The sensitivity expression of spatial-resolved diffuse reflectance to first-order scattering parameter was derived and numerically analyzed based on the P3 approximation of transport theory,and the influence of scattering parameter on the P3 approximation and diffusion approximation reflectance were also compared.The results show that:the sensitivity is distinct with that of the diffusion approximation in the region of about two transport mean free paths;the sensitivity to scattering parameter equals zero at the distance about four transport mean free paths which differs with the diffusion approximation;the optimum source-detector distance decreases with the increase of the scattering coefficient,and this change becomes more obvious with lower absorption.The research has theoretical significance to obtain absorption information of tissue with diffuse reflectance at the optimum source-detector distance.


A model is made for the course scheduling system based on the actual situation of Yulin Normal University.A visual model is made for the course scheduling system by colored Petri nets,and the flow of system is described.The model will make some help to the development of the course scheduling system.


NEUROEDNOCRINOLOGY OF MALE REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR - M. J. Baum.- NEUROCHEMISTRY OF MALE SEXUAL BEHAVIOR - E. M. Hull, J. M. Dominguez, and J. W. Muschamp.- FEMININE SEXUAL BEHAVIOR FROM NEUROENDOCRINE AMD MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES - J. D. Blaustein and S. K. Mani.- THE NEUROCHEMISTRY OF LIMBIC-HYPOTHALAMIC CIRCUITS REGULATING SEXUAL RECEPTIVITY - P. Micevych, K. Sinchak.- NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY AND NEUROCHEMISTRY OF MATERNAL MOTIVATION AND BEHAVIOR - J. S. Lonstein and J.I. Morrell.- NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY, NEUROCHEMISTRY, AND MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY OF AFFILIATIVE BEHAVIOR - E. A. D. Hammock and L. J. Young.- NEUROCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR - K. A. Miczek, S. P. Faccidomo, E. W. Fish and J. F. DeBold.- NOVEL MECHANISMS UNDERLYING NEUROENDOCRINE REGULATION OF AGGRESSION: A SYNTHESIS OF RODENT, AVIAN AND PRIMATE STUDIES - G. E. Demas, M. A. Cooper, H. E. Albers, and K. K. Soma.- MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY OF BIRD SONG - D. F. Clayton.- THE NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY AND NEUROCHEMISTRY OF BIRDSONG - G. F. Ball and J. Balthazart.- SEX DIFFERENCES IN NEUROTRANSMITTERS AND BEHAVIOR: DEVELOPMENT - M. M. McCarthy.- SEX DIFFERENCES IN NEUROTRANSMITTERS SYSTEMS VASOPRESSIN AS AN EXAMPLE - G. J. de Vries.- NEUROCHEMICAL SYSTEMS REGULATING THE HYPOTHALAMO-PITUITARY-ADRENOCORTICAL AXIS - J. P. Herman, H. F. Figueiredo, N. K. Mueller, M. M. Ostrander, R. Zhang, M. Tauchi, D. C. Choi, A. R. Furay, N. K. Evanson, E. B. Nelson, and Y. M. Ulrich-Lai.- NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY OF STRESS - B. S. McEwen, S. Chattarji.- MATERNAL PROGRAMMING OF GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR EXPRESSION AND HPA RESPONSES TO STRESS THROUGH DNA METHYLATION IN THE RAT - M. J. Meaney, I. C. G. Weaver, T. Wu, I. Hellstrom, J. Diorio, and M. Szyf.- ENERGY BALANCE AND FEEDING - S. C. Benoit, D. J. Clegg, S. C. Woods.- THE NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY, NEUROCHEMISTRY, AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THIRST AND SALT APPETITE - A. K. Johnson and R. L. Thunhorst.- NEUROCHEMISTRY/NEUROPHARMACOLOGY OF FEAR AND FEAR CONDITIONING - G. E. Schafe and J. E. LeDoux.- NEUROCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY OF MEMORY - P. Dash and A. N. Moore.- NEUROCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY OF REWARD - J. B. Becker and R. L. Meisel.- NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY OF MEMORY AND COGNITIVE FUNCTION - V. N. Luine.- THE MAMMALIAN CIRCADIAN SYSTEM: FROM GENES TO BEHAVIOR - B. H. Miller, E. L. McDearmon, and J. S. Takahashi.- NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY OF BEHAVIORAL RHYTHMS - T. M. Lee and L. Smale.- NEUROCHEMISTRY OF SLEEP - T. Porkka-Heiskanen, L. Alanko, and D. Stenberg.- NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY OF SLEEP - A. Steiger


The structural-dynamic changes during temperature-induced phase separation in poly(N,N-diethylacrylamide) (PDEAAm)/D 2 O solutions and physical gels in a broad range of concentrations (c = 0.5-50 wt.-%) were studied by conventional high-resolution and MAS 1 H NMR spectra. In the whole concentration range, irrespective of whether the studied system is a solution (c 5 wt.-%), the phase transition is manifested by line brondening (linewidth 3.6 kHz) of a major part of PDEAAm anits, evidently due to the formation of compact globular-like structures. 1 H. MAS NMR spectra have shown that this broadening is not due to near-static dipolar interactions. The respective motion is effectively isotropic with correlation time 1 μs, probably corresponding to Brownian tumbling of the whole globular particles. The thermotropic phase transition, as revealed by NMR, is not discontinuous, but 6 K broad (302-308 K). Above the LCST transition, the fraction p * of PDEAAm segments in globular-like structures is between 0.94-1.0, independent of the polymer concentration. At temperatures below the LCST a certain preaggregation of PDEAAm is indicated by smaller line broadening (linewidths 100 Hz) in the 1 H NMR spectra.


MODBUS agreemont was the common communications agreemont of industrial scene,it described a visiting other equipment process of controller,in response to the request from other equipment and to detect and record the wrong message,this paper presented the agreement principle of ModBus and the coding methods of CRC and CRC coding of MODBUS and the code of 16bit Modbus CRC.


Abstract The concern for efficient use of clean and alternative sources of energy other than fossil fuel has gathered rapid momentum all over the world. The most interesting development is the growing realization that ethanol is an alternative source to fuel and lubricants derived from the liquid fuel. This work, therefore, focuses on the experimental conducts in producing ethanol fuel from agricultural products (corn, guinea corn, and millet shaft) that are an easy source in Nigeria and to compare the performance of the fuel with gasoline based on the characteristics of the ethanol fuel produced. The agricultural products (corn, guinea corn, and millet shaft) were hydrolyzed using an alkaline treatment and acid hydrolysis; subsequent fermentation of simple sugars obtained from hydrolysis by yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) produced bio ethanol and CO 2 . Results obtained revealed that the production of bio-ethanol was successfully carried out. One hundred grams each of the three samples gave yields of 65, 52, and 45 cm3 from corn, guinea corn, and millet shaft hydrolyzed, respectively. About 99.2% of anhydrous ethanol was achieved at the end of the drying process using charcoal (adsorbent), which is close to the theoretical value of 99.9% ethanol. The properties that the bio-ethanol have been tested for are relative density, flash point, sulphur content, vapor pressure, viscosity, latent heat of vaporization, and heat of combustion. The results obtained are relative density of 0.966, flash point is 55°C, and sulphur content of the ethanol fuel is 0.0251%, while the vapor pressure of the produced fuel is 25.7%. Other properties of the produced ethanol fuel are viscosity, which is 1.24 (cp) at 20°C, latent heat of vaporization is 635.3 kj/kg, while the latent heat of combustion of the produced ethanol fuel is 31300.23 kj/kg. These experimental values are relatively close to gasoline.


We propose a scenario for self-consistent interpretation of GeV-TeV spectrum of a distant blazar PKS 1424+ 240. In this scenario, ultrahigh energy (UHE) protons are assumed to exist in the blazar jet and produce gamma-rays through synchrotron emission emitted by relativistic protons and pair cascades (resulted from p gamma interaction); meanwhile, some of these UHE protons may escape from the jet and are injected into intergalactic space. Therefore, we assume that UHE cosmic rays (UHECRs) originate from relativistic protons in the jet and use energy-independent escape time-scale to obtain UHECR injection spectrum. Both contributions of gamma-rays injected by the source and secondary gamma-rays produced in interactions of UHECRs emitted by the blazar with photon background during their propagation through intergalactic space are calculated. Our results show that this scenario is able to reproduce the GeV-TeV spectrum of PKS 1424+ 240 self-consistently in a broad range of redshifts 0.6 < z < 1.3. The required relativistic jet power L-p similar or equal to 3 x 10(46) erg s(-1) only moderately depends on the assumed source redshift, while the proton escape time-scale (and the injected UHECR luminosity) strongly depends on z. We compare the integral TeV fluxes predicted in our scenario with the sensitivity of the planned Cherenkov Telescope Array, and discuss the implications to future observations.


The predatory efficacy of phytoseiid mites, Neoseiulus barkeri was evaluated against onion thrips in controlled conditions. Different larval instars and adult thrips were provided as prey in different combinations (choice) or separately (no-choice). In choice test, no significant difference was observed in total thrips consumption per day. But in both observation hours (12 h or 24 h), a significant difference was observed between the feeding of immature and adult thrips. In a no-choice test,when we confined N. barkeri to feed on a specified diet of T. tabaci (first instar, second instar, or adults separately), a significant difference in total thrips consumption per day was observed in each prey group. In both tests, predatory mites fed more on first larval instar thrips compared to second larval instar and adults. However, consumption rate was rather higher during initial feeding hours (12 h) and slowed down later (24 h); this may be due to aggressive predation initially. The findings suggest that N. barkeri feed more on younger instars of T. tabaci and if these predators are released during early pest outbreak it will control the thrips population.


The invention relates to health preserving tea which is prepared from lohanguo siraitia fruit, boat-fruited sterculia seed, rose, red date, dwarf lilyturf root tuber, wolfberry fruit, aloe, licorice root, lotus plumule, eucommia bark, black tea, Americans ginseng, ganoderma lucidum spore powder, tuber fleeceflower root, poria cocos, Chinese yam rhizome, Cassia occidentalis, cassia seed, mulberry leaves, Lithocarpus polystachyus wild tea, raw hawthorn, Grifola frondosa and Antrodia camphorate. The health preserving tea has the effects of clearing and nourishing throat, invigorating qi, tonifying kidney, tranquilizing mind, improving sleeping, caring skin, removing toxic materials, losing weight, and the like, does not contain artificial sugar, and has sweet taste and esthetic color. The health preserving tea can effectively enhance immunity of human body, and has simple production process, convenience in consumption and moderate price, and is very suitable for modern sub-health people for conditioning and health preserving.


This paper presents a summary of author's impressions after two visits to Nairobi: first-time in 2013 and the second a year later. The changes of urban society are analyzed in the context of "day X" when gunmen attacked the shopping mall in Nairobi.


Drought is one of the most important abiotic stress factors and depending on the season it can seriously limit wheat production. Breeding for drought tolerance is becoming a more and more important challenge in case of crop plants, notably in wheat. The breeding proc- ess includes the characterization of the basic breeding materials in aspect of performance under well-watered and drought stressed conditions. In our experiments we set up a complex stress diagnostic system in the greenhouse of the Cereal Research Non-profit Company where we could analyze the responses of different winter and spring wheat cultivars to drought. Wheat plants were grown under ideal water regime (watering to 60% of the 100% soil water capacity) and under drought stress conditions (watering to 20% of the 100% soil water capacity). The effect of water withholding on plant growing was tracked by a digital imaging system on the basis of number of plant pixels. After harvesting, plant heights, spike lengths, grain numbers and total grain weights were measured and values of well-watered and stressed plants were compared. Here the measured parameters of two drought tolerant (Sardari, GK 11-05) and two drought sensitive (Kartner Fruh, Jing 411) wheat genotypes are presented to prove the competence of our system in characterizing drought tolerance of wheat plants.


Abstract Investigations of sentence processing were carried out using two patients with impairments in comprehending and producing sentences. The deficits observed were interpreted as resulting from impairments to the procedures which map thematic relations in sentence comprehension and production (Schwartz, Linebarger, & Saffran, 1985). Therapy for these mapping disorders was carried out, and as a result of the treatment, improvements were measured in sentence comprehension and production for both patients, despite the fact that they had both been aphasic for at least five years prior to this therapy. The improvement observed was specific to tasks in which mapping of thematic relations is crucial. Impairments in carrying out tasks unrelated to the mapping procedure were not improved by the mapping therapy. Furthermore, therapy was then applied for one of the patients to an untreated function which then improved, suggesting that all the improvements measured were specific effects of the treatment applied....


The self-propelled artillery is one of the weapons with high mobility and very effective in supporting infantry to master battlefields. It is equipped with a radar to capture targets and control weapons to destroy targets. Normaly, the cabin of the vehicle is too small, therefore the commander cannot monitor the crew's actions to improve the effectiveness of the practical training. In this paper, the authors have conducted a research on pseudo-signal generation for self-propelled artillery radars then transmitting them to computers as a basis step for the improving research and training systems. To carry out the above research, the authors conducted a practical survey of signal parameters on the real equipment then combined them with the technical documents to analyze and select signals to be transmitted to the experiment computer. Study about methods for simulating the pseudo-signal generation of targets, signal transceiver and display technology on self-propelled artillery radar screen through programming of the STM32-F411 microcontroller and the application of Lora technology (Long Range Radio) to transmit and receive signals. The research results through hard and software experiments have shown as a basis step for evaluating the effectiveness of the design.


Polyimide precursors were successfully polymerized from trans-1,4-cyclohexanediamine (CHDA) with pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) and 1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride (CBDA) under very limited conditions: at controlled extents of silylation for CHDA in a mixed solvent containing hexamethylphosphoramide (HMPA). Flexible and transparent polyimide films were obtained upon thermal imidization of the precursor films on a substrate after residual solvent extraction from the precursor films by using adequate alcohols. Semi-aromatic PMDA/CHDA polyimide film displayed a considerably lower linear coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE = 9.6 ppm K—1) and a relatively low dielectric constant (2.92). On the other hand, wholly cycloaliphatic CBDA/CHDA film attained a low CTE (26 ppm K—1) and a considerably lower dielectric constant (2.66), simultaneously. Factors influencing the imidization-induced in-plane orientation, namely, effect of the steric structures of cycloaliphatic units are discussed in comparison with polyimides from hydrogenated PMDA (1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride).


The effect of pressure up to 1.1 GPa on the rates of decomposition of two acidic nitroalkanes, nitromethane and 2-nitropropane, was measured. The mechanisms of thermolysis are inferred from kinetic studies and product analysis. The rate-controlling step for nitromethane decomposition in toluene at 230 °C at low pressures is homolysis of the C−N bond. Beyond 20% conversion, the decomposition is autocatalytic. At high pressure, nitromethane has another reaction path which supplants homolysis. It is proposed that nitromethane forms an intermediate by cyclization of its aci-form. The high-pressure process is characterized by a first-order rate law without primary kinetic isotope effect, a low activation energy (28.5 kcal/mol), a negative activation volume (−5.5 mL/mol), and formation of products which cannot be attributed to radical intermediates. At high conversion, the reaction becomes autocatalytic as a result of accumulation of water leading to formation of products explainable by the Nef reaction. 2-Nitr...


There is said to be a "new paradigm in business" proposing that business has far broader social and environmental responsibilities than simply making profits for shareholders. This paper examines the concept of corporate responsibility to see how far Australian business has moved towards the new paradigm. Fifty-four different stakeholders from one large business were interviewed about the meaning of corporate responsibility. Most acknowledged that business has a responsibility beyond simply making profits, however, profit remained the primary motivation in moves towards corporate citizenship, community involvement and social responsibility.


The current paper present some reflections about the form on has been transforming the concept of life cycle from linearity stages, making his way to a renew...


Background: Allergic rhinitis is a common chronic ENT condition which affects the quality of life and causes poor performance in school and at work. Since allergic rhinitis has no single gold standard test, nasal smear eosinophilia and blood absolute eosinophil count could serve as an aid in diagnosis of this chronic disorder. Objective: To analyze the correlation between blood absolute eosinophil count and nasal smear eosinophilia with clinical score severity in Allergic rhinitis patients. Material and Methods: Patients aged between 15 and 60 years with a clinical diagnosis of allergic rhinitis were enrolled after obtaining informed written consent. Clinical data recorded and all patients underwent blood investigation for blood absolute eosinophil count and nasal smear for eosinophil count. Results: The clinical severity had a strong positive correlation with nasal smear eosinophil count (p value 0.001) when compared with that of blood absolute eosinophil count (p value 0.062). Conclusion: Nasal smear cytology for eosinophils serves as a simple, rapid, semi-invasive investigation for allergic rhinitis diagnosis and can be implemented routinely in regular day to day practice.


This exploratory paper examines the relationship between the number of National Board Certified teachers (NBCTs) in a mid-western state in the US and student achievement, as measured by End of Instruction exam scores in three secondary subject areas. Using state-wide data obtained from the state's Department of Education we found that the number of NBCTs in high schools is positively and significantly correlated to student achievement as measured by state required End-Of-Instruction exams (EOIs), in Biology I, Reading, and Mathematics. This correlation varies when the data is disaggregated according to the campuses' locale, size, and Title I status. Further analysis showed this relationship may be independent of other factors, and in fact number of NBCTs can be considered a predictor of EOI scores in most cases. The results suggest that districts and states that encourage and reward teachers who pursue national board certification receive a return on their financial investment in terms of increased student achievement as measured by end of instruction exams.


Assimilation efficiency of gross energy (±SD) in juvenile and adult grey seals fed Atlantic herring was 92.6 ± 2.1%. Metabolizable energy (ME) was 82.7 ± 4.8% of gross energy intake. Faecal energy ...


Previous research has proven that 10% platelet-rich plasma (PRP) can enhance growth and differentiation of human adipose derived stem cells (hADSC) grown on silk fibroin scaffold into chondrocytes. A low oxygen concentration (hypoxia) condition is an important factor that potentially affects the ability of hADSC to grow and differentiate. The objective of this research was to analyze the difference in growth and differentiation capacity of hADSC grown on salt leached silk fibroin scaffold supplemented by 10% PRP under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. The growth capacity of the hADSC was determined by MTT assay and differentiation was tested using glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content analysis, while chondrocyte markers were visualized with the immunocytochemistry (ICC) method. This research observed hADSC proliferation under normoxic and hypoxic conditions for 21 days. Visualization of type 2 collagen showed that it was more abundant under hypoxia compared to normoxia.  HIF-1α was only detected in the hADSC cultured in hypoxic conditions. In conclusion, culture under hypoxic conditions increases the capacity of hADSC to grow and differentiate into chondrocytes. This is the first study that has shown that hypoxia is able to enhance the proliferation and differentiation of hADSC grown on 3D salt leached silk fibroin scaffold supplemented by 10% PRP.


Announcing his bid for the US presidency, Donald Trump caused outrage by claiming that undocumented migration from Mexico to the US showed that America had 'become a dumping ground for everyone else's problems'. Trump began his typically bombastic speech by declaring that the Mexican government was 'sending people that have lots of problems ... they're bringing drugs, they're bringing crime. They're rapists.' However, Trump's framing of undocumented migrants turning America in a 'dumping ground', whilst shocking, can be clearly situated within a persistent strain of rhetoric in mainstream American culture and media that uses imagery of pollution and toxic waste to depict Mexican immigration. In this essay, I want to show how such rhetoric and imagery survives in popular American culture and literature as part of a sublimated discourse that adopts and adapts the terminology, imagery and conventions of genres such as travel or nature writing in order to convey a message which implicitly frames the immigrant (and particularly the Hispanic immigrant into America) as a form of pollution. As a case study of this process, I will analyse some previously under-researched articles by American nature and travel writer, Edward Abbey. Abbey (1927-1989) was a prolific novelist and essayist, whose articles appeared in a wide range of periodicals. Perhaps best known for his classic 1975 novel of eco-sabotage, The Monkey Wrench Gang, Abbey was a larger-than-life figure who railed against both multinational companies despoiling the wilderness and what he saw as an intrusive and often venal government. In recent years there has been a marked resurgence of interest in Abbey and his writing, as indicated by books such as Sean Prentiss's Finding Abbey: The Search for Edward Abbey and his Hidden Desert Grave (2015), David Gessner's All the Wild That Remains: Edward Abbey, Wallace Stegner and the American West (2015) and a number of articles in outlets such as Salon, Earth Island Journal ̧ Orion Magazine and Counterpunch. Indeed, it is safe to say that interest in Abbey's legacy as a writer has never been higher. This resurgence of interest in Abbey has posed the problem of how to defuse and de-toxify his well-known outbursts on immigrants and people of colour. Typically, this has been achieved by referring his reactionary outbursts to his love for the environment, a manoeuvre which involves some frankly unedifying ideological contortions in arguing that, firstly, Abbey's xenophobia was an anomaly which did not affect his writing as a whole, and that, secondly and consequently, we should effectively overlook his xenophobia and celebrate his importance as an environmental icon for the progressive movement in America. For instance, Louis Proyect, writing in the alternative left newsletter Counterpunch (2015) takes on the task of trying to reconcile Abbey's more problematic positions with a 'Marxist vision of progress'. Typically, he


We explore the highly non-perturbative hot region of the QCD phase diagram
close to Tc by use of an imaginary chemical potential mu which avoids the sign
problem. The number density and the quark number susceptibility are consistent
with a critical behaviour associated with the transition line in the negative
mu^2 half-plane. We compare the analytic continuation of these results with
various phenomenological models, none of which provides a satisfactory
description of data, a failure on which we make some comments. These results
complement and extend the information obtained via the analysis of the
susceptibilities evaluated at zero mu, yielding a simple description of the
candidate strongly interacting QGP phase. As a byproduct of our analysis we
investigate the Polyakov loop and its hermitian conjugate. Our data offer a
vivid evidence of the importance of the complex nature of the functional
integral measure, which results in L (mu) ne \bar L(mu) for a real chemical
potential.


Estimation of worker exposure to noise is a necessary component of a comprehensive hearing conservation program or hearing loss prevention program. Exposure estimates can be developed either by (1) using dosimeter techniques, where the subject worker wears a monitoring instrument throughout part or all of a work shift and the resultant single number exposure estimate is assumed to be representative of the workers long-term risk of exposure, or (2) applying a task-based exposure assessment model to identify worker tasks and related sound exposure levels, which are then collated and compiled to portray a typical day for exposure risk assessment purposes. Sound exposure profiling is an organizationally structured application of the task-based procedure and can be a reliable and verifiable methodology to estimate worker sound exposure that allow optimum use of the data collected in the field. This article describes sound exposure profiling and discusses its utility, application, and limitations.


With the development of computer technology, casting simulation plays an increasingly important role in foundry production. VOF (Volume of Fluid) method which tracks free surfaces is widely used in casting simulation because it is simple to solve and easy to achieve. However, in the last stage of mold filling process, the solution speed of VOF method is very slow because the space to fill becomes smaller. To solve this problem, interpolation formula is applied to the calculation of temperature field and an interpolation method to calculate the last part of temperature field in mold filling process is presented in this paper. The solution is to calculate temperature field of unfilled grids based on the temperature filed of filled grids at the last stage of filling process. Comparison between the results of interpolation method and theoretical calculation illustrates the rationality of the interpolation temperature field in this paper. Numerical simulations of actual castings indicate that the interpolation method can greatly improve the speed of getting temperature field under a certain accuracy. This paper has important implications to the calculation of numerical simulation in mold filling process.


Representing spatio-temporal events using pictures or schematic representations is a difficult challenge, since static representations are meant to convey dynamic processes. A case in point is the representation of battles, for which historians have devised schematic maps using various conventions. More recently, in the field of geography, the language of choremes has been introduced for the representation of geographical change. This paper describes work in progress on the automatic pictorial representation of events extracted from natural language texts. The general purpose of the research consists in generating schematic visual pictures of spatio-temporal processes described in natural language texts. The application currently under development generates schematic representations, based on choremes, of the events described in a short excerpt from Caesar's " Gallic War " as a testbed.


5G mobile communication systems are guaranteed to provide a major upgrade on the preceding technologies in terms of connectivity, mobility, speed and latency. They will enable automation in several industries and vertical markets by offering a variety of services and business models. 5G has brought about many changes with respect to scheduling concerning the E-UTRAN (Evolved-Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network). The objective of this paper is twofold. First, a review of the 5G network architecture, scheduling mechanism and some existing scheduling algorithms is provided including some new features introduced by 5G concerning scheduling. Secondly, emerging scheduling techniques are examined and directions for future works and possible enhancements are proposed.


SOCIOLOGY: AN INTRODUCTION What is Sociology? Sociological Perspectives and their Application to Pharmacy Summary Further Reading References CONTEMPORARY PRACTICE OF PHARMACY Introduction The Pharmacy Workshop Hospital Pharmacy Community Pharmacy Dispensing of Prescribed Medication The Rationalization and De-Skilling of Pharmacy Pharmacists' Activities not Directly Related to Dispensing Summary Further Reading References HEALTH AND ILLNESS - UNDERSTANDING THE PUBLIC'S PERSPECTIVE Introduction Illness as a Social Concept The Experience of Chronic Illness Lay Knowledge and Beleifs about Illness and Health Summary Further Reading References SEEKING HELP AND CONSULTING HEALTH PROFESSIONALS Introduction Consultation as a Social Process Lay Referral Systems Lay Health Care Workers The Sick Role Relationships between Patients and Health Care Professionals Consulting a General Practitioner Consulting a Pharmacist Summary Further Reading References SOCIAL FACTORS AND HEALTH Introduction Measuring Health Perspectives on Health and Disease The McKeown Thesis Latrogenesis and Medicine The Commodification of Medicine and Health The Limits of Technology Effectiveness and Efficiency of Treatment Summary Further Reading References SOCIAL INEQUALITIES AND HEALTH Introduction Gender and Health Ethnicity and Health Social Class and Health Psycho-Social Circumstances and Health Summary Further Reading References THE OCCUPATIONAL STATUS OF PHARMACY Introduction Sociological Approaches to Professionalization Sociological Perspectives on Pharmacy Summary Further Reading References MAINTAINING AND PROMOTING HEALTH Introduction Health Policy and Health Promotion Preventing Ill-Health Health Education Health Promotion Pharmacy and Health Promotion From Compliance to Concordance Pharmacy-Based Health Promotion Summary Further Reading References Social Research Methods Introduction The Experimental Method Methods of Social Analysis Sampling Strategies Quantitative Research Methods Qualitative Research Methods Making Sense of Research Evidence Summary Further Reading References


A wind direction frequency weighted(WDFW) method based upon the atmosphere wind direction frequency characteristics,combining with solving the 3D Navier-Stokes equations,the mass and heat transfer equations as well as the standard k-e turbulence models was proposed to model the local airflow and the dispersion of vehicular exhausted plume under real atmospheric conditions.The numerical results were compared and validated with the measured concentration and a good agreement was achieved.It is shown that the pollutant concentration is decreased rapidly with the distance from the tailpipe in a range of 1~4m behind the tailpipe and the dispersion charactersitics are mainly controlled by the exhaust flow rate and plume concentration,whilst those in a far region from the tailpipe exit are influenced by the ambient air and local weather conditions.However,the concentration still has high level at a height close to the breathing region along the tailpipe axis.


A financial affairs local area network is introduced which can make the financial affairs management more efficient and more accurate. The local area network is based on the Windows NT. It is also discussed how to install and set up the local area network.


Phi-3-T is a Bacillus subtifis temperate bacteriophage, isolated by Tucker (11) from the soil. Tucker has shown that infection by this phage causes, by lysogenic conversion of thyB. subtifis clones, prototrophy. The phage carries genetic information specifying the thymidylate synthetase activity, the thyP gene. Recently, we have reported purification of B. subtilis DNA segments achieved by EcoRI cleavage followed by gel electrophoresis (6). Since a still further purification can be achieved by cloning the segments (8), we have chosen to use that approach for the isolation of the rhyP gene of the Phi-3-T. We describe here the successful cloning of that gene on the Escherichia coli plasmid pSClO1 (3). The gene complements the thymine deficiency in E. coli, indicating its correct transcription and translation in this new host. The promoter of the gene is likely to be contained within the cloned segment. The hybrid plasmid transforms B. subtifis loo-fold less efficiently than the intact phage DNA. The excised segment, however, displays the same transforming activity (1,000 times less than the intact phage DNA) whether it comes from the phage or from the hybrid plasmid. B. subtifis clones transformed with the hybrid plasmid DNA do not contain detectable pSC 101 sequences, but do show sequences homologous to part of the Phi-3-T genome.


Female physicians started to earn up their deserved places as late 1970's in the historically male predominant Radiation Oncology community. The first female physician emerging as a leading scientist in the Discipline of Radiation Oncology was Professor İbtisam Lale Atahan, who untimely passed away in 2007. This eulogy attempts to shine the light on her life, achivements and legacy.


The diffusion bonding (DB) method is used in this investigation to connect high-temperature dissimilar materials. The existence of difficult-to-remove oxide coatings on the titanium surfaces, as well as the arrangement of breakable metallic interlayers and oxide enclosures inside the bond region, provides the most significant challenges during the transition from AISI304 to Ti-6Al-4V alloying. In addition, an effort was made to advance DB processing maps for the operational connection of Ti-6Al-4V to AISI304 alloys to improve their performance. Joints had been created by combining several process factors, such as bonding temperature (T), bonding pressure (P), and holding time (t), to create diverse designs. Based on the findings, database processing maps were created. This set of processing maps may be used as a rough guideline for selecting appropriate DB process parameters for generating virtuous excellent bonds between Ti-6Al-4V and AISI304 alloys. The maximum lap shear strength (LSS) was achieved at 800°C, 15 MPa, and 45 min.


Objective To discuss the characteristics of medical dissension and significance of forensic autopsy.Methods Eigty-four forensic autopsy cases during the 2003-2008 years from Department of forensic medicine were analyzed.Results The incidence of medical dissension cases was rising annually,county-level hospital counted the majority of the complaints,followed by private clinics and the municipal hospital;Most of medical dissension happened in department of operation,mainly in the surgical department and the obstetrics and gynecology department;The main reasons of the complaints were wrong diagnosis,wrong treatment and medical ethics,and the proportion was 59.6% in the complaints;Only 32% of 84 medical dissension cases constitute medical incident,and in 41 cases which did not constitute medical incident,cardiovascular diseases and the hard to avoid complications were the main cause of death,together accounted for 70.8%.Conclusions After medical dissension involving fatalities occurred,timely autopsy was one of the effective ways to settle medical dissension.


A NEED EXISTS FOR SOIL TREATMENT MATERIALS CAPABLE OF IMPROVING SOILS BY PROVIDING STRENGTH, BY WATERPROOFING, AND BY ALLEVIATING DUST IN SUPPORT OF MILITARY ROAD AND AIRFIELD OPERATIONS. FIELD AND LABORATORY INVESTIGATIONS WERE CONDUCTED ON A PROPRIETARY MATERIAL (PRODUCT A) TO DETERMINE ITS POTENTIAL FOR USE AS A SOIL STABILIZER FOR MILITARY PURPOSES AND ITS EFFECTIVENESS IN PRETREATING SOIL TO IMPROVE PENETRATION OF DUST-CONTROL MATERIALS, E.G. ASPHALTIC PENETRATIVE SOIL BINDER (APSB). TWO TEST SECTIONS, ONE UNTREATED AND ONE TREATED WITH PRODUCT A, WERE CONSTRUCTED IN AN OPEN AREA AND TRAFFICKED WITH A MILITARY VEHICLE AND A TEST LOAD CART. MEASUREMENTS AND OBSERVATIONS MADE DURING CONSTRUCTION AND TRAFFIC TESTING SHOWED NO SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE TREATED AND UNTREATED SECTIONS WITH RESPECT TO STRENGTH AND ABILITY TO SUPPORT TRAFFIC UNDER EITHER WET OR DRY CONDITIONS. FOR THE PENETRATION TESTS, AN OPEN AREA WAS BLADED TO REMOVE ALL VEGETATION. HALF OF THIS BLADED AREA WAS PRETREATED WITH PRODUCT A, AND THEN APSB WAS APPLIED; THE OTHER HALF OF THE AREA RECIEVED ONLY AN APPLICATION OF THE APSB. TEST RESULTS INDICATED THAT THE DEPTH OF PENETRATION OF THE APSB WAS NOT AFFECTED APPRECIABLY BY PRETREATMENT OF THE SOIL SURFACE WITH PRODUCT A. LABORATORY TESTS ON REPRESENTATIVE SOIL SAMPLES OBTAINED FROM THE FIELD TEST SECTIONS INDICATED NO SIGNIFICANT ALTERATION OF WATER CONTENT OR ATTERBERG LIMITS AND ONLY A MINOR DECREASE IN PH VALUES FOR TREATED AREAS. IT WAS CONCLUDED THAT PRODUCT A HAS NO POTENTIAL FOR MILITARY SOIL STABILIZATION PURPOSES, AND IT IS RECOMMENDED THAT NO FURTHER TESTS OF THIS MATERIAL BE CONDUCTED. /AUTHOR/


Objective: To discuss the clinical effects of combined therapy of Bupleurum-Dark Plum Fruit decoction and western medicine in the treatment of neurasthenia.Methods:A total of 160 patients with neurasthenia admitted to our department from January 2009 to Nov.2009 were enrolled and divided into two groups randomly.The treatment group was treated with combined therapy of Bupleurum-Dark Plum Fruit decoction and western medicine,while the control group was treated with general western therapy.The therapeutic effects of two groups were compared and Neurosis Screening Schedule score value was adopted as the outcome measure.Results:After treatment,the Neurosis Screening Schedule score of the treatment group is significantly lower than that of the control group(t1=14.2800,P0.01).The total effective rate of the treatment group is 92.5%,significant better the 68.6% of the control group(χ2=41.9255,P0.01).Conclusions: The combined therapy of Bupleurum-Dark Plum Fruit decoction with western medicine has remarkable clinical effects in the treatment of neurasthenia and is worth of clinical application.


We deal with the systematics of one and two proton separation energies as predicted by our latest global model for the masses of nuclides developed with the use of neural networks. Among others, such systematics is useful as input to the astrophysical rp-process and to the one and two proton radioactive studies. Our results are compared with the experimental separation energies referred to in the 2003 Atomic Mass Evaluation and with those evaluated from theoretical models for the masses of nuclides, like the FRDM of Möller et al. and the HFB2 of Pearson et al. We focus in particular on the proton separation energies for nuclides that are involved in the rp-process (29


A case of fatal septicaemia caused by Vibrio cholerae which did not agglutinate with 0 group 1 V. cholerae antiserum is presented. The illness occurred in a 64‐year‐old Aboriginal woman from Aurukun Mission in Cape York. The organism was isolated from multiple blood cultures and urine during life, and from a large hepatic abscess found post mortem. The pathogenicity and epidemiology of this organism is discussed.


Manipulating the electrical properties of carbon nanotubes through semi-metal or semiconductor filling is of paramount importance in the realization of nano-electronic devices based on one dimensional composite materials. From low temperature electrical conductivity measurements of a network, of empty and filled double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWNT's), we report a transition in electrical transport features from hopping to weakly activated conduction by HgTe filling and also semi-metallic conduction in selenium (Se) filled DWNT's. Magneto-resistance (MR) studies of the filled DWNT's show suppression of the hopping conduction and a signature of 3D weak localization for Se@DWNT's at low temperatures and high magnetic fields. These results are discussed on the basis of strength of interaction between the filler material and the inner-walls of the host DWNT's, which enhances the electronic density of states (DOS) in the material as well as the change in the property of the filler material due to constrained e...


Internet is becoming a part of our lifestyle; however, the usage rate and application of the Internet are disparate in different parts of the world. In many emerging countries, the Internet is yet to penetrate ordinary households. The present study focuses on how IoT adoption impacts the banks' customer relationship management (CRM) in an emerging market context. Furthermore, the moderating roles of gender, age, and bank ownership type on the relationship between the adoption of IoT and CRM have also been tested. Cost, convenience, social context, and privacy were studied as the predicting variables of IoT adoption, while IoT adoption was investigated as the antecedent of CRM. The CRM variable has been operationalized as a second-order latent construct consisting of three first-order latent variables: responsiveness, satisfaction, and assurance. A cross-sectional, non-probability-based survey was conducted from 467 bank customers of three public and three private sector banks in Aligarh city of India. Two CFA models were run to ensure reliability, validity, and model fit. Hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling (SEM) on AMOS software, while PROCESS Macro v4.0 by Hayes (2009) was used to test the moderating effect of gender on the relationship between IoT adoption and CRM. The results indicate that cost, convenience, social context, and privacy are positively influencing IoT adoption, which in turn positively affects CRM. Gender and age were found to have a negative moderation effect on the path between IoT adoption and CRM, while bank ownership type positively moderated this link.


The paper argues that the standards for the qualifi cations and classif ication of the collection organization of sample geological data should be worked out from the aspects of engineering services,equipment,personnel,professional ability,and funds.In accordance with the construction practice,the paper has divided the collection organization into Class A,Class B and Class C,which roughly corresponds to the special grade,fi rst-grade and second grade of the archives.


Abstract : The first goal report for the project. We had previously determined that the NAT2 slow acetylator genotype and cigarette smoking is a risk factor for breast cancer. In this project, we evaluated the relationship of several genetic variants and breast cancer risk. MnSOD2 was a risk factor, that was increased by diets low in antioxidants. We did not find that NAT2 and meat consumption was a risk factor. Other genetic analyses are completed for MEH3, MEH4, CYP2D6, GSTMl, GST-T and CYP1A1. We have been validating a p53 mutational spectra detection technology using the Affymetrix gene chip array. This is going well and more than 300 blocks have been received for analysis, with another 200 to be delivered. The spectra in all these blocks will be completed with additional funding from the NCI Intramural program (about 100 tumors are completed to date). To corroborate the epidemiological data, 53 breast cell strains have been established and metabolism is being studied in relation to genotypes. Methodological conditions are being addressed. We are also developing a new carcinogen-DNA adduct methodology for use in breast tissues. The preliminary data for this was supported by this grant. We also have been studying smoking behavior and addiction, where, genetic polymorphisms in dopamine receptors and the dopamine transporter gene were addiction risk factors. This project resulted in 19 publications to date.


The invention discloses a cultivating method for ornamental lucid ganoderma.The method comprises the following steps of 1, preparing a culture medium; 2, cultivating strains; 3, performing bagging; 4, performing sterilization inoculation; 5, cultivating mycelium; 6, cultivating sporocarp; 7, performing post-treatment.According to the method, mushroom basswood is adopted as the culture medium, the lucid ganoderma strains are subjected to mother strain, stock culture and cultivated species culture by adopting a conventional edible mushroom strain cultivating method, and sporocarp modeling is controlled by changing morphology and conditions of color, temperature, water, gas and the like.Mushroom basswood is selected as the culture medium material, waste materials can be recycled, and the planting yield of lucid ganoderma can be greatly improved; the cultivated lucid ganoderma sporocarp is uniform and attractive in color after low-temperature vacuum treatment is performed, and can be stored for a longer time.


The conditions that the previous prosperity and the current lagging development in the northeast old industry base are caused by the government predominance. At present,in order to reconstruct the northeast old industry base under the market economy, First of all,we should resolve the problem of the orientation of the government function. Affording the advance cost of the state-owned enterprise reforms is the incumbent duty of the government. The core of the government is to supply public products and half public products. Giving some favorable policies in taxation、special funds、the market admittance and the financing is the embodiment of the government function.


The electrocardiographical and echocardiographical alterations produced by intraruminal administration of Mascagnia rigida griseb. (Malpighiaceae) in sheep were studied. Fifteen male Santa Ines sheep were randomly allotted to three groups: G1 - animals only received water (control); G2 - animals were treated with M. rigida, 20g/kg/day, for three days; and G3 - animals were treated with M. rigida, 20g/kg/day, for seven days. All treatments were administered by an orogastric tube. M. rigida administration produced increase in heart rate during rest and exercise, and decreased in fractional ejection, and fractional shortening.


Humour is what makes us laugh. There are two very different kinds of humour: one producing comedy, the other producing satire. Comic humour presents the absurdity of life without judgement, whereas satiric humour is directed to attacking the follies or vices of mankind. Humour works chiefly by stressing the contrast between the ideal and the real. It has produced some of the finest works of art in English literature.


The invention discloses a ZDZ-type biaxial automatic negative pressure slag discharge device and a control system thereof. The ZDZ-type biaxial automatic negative pressure slag discharge device comprises a travelling mechanism, a vacuum cabin, a slag suction pipe and a vacuum pump, wherein the travelling mechanism is arranged at the lower end of the vacuum cabin; the vacuum pump for vacuum supply is arranged at the upper end of the vacuum cabin; the slag suction pipe is communicated with the upper end part of the vacuum cabin; a check valve is arranged at the communicated part of the slag suction pipe and the vacuum cabin; a slag discharge pipe is communicated with the lower end part of the vacuum cabin; an automatic valve is arranged at an opening of the slag discharge pipe; an air pressure relay for controlling the valve is arranged on the outer wall of the vacuum cabin; one section of the middle position of the slag suction pipe is in soft connection; a mechanical arm is arranged on the vacuum cabin; a lifting fan-shaped tooth is arranged at the rear end of the mechanical arm; and the rear end of the lifting fan-shaped tooth is connected with a cycloidal gear motor. Through an opening of the slag suction pipe, liquid level scummings of a steel ladle can be absorbed by helical motion from the center to the periphery; the slag suction flow can be rapidly finished by a uniform slag suction process; and meanwhile, an air inlet system is also arranged on the vacuum cabin, and the vacuum cabin can be pressurized after the slag is absorbed, so that the slag can be rapidly discharged thoroughly.


Drawing on literature on judgment and decision-making, we examine the proposition that price serves two distinct roles in consumers' value judgments. First, as a product attribtute, price affects the perceived similarity of the target product to the mental prototype of a higher or lower quality product. However, price is not the only attribute used to make similarity based quality judgments. Other relevant and available product attributes moderate the effect of price on quality judgments. Second, as a measure of sacrifice, price serves as the benchmark for comparing utility gains from superior product quality. However, this comparison process is dynamic because the relative importance of money and product quality changes across consumption occasions. We present a signal detection model of consumer's price-value judgment to explain how high prices simultaneously increase as well as decrease purchase intentions. We describe how managers can use this model of value judgment to identify situations when higher price may increase demand. Disciplines Advertising and Promotion Management | Behavioral Economics | Business | Business Administration, Management, and Operations | Business Analytics | Business Intelligence | Marketing | Organizational Behavior and Theory | Sales and Merchandising Comments This is an unpublished manuscript. This working paper is available at ScholarlyCommons: https://repository.upenn.edu/marketing_papers/331


In order to lower unemployment, the French government decided in 1998 to reduce the working time to 35 hours a week for full time workers. This measure made the firms change their choices with respect to employment, labour duration and organisation, and production. This article evaluates ex post effects of these different choices on firms performance. A more than 100, 000 firms sample built from different datasets has therefore been designed. Firms' decision to shift to 35 hours is not the result of a random process. Effects related to the measure and to own firms growth caracteristics have therefore to be distinguished when considering firms performance evolution. The non parametric method to correct for selection bias allows it. Econometric results stress on the fact that the shift to 35 hours led to a significant employment increase of at least 5 points, without worsening firms economic situation as expected from many ex ante theoretical points of view.


Abstract African monodominant forests are frequently formed by Gilbertiodendron dewevrei (De Wild.) J. Leonard and commonly found close to mixed forests. However, previous studies have ignored differences between these two forest types in height–diameter allometry, which is extremely important for aboveground biomass (AGB) estimates. This study aims to evaluate the performance of height–diameter models and their effects on height attributes and AGB estimations in African monodominant and mixed forests. Four 1-ha plots divided in 16 subplots (0.25 ha) were installed in each forest type in northern Republic of Congo. We measured diameter of all trees ≥ 10 cm diameter for each subplot and we measured the height of 264 trees over a large range of 7–64 m in two forest types. There was a significant difference in height–diameter allometry between two forest types and trees were taller and had greater AGB in monodominant forests than in mixed forests. Two height–diameter models from the literature generated the lowest error values when predicting tree height and AGB in mixed forests, whereas no model derived from the literature was appropriate for monodominant forests. The variation in height–diameter allometry between monodominant and mixed forests influences AGB estimates that have practical implications for carbon monitoring.


This paper addresses a problem of false positive detection filtering in surveillance video streams. We propose two methods. The first one is based on automatic hard negative mining from a video stream, which is then used for fine-tuning of the baseline detector. The second one is the detector output filtering by analyzing the frequency of detection of visually similar samples. We demonstrate the proposed methods on cascade-based detectors, but they can be applied to any detector that can be trained in a reasonable amount of time. Experimental results show that the proposed methods improve both the precision and recall rate, as well as reducing the computational time by 47%.


The addition of silver to the bath of molten zinc in the hot-dip galvanisation process, affects the morphology and the microstructure of the resulted coatings on the surface of the given steel. The effectiveness of the obtained coatings was controlled by physical and chemical parameters of technical procedure: 1 bath temperature 2 immersion time 3 withdrawal speed 4 addition of silver. Our results showed that there is a serious opportunity to optimise the galvanising process at a minimum thickness playing on the physical parameters and silver addition. It was found that galvanisation of reactive steel with molten zinc and silver produces coatings having four phases (Gamma, Delta, zeta and eta) and characterised by: bright and smooth surface with numerous visible, and small sized spangles.


This article proposes an analytical model of implementation that is used to examine the implementation of the European Union's cultural heritage policy in Bulgaria. It begins by outlining a rational choice framework conceptualizing implementation as a three‐stage game with key roles for an enforcer, domestic policy‐makers and implementing actors. This model is then applied to the case of transposition and implementation of the EU rules regarding cultural heritage in Bulgaria. Different implementation outcomes stemming from one and the same formal policy are found. To explain the variation of implementation outcomes, the theorized model is applied and it is found that, given the high levels of polarization between political decision‐makers, the implementing actors have broad discretion to apply different informal policies. The analysis of implementation also shows that under these conditions implementing players have followed their normative orientations to apply different policies as if they live in parallel universes of implementation.


There is strong agreement about the need for effective ethics education in engineering academic programs, but students who graduate with a bachelor's degree in engineering continue to be unprepared to face the ethical dilemmas of professional engineering. This study uses qualitative data collected at 18 diverse institutions and employs the Transmission Model of Communication to examine ethics education. We investigate the ways that communication channels and noise contribute to discrepancies in the goals and perceptions of faculty and staff and the experiences of students in regards to curricular ethics education. We present data that shows that faculty and administrators consider a balance between the knowledge of ethics, ethical reasoning, and ethical behavior to be important, while students report experiencing ethics education that focuses almost solely on knowledge. The paper uses this discrepancy as an illustration to demonstrate the way the model can be used to identify factors that contribute to these differing perceptions. Our work provides support for the use of the model for understanding ethics education. Implications for educators are presented.


In the chemical industry, process intensification is needed to meet important goals such as sustainable and eco-friendly processes. For esterification reaction the "produce more with less pollution" objective can be achieved by coupling reaction and separation in a so called integrated process. In this work a model for describing the esterification reaction of ethyl acetate in pervaporation membrane reactor using amberlyst 15 as a heterogeneous catalyst and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane, was developed. This earth-friendly method with low pollution and high yield is an alternative to hazardous methods because using pervaporation membrane reactor reduces both waste and energy consumption. The validity of the model was tested by comparing the calculated results with experimental data reported in the literature. It was shown rate of conversion increased by removing ethyl acetate from the reaction mixture. A parametric study was carried out to evaluate the effects of operating conditions on the performance of the pervaporation membrane reactor. Conversion increased by increasing the temperature, molar ratios of reactants and catalyst concentration.


Author(s): Frankel, Susan J; Alexander, Janice M; Benner, Diana; Shor, Alisa | Abstract: Growers, regulators and native plant restoration experts are together trying to reduce the spread of more than 25 new Phytophthora taxa.


populations. The authors are commended for honoring culture via research design. Chapter 10, "Empirical Status of Culturally Competent Practices," integrates research with practice and offers useful information related to the implementation of prevention and interventions. Similarly, Chapters 11, "Adolescents," 12, "Women and Families," and 13, "Older Adults," offer specific recommendations for direct practice. Finally, Part IV focuses on addiction and social policy. Macro issues range from marketing and regulation theory to harm reduction and social welfare. The authors skillfully present a range of systems and make content applicable for social workers in direct practice. The volume presents a broad range of practice modalities across an equally broad range of settings, but authors run the risk of seeming too global. Certain chapters wander away from the practice of addictions to more general practice contexts. Editors might have chosen to include more specific content. For example, readers might wish for greater detail associated with drug class, typology, and associated physiological characteristics of the user. Readers might also take issue with what will likely be a dated discussion of DSM–IV–TR criteria. A major limitation of the text is the lack of discussion surrounding pharmacotherapies for addiction treatment. Although social workers are not prescribing medication, they are no doubt helping clients manage the biopsychosocial side effects and addressing medication management issues. Ultimately, the text presents an overview of addictions across systems. The reader for whom the text is most appropriate will be found in the MSW classroom. In the text, students will find a useful and broad foundation for a more targeted social work practice in the addictions.


In order to improve the computational efficiency of the response surface method (RSM) in analysis of structural reliability, a full-space response surface method (FRSM) is presented in this paper. ...


This paper provides some experimental investigation on the influence of the surface roughness on the flashover performance of ceramics in vacuum. The test samples were prepared with four kinds of ceramics (99.9% Alumina) which were polished by four different SiC abrasives. The flashover performances of 20 kinds of test samples have been tested with an impulse voltage in vacuum. According to the experimental results, it was found that the roughness of the test sample was quite different among different ceramics although the same grinding procedure was used with the same abrasive. It was also found that the flashover performance was influenced by the surface roughness, and there is a trend that the samples with a lower surface roughness have a higher breakdown voltage.


An electric assembly device for tightening of fastener includes a housing and a rotation. motor which is drivingly connected to an output shaft. The output shaft has a forward portion extending out of the housing, and is adapted to carry a coupling device for releasable coupling with a fastener during tightening, which is to be performed along a first rotation axis. The device is adapted to determine an angular displacement of the housing with respect to the first rotation axis during tightening of the fastener, and to control the rotation speed of the motor during tightening based on the determined angular displacement of the housing.


The cultivation technology elements of hulless barley were studied at the experimental field of the Omsk State Agrarian University, including 3 chemicalization backgrounds: without chemicalization, with herbicides (Puma Super 7.5 + Sekator Turbo) and with herbicides + fertilizers (ammonium nitrate N60); 3 sowing dates: May 14th-18th, May 25th-28th, June 4th-6th; 3 seeding rates: 3.5, 4.5 and 5.5 million germinating grains per hectare. On backgrounds with no fertilizers, the field germination rate of the crop averaged 68.6% and 68.9%; it decreased to 68% at a fertilized background. Minimum germination rates were when sowing was on May 25th-28th; maximum – when sowing was on June 4th-6th. When there is an increase in the seeding rate, the field germination decreases. The ratio of weeds in the control variants averaged 25.4%, herbicides reduced the weed ratio to 3.9 – 8.2%; the effectiveness of herbicides at a fertilized background was lower. The weed ratio decreased from the early to later sowing dates and as the seeding rate increased. In plots without chemicalization, the weight of one weed plant was 1.80 g, in variants with herbicidal treatment – 1.91-1.92 g. It reached its maximum value on crops that were sowed at the third decade of May. The weight of one cultivated plant at a background without chemicalization was 3.89 g, at a background with herbicides – 4.44 g, at a background with fertilizers and herbicides – 5.03 g; an increase in the seeding rate led to a decrease in the weight. In control variants, an average of 42.9% of barley plants survived; 51.0% – with the use of herbicides; 49.0% – with fertilizers and herbicides. As the seeding rate increased, the viability was reduced. Thus, the optimal conditions for the development of barley plants in agrophytocenosis were formed at the background of the use of nitrogen fertilizer (N60) and spraying of crops with a mixture of herbicides Puma Super 7.5, oil-water dispersion and Sekator Turbo, oil dispersion. Keywords—hulless barley, agrophytocenosis, weed ratio, field germination, viability, technology elements.


The main objective of researches estimation of orientation efficiency of the training process in anual cycle of training and definition of its influence on the level of biathlonists` readiness of each of four presented directions by means of retrospective modeling pedagogical experiment.


The comparison of scanpaths between multiple participants is an important analysis task in eye tracking research. Established methods typically inspect recorded gaze sequences based on geometrical trajectory properties or strings derived from annotated areas of interest (AOIs). We propose a new approach based on image similarities of gaze-guided slit-scans: For each time step, a vertical slice is extracted from the stimulus at the gaze position. Placing the slices next to each other over time creates a compact representation of a scanpath in the context of the stimulus. These visual representations can be compared based on their image similarity, providing a new measure for scanpath comparison without the need for annotation. We demonstrate how comparative slit-scan visualization can be integrated into a visual analytics approach to support the interpretation of scanpath similarities in general.


This research sought to find out the influence of appropriate physical resources on retention of pupils with disabilities in mainstreamed Primary Schools in Bomet County, Kenya. The challenge this study sought to address was low retention of Pupils with Disabilities (PWDs) in mainstreamed schools. This study was embedded in Systems Theory by Von Bertalanffy (1968). It adopted a survey research design. The target population was 840 teachers. Yamane formula was employed to get a sample size of 271 teachers. Multi-stage sampling procedure was applied. The findings of the study revealed that appropriate physical resources significantly influenced the retention of PWDs by = 19.2% (p<0.05). The study also reports a positive and statistically significant relationship between physical resources and retention of pupils with disabilities (r = 0.828, p<0.05). The study concludes that the supply of appropriate resources remains a major factor that promotes retention of pupils with disabilities. This means that when appropriate physical resources are provided to pupils with disabilities, their retention of pupils with disabilities in mainstreamed schools improve. However, a lack of these resources has been proven through the findings of this research that they cause drop out of PWDs from their schools. The study recommended that appropriate physical resources such as classrooms, toilets, dining halls, dormitories, laboratories and libraries in order to promote retention of pupils with disabilities be provided by school administrators.


Solid propellant is near incompressible because of its high Poisson ratio.It is difficult to analyze the structure with common finite element method for its low accuracy and efficiency.The paper develops a new type of viscoelastic incremental finite element method based on some incompressible and near incompressible viscoelastic constitutive relation.The innovative method needs less memory space and provides high precision.It is suitable for structural analysis of solid rocket propellant grains.


Title of Thesis: Cooperative Detection and Network Coding in Wireless Networks Mohammed W. Baidas, Master of Science, 2009 Thesis directed by: Professor K. J. Ray Liu Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering In cooperative communication systems, multiple terminals in wireless networks share their antennas and resources for information exchange and processing. Recently, cooperative communications have been shown to achieve significant performance improvements in terms of transmission reliability, coverage area extension, and network throughput, with respect to existing classical communication systems. This thesis is focused on two important applications of cooperative communications, namely: (i) cooperative distributed detection in wireless sensor networks, and (ii) many-to-many communications via cooperative space-time network coding. The first application of cooperative communications presented in this thesis is concerned with the analysis and modeling of the deployment of cooperative relay nodes in wireless sensor networks. Particularly, in dense wireless sensor networks, sensor nodes continuously observe and collect measurements of a physical phenomenon. Such observations can be highly correlated, depending on the spatial separation between the sensor nodes as well as how the physical properties of the phenomenon are evolving over time. This unique characteristic of wireless sensor networks can be effectively exploited with cooperative communications and relays deployment such that the distributed detection performance is significantly improved as well as the energy efficiency. In particular, this thesis studies the Amplify-and-Forward (AF) relays deployment as a function of the correlation of the observations and analyzes the achievable spatial diversity gains as compared with the classical wireless sensor networks. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the gains of cooperation can be further leveraged to alleviate bandwidth utilization inefficiencies in current sensor networks. Specifically, the deployment of cognitive AF cooperative relays to exploit empty/under-utilized time-slots and the resulting energy savings are studied, quantified and compared. The multiple terminal communication and information exchange form the second application of cooperative communications in this thesis. Specifically, the novel concept of Space-Time-Network Coding (STNC) that is concerned with formulation of the many-to-many cooperative communications over Decode-and-Forward (DF) nodes is studied and analyzed. Moreover, the exact theoretical analysis as well as upperbounds on the network symbol error rate performance are derived. In addition, the tradeoff between the number of communicating nodes and the timing synchronization errors is analyzed and provided as a network design guideline. With STNC, it is illustrated that cooperative diversity gains are fully exploited per node and significant performance improvements are achieved. It is concluded that the STNC scheme serves as a potential many-to-many cooperative communications scheme and that its scope goes much further beyond the generic source-relay-destination communications. Cooperative Detection and Network Coding in Wireless Networks by Mohammed W. Baidas Thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Maryland, College Park in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science 2009 Advisory Committee: Professor K. J. Ray Liu, Chairman Professor Min Wu Professor Adrian Papamarcou c © Copyright by Mohammed W. Baidas 2009


Granuloma is a typical feature of tuberculosis. We evaluated the chemotaxis of selected human leucocyte subsets induced by macrophages incubated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MT)‐derived products in vitro. The release of monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP‐1) and interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) correlated with the specific induction of strong chemotaxis towards monocytes and polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNs). γδ and T helper type 1 (Th1) αβ lymphocytes were chemoattracted, while T‐resting, IL‐2‐activated and Th2 lymphocytes were unaffected. Activation with mycobacterium‐derived, phosphate‐containing components, modulated the chemokine receptor profile of γδ T lymphocytes as well as their pattern of cyto‐chemokine production, disclosing a potential for their active participation in granuloma formation. In particular, CXCR3 and IP‐10, which we found to be released by MT‐pulsed alveolar macrophages, seem to represent the receptor–counter‐receptor pair implicated in the chemotaxis of γδ lymphocytes. Immunohistochemical analysis and in situ hybridization revealed the in vivo presence of IL‐8, MCP‐1 and IL‐10 in lymph node and lung tuberculous granulomas. Our results underscore the role of MT extracts in the induction of macrophage‐derived chemokines responsible for the orchestrated recruitment of PMNs, monocytes, and Th1 and γδ T cells, as well as in the regulation of γδ function.


A considerable and growing body of literature has engaged in a critical reading of the nature and substance of shifts in not only the business practices, but the conditions for the very raison d'ėtre or telic identifiability of universities under current strategic political arrangements. Moving beyond the practices of academic economy in the business of higher education that reduce the intellectual worker to academic labourer enduring multiple forms of alienation, the paper considers what kind of critical setting there may be for reimagining the university in non-nostalgic ways. While the paper takes its cues pre-eminently from the Australian Higher Education Provider sector, it draws on the overlapping political theorising particularly from the N. American critics Wendy Brown and Henry Giroux. From their critiques of neoliberalism, the paper argues that asking what universities are for does not fare well when higher education institutions are subjected to neoliberal rationality.


In the current globalized world characterized by advancements in technology, higher education institutions have a significant role to play by providing quality and relevant education. The provision of quality education relies on the governance of these institutions because effective governance is required to ensure that processes, practices, and roles are aligned toward achieving the intended objectives. Thus, this study examines the importance of professional governance in higher education and the way governance affects performance. The study employs a secondary research method in which data is collected from empirical studies. A qualitative research strategy based on an exploratory study design was adopted. Data were analyzed thematically and inductively based on the interpretive paradigm.The study findings reveal that good governance affects the performance of higher education institutions positively by leading to improved accountability, encouraging participatory processes, promoting inclusivity, and contributing to better resource management. It is recommended that higher education institutions improve their organizational culture before implementing effective governance practices.


The effect that advances in voice interface technologies have on privacy has not yet received the attention it deserves. Systems in which multiple devices collaborate to provide a unified user-interface amplify those worries about privacy. We discuss ethical implications of voice enabled devices on privacy in typical scenarios at home, office, in a car and in the public. From our findings, it follows that the reach of voice can be exploited as a feature to intuitively define the extent of privacy. In partic-ular, the acoustic reach of speech signals can serve as a feature for designing privacy-gentle voice user-interfaces which are intuitive to use. We argue that this approach poses reasonable technological requirements and establishes a natural experience of privacy which confirms intuitive perception.


During the direct contact of metal-to-metal, complex tribological wear processes occur. One of the most important and the most problematic phenomena leading to irreversible changes in the geometric structure of the surface is adhesion as a result of a local welding of the asperity peaks. It causes local damage to the surface of the cooperating components in the form of the adhesive cavities. The paper presents the results of the wear tests, the purpose of which was to determine the impact of the surface geometry structure on the process of the adhesive wear and the formation of the adhesive cavities under oscillatory motion. The tests were carried out on the T-05 tribotester based on the previously established research plan. The geometrical surface structure was measured in the area of wear and the photographs of the adhesive cavities were made on an optical microscope. The captured images of a worn surface correspond to the images of the cavities presented in the literature. The obtained research results are the basis for the further development of a future research plan in a similar scope.


Educating engineers to reason through the ethical decisions they encounter when developing or implementing new technologies is a critical challenge. However, engineering educators have not widely adopted a framework for preparing engineering students to analyze ethical issues.


A case of an abnormal loop of the vertebral artery compressing both the cervicomedullary junction and the accessory nerve is reported. The embryological development of the vertebrobasilar system may explain this anatomical anomaly. The possibility of an abnormal location of the vertebral artery may complicate the lateral C1-C2 puncture for myelography. Only five similar cases have been reported previously, but none of them presented any clinical symptomatology, and surgical treatment was never required. The present patient was cured by microvascular decompression. The pathogenetic and surgical implications are discussed in light of the literature.


A conceptual material design for magnetic tunneling junction cap layer realizing a steep NiFe∕AlOx interface is proposed. Tunnel magneto resistance stack of cap∕NiFe∕AlOx∕CoFe∕Ru∕CoFe∕PtMn∕Ta∕∕sub was prepared. Maximum magnetoresistance (MR) ratios of nonmagnetic-NiFeZr, Zr, Ta, Ru, and Rh caps at 0 V were 55%, 28%, 50%, 43%, and 42%, respectively. The decrease of MR ratio and the increase of resistance area product RA with Ru cap compared to Ta cap correlate with the partial oxidation of the NiFe∕AlOx interface occurring in additional postannealing, which was confirmed by focused-ion-beam–transmission-electron-microscope–energy-dispersive-x-ray-fluorescence observation. Since standard electrode potential is Ta<Fe<Ni<Ru, it is supposed that NiFe with Ru cap is positively charged, the NiFe∕AlOx interface is easily oxidized during annealing by negatively charged oxidizing species, and increase of RA and decrease of MR ratio occur. RA with Rh cap was even higher than that with Ru cap, consistent with the hig...


Multimodal learning has seen great success mining data features from multiple modalities with remarkable model performance improvement. Meanwhile, federated learning (FL) addresses the data sharing problem, enabling privacy-preserved collaborative training to provide sufficient precious data. Great potential, therefore, arises with the confluence of them, known as multimodal federated learning. However, limitation lies in the predominant approaches as they often assume that each local dataset records samples from all modalities. In this paper, we aim to bridge this gap by proposing an Unimodal Training - Multimodal Prediction (UTMP) framework under the context of multimodal federated learning. We design HA-Fedformer, a novel transformer-based model that empowers unimodal training with only a unimodal dataset at the client and multimodal testing by aggregating multiple clients' knowledge for better accuracy. The key advantages are twofold. Firstly, to alleviate the impact of data non-IID, we develop an uncertainty-aware aggregation method for the local encoders with layer-wise Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling. Secondly, to overcome the challenge of unaligned language sequence, we implement a cross-modal decoder aggregation to capture the hidden signal correlation between decoders trained by data from different modalities. Our experiments on popular sentiment analysis benchmarks, CMU-MOSI and CMU-MOSEI, demonstrate that HA-Fedformer significantly outperforms state-of-the-art multimodal models under the UTMP federated learning frameworks, with 15%-20% improvement on most attributes.


Using the agreement protection mechanism as the experimental material,this study observed the influence and its degree of this mechanism on society,ecology and economy of Mashan village,Li county,Aba autonomous prefecture of Sichuan from 2008 to 2010.The results indicate that the membership of comprehensive evaluation efficiency in each review class is 0.470 3,0.303 95,0.150 45,0.075 3,and all the four memberships fall into the scope of probability.According to the principle of maximum membership,the conclusion can be drawn that "agreement protection" has a positive impact on the promotion of ecological、economic and social development of the community in experimental area.


Recent trends indicate that more farmers will diversify their activities, leading to 'pluriactivity'. Farmers that develop their farming enterprise by building tourism businesses based upon the resources of the farm can be seen as farm entrepreneurs who are entering the service sector. Based on a representative statistical data set from a survey conducted in 2006, where 1677 farmers responded to a broad set of questions, this paper identifies the characteristics of farm-based tourism and farmers as tourism entrepreneurs. Furthermore, this paper explores the impact of the additional activities associated with farm-based tourism for both the farm economy and the work situation for the farm household. The data set presents a unique opportunity to combine sociocultural data with data on alternative farm economic activities in the form of tourism.


On August 8, 1793, five Justices of the United States Supreme Court refused to provide President Washington with the answer to one of the young republic's most important and politically charged questions (pp. 179-80).' With a stroke of their pen, these "most obedient and most h'ble Servants" (pp. 179-80)2 at once removed both themselves and the entire future federal judiciary from the role of providing formal advice to the rest of the government.3 In Most Humble Servants: The Advisor) Role of Early Judges, Stewart Jay explores the historical origins of the Justices' refusal to issue advisory opinions. In contrast to other scholars,4 Jay argues that the 1793 decision was directly influenced by the political climate and the ideological orientations of key political players at the time; it was not merely the logical evolution of constitutional structure or the simple acceptance of established judicial doctrine.5


In this paper the electromagnetic performance of an array of tightly coupled dipoles is investigated when it is loaded on a modified Miura-ori pattern. The ability of the Miura-ori structure to change its shape is used to adjust the scanning capabilities of the array. Based on our results, as the structure is deformed from 0° to 45°, the arrays' reception is improved compared to the unfolded/flat state for both the E and H planes.


Seventeen apple samples from nine different cultivars were evaluated by a trained panel of nine panelists. The first dimension of the raw principal component analysis models for each attribute (sweetness, sourness, juiciness, firmness, mealiness and crispness) accounted for more than 57% of the variance in sensory scores, except in the case of sweetness, for which the degree of explained variance was only 40%. A generalized procrustes analysis (GPA) was then applied to maximize the explained variance between the panelists. The final consonance results can be understood by looking at the interactions among the attributes: analysis of the GPA rotation matrix indicated that there was a rotation interaction between sweetness and mealiness that could explain the lower degree of consensus in the panel when evaluating sweetness. Conversely, the highest degree of consensus was observed for sourness, which showed the lowest correlation with the rest of the attributes.

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS

Our article shows that panel consonance results can be directly related to interactions among sensory attributes: an attribute with higher interactions with the rest of the properties reaches a lower consensus in its evaluation. There is no work reporting this conclusion from a particular set of sensory data. We would also like to highlight that evidencing this result is not trivial because not all the interactions among sensory properties respond to a correlation interaction. For instance, we show that there is a rotation interaction between sweetness and mealiness. This information is the result of a detailed analysis of values of rotation coefficients between each pair of sensory attributes for all the panelists. To our knowledge, this kind of interaction has not been explicitly described in the apple literature up to now. In the present study, this interaction is explained from the sensory perception mechanisms of both properties.


Medical librarians are very comfortable in the library environment, where they research, analyze and disseminate information. But most are not as comfortable in an environment where their research methods, technique and expertise are called into question. This is an account of the activities of a medical librarian who became an expert witness in a malpractice case involving an oncology patient, and a prosecuting attorney filing suit against a prominent oncologist. As an expert witness, the testimony given by the medical librarian was based on research performed as a result of verifying 342 citations of published works included in the oncologist's curriculum vitae. The roles that the medical librarian fulfilled, the methodology used to uncover the facts of the case, and the credibility factors that contributed to the degree of certainty of this expert witness's testimony are illustrated in this article, where the truth – and nothing but the truth – is revealed.


Protein digestive capacity, measured by an in vitro method, was examined in individual rainbow trout of four weight groups (40–875 g; n= 14 group−1), using three fish meals (FM). Differences (P <0.05) were found in digestive capacity between groups and with FM grade used. Larger fish expressed greatest catalytic capacity.


We propose an effective deep learning model for signal reconstruction, which requires no signal prior, no noise model calibration, and no clean samples. This model only assumes that the noise is independent of the measurement and that the true signals share the same structured information. We demonstrate its performance on a variety of real-world applications, from sub-\r{A}ngstr\"{o}m resolution atomic images to sub-arcsecond resolution astronomy images.


The cornerstone of atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation is isolation of the pulmonary veins (PVs). Patients with recurrent AF undergoing repeat ablation usually have PV reconnection (PVr). The ablation strategy and outcome of patients undergoing repeat ablation who have persistent isolation of all PVs (PVi) at the time of repeat ablation is unknown.


This paper describes the prosodic features —with emphasis on the nuclear pitch accent— of the statements documented in the corpus "Norma lingüística culta" and "Habla popular de la Ciudad de México" (Lope Blanch, 1971, 1976). The prosodic description is carried out with the Autosegmental Metrical model and the analysis of sociolinguistic factors. Regarding the nuclear pitch accent L+H *, the statistical analysis showed two significant factors: narrow focus statements and the low level of education. The nuclear accent H * is more prevalent in men and the low level of education. By contrast we observed that the group of adults, the higher education and the broad focus statements favor the descending contour, which has lesser relation with vernacular patterns in Central Mexican Spanish.


In order to study the equivalent static density changing rule of water-based fuzzy ball drilling fluid with different well depth, BPneural network is established, based on the PVT experimental data of fuzzy ball drilling fluid, reflecting the relationship between pressure, temperature and drilling fluid density. On the basis of the network,the equivalent static density prediction model in different well depth is established, and the well depth is associated with pressure and temperature. Compared with the result predicted by multiple regressions, the BP neural network method can obtain higher accuracy, and are more consistent with the static equivalent density in Well M80-C1 at the depth of 0~2500m.Wepredictedtheequivalentstaticdensityofwater-basedfuzzyballdrillingfluidinMoxiareaatthedepthof2500~6000mbyBP neural network, discovering it decreased with depth increase, which proved the fuzzy ball was not compressed into continuous phase at HTHP. The gas ball expansion capacity by temperature was greater than that by pressure with well depth increase, which proved the fuzzy ball structure resistance to compression is strong and temperature can strengthen the blocking effect of fuzzy ball. BP network provides a new mathematical method to predict the downhole equivalent static density of water-based fuzzy ball drilling fluid.


Horse drawn wagon on a muddy road, at Frederick Truby King's farm in Tahakopa. Photograph taken by Frederick Truby King between 1911-1921.
Dated according to information in "Truby King, the man : a biography / by Mary King.", see chapter on Tahakopa.
Inscriptions: Verso - Bogged on the road to the Tahakopa Farm
Quantity: 1 b&w original photographic print(s).


Extraction technology of yellow pigment in maize paste was studied. The results showed that the optimum process was as follow: taking 95% alcohol as extract, the extraction time 2 h, solid-liquid ratio 1:8, temperature 75 ℃ and pH 7. The extraction rate was 0.331 mg/g.


The invention discloses a method and a device for instruction control in a remote assistance process. The method includes: when a master control end needs to transmit an instruction of moving a cursor to an operation target to a controlled end, allowing description information related to the operation target to be carried in the instruction; after the controlled end receives the instruction, analyzing the instruction to acquire the operation target description information carried in the instruction; and determining the position of the operation target according to the operation target description information to move the cursor to the position of the operation target according to indication of the instruction. By the aid of the method and the device for instruction control in the remote assistance process, instructions sent to controlled ends in the technician operation simulated remote assistance process can adapt to different screen resolutions of the controlled end, so that effectiveness of the instructions can be guaranteed.


A study is reported on the voluntary intake and digestibility by sheep of five lines of Cenchrus ciliaris when grown as swards and cut at six different stages of growth. Previous studies with C. ciliaris grown in small rows had shown large differences between these lines in grazing preference by cattle. The ranking order for preference wasline31>10 = 23>30 = 36.

When offered singly to sheep in pens the five lines could be divided into three groups according to their voluntary intakes. Lines 10 and 30 had the highest mean daily intakes of 56·1 and 57·6 g (kg W)-0·75 compared with lines 23 and 36 with low mean intakes of 48·5 and 48·6 g (kg W)-0·75. Line 31 was intermediate with a mean intake of 543 g (kg W)-0·.

Mean dry matter digestibility of the five lines ranged from 0·577 to 0·597%. Lines 10 and 30 had the lowest digestibility. The difference in intake between the five lines was positively correlated with their proportion of leaf (r= 0·97). Low-intake lines (23 and 36) also had the highest proportion of seed head.

It was concluded that selection of C. ciliaris on the basis of preference by cattle in a cafeteria study provided no useful guide to voluntary intake when the different lines were grown, cut, dried, chopped and fed separately to sheep.


A description is given of the HACP drilling fluid which is highly shear-thinning and has good API filtration control. These properties are maintained in the presence of various additives, contaminants and cuttings. The system is stable at temperatures up to 250/degree/F. for 16 hours. Because of these properties, drilling rates are expected to be significantly faster than the rates obtained with conventional fluids. Because of lost circulation problems, increased drilling rates could not be demonstrated. 6 refs.


Indium tin oxide (ITO) is one of the most used conductive transparent oxide (CTO). Its electrical and optical properties under different environments are crucial to several applications. In this study, single-mode, broadband, integrated optical waveguide (IOW) technique was used to investigate the spectroscopic properties of ultra-thin (~ 13 nm) ITO films under electrical potential modulation. Optical absorbance changes under cyclic voltammetry at various probing wavelengths were measured. Electric potential for minimum absorbance against wavelength was analyzed, and we observed a clear linear correlation between them. Understanding the mechanisms behind this unusual spectroscopic change under potential modulation may have an important impact on several technological applications of ITO.


Abstract Based on transmission electron microscopy observation, zoosporogenesis in the siphonous multinucleate green alga Derbesia tenuissima can be divided into five stages. In vegetative sporophytes and Stage 1 sporangia, the cytoplasm was distinguished as two regions, the inner region of chloroplasts and the outer region of nuclei. In Stage 1 sporangia, the chloroplasts differentiated into amyloplasts and contained large starch grains. In Stage 2 sporangia, several meiotic nuclei with synaptonemal complexes were observed in the apical and the subapical portions of a sporangium. The width of a synaptonemal complex was 103±5 (mean ± standard deviation) nm (n = 20). In Stage 3 sporangia, the plug complex that was composed of 4 layers as observed with transmission electron microscopy, was formed between the sporangium and the main axis. In Stage 4 sporangia, the following conspicuous characters were observed: 1) differentiation of nuclei into two types, 2) de novo appearance of centrioles (flagellar basal bodies) on the type 2 nuclei (large), 3) decrease in the number of the type 1 nuclei (small), 4) development of cleavage furrows and vesicles, 5) formation and elongation of flagellar axonemes, and 6) development of three characteristic bands on the flagellar basal bodies. In Stage 5 sporangia, differentiation of flagella and flagellar bands was completed. Each stephanokont zoospore of D. tenuissima had about 80 flagella, about 16 nuclei and many chloroplasts.


The restoration of the "brick facades" of historical objects is a fairly studied task. A large number of materials and technologies are used in its solution today, however, their application does not always lead to the excellent results. The purpose of this study is a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of the materials used and the methods of repair and restoration work with brick materials, depending on the monument's initial condition, its utilitarian use and the architectural stylization of its facades. This article compares and discusses three methods of repair and restoration of the historical objects' "brick facades": the "traditional" method of brickwork restoration, used mainly in the monuments' restoration experience in Russia; materials and technologies of Caparol company (Germany), as well as the materials and methods of repair and restoration of the brick facades in the Remmers company (Germany). The analysis objects are the history and architecture monuments of a number of South Russian cities; the period of repair and restoration of these facilities from 2013 to 2020 The effectiveness of the indicated methods and materials' application at the stage is compared: preparatory work, repair and restoration of lost masonry, restoration of masonry with reprofiling; and at the stage of the facades' finishing. The results of the combined use of various methods are presented. The presented observations and conclusions on the practical conduct of repair and restoration work using various materials and technologies on a number of architectural monuments made in the "brick style" are "equipped" with the data for effective planning and development of "optimal" technological maps for the future restoration objects.


on fractions to a class of fourth-grade students in her field-experience practicum. The instructor of her mathematics methods course observed the lesson. As they met in the hallway to debrief the teaching experience, the instructor began by asking, "How do you think your lesson went?" Tamara replied, "Great. I got through my entire lesson plan." Tamara's comment and the subsequent discussion revealed that she was focused on her actions as the teacher but not on the dynamics of instruction (Cohen and Ball 2001). Similar conversations often have left us pondering our effectiveness as professional support providers, whether in the role of a mathematics teacher educator or a mentor, teacher leader, or staff developer. What questions should we be asking preservice teachers, novice teachers, and more experienced teachers so they think more deeply about these interactions? How can we frame these conversations as a time to think together? How can we support preservice and novice teachers in beginning a lifelong inquiry into their own mathematical teaching practices? How can we support experienced teachers as they shift toward reformoriented practices in mathematics? The instructional triangle in figure 1 presents instruction as interactions among teachers, students, and mathematics (adapted from Cohen and Ball 1999 and National Research Council 2001). In our conversations with both preservice teachers and in-service teachers, focusing on how teachers and students attend, listen, and respond to one another while interacting with the mathematics is important. The purpose of this article is to engage professional support providers in thinking about the questions they ask that promote teacher thinking, deeper discourse, and reflection on practice. We begin with two scenarios based on debriefing classroom observations and then present a structure for formulating questions. Focusing Conversations to Promote Teacher Thinking


Received Jan 21, 2021 Revised Mar 20, 2021 Accepted Mar 29, 2021 Mitral valve movement is essential to be identified in order to monitor the abnormality of blood flow in right side of heart. The tracking of mitral valve has seldom been investigated since it required high temporal rate to scan the echocardiography images and it depends on the operator to capture the lowspeckle and noise images. This study presents the validation experiment performed on heart phantom made of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) filament which the objective is to validate the previous features tracking technique implemented in mitral valve locating in video frames using kanadelucas-tomasi (KLT) algorithm. The outcome was able to automatically detect the edge of mitral valve and thus in future, it manages to predict the flowing of blood pattern. An in-vitro experiment was conducted which involved a valve phantom scanning in water tank that connected to water pump. It was found in this study that the technique capable to detect and visualize the mitral valve up to 59 frames in 2.36 seconds by tracking the features of minimum eigenvalue within the selected region. It was also produced a good agreement of valve distance between the true value and the measured one, which achieved the minimum of 88% similarity. This yielded the validation of the proposed technique to track and visualize the mitral valves.