A unique two-component co-crystal, [Cu(L)(NO3)2][Cu(L)(NO3)(CH3OH)](NO3)·H2O (L = p-tolylterpyridine) has been prepared in (1:1) water-methanol medium at room temperature and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The compound crystallizes in the triclinic system (space group P ). The structure consists of two mononuclear Cu(II) moieties, one cationic and another neutral. In the asymmetric unit, one Cu(II) centre furnishes a fivecoordinated distorted square pyramidal geometry (CuN3O2), organized by three nitrogens of L ligand and one oxygen of a monodentate nitrate anion in the equatorial position and one methanol molecule in the apical position with geometry index τ5 = 0.15. The other Cu(II) centre displays a four-coordinate distorted square planar geometry (CuN3O), framed by three nitrogens of ligand L and one oxygen of a monodentate nitrate anion with geometry index τ4 = 0.29 and the tetrahedral character parameter, THCDa/100 of –1.00.


Objective:To study the influence of HMGB1-Abox on the expression of HMGB-1 in RAW264.7 cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide(LPS) and its inhibition on the secretion of inflammatory factor.Methods:Use cloning vector to make up prokaryotic plasmid PET28a-HMGB1-Abox,which included the gene fragment of the A box of HMGB1,and recombinant vector was further transformed into Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3),the recombinant plasmid was induced by isopropylthiogalactoside(IPTG) to express target protein.The protein was purified by Ni-column.We tested the effect of the different concentration of rHMGB1-Abox on the viability of RAW264.7 cells stimulated by LPS using CCK-8.Experimental group(EG) was treated with rHMGB1-Abox and control group(CG) was delt with PBS.TNF-α and IL-1β levels were detected by the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Western blot and immunofluorescence staining method were used to compare the expression of HMGB1 in RAW264.7 cells with the experiment group and control group.Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RTPCR) was used to detect the variation tendency of HMGB1-mRNA.All procedures were manipulated at 2\6\12\24\48 h after treatment.Results:The recombinant prokaryotic expression vector PET28a-HMGB1-Abox was successfully constructed and mouse HMGB1-Abox protein about 14 kD was successfully expressed.There was a positive correlation between the viability of RAW264.7 cells and the concentration of protein and acting time.Compared to CG,TNF-α and IL-1β levels in EG declined significantly.In EG,Western blot and Immunofluorescence staining showed that the expression of HMGB1 protein was decreased and the expression of HMGB1-mRNA was reduced markedly and delayed.Conclusion:The rHMGB1-Abox could reduce expression and secretion of HMGB1 in RAW264.7 cells stimulated by LPS significantly,thereby to prevented the promotion of HMGB1 on pro-inflammatory mediator and inhibit the expression and secretion of inflammatory factors,which has some anti-inflammatory action.


INOUE, F., MCNEILL, J. H., PUIL, E., and TENNER, T. E., JR. 1979. Electropharmacological analysis of the actions of histamine in cardiac tissue. Can. J. Physiol. Idharmacol. 57, 778-786. The elfects of histamine in cardiac muscle of the guinca pig were resolved into actions at HI and Hz receptors and compared with the effects and interactions of adrenergic agonists and antagonists. Using intracellular recording techniq~acs aiad drug administration by superperfusion, right atrial nauscle fibres and papillary muscle fibres froan both ventricles were studied irz vitro in conditions where the fast Na+-current system was presumably inactivated by depolarization with high [K-'1 perfusion. Application of histamine or the H agonist, 4-methylhistamine, and of isoprotercnol permitted restoration of action potential activity in such fibres which tverc otherwise incapable of generating action potentials following intense ( > 100 tiines threshold) electrical stimulation. The above effects of histamine aiad 3-methyl-histanmine were antagonized by metiamide; propranolol antagonized only the effects of isoproterenol. Perfusion with high (Ca*] increased, while application sf 13 600 (an inhibitor of CaH movements) reduced, the restorative effect of 3-methyl-histamine, implicating the involvement of a @a2-+-current system in the ionic events following Hn receptor activation. Specific CY or HI receptor agonists (methoxanline and 2-(2-pyriciyl)-ethy1ami~le? did not exhibit any restorative action. Applications of methoxarnine, in the presence of a d blocker, increased the duration of actiora potentials without affecting their amplitude; this effect coulcf be blocked with phentolamine. On the other hand, the HI receptor agonist reduced the duration of ventricular action potentials; this effect could be antagonized by concomitant perfusion of pron~ethazine. Although the effects of the HI receptor agonist were demonstrated to be difyerent from those of the CY receptor agonist, the data suggest that histamine may cause its positive imotropic and chroamotropic effects in the heart by activating M:! receptors in a manner ahnalogous to that of P-adrenergic agents. I~cious:, F., MCNEILL, J. H., PIJIL, E., et TENNER, T. E., JR. 1979. Electropharrnacological


This position runs counter to much that is being written in the present day, but much that is written today is based upon a view of the Bible which is not that of the Bible itself. In these three studies I have simply endeavored to take the Bible as it stands, and sought to interpret its first chapter. In so doing I wish to make it plain that I am no foe of science, but I believe that the facts of the created universe, when rightly interpreted, will prove to be in harmony with the revelation which God has given us in the first chapter of Genesis [Emphasis added-aal]. Without this first chapter of the Bible, our endeavors to explain the origin of all things will be futile, for this chapter contains information which we cannot find elsewhere.


We report blue shifts of emission spectra of microdroplet lasers containing fluorescent saturable absorbing dye as compared with those of conventional dye lasers. The results cannot be simply explained by matching the lasing peaks to the minima of threshold condition without taking into account cavity enhancement. We find that the microdroplet lasers have quality factors of 10^4 with a 3X cavity enhancement and their lasing peaks at fixed concentration are independent of the incident pump power.


In the first part of the thesis, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is described as an alternative fuel. The focus is on the scope of application, chemical and physical composition, type of transportation and storage. Also, piping and basic installation equipment are shown.
In the second part heat load calculation and annual gas consumption is shown for a sports hall that has area of 4160 m2. Also, piping has been chosen for the hall. To meet the heating requirements and hot water preparation cascade system has been selected. It consists of 4 boilers, each having heating power of 125 kW. Energy required for heating equals 341 kW and for the hot water preparation 116,2 kW. Boilers are located in a boiler room, which finds its place in the southwest end of the sports center.
Fuel supply is supported by 3 LNG tanks, each being 4,85 m3 in volume. Tanks are located to be above the ground level and in close perimeter to the boiler room. Gas consumption for heating equals 1427 kWh/day, for cooking 544 kWh/day, and 81,4 kWh/day for hot water preparation. Piping used to connect LNG tanks with kitchen and boiler room are placed above and below ground level. Pipes below ground level are made of steel, and the ones placed below ground level are made of polyethylene.


The paper focuses on optimizing hybrid PCM filled heat sinks with a multi-objective approach. In the current study, the fins are oriented both horizontally at the sidewalls and vertically at the bottom side in the enclosure. Two heat sinks with different types of fin shapes are introduced in the enclosure. A rectangular shape finned heat sink, and a tapered shape finned heat sink is incorporated in both sidewalls and bottom walls. The study's main goal is to optimize the PCM-based heat sink to prolong the charging cycle (melting) and shorten the discharging cycle (solidification). The PCM used in the study is n-eicosane, and the material for the heat sink is aluminum. A heat flux with constant supply of 2000 W/m2 is provided at the enclosure bottom, and the remaining walls are insulated. A 2-D numerical simulation is done using the commercial software ANSYS Fluent. The multi-objective optimization is carried out using the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) optimization technique. For a constant PCM volume for both the cases, fin spacing, fin positioning, and fin heights are varied. The output results determined the optimum configuration for the stretched melting period and minimized solidification period.


Autogenerating test paper is a very important problem in Intelligent Item bank system,This paper gave a Mathematical model for this problem ,then presented a new method to solve this problem based on Genetic Algorithms.The experiment result shows that the method can solve the problem effectivelly using GA,and that it is an applicable method with satisfactory performance.


ANUMERICAL model generating simultaneous solutions to the coulpled gasdynamic-electromagnetic equations of motion is developed. The transient relationship existing between the hydrodynamic flow properties and electromagnetic field quantities is explored. The parabolic gasdynamic equations of motion are discretized by a set of firstorder accurate, explicit finite difference expressions and are solved in an Eulerian reference frame. Employing MHD approximations to Maxwell's relations, a linear second-order elliptic partial differential equation describing the current stream function \l/ or the electric potential is developed and is solved by the method of successive overrelaxation. The time-dependent hydrodynamic and electromagnetic properties of a conducting fluid are evaluated by including the Lorentz force (jxB) and the electrical energy (j-E) in the equations of momentum and energy, respectively. Simultaneously, or \j/ is computed as a function of the updated flow velocity, temperature, and pressure, demonstrating that stable simultaneous solutions with severe pressure gradients are obtainable with this technique. Contents An electrically conducting fluid flowing in the presence of a transverse magnetic field may either be accelerated or decelerated, depending on the orientation of the pondermotive or Lorentz force yx£. If the flow is accelerated, as in an "accelerator," energy (j-E) must be added to the fluid; whereas if the flow is decelerated, energy may be extracted from the fluid, as in an MHD generator. The governing equations describing the above phenomena consist of the fluid equations of motion: mass, momentum, energy, and equation of state, and the electromagnetic equations: Maxwell's relations and Ohm's law. The development of a viable numerical procedure operating in the flow regime of MHD generators is hampered not only by typical numerical obstacles inherent in both gasdynamics and electromagnetic methods, but also by the unique difficulties arising from the marriage of these procedures. Because of these difficulties, various schemes1"3 have been developed to solve the electromagnetic and gasdynamic equations for certain defined flowfields and configurations. In the present formulation, stable simultaneous solutions of the fluidic and electromagnetic equations are obtained. The governing fluidic equations are written as


Eddy currents losses in collector-V-type rotor's permanent magnets of mast's emergency dynamic braking synchronous motor with the permanent magnets excitation and fractional slot concentrated winding on stator are examined and determinated. The effect of the stator slot opening value to eddy currents losses in magnets is analyzed.


Dendritic cells (DCs) are bone marrow–derived leukocytes that function as potent antigen presenting cells capable of initiating T cell–dependent responses from quiescent lymphocytes. DC pulsed with tumor-associated antigen (TAA) peptide or protein have recently been demonstrated to elicit antigen-specific protective antitumor immunity in a number of murine models. Transduction of DCs with TAA genes may allow stable, prolonged antigen expression as well as the potential for presentation of multiple, or unidentified, epitopes in association with major histocompatibility complex class I and/or class II molecules. To evaluate the potential efficacy of retrovirally transduced DCs, bone marrow cells harvested from BALB/c mice were trans-duced with either a model antigen gene encoding ␤-galactosidase (␤-gal) or a control gene encoding rat HER-2/neu (Neu) by coculture with irradiated ecotropic retroviral producer lines. Bone marrow cells were differentiated into DC in vitro using granulocyte/macrophage colony stimulating factor and interleukin-4. After 7 d in culture, cells were 45–78% double positive for DC phenotypic cell surface markers by FACS ® analysis, and DC transduced with ␤-gal were 41–72% positive for ␤-gal expression by X-gal staining. In addition, coculture of ␤-gal transduced DC with a ␤-gal–specific T cell line (CTLx) resulted in the production of large amounts of interferon-␥ , demonstrating that transduced DCs could process and present endog-enously expressed ␤-gal. DC transduced with ␤-gal and control rat HER-2/neu were then used to treat 3-d lung metastases in mice bearing an experimental murine tumor CT26.CL25, expressing the model antigen, ␤-gal. Treatment with ␤-gal–transduced DC significantly reduced the number of pulmonary metastatic nodules compared with treatment with Hank's balanced salt solution or DCs transduced with rat HER-2/neu. In addition, immunization with ␤-gal–transduced DCs resulted in the generation of antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), which were significantly more reactive against relevant tumor targets than CTLs generated from mice immunized with DCs pulsed with the L d-restricted ␤-gal peptide. The results observed in this rapidly lethal tumor model suggest that DCs transduced with TAA may be a useful treatment modality in tumor immunotherapy. D endritic cells (DCs) 1 are highly specialized APCs that possess unique immunostimulatory properties and function as the principal activators of quiescent T cells, and thus cellular immune responses in vivo. (1). These bone marrow–derived leukocytes express a unique repertoire of cell-surface molecules including high levels of MHC class I and II, adhesion molecules, and costimulatory molecules, all of which assist in the activation of T cells. As motile …


1. A method for light curing manifestations blank printing plate to form a relief structure comprising a plurality of embossed points, wherein the light-curing blank printing plate comprises a support layer on which the at least one light-cured layer, a barrier layer disposed on at least one layer of light-cured and a removable masking layer disposed over the barrier layer by laser radiation, the method comprising the steps of: a) imaging of at least one svetoot verzhdayuschegosya layer by selective laser ablation removable masking layer with laser radiation in order to create an image, b) exposing the printing form blank through the barrier layer and masking one or more sources of actinic radiation to selectively crosslink and cure portions of at least one light-cured layer, wherein at at least one light-cured layer crosslinked and cured in the areas not covered with the masking layer and thereby produce a relief structure ive ) Displays blank printing plate to remove the barrier layer is subjected to laser ablation of the masking layer and light-cured layer cured portions of the relief structure and identifying, wherein the barrier layer has an oxygen diffusion coefficient of less than 6,9 × 10m / sec and optical transmittance of at least 50 .2%. The method of claim 1, wherein the print point has one or more characteristics selected from the following: a) the steep angle of the ledge, with each of the plurality of points has a shoulder angle that the total angle ledge coc


The invention relates to a diamond-impregnated bit nozzle material and a preparation method for the same. The method includes the steps of proportionally mixing WC (wolfram carbide), TiC (titanium carbide), Al2O3 (aluminum oxide), activated carbon and pyrophillite into a mixing barrel, adding gasoline-rubber mixed liquor into the mixing barrel and then adding paraffin wax into the mixing barrel for uniform mixing; pouring the mixed liquor into a pre-pressing die for forming, placing the formed nozzle material into a graphite mould, then loading the graphite die into a bit operating layer and a non-operating layer, heating and pressurizing the graphite die to a certain temperature and a certain pressure respectively prior to discharging the graphite die from a furnace for cooling, placing the discharged graphite die into heat-preservation sand for heat preservation, and getting rid of nozzle filler when stripping, so that a nozzle is formed on a bit. The nozzle material can be softened at the sintering temperature and proportionally deforming with a matrix material, so that a matrix is uniform in density without bonding with the matrix, the matrix of the diamond bit is uniform in strength and hardness and the integral performance of the matrix is enhanced. A machining process after sintering is omitted, the nozzle material is reusable via recovery, a machining process for forming a conventional graphite nozzle is omitted, only a set of cold-pressed steel die is needed for a nozzle block in each size, and manufacture cost is greatly saved.


The debate about a country's appropriate level of public debt in the medium run continues to rage, and it remains unclear whether high debt is a cause or a consequence of low economic growth. By combining the financial accelerator literature with that on sovereign risk premia and fiscal limits, we build a model with borrowing constraints that produces leverage cycles, and embeds links between private and public debt dynamics. The model is calibrated on average euro area data and tracks well recent leverage dynamics. Four key results emerge. First, high private debt—rather than high public debt—is a more serious source of macro-fiscal vulnerability, because it leads to bigger contractions and deflations in response to adverse shocks. Second, when fiscal buffers are available, the government should always intervene to relax borrowing constraints of the private sector, and mitigate the consequences of deleveraging. Third, during deleveraging, first best monetary and fiscal stances should not exceed the minimum necessary to anchor inflation expectations and stabilize government debt. Too much fiscal austerity delays the return to macro-fiscal stability, and raises the likelihood of new fallouts, especially if monetary policy is at the zero lower bound. Fourth, the optimal macro-prudential policy is given by the loan-to-value ratio that delivers the most output-friendly leverage cycle.


This paper aims to present the main features of early adolescence today (also known as preadolescence). The paper refers to this age period on three levels: the physical level and sexual maturation, the cognitive level, and the socio-emotional level. Thus, we propose a theoretical approach to the main characteristics of early adolescence, but also the analysis of a series of particularities and challenges specific to this stage of life. Despite the fact that childhood, preadolescence and adolescence are certainly difficult, most young people manage to get through these stages of development due to the relationships with family and friends, motivated by academic success or activities that help them build their personality and self-esteem.


Carbon-13 chemical shifts for sugars and methyl glycosides are reported. The following general effects have been observed: (a) a comparison of chemical shifts with expected electron densities suggests that 13C-2 and -4 experience relatively stronger shielding than do 13C-1, -3, and -5, possibly because they oppose the ring O; (b) inversion of an equatorial O to axial O is associated with increased shielding of the 13C nucleus to which it is bonded, of adjacent 13C nuclei, and of those in the β-position (i.e., having an opposing axial H or O); (c) removal of a gauche O,O interaction is associated with 13C deshielding. It appears that since these same steric relationships affect stability, the overall shielding states of 13C nuclei of the different isomers reflect variations in the magnitude of repulsive interactions in the molecules; on this basis, the anomeric effect does not arise through instability of the equatorial anomeric C—O bond. A destabilizing interaction appears to cause polarization of most C—...


Guarango (Caesalpinia spinosa) was studied in different parts of Loja province, mainly Loja, Catamayo, Gonzanamá, and Paltas, to use this species in the food and chemical industries because many studies in our country show that this species is not correctly used. It started with studies of the yields according to the place and time of recollection, after which the correct treatment was found, like the kind of grinding to optimize the handling of the sample, the chemical determination (tannins) in the pod, and its bromatological characteristics (moisture, fat, and protein). The chemical determination of tannins was done through titration of a macerated pod using carmine indigo and KMnO4 to 0,1 N, while bromatological determination with moisture, fat, and protein was applied using the standard methods of AOAC 7003, AOAC 7.056 y AOAC 47.021, respectively. In these results, it was found that there is little variability in experiments of percent of integument, endosperm, and germ, while in experiments of moisture, the amount of pod and seeds had significant differences. In addition, the percentage of tannins was excellent for use in the leather industry. While the germen had qualities of a good food supplement due to its high fat and protein content and low moisture. Finally, a method of extraction of the guarango parts could be designed that can be easily replicable by farmers. Based on the results, we can conclude that it is possible to establish ventures with guarango (C. spinosa) due to the remarkable properties of this species in food, textiles, and other industries.
Keywords: Caesalpinia spinosa, guarango, pod, germ, used.
Resumen
Se realizó un estudio sobre el guarango (Caesalpinia spinosa) de diferentes cantones de la provincia de Loja, principalmente: Loja, Catamayo, Gonzanamá y Paltas, con la finalidad de aprovechar esta especie ofreciendo alternativas de uso dentro de la industria química y alimentaria ya que, según estudios realizados, dentro de nuestro país no es aprovechada. Se partió desde el estudio de rendimientos según el lugar y tiempos de recolección, posterior a esto se buscó el tratamiento adecuado como molienda para el manejo óptimo de la muestra, la determinación química (taninos) en vaina y bromatológica (humedad grasa y proteína). Para la determinación química (taninos) se realizó titulación al macerado de la vaina usando índigo carmín y KMnO4 al 0,1 N, mientras que para determinación bromatológica como la humedad, grasa y proteína se aplicó métodos estandarizados de la AOAC 7003, AOAC 7.056 y AOAC 47.021, respectivamente. En los resultados se obtuvo ensayos que demostraron la poca variabilidad del porcentaje de tegumento, endospermo y germen, mientras que en los ensayos de humedad, cantidad de vainas y semillas, taninos, hay variabilidades significativas.


A dherence to evidence-based clinical practice (EBP) is linked to better health care quality and improved patient outcomes. Variation in adherence to EBP persists nationwide. As care delivery systems seek solutions to improve quality and lower cost in a fee-for-value environment, implementation scientists are seeking to understand what implementation strategies work best under what conditions. Intermountain Healthcare (Intermountain) has been at the forefront of the discussion with innovative proposals seeking to deliver extraordinary care. Sustaining these improvements over time represents a formidable challenge. Early EBP implementation gains can be deceptive. Projects can appear at first to be highly successful, yielding improvements in adherence to EBP and outcomes. However, once the focus has shifted away from the implementation, gains often decline over time. This phenomenon is so common that at Intermountain we believe that strong, systematic approaches to address sustainability are needed. Evidence suggests that process performance tends to deteriorate over time for a variety of reasons. Often, adherence to a new process is the result of an extraordinary level of organizational focus and vigilance. At some point, however, the organization's "attention span" shifts to a different problem. Without strong structures in place to sustain process performance, people revert to old habits. Some of this is a function of natural limitations on the human mind—limitations of memory and concentration. People have a natural tendency to seek ways to reduce the burden of their work, so they may gravitate toward shortcuts. External factors can also cause deterioration in process performance. These include turnover, new competing demands on performers' time, and attention, as well as changes to ancillary processes, work schedules, physical facilities, equipment, supplies, or organizational structure. We think about a process change leader at Intermountain as analogous to a builder of a house. Every


This research was done to describe the accessibility of small business in getting credit, especially in mud disaster area at Porong, Sidoarjo. The disaster has its direct impact on local people who have small business, because their access to get credit i


This study examines the complementary effect of search for external knowledge and organizational innovation on the firm's innovative performance. Specifically, we argue that firms can marginally increase their innovative performance by engaging in both activities simultaneously. Using a sample of 46,862 companies expanding in twelve CIS countries, we find partial evidence of our argument, as the effect of the joint occurrence of search for external knowledge and organizational innovation varies significantly depending on what is the external search strategy that firms follow. Building on the ambidexterity literature, we argue that the success or failure of organizational innovation may be contingent upon conflicting objectives and structure of collaboration that different external search strategies may involve.


This paper proposes a RANSAC-based algorithm for determining the axial rotation angle of an object from a pair of its tomographic projections. An equation is derived for calculating the rotation angle using one correct keypoints correspondence of two tomographic projections. The proposed algorithm consists of the following steps: keypoints detection and matching, rotation angle estimation for each point correspondence, outliers filtering with the RANSAC algorithm, finally, calculation of the desired angle by minimizing the re-projection error from the remaining correspondences. To validate the proposed method an experimental comparison against methods based on analysis of the distribution of the angles computed from all correspondences is conducted.


years ago is finally to be removed. The 3 MW reactor, a research and training tool belonging to the Research Centre for Energy, Environment and Technology (CIEMAT), began functioning in 1958, but was decommissioned in 1984. Its fuel rods were removed over the next 8 years. The task now is to dismantle the reactor "skeleton" and pool block, to remove the radioactive sources stored in the reactor hall, and to implement decontamination protocols. "The dismantling of the four CIEMAT installations involved was approved by the Nuclear Safety Council [NSC] on July 13", explains Jose Luis Diaz Diaz, Director of Safety and the Integrated Plan for the adrid's nuclea reactor to dismantled


The present invention discloses a flow controller for controlling medium flow, said flow controller comprising: an input path (1), the measuring chamber (2), connecting the input flow path running path and the measuring chamber (3), in run the flow path control valve action (4), and the outflow passage (5) of the controlled flow. The necessary flow path (7) guiding the measuring chamber from the input path (1) (2). The presence of the flow control element (6) necessary in the flow path (7). Maintaining the flow passage (8) flows from the necessary flow path guide passage (5). In addition, the flow controller comprising a control means (9), the control means for selectively direct the flow from the necessary flow passage (7) respectively measuring chamber (2) and maintaining a flow passage (8).


Homotopic 1,10-diaza-18-crown-6 derivatives with two, four, and six chiral centers have been prepared in optically active form from diethanolamines via a cyclization reaction with tosylates 39 and 48. The requisite optically active diethanolamines were prepared from chiral cyanohydrins and chiral ethanolamines by a one-pot Grignard-transimination-reduction or a one-pot reduction-transimination-reduction procedure. Yields were strongly affected by the size of the substituents α to the nitrogen atom. The stereoselectivity of the diethanolamine synthesis was found to depend on the configuration of the ethanolamine used


1. Introduction -- 2. Family structures and relationships -- 3. Families and welfare: public and private transfers -- 4. The extent and nature of lifetime gifts -- 5. The impacts of, and motivations for, lifetime gifts -- 6. Social norms on financial obligations within families -- 7. Public attitudes to different generations -- 8. Discussion: inter-generational gifts, family life and the role of policy.


Fouling in phosphoric acid concentration process of preheat exchangers is a chronic operational problem that compromises energy recovery in these systems. Progress is hindered by the lack of quantitative knowledge of the dynamic effects of fouling on heat exchanger transfer. The subject of this work is an experimental determination of the thermal fouling resistance in the graphite blocks heat exchanger installed in a phosphoric acid concentration process. By measuring the inlet and outlet temperatures and mass flows of fluids, the overall heat transfer coefficient has been determined. Determining the overall heat transfer coefficient for the heat exchanger with clean and fouled surfaces, the fouling resistance was calculated. The results obtained from the heat exchanger studied, show that the fouling resistance increase with time presenting an exponential evolution in agreement with the model suggested by Kern and Seaton, with the existence of fluctuation caused by the instability of the flow rate and the temperature. Bad cleaning of the heat exchanger involves the absence of the induction period and consequently, causes high values of the fouling resistance and of the deposit fouling during a relatively short period of time.


Data-driven inverse design for inorganic functional materials is a rapidly emerging field, which aims to automatically design innovative materials with target properties and to enable property-to-structure material discovery.


Abstract Current scholarship on Clearchus' Lives emphasizes a moralizing historiographical schema of pernicious luxury, in which truphē leads to koros, then to hybris, and finally to destruction. Yet all the fragments used to construct this theory are preserved in one late source, the Deipnosophistae of Athenaeus. A study of the diction and immediate context of these so-called fragments demonstrates that the moral themes are presented in language that is far more likely to originate in the cover text rather than in the Lives. Furthermore, this moralizing schema that binds together acts both effeminate and hybristic – as if the one followed naturally from the other – cannot be found securely attested elsewhere in Greek thought before the Roman Era. Thus we argue that, based on the evidence that survives, it is anachronistic to suggest that Clearchus espoused this principle. In addition, those who study Hellenistic fragments need to scrutinize more carefully the exact phrasing and framework of the Deipnosophistae, and be more wary about Athenaeus' attribution of contemporary values to his sources.


The theoretical and methodological aspects of efficiency of corporate sector of transformed economy from positions of institutional approach in the economic theory are considered. Certain subjects of the corporate relations, the conflict of interests of such subjects are studied, ways of optimization of interaction of subjects of the corporate relations, allowing increasing economic efficiency of corporate sector are offered.


The validity of Onsager's reciprocal relations in ternary diffusion was verified by transformation of the thermodynamic expressions into concentration gradient form while assuming no volume flow. A table containing several systems is presented, and the estimated error is assigned solely to uncertainties in diffusion coefficients based on concentration gradients; however, some error undoubtedly exists in the activity coefficients since they were estimated in the absence of experimental data.


The digital image information can be easily tampered to harm the integrity of someone. Thus, recognizing the truthfulness and processing history of an image is one of the essential concerns in multimedia forensics. Numerous forensic methods have been developed by researchers with the ability to detect targeted editing operations. But, creating a unified forensic approach capable of detecting multiple image manipulations is still a challenging problem. In this paper, a new GIMD network is designed that exploits local dense connections and global residual learning for better classification by using robust residual dense blocks (RDBs). The network input and high-level hierarchical features produced by proposed residual dense blocks are fused globally for better information flow across the network. The extensive experiment results show that the proposed scheme outperforms the existing state-of-the-art general-purpose forensic schemes even under anti-forensic attacks, when tested on large scale publicly available datasets. Our model offers overall detection accuracies of 95.09% and 97.31 % for BOSSBase and Dresden datasets, respectively for multiple image manipulation detection.


Direct contact melting of a packed bed is studied experimentally. The effect of several parameters, including material properties, particle size, bed loading (applied external force), and thermal boundary conditions, is examined. Two types of melting are observed. If the load on the bed is small and the top of the bed is maintained at a temperature below the melting temperature, then crusting can occur. During this type of melting liquid flows away from the heated surface due to capillary action, and resolidifies forming a crust. The crust prevents downward movement of the packed bed, and melting of the solids below the crust results from convection and conduction. Eventually the crust is melted and the process repeats itself, resulting in a highly unsteady melting rate. If the bed load and the temperature at the top of the bed are sufficiently high, then direct contact melting persists. In this case the melting rate is steady and the parametric behavior can be predicted using a modification of an available theory for direct contact melting of monolithic solids. Although this theory accurately predicts the parametric behavior, the prediction of the actual melting rate is more than an order of magnitude higher than the experimental results.


This study aims to determine the effect of tax knowledge, tax sanctions, and SPPT on taxpayer compliance in the payment of land and building tax in the West Jakarta area.. The design of this study uses quantitative and causal methods. The sampling technique uses non-probability sampling and the sample selection technique uses purposive sampling, with 150 respondents namely taxpayers who already own land and buildings in the West Jakarta area.. Data collection techniques using a questionnaire. The analysis used is SPSS application software version 23. Overall the results of this study indicate that tax knowledge has a significant positive effect on taxpayer compliance in the payment of land and building tax in the West Jakarta area, tax sanctions have a significant positive effect on taxpayer compliance in the payment of land and building tax in the West Jakarta area, and SPPT has a significant positive effect on taxpayer compliance in the payment of land and building tax in the West Jakarta area.


This document defines a new Border Gateway Protocol Network Layer Reachability Information (BGP NLRI) encoding format that can be used to distribute traffic flow specifications. This allows the routing system to propagate information regarding more specific components of the traffic aggregate defined by an IP destination prefix. Additionally, it defines two applications of that encoding format: one that can be used to automate inter-domain coordination of traffic filtering, such as what is required in order to mitigate (distributed) denial-of-service attacks, and a second application to provide traffic filtering in the context of a BGP/MPLS VPN service. The information is carried via the BGP, thereby reusing protocol algorithms, operational experience, and administrative processes such as inter-provider peering agreements. Status of This Memo This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.


I walked into a pharmacy one Sunday about two weeks ago, looking for nausea tablets for my mom as she and my dad were flying out to England to go and visit my sister.


MANAGING THE EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON COASTAL COMMUNITIES: A CARIBBEAN PERSPECTIVE Osuala Dickson Chiedozie Coastal zones are exposed to the adverse effects of climate change, in particular to sea-level rise, to a great degree (Mimura 2007; Kalogirou 2010). The Caribbean region comprises of developing states whose cities were built in close proximity to rivers and oceans for transportation, agricultural and economic purposes. However as sea level rise and storm surges increase in severity and frequency, this natural geographic advantage is now a primary contributor to its vulnerability (World Bank 2010). Hence, the pressing need to address the issue of climate change and its attendant effects from the perspective of affected populations in selected Caribbean coastal communities. The objective of this thesis is to analyse the perceptions of risk associated with climate change of Georgetown residents, to assess the socioeconomic vulnerability to sea-level rise of Georgetown and to analyse the determinants of climate change awareness in Georgetown, Guyana and San Pedro, Belize. Exploratory Factor Analysis, Multiple linear regression and Ordered Probit regression methods are applied in analyzing the perception of Georgetown residents to risk associated with climate change, analyzing factors that influence the selection of adaptation strategies by residents of Georgetown to address sea level rise, analyzing factors that influence climate change awareness and whether climate change awareness is influenced by the means by which climate change information


G e o r g T h i e m e V e r l a g K G , R ü d i g e r s t r a ß e 1 4 , 7 0 4 6 9 S t u t t g a r t , G e r m a n y 1355 H . F U , J . C A O , T . Q I A O , Y . Q I , S . J . C H A R N O C K , S . G A R F I N K L E , T . K . H Y S T E R * ( C O R N E L L U N I V E R S I T Y , I T H A C A , U S A ) An Asymmetric sp3–sp3 Cross-Electrophile Coupling Using 'Ene'-Reductases Nature 2022, 610, 302–307, DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05167-1.


In the article current social problems of migrants and migration in the context of social work were analyzed. The large number of publications and monographs, concerning this problem emphasizes that studying of social work with migrants, social migration issues is necessary in order to optimize management of migration processes, processes of migrants' successful social adaptation, taking into account the specifics of migration at the level of Russian society, and at the level of national region, as well as to meet better the needs of both migrants and the public interest. We made a systematic analysis of migration and migrants' problems, considered the features of migration processes in Russia. The research confirmed the importance of migration and social policy in the state.


Diallyl oxalate (DAO) vapour-in an excess of toluene at atmospheric pressure and at 380-510° -decomposes initially, homogeneously and in a first order process, giving carbon dioxide and allyl radicals; its half life is 20 minutes at 400°. DAO is thus found to be much more stable than was inferred from recent low temperature work by James and Kambanis5. It is concluded that the latter decomposition, in contrast with that in our hands, occurs at the wall of the reactor.

Apart from dimerizing, allyl radicals abstract hydrogen from toluene; the rate constant for this metathesis has been calculated and compared with literature data. Finally it is outlined that metathetical reactions R· + R′H RH + R′·, involving allylic or benzylic groups R, R′ will proceed with activation energies of well below 20 and presumably of about 16 kcal. mole−1.


In this chapter, the concepts and benefits of beam-hopping were presented along with some detection performance considerations. In particular, the gains in user satisfaction and system usable throughput were compared to that of a conventional broadband satellite system with a static coverage. Complementing the beam-hopping system principles, we discussed the physical layer transmission solutions suitable for beamhopping. Based on the identified waveform key-requirements for applying beamhopping, the already released DVB-S2X standard was reviewed and analysed using practical and representative system examples. It was found that the super-framing specification offers high practical relevance compared to the conventional DVBS2/S2X framing. The author also presented actual and future technology for a beam-hopping systems. Specifically, the upcoming Eutelsat Quantum-class satellite designed for beamhopping was presented along with its features like re-configurable beam-forming and highlights potential applications. The corresponding ground equipment was also discussed exploiting the advantages of wideband processing. Furthermore, implementation feasibility has been demonstrated by means of detection performance results exploiting DVB-S2X SF Format 4. Beam-hopping offers flexible system architecture to address changing traffic demands over time and geographical locations by sharing in time, power and frequency resources among multiple beams. Beam-hopping systems offer higher usable throughput by focusing the system resources where they are most needed at a time.


The purpose of this paper is twofold: 1) to highlight the widely ignored but fundamental problem of 'superpopulations' for the use of inferential statistics in development studies. We do not to dwell on this problem however as it has been sufficiently discussed in older papers by statisticians that social scientists have nevertheless long chosen to ignore; the interested reader can turn to those for greater detail. 2) to show that descriptive statistics both avoid the problem of superpopulations and can be a powerful tool when used correctly. A few examples are provided. The paper ends with considerations of some reasons we think are behind the adherence to methods that are known to be inapplicable to many of the types of questions asked in development studies yet still widely practiced.


Long-term administration of beta blockers improves survival in patients who have had a myocardial infarction, but they are prescribed for fewer than


Summary Vaccine-preventable disease significantly contributes to the morbidity and mortality of adults worldwide. The rates of vaccination against influenza, pneumococcal disease and tetanus in adults and in high-risk group of people are far from the optimal coverage as suggested by Minister of Health. General Practitioners (GPs) can contribute to increase immunization in adults and in elderly people because these age groups attend frequently the surgery of their family doctors for reasons related to their chronic diseases. The GPs, on their side, can proactively involve patients through informatics tools that supply lists of specific patients and electronic alerts in patient records.


On the basis of the practical and realistic attitude,the author analyses five aspects of the P.E.in Chinese college and presents general reform plans respectively in the hope of providing reference for the PE reform.


Stamping technique plan for the cover was developed based on special requirements of transfer press machine structure and transverse feeding device,and dies of 7-position were designed.Spring stripper and stabilizing rod were used to stabilize workpieces in each feeding position and smooth and reliable transferring in each position were realized.The deformations of compressed spring after stamping were calculated.The whole-set of dies have low cost,and satisfied customer's requirement for steady and high efficient manufacturing.


Escaping information from black holes (BHs) produce firewalls at the event horizon. Such walls of fire absorb anything falling in black holes so they destroy them. It leads to conclusion that black hole understood as singularity with event horizon cannot be realized by Nature and that General Relativity (GR) and Quantum Physics (QP) are the incomplete theories. To solve the information paradox, Hawking proposes to replace the event horizon for apparent horizon i.e. for horizon widened due to quantum fluctuations in such a way that light can escape but there is lack of a mathematical description. Here, within the Scale-Symmetric Theory (SST), we solved the information paradox in a different way. The key to solve the many unsolved problems concerning black holes are the interactions of nuclear matter with the luminal Einstein spacetime both composed of the neutrino- antineutrino pairs (they dominate) and neutrinos (detection of the pairs is much difficult than neutrinos) - there appear the ordered virtual motions in spacetime, dark-matter structures and advection. Incompleteness of GR and QP causes that altogether with good solutions we obtain solutions that cannot be realized by Nature and singularities are such solutions. SST shows that there are objects with circular orbit for photons and abstract event horizon but without singularity - we will call such objects the modified black holes (MBHs). The RHIC experiment showed that inside baryons are dense gluon fields. On the other hand, the SST shows that intensity of the superluminal quantum entanglement (it follows from the extended GR) close to the Planck scale is tremendous so the cores of baryons are indestructible. It leads to conclusion that MBHs are built of modified neutron black holes (MNBHs) which are the biggest neutron stars. When we take into account also the gravitational interactions then matter winds around the central point of MBH at a continuously decreasing distance from the point, next spirals on surfaces of the MNBHs towards their poles, and next twists along the relativistic jet. Among many other things, we calculated maximum efficiency of accretion process (41.42%), radii of the accretion discs, described the mechanism of production of the dark-matter structures, gravitational redshift and answered why the luminal Einstein spacetime does not collapse to separated black holes.


This thesis concerns the final century of Roman Britain, the continental origins of its medieval Germanic invaders, and the socio-political situation in sub-Roman Britain in the fifth and sixth centuries. Multiple issues are discussed in each of these three broad areas, including the effects of the Diocletian Reforms on Britain, fourth-century urban decay, the first-century origins of the Saxons among the piratical Chauci tribe, and the continued existence of Roman institutions in Britain into the early Middle Ages. Furthermore, the reasons the Anglo-Saxons did not assimilate into Roman culture like their counterparts on the continent, making medieval England an essentially Germanic nation, is discussed. Finally, an original comprehensive narrative of the transitional centuries between antiquity and the early medieval period is presented. Two methodological approaches are employed. First, the arrival of the Anglo-Saxons in Britain is presented as a product of late antiquity and not as a medieval phenomenon and, second, the approach to source materials is synthetic and goes beyond the use of textual evidence into the disciplines of archaeology, ethnography, and linguistics. Presenting the arrival of Germanic peoples into Britain as a sequel rather than a prequel allows us to explore them unconventionally as a Roman product while the use of archaeology permits many historical gaps to be filled. iv Table of


Indigosol red is one of batik dye used in Indonesia's batik industry. This industrial activity produces wastewater. Based on wastewater quality standards, it is explained that chromium (Cr) is one of the parameters in the standard of textile waste quality. Several selected fungi are potential to decolorize and remove heavy metal chromium from batik wastewater. Some fungal strains, such as Aspergillus sp. and Penicillium sp., isolated from batik wastewater, have been elaborated in this study, with Phanerochaeta chrysoporium as comparative isolate. This research reports the value of Cr in several batik wastewater in Banyumas Regency, and also discussed the role of these fungal removals of heavy metals from batik wastewater. The effect of the incubation period and the amount of biomass on the removal were also studied. Analysis of Cr content from wastewater sample ranged <0.12-1.01 mg/L. The results showed that the fungi were able to remove the Cr of batik wastewater. The range of values of Cr reduction varies from 83 to 86%. The most effective fungi to decolorize and remove chromium was Penicillium sp. in 5 day incubation time, with the largest biomass of 0.64 g. Penicillium sp. can be used as chromium removal.


This report describes a Models Based Engineering (MBE) philosophy and implementation strategy that has been developed at Los Alamos National Laboratory`s Center for Advanced Engineering Technology. A major theme in this discussion is that models based engineering is an information management technology enabling the development of information driven engineering. Unlike other information management technologies, models based engineering encompasses the breadth of engineering information, from design intent through product definition to consumer application.


Objective: The present study was performed to evaluate the effect of addition of human serum albumin and platelet rich fibrin to xenograft bone for socket preservation. Material and Methods: 20 patients seeking treatment for badly broken teeth (lower premolars and molars) 10 patients in each group. In the first (study) group, the patients will be subjecting to extraction of badly decayed non restorable tooth then insertion of human albumin coated xenograft bone (OneGraft natural collagenated bovine bone graft 1.0 -2.0mm grain size Bioimplon, Germany) and platelet rich fibrin. In the second (controlled) group, the patients will be subjecting to extraction of badly decayed non restorable tooth without xenograft insertion. CBCT was done to evaluate; bone density, alveolar bone height at the site of extraction and bone graft addition. Bone Density and height was measured at alveolar bone crest & middle of the socket at region of interest (ROI) immediately & at 6 months post operatively. Results: In albumin coated xenograft with PRF group showed less decrease in buccal, lingual height and width , increase in bottom of socket and increase in bone density measurements. Conclusion: the use of albumin coated xenograft with PRF were effective in socket preservation , significantly minimized ridge resorption in all dimensions, accelerate the bone healing and shorting the time period for rehabilitation than the normal sequence of healing.


The highly dynamical evolution of the Earth's Van Allen radiation belt electron fluxes is due to competitions between various loss and acceleration processes. In this paper, we focus on analyzing an interesting event, where electrons experienced very rapid acceleration from hundreds of keV to multi-MeV within 12-16 hours in the heart of the outer radiation belt. Using 3D particle diffusion code, we simulate radiation belt electron evolution by including important physical processes, such as radial diffusion due to interaction with ultra-low-frequency waves, as well as pitch angle and energy diffusion driven by whistler-mode chorus waves. A quantitative comparison against the Van Allen Probes electron measurements clearly shows that chorus waves play a critical role in accelerating electrons to multiple MeV through producing the growing peaks in electron phase space density and the characteristic flat-top pitch angle distributions, while radial diffusion plays an important role in redistributing electrons from the developing peaks to other locations.


Distribution system issues, similar to loss minimization, planning and energy restoration, in some cases include the phase adjustment. Flawed dispersion will lead few regions full and couple of zones with less stacked. In this way to keep away from these conditions, prevailing of force and subsequently controlling of load is required in those territories. It brings about the load equalization. Load equalization or balancing out is that the system to prevent the system from over burdening situation. Amid this paper we have a tendency to plan and execution of power load adjusting by utilizing mathematical logic (fuzzy logic) tool compartment of a MATLAB. As indicated by past work consequences of Final Absolute Average Unbalance i.e. FAUB/Phase= 3.33kw. We will modify variation of input reliable with fuzzy principle. On the off chance that we plan the standards steady with given principles then the FAUB will be diminishing from 3.33kW. Keyword: - FAUB , Fuzzy . Phases are the different angles at which the three alternating currents being transmitted by the power line differ from each other. The transmission occurs through power lines and other intermediary devices like transformers mounted on poles and substations and at the consumption area, it requires appropriate wiring and meter systems to support it. This is the transformer that converts power being transmitted over the power lines which is usually of high voltage to the power levels that is safely used by the consumer to power appliances. Its usually the last point at which power is modified before providing a supply cable to the consumer which could be home or industrial use. The process of converting high to lower voltage is called step down. The transformer steps down incoming high voltage typically 10KV to 240V single or three phase output. Voltage values however vary between countries with the main types being that of north America at 120V and Europe at 240V being supplied to the consumer.(Ron Kurt us, 2015) The cost of a3 phase power is relatively expensive as compared to single phase in terms of production, extension and the type of meters involved. Also you would find that some places have only single phase and a customer requires a 3 phase line for use. It therefore calls for the conversion of the available single phase to a 3 phase supply. This is made possible by use of phase changers that modifies the single phase to give an output of 3 phase power that is then used by the consumers. However, the single phase input should have sufficient power for this conversion to happen efficiently


The acoustic emission analysis is a technology-based methodology which has its origins in the non-destructive testing. Acoustic emission signals occur among others due to changes in the material structure as a result of external loads. The causes may be mechanisms like crack initiation, crack growth, cavitation, impacts, electrical discharges or friction. With the emergence of such signals in a short time small amounts of energy are released. The respective pulses are in the microsecond range, so that a sampling above the megahertz range is necessary to detect these signals. Based on the advances in digital data processing and the development of high-performance measurement systems, acoustic emission measurement technology has increasingly become the focus of scientific as well as industrial applications. Throughout the past years novel application scenarios on the applicability of acoustic emission technology have been discussed at the Institute for Mineral Resources Machine Technology. The focus of this publication is to summarize the potential of acoustic emission analysis for the following applications: [1]


Introduction. The level of concentration of toxic substances in the atmospheric air of main streets is largely determined by their aeration regime, established due to exposure to air flow of buildings and green spaces. Therefore, when developing master plans of cities and projects of detailed planning of residential formations to ensure hygienic standards for the expected content of emissions of motor transport in the air of transport communications and adjacent residential buildings, the influence of urban factors on wind speed and direction one should take into account.
The aim of the study is the justification and selection of urban planning measures to reduce atmospheric air pollution from main roads and streets by exhaust gases of motor transport.
Material and methods. Full-scale surveys of transport infrastructure facilities in large cities and modelling of the processes of dispersion of exhaust gases of cars in the air using models of residential buildings and green spaces.
Results. The regularities of the formation of the aeration regime of city streets and the dispersion of car emissions behind the landscaping strips and in residential buildings have been established. Optimal variants of planning, development and landscaping of main streets have been determined, ensuring the reduction of gas contamination of pedestrian zones, public spaces and residential areas.
Limitations. The choice of landscaping objects for urban roads and streets for field observations and modelling of car emissions dispersion processes is limited to strips of green spaces of a blown and dense construction, without taking into account the peculiarities of the transformation of the air flow and reducing gas pollution under the influence of landscaping strips of an openwork design.
Conclusions. Reduction of gas pollution of main roads and streets is ensured by choosing the direction of the route and planning, and building techniques. At the same time, it is necessary to use environmental protection linear-strip landscaping facilities of optimal design. At the same time, it should be borne in mind that frontal multi-sectional buildings and strips of green spaces of windproof dense construction stimulate the appearance of stable vortices with a closed circulation of impurities in street canyons and on sections of highways. When choosing urban planning solutions to ensure the quality of atmospheric air of transport communications and adjacent residential buildings in various landscape and climatic conditions, it is necessary to take into account the specifics of the tasks arising in this case to regulate the aeration regime and reclamation of the microclimate as a whole.


In order to maximize adaptations to reach high performance, sports coaches must regularly monitor the healing process following competitions or important training sessions and maintain psychometric status. As a result, the objective of this study was to track heart rate variability (HRV) in elite Spanish female soccer players during match weeks and examine its connection to high-intensity running, psychometric status, and training load. Changes in the nocturnal HRV measured along the square root of differences between adjacent RR intervals of 4 h (rMSSD 4 h) during the first phase of slow wave sleep (rMSSD 5 min), resting heart rate (RHR 4 h and RHR 5 min) were recorded with Firstbeat Bodyguard 2 (Firstbeat Technologies, Jyvaskyla, Finland). Training and match loads were recorded with rating perceived exertion and high-intensity running data by using a global positioning system (GPS) device (SPI-Pro X, GPSports). Ultimately, the psychometric test was recorded by a 5-item questionnaire, and all data were analyzed across three weeks of a competitive season. The day of the match found the lowest HRV, while the day following the match found a substantial (p < 0.01) rise in rMSSD 4 h and rMSSD 5 min. Similarly, these variables showed significant differences two days after the match. Similarly, these variables showed significant differences two days after the match. Furthermore, significant differences were found between the RHR 4 h and RHR 5 min (p < 0.01) and rMSSD 4 h and rMSSD 5 min (p < 0.05) and variables after two days with a higher training load. The results gathered from the psychometric tests, and the various HR markers showed significant associations. As a result, HRV, RHR, and psychometric assessments are probably sensitive to changes in load within a microcycle, providing a straightforward and non-invasive technique to assess changes in the recovery/fatigue status of top-level female soccer players.


Plea-bargaining is a system of administration of justice prevailing in the United States. As a way of criminal judge, it has many advantages as well as disadvantages. For the time being, the situation is not suitable to introduce it. So China should treat the transplanting of this system discreetly.


The application of tolls to the UK's motorway system is expected to put pressure on the remainder of the network which is mainly single carriageway. An increased number of HGVs in particular are anticipated. This paper describes the use of a simulation model OSCA (Overtaking on Single Carriageway - Assessment) to evaluate the effects of overtaking section length and type, traffic directional split and the provision of crawler lanes on traffic operation on single carriageway roads. The relationship between journey speed and flow is also considered. OSCA is a time scanning microscopic simulation model which allows the user to vary the geometry of the road section, road markings , the introduction of auxiliary lane subsections, sight distances, traffic flow and composition, vehicle performance capabilities and desired speeds. For the covering abstract see IRRD 869153.