Purpose: To evaluate the history of densitometric data in patients with keratoconus undergoing corneal cross-linking. Methods: Twenty-two eyes of 22 patients with keratoconus were included. Corneal tomography and densitometry measurements were performed before and after accelerated corneal cross-linking. The duration of corneal haze was defined as the time between cross-linking and densitometry measurements returning to the preoperative value. Survival analysis of corneal haze after cross-linking was performed. Preoperative and postoperative corneal densitometry, maximum keratometry (Kmax), and central corneal thickness were compared. Results: The duration of corneal haze was 18.2 ± 3.8 months at the first zone of 0 to 2 mm and 10.9 ± 2.5 months at the second zone of 2 to 6 mm. There was no change in Kmax between the preoperative period and the time at which corneal haze resolved (P = 0.394 at the first zone; P = 0.658 at the second zone). Compared with the measurement taken at resolution of corneal haze, Kmax at 1 year after haze resolution was lower (62.0 ± 9.9 D to 61.2 ± 9.9 D, P = 0.008 at the first zone; 63.6 ± 10.9 D to 62.5 ± 10.1 D, P = 0.016 at the second zone). There was a decrease of central corneal thickness between the preoperative period and the time at which corneal haze resolved (470.8 ± 34.1 &mgr;m to 464.8 ± 34.5 &mgr;m, P = 0.047 at the first zone; 465.0 ± 35.3 &mgr;m to 454.7 ± 37.2 &mgr;m, P = 0.001 at the second zone), but it remained unchanged after haze resolution (P = 0.146 at the first zone; P = 0.067 at the second zone). Conclusions: Corneal cross-linking halted keratoconus progression when detectable haze was present. There was continuous corneal flattening measured at 1 year after haze resolution. Thinning of the cornea was seen only when haze was detectable after cross-linking.


Polymer grafting was studied in porous low-k SiCOH films as a protection against plasma damage. Pores of low-k films were covered by a plasma damage management polymer. A multistep deposition approach was applied to increase the polymer layer thickness that helped avoid pore stuffing, nonuniform deposition and polymer overburden. To study polymer protection, low-k films were exposed to F radicals and VUV photons, separately and simultaneously, at temperatures from  −45 °C to  +10 °C. Effective polymer protection at room temperatures was demonstrated. Lowering the temperature decreases degradation by F radicals while VUV damage, which is temperature independent, became dominant. Low-k damage protection was also significant under simultaneous exposure to F radicals and VUV photons. In the tested temperature range damage under simultaneous exposure to F radicals and VUV photons was higher than the sum of separate F and VUV damage due to a synergistic effect. To decrease the material k-value after etching, the polymer was removed from the pore walls using UV cure. It was shown that almost complete polymer removal was achieved after UV treatment. The described approach was applied to low-k etching in RF CCP CF4, CF4/Ar plasmas and exposure to Ar plasma. Significant improvement of the film k-value after the plasma treatment was confirmed.


This research focuses on the subtitling strategies and creative subtitling used in translating the Korean variety show Hot and Young Seoul Trip X NCT LIFE (2018) into Indonesian and the impact of fan subtitles to overcome language barriers. In order to draw more understanding, qualitative content analysis was applied to describe the subtitling strategies and creative subtitling used by the fansubbers in producing Indonesian subtitles. An online survey was conducted to determine the impact of the subtitling from the fans' perspective. The research findings on subtitling strategies were obtained from 1599 data and showed that there were eight strategies applied in this research. Amid those strategies, transfer with 1434 data found is the most used strategy, followed by imitation, dislocation, expansion, paraphrase, transcription, condensation, and deletion. Then, the creative subtitling used in the work using different colors, fonts, and punctuation that is influenced by field (topic), tenor (relationship), and mode (circumstances). The online survey results prescribe that the subtitles of the fan help the audience overcome language barriers by producing translated audiovisual content into their language. Therefore, the fansubbers' decision to combine subtitling strategies and creative subtitling helps the foreign audiences overcome language barriers


Secondary cerebral hypoperfusion is common following perinatal hypoxia–ischaemia. However, it remains unclear whether this represents a true failure to provide sufficient oxygen and nutrients to tissues, or whether it is simply a consequence of reduced cerebral metabolic demand. We therefore examined the hypothesis that cerebral oxygenation would be reduced during hypoperfusion after severe asphyxia, and further, that the greater neural injury associated with blockade of the adenosine A1 receptor during the insult would be associated with greater hypoperfusion and deoxygenation. Sixteen near‐term fetal sheep received either vehicle or 8‐cyclopentyl‐1,3‐dipropylxanthine (DPCPX) for 1 h, followed by 10 min of severe asphyxia induced by complete occlusion of the umbilical cord. Infusions were discontinued at the end of the occlusion and data were analysed for the following 8 h. A transient, secondary fall in carotid artery blood flow and laser Doppler flow was seen from approximately 1–4 h after occlusion (P < 0.001), with no significant differences between vehicle and DPCPX. Changes in laser Doppler blood flow were highly correlated with carotid blood flow (r2= 0.81, P < 0.001). Cortical metabolism was suppressed, reaching a nadir 1 h after occlusion and then resolving. Cortical tissue P  O 2 was significantly increased at 1, 2 and 3 h after occlusion compared to baseline, and inversely correlated with carotid blood flow (r2= 0.69, P < 0.001). In conclusion, contrary to our initial hypothesis, delayed posthypoxic hypoperfusion was associated with suppression of cerebral metabolism and increased tissue P  O 2, and was not significantly affected by preceding adenosine A1 blockade. These data suggest that posthypoxic hypoperfusion is actively mediated and reflects suppressed cerebral metabolism.


Taking the cast-in-situ box girder with double-deck for the approach spans of Chongqing Chaotianmen Yangtse River Bridge as an example,this essay,starting from the design and construction of the assembled supporting frame of lattice column,mainly analyzes the key points of the construction quality control for super-high supporting frame,which is of great significance for ensuring the quality and safety for the construction of cast-in-situ box girder.


This study discusses the technology used by flagship universities to redesign their websites because of internet users increased use of mobile devices. As of April 2016, ninety percent of these Universities have already made their website mobile-friendly using responsive web design. Responsive web design (RWD) is explained with examples. The technology infrastructure that supports RWD is identified and explained. The use, by the 50 flagship universities, is provided in graphical format. Examples of different content approaches to meet mobile requirements are described with examples of university websites that focus on current and future stakeholders. The impact of RWD and new web development technology and the fact that MIS education needs to change to meet this challenge are also discussed.


At the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the CPC in December 1978, the Chinese leadership came up with the so-called reform and opening-up policy. Since then, China's national strength has steadily increased and hence the rise of China. Today, China exerts considerable regional and international influence. With its increasingly greater national strength, whether the rise of China is to be accompanied with threat or peace to the international community is a critical issue where stability of the Asia Pacific and the world as a whole are at stake. For the ROC, China's rise is not only a question of international relations, but also a key factor affecting cross-strait relations. In view of this, the current thesis intends to analyze the Chinese foreign policy to understand the trajectory and development of China's external policy since its rise following the opening-up and reform policy. Meanwhile, the thesis also seeks to shed light on the consistency, as well as adjustments, of Chinese foreign policy in its evolution. In order to demonstrate the consistency and adjustments of Chinese foreign policy in a concrete manner, rather than being abstract, this study takes a viewpoint of "position" and "identity" in analyzing the CPC and Chinese government reports concerning foreign policy since the 12th CPC Party Congress. Hence, Chinese foreign policy falls into three categories or roles: "the balancer of the international system," "the responsible stakeholder of the international community" and "the revisionist of the status quo." The weight of each of the three roles in a given period would decide the direction and contour of Chinese foreign policy in that period and the changing weight of the three roles would offer clues as to China's diplomacy in that period. The study concludes that between the 12th and 15th CPC party Congress during the 1980's and 1990's, China primarily played the role of "the balancer of the international system." During this period, Beijing focused on developing the country's economy on the domestic front and adhered to the five principles of peaceful coexistence, as well as the principle of peace and development, on the external front. As a result, China managed to accumulate greater national strength. During the 16th and 17th CPC Party Congress period, China had enjoyed considerable national strength and its national development was firmly on track, Beijing became more and more active in participating in various international organizations and international institutions, hence playing the role of "the responsible stakeholder of the international community. Since the 18th CPC Party Congress, China has actively sough a greater say in the international community and tried to dominate the international order in a systematic way, as evidenced by initiatives such as the "One Belt, One Road" and the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, etc. Therefore, China at this stage is playing the role of the revisionist of the status quo. The evolution of these three roles that China has assumed revealed a trajectory of China's rise in the past 30 years; it has evolved from a devastated basket case of the Cultural Revolution to a regional and world power. Moreover, the different weight of each of the three roles in each period is also indicative of China's multi-fold intentions and strategic objectives behind its diplomatic moves.


Objectives To get a comprehensive understand of the epidemic features of mumps in Loudi City and to provide scientific basis and suggestions in mumps control.Methods Mumps cases were notified through the diseases surveillance web system and an offline database.Mumps outbreaks were investigated in accordance with WHO-recommended standards,and the database was analyzed by MS-Excel and SPSS software package.Results A total of 1,981 mumps cases were registed,accounting for an annual average incidence of 9.77/100,000 population,with an annual average increase of 80.29% during the recent 5 years,which showed significantly different among rural and urban districts(χ2=837.88,P0.0001).Peak incidence occurred from April to July,accounted for 63.91% of the annual registered cases.Male to female ratio was 2.34:1 while 75.16% cases were in the 3~9 year-old group.Annual average incidence for school children was 60.83/100,000 and significantly higher than those of the kindergarten and community children(χ2=164.04,P0.0001).Five major outbreaks were reported in 2005 and 2006,115 cases were identified,and 2,860 people involved.Conclusions Incidence of mumps is significantly increased in Loudi City in the recent years,which has become one of the major public health problems that affecting children and the teaching activities in schools.


The study analysed a bi-symmetric closely-spaced buil-up member, pin-supported at both ends. It was bipolarly pre-stressed with a displacement, and loaded with an axial compressive force.The member is shown in Fig.1. Bipolar pre-stressing involves the application of permanent, symmetric, controlled displacement, relative to each other, of the chords of the closely-spaced built-up member. Maximum internal gap between the chords was assumed in the section, in which during the stability failure in a classic closely-spaced member, the largest displacements between nodes would potentially occur. Consequently, bipolarly prestressed, closely-spaced built-up member (BPCSBUM) has a straight axis and chords that are curved in the prestressed zone (L2). It is brought about as a result of the assumption of self-balancing initial stress system in the element.


The paper introduces the current situation for the energy-saving research on the thermal comfort occupants,deepens the expectation for future,and points out some main topics for upcoming thermal comfort occupants and energy-saving research,including indoor parameter,transmission for static situation to dynamic one,adaptability of human and partial inching control.


We present results of numerical investigations into the possibility to shape the focal field distribution by means of amplitude or phase masks on top of a microlens that works in the transition regime between a diffractive and a refractive element. For different applications, such as photolithography or optical tweezers, a specialized intensity distribution in the focal region is desirable. For the trapping of small dielectric particle e.g. a large gradient in the field distribution becomes favourable to compensate for the scattering force, which pushes the particle towards the optical axis. We apply scalar as well as rigorous diffraction theory to calculate the interaction of light with the microlens and analyse the influence of different types of masks (ringaperture, central stop). As one application we analyse in the depth optical tweezers and calculate the forces in a two-dimensional geometry on particles with different sizes. The field in the focal region of a lens with an aperture suffers from a squeezing in lateral as well as transversal direction causing higher gradients of the field, which allows to trap relative large particles.


Historical Records is the richest books in existing historical material stored Emperor Qin before the Tang Dynasty.Through the analysis of "Historical Records",research on policy in terms of emperor Qin's period,the paper draws two conclusions: ① After Qin Shi Huang unified China,his main policy was based on good benevolent as the basic principle and with the help of legalism and criminal operation to ensure the effective implementation of national policy;② Qin Shi Huang established the doctor system with the fundamental reason for respecting "benevolent" and etiquette psychology.Finally it is concluded that it is of significance to rediscover Emperor Qin and his policy.


This study seeks the role of probation officer in carrying out measures of monitoring to conduct and judicial supervision in the issued judgment by the competent court on juveniles in Jordanian law, with the objective of identifying the mechanism for applying these measures that are not detrimental to freedom for a delinquent juvenile, and the strengths, weaknesses, and obstacles that the conduct supervising faces in applying it in the Jordanian Law.In the Juvenile Law No. 32 of 2014 and the provisions issued by the Ministry of Social Development, the Jordanian legislator has organized a mechanism for conducting supervising in probation officer measures and judicial supervision of a delinquent juvenile in terms of setting out a scheme of monitoring to conduct  measures and the procedures to be followed for its implementation and the essential legal period for that provided that it shall not exceed the maximum and  writing reports to submit them to the competent judge and the Ministry of Social Development according to the specific legal periods for that, In order to achieve this, the researcher used the analytical approach.This study has concluded several recommendations and results that we hope have achieved the desired goal, and it is taken into consideration by the competent authorities to amend the conduct of juvenile offenders. Keywords: juvenile, juvenile trail, probation officer, judicial supervision, juvenile court. DOI: 10.7176/JLPG/99-11 Publication date: July 31 st 2020


Recently questioning and answering (Q&A) communities that facilitate knowledge sharing among people have been introduced to the mobile environments such as Naver Mobile Q&A and ChaCha. These mobile Q&A services are very different from traditional Q&A sites in that questions/answers are short in length and are exchanged via mobile devices (e.g., SMS or mobile Internet). While traditional Q&A sites have been well investigated, so far little is known about the mobile Q&A usage. To understand mobile Q&A usage, we analyzed 2.4 million question/answer pairs spanning a 14 month period from Naver Mobile Q&A and performed a complementary survey study of 555 active mobile Q&A users. We find that mobile Q&A is deeply wired into users' everyday life activities - its usage is largely dependent on users' spatial, temporal, and social contexts; the key factors of mobile Q&A usage are accessibility/convenience of mobile Q&A, promptness of receiving answers, and users' satisficing behavior of information seeking (i.e., minimizing efforts and settling with good enough information). We also observe that users tend to seek more factual information attributed to everyday life activities than they do on traditional Q&A sites and that they exhibit unique interaction patterns such as repeating and refining questions as coping strategies in seeking information needs. Our main findings reported in the paper have significant implications on the design of mobile Q&A systems.


High pressure method was used for the first time to produce phenolic resin(PF) /rectorite(REC)and phenolic resin/organic rectorite(OREC) nanocomposites.The structure of the material phase was studied by X-ray diffraction(XRD),transmission electron microscope(TEM),and Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR) spectroscopy.The experimental results show that exfoliated resin/clay nanocomposites can form under normal temperature and high pressure conditions by the intercalation of polymeric molecules without interlayer polymerization.Under 100 MPa and 500 MPa,OREC in the composites was completely exfoliated,while REC in the composites was partly exfoliated.


Basing on introducing the mental health standard of WHO(World Health Organization),this paper states in detail about the benefits of physical exercises for the mental health of college students as follows: promoting cognitive competence;facilitating the formation of positive emotions;bringing feelings of peak emotion;reducing and even eliminating the mentation of depression and anxiety;improving subjective well-being;well boosting the development of personality and formation of volitional quality and helping building harmonious interpersonal relations.


ABSTRACT:Metaphor is crucial in Titus Andronicus and in the historical interpretation of it. Aaron, its villain, thinks mythically, reducing metaphors, myths, and their aestheticizing of violence to physical actuality, with Lavinia as the prime exhibit of both physical brutality and the myth of Philomela. Aaron is revealed progressively, as if layers were being peeled off to find his malignant core.


This paper presents a new direct digital design method for discrete proportional integral derivative PID + filter (PIDF) controllers employed in DC-DC buck converters. The considered controller structure results in a proper transfer function which has the advantage of being directly implementable by a microcontroller algorithm. Secondly, it can be written as an Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) digital filter. Thirdly, the further degree of freedom introduced by the low pass filter of the transfer function can be used to satisfy additional specifications. A new design procedure is proposed, which consists of the conjunction of the pole-zero cancellation method with an analytical design control methodology based on inversion formulae. These two methods are employed to reduce the negative effects introduced by the complex poles in the transfer function of the buck converter while exactly satisfying steady-state specifications on the tracking error and frequency domain requirements on the phase margin and on the gain crossover frequency. The proposed approach allows the designer to assign a closed-loop bandwidth without constraints imposed by the resonance frequency of the buck converter. The response under step variation of the reference value, and the disturbance rejection capability of the proposed control technique under load variations are also evaluated in real-time implementation by using the Arduino DUE board, and compared with other methods.


The contrast measurements of ultra-short laser pulses from a typical Ti:Sapphire oscillator have been performed using homemade second- and third-order correlator respectively. The two correlators were all demonstrated a dynamic range of 108.


Although the death of Jesus has been much written about by biblical scholars and theologians, most discussions have focused on its redemptive efficacy. In this essay, however, the focus is on NT references to Jesus' death as inspiring, exemplary, and descriptive of, and criterion for, Christian life. The basic thesis advanced is that the NT refers to Jesus' death as 'paradigmatic' impressively widely and with far-reaching applications. Insofar as Christian theological reflection involves taking seriously the scriptural testimony, this widely shared emphasis on Jesus' death as paradigmatic should be reckoned with in the content and perhaps also the practice of theology.


This research aimed to examine the attitudes and self efficacy of the associate degree students of programming carried out synchronous in the online learning environment. The participants consisted of 30 associate degree students studying in the second year of computer programming. Quantitative data of the study were collected with attitude and self-efficacy perception scales. Qualitative data were collected with a semi-structured opinion form. After the research, students' attitudes and self-efficacy towards programming increased significantly. Students' attitudes and self-efficacy towards programming did not differ according to gender, type of high school graduated and experience variables. Students stated that the factors that positively affect their attitudes and self-efficacy are factors such as recording online synchronous courses in the system, uploading various course documents to the system, and the absence of factors affecting classroom management. Among the negative factors, they stated that there are factors such as the lack of opportunity to make individual applications in the course and the lack of instant feedback outside the course.


The invention provides a polar plate for a polar plate for a battery, a manufacturing method of the polar plate, a polar plate group with the polar plates and a lead storage battery. The polar plate comprises a current collector and a active substance layer kept by the current collector, wherein the current collector is an expanded grid manufactured with a cutting and drawing method, the polar plate is composed of two protruding end parts with protrusions and a flat middle part between the two end parts, the thickness of each end part is more than that of the middle part, and when the thickness of the middle part is set to be H2 and the height difference between each end part and the middle part is H1, the ratio of H1/H2 is 3-9%. According to the invention, by means of designing the polar plate to be provided with protrusions at the end parts to form the protruding end parts with the protrusions and making the thickness of each end part of the polar plate more than that of other parts of the polar plate, a distance between a positive polar plate and a negative polar plate is properly enlarged, so that the cycle life, capacity and charging efficiency of the battery are greatly increased.


In this paper, we study nonlinear boundary value problems of fractional differential equations. (0.1) { Dq0+ x(t) = f (t,x(t)) t ∈ J = [0,T ] g ( x(0),x(T ),x(η) ) = 0 η ∈ [0,T ], where D0+ denotes the Caputo fractional derivative, 0 < q ≤ 1. Some new results on the multiple solutions are obtained by the use of the Amann theorem and the method of upper and lower solutions. An example is also given to illustrate our results. 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification: 26A33, 34K37


Line segment matching between two images of the same scene is popularly performed with the assistant of feature point correspondences. However, each existing method only relies on one specific kind of feature points to establish the correspondences, and could yield inferior performance when insufficient high-quality point correspondences are supplied. To address this fundamental problem, a novel line segment matching method is proposed. In our method, ASIFT points are exploited to establish an initial set of correspondences. Then, line intersections are matched between the two input images to establish an additional set of correspondences, i.e., intersection correspondences. Finally, an enhanced set of point correspondences is generated via a union of the ASIFT and intersection correspondences. Based on the yielded intersection-enhanced point correspondences, it will be shown that the performance of line segment matching can be greatly improved.


Introduction:
 Smooth muscle cell phenotypic alteration is a prominent feature of aortic aneurysms and dissections (AAD) that causes the loss of functional, contractile, smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and subsequent aortic dysfunction. However, SMC phenotypic alteration in AAD and the underlying mechanism is poorly understood.

 Hypothesis:
 Stress on the aorta induces a phenotypic switch in SMCs from a contractile role to a pro-inflammatory role that promotes cell dysfunction and death.

 Methods:
 We performed single-cell RNA and ATAC sequencing (scRNA-seq, scATAC-seq) of ascending aortic tissues from patients with sporadic ascending AAD and organ donor controls, alongside murine aortic tissues from a sporadic AAD model and wild-type mice. The role of the STING pathway in SMC phenotypic alterations was studied in human aortic SMCs. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were used to study epigenetic regulation

 Results:
 Significant SMC transformation from a contractile phenotype to a pro-inflammatory, pro-fibroblast, and pro-death phenotype was seen in scRNA-seq of aortic tissues from AAD patients and a sporadic AAD murine tissue. Our sc-ATACseq indicated that SMC transformation was partially controlled by chromatin remodeling of these genes, and IRF3 was identified as a key transcriptional factor for the reduction of chromatin accessibility of contractile genes, but induction of chromatin accessibility of inflammatory genes. In cultured SMCs, cytosolic DNA, through STING-TBK1 signaling, activated IRF3, which directly bound cis-elements of contractile genes, and recruited EZH2 to induce repressive H3K27me3 modification, leading to SMC gene suppression. Activated IRF3 also induced inflammatory gene expression. SMC-Sting deficiency prevented proinflammatory phenotypic switch in the sporadic AAD mouse model and restored contractile phenotype.

 Conclusion:
 We highlight an epigenetic pathway responsible for SMC dysfunction that induced SMC gene suppression and SMC phenotype changes and identified STING-TBK-IRF3-EZH2 as key signaling that suppresses SMC genes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study reporting that the STING pathway contributes to AAD development by SMC transition from a contractile to an inflammatory phenotype.


Abstract Major suppliers and importers ship their products from many parts of the world, Products are typically packaged and loaded into containers at their points of origin, transported to a local port and shipped to a destination port where the containers will be unloaded and moved to their designated warehouses. We construct a nonlinear optimization model that minimizes the end-to-end cost of this transportation operation. A major shipper often has contracts with several carriers, each maintains a different voyage schedule and a different cost structure for shipping the containers. Containers arriving at their destination terminal are usually kept in the terminal a number of days before they are moved away either by trucks or by rail. Terminals typically allow free container dwell time up to a limit, beyond which demurrage charge will be imposed. The limit for free storage differs from one terminal to another and may even be different from one customer to another. How fast can a shipper move containers out of the terminal depends on warehouse capacity and truck availability that the shipper has contracted for the transport service. Based on these constraints, we want to find an optimal way to ship the containers from the point of origins to the warehouse destination. The optimality is in terms of end to end cost.


This research provides an approach and develops a framework for value-based group decision in a design process. The framework is facilitated by the implementation of an agent system and it will help to reduce cost and to improve value of a group decision. It will also bridge the gap between automated designs in relation to automated negotiation. The methodology is combining statistical model and conceptual model of agreement options and coalition algorithm. The relationship between negotiation style and outcome was investigated in this paper. The mathematical modeling of multiple regression analysis was revealed by following an empirical study of negotiation styles and negotiation outcomes in Indonesia. A set of scenarios is then developed based on the regression results which are: the selfish scenario consisting of the avoiding and competing styles; the cooperative scenario consisting of the accommodating and compromising styles; and finally, the hierarchical scenario consisting of the collaborating style. It presents a technique for analyzing payoff optimum for the agreement options toward coalition algorithm in negotiation. The fitness factor of alternative solution becomes the basis to determine the best fit option for all decision makers in a group decision.


Using graph neural networks to model recommendation scenarios can effectively capture high-order relationship features between objects, thereby helping the model better handle recommendation problems. However, the over-smoothing phenomenon poses a performance constraint for recommendation algorithms based on graph convolutional node aggregation. In realistic recommendation scenarios that involve social relationships, the imbalance of node degrees can deepen the impact of over-smoothing on recommendation accuracy. To address these issues, we propose an adaptive matrix completion algorithm for collaborative filtering recommendation, which is based on the aggregation rules of relational graph convolutional networks, and introduces jumping knowledge connection for adaptive selection of user-item feature aggregation results of deep graph convolutional networks. And in order to overcome the limitations of existing interlayer aggregation mechanisms, we design a self-attention-based aggregation mechanism to integrate the output of each layer and enhance the generalization ability of the model. In addition, we introduce normalization in the process of data transmission between layers to ensure the distinguishability between nodes. Finally, we conduct experiments on three real recommendation datasets to compare the algorithm's performance and perform ablation analysis. Our model achieves RMSEs of 0.9058, 0.8346 and 0.7176 on the three datasets respectively. The results show that the recommendation performance of our model achieves a leading level when compared with current state-of-the-art algorithms and verifies the influence of node degree distribution on the recommendation process.


In order to understand how the heavy elements from iron to uranium were produced in nature, masses and lifetimes of extremely exotic nuclei up to the limits of nuclear existence have to be measured. In particular, for modeling the r-process nucleosynthesis the nuclei close to the neutron drip line are relevant. However, such nuclei typically have very short half-lives and furthermore have tiny production cross-sections. The Super-FRS-CR facility at FAIR [] offers unique possibilities for such measurements. Exotic nuclei with half-lives of T 1 / 2 > 20 &mgr; s ?> will be produced and selected in flight with the Super-FRS fragment separator [], injected and stored in the large acceptance collector ring (CR) [] which will be tuned into the isochronous ion-optical mode and operated as a time-of-flight (TOF) spectrometer. We demonstrate here, a comparison between the achromatic and non-achromatic isochronous optics. The importance of the TOF detectors installation in the dispersion free region will be shown.


The stable carbon isotope composition (δ 13 C) of particulate organic matter (POM) has been used to infer sources of organic matter and major biogeochemical processes in lakes. However, very few studies have compared the δ 13 C POM among lakes of different limnological properties. Here, we report such an analysis to understand the patterns and controls of stable isotopes of POM from 96 lakes in Florida, USA. Results indicated that δ 13 C POM increased significantly with the increases in lake area, pH and trophic state, but decreased with the increase in CO 2 concentration and water color content. δ 13 C POM in a small set of these lakes showed a positive relationship with δ 13 C of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC). There was a widespread 13 C depletion of POM in the study lakes, especially in lakes with high water color, suggesting allochthonous subsidy of phytoplankton production. Multiple regression models pointed to the importance of trophic state, color and pH. This study demonstrated that the δ 13 C POM is indicative of carbon source, trophic state and ecosystem metabolism in lakes.


An ultrasonic-based detection system for detecting the broken and weak points of small-diameter lead sheathed detonating cord is proposed in view of the limited detection means,low detection efficiency and low accuracy of existing non-contact detection method for lead sheathed detonating cord.This system can meet the measurement requirements of broken and weak points of detonating cord.Experiments and practical use show that this method is feasible and can effectively improve the detection efficiency and precision,and the system runs reliably.


This study aims to determine the effect of tax sanctions, tax amnesty, tax knowledge on the level of personal taxpayer compliance. This study uses a quantitative approach. The sample in this study was 80 WPOP registered in North Gresik Small Taxpayer Office using a purposive sampling technique. The data analysis technique uses multiple linear regression. The results of this study indicate that there is a significant effect of tax sanctions on WPOP taxpayer compliance which is registered at North Gresik KPP. There is no effect of tax amnesty on WPOP taxpayer compliance registered at North Gresik Small Tax Office. Tax knowledge has a significant effect on WPOP taxpayer compliance that is registered at North Gresik KPP.


The density of stacking faults in Co-alloy thin films has been analyzed to study the effect of the fault density on the magnetic properties. The stacking fault density is measured using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy with a Ta or Pt content of 2-8 at.%. The average number of the faults which exist in one Co unit cell is 0.1-0.2. The stacking fault density increases with the increase of Ta or Pt content. The fault densities for the CoCrPt films are 10-30% higher than those of the CoCrTa films. Substrate biasing slightly increases the stacking fault density. The influence of the crystal perfection on the anisotropy field seems small compared to other effects such as an in-plane strain.


Transaction support is vital for reliability of business processes which nowadays can involve dynamically composed services across the Internet. However, no single transaction model is comprehensive enough to accommodate various transactional properties demanded by those processes. Therefore we intend to develop a Business Transaction Framework (BTF) that utilizes existing ingredients in the context of contractual business relations. The proposed BTF has flexibility by using a library containing abstracted transaction models, validity based on formalization and business trustworthiness guaranteed by contractual specifications of transactional qualities.


The paper presents a literature review on the state of the art of transmedia and its application in different scenarios. This review is carried out as a starting point for the development of the project "collective intelligence practices for building transmedia narratives", which aims to determine strategies for generating collective intelligence of transmedia narratives. It explores tactics transmedia production and collaborative processes that arise within its development. Also, successful experiences that are committed to the incursion of this new practice in education are discussed. It is concluded that as the transmedia production trends have become a social phenomenon that comes amid digital convergence, offering opportunities to see and rethink reality through creative and collaborative writing; involving various formats and new content production, diversifying stories and enable participation and interaction of multiple analog and digital media.


Morphological changes that occur in starch granules of sweet potato, tania and yam tubers from native to cooked states, were studied both by electron microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. In the first stages of heating, the same event was observed in all samples: a central cavity appeared at hilum level of the starch granules just before granule expansion started. Differences in gelatinization behaviour between these three starches were enhanced by mechanism by which amylose leached out. In the sweet potato starch granules, amylose was released through micropores formed in the starch granules during the phase of expansion whereas in tania starch granules, both micropores and pin-holes were observed. In yam starch granules, amylose escaped only by pin-holes formed across the starch granules. When cooking was achieved, spongy-like structures were observed in cooked sweet potato parenchyma cells while folded gelatinized granules remained in yam. In cooked tania tuber, both types of cell contents were observed. Sweet potato, tania and yam starches presented DSC endotherms at 72.7, 69.9 and 74.4°C with enthalpy change of 13.6, 12.9 and 20.9J/g, respectively.


According to the strategic requirement for"a Creative Nation", it is of significance for vocational college students to develop their creativity today while science and technology are ever changing and advancing rapidly. However, influenced by the traditional concept, the higher vocational colleges failed to pay due attention to how to develop student's creativity. They should create a good campus atmosphere in which students are encouraged to form and develop their habits of creativity by reforming and implementing teaching objectives, curriculum structures, teaching methods, teaching devices and teaching evaluations from aspect of the nature of vocational education. Through its years' practice, Shandong Yingcai University has obtained some valuable experience in this respect.


Space wideband information network technology is one of the hot technologies in studying of space technology, there are many difficult technologies need to be solved, for example, technologies of the connection and communication between space and ground heterogeneous network, algorithm of mobile routing, etc. The paper does research on these problems based on IP technology of the ground network and CCSDS protocol that special for space communication, proposes an approach for communication between space network and ground network using IP over CCSDS mode, then it designs a data transmission configuration and protocol stack model for the space/ground communication network, in the end, the paper analyses how to perform mobile IP routing in the network and also puts forward method for multiple constrained QoS analysis in mobile IP routing network. As a result, the research work will accelerate the integration of the space/ground network and promote the cross-supports of the international spaceflight missions.


We present various differential cross sections for the single ionization of Li by O8+ ions. We use a time-dependent close-coupling approach to model the evolution of a one-active-electron wavefunction in the field of the incoming projectile for a range of impact parameters. In addition a Fourier transform approach is used to extract differential cross sections for a specific projectile momentum transfer value. This scheme allows us to incorporate information about the interaction of the two heavy nuclei (the so-called NN interaction) and to assess its influence in the differential cross sections. We find noticeable differences in the shape of the differential cross sections when we include (neglect) the NN interaction. Our single differential cross section calculation shows excellent agreement with experimental data. In addition recent measured double differential cross sections as a function of electron energy and transverse momentum transfer are reasonably well reproduced by our theoretical calculations. PACS numbers: 34.50.Fa


Background: The biggest cause of death worldwide is cardiovascular disease (CVD), which accounts for 31% of all fatalities that are officially reported each year. Hyperlipidemia is thought to be a key risk factor for CVD. Due to the lack of symptoms associated with hyperlipidemia, many patients do not feel the need to take medication. Undoubtedly, treating and managing the hypercholesterolemia and other diseases with no symptoms has been difficult for both patients and medical professionals. Methodology: Study was conducted in co-operation of department of Cardiology & Medicine PMC Hospital Nawabshah. 100 patients were registered having hyperlipidemia, included through convenience sampling technique. Two groups were made age from 31-50 years and other age from 51 to 70 years. Drug compliance was measured by using Morisky scale and detailed history by using the pre-formed proforma. Results: Result showed there was compliance of statin therapy in both genders PDC was more than 80%, but in comparison of both groups statin therapy compliance was statistically non-significant p value-0.726. Conclusion: The majority of the participants in this study who had hyperlipidemia adhered to their statin medication. The factors determining compliance revealed good adherence in the high-risk population, especially in people over 50 years old. Keywords: Gender, compliance. Statin therapy. Hyperlipidemia.


Background/Objective We aimed to explore the prognostic value of regression rate (RR) of plasma Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) DNA after induction chemotherapy (IC) in patients with stages II–IVA nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods Eligible patients receiving IC followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy were included. The cut-off value of pre-treatment EBV DNA (pre-IC DNA) and RR were identified by receiver operating curve (ROC). Recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) was applied to create new staging. Harrell's c-index and time-independent ROC were employed to compare different RPA staging. Results In total, 1,184 patients were included. The cut-off values of pre-IC DNA and RR were 16,200 copies/ml and 95.127% for patients receiving two cycles, and 5,520 copies/ml and 99.994% for those receiving three cycles. Notably, we only focused on patients receiving two cycles of IC. Patients with a RR >95.127% had significantly better 5-year overall survival (OS) than those with a RR ≤95.127% (86.2% vs. 54.3%, P <0.001). Then, RPA1 (pre-IC DNA + TNM staging + RR) and RPA2 (pre-IC DNA + TNM staging + post-IC EBV DNA [post-IC DNA]) staging systems were created. RPA1 staging achieved stronger power in OS prediction than RPA2 staging and TNM staging (c-index: 0.763 [0.714–0.812] vs. 0.735 [0.684–0.786] vs. 0.677 [0.604–0.749]; AUC: 0.736 vs. 0.714 vs. 0.628), indicating that RR had stronger prognostic power than post-IC DNA. Moreover, patients with stages III–IVRPA1 could benefit from high concurrent cumulative platinum dose (≥160 mg/m2). Conclusion RR in conjunction with current TNM staging could better conduct risk stratification, prognosis prediction and help to guide precise concurrent chemotherapy.


In order to evade the problems existing in construction and management of the stadiums and guarantee the smoothness of the construction of the stadiums of the 7th National Games of Peasants,a new model to exploit the stadiums of the 7th National Games of Peasants was put forward.The author conducted a feasibility study on the developing plan of the stadiums before started building,suggesting that the designers should adopt PRE-POST mode to guarantee and fulfill the sustainable development of the stadiums and set a good foundation for the city's long-term development as well.Moreover,this paper also conducts a qualitative analysis of the risks in various stages of the whole life cycle of the stadiums and gives out some countermeasures in precaution and management.


: Transition for Highly The boundary layer transition caused by the cross flow in-stability over a highly swept wing was controlled by using a DBD plasma actuator. The plasma actuator installed near the leading edge, and induced the flow to suppress the cross flow velocity that causes the transition on the highly swept wing. A low-speed wind tunnel tests were performed to understand the effects of the plasma actuator for a 60 degrees swept wing on Re =487000. The results were shown that when plasma actuator is activated the transition location delayed to downstream than no actuation of the plasma actuator. It means that the plasma actuator contributes to reduce the cross flow velocity component hence the boundary layer transition can be delayed to downstream. With increasing the voltage of the plasma actuator, the displacements of the transition locations are also increased. This trend was also observed at different free-stream velocities. : Experimental Investigations on Flexible Parachutes in Supersonic Flow. No. 6, p. 241 (Dec.) Supersonic wind tunnel tests of flexible parachutes whose canopies had a hem-ispherical shell configuration were conducted. This study was performed to explore the mechanism of flow field oscillation and vibration of canopy movement that were caused by the interaction between the supersonic flow and flexible fabric of the canopies. Effects of the flexibility and gas permeability of fabrics to the drag characteristics of the parachutes were investigated. Three kinds of fabrics (i.e. thin nylon, thick nylon and polyester) were used to pro-duce the canopies. Sizes of canopies


Abstract The purpose of this investigation was to study the rate and pattern of recuperation from the effects of ethyl alcohol on man as measured by selected gross motor tests. One level of alcohol (2 oz.) and one testing time, with graduated time intervals between consumption of alcohol and the performance test, were used in the experiment. There is a clear pattern of recovery from the effects of alcohol on man as measured by the selected gross motor tests.


During the Covid-19 pandemic, many students found it difficult to carry out their studies, so many companies provided online learning services to make it easier for students to learn. One of them is PT Zenius Education which provides online learning services, PT Zenius Education is a technology-based education company from Indonesia. Zenius provides education access services in Indonesian language video formats which are presented online through the website (zenius.com) and mobile phone applications. On the Zenius web there are many features and tutors that can make learning easier. The usability of the website according to Nielsen, namely learnbility, efficiency, memorability, errors, and satisfactions, the usability contained on the Zenius website is able to attract users because it is easy to use the Zenius website. This journal will discuss the analysis of the quality and usability of the Zenius website based on the views of various people who have used the Zenius website, so that it can make it easier for companies to improve the website so that Zenius website users are satisfied.


Three long years and several investigations have not yet settled doubts about the veracity of an immunology paper published by Massachusetts Institute of Technology professor and Nobel Laureate David Baltimore and his coworkers. The paper was a collaborative effort by Baltimore's group and that of Tufts University assistant professor Thereza Imanishi-Kari, who was then at MIT. Imanishi-Kari, whose research was challenged, continues to assert her results are correct. Baltimore supports her. But Margot O'Toole, Imanishi- Kari's former postdoc who questioned those results, continues to insist that a central claim of the paper is not supported by experimental evidence. Both versions cannot be true—and it may take an ongoing investigation by the forensics laboratory of the U.S. Secret Service to determine which is. Secret Service agents have already testified that laboratory notebooks belonging to Imanishi-Kari were altered in a way that attempted to conceal the changes. The agents presented that conclusion Ma...


Psychotherapy with HIV-infected persons. -- Medical overview of HIV infection. -- Neuropsychiatric manifestations of HIV infection. -- Psychopharmacological interventions in HIV infections. -- Substance abuse in AIDS: the need for mental health services. -- The many faces of AIDS: opportunities for intervention. -- AIDS risk in the chronically mentally ill: clinical strategies for prevention. -- Legal, ethical, and public policy issues. -- HIV infection and the mental health clinician: future directions.


The factors for the flocculation control of ceramic powder (alumina and alumino-silicate) slurries by various water soluble polymers with different ionicities were investigated through floc size, porosimetry, and polymer adsorption. The results are summarized as follows; (1) Floc size depends on the sign and the strength of charged sites on ceramic particles, ionicities of polymers, solid loading, and slurry pH. (2) Cationic polymers make mainly particles containing SiO sites flocculate, and the floc size increases with increasing pH and solid loading. Anionic and nonionic polymers make particles containing Al (O, OH) sites flocculate, and the floc size increases with decreasing pH and increasing solid loading. (3) The peak pore diameter in a dried floc obtained at high pH is smaller than that at low pH which shows a wide pore distribution. The high pH floc is denser than the low pH floc. (4) It was found that there are two systems showing different floc size behavior. In one system the floc size increases with increasing polymer adsorption, while in the other system it increases with decreasing adsorption. The former is anionic and nonionic polymer systems, the latter is cationic polymer system. This behavior suggests the difference in the mechanisms of polymer adsorption and/or flocculation.


It is a mainstay in the sociology of religion that the reflexivity that appears in religious pluralist societies has an impact on the religious identity of individuals. According to Peter Berger, reflexivity replaces the certainty of the taken-for-granted worldview by enduring uncertainty, hence relativizing every religious identity. However, his theory is underdeveloped concerning the role of culture. He fails to describe how worldviews not just respond to the pressure to relativize, but are already involved in the definition, interpretation, and integration of reflexivity itself. The aim of this article is to study the role of the worldview in dealing with reflexivity more thoroughly. A comparison between the religious trajectories of religious, atheist, and spiritual individuals, demonstrates that their own worldview restricts the scope of reflexivity letting it ending up in purification instead of relativization of religious identities.


Be with me, muse of physiology, patron of cytochromes and ATP, whose altar on the axon hillock stands, worshiped by Japanese widi nimble hands. Be with me, muse of strict reductionism and, as a beam of light splits in a prism, split my conceptions till there's nothing left of broader scope diat the synaptic cleft. Be with me, too, you ethological muses, less strict (and thus more open to abuses) but of a more complaisant frame of mind; grant me án eloquence subtle and refined, conforming to the task I now must try: to tell the story of die thirsty fly. Grant me die power to soar on wings of song (and haltères too, of course) above the dirong: to tell the whole truth, holding nothing back about the dipterous dipsomaniac.


Summary This paper presents the results of two-point loading shear tests on 50 pre-tensioned concrete I beams without web reinforcement. Although many of the beams carried a shear load greater than the cracking shear load, the amount of the excess could not be predicted, and it is concluded that failure should be considered to have occurred when the web is cracked in shear. An expression is developed for the diagonal cracking shear force. Test results already published are shown to give satisfactory agreement with this expression, and comparisons are made, for specific cases, between the ultimate shear load predicted by it and by other design equations and code rules.


The paper starts with the achievements from enterprise-university cooperation in professional colleges and makes a confirming analysis and research,affirming its positive achievements,pointing out the existing problems and putting forward corresponding counter-measures. By conclusion,the authors hold that the achievement is based on the win-win strategy,which is not only the initial aspiration but also the final result.


To improve the designers'work efficiency, reduce the design strength, ceramicgear modeling was built through three-dimensional softwarePro/E, and the model was secondary developed by using Pro/Toolkit, Pro/Esecondary development tools. Designer design independent program interface fordrive Pro/E parameters of three-dimensional modeling of the ceramic gear.


This article investigates the spectral amplitude coding, optical code division multiple access (SAC-OCDMA) over indoor optical wireless communication (WO) system for various data rates and different receiver's positions under the effect of ambient light noise. OW technology offers high speed communication with high level of security during data transmission. But it suffers from the multiple access interference (MAI) and phase induced intensity noise (PIIN) when the system associated with simultaneous multiple users. Therefore, the optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) technology is used based on zero cross correlation (ZCC) code in order to reduce those impairments that existed in OWC systems. The major advantage of ZCC code is its ability to eliminate the PIIN, thus minimize the MAI. The results show that at a bit error rate (BER) of 10-9, the system has the ability to perform at a transmission rate up to 1.2 Gbps. It also offers an excellent degree of mobility at all positions within the room at a data rate of 622 Mbps.


The network communications protocol that is most widely used and forms the basis of Internet communications is Transport Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP). TCP/IP communications form the foundation of most modern hospital networks.

While most pharmacists do not need to understand how TCP/


[Objective] The extraction technology of the pigment and ethanol-soluble protein in corn,suitable for the industrial production,was researched.[Method] The gluten,by-products from the corn starch production,being taken as raw materials,and the ethanol being taken as extraction dose,the best condition of the yellow pigment and gliadin extracted from corn was experimented with the orthogonal test.[Result] The best extraction condition of the yellow pigment from corn was the temperature,55 ℃;the extraction time,2 hours,the ratio of solid-liquid,1∶4 and the pH value,5.5;and the order of factors affecting the extracting result was the ethanol volume extraction time pH value temperature.The best extraction condition of gliadin was the extraction temperature,50 ℃;the alcohol volume,70%;the ratio of solid-liquid,1:4;the soaking time,6 hours;the pH value,5.0;and the order of the factors affecting the extracting result was the soaking time ethanol temperature alcohol pH value.[Conclusion] The basis of the industrial production of yellow pigment and gliadin extracted from corn was provided.


In this study, the losses of the hybrid energy storage system (HESS) including super-capacitor (SC) and battery in an electric vehicle (EV) are analyzed. Based on the presented vehicular system structure, the simulation model is proposed. With the controllable super-capacitor current, the operation of an EV with the hybrid battery-supercapacitor energy storage system is simulated under the European urban driving schedule ECE-15 and the losses of the hybrid energy system are computed and analyzed. The simulated results demonstrate that the super-capacitor current can be optimized under various operating conditions to minimize the losses of the hybrid battery-supercapacitor energy storage system in the EV. Thus, this study provides the valuable approach to maximize the operating efficiency of the hybrid battery-supercapacitor energy storage system in EVs.


PSYCHOLOGY
A hallmark of humanity is that people help other people—not just relatives and friends but even complete strangers. Such altruism, which goes beyond the mere exchange of favors and forms the scaffolding of large-scale cooperation in human societies, has long been an evolutionary mystery. [On page 1767][1], anthropologist Joseph Henrich of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, and his colleagues take a crack at solving the puzzle, concluding that such helpful behavior may have arisen as a result of punishment.

![Figure][2]

Playing by the rules.
Joseph Henrich ( center ) and his colleagues found that the willingness to punish unfair acts is common to many societies, including members of Fiji's Yasawa population ( left ).

CREDIT: J. HENRICH ET AL., SCIENCE

Reporting on experiments they conducted in 15 different societies on five continents, the researchers argue that altruism evolved hand in hand with a willingness to punish selfish behavior. Their results lend support to models of gene-culture coevolution that propose that cultural norms such as the punishment of unfair actions drive the selection of genes favoring altruism. "It's a pathbreaking study," says Ernst Fehr, an experimental economist at the University of Zurich in Switzerland and a proponent of gene-culture coevolution. But some evolutionary biologists, who believe that altruism toward nonrelatives evolved through repeated, mutually beneficial interactions, are unconvinced by the conclusions.

Researchers have studied the link between altruistic behavior and punishment in the past, but mainly among university students. To address whether all cultures reveal such a link, Henrich and his colleagues conducted game-playing experiments among populations such as a seminomadic community in the Kenyan savanna, inhabitants of Yasawa Island in Fiji, and farmers and wageworkers in Missouri. In one game, two players who remained anonymous to each other were given the local equivalent of 1 day's wages to divide between themselves. According to the rules, if the first player offered an amount that the second player rejected, both would walk away with nothing. The second player's decision thus provided one measure of willingness to punish.

In another game, a twist on the first one, a third person was added to the mix. If that third player felt that the first offered too little to the second, he could reduce the first player's winnings by 30%, but it would cost him a known portion of money he had been allotted. The choice of whether to ignore pure self-interest provided another measure of willingness to punish selfish acts. A final game was designed to measure altruism: Two anonymous players were given an amount to share, and one had to accept the other's offer.

The researchers found that individuals in all societies were willing to pay a price to punish unequal offers, both as the aggrieved party in the first game and as observers in the second game. Some societies were less punitive than others. And societies with a greater willingness to punish were more altruistic in the third game.

"You evolve into a more cooperative being if you grow up in a world where there are punishers," says Henrich. His evolutionary interpretation is that "punishment may have first emerged culturally. Those who violated social norms were punished while others flourished, leading to the genetic evolution of altruistic psychologies."

John Tooby, an evolutionary psychologist at the University of California, Santa Barbara, challenges Henrich's conclusion as a fanciful leap from games in which people remain anonymous. He notes that "in ancestral societies, people lived in small groups where everybody knew each other. In that environment, anonymous punitive interactions would have been rare to nonexistent, so there would have been no selection to adapt to such situations." Still, Tooby agrees that the study is a significant contribution to the ongoing debate on altruism "because it tests and reports on behavioral phenomena in a carefully parallel, cross-cultural fashion."

 [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.1127333
 [2]: pending:yes


In this paper, acoustic emission (AE) test was used to assess concrete beams having a size of 100mm x 100mm x 400mm length with water-cement ratio of 0.50. Two types of beam were considered, plain concrete beams and short steel fiber-reinforced beams. There were three parameters used in acoustic emission test: AE hits, AE location, and AE energy. The total AE hits were divided into three percentile of AE energy all throughout the test. These are 100th, 25th, and 10th percentile of AE energy. This was done to differentiate significant AE signals with large AE energy from the less significant AE signals with small energy. It was found out that short steel fiber-reinforced concrete beams produced large number of total AE hits compared to ordinary concrete beams. The crack progression was clearly visualized at 10 percentile of AE energy.


Resolved nebular remnants of classical novae are discussed in terms of size, surface brightness, and shape. A list of 26 known resolved remnants is given. The conditions necessary for visibility of a resolved remnant are discussed. The structure of remnants can be studied at optical wavelengths by direct imaging and by long-slit or otherwise spatially resolved spectroscopy of emission lines. Based on recent spatiokinematic stud ies, most nebular remnants are prolate in outline, with sub-structure that has been characterized as consisting of "polar blobs" and "equatorial rings". The mechanism that shapes the remnants is not yet known with certainty. There is room for much ad ditional work in discovering new remnants and in characterizing those that are known.


Robotic technologies have opened up hundreds of new limitless perspectives for educational reform. We have conducted research to study the impact and outcomes of Robotic teaching in systematic studies, experimental studies, and surveys. The conclusions of this study reveal that educational robots have an impact on children, teachers, and students. We looked into how robots affect children's behavior, learning outcomes, perceptions, and human interactions. The learning efficacy of educational Robot teachers is determined by a variety of factors, including learning outcome, student behavior and mood during class sessions, student reaction, and student involvement during workshops/class participation/quizzes/Q&A sessions. The majority of the research articles we chose were experimental studies, and they all met their objectives, which included teaching mathematical problems, unit conversion problems, teaching English/secondary language, developing analytical, and computational skills, behavior, and attitude development, critical thinking, and improving communication skills.


The fracture strength of HF-etched samples was measured as a function of field-assisted K-Na ion exchange depth, as well as the severity of abrasion. As expected, the more severe the abrasion, the greater the depth required to make the strength insensitive to abrasion. An abrasion-independent weakening mechanism that increased with exchange depth was also found to be operative.


Country risk analysis (CRA) attempts to identify imbalances that increase the risk of a shortfall in the expected return of a cross-border investment. This paper describes the general process used to create risk measures and discusses some of the weaknesses of this process. It then examines the degree of association of six measures and analyzes the ability of these measures to predict returns for a manufacturing investment. The paper concludes that company analysts may improve the performance of risk measures available from commercial services by adjusting risk measurement to fit the company's specific type of foreign direct investment.


This thesis is focused on the performance of the company and its evaluation. The thesis defines the basic concepts related to the issue of performance and its measurement. The financial and strategic analysis is theoretically explained, which is then measured in the selected business. An evaluation of outcomes is made and suggestions and recommendations for improving the performance evaluation system are defined.


The use of music as a tool for engagement with young people in two learning environments - an ESL (English as Second Language) high school for newly arrived immigrant and refugee students and a residential care facility for adolescent boys - is investigated in this paper. The music programs were developed specifically to meet therapeutic objectives for these young people and were conducted by the author who is a music therapist. The author reports on her observations of these programs and post-study interviews conducted with the students and teachers. She then discusses her interpretation of her observations and the programs in relation to the current literature on the relationships between music and young people, and learning.


The rotation of a dynamically symmetric rigid body about a fixed point under the action of a small dissipative torque and random additive and multiplicative torques is considered. The averaging method is utilized to construct the steady-state distribution density of characteristics of this motion.


: Sport has always represented a huge profit-driver for brands all around the world. Let's think for one moment at one of the most classical examples: a football match. Have you ever attended a game where you didn't come across a famous brand? I bet you really have to struggle to find a similar episode. As a matter of fact, every week we are bombarded with multiple logos while watching a game. And the reason is simple: companies see in these events the chance to gain visibility in front of a large audience with disposable income and high purchase power. Also, since they are addressing fans that identify themselves with one team, leveraging their loyalty brings tangible and long-term competitive advantage. With the vigorous development of sports sponsorship market, sports sponsorship has increasingly become an important means of communication to enhance the image of enterprises and highly achieve the enterprise goals. Based on the analysis of the sports sponsorship effectiveness and the impact factors of sports sponsorship effectiveness, this paper establishes the sports sponsorship effectiveness evaluation mode from three perspectives, that is, from customers' perspective, from cooperative perspective, from social benefits perspective.


Chronic pain is significantly influenced by behavioral, cognitive, and emotional factors. Few studies have investigated the health locus of control (HLC)—one's belief regarding where control over one's health lies—as it relates to patients with chronic pain. The purpose of this prospective, cross‐sectional study was to examine the relationship between depression and health/pain locus of control (HLC) in adult patients with persistent pain.


Abstract Diisopropylidene mannofuranose (1) and dimethylphosphite react under base catalysis in an Abramow reaction with subsequent internal transesterification to yield the diasteromeric δ-phostones 2, which are also transformed into their crystalline tosylates 3. Surprisingly, these compounds adapt a boat conformation, however, after change of the protecting groups a flat chair conformation (of 8 and 9) results. The δ-phostone formation (7) turned out to be the preferred reaction course even when the cyclic phosphite 6 is applied to react with 1. In basic medium the tosylate 3 does not undergo a ring contraction to a glycosyl phosphonate, however, the 2-desoxy mannonic acid ester 10 is obtained; this is discussed and a mechanism proposed. Starting with the ribofuranose derivative 12 the corresponding δ-phostones 14 are prepared. In the reaction of the glucopyranose compound 16 a competition between the formation of δ-phostones 19 and the open-chain phosphonates 21 is observed.


1
Innate Immune Defenses

2
T Lymphocytes and Immunity to Viruses

3
The Role of Antibodies in Immunity to Viruses

4
Immunopathology in Virus Infection

5
Examples of Immune Responses to Specific Viruses

6
Viral Strategies for Evading the Immune Response

7
Concluding Remarks

Keywords:

immune response to viral infections;
innate immune defenses;
toll-like receptors (TLR);
NK cells in antiviral immunity;
key role of macrophages;
innate immunity;
T cells in antiviral immunity;
antibody-mediated pathology


Easy to clean surfaces can be made by wet‐chemical coating with subsequent heat‐treatment. Organically modified metal oxide films form the base, reinforced by nano composite structures. The hydro‐ and oleophobic effect is obtained by perfluorinated organic molecule chains in the nano composite sol‐gel coatings.


This paper focuses on a geometry optimization methodology based on a lumped-parameter mathematical model, which accepts the voltage as the input, and bending angle and bending moment as the outputs, for a trilayer bending-type polymer actuator. An analogy is made between thermal strain and the real strain in the actuator to establish the mathematical model, which is solved using the finite element method in order to obtain theoretical results. The polypyrrole (PPy) actuator, which consists of five layers of three different materials, operates in a non-aquatic medium, i.e., air, as opposed to its predecessors. With reference to its operation principle, the movement or propagation of dopant ions and solvent molecules into the PPy layers is mimicked with a temperature distribution model to improve the accuracy of the model. Theoretical and experimental results presented suggest that the model is valid to predict the bending angle and bending moment outputs of the PPy actuators quite well for a range of input voltages and actuator thicknesses. The model has been employed to determine the actuator geometry, resulting in improved/higher bending angle and bending moment outputs. The geometry optimization results for an actuator with a constant length and width demonstrate that the thicker is the root of the actuator, where it is clamped, the higher is the bending moment, as compared to an actuator with a uniform thickness.


In view of the forming process difficulty of the high precision part,the problems of the present cold extruding die,such as big flash and low service life were analyzed.A practical improving measure about the die structure was put forward.The die structure was changed from the integral structure to the separation structure,which means that the orientation part and the die part were separated.Then the problems of the inconvenient handling of surface roughness on the two sides and at the bottom of the die and the flash were resolved and the die service life was improved.The tryout shows that the product has high surface quality and the dimensional accuracy meets the requirements.Through the actual production verification,the service life of the cold extruding die is greatly extended from 12 to 100 pieces.


This research aims at investigating the effects of English learning in Elementary School on learners' English Language Development in Junior High School. The investigation can be done by measuring learners' English Language Development focuses on vocabulary, grammar and reading skills in Junior High School. The used methods were questionnaire, test and documentation. Five questions of questionnaire and thirty questions of test were asked to the seventh grade learners of SMP Muhammadiyah Sumbang in academic year 2017/2018. 39 of 124 learners were taken used purposive sampling technique. This research classified as retrospective ex-post facto research used qualitative and quantitative method to analyze the data. Qualitative method was used to analyze the questionnaire data. Quantitative method was used to calculate the test result. The data showed that there is no significant effects of English learning in Elementary School on learners' English Language Development in Junior High School in the terms of vocabulary, grammar and reading skills.


Electrode fabrication on polymer substrates surface is very important for developing many devices such as flexible thin film transistors,large area displays,electronic tags and biochemical sensors etc.In this paper,we report on direct fabrication of copper electrodes on polymer substrate surface by molecular self-assembly technique.The process involved the UV-irradiation of the polyethylene naphthalate(PEN) surface to introduce carboxyl groups and subsequent adsorption of silver ions,which were then reduced by UV-irradiation to form silver particles as the seeds to catalyze chemical deposition of copper.Using a photomask,the copper electrodes could be successfully fabricated on the selected surface sites.So the obtained copper electrodes possess an electric resistivity of 5.063×10-2 Ω·mm2/m,which is on the same order of magnitude as pure metal copper.This method is simple and convenient,which provides a very good way for fabricating electrodes on polymer substrate.


This work is part of a series of investigations that have been conducted in Programa de Investigacion en Fundamentos de la Educacion a Distancia de la Universidad Estatal a Distancia de Costa Rica (Research Program in Foundations of Distance Education at UNED) on the subject of language and literacy. Specifically, this study aimed to learn about the concepts of language that some first and second cycle teachers of basic general education have, who work in some schools in Costa Rica for public education. Knowing what teachers think about language is critical because these assumptions give the research an idea on what premises, theories and fundamentals education has as a base in their daily practice, and also an idea on how this affects literacy teaching and learning processes themselves, so that the analysis of their practice can be done as well as an improvement of the educational process. This was an exploratory study; so a mixed method was used. Among the results, it finds intuitive practice of teachers to address the issue of language and the need of a stronger language proposal that allows teachers enhance language skills beyond communication.


The highly alkaline residue from the fluidized-bed combustion (FBC) of coal may be an environmentally acceptable material for use in neutralizing acid produced by the oxidation of pyrite in coal slurry solids (CSS). Previous research indicated that FBC residues in mixtures with pyrite-rich CSS neutralized the acid produced by or attenuated the oxidation of pyrite in CSS. The intent in this research was to collect cores of unconsolidated material and sample pore gases from a reclaimed coal slurry impoundment. The gas composition data would provide background data for the development of a predictive computer model of the generation and migration of acid in a reclaimed coal slurry impoundment. Cores of coal slurry were collected on May 16--18, 1994 from four holes in a reclaimed coal slurry impoundment. There was no unsaturated zone in the coal, so no gas samples can be collected from that zone. The authors installed three samplers in one hole. Two of the samplers are in the saturated zone (in the coal) and the third one might be in the unsaturated zone, but in the soil cover above the coal particles. They plan to collect samples in about mid-June. The water and solids from the cores aremore » being separated for chemical analysis. The computer model for the oxidation of pyrite at near-neutral conditions is being developed. The first portion of code, the calculation of thermodynamic equilibrium without consideration of ionic strength, has been written. The methods of Morel and Hering (1993) and Westall (1986) are the basis for the model, however, the model does not follow the matrix solution used by them. Rather, an algebraic solution is used. A matrix similar to the one reported last quarter was used to formulate mass balance and material balance equations.« less


In social sciences it is more or less generally acknowledged that (social) networks seem to be the natural tool in the organization of social activity. In the liteature on the mathematical description of social phenomena the concept of a network is hardly used. In this paper we focus on the development of a possible mathematical formualtion of the properties of a social network and a minimal and nearly complete social relational subsystem as a quasi-network within the setting of an economic trade system.


The study investigates how information and communication technologies
(ICTs) can contribute to sustainable mobility in Torshavn, the capital of
the Faroe Islands. Journeys with the purposes of work, shopping and
leisure are investigated and analysed in terms of sustainable mobility. Data
has been collected through a survey of residents in four neighbourhoods
and interviews with respectively people with car and people without car.
The findings of the study show that car ownership is perceived important
for social inclusion and people with no car ownership are exposed to
experience a low mobility. Thus, a high car priority has caused that less
attention has been given to public transportation, infrastructure for nonmotorised
transportation modes and proximity in urban design. Results
also show that there is an interest use ICTs to complement journeys and
non car owners with a low mobility use ICTs to substitute physical. ICTs
can, therefore, facilitate sustainable mobility by providing access to
shopping, leisure and work. Policies that promote sustainable mobility
should discourage car use but ensure a high mobility by improving
conditions for public and non-motorised transportation. Mobility should be
complemented by access in the local area and through usage of ICTs.


Developing a low-frequency tunable microwave absorber for the normal use of sophisticated electric devices is an urgent need for electromagnetic pollution. Herein, we report the designed synthesis of a three-dimensional...


Creating a mobile urban tourism storytelling application presents several interactivity challenges on how to convey an engaging multimedia experience on-site. This article describes a methodology for fast prototyping of a multimedia mobile applications dedicated to urban tourism storytelling. The application can be a game that takes advantage of several location-based technologies, freely available geo-referenced media, and augmented reality for immersive gameplay. The goal is to create serious games for tourism that follow a main narrative but where the story can automatically adapt itself to the current location of the player, assimilate possible detours and allow posterior out-of-location playback. Adaptable stories can use dynamic information from map sources such as points of interest (POI), elevation or virtual buildings. The main focus is for these location-based storytelling games to create more engagement between the tourists and the urban environment. To explore this concept, an application was designed for the city of Porto: Unlocking Porto. This location-based game with a central, yet adaptable, story engages the player into the main sights following an augmented reality path while playing small games. The article discusses and presents solutions for media acquisition, interactive storytelling, game-design interface and multi-disciplinary coordination for mobile app development.


Geometric evaluation of imagery obtained by the Skylab S-192 multi-spectral conical scanner was carried out by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, L.B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas, in accordance with an overall implementation plan for sensor performance evaluation of the Skylab Earth Resources Experiment Package (EREP). The three-dimensional geometric fidelity of the S-192 scanner data, the S-192 sensor pointing accuracy from the spacecraft ephemeris data for location, and the two-dimensional reproduction of the S-192 scanner data on a screening film by the use of ephemeris data were evaluated. A dynamic mathematical model in three-dimensional space, describing the geometry of the dynamic data acquisition system of the Skylab S-192 conical scanner, was developed in order to study the geometric fidelity of the scanner data and the S-192 sensor pointing accuracy from the spacecraft ephemeris data. An affine linear transformation in two-dimensional space was employed for evaluating the accuracy of the two-dimensional reproduction of the S-192 digital data on a screening film by means of Cyber 73/Production Film Converter and by the use of spacecraft ephemeris data. Background information on the S-192 scanner, the mathematical models and their salient features, test results, limitations, and recommendations for the geometric evaluation of the S-192 scanner imagery are presented. /Author/


A two paraIlleter versal tmfolding for generic nilpotent singular point was studied independently by Takens and Bogdanov and so one now calls it : the Bogdanov-Takens bifurcation. Historically, it was the last codiInension 2 singularity to be treated.


Serious injury on canaliculus lacrimalismay cause partial defect of the duct and thediract surgical anastomosis of severed ends isimpossible. From 1984 to 1991 the authorsused a plastic tube as a standing support to in-duce the reqeneration of the canaliculaslacrimalis. The success rate of 12 cases was91.6%. The surgery is simple and may be usedin cases with the defect not nore than 8mm.The epithelium of canaliculus lacrimalis is com-posed of stratified squamous epithelial cells,which have the strong ability of regeneration,and may regenerate along the plastic tube andrestore the drainage function of the duct.


Herein we describe systems and technologies for the application
of predictive models and the development of growth boundary
models. The latter are supported by systematic analysis of the
literature and are now used in risk assessments including those
cold tolerant pathogens in minimally processed foods including dairy
products. To promote further application of predictive models in the
dairy industry and potential triple bottom line benefits we strongly
advocate collaboration and integration of R&D at several levels.


Introduction: COVID-19 vaccines have emerged as a key strategy, being the most effective public health intervention in preventing the massive humanitarian crisis. Thus, as a part of preventive measure, government of India had launched COVID-19vaccines on 16 January 2021.Indeed vaccine hesitancy is one of the most significant barriers for success of any immunization drive. Hence, in view of the recent surge in Covid19 cases in our country, this study was planned to assess the awareness, hesitancy and acceptance attitudes ofCOVID-19vaccine among Medical Students (MS) of Maharashtra. Methodology: This was a cross sectional study. Data was collected using self-reported, structured questionnaire from 356 MS through online Google form. Data were extracted, transferred and analysed using appropriate statistical tool. Results: The study reported 83.43%vaccine acceptance and 16.57% of hesitancy among MS. Furthermore, the main source of COVID-19 vaccine information was social media followed by government web sites. Majority 91.57% of the students were aware of different types of COVID-19vaccines available in our country. However 62.62% MS among acceptance group were willing to get vaccinated through college or university health centre. Beside the main reason for hesitancy was fear of adverse reactions. Moreover the hesitant group was uncertain about safety and efficacy of available vaccines. Conclusion: High acceptance was shown among MS regarding COVID-19 vaccine;however, it is critical to alleviate uncertainties among hesitant MS by continuous education, encouragement and motivation. Consequently, planning and implementation of strategies to further amplify the vaccination rate among medical student is vital to augment the COVID-19 vaccination drive in our country.


In this work, an untargeted metabolomic approach based on sensitive analysis by on‐line solid‐phase extraction capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry (SPE‐CE‐MS) in combination with multivariate data analysis is proposed as an efficient method for the identification of biomarkers of Huntington's disease (HD) progression in plasma. For this purpose, plasma samples from wild‐type (wt) and HD (R6/1) mice of different ages (8, 12, and 30 weeks), were analyzed by C18‐SPE‐CE‐MS in order to obtain the characteristic electrophoretic profiles of low molecular mass compounds. Then, multivariate curve resolution alternating least squares (MCR‐ALS) was applied to the multiple full scan MS datasets. This strategy permitted the resolution of a large number of metabolites being characterized by their electrophoretic peaks and their corresponding mass spectra. A total number of 29 compounds were relevant to discriminate between wt and HD plasma samples, as well as to follow‐up the HD progression. The intracellular signaling was found to be the most affected metabolic pathway in HD mice after 12 weeks of birth, when mice already showed motor coordination deficiencies and cognitive decline. This fact agreed with the atrophy and dysfunction of specific neurons, loss of several types of receptors, and changed expression of neurotransmitters.


The invention relates to a door stop for motor vehicle doors which is integrated with a door hinge. The door hinge is constructed of two hinge halves which are each formed by a folded part made of sheet metal. The door hinge is also constructed of a hinge pin which pivotally connects both hinge halves to one another. The first hinge half having an essentially hat-shaped cross-section engages in-between both profile limbs of the other hinge half which is essentially u-shaped. The door stop comprises braking or holding means which are radially aligned in relation to the hinge pin axis and which intereact with stopping means, said stopping means being concentrically arranged in relation to the hinge pin axis. The door stop is essentially coaxial in relation to the hinge axis. In order to produce a door stop which can be integrated and which enables a standardization of the door stop construction, the invention provides that the rotating bearing of an enclosing hinge half and the stopping device are accommodated in a stopping device housing. Said housing is primarily arranged inside the engaging hinge half having a hat-shaped profile cross-section, and is fastened on this hinge half in a rotationally fixed manner.


The filamentous fungi comprise a ubiquitous group of heterotrophic organisms living as saprophytes, parasites, or symbionts. The basis for fungal vegetative growth is the continued and coordinated expansion of a series of fungal cell tips into a linear or complex structure. Fungi differentiate into a variety of structures including spores, which are the effective means of genome protection, survival, and propagation. Spores are also the primary agent for infecting host organisms for many human- and plant-pathogenic fungi. Asexual sporulation is a prevalent mode of reproduction for a diverse group of fungi, which results in the production of vast numbers of mitotically derived spores (reviewed in reference 2). The genus Aspergillus represents the most widespread fungi in our environment, which all reproduce asexually by forming long chains of conidiospores (or conidia) radiating from a central structure known as a conidiophore (Fig. 1) (reviewed in reference 3). The impact of various Aspergillus species on humans runs the range from "good" to "bad." For instance, several species such as Aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillus niger are used in industry for enzyme production and food processing. In contrast, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus can produce the most potent naturally present carcinogen, aflatoxin, which can contaminate various foods and feeds (reviewed in reference 43). Moreover, the opportunistic human pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus has become the most prevalent airborne fungal pathogen, causing severe and usually fatal invasive aspergillosis in immunocompromised patients (reviewed in reference 22). Aspergillus nidulans has served as an excellent model system for studying various biological questions, primarily due to the ease of genetic analysis through meiotic (sexual) recombination and the development of sophisticated molecular tools (32). These properties have provided a better understanding of the mechanisms controlling growth, development, secondary metabolism, and other aspects of cell biology in filamentous fungi (3, 35, 50, 57). The availability of the genome sequences of several aspergilli facilitates comparative genomic, genetic, and functional studies. In particular, knowledge and information obtained from a model fungus can be effectively tested in less genetically tractable aspergilli. Recent studies of a number of Aspergillus species have proven that a model fungus can provide a useful framework for understanding the biology of agriculturally and/or medically relevant aspergilli (6, 7, 38, 41, 49, 57). For instance, the novel nuclear protein LaeA has been shown to function as a global regulator of secondary metabolism as well as a regulator of morphogenetic virulence factors in the genus Aspergillus (6, 7). This review summarizes our current understanding of the genetic mechanisms controlling asexual development (conidiation) and vegetative growth in the model (A. nidulans) and pathogenic (A. fumigatus) aspergilli.


The current publication introduces a FEM software based developed six-phase claw-pole alternator model. A model of power electronics has been built as well. The FEM model of the claw-pole alternator was co-simulated with the model of the power electronics. The FEM model was developed based on measurements of a real claw-pole alternator. In order to determine geometries and dimensions of components of the electrical machine, the examined claw-pole alternator was disassembled after electrical and mechanical measurements and various tests have been proceeded.


Method of culturing undifferentiated mammalian cells (e.g., stem and progenitor cells) are provided. The method comprising the step of incubating said cells in the presence of a sustained release composition comprising at least one growth factor, wherein the sustained-release composition continuously releases the growth factor, the more sustained levels growth the presence of factors are maintained in an undifferentiated state cells.


Pt nanoparticles (NPs) formed by ion-beam synthesis in amorphous SiO{sub 2} were irradiated with Au ions in the energy range of 27-185 MeV. Small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) and transmission electron microscopy were used to characterize an irradiation-induced shape transformation within the NPs. A simple yet effective way of analyzing the SAXS data to determine both NP dimensions is presented. A transformation from spherical to rodlike shape with increasing irradiation fluence was observed for NPs larger than an energy-dependent threshold diameter, which varied from 4.0 to 6.5 nm over 27-185 MeV. NPs smaller than this threshold diameter remained spherical upon irradiation but decreased in size as a result of dissolution. The latter was more pronounced for the smallest particles. The minor dimension of the transformed NPs saturated at an energy-dependent value comparable to the threshold diameter for elongation. The saturated minor dimension was less than the diameter of the irradiation-induced molten track within the matrix. We demonstrate that Pt NPs of diameter 13 nm reach saturation of the minor dimension beyond a total-energy deposition into the matrix of 20 keV/nm{sup 3}.


Thedevelopment ofdistant teaching always coincides withsignificant changes inthemeansofdiffusion, distribution of theinformation flow.Thus,the technological developments of information and communication ledtoanewperception oftheteaching inwhichthee earning seemstobeanewconcept, brought particularly bytheInternet technologies. The implementation ofthis concept reuires theconstruction ofwhatwecallplatform ofe earning whichisa whole ofsoftware tools intended torespond totheneeds ofthree community of actors intheplatform the student, theteacher andtheadministrators, because today, thee earning isseenlike ameanofbuilding virtual organizations offormation. Certain actors can playdifferent roles suchas tutoror authorforthe teacher, a learner forthestudent andmanagerof contentsor managerof formation forthe administrators. Inthisworkwe focus onmanager s community as a teamworking andcollaborating together andwith theothers communities.


SUMMARY

The hatching activity of partially resistant Solanum tuberosum×S. vernei clones and susceptible cultivars was investigated in a series of tests with G. pallida conducted in pots in the glasshouse. Differences in hatching were apparent, with the partially resistant clones generally stimulating a lower total hatch than the S. tuberosum cultivars. It is concluded that reduced hatching activity can make a small contribution to overall resistance and perhaps also to the tolerance of a clone to G. pallida.


NEMIS is a remote training system based on the Internet,which uses the B/S structure.The paper first introduces the development background,the design goal,the design principle,the overall structure of the system,the flow of the training flat and the main subsystem.Besides the essential technology,security control of this system and the XML,are stated in this paper.


Author(s): Shankar, Kalpana | Abstract: This white paperis the product of a one-year postdoctoral fellowship to study data archiving requirements for the Center for Embedded Networked Sensing during its first year of operation. The paperfocuses on introducing current thinking on scientific data management issues and primarily on relevant standards in data description (metadata) and management for scientific archives. Appendices include a rudimentary data dictionary for the current James Reserve database, and sample metadata crosswalks for Ecological Metadata Language (EML) and Sensor ML. This papercovers current standards, developments, and sources of datasets (where appropriate) for: • General data management and discovery - tools • Environmental science/ecology • Seismology • Oceanography • Atmospheric science • Toxic hydrology • Geographical Information Systems (GIS) • Education


Scrap materials containing plutonium (Pu) metal are currently being transferred from the FB Line vault to HB Line for dissolution and subsequent disposition through the H-Canyon facility. Some of the items scheduled for dissolution contain both Pu and beryllium (Be) metal as a composite material. The Pu and Be metals were physically separated to minimize the amount of Be associated with the Pu; however, the dissolution flowsheet was required to dissolve small amounts of Be combined with the Pu metal using a dissolving solution containing nitric acid (HNO3) and potassium fluoride (KF). Since the dissolution of Pu metal in HNO3/fluoride (F-) solutions is well understood, the primary focus of the experimental program was the dissolution of Be metal. Initially, small-scale experiments were used to measure the dissolution rate of Be metal foils using conditions effective for the dissolution of Pu metal. The experiments demonstrated that the dissolution rate was nearly independent of the HNO3 concentration over the limited range of investigation and only a moderate to weak function of the F- concentration. The effect of temperature was more pronounced, significantly increasing the dissolution rate between 40 and 105 degrees C. The offgas from three Be metal foil dissolutions was collectedmore » and characterized. The production of hydrogen (H2) was found to be sensitive to the HNO3 concentration, decreasing by a factor of approximately two when the HNO3 was increased from 4 to 8 M. This result is consistent with the dissolution mechanism shifting away from a typical metal/acid reaction toward increased production of nitrogen oxides by nitrate (NO3-) oxidation.« less