loading on the initiation and propagation of failure during unloading are described and discussed.


The development and implementation of the STEAM curriculum is the key to realize the stable landing of STEAM education in primary and secondary schools. Schoolbased curriculum development focuses on the development of students, and comprehensive use of school and social resources for curriculum development activities provides a good opportunity for the landing of STEAM curriculum in primary and secondary schools. Based on the concept of the STEAM education, this study adopts action research to design and implement an interdisciplinary STEAM school-based curriculum, and conducts two rounds of iterations to verify the effect of curriculum implementation through empirical research. The results show that students have a good attitude towards STEAM, and their willingness to engage in scientific related work in the future is significantly improved. The researchers put forward that the development of STEAM school-based curriculum should pay attention to the characteristics of the school, based on the needs of students' development, guarantee the systematic and coherent knowledge content, fully mobilize the enthusiasm of teachers, and improve the evaluation of STEAM curriculum effect with the help of the advantages of an academic research platform in Colleges and universities, so as to promote the sustainable development of interdisciplinary STEAM school-based curriculum.


In this paper, uniaxial and biaxial tensile tests with cruciform specimens were conducted to investigate the deformation behaviour of dual phase steel sheet with a tensile strength of 590 MPa (DP590) under evaluated warm-forming temperatures (20–190  ∘ C). Detailed analyses were then carried out to obtain the corresponding experimental yield loci. For the purpose of describing the temperature-dependent yield behaviour of DP590 appropriately, the Yld2000–2d yield function with temperature-dependent exponent was proposed. The identification procedures of the introduced parameters were then proposed based on Levenberg-Marquardt optimization algorithm. Afterwards, the proposed model was implemented into ABAQUS as user subroutine VUMAT with NICE (Next Increment Corrects Error) explicit integration scheme. The numerical simulations of biaxial tensile tests were then conducted to confirm the validity of the proposed model. It could be concluded that the flexibility and accuracy of the proposed model guarantee the applicability in warm-forming applications.


The article deals with some issues of intangible assets valuation. The existing approaches to intangible assets valuation have been studied. Their advantages and disadvantages have been revealed and the possibilities of using them in accounting have been analyzed.


Large-scale water conservancy contains kinds of information.This paper introduces a 3D virtual simulation system to analyze those information scientifically,which is designed and implemented based on SRTM data and 3D scene management software.This system implements the 3D cruising function,the flood simulation module and the information inquiring function.The results proved that this system can make better 3D display effect,and could play an important role on the information summarization,optimization,and assistant decision-making.


I want to tell you about the power of having students participate in decision making, and the potential of students to influence whole communities of learners.


Lactic acid prepolymer was synthesized by melt polycondensation of L-lactic acid,and was subsequently copolymerized with succinic anhydride to produce dicarboxylated poly(L-lactic acid) catalyzed by stannous octoate.Poly(L-lactic acid) were prepared by chain extension of dicarboxylated poly(L-lactic acid) using epoxy resin of AG80 as a chain extender.The polymers had been characterized by FTIR,DSC,and TGA.Influences of succinic anhydride content,chain extender content,catalyst species and content,reaction condition on chain extension were studied.The results showed that the viscosity average molecular weight of poly(L-lactic acid) reached 145 600 catalyzed by 1.5 % 1,2-Methylimidazole at 160 ℃ for 10 min,when succinic anhydride content and mol ratio of epoxy group to carboxyl group were 2.5 % and 1.5∶1 respectively.


Objective To explore the methods and curative effect on the treatment of chemical eye burn.Methods The clinical data of 93 cases(109 eyes) with eye acids or alkalis burn was retrospectively reviewed.They adopt composite therapeutic measure with washing eye in emergency,correcting metabolic disorder, anti-infection,preventing and curing complication.Results The cure rate of acid burn of first degree to second degree was 100%,cure rate of third degree was 90.0%.The cure rate of first degree-second degree alkalis burn was 84.4%,that of third degree burn was 71.4%,that of fourth degree alkalis burn was 50%.It was invalid in 2 cases.Conclusion It is critical to wash eye thoroughly for eye acids and alkalis burn,The curative effect is obvious by subconjunctival injection with alternation of heparin sodium and autoserum on the basis of synthetic therapy in course of disease.


1. For an integer v > 1, we define P(v) to be the greatest prime factor of v and we write P(1) = 1. Let m ≥ 0 and k ≥ 2 be integers. Let d1, …, dt with t ≥ 2 be distinct integers in the interval [1, k]. For integers l ≥ 2, y > 0 and b > 0 with P(b) ≤ k, we consider the equation Put so that ½ < vt ≤ ¾. If α > 1 and kα < m ≤ kl, then equation (1) implies that for 1 ≤ i ≤ t and hence


The sharpening of the cutters with helical profile is conducted by grinding the cutting faces. The sharpening can be conducted on grinding machines especially built for this purpose or on grinding machines with the help of special devices. Knowing the value of the forces that occur in the cutting process is very important. A method for measuring the cutting force at grinding is presented in this paper. Key words : device, cutting force, grinding.


The stabilization problems on continuous time linear descriptor systems are studied by means of generalized Lyapunov equations. A necessary and sufficient condition is presented. The state space method for computing H 2 norm for the system is described in terms of the solutions of the Lyapunov equations.


The present invention provides a relaying device and a control method thereof. The relaying device may be configured to communicate with an image processing device and a server device via a network. The server device may store first type data which cannot be interpreted by the image processing device and second type data which can be interpreted by the image processing device. The relaying device may receive, from the image processing device, data selection instruction information identifying selection data. The relaying device may receive, from the server device, the selection data identified by the received data selection instruction information. The relaying device may execute conversion processing in a case that the received selection data is the first type data. The conversion processing may convert the selection data into converted data which can be interpreted by the image processing device. The relaying device may receive converted data reception information for causing the image processing device to receive the converted data.


The oasis distribution maps of six typical years were made using aerial photo in 1959, MSS image in 1973 and TM images in 1987, 1994, 1998, 2001 by combining visual interpretation and automatic classification method. The distribution and area change data of desert reclamation in Minqin Basin during last 40 years were obtained by overlay analysis and area statistic in GIS. The result indicates the desert reclamation in Minqin Basin developed rapidly, especially in 1970s and 1990s. The two extending modes of desert reclamation are the extend of oasis "Pizza" and extend to the desert hinterland jumpily. The extending of desert reclamation is attributed to the early policy of "The most importance thing is commissariat" and lately entironment deterioration of oasis and derive of economic benefit. The rapid development of desert reclamation have badly damaged the periphery entironment of oasis and accelerated the desertification.


Mobile advertising is a young, fast-growing part of marketing communications. Initially over-hyped, it is now starting to take off for real. What can we learn about it from the early academic research? Initial studies on the medium focused on "push" advertising using SMS—an issue complicated by issues of the constraints of consumer permission, acceptance and trust. Results have been mixed but suggest acceptance, especially by younger consumers, of well-executed SMS-based push advertising if the source is trusted, permission has been given, and the messages are relevant and/or entertaining. Researchers have started to broaden the agenda to cover


There is provided mechanisms for providing location information in a communications network. A method is performed by a first device. The first device supports positioning of other devices in the communications network. The method comprises acquiring positioning reference signal configuration from a radio network node in the communications network. The method comprises acquiring location information from a local positioning entity. The method comprises providing the location information to at least one of a radio network node and a second device in the communications network. The method comprises transmitting a positioning reference signal according to the positioning reference signal configuration.


Abstract : A study was conducted to investigate new approaches in motion simulation. The study developed a conceptual model of pilot control of an aircraft which was subsequently used in a need-based analysis of motion cuing devices. The analysis technique involved a frequency domain representation of aircraft maneuvers, pilot perception of these maneuvers, and pilot perception of the cues from various simulator cuing devices. The analysis led to an assessment founded upon principles of pilot perception and behavior. An analysis task was performed on a pop-up attack in an F-4 aircraft to generate the aircraft maneuver time histories and pilot cue matrix. The results were used in a frequency domain analysis to determine the value of cuing devices for particular portions of the maneuver. The study investigated various cuing techniques beginning with proposed optimization of existing devices and proceeding to discuss several new techniques such as vibromyesthetic stimulation and direct electrical stimulation of nerves and muscles. The report concludes with recommendations for (1) future work employing the newly developed analytical technique and (2) experimentation with selected new devices to determine their cuing value. Flight simulators, Flight simulation, Human factors, Psychophysiology, Senses(Physiology), Engineering.


Based on the unified strength theoryt,he limit equilibrium principle and the shape of rapture of surface,a formula,which takes into account the shape of rapture surface,dip angle of cable,grouting pressure,varieties of rocks,are deduced.In order to validate the practicability of the calculation formula,by taking different influential factors into account,a comparison between the theoretical and actual data is made in soft rock and hard rock.The results reveal that,with the increase of the coefficient of weight b,the ultimate bearing capacity of cable increases too,yet the shape of fracture plane doesn′t change;the ultimate bearing capacity of cable depends much more on the boundary strength between grouting and rock,or grouting and cable than that of the fracture plane of cone.In soft rock,the ultimate bearing capacity of prestressed cable,less influenced by the grouting pressure,depends mainly on the boundary strength between rocks and grouting.In hard rock,the grouting pressure plays an important role on the ultimate bearing capacity and the height of rock cone.When the grouting pressure increases,the ultimate bearing capacity and the height of rock cone increase too.In technical application,by utilizing the intensity parameter formula of unified strength theory,the intensity parameters of soil and rocks corresponding to the coefficient of weight b which contains the contribution of the second principal stress,can be calculated.


ABSTRACT Although research on the discrete global grid systems (DGGSs) has become an essential issue in the era of big earth data, there is still a gap between the efficiency of current encoding and operation schemes for hexagonal DGGSs and the needs of practical applications. This paper proposes a novel and efficient encoding and operation scheme of an optimized hexagonal quadtree structure (OHQS) based on aperture 4 hexagonal discrete global grid systems by translation transformation. A vector model is established to describe and calculate the aperture 4 hexagonal grid system. This paper also provides two different grid code addition algorithms based on induction and coordinate transformation. We implement the transformation between OHQS codes and geographic coordinates through the , and coordinate systems. Compared with existing schemes, the scheme in this paper greatly improves the efficiency of the addition operation, neighborhood retrieval and coordinate transformation, and the coding is more concise than other aperture 4 hexagonal DGGSs. The encoding operation based on the coordinate system is faster than the encoding operation based on the induction and addition table. Spatial modeling based OHQS DGGSs are also provided. A case study with rainstorms demonstrated the availability of this scheme.