The ecole unique was controversial from the first time it was introduced in the 1920's by the Compagnons de 1'Universite Nouvelle. Reformers hoped that these free, common junior high schools would eliminate the social divisions between different post-primary programs and minimize class distinctions between students in order to assure each student the education s/he deserved on the basis of hidher intellectual ability and not his/her financial standing. During the Fourth Republic, reformers attempted to introduce both moderate and radical versions of the ecole unique, but none were successful. Not until the Fifth Republic were gradual alterations made. Finally in 1975, education minister Rene Haby introduced France's first real ecoles uniques, named the 'colleges'. Why had it taken 55 years to reform the French secondary education system? Upon reassessing the material available on the subject, and supporting this with new material on the Haby plan, it is apparent that the ecole unique was at the heart of a fierce debate between education reformers and education conservatives imbued with Contradictory educational philosophies. This debate symbolized a traditional split between elitism and democracy in French society, and any compromise between the two signaled defeat, as each side believed the other's success would be made at their expense. More importantly, one must address the question of why the ecole unique, once in place, Was virtually ineffective at solving the problems which reformers had expected it to solve. After exploring the entire reform movement and all of the difficulties encountered by education reformers, one may conclude that the reformers expected far too much from the education system: education itself is incapable of producing social democracy.


Dong Qiao,a well-known essayist in Hong Kong,has made some insightful comments on translation.His translation characterized with economy,elegance and faithfulness is apparently under the influence of the translation concept "hua" advocated by Qian Zhongshu.It is also pointed out in this paper that Dong's serious attitude towards translation is badly needed now and thus should be highly recommended.


The paper attempts to examine the role of direct and indirect technological transfer through FDI on the upgrading of local companies in the Albanian manufacturing sector by employing an explanatory study based on intervieweradministered questionnaires with foreign companies. Preliminary results obtained from sample survey with foreign companies operating in Albania show that the impact of FDI is important in terms of direct technology transfer to local subsidiaries; however, the technology transfer to local companies is limited mainly due to little contact of FDI companies with the host economy. In case where there is contact with local economy, local suppliers benefit (in terms of quality, price and time delivery) more than local customers and local competitors. Main transmission mechanisms involve direct cooperation mainly through informal sharing of views, higher requirements put by foreign companies, as well as through demonstration/imitation effects and labour movement. FDI effects are greater in the manufacturing sectors of food and beverages, and wood and furniture.


Aronia melnocarpa, commonly known as chokeberry, originates from the eastern region of North America and belongs to the Rosaceae family within the Maloideae subfamily. The sour taste of fresh chokeberries makes them infrequently eaten as is, but they find extensive use in the food industry for creating fruit juices, fruit teas, wines, jams, jellies, and dietary supplements. Chokeberries represent a source of a wide range of bioactive compounds with potential health benefits for humans. Among the effects supporting human health are antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties, as well as protection for the heart, liver, and nervous system. The abundant presence of polyphenols, such as phenolic acids, flavonols, anthocyanins, flavanols, and proanthocyanidins, plays a crucial role in conferring the remarkable bioactivity of chokeberries. These compounds are responsible for many of the health benefits associated with the consumption of chokeberries. Chokeberry fruits and their derived products showcase notable antioxidant properties and have the potential to promote health by effectively reducing the formation of free radicals. In this review, a comprehensive analysis of scientific research has been conducted to explore the polyphenolic compounds found in chokeberries, as well as their antioxidant potential. The findings in this review are likely to have a significant impact on future research focused on developing functional food products based on chokeberries. Chokeberries possess the potential to serve as food constituents intentionally crafted to augment antioxidant capacity. However, similar to other natural plants and medicinal products, conducting extensive research is crucial to assess the antioxidant potential, safety, and mechanisms of action of chokeberries. Therefore, the aim is to make a positive contribution to the continuation of research on the positive effects of chokeberry on health.


Over a period of some 5 years Canadian Astronautics Limited (CAL) has developed a system to autonomously manage, and thus prolong the life of, secondary storage batteries. During the development, the system has been aimed at the space vehicle application using nickel cadmium batteries, but is expected to be able to enhance the life and performance of any rechargeable electro-chemical couple. The system handles the cells of a battery individually and thus avoids the problems of over, an_under, drive that inevitably occur in a battery of cells managed by an averaging system. This individual handling also allows cells to be totally bypassed in the event of failure, thus avoiding the losses associated with low capacity, partial short circuit, and the catastrophe of open circuit. The system has an optional capability of managing redundant batteries simultaneously, adding the advantage of on line reconditioning of one battery ,while the other maintains the energy storage capability of the overall system. As developed, the system contains a dedicated, redundant, microprocessor, but the capability exists to have this computing capability time shared, or remote, and operating through a data link. As adjuncts to the basic management system CAL has developed high efficiency, poly phase, power regulators for charge and discharge power conditioning. A number of the units comprizing the system were developed to the level of qualification hardware, including a fully redundant discharge converter.


ABSTRACT Religion is a cross-cultural phenomenon that is deserving of an evolutionary explanation. One of the seemingly universal characteristics of religion is its emphasis on purity-related rituals. These rituals may be a clue to the biological and evolutionary underpinnings of religion. It may be that religion is an evolutionarily evoked disease-avoidance strategy. Adopting this perspective can help us better understand some of the most perplexing questions that religion poses. It can help us understand the universal nature of purity-related religious practices, the relation between religious conservatism and prejudice, sex differences in religiosity, and regional differences in religious participation. Lastly, approaching religion from a disease-avoidance perspective can open the doors to an interdisciplinary framework that emphasizes the bio-cultural roots of religion and provides a basis for deriving novel hypotheses.


The main determinants of foreign direct investment in China are analyzed quantitatively and dynamically based on Dunning's eclectic theory and empirical models corresponding to location†specific advantages, ownership†specific advantages and internalization advantage. More specifically, the correlation between each OLI variable and FDI is tested and explained in detail. It is concluded that monopolistic advantages of technology and management experience of foreign investors along with China's low labor cost and great market potential might be important factors attracting FDI in China. In addition, using an internal market to establish a network of international production might also be an important determinant for foreigners to directly invest in China. Others might include searching for attractive yields available in equity investment, devaluation of the Chinese currency, distance, culture and global business strategies.


The Cu2(3-Ibz)4(L)2 paddlewheel unit (3-Ibz = 3-iodobenzoate) has been synthesised with a series axial ligands L, that are either nonlinear (L2 = pyrimidine), asymmetric (L = 2,6-dimethylpyrazine, 3-cyanopyridine, 4-cyanopyridine) or hydrogen bond-enabled (L = nicotinamide, MeOH). The crystal structures of these compounds have been used to investigate the potential competition or cooperation between coordination bond, halogen bond and hydrogen bond formation in the propagation of network structures comprising these building blocks. In all but one example the paddlewheel unit was formed. Propagation of the resulting networks via the axial ligand results in hydrogen-bonded networks where strong hydrogen bonding groups are available, but in other cases leads to a coordination network, a halogen-bonded network, or a network propagated via π–π interactions. In all but two of the seven crystal structures reported halogen bonds involving the iodobenzoate ligands are formed, typically propagating networks in orthogonal directions to that involving the axial ligands.


A series of drug-resistant variants of the murine Lewis lung carcinoma (3LL-CK) cell line has been isolated using stepwise selection in increasing concentrations of doxorubicin. These variants exhibited classical multidrug resistance as evidenced by decreased doxorubicin accumulation, cross-resistance to vinblastine, reversibility of resistance by verapamil, and overexpression of P-glycoprotein. When the doxorubicin-resistant 3LL-CK cell populations were injected into the tail veins of B6D2F1 mice, their metastatic abilities were consistently reduced compared with that of the parental line.


Introduction: High adenosine (ADO) in the tumor microenvironment suppresses the immune response against cancer cells by inhibiting immune effector functions and promoting the development of immunosuppressive cells. Extracellular ADO can be generated from ATP released by cells undergoing stress or death through the combined actions of the ecto-nucleotidases CD39 (ATP to AMP) and CD73 (AMP to ADO). Inhibition of ADO production via CD73 is a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of cancer. Methods: The potency of CB-708 was evaluated against recombinant CD73 and CD73-expressing cells using a malachite green assay. Selectivity against related ecto-nucleotidases was also assessed. Inhibition of CD73 in plasma was measured using LC/MS to assess conversion of 15N5-AMP into 15N5-ADO. The ability to reverse AMP-mediated immune suppression of human CD8+ T cells was determined by adding exogenous AMP during T cell activation. T cell proliferation was assayed by flow cytometry and cytokine levels were measured by ELISA. The EG7 syngeneic tumor model was used to assess the therapeutic effect of CB-708. Results: CB-708 is an orally bioavailable small molecule inhibitor that can potently inhibit both soluble human CD73 (IC50 = 170 pM) and cell-bound human CD73 (IC50 = 210 pM), but does not inhibit human CD39 (IC50>10 µM), ENTPD2 (IC50>10 µM), nor ENTPD3 (IC50>10 µM). CB-708 retained high potency in the presence of plasma and reversed AMP-mediated suppression of human CD8+ T cell proliferation and production of IFNγ (EC50 = 4.5 nM) and granzyme B (EC50 = 5.6 nM) in vitro. Orally administered CB-708 had dose-dependent single-agent tumor growth inhibition in the EG7 mouse syngeneic tumor model and that was associated with pharmacodynamic inhibition of plasma CD73. Enhanced tumor growth inhibition was observed when anti-PD-L1 was combined with a highly related analog of CB-708 in the EG7 model. Conclusion: CB-708 is an orally bioavailable and highly potent small molecule inhibitor of CD73. CB-708 reverses the immunosuppressive effects of AMP-derived ADO in vitro and in vivo and leads to anti-tumor activity as a monotherapy. CB-708 is expected to enter clinical development in 2019. Citation Format: Clarissa C. Lee, Deepthi Bhupathi, Roland J. Billedeau, Jason Chen, Lijing Chen, Ethan D. Emberley, Matthew I. Gross, Tony Huang, Weiqun Li, Yong Ma, Andrew L. Mackinnon, Amani Makkouk, Gisele M. Marguier, Silinda Neou, Francesco Parlati, Natalija Sotirovska, Timothy F. Stanton, Susanne M. Steggerda, Jing Zhang, Winter Zhang, Jim Li. Reversal of adenosine-mediated immune suppression by CB-708, an orally bioavailable and potent small molecule inhibitor of CD73 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4134.


One of the new methods of electronic payment could utilise radio signals for the exchanges between the payment terminal and user's mobile radio terminals. For prepayment, with or without the use of a smart card, there could be access to functions such as a help service, the recharging of a cash account, and payment as well as access to a service or to goods. For post-payment, the payment is made via a telephone or radio interface with a remote payment terminal. This system would provide the customers with a universal passport giving access to services or goods, and the suppliers with universal prepayment and a more viable payment service.


This study aims to determine what factors influence consumer decisions to buy through an online shop. The factors that the researchers took were perceived benefits, perceived risks, hedonic motivation, psychological factors, and web design. This research is a quantitative study by taking a study at ITB AAS Indonesia. The population in this study were all academicians of ITB AAS Indonesia who have ever made purchases on the line shop. The sample in this study amounted to 142. The technique of collecting data by distributing questionnaires and interviews. The analytical method used is multiple linear regression analysis. The results obtained in this study are the variables of perceived usefulness, hedonic motivation, and web design have a positive and significant effect on online shop purchasing decisions. Meanwhile, risk perception and psychological factors do not have a significant effect.


A multijunction structure was applied on an organic photovoltaic (OPV) device for broadening the absorption spectrum and enhancing the power conversion efficiency through charge transfer process. By inserting the tris[4-(2-thienyl)]amine (TTPA) into a boron subphthalocyanine chloride (SubPc)/C60 OPV device, the short circuit current density (Jsc) showed a 47.5% increases from 3.05 to 4.50 mA/cm2 in the bilayer planar heterojunction device, while the open circuit voltage (Voc) remained constant. Based on the single junction (TTPA/SubPc) device and photoluminescence absorption results, we confirmed both TTPA/SubPc and SubPc/C60 junctions are contributing to the exciton dissociation process hence the efficiency enhancement.


Approval is requested based on the information in this Mission Need Statement for The Department of Energy, Idaho Operations Office (DOE-ID) to develop a project in support of the mission established by the Office of Environmental Management to "complete the safe cleanup of the environmental legacy brought about from five decades of nuclear weapons development and government-sponsored nuclear energy research". DOE-ID requests approval to develop the Idaho Spent Fuel Facility Project that is required to implement the Department of Energy's decision for final disposition of spent nuclear fuel in the Geologic Repository at Yucca Mountain. The capability that is required to prepare Spent Nuclear Fuel for transportation and disposal outside the State of Idaho includes characterization, conditioning, packaging, onsite interim storage, and shipping cask loading to complete shipments by January 1,2035. These capabilities do not currently exist in Idaho.


Objective To investigate the effect of adverse ergonomic factors on workers' health in jewelry processing factories,and to provide important evidence for the improvement of jewelry processing conditions. Methods Ergonomic workplace analysis,questionnaire and physical examination were used upon 254 persons of observation group and 188 persons of compared group,which evaluated the adverse ergonomic factors and checked their muscle bone condition. Results The adverse ergonomic factors included humdrum opertation,bad posture and action,high attention. The prevalences of pains in lower back,right arm,right and left fingers (35.4%,22.8%,20.5%,20.5%) were respectively higher in observation group than those in control group(24.5%、11.7%、4.3%、4.3%)(all P0.01). The prevalences of pains in cervical vertebra and lumbar vertebra(17.3%,7.1%) through physical examination were much higher in observation group than those in control group(10.1%,2.7%). Conclusion Adverse ergonomic factors are relevant to high prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in jewel processing factories.


Investigations on sun and shade leaves allow students to compare plant growth patterns in different environments and to appreciate plants as slow-motion combatants for light as a resource Plants can respond developmental^ to many environmental stimuli. Sun and shade leaves are an example of an acclimation to light intensity. This paper describes how this phenomenon can be used as a stimulating vehicle for teaching plant ecophysiology to undergraduates. Detailed protocols for investigations are outlined, with an appendix relating to studies in schools. We also provide representative data and introduce topics for classroom or tutorial discussion.


Extensively revised and updated, the Encyclopedia of American Education covers the entire span of American education from the colonial period to the present. Containing more than 2,000 entries, this three-volume work provides a wealth of information on virtually every aspect of education, from the evolution of school curriculum, education funding, and church-state controversies to the latest debates on multiculturalism, prayer in school, and sex education. Updated appendixes, including an extensive bibliography for each subject area; a general chronology of American education since 1607; a summary of significant federal education legislation since 1787; a listing of every major U.S. Supreme Court decision affecting education - including eight new rulings handed down since the first edition was published; and a listing of graduate school offerings in education, undergraduate education majors, and undergraduate majors at American colleges greatly enhance the reference value of this resource. Coverage Includes: Education and reform movements; Legal issues and landmarks; Key education theories; The role of computers and technology in education; Bilingual education; Violence and crime in schools; Up-to-date entries on the history, trends, and quality of education in each of the fifty states. New and revised entries include: American Sign Language; Athletic Scholarships; Autism; Board of Regents vs. Southworth; Boys Town; Children's Aid Society; Disabilities Education Act; Distance Learning; Hazing; Mitchell vs. Helms; Orton Gillingham Method; Veronia Schools District 47J vs. Acton.


ABSTRACT A system-level analysis has been completed to assess the accuracy of cloud base height (CBH) products of lower-altitude water clouds created from Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) data collected by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (S-NPP) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS). While the analysis focused on the CBH products, it necessarily included an assessment of other key, upstream VIIRS cloud products, including VIIRS cloud top height (CTH), VIIRS cloud optical thickness (COT), and VIIRS cloud effective particle size (EPS). The COT and EPS products are used to derive a geometric cloud thickness, which is then subtracted from the CTH product to generate the CBH product. Thus, a system-level analysis is critical to establishing the detailed algorithm error budget needed to identify the major sources of errors in the CBH product and help focus future research efforts to improve this important cloud product. As a consequence, ground-based data collected at the US Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) sites became most useful for conducting this system-level analysis. Therefore, match-up data sets were created between VIIRS cloud products and DOE ARM site data sets from June 2013 to October 2015, and while the primary focus was on the highest-quality data at the Lamont, OK ARM site, data were analysed from a total of four ARM sites. The initial results showed the errors in the VIIRS CBH products, compared to the ARM site data sets, to be large and highly variable; however, errors in VIIRS COT and the derived VIIRS cloud geometric thickness were much smaller. Consequently, the VIIRS CTH products were replaced with the ARM CTH products, which substantially reduced the variability and errors in the VIIRS CBH products. It is concluded that the performance of the VIIRS CBH products is most strongly correlated with errors in the VIIRS CTH products, while errors in COT and geometric cloud thicknesses are acceptable. Thus, future research is needed to reduce the errors in the VIIRS CTH products in order to ensure the VIIRS CBH products are suitable for civilian and military aerodrome operations.


[3,3]-Sigmatropic rearrangement of isoprenyl azides has been extensively investigated in an experimental and theoretical level. Prenylazides with different chain lengths and phenyl prenylazide have been synthesized. NMR analysis of each azide has been made to determine the equilibrium composition, showing the predominance of primary allyl azides over the tertiary ones and E over Z isomer, regardless of the chain length, temperature, solvent or the regiochemistry of the precursor isoprenyl alcohol. It was determined that phenyl prenylazides do not experience [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement. In order to rationalize the experimental results and to gain insight in the mechanism of the [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement of prenylazides a theoretical study was performed using density functional theory and the QTAIM approach.


The Canada Revenue Agency (CRA) warns all Canadians to beware of telephone calls, mail, or email that claim to be from the CRA but are not.


Lumbosacral transitional vertebrae(LSTVs) is a common within the spine, and their association with low back pain has been debated in the literature for nearly a century. It affects 4-8% of the population. LSTVs are congenital spinal anomalies defined as either sacralization of the lowest lumbar segment or mbarization of the most superior sacral segment of the spine. These anomalies are usually identified incidentally because CT is not typically indicated solely to identify LSTVs, due to radiation concerns, nor is it the preferred imaging technique used to evaluate patients with nontraumatic low back pain.Correct identification of an LSTV is essential because there are important clinical implications. Inaccurate identification may lead to surgical and procedural errors and poor correlation with clinical symptoms.


Rich archeological findings and documentary materials have proved that the ancient Yue people had the custom of worshipping holy wood,which reflected in the wide use of dugout coffin,dugout canoe and the carved totem pole made of a single wood.The sacred tree worship now prevailing among the ethnic minorities in South China has very close relationship to the holy wood worship of the ancient Yue people.


The introduction to This Is Our School! posits that it is critical to study grassroots community mobilization in order to understand how the national elite school reform movement shapes local education politics. I situate this work within larger theoretical discussions of neoliberal education reform, and specifically the role that racial and class inequalities play in shaping urban education policy. I then posit that a social movement perspective provides an important way to understand the larger neoliberal processes of urban transformation, public education, and race relations. This introductory chapter emphasizes that in order to understand the capacity for community movements to steer neoliberal reform to local ends, we must first understand how various grassroots educational justice movements coalesce (and why they fail to coalesce) into broader educational justice movements. This chapter introduces the idea that racial and class inequalities powerfully shape local movements for public schooling, and thus limit the potential for grassroots organizing to more effectively coalesce in order to reclaim education as a public good.


We characterize essentially commuting dual Toeplitz operators with bounded measurable symbols and bounded pluriharmonic symbols on the Bergman space of the polydisk respectively.


The edited book by Sidali, Spiller and Schulze resulted after a conference held in Gottingen, Germany, in December 2009. The Gottingen conference, as it is stated in the preface, "originat[ed] from the need stressed by several scholars to devote more research to the complex relationship between the local food producers and processors on the one hand and the tourist industry on the other" (p. xi). This subsequent edited text builds connections for researchers to understand the quickly developing phenomenon occurring between farming and tourism in many countries around the world. The book is structured into three parts, each entitled, respectively, farm and rural tourism; food, wine and tourism; and new avenues of research. The historical perspectives, research and case studies provide an interdisciplinary approach to the subject area being covered. In the introductory chapter, Professor Claudio Visentin, from the University of Lugano, outlines interdisciplinarity is not just the bringing together of specific perspectives on a subject from different disciplines; rather, he states, "interdisciplinarity is a means to identify and study new themes that single disciplines would not be able to put into focus, describe and interpret by themselves" (p. xiii). With the predominance of the contributors to this edition coming from agricultural and tourism backgrounds, it does lend itself to providing an interdisciplinary approach. An interdisciplinary approach on the subject is refreshing in contrast to the more common stance being seen in the literature of looking at the phenomenon from a single discipline or just through an economic lens. Sidali and her colleagues have taken great steps presenting us with research focused on Germany and Italy. I found the book to be very insightful in explaining the path taken and current state of tourism on farms in these two countries. Also I learned how the transition into agritourism in these particular countries has been somewhat different than what is occurring in North America. The book therefore helps stress the regional differences associated with agritourism where its start-up and operation reflect the political and legislative frameworks as well as the local characteristics and heritage of agriculture found within a particular area. In short, the book provided a very clear portrait of the state of agritourism in both Germany and Italy. This in turn re-enforced for me some common, shared ideas and perspectives about tourism on farms regardless of where they are physically located, while at the same time presenting new approaches, challenges and ideas unique to Germany and Italy. Prior to reviewing this book I believed both countries had rich and well-established farm-based tourism products; it was interesting to actually find out that their farmers are also seeking new and innovative opportunities to welcome visitors onto their farms through education, food and wine. The last four chapters dedicated to "New avenues of research" presents tourism research using online technologies and e-marketing which are becoming very important in how visitors plan, purchase, consume and keep


1. The hypothesis was tested that perennial plants surviving in habitats frequently disturbed by floods should demonstrate the ability to escape the frequently scoured surficial zone by using refugia located deeper in the substrate. As a consequence, they should allocate more biomass to their underground parts than when growing in rarely disturbed habitats.

2. The allocation of biomass of three aquatic macrophytes (Berula erecta, Groenlandia densa, Myriophyllum spicatum) to their different organs (underground and above-ground parts) was measured in former river channels organized along a gradient of scouring flood disturbances.

3. For each species, biomass allocation to underground parts varied between sites: from 10.2 to 37.5% in B. erecta, from 14.9 to 31.1% in G. densa and from 8.4 to 23.2% in M. spicatum. It was correlated to the flood disturbance level of the site for B. erecta and M. spicatum but not for G. densa. No relationship was found between biomass allocation to underground parts and sediment richness.

4. The plasticity in biomass allocation of these three macrophyte species appears to be an adaptation to the variability in environmental conditions and implies difficulties in the classification of plant primary strategies, when this type of plasticity is ignored.


Residential spatial differentiation is an important social issue for every large city to explore. The "subcultural" clusters formed by the subjective choices of a city's residents divide the living spaces of the city and create residential differentiation. A study of this phenomenon would help to facilitate the allocation of urban resources and the formulation of relevant development strategies. In recent years, Hangzhou, one of the major developed cities in China, has seen a gradual increase in the proportion of its non-local population. Employing principal component analysis and K-means clustering, this study investigated the city's spatial differentiation of living spaces at the community level and identified the social clustering areas. The Shannon-Wiener index and the index of dissimilarity were used to examine the degree of residential segregation in each administrative district. The results showed that the functional distinctions among the districts of Hangzhou were pronounced and had certain degrees of class solidification. A certain spatial coupling was observed between residential differentiation and housing prices. More reasonable allocations of social resources would help to ameliorate the negative effects caused by the spatial differentiation of living spaces.


A model for propagation of laser breakdown and detonation waves in droplets is described in detail. The model explicitly accounts for the evolution of the plasma and its coupling to the laser radiation. Results obtained with the model are compared with experiment for laser-induced breakdown of water droplets. Model predictions are found to agree well with experimental observations. Calculations show that laser-pulse modulation results in more efficient coupling of laser radiation to droplet.


We introduce an ultrasensitive detection technique for refractive index (RI) sensing based on an array of nanometer scale slot-antennas milled in a thin gold layer using a single lithographic step. Our experimental figures of merit (FOMs) of 140–210 in the telecom wavelength range approach the fundamental limit for standard propagating SPR sensors (∼250).The underlying mechanism enabling this is the combination of a narrowband resonance of the slot-antennas with degeneracy breaking of Wood's anomaly under slightly nonperpendicular illumination. In addition, we explore the sensitivity of the device to the depth of the analyte layer. This concept can be easily tuned to any desired wavelength and RI range by modifying the slot dimensions and the array spacing, thus rendering it highly useful for numerous sensing applications.


Collagen is widely used in numerous fields and has considerable economic value, so it is more and more important tu study the molecular structure of collagen. Progress in studying the structure of collagen at home and abroad in recent years was summarized, especially the main tissue distribution, type and structure of collagen were introduced in detail in order to provide the theory guidance for more effective use of collagen.


Mr Rivera, right-handed and aged 91 years, had been living an active, independent life until he lifted a gallon of milk and noted severe pain in his right arm. He had a previous known diagnosis of Paget's disease. A radiograph revealed a nondisplaced fracture, and he was placed in a cast. Follow-up radiographs demonstrated a nonhealing fracture and an enlarging mass in this region. Biopsy revealed a high-grade osteosarcoma. Further diagnostic studies demonstrated bilateral pulmonary metastases. Given his advanced age, palliative parenteral chemotherapy was not offered. Pain management for severe arm pain was initiated.


A common problem with CCD sensors is their inefficiency to accurately record gray level information in the shadow range of an image. This problem is magnified on original copy having important detail in the midtone to shadow range. Consequently, when this type of an image is scanned gray levels in the shadow range of the reproduction are not easily discerned. This study examines two areas, the recording consistency across the scanning sensor and the gray level recording for a desktop six bit scanner. The former determined how consistently density information is recorded across the sensor, while the latter determines the amount of gray level discerned by the scanner. The result from scanning a three step scale in the consistency test showed that the scanner was not capable of consistently recording across the imaging sensor. These inconsistencies were more pronounced in the medium and dark steps in the test scale reproduction. The medium step reproduced ten distinct gray levels, while the dark step reproduced four distinct gray levels. The test results from the gray level recording capability test showed that 38 out of 64 possible gray levels were recorded by the scanner. This resulted in 59% efficiency in the gray level recording. The sensitivity density range which the scanner was capable of recording corresponded to a .41 . density range. (.08 to .49)


Recent surveys by qualified medical teams have revealed an enormous degree of sleep-related problems from simple insomnia to the inexplicable nocturnal death syndrome. It has been suggested that as many as 32% of the population of industrialized countries have suffered some form of sleep disorders. Comprising over 800 entries in an A-Z format, this encyclopaedia contains descriptions of the most frequently occurring sleep disorders - insomnia, narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and nocturnal eating syndrome and remedies, including "home" remedies and over-the-counter products. In addition, the authors have included an extended introductory essay on "The History of Man and Sleep" and "Psychology and Sleep" to give a broad overview of the field.


The state is in a fiscal emergency that has been evolving for five years. This report discusses the governor's budget message of January 20, the Legislative Analyst's Office (LAO) response and the final budget package approved by the governor on September 24, 2008. There is agreement regarding the scope and immediacy of the crisis but not on the policies that will best address the fiscal imbalance in the coming budget cycle or in future years. The governor has focused his solutions on program cuts while the LAO has recommended a more balanced approach be taken with regard to cutting expenditures and enhancing revenues. The final package is a $143 billion spending plan that relies heavily on accounting maneuvers such as moving tax receipts from one year to the next and borrowing against future lottery earnings to be approved by voters. Substantive changes to either increases in revenue or cuts in expenditures are absent from the 2008-09 budget (Steinhauer 2008).


muscle, and certain internal organs such as the gastrointestinal tract, lung, heart and kidney (1). PSS pursues an unrelenting deteriorating course with death caused by hypertensive renal disease, cardiac failure, pulmonary insufficiency, overwhelming infection, intestinal malabsorption, or malnutrition. Although there are no specific strategies of treatment for PSS, corticosteroids traditionally have been used and have been found to be beneficial for the treatment of inflammatory myositis, refractory arthritis , symptomatic serositis and inflammatory interstitial pneumonitis (2, 3). However, many cases have


Vacuum waste collection (1a) continuous system sequentially selected by pressing a plurality of branch emptying and transportation of waste, transport the next intersection between each sequence branches (1,2,3,4) wherein the central waste collection point and each order from a branch before the intersection (1,2,3,4) between the feeding distance and the central waste collection point (6) the same as or shorter; by continuous operation of an air inlet valve corresponding branch (av1, av2, av3, av4, av5), from the selected conveyance branch collective accumulation of waste to a central waste collection point (6). Except the last one in each branch of the selected branches, by opening the respective air inlet valve (av1, av2, av3, av4, av5) until the transport pipe system of the waste detector (WO) to detect the waste has elapsed intersection (1,2,3,4) go to the next branch, and then switch to the next branch continued to accumulate waste transported to a central waste collection point (6). In the last branch, accumulated waste transported to a central waste collection point (6).


In one patient who suffered from urethrorectal fistula and in another who had his right and left ureter transplanted, respectively, into sigmoid and to skin, the urine obtained from the bowel and bladder or ureter was chemically analyzed. In one dog with an isolated distal colon the chemistry of saline solution instilled into the rectum was studied. The results obtained were as follows: The reabsorption of sodium, potassium, ammonia and chloride from the bowel, particularly the higher reabsorption of chloride than the fixed base, was potent in the disturbance of the normal regulation of the constancy of the internal environment. Evidence of increased demand on the kidney function was our finding that the bladder urine was very acid. In the exchange between CI-and HCO-3 in the colonic mucosa, which might be a cause of increased loss of body alkali, there resulted an increase of bicarbonate concentrations, a higher pH and an excessive loss of chloride in the bowel urine. The reabsorption of sodium from the bowel exceeded that of the chloride and the amount of bicarbonate in the bowel urine decreased when the extremly alkaline urine following the administration of diamox passed into the colon.


Objective:The purpose of this article was to investigate the effect of celecoxib(COX-2 inhibitor) on the aggressiveness of Tca8113 cell line.Methods:Traditional scape migration assay were used to examine the invasion of Tca8113 cells.After Tca8113 cells were treated with celecoxib,MTT assay was used to examine the adhesion between cancer cell and extracellular matrix.Transwell assay was used to examine the capability of invasion.Results:Celecoxib(10 and 20 μmol/L)significantly decreased the invasion ability of Tca8113 cells in vitro by 54% and 73% respectively(P 0.001).After the treatment of celecoxib for 24 h,the adhesion and invasion were decreased remarkably(P 0.001).Conclusion:Celecoxib may inhibit adhesion and invasion of Tca8113 cells in a dose-dependent manner to certain degree.


An efficient approach to the synthesis of chiral selenoureas consisting of Cinchona alkaloid scaffolds was described. The new selenoureas were assessed as bifunctional organocatalysts in the asymmetric Michael addition reactions under mild conditions. The best results were obtained for selenoureas bearing the 4-fluorophenyl group. These catalysts promoted the reactions with enantioselectivities of up to 96% ee. Additionally, the catalytic performance of the thiourea and selenourea counterpart was compared.


For the fixed invariability of control parameters in the PID closed-loop control algorithm of existing mobile robot, and the poor real-time response and stability of robot chassis to the upper machine motion control command, a robot motion control system is designed based on BP neural network PID motion control algorithm. Firstly, according to the three-wheel omni-directional mobile robot motion characteristics and the principle of neural network PID control algorithm, the control system is modeled and simulated on simulink, it theoretically demonstrates that the BP neural network PID closed-loop control algorithm is superior to the traditional PID control algorithm. The simulation results show that the overshoot is small and the real-time performance is good, which can greatly improve the flexibility and stability of the system. Then, through the top-down design method by Verilog language, the FPGA design of BP neural network PID closed-loop control system is carried out. The three-wheel omni-directional mobile robot chassis is used as the experimental platform, which is controlled by the robot upper machine to follow and avoid obstacles. The test results show that the control system improves the robot's running speed by 11.6% and accuracy by 13.4%. Compared with the open-loop control system, which effectively verifies the feasibility and practicability of the closed-loop control system.


In the wake of the financial crisis, Credit Rating Agencies (CRAs) have been criticized for having played a significant role in the market turmoil. Numerous reports have identified failures on the part of CRAs that have affected the quality and integrity of the rating process. In light of the critiques, a strong consensus has emerged among policymakers that regulatory intervention is needed. In Canada, the European Union and the United States, policymakers have opted for registration systems. Three major areas of reform should be pursued. The first pertains to the elimination of regulatory references to ratings. The second area relates to the development of a due diligence obligation for institutional investors with respect to the creditworthiness of issuers. The final area of reform concerns the disclosure of information on underlying assets by issuers of structured finance products. Given that these reforms imply important changes to the regulatory landscape, an incremental approach is the preferable route.


The heat shock protein 70(Heat stock protein HSP70)is a kind of important stress protein,which is often highly expressed in tumor, particularly in breast cancer.HSP70 can combine together with the products of oncogene and tumor suppressor gene to make the tumor cells resistant to apoptosis.At present,HSP70 is thought to be involved in the process of tumor immune responses,and HSP70-peptide complex extracted from the tumor has the tumor-specific immunogenicity,which can induce specific anti-tumor immune responses.As a breast cancer vaccine,HSP70-peptide complex has a good clinical application prospects.


we believe there is a grave danger that many professional men will by-pass the private practice of their profession. The trend today is definitely toward becoming an employed person. This situation also contributes to a maldistribution of physicians, since it makes the large city more attractive to the young professional man by providing more opportunities for him to become employed. On the basis of our observations over many years, we are convinced that this is one of the factors contributing to the pronounced migration of professional people into urban areas. So, quite apart from the objective of obtaining tax equality with our employed counterparts, we urge you to approve legislation of this type because it is in the public interest.' &dquo;


Mobile wireless networks are undoubtedly one of the main drivers of industrial development and economic growth in modern societies. This central role explains current trends which indicate unequivocally that future cellular systems must cope with enormous increase in user-capacity coupled with a reduction in energy consumption. However, as of recently, this scalability/efficiency problem has been addressed through infrastructural and topological enhancements to the existing wireless networks. This will create additional spatial domain, which will serve as a means to solve the scalability/efficiency issue. Along with this, challenges in the form of signal interference remains the main adversary of systems engineers. Compounding the problem is the current wireless framework, which predominantly consists of diverse inter-connected devices in highly dense and mobile environment, and thus, intuitively inter- and intra- interferences are guaranteed to prevail. In this thesis, despite traditional concept that identify interference as a deleterious phenomenon, we have investigated two approaches that contemplate interference as a beneficial resource. The first approach exploits the interference at the baseband level, and leads to multiuser precoding which ultimately results in improved quality of service, such as achievable rate, especially for cell-edge users. On the other hand, the second concept exploits interference as means to trick (jam) potential intruders (eavesdroppers). In the continuously evolving wireless environment, there exists broad range of financial, political and environmental applications that require confidential and secure transmission of information, this prompt devising security measures as a paramount task. In this sequel, physical layer security (PLS) measures have been proposed as alternative to the more complex upper layer encryption and cryptographic protocols.


FIBROIDS arise in mialformiled uteri as well as in those of normal shape. The specim-ien, the subject of this communication, I removed from a spinster aged 32. She was admitted into the Chelsea Hospital for Women on a diagnosis of pelvic tumour, and it was quite easy to feel a lump in the hypogastrium. Vaginal examination was difficult on account of the extreme narrowness of what eventually proved to be the right vaginal passage. The mass was regarded as a cervix


Abstract : A method for attacking a wide variety of commonly occurring heat- transfer problems is presented. The method stems from a mathematical model obtained by dividing a system into pieces. The differential equation of the temperature of each piece with respect to time is derived considering heat sources and heat transfer by conduction and radiation. The resulting system of first-order ordinary differential equations is put in a form convenient for programming a numerical solution by defining coefficients in terms of the data of the system. Form-surface factors are a generalization of form factors to include multiple reflections. The factor is defined and discussed. A formula is derived for the factor in terms of the form factors and the reflectivities. The form-surface factor relations for the conservation of energy and the reciprocity law are derived. Methods of calculation are discussed. A FORTRAN subroutine is presented that calculates the form-surface factors from the form factors and the reflectivities.


Previously ignored in the clinic, Charcot's neutrophic theory in relation to diseases of bones and joints has recently found an increasing number of supporters. At the same time, more and more attention is paid in this respect to the autonomic nervous system (veg. N. S.). Some of the authors, such as Goering, even support the presence of special trophic vegetative fibers for bone tissue.


Runaway electrons present a potential threat to the safe operation of future nuclear fusion large facilities based on the tokamak principle (e.g., ITER). The article presents an implementation of runaway electron current estimations at COMPASS tokamak. The method uses a theoretical method developed by Fujita et al., with the difference in using experimental measurements from EFIT and Thomson scattering. The procedure was explained on the COMPASS discharge number 7298, which has a significant runaway electron population. Here, it was found that at least 4 kA of the plasma current is driven by the runaway electrons. Next, the method aws used on the set of plasma discharges with the variable electron plasma density. The difference in the plasma current was explained by runaway electrons, and their current was estimated using the aforementioned method. The experimental results are compared with the theory and simulation. The comparison presented some disagreements, showing the possible direction for the code development. Additional application on runaway electron energy limit is also addressed.


The main purposes of this study are replacing conventional hydro-thermal method by microwave heating using water as reaction medium to rapidly synthesize TiO2.Titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTIP) was hydrolyzed in water. The solution is subsequently processed with microwave heating for crystal growth. The reaction time could be shortened into few minutes. Then we chose different acids as dispersion agents to prepare TiO2 paste for investigating the effects of dispersion on the power conversion efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). The photovoltaic performance of the microwave-assisted synthesized TiO2 achieved power conversion efficiency of 6.31% under AM 1.5 G condition (100 mW/cm2). This PCE value is compatible with that of the devices made from commercial TiO2.


High density polyethylene(HDPE)and wood flour are selected as raw materials,and maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene(MAPE) as compatibilizing agent,the wood-plastic composites are prepared by compression molding process.By changing their kinds and amount in the composites,the effects of antioxidants on the thermo-oxidative aging of the composites are investigated.The results show that the application of antioxidants can make the composites become more thermo-oxidative aging resistant,among all the selected antioxidants,octadecyl β-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate(1076) by 1.5%~2.0%(wt) of the total amount of HDPE and MAPE has the best positive effect.


Leaching studies of nuclear waste glasses are important from the view point that they are to be stored for very long period under burial. Glasses were melted in the Borosilicate, Phosphate and Pure silicate systems. In the present work we could melt the glass at much lower temperature (even at 750C) with a soaking period of 30 min-1 hr which were earlier reported to be melted not below 1000C. Lead Iron Phosphate(LIP) glasses are a special category in this system of glasses, the effect of the particular source of lead as modifier was also distinct. LIP glasses have a several advantages such as aqueous corrosion rate , lower processing temperature etc. Considering that the glass will be utilized to incorporate nuclear waste with some of the fission products which are highly volatile, the lower the glass processing temperatures the better will be the glass melt. The effect of different modifier ions like Pb, Ba, Na, Fe, Al, Y, Ca, Ce and Sr in each of the basic glass system viz, borosilicate and phosphate networks on meltings and time of melting has been found to be evident. The pH determination ranging from 6.43 up to 8.18 of the leachate solution at ambient temperature under varying time intervals shows interesting and regular variations. The results are in conformity with the change of equilibrium pH under varying leaching time reported by other authors. The leaching study of such glasses under Soxhlet condition shows lead (Pb) to be a superior candidate as modifier towards leach resistance. The findings have been corroborated in terms of ionic size, ionic radii and hence ionic potential of the modifier ions incorporated into the glass structure.


A clean Si(111) flat surface was irradiated by pulsed Nd‐YAG laser beams. STM observation of the irradiated surfaces indicates that the laser irradiation generates two kinds of corrugations: rounded hills 100 Å high and 600 Å wide and small spikes 20 Å high and 35 Å wide. The corrugations grew and spread with repeated irradiation and increased laser power. The heating of the irradiated surface at 1200°C for 5 s smoothed the surface atomically, but no ordered structure was observed, possibly due to the covering contaminants released from the surfaces surrounding the specimen by laser irradiation and heating.


vision of M ' • Bellmont and the uc department; officials are profrom among University athletes, the w h o le n anagement is left to h y s ic a l training departm ent. Dr. P e n i r k is in charge of the tenGiris are admitted this year for m a t te r an(j in way j)e a j)lt rst time to the state tennis con, p]ace responsibility There has been much speculation as to the exact punishm ent th a t will be m eted out, but the common knowl edge is to the effect th a t the main object to be a t ta ined is the provision th a t the practice will not be repeated At a recent meeting of Reugan Lit e ra ry Society the following program was given: " Reviews of Recent Books." by Vida Corbin. " The Glory Cup,1' a story by Mrs. W. M. Tanner, and a paper on Arnold Bennett, by E rin Miller. A t a called meeting F riday a f te r  noon i t was decided th a t Reagan LitD ecision A ward* P rize o f $50 and A lso Selects Speaker For State M eet FOOTBALL MEN TO WORK FOR PRIZES


The sub-Lifjell unconformity subdivides the traditional Seljord group of the Telemark supracrustals, south Norway, into the Vindeggen and Lifjell groups. It is defi ned by an in situ weathering breccia and an angular unconformity above quartzites of the <1 500 – > 1155 Ma old Vindeggen group and by a volcaniclastic palaeoregolith developed above the 1155±2 Ma old porphyry of the Brunkeberg formation. Due to the complex deformation of the Vindeggen and Lifjell groups this unconformity has often been sheared or cut by faults, which impedes its use as a lithostratigraphic boundary. Dated porphyries under and above the Lifjell group defi ne the age of the sub-Lifjell unconformity between 1155±2 Ma and 1145±4 Ma indicating that the part of the unconformity developed above the Brunkeberg formation represents a relatively short time gap (<10 Ma). The part of the unconformity developed above the Vindeggen group represents a substantially larger time gap, for the Vindeggen group was folded before the extrusion of the Brunkeberg porphyry. This time duration cannot be, however, approximated more closely as the ages of the sedimentation and folding of the Vindeggen group are not known. In the terms of sequence stratigraphy, the sub-Lifjell unconformity defi nes the lower bounding surface of an extensive Mesoproterozoic beach-shallow self sequence.


By means of measuring creep curves, microstructure observation and FEM analysis of the stress field near the hole; an investigation has been made into the influence of the defects on creep behaviors and microstructure evolution of single crystal nickel-based superalloys. Results show that the creep lifetimes and plasticity of the single crystal nickel based superalloys are obviously decreased by microstructure defects. During high temperature creep, the stress isoline near the holes region displays the feature of the acetabuliform distribution, and possesses the bigger stress value at 45 angle direction relative to the applied stress axis. Average interpolating scaling function is constructed with symmetric interpolating scaling function, and the two scaling functions are given the relationship between the derivatives, which provides a convenient approach for the interpolation, and greatly improve accuracy.


We studied the antirhinovirus activity of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) against all 100 numbered human rhinovirus (HRV) serotypes in human embryonic lung fibroblast (HEL) cells. sICAM-1 inhibited replication of 88 of 90 HRVs belonging to the major receptor group with 50% effective concentrations (EC50) ranging from 0.1 to 41.1 μg ml−1 (~0.002 to 0.8 μM). No inhibition at 100 μg ml−1 (~2 μM) was observed for HRV belonging to the minor receptor group, type 87, and two serotypes of the major receptor group (types 23 and 25). Yield reduction assays done with five HRV serotypes in human adenoid expiants found that sICAM-1 had concentration-dependent inhibitory effects that correlated closely with the activity observed in HEL cells (r2 = 0.99, P < 0.001).


The spatial arrangement of needle fascicles on slash pine shoots consisted of 21 fascicles in a spiral that turned around the shoot eight times before repeating itself. This cyclic unit was used to map the distribution of narrow, non-egg-bearing slits ("probes") and egg-bearing pockets made by female Neodiprion merkeli Ross in the foliage of one large, heavily infested shoot. Females exhibited a strong apical response in reference to growth flushes on the shoot and a 5:1 preference for accepting the needles of two-needle rather than three-needle fascicles for oviposition. In 47 lightly infested shoots, the mean number of eggs laid per needle was 30% greater in needles from two-needle fascicles but increased with increasing needle width for two- and three-needle fascicles. The incidence of single probes unaccompanied by oviposition in the same needle was 28 times higher in needles from three than two-needle fascicles, a difference attributed to the relatively narrow flat-side width of needles available for oviposition in some three-needle fascicles.


For the freezing process induced by single freezing pipe during the application of artificial ground freezing technique,the continuous phase change of the soil water with the decreasing soil temperature was considered.A discrete phase change model of the temperature field was established after the continuous phase change of soil water was discretized.An analytical solution for the model was presented.The solution was verified with the numerical results of the continuous phase change model.The effect of unfrozen water in the frozen soil was studied.And the results indicate that neglecting the unfrozen water can underestimate the moving velocity of the freezing front,and this effect increases with the soil specific surface increasing.


The time of onset of nucleic acid syntheses and mitosis have been determined especially in the first leaf meristem of germinating barley seed. These cells in the dormant barley seed remain at G1 and the synchronization of cell division is attained by proceeding them simultaneously to S phase with the seed soaking.


The invention relates to a ceramic phosphor body obtainable by mixing at least two starting materials with at least one dopant according to wet-chemical methods and subsequent thermal treatment to form phosphor precursors and also isostatic pressing. The ceramic phosphor body finds application as conversion phosphor in LEDs.


The invention relates to an apparatus for deflecting an optical beam path, comprising an optical element 4 with a reflective surface and a fastening device for fastening the optical element to a digital image pickup device 2 of a medical visualization device 1 such that the reflective surface of the optical element 4 when securing the a device for deflecting the optical path of the digital image recording apparatus 2 is disposed in an optical path of the digital image pickup device 2, wherein the reflective surface of the optical element 4 is oriented so that a normal to the reflective surface and an optical axis of the digital image recording apparatus 2 a include angle equal to 0 °. The invention further relates to a medical visualization device 1 with such a device for deflecting an optical beam path.


The present invention provides an electronic device and a method of reading the auxiliary blind. The method comprising the steps of: determining whether the electronic device enters the blind Guidance mode; when entering the blind REVIEW, area division of the touch screen; receiving blind touch operation; blind touch area is determined to fall into operation; when the touch operation falls within a first region or a second region, the third region changes from the current character is displayed, when the touch operation falls within the third area, the obtaining the current text displayed in the third region; the acquired text translated into six corresponding thereto braille points; the six-point braille translated into the corresponding binary coded Braille; vibration control the vibration unit to encode binary Braille good vibration of the electronic device based on a predetermined rule in accordance with. Just six blind person familiar with the blind read the rules and touch screen can be read in a particular area of the region corresponding to the text, to read a text message, easy and convenient.


Author(s): Banishev, AA; Klimchitskaya, GL; Mostepanenko, VM; Mohideen, U | Abstract: We present the complete results for the dynamic experiment on measuring the gradient of the Casimir force between magnetic (Ni-coated) surfaces of a plate and a sphere. Special attention is paid to the description of some details of the setup, its calibration, error analysis, and background effects. Computations are performed in the framework of the Lifshitz theory at nonzero temperature with an account of analytic corrections to the proximity force approximation and of surface roughness using both the Drude and the plasma model approaches. The theory of magnetic interaction between a sphere and a plate due to domain structure of their surfaces is developed for both out-of-plane and in-plane magnetizations in the absence and in the presence of spontaneous magnetization. It is shown that in all cases the magnetic contribution to the measured force gradients is much smaller than the total experimental error. The comparison between experiment and theory is done using the rigorous statistical method. It is shown that the theoretical approach taking into account dissipation of free electrons is excluded by the data at a 95% confidence level. The approach neglecting dissipation is confirmed by the data at more than 90% confidence level. We prove that the results of experiments with Ni-Ni, Ni-Au, and Au-Au surfaces taken together cannot be reconciled with the approach including free electrons dissipation by the introduction of any unaccounted background force, either attractive or repulsive. © 2013 American Physical Society.


Observed X-ray spectra of hot gas in clusters, groups, and individual galaxies are commonly fit with a single-temperature thermal plasma model, although the beam may contain emission from components with different temperatures. Recently, Mazzotta et al. pointed out that thus derived Tspec can be significantly different from commonly used definitions of average temperature, such as emission-weighted or emission measure-weighted T, and found an analytic expression for predicting Tspec for a mixture of plasma spectra with relatively hot temperatures (T ≳ 3 keV). In this paper, we propose an algorithm that can accurately predict Tspec in a much wider range of temperatures (T ≳ 0.5 keV) and for essentially arbitrary abundances of heavy elements. This algorithm can be applied in the deprojection analysis of objects with the temperature and metallicity gradients, for correction of the point-spread function (PSF) effects, for consistent comparison of numerical simulations of galaxy clusters and groups with the X-ray observations, and for estimating how emission from undetected components can bias the global X-ray spectral analysis.


The purpose of this study was to determine the multi domain decisiveness levels of sport sciences students. It's also aimed to examine it according to some variables. The study sample group consisted of undergraduate sport sciences students in Avrasya, Baskent, Hacettepe and Hitit Universities. In the study, individual information form which had developed by the researchers and "Multi Domain Decisiveness Scale (MDDS-TR)" were used. Descriptive statistics, t-test for independent groups and Anova test were used as statistical methods to analyze the data. As a result it was determined that students have high multi domain decisiveness levels (mean=84,15) and their levels were significantly differed according to their genders, universities, place of birth, academic success and working status.


In this paper, the urban competitiveness of 23 major US cities is examined. The methodology allows the obtaining of results that are not available to other methodologies. Several determinants of urban competitiveness are identified that are statistically verifiable and it is possible to show how both these determinants and the competitiveness of 23 US urban economies have changed during the past two decades. The results are presented in a manner that will be of use to urban decision-makers and planners. This study follows up on two earlier studies of this topic.


World Scientific Review Volume-9in x 6in book Preface Human beings have a future if they deserve to have a future! Gregory J. Chaitin This book is offered with admiration and affection to Gregory J. Chaitin 1 on the occasion of his 60th birthday (25 June 2007).


[Excerpt] "I am pleased and proud to participate in this tribute to Calvin Massey, with whom I had the pleasure to work and play for about two decades. When I think of Calvin—and I think of him often—I think of a generous friend, a gregarious colleague and a genuinely good man. He possessed many admirable traits, but today I want to focus on three: (1) his breadth; (2) his independent mind; and (3) his thoughtfulness."


cially constructed notion that physical attractiveness is one of women's most important assets and something all women should strive to achieve and maintain" (p. 711). Political activist Naomi Wolf (1991) argued that this societal obsession with women's beauty goes beyond a preference for an aesthetic; rather, it is a mechanism for achieving female obedience and maintaining control that supports dominant hegemonies. It is especially clear that the media, intentionally or not, contribute to this perception in popular culture, and the effects of this gender paradigm are still felt by most, if not all, segments of American society. This topic has been extensively explored in areas such as feminist and gender studies, self and identity narratives, and popular media. Additionally, within the past two decades, the scholarship has grown to consider the influence of Western ideals of beauty on women in communities of diverse ethnic and cultural origins. However, a distinct gap in academic research exists regarding the impact of the beauty ideal on children and teenagers as seen in contemporary literature. This article addresses this void by exploring a cultural perspective on beauty through an examination of young adult fiction. Its purpose is to identify the messages concerning appearance that are relayed to young people of color in an adult world dominated by specific standards of beauty. Specifically, I analyze An Na's young adult (YA) fiction novel, The Fold (2008), for cultural examples of how some Korean American teenagers seek the Western model of physical beauty and how such standards influence the construction of ethnic identity. Due to limited academic scholarIn September of 2013, Julie Chen, a Chinese American talk show host and media personality, ignited a fire of controversy when she revealed that at age 25, she had undergone plastic surgery as a response to racism encountered in the workplace (Oldenburg, 2013). While many others in such visible media roles have professed to having undergone cosmetic procedures, Chen's "confession," as it was often labeled in the press (Oldenburg, 2013; Takeda, 2013), sparked considerable attention for several reasons. First, her motivation for the surgery was racially charged; second, the type of plastic surgery in question, blepharoplasty, is a particularly well-known procedure in many Asian communities. It widens the eyes by removing an epicanthic fold, also referred to as an eye fold, thereby creating an eyelid crease that results in the appearance of larger eyes that are less slanted (ASPS, 2014). Many Asian viewers accused Chen of being ashamed of her ethnic look; she revealed that she had received bitter comments such as, "You're denying your heritage," and "You're trying to look less Asian" (Monde, 2013). While Chen has become the face for this procedure in the United States, her decision to alter her appearance is just one of millions made by people every day in pursuit of looks that adhere to highly idealized standards of beauty. The objectification of women's appearances has persisted throughout history, originating from the assumption that beauty is good and desirable while ugliness deserves shame and mockery (Northup & Liebler, 2010; Wolf, 1991). Baker-Sperry and Grauerholz (2003) define the feminine beauty ideal as "the so-


Numerous evidence link aberrant nuclear β‐catenin accumulation to the development of breast cancer resistance, therefore, targeted inhibition of β‐catenin nuclear translocation may effectively improve the chemosensitivity of breast cancer. Doxorubicin (Dox) is the most commonly used chemotherapeutic drug for breast cancer. Here, we determined that tanshinone II A (Tan II A) could improve the sensitivity of Dox‐resistant breast cancer MCF‐7/dox cells to Dox, and evaluated whether the sensitization effect of Tan II A on Dox was targeted to inhibit β‐catenin nuclear translocation. The results showed that Tan II A not only significantly inhibited the nuclear translocation of β‐catenin in MCF‐7/dox cells treated by Dox but also inhibited the nuclear translocation of β‐catenin in MCF‐7 cells treated by Dox to a certain degree. Furthermore, when the above two cells treated by Dox combined with Tan II A were intervened with β‐catenin agonist WAY‐262611, with the re‐nuclear translocation of β‐catenin in the cells, the sensitization effect of Tan II A on Dox was greatly reduced. These results indicated that Tan II A could improve the chemosensitivity of breast cancer cells to Dox by inhibiting β‐catenin nuclear translocation. Therefore, Tan II A could be used as a potential chemosensitizer in combination with Dox for breast cancer chemotherapy.


Breast Milk contains a lot of nutrients that are very necessary for baby's growth and development and various organ development specifically. According to Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey (2015) Indonesia data, the achievement of Exclusive Breast Milk in 2015 was 55.7%. while the coverage of exclusive breastfeeding in West Sumatra is only 75.0% (2015) of the target set by the government, which is 80%. While in the city of Padang the achievement of exclusive breastfeeding was 70.5% in 2015. The more rampant advertising of formula milk and the lack of knowledge level of mothers increasingly made the lower number of achievement of exclusive breastfeeding. The lack of support from health  workers and family support (social culture) is also one of the unsuccessful mothers in providing exclusive breastfeeding. This research is a quasi-experimental design with post test only design with a control group with accidental sampling technique. It is a research that aims to determine the effect of counseling and health personnel assistance on the success of exclusive breastfeeding. The population and sample of this study were third trimester pregnant women (7-9 months of gestational age) with a sample of 16 people intervened and 16 people as controls. Data analysis was done by questionnaire using Chi Square. The results of the study showed that the respondents who were given counseling and mentoring were 14 people (87.5%) who gave exclusive breastfeeding to their babies, while there were 3 respondents who were not given counseling and assistance. people (18.75%) who give exclusive breastfeeding. The Chi Square test results showed that there was a significant influence between counseling and assistance with exclusive breastfeeding.


Firstly, the importance of reliability of the network control center (NCC) and difficulties in implementing the reliability are introduced. Lastly, a method to implement the reliability of NCC is presented. The crux of the method has four points: to transfer central control to distributed control by making use of backup; to realize the consistency of static data through atomic transaction and two-phase commitment (2PC); to ensure synchronisation between the main and backup processor/NCC by extracting dynamic calling data from users and control commands from the main processor/NCC; to design and realize a reliable protocol among all processors in the NCC.


A CENTRAL THEME in Harry S. Sullivan's interpersonal theory and John Bowlby's attachment theory is that human development can only be understood in a relational context. Sullivan and Bowlby assign a pivotal role to felt security, severe anxiety, and fear in the formation of interpersonal patterns. In both theories, early relational patterns become organizing principles that influence the development of personality. Sullivan and Bowlby reject Freud's tension-reduction metapsychology and his structural theory of the mind-id, ego, superego-on the grounds that these constructs are mechanistic and reify the organization of psychic experience. Sullivan and Bowlby adopt an intentional psychology that uses the language of agency and self to describe the development of interpersonal interactions. While Sullivan concentrated almost exclusively on describing the vicissitudes of defensively organized experience (the self-system), Bowlby and his close collaborator, Mary Ainsworth, use evolutionary concepts to cast a wider net, capturing normal and pathological development. To conceptualize how interpersonal experience with caregivers became represented mentally, Sullivan used the concept of personifications and Bowlby the concept of internal working models (IWMs). Departing from traditional psychoanalytic canon, Sullivan and Bowlby believed these mental representations were tolerably accurate portrayals of interactions with primary caregivers. Consistent


Abstract : Replication competent vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) can exert a dual antitumor effect by triggering direct tumor lysis and eliciting tumor specific immunity. VSV can also deliver tumor associated epitopes or other immunomodulatory molecules to enhance the antitumor immune responses. This is particularly desirable for lung tumors, which are usually poorly immunogenic, and quickly develop drug resistance. In order to examine the oncolytic effects of VSV in drug-resistant lung cancer cells, we utilized mouse lung cancer cells KLN205 (K-CP0) to generate cisplatin-resistant cells, K-CP3 and K-CP6. Two cell lines were generated by prolonged exposure to increasing concentrations of cisplatin, and both K-CP3 and K-CP6 were sensitive to the cytopathic effect of VSV. Cisplatin-resistant cells had decreased level of p-Akt and upregulated several markers of autophagy, including the scaffold protein Beclin 1 and microtubule-associated light chain protein 1. When grown subcutaneously in immunocompetent DBA/2 mice, both K-CP0 and K-CP6 formed tumors. Intratumoral injection of VSV into either K-CP0 or K-CP6 tumors led to a delay in tumor growth. Histological examination of K-CP0 and K-CP6 tumors revealed a decrease in necrotic areas in the VSV-treated tumors, and the levels of infiltrating leukocytes were similar across the VSV-treated tumors. Altogether the data indicate that VSV-based therapy is effective against a cisplatin-resistant lung tumor model.


Objective: To observe the effects of Bu Yang Huan Wu Decoction(BYHWD) on the lower limb motor function and the expression of serum matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9) in acute cerebral infarct(ACI) patients with Deficiency of Qi and Blood Stasis Syndrome.Method: 60 ACI patients with Deficiency of Qi and Blood Stasis Syndrome were randomly divided into 2 groups: the treatment group filled with 32cases(BYHWD with foundational treatment,) and the control group filled with 28cases(foundational treatment).The lower limb motor function and the neurological grade were respectively observed with the methods of Fugl-Meyer assessment,NIH Stroke Scale(NIHSS) before treatment and 2-week after treatment.Meanwhile,the Serum MMP-9 and TNF-α,contrasted with 20 healthy people,were detected by Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay(ELISA) at the different time of 1-day pretherapy,7-day and 14-day post-treatment.Results: The neural functional scores,evaluated by Fugl Meyer in treatment group,were obviously higher than those in control group(t=5.534,P0.001),NIHSS in treatment group was obviously lower than those in control group(t=3.222,P0.002).And the content of MMP-9 and TNF-αin blood were markedly lower than those in control group(t=5.973,t=2.1566,P0.001,P0.05).Conclusion: BYHWD can extend the lower limb motor function,which may be closely related with down regulation to MMP-9 and the inhibition to inflammatory reaction.


Background HIV has developed to a global pandemic and millions of people are living with HIV or AIDS today. People living with HIV still face stigmatization and discrimination in their lives. Aim T ...


The relevance of the research is associated with the need to study changes in the lungs caused by rapidly growing strains of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). Objective: to analyze results obtained by the complex study of the lungs for evaluation of the frequency and nature of terminal bronchiole lesions in patients with nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM)infection caused by rapidly growing strains. Materials and methods. We carried out clinical, radiological, morphological, and spirometric studies of the lungs of 35 patients with rapidly growing NTM strains isolated by real-time PCR. All the patients underwent multislice CT (MSCT) of the chest using the Somatom Emotion 16 scanner (Siemens, Germany) based on the high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) algorithm with 0.8 mm slice thickness and 1.5 mm slice increment. Lung ventilation was studied using the standard spirometry. Morphological studies were performed using resection samples from 11 patients with pulmonary TB comorbidity and 7 patients with only TB (the comparison group). Results. Rapidly growing strains of NTM cause exudative lymphocytic bronchiolitis, cell infiltration of the peribronchial tissue, which is not typical for TB infection. Later, lymphocytic bronchiolitis of terminal bronchioles develops into chronic constrictive bronchiolitis accompanied by the development of bronchiolectasis, atelectasis, and emphysema confirmed by HRCT results. They show prevailing bronchogenic lesions of small airways, accompanied by obstructive-type pulmonary ventilation disorders in 80% of cases (FEV1 is more than 70% of the predicted values). The results of the complex study should be considered in diagnosis and treatment of patients with NTM infection of the lungs.


Mixture of field-collected blood from 15 sheep in Dunhuang City was injected into a spleenectomized sheep.A large number of Babesia were present in the blood smeared on day 10 post-inoculation.The major morphological forms included paired piriform,single piriform,ring form and oval form.On day 12 post-inoculation,the body temperature and parasitemia of sheep reached 41.1 ℃ and 0.125% respectively and then decending.Genomic DNA was extracted from whole blood sterilely collected from the infected sheep.A 1 700 bp fragment was amplified by PCR using universal primers based on the 18 S rRNA gene.Then the target fragment was cloned and sequenced(GenBank accession number:HQ730762).Multiple sequence alignments were performed with those of other Babesia in GenBank.It shared the highest similarity with Babesia sp.Xinjiang,which was up to 99.8%.The present study discovered another epidemic focus of Babesia sp.Xinjiang in Dunhuang City of Gansu Province.


Summary The presence of protein and electrolyte in the concentrated indocyanine green solution was shown to slow the rate of optical stabilization following dilution of the concentrated solution in plasma. This finding explains some of the reported discrepancies in flow measurement with the dye. When the concentrated dye was prepared in distilled water the spectral stabilization after dilution was rapid (<2 sec) and should not be a source of error in flow measurement. The authors thank Professors F. Wold and A. Moscowitz of the Departments of Biochemistry and Chemistry for illuminating discussions of detergent micelle stabilization by proteins and Drs. W. J. Runge of the Pathology Department and J. L. Holtzman of the Pharmacology Department for technical assistance.


Herpes simplex virus (HSV) establishes a latent state in the sensory ganglia of the peripheral nervous system of its natural or experimental host following primary infection. At various times thereafter, the virus can be reactivated from the latent state whereby it migrates back to the periphery and sometimes initiates a clinical syndrome referred to as recurrent disease.


Abstract In this paper, Aceria genistae (Nalepa) on scotch broom (Cytisus scoparius) from Mandagout, France is redescribed and a neotype is designated. A gall mite on Ulex europaeus L. (Fabaceae) in New Zealand, previously mis-identified by David Manson as A. genistae is here redescribed as a new species, Aceria davidmansoni sp. nov. Taxonomic and nomenclatural history of A. genistae is reviewed.


Objective To study the changes of trace elements in the hair of various esophageal lesion and discuss the effect of trace elements in the process of esophageal carcinoma and the relationship between them.Methods The hair of 60 normal people and that of 126 patients were collected. The patients were divided into groups according to their pathologic changes.The atomic absorption,sectrophotometry and fluorescence methods to measure the trace elements of copper, zinc, iron, calcium and selenium.Results Zinc in the hair of various patients: Remarkable difference were hund between the normal people and the patients(P0.01). There is certain difference between simple hyperplasia and cancer. Asfor copper, great difference exists between the normal people and the patients with dysphagia and cancer(P0.05).The is no change of zinc and copper in the cancer patients. The ratio of zinc and copper increases with the development of the pathologic change. The selenium in the patients was below the normal people while the iron and calcium in the patients drops with the development of pathologic process.Conclusion The zinc and copper in the hair changes with the development of pathologic process. zinc reveals positive correlation while copper shows negative correlation. The ratio of copper and zinc in the hair is of great diagnostic value.


Abstract Introduction: Computer Assisted Therapy (CAT) is an emerging treatment within addictions, though the evidence-base is still growing. Therefore, this study describes a pilot outcomes evaluation of a CAT programme for substance misuse, "Breaking Free Online". Method: A total of 34 service users using Breaking Free Online were included. Quantitative assessments of ability to cope with cravings and maintain abstinence and quality of life were conducted pre- and post-engagement treatment, and qualitative feedback was collected. Results: Significant improvements in perceived ability to control cravings and maintain abstinence were identified and improvements in quality of life were seen, with p values measuring change from baseline to follow-up ranging 0.026–<0.0001. Participants also reported drug use was either reduced or that they had become abstinent. Qualitative feedback was positive, with participants reporting engagement with the programme reduced substance use and had improved adaptive functioning. Conclusions: Data from this study indicate potential positive improvements in a number of areas of functioning, including ability to abstain and quality of life. Feedback regarding experiences of using the Breaking Free Online was positive, indicating it may provide effective treatment for substance misuse. Further qualitative research and outcome studies are now underway to examine effectiveness of the programme.


It has been argued in [10] that due to the lack of sweeping of small scales by large scales in kinematic simulation, the validity of the Richardson's power law might be affected. Here, we argue that the discrepancies between the authors on the ability of kinematic simulation, KS, to predict Richardson power law may be linked to the inertial subrange they have used. For small inertial subrange, KS is efficient and the significance of the sweeping can be ignored, as a result we limit the KS agreement with the Richardson scaling law t for inertial subrange kN/k1 ≤ 10000. Above this value, the sweeping effect of the small scales by the large scales must be taken in considerations where KS failed to reproduces this power law in that range as obtained in [13].


Electric pulse discharge is a new method of solid destruction. The arc channel is formed inside the solid, and the tensile stress and shear stress generated by the expansion of the arc channel are used to break the solid. A comprehensive test platform for electric pulse discharge was established, a marx generator was used to generate a suitable pulse high voltage, and the voltage and current between the electrode gap were measured. The impedance characteristics of electric pulse discharge were established. The test was carried out under 250kV, and the pulse effectiveness and energy effectiveness were measured and calculated. A non-metallic ultrasonic testing analyzer was used to measure the damage degree of the cement samples after discharge to evaluate the impact of voltage level and gap distance on the destruction effect.


This study considered different constructive variants of brushless direct current motors which have the same rated data, constructive dimensions and electromagnetic stresses. The motors differ by their number of poles and slots. The analysis aimed at torque value, low torque oscillations and energetic efficiency. There has been identified the optimum constructive variant which has 2p=40 poles and Ncr=36 slots, average torque Mmed=1.82 Nm, low torque oscillations resulting a distortion factor kdis=5.032%. The research opportunity is justified by progresses obtained in control electronics and in power electronics which increased technical-economic performances with these types of motors. With a high inertia moment, a reaction loop on speed and a performant control system the torque oscillations can be much reduced.


A model of optimal control of ventilation recently developed for humans has suggested that the localization of the transition between a convective and a diffusive transport of the respiratory gas determines how ventilation should be controlled to minimize its energetic cost at any metabolic regime. We generalized this model to any mammal, based on the core morphometric characteristics shared by all mammals' lungs and on their allometric scaling from the literature.Since the main energetic costs of ventilation are related to the convective transport, we prove that, for all mammals, the localization of the shift from an convective transport into a diffusive transport plays a critical role on keeping that cost low while fulfilling the lung's function. Our model predicts for the first time where this transition zone should occur in order to minimize the energetic cost of ventilation, depending on the mammals' mass and on the metabolic regime. From that optimal localization, we are able to derive predicted allometric scaling laws for both tidal volumes and breathing rates, at any metabolic regime. We ran our model for the three common metabolic rates -basal, field and maximal- and showed that our predictions accurately reproduce the experimental data available in the literature. Our analysis supports the hypothesis that the mammals' allometric scaling laws of tidal volumes and breathing rates are driven by a few core geometrical characteristics shared by the mammals' lungs, the physical processes of respiratory gas transport and the metabolic needs.


Objective To apply main ingredients factor analysis to Self Rating Depression Scale(SDS)and discuss the factors of SDS structure,based on 2 523 college students investigation data.Method By random sampling method,this paper adopted the College students'innovative entrepreneurial and employment guidance situation questionnaire and Self Rating Depression Scale to assess,and conducted a statistical analysis.Result 20 entries of SDS by factor analysis were used to extract three factors,respectively for body symptoms,physical barriers and emotional problems.Conclusion SDS can be divided into three factors,and the three factors can more accurately reflect the detection of depression in different aspects.


Numerous studies have shown that a prior SARS-CoV-2 infection can greatly enhance the antibody response to COVID-19 vaccination, with this so called 'hybrid immunity' leading to greater neutralization breadth against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. However, little is known about how breakthrough infection (BTI) in COVID-19 vaccinated individuals will impact the magnitude and breadth of the neutralizing antibody response. Here, we compared neutralizing antibody responses between unvaccinated and COVID-19 vaccinated individuals (including both AZD1222 and BNT162b2 vaccinees) who have been infected with the delta (B.1.617.2) variant. Rapid production of Spike-reactive IgG was observed in the vaccinated group providing evidence of effective vaccine priming. Overall, potent cross-neutralizing activity against current SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern was observed in the BTI group compared to the infection group. This study provides important insights into population immunity where transmission levels remain high.


While a significant body of evidence indicates size at birth is linked to the development of a variety of metabolic and cardiovascular disorders in adulthood, the connection between birth weight and incidence of cancer is less clear. Recent studies have identified insulin like growth factors (IGFs) as important molecules in carcinogenesis. Thus, we hypothesized that placental insufficiency alters fetal IGF levels and increases incidence of mammary gland cancer in the offspring. To this end we, employed our well characterized model of reduced utero‐placental perfusion (RUPP) that results in placental insufficiency to generate fetal tissues and growth restricted offspring. Mammary cancers were induced in vivo in normal pregnant (NP) and RUPP offspring at weaning (21 days), by injection of 50 mg 1‐methyl‐1nitrosouraea (NMU)/kg body weight or DMSO. Fetal hepatic IGF‐2 levels were increased (155.6 ± 12.6 vs. 117 ± 6.3 pg/mL; p<0.05) in RUPP fetuses and mammary gland tumors developed 4 weeks earlier in the RUPP‐NMU offspring, prior to their NP‐NMU counterparts (p<0.01). The present data demonstrate for the first time that fetal growth restriction associated with placental insufficiency results in increased incidence of mammary tumor development. Moreover, this is associated with increased expression of a potent fetal growth factor that plays an important role in the development and progression of cancer.


This communication describes novel methods to measure site-specific sorption data, and to determine if biodegradation of pentachlorophenol (PCP) in complex technical-grade formulations occurs at industrial facilities. Ground-water slurry samples containing between 0.012 and 230 mg/l PCP were collected from a former wood treating site, the liquid and solid fractions separated, and both fractions analyzed for PCP using selective ion monitoring to determine sorption coefficients (Kd(PCP)). Although field sorption coefficients could not be represented by simple Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms, an empirical hyperbolic function (Kd(PCP)) = 0.054 + 0.086/Caq) fit the isotherm (r > 0.99), demonstrating that for PCP > 10 mg/l, no measurable retardation occurred in the aquifer. Biodegradation of PCP in ground water was apparent when PCP concentrations were < 20 mg/1, while at higher concentrations, PCP in the technical-grade formulation appeared to break down less readily. The results imply that, at the plume periphery, PCP in the subsurface will be attenuated and degrade, while at higher concentrations (i.e., at the source), PCP is mobile, and more recalcitrant to degradation.


The invention relates to a method of grinding a plate rolling roller through a grinding machine. The method includes that firstly a roller body and a roller neck of the plate rolling roller are sequentially grinded through a grinding wheel of the grinding machine, and then arc-shaped portions at two ends of the roller body are grinded, when the next plate rolling roller is grinded, the arc-shaped portions at the two ends of the roller body of the plate rolling roller are firstly grinded by the grinding wheel, and then the roller body and the roller neck of the plate rolling roller are sequentially grinded. Due to the fact that grinding times of the grinding wheel are reduced through change of grinding portions of the plate rolling roller, abnormal consumption of the grinding wheel is thoroughly eliminated, time of roller grinding is reduced, and grinding efficiency of the plate rolling roller is improved.


We consider the problem of treatment effect estimation in difference-in-differences designs where parallel trends hold only after conditioning on covariates. Existing methods for this problem rely on strong additional assumptions, e.g., that any covariates may only have linear effects on the outcome of interest, or that there is no covariate shift between different cross sections taken in the same state. Here, we develop a suite of new methods for nonparametric difference-in-differences estimation that require essentially no assumptions beyond conditional parallel trends and a relevant form of overlap. Our proposals show promising empirical performance across a variety of simulation setups, and are more robust than the standard methods based on either linear regression or propensity weighting.


AI convergence platforms such as Google's Unified AI Platform promise to fully interpret and understand any data submitted to them. The business needs of SMEs are however better addressed by tailored tools that smartly parse and interpret data without being locked into a particular vendor platform. With AutoTable, a new tool design for schema, pattern and relation inference as well as training data synthesis has recently become available. This paper explains why AutoTable is smart, unintrusive and yet powerful in working with tabular business data such as CSVs, flat JSON and spreadsheets.


Various approaches have been researched to realize accurate indoor localization systems. However, the accuracy of these systems is still not satisfactory for indoor environments. Due to low complexity and low costs, a popular localization approach is to make use of WiFi signals. This kind of localization requires the continuous measurement of RSS in order to estimate the position with an appropriate algorithm. The problem that appears in this approach is the scattering of received signals. This problem can be solved by computing the mean value of an increased amount of RSS samples. However, increasing this amount can only be done taking into account the mobility of the user, who has to be positioned. Therefore, recognizing the user's current performing activity enables to adjust the amount of gathered RSS data according to the mobility. This is the reason why the combination of mobility recognition and indoor localization can improve the accuracy of a localization system. Note that this combination process is not the same as in dead reckoning. Combining two systems requires the investigation of both. For this we attempted to maximize the recognition accuracy between several most observed activities indoors with different parameters. Likewise, we examined several parameters, which affect the localization accuracy. In order to draw conclusions, we compared the execution of localization without using mobility recognition with the execution of localization combined with mobility recognition. The results of using a mobility recognition system that is combined with the indoor localization application, obviously show an improved accuracy, and the improvement of the mean error by 0.4m is crucial in indoor environments.


The invention discloses a Ligustilide for treating ischemic heart disease and its preparing method, wherein the total ligustilide is extracted from traditional Chinese medicinal Ligusticum wallichii, the total ester comprises ligustilide A, B 70%, and small amount of ligustilide A, B dipolymer.


Water Quality In The Food And Drink Industries , Water Quality In The Food And Drink Industries , کتابخانه دیجیتال جندی شاپور اهواز