ETHEL SMYTH became a composer of full-scale works-including operas produced in England and Europe, orchestral works, a mass, and chamber and instrumental works-despite the fact that she was part of a culture in which a female musician was relegated to the role of performer-teacher or, at best, parlor-music composer. In addition, she was known for her literary talents and political activism. Throughout her career she championed the needs of women to aspire and achieve, and from 1911 to 1913 she was totally devoted to the suffrage movement. In this paper Ethel Smyth's life will be examined as well as her opera, The Wreckers, one of the most powerful English operas of its time. This article will also focus on the impact that Sir Thomas Beecham had on its early productions. The appendix following the paper consists of a list of Ethel Smyth's published and unpublished works.


Since the Iron Curtain came down, the European cont ine t has become, as it used to be, a vast space of exchange in which human migrations ta ke diverse forms, from more or less permanent emigration to a variety of short-term mov ements, such as study programs or seasonal jobs (Okólski 2001). The kind of migration this text deals with consists of constant mobility, between the native country and several pl ces abroad where migrants work on a temporary basis. This began at the beginning of the nin ties and demonstrates how middleclass people from eastern European countries have p l y d a role, without waiting for international agreements, in the construction of a large transnational space across Europe.


The frequency up-conversion process with stochastic coupling function is considered. It is shown that the total photon number increases with time. The antibunching effect (g(2)<1) is predicted regardless of the mean photon numbers available in the process.


A co-edited selection of extracts from plays by contemporary Irish women playwrights, with Introduction by Anna McMullan and Caroline Williams.


A methodology for assessing the cost-effectiveness of diesel fuel modification as a particulate control technique is presented. The cost-effectiveness of three diesel fuel modification scenarios have been calculated and compared with the cost-effectiveness of alternative particulate control strategies. The three fuel modifications which were evaluated are: reduced sulfur content; reduced sulfur content in conjunction with reduced aromatics content; and reduced sulfur and aromatics contents in conjunction with reduced ninety percent distillation temperature. Sulfur content is the only fuel property which can be altered to affect diesel-derived sulfate particulate levels in the atmosphere. The cost-effectiveness of fuel sulfur reduction is compared to the cost-effectiveness of control measures for other sources of sulfate particulate.


The relationships among body length, gonad and body weights and secondary sexual characters of the dark chub, Zacco temmincki, were analyzed with reference to their variations. Both condition factor and gonosomatic index (GSI) greatly increased in the pre-mating season. Body size was positively correlated with GSI value for females, except in post-spawning periods, but negatively correlated or uncorrelated for males. Individual variation (CV) of both condition factor and GSI value also increased in the pre-mating and mating seasons. Breeding color and pearl organs on the head developed in both sexes all the year round, and most conspicuously in males in the mating season. Pearl organs on the anal fin only developed in males in the mating season. The development of these secondary sexual characters neither necessarily indicated sexual maturation nor a high potential for reproduction, but was greatly associated with large body size. Breeding color was believed to function as a signal showing the development of pearl organs and body size, pearl organs on the head as a weapon in conspecific aggressive encounters and pearl organs on the anal fin as a tool for burying eggs in spawning behavior. The development of reproductive characters, such as gonad and secondary sexual characters, has long been employed as an index of sexual maturation in fishes, e.g., the gonosomatic index (GSI) is frequently used to determine the reproductive state of fishes (e.g., Nikolsky, 1963; Mann, 1973; Heins and Clemmer, 1976; Lagler et al., 1977; Burns and Flores, 1981; de Vlaming et al., 1982). Histological and endocrinologic analyses have produced more accurate information on the mechanism of maturation (e.g., Hoar, 1969; de Vlaming, 1972; Tricas and Hiramoto, 1989), but the function of reproductive characters, except for the simple assumption that they serve in mating activities, usually remains unclarified due to a lack of direct observations of mating behavior. Recent ecological approaches emphasize the importance of individual variations in behavior and morphology, since they reflect different strategies, or are formed by ontogenetic, environmental and social conditions according to some ecological rules (Dunbar, 1982; Magurran, 1986; Katano, 1987; Clark and Ehlinger, 1987; Ehlinger and Wilson, 1988). From this point of view, it is necessary to clarify variations in the development of reproductive characters for each season, sex and individual in relation to the mating period and behavior of the fish. For instance, the GSI value for ripe individuals has been traditionally used as an index of reproductive effort for a population or a species (Mann, 1980; Deacon and Keast, 1987; Saitoh, 1990), but now individual variation in gonad weight is also important, since it indicates the difference in potential reproductive ability of each individual for producing or fertilizing eggs. Increasing evidence shows that there are large individual differences in reproductive success for both males and females (Clutton-Brock, 1988). However, little information has been published on the relationships between mating system and behavior of a fish species, and the pattern and variation in the development of gonad and secondary sexual characters. The dark chub, Zacco temmincki (Temminck et Schlegel) is a small cyprinid fish that inhabits rivers and lakes of eastern Asia. The reproductive behavior of the fish has been reported in detail by Katano (1983, in press), and the development of secondary sexual characters was qualitatively described by Okada (1934) and Nakamura (1969), but a quantitative analysis of gonad and secondary sexual characters has not been conducted. The body size and age of maturity of Z. temmincki are not known,


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To detect a possibility that an inspection target device may be affected by malware regardless of whether or not malware diagnostic software is installed in the inspection target device, and even in such a situation that the inspection target device cannot be connected to the malware diagnostic device.SOLUTION: A suspicious file collection device 28 connectable to an inspection target device includes: collection means 29 that collects, using a program activated by the inspection target device, suspicious files suspected to be affected by malware, from a predetermined area of a storage unit provided in the inspection target device; storage means 30 for storing the suspicious files; and transmission means 31 that transmits the suspicious files having been accumulated in the storage means to a monitoring device that monitors execution results of the suspicious files.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1


The last few weeks have brought attention to two important issues for children's health — the emergence of e-cigarette use and news from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) about increasing rates of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnoses.

Through the AAP Julius B. Richmond


Abstract : Civilians have participated in military operations since the Revolutionary War. They will continue to serve in essential noncombatant positions that are critical to success on the battlefield. Prior to Operation Desert Shield/Storm policies and procedures that governed civilian personnel during combat operations were ambivalent or nonexistent. Policies and procedures codified in directives and regulations following Desert Shield/Storm were a vast improvement over previous documents. Although current policies and procedures provide clarity and direction issues exist with compensation Emergency-Essential (E-E) position designation and accountability. Given that the Army is operating in an asymmetric environment policies and procedures that govern E-E civilians must change to meet the new environment. This changed environment also brings about a new manner in which we select and retain government civilians serving in E-E positions. This research paper will assess the documents that govern E-E civilians serving on today's battlefield and make recommendations for changes in the areas of compensation Emergency-Essential (E-E) position designation and accountability.


Filling defects, which appear on the tool path ends as the existence of the control precision error of enabling components (laser, nozzle) and movement acceleration and deceleration of moving components, cause serious problems in appearance quality of parts in a number of welding-based rapid prototyping processes such as plasma welding, laser welding, and fused deposition modeling. This paper presents a novel tool path planning algorithm based on endpoint build-in optimization, moving the two path endpoints with filling defects from the part surface into the internal region. Experiments in fused deposition modeling processes show that the algorithm effectively addresses this issue, and is reliable and efficient.


Autologous chondrocyte transplantation is technically feasible and biologically relevant to repairing disc damage and retarding disc degeneration in animal models. Prospective clinical trials with open discectomy, cultivation of disc cells and transplantation by a minimally invasive procedure are ongoing (co.don chondro-transplant DISC). We used the decompressor (Stryker) for percutaneous lumbar discectomy to harvest disc cells for cultivation. A cannula was placed in the degenerated disc. The 1,5mm decompressor was introduced through the cannula. 0,5–1,5 millilitres of disc material was aspirated. In the laboratory the material was cultured using the patients serum. The cells were expandable. The capacity of the cells to produce matrix molecules was proven in vitro. The percutaneous discectomy of contained discs with signes of early degeneration, the expansion and the transplantation of autologous chondrocytes to the disc might be a possibility of repairing disc damage and retarding disc degeneration.


This paper aims to examine the death penalty in Zoroastrianism, the Quran, and the laws of the Islamic Republic of Iran. By studying antient Zoroastrian texts, we face a variety of crimes and punishments such as murder, robbery, adultery, magic, rape, and assault that were always considered to be the worst offenses. Zoroastrian religious scholars wrote books on crimes and their punishment in this world and the hereafter. Islam, like all other divine religions, regards the death penalty as a permissible and sometimes obligatory punishment for the perpetrators of capital offenses, while in other cases it prohibits the death penalty and considers it a grave sin. The Islamic penal system strives to confront offenses and injustice and eliminate corruption. This paper discusses the differences and similarities between the crimes that lead to the death penalty in pre-Islamic Iran, the Quran, and the laws of the Islamic Republic of Iran.


In spite of the appearances the term "libertarianism" can mean things radically opposed (especially from historic perspective), sometimes so much that there exist ideas which even include socialism or capitalism per se among libertarian concepts. The name itself however connotes only some relation to liberty, but one can still wonder: to how understood liberty? Nevertheless it seems that what is truly shared by the concepts known as "libertarian" is the pursuit of voluntary relations among people in society excluding any coercion whatsoever. It should be noted that the pursuit is at least declarative, as it is still possible to argue over the accepted ontological assumptions about the world (including anthropological assumptions regarding humans and assumptions regarding origins, structure and functions of interpersonal relations) underlying the notion, as well as strategies adopted to the selection of means for the reach of goals. Contemporary libertarianism is explicitly associated with the adherents of such moral and social-philosophy-ground ideas as individual freedom and freedom to voluntary association which seem, at least prima facie, to presuppose some negative sense of the notion "freedom". There are political ideas being developed on that basis which defend the need for limitation of the role of politics in the society, which then leads to, as much as possible, decentralization of state (towards federation, region autonomy, localism). Therefore libertarian ideas set in opposition to the concept of state itself as the latter claims right to use violence in society (by making and executing law), as well as to the part of business and social organizations which owe their position at any rate to politics (so-called "crony capitalism" e. g. in the sphere of licensing business activity, taxation of the opponents, subsidies). Thus libertarian-


The aim of this paper is to use simulations to evaluate the performance of two existing protocols, AODV (ad hoc on-demand distance vector routing) and DSDV (Destination-sequenced Distance-Vector routing). However, they are designed for use in mobile ad hoc networks (MANET) and for increasing the effective point to point (ship to ship) communication. Simulations will be performed with the DARS simulator. The simulation result shows that when the number of nodes increased and consequently the distance between nodes narrows, there is an improvement in the communication process and a "Message Transmission Successful'. In fact, routing in these networks is based on a simple and intuitive approach. Thus, this approach shows that the retransmission of the packets by each node allows propagation through the network.


Through making statistical analysis on goal style,route and time of 674 goals in 2004 Chinese football league-A match,this paper tries to find out attacking character and shortcoming of our football club teams.The main purpose is to provide the basis for improving the training and competition level.


The quest for an integrated light source that promises high energy efficiency and fast modulation for high-performance photonic circuits has led to the development of room-temperature telecom-wavelength nanoscale laser with high spontaneous emission factors, \beta. The coherence characterization of this type of lasers is inherently difficult with the conventional measurement of output light intensity versus input pump intensity due to the diminishing kink in the measurement curve. We demonstrate the transition from chaotic to coherent emission of a high-{\beta} pulse-pump metallo-dielectric nanolaser can be determined by examining the width of a second order intensity correlation peak, which shrinks below and broadens above threshold. Photon fluctuation study, first one ever reported for this type of nanolaser, confirms the validity of this measurement technique. Additionally, we show that the width variation above threshold results from the delayed threshold phenomenon, providing the first indirect observation of dynamical hysteresis in a nanolaser.


A fibroepithelial polyp is an inflammatory hyperplastic lesion in response to chronic irritation. It is most commonly seen in the buccal mucosa where it is more prone to trauma. Clinically, the features of fibroepithelial polyp overlap with other lesions. Therefore, histopathological confirmation is necessary. The current study presents a case in which the fibroepithelial polyp was arising from the retromolar trigone which is not reported in English literature.


Power Electronic Systems (PES) is widely used in energy sectors such as renewable energy and aerospace. It is very important to design a reliable PES health monitoring system. This paper provides a new condition monitoring method based on Physics-informed Neural Network (PINN). Although the actual PES has a complex topology and is in a dynamically changing operating environment, the operation process does not violate the circuit physical models. Considering the charge and discharge process in the DC-DC converter, the physical formula is derived through the state-space average method. Then the physical formula is added to the deep learning model of LSTM as prior knowledge, to estimate the degradation parameters of the DC-DC converter. The uncertainty method is used to determine the weighting coefficients for data fitting and physical information fitting tasks. The PINN method can improve the estimation accuracy and generalization ability of the model in the case of limited data, which is conducive to the realization of the condition monitoring of complex PES. It is significant to improve the reliability of new energy vehicles and military equipment.


The Bagdad Railway, the author rightly states, is probably the most important single factor in the history of Turkey during the last thirty eventful years. The principal objects to be served by that railway, economic and strategic, are characterized and revealed by the statements of its advocates. Each European state, also, that one time or another has been interested in its development positively or negatively, has its interests analyzed, dissected, its policy criticized, and the selfishness and sordidness contained in that policy thoroughly exposed. In this respect no great European state has been spared. In pinning the indictment for selfish imperialism on a state, Professor Earle's spear knows no brother,—French or German, English or American, it is all the same.


The present invention is a motor using an electrically resistive material in order to address the inefficiencies of the control caused failure to recognize the current status of agricultural facilities, such as DC used in the industrial field (direct current) and AC (Alternating Current) motor and the associated motor opening after detecting the opened and closed states this DC / AC motor with a transmission, the electrical resistance and power line communication and then form a sensing the current state of the motor in real time to a remote to accurately control the motor from a remote based on this, via a power line communications opening position relates to remote monitoring and remote control method and apparatus. With this unit it is possible to determine in real time from a remote current status of the motor by opening and closing the rotary resistive sensors associated with the automatic control environment may perform a precise motor section opening. Where the precise maintenance environment information such as a greenhouse, and management can be necessary to prevent the waste of energy to increase the yield by precise management portion controls the motor for opening and closing an external vent. In addition it is possible to collect sensor values over existing power lines without the need for a separate hypothesis of the signal lines for the sensor resistance value acquisition by using a power-line communication. This can reduce the complex and cumbersome wiring work can lead to cost savings. In addition, such as skylights, curtain through the remote communication control device may be a motor management and reduce the cost of managing the operations of. The present invention can bring an effect of eliminating the inconvenience that the same can be finely perform the motor section opening through the remote communication control.


Exechohypopion therephaga sp. nov. (Bombyliidae) emerged from the pupa of Parapsilocephala ambocerina sp. nov. (Therevidae) collected near Wentworth, New South Wales, Australia. The adults, pupae and mature larvae of the bombyliid and therevid are described and illustrated. Because the therevid host was collected from soil as a larva, the first instar bombyliid planidium is presumed to attach to the therevid in the larval stage. This is the second known record of a therevid being parasitised. Both known cases occurred in Australia and involved a bombyliid parasitoid.


Current methods for image segmentation are confused by artifacts such as highlights, because they are not based on any physical model of these phenomena. In this paper, we present an approach to color image understanding that accounts for color variations due to highlights and shading. Based on the physics of reflection by dielectric materials, such as plastic, we show that the color of every pixel from an object can be described as a linear combination of the object color and the highlight color. According to this model, all color pixels from one object form a planar cluster in the color space whose shape is determined by the object and highlight colors and by the object shape and illumination geometry. We present a method which exploits the color difference between object color and highlight color, as exhibited in the cluster shape, to separate the color of every pixel into a matte component and a highlight component. This generates two intrinsic images, one showing the scene without highlights, and the other one showing only the highlights. The intrinsic images may be a useful tool for a variety of algorithms in computer vision that cannot detect or analyze highlights, such as stereo vision, motion analysis, shape from shading, and shape from highlights. We have applied this method to real images in a laboratory environment, and we show these results and discuss some of the pragmatic issues endemic to precision color imaging.


The early accretion onto the Milky Way of satellite galaxies containing dense star clusters is a likely source of the halo globular clusters and the beginning of their associated stellar streams. The process of infall of a satellite with dynamical friction and subsequent merging is simulated with a simple evolving potential model. King model clusters are initiated within the satellite galaxy on circular orbits in a disk. Merging places the clusters on new orbits that substantially underfill their tidal radii, requiring that some internal relaxation of the clusters must be included to cause them to expand to their new tidal surface and start or continue to produce star streams. A toy model with a simplified Monte Carlo relaxation procedure gives the clusters star particles random velocity kicks at approximately the rate expected from collisional dynamics. The clusters expand and lose stars to evaporation leading to tidal streams that have local properties, including sub-halo gaps, as expected in a static halo. The main difference is that the streams are, on the average, denser and lower velocity dispersion near to the clusters than they are further away, making the older parts of the streams relatively less visible. Comparing the numbers of dense stellar systems that likely formed and orbit within the range of galactic radii where streams are visible to the Pan-STARRS1 survey finds that the number of detected streams is comparable to the number of "lost" globular clusters above $10^5$ M_sun, assuming that the detected streams follow the expectation that they arose from the most massive evaporated and evaporating clusters.


Congestion is one of the transportation issues. It increases the fuel consumption with rising of hazardous of roads. Adopting the vehicle desired speed is one of the solutions of the congestion issue and the goal of article. This article has utilized FUZZY logic controller to adopt the congestion. This paper has expressed the controller inputs and output and the relation between them to take decision. It has been explained and novel approach the simulation of congestion system by using close loop system for cluster vehicles. The impact of using ITS in traffic system has been discussed. Comparison between both normal and modern traffic system has been expressed.


The patronal feast with their ceremonial spaces are a cultural heritage, a legitimate display of inheritance in a territoryand presented in villages (corregimientos) located around the city of San Juan de Pasto in the Valley of Atriz (Narino,Colombia). Through the analysis of documents, fieldwork and community inclusion, a participatory methodology wasbuilt which allowed the recognition of festivities with strong religious and Andean values in the villages adjacent to theGaleras volcano, by syncretism among Andean pre-Hispanic memories and Spanish inheritances of religious manifestations.It is taken as a case of study and reflection, the Patronal feast of St. Peter and St. Paul in the Corregimientoof Jongovito, based on Andean agricultural religious and popular celebrations, temporarily transforming the territoryinto a ceremonial space, where the patrons Saints and the Guaguas de Pan are main characters in an attitude offervor and community thankfulness, linking customs, knowledge and traditions which provide a special stamp to theirculture. These inheritances open new spaces and lines of research into the Andean festivity culture and religioustraditions present in the South of the country.


Objectives: to determine the fatty acid composition of mature milk of nursing mothers and its distribution according to some maternal variables. Methods: this is a cross-sectional observational epidemiological study based on the evaluation of the fatty acid profile of mature human milk. Samples of mature breast milk were taken from 106 nursing mothers, by manual milking and who were after the 5th postpartum week. The milk fat extraction was carried out by using the Bligh and Dyer method and methylated with 0.25 mol/L sodium methoxide in methanol diethyl ether. The fatty acid of the milk profile was determined by a Gas Chromatograph equipped with a flame ionization detector. Results: among the saturated fatty acids, the highest values were observed for palmitic (C16:0), stearic (C18:0), myristic (C14:0) and lauric (C12:0) fatty acids, respectively. Among the monounsaturated fatty acids, there was a higher contribution of oleic (C18:1) and palmitoleic (C16:1) fatty acids, respectively. The total essential fatty acids (linoleic and α-linolenic) was 14.94%. Conclusions: a low content of essential fatty acids in the breast milk of the nursing mothers was observed in the present study, which are important for infant growth and development. We suggest the need to implement nutrition education strategies aimed for pregnant women and nursing mothers who should be advised to eat healthier foods.


Introduction An information institution or a library tends to be prominent or popular for its organized rich collection and effective services. Organization of resources is attained through cataloguing and classification. Classification is a part of cataloguing. Effective and modern cataloguing by a person emanates from devoted, keen interests, long, arduous experience, and studies and knowledge in modern international developments obtaining in the field. This is, otherwise, called specialized up-to-date technical knowledge (Saiful-Islam, 2008). Academic libraries collect material to support the teaching and research objectives of their parent bodies. The library serves both the teaching and non teaching staff of the university, researchers from other academic institutions, and students. Experience has shown that the majority of users of academic libraries are students (Ebiwolate, 2010).The library collection is organized to give easy access to material. According to Maloney (2004) the role of the library is to organize information resources and services in a way that supports user needs. Cataloguing and classification are basic processes in organizing information. Cataloguing is the process of describing material so it can be identified, while classification is the assignment of a call number that places material in order by subject. According to Opaleke, Olayemi, and Aina (2006) classification is a necessary device in organization. It directs the users to a specific subject, and groups books on the same or related subjects. The library catalogue is an essential tool. It is an index or a key to the collection, containing an entry representing each item (Clark, 2000). The catalogue also tells where in the library a book is located (Apotiade, 2002). Background of the Study The Dhaka University Library (DUL), established in 1921 with its parent organization, is the largest academic library of the country holding over half a million books on different subjects. To provide better and faster access to library collections, DUL started the Dhaka University Library Automation Project (DULAP) in 1998. As part of the project, the Library has installed an integrated library software GLAS (Graphical Library Automation System). Presently, "Interim Solution" is used for automation program. Consequently, this program will bring a greater benefit for students, researchers, faculty members and staff as well as the whole nation????? Literature Review A catalogue is record or list of books, periodicals, journals, pamphlets, monographs, audio-visual aids and other materials of a particular library, or a group of libraries (when union catalogue), or a private collection containing specified items of bibliographical information, viz. author, title, edition, imprint, collation, etc. in automated, microfiche, card or printed form arranged in classified or alphabetical order according to any standard catalogue code or rules, i.e. AACR, ALA, LC, etc. (Rowley, 1998). A catalogue is a list of things exhibited, articles for sale, school courses offered, etc., usually with descriptive comments and often illustration. A library catalogue serves the same purpose. It is a file of records for a library's collection (List 1998, cited by Ojedokun 2007). It is important to both library users and library staff. Its functions include giving a comprehensive record of materials owned by the library, listing what the library possesses by a certain author, on a given subject, and with a certain title, and enabling library materials to be located easily (Clark, 2000). The catalogue provides multiple access points to the library's collection (Osiode, 1987). In spite of these purposes and characteristics, the use of the catalogue is very poor in most Bangladeshi university libraries. Fister (1992) states that undergraduates find the university library threatening and doing research intimidating because they do not have library skills. …


Big Bang nucleosynthesis of the nuclides D, ^He , ^He and ^Li, taking into account the latest experimental data (number of neutrino species, lifetime of the neutron) and theoretical developments (quark-hadron phase transition). In the second part. I review the process of Galactic Cosmic Ray formation of lithium, beryllium and boron throughout the life of the galaxy, taking advantage of recent measurements of Be and Li in iron deficient stars, 1Cosmological nucleosynthesis . The game of Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) is to compute the abundances of light nuclides Xj (the "yields") generated around Τ = ΙΟ 9 Κ and to compare them with the observed abundances. To reach this goal we must face two different tasks : 1) to follow the physics of the Big Bang forward in time until 1 0 9 K, in order to obtain a set of physical parameters from which the X j can be computed, 2) to extrapolate the chemical abundances from the observed data, all the way back to 10 9 K. Then, try to match the calculated and extrapolated abundances Xj at the "interface" of BBN, around 10 9 K. I discuss first the computations of the yields. In the recent years, we have had important progresses but also some unforeseen and unpleasant complications. TWo new important laboratory experiments have resulted in a decrease in the number of "effective" parameters needed for the computations. From the recent LEP results, (CERN collaboration 1990) we have obtained the number of neutrino species ( 3.2 ± 0.2). This number is of importance in relation with the cosmic energy density and hence with the rate of expansion of the universe. This rate, in turn, fixes the value of the decoupling temperature of the weak interaction. The neutron density at the decoupling temperature fixes the calculated abundance of helium-4. In the early computation of BBN, this number was left as a "parameter " to be fitted by comparison with the observed abundances. For years it had been foreseen that the number of neutrino species had to be close to the presently measured value of three. (Yang et al 1984) It is worthwhile recalling here than in BBN computations, "fractional" numbers of relativistic species are not necessarily meaningless since they could correspond to species which would have decoupled at earlier times. From the Grenoble cold neutron laboratory (Mampe et al 1989) we have an improved value of the neutron lifetime. The value : lifetime of 890 ± 4 sec (corresponding to an half-life of 10.3 ± 0.06 minutes) is accurate enough that one does not have to include the influence of its


We consider the possibility that nuclear no-neutrino double-beta decay is mediated by a universally coupled heavy Majorana electron neutrino. From the known rates of nuclear double-beta decays we conclude that the mass of this neutrino must be at least 10/sup 4/ GeV. (AIP)


Designing a university course of study on a multidisciplinary field such as international migration means covering a broad and expansive body of work in a cogent manner. Developing a curriculum addressing themes of gender and migration is an even bigger task that must bring together examinations of a range of migratory processes with gender as a key analytical category. An ambitious effort, The International Handbook on Gender, Migration, and Transnationalism: Global and Development Perspectives provides an effective tool to undertake this challenge. This review provides a brief overview of the key contributions of the text, followed by a few suggestions on how the text might be used within a university classroom. The International Handbook on Gender, Migration and Transnationalism offers a new framework that examines the connections among gender, migration, transnationalism, and development in a globalizing world. The text takes as its point of departure previous studies in the field of gender and development, as well as analytical frames offered by the fields of gender and migration studies. Its primary contribution is that it considers, both theoretically and empirically, the axes of migration, gender, development, and globalization in various strategic combinations, to illuminate the multiple ways that globalization processes shape gender and migratory behavior and activities. The text's main thesis is that international migration can best be understood using a migration–development nexus which places the articulation of global production and reproduction chains and circuits at the center of the analysis. The edited volume consists of 20 field-based empirical contributions, the majority of which are based within European Union member states. There are also contributions based in the United States and Ecuador. Despite these different geographic contexts, the introductory chapter sets the conceptual stage on which other chapters come into dialogue with each other. The introductory chapter impressively summarizes and links literatures on the global context and its mobilities and the gender–migration axis, examining how the two concepts are changed within development discourse and policy. It draws to a close by identifying key chains in the gender, migration, and development (G-M-D) nexus, which is used to highlight the interactions between the productive and reproductive spheres. Through the G-M-D nexus, authors pay particular attention to key elements such as classic production chains, the role and function of remittances, reproduction chains, and care. The diverse interactions and manifestations of these chains appear throughout subsequent chapters. The far-reaching conceptual framework of the introduction is complex and would be most appropriate for researchers, public policymakers, and advanced graduate students who have previous exposure to the debates, concepts, and themes associated with gender studies, migration studies, and development studies. However, chapters throughout the text also provide good introductions to these fields, thus making the handbook fairly accessible and appropriate for both advanced level undergraduate and graduate students. For instance, Beneria, Deere, and Kabeer's chapter is an excellent discussion of how a gender perspective reshapes understanding of international migration, development, and governance and offers particularly clear definitions of key terms and debates


We study the vertical structure of a stellar disk obtained from a fully cosmological high-resolution hydrodynamical simulation of the formation of a Milky Way-like galaxy. At the present day, the disk's mean vertical height shows a well-defined and strong pattern, with amplitudes as large as 3 kpc in its outer regions. This pattern is the result of a satellite - host halo - disk interaction and reproduces, qualitatively, many of the observable properties of the Monoceros Ring. In particular we find disk material at the distance of Monoceros ($R \sim$ 12-16 kpc, galactocentric) extending far above the mid plane ( 30$^{\circ}$, $\langle Z \rangle \sim$ 1-2 kpc) in both hemispheres, as well as well-defined arcs of disk material at heliocentric distances $\gtrsim 5$ kpc. The pattern was first excited $\approx 3$ Gyr ago as an $m=1$ mode that later winds up into a leading spiral pattern. Interestingly, the main driver behind this perturbation is a low-mass low-velocity fly-by encounter. The satellite has total mass, pericentre distance and pericentric velocity of $\sim 5\%$ of the host, $\sim 80$ kpc, and 215 km/s, respectively. The satellite is not massive enough to directly perturb the galactic disk but we show that the density field of the host dark matter halo responds to this interaction resulting in a strong amplification of the perturbative effects. This subsequently causes the onset and development of the Monoceros-like feature.


Since the reform of tax-sharing system of China,the burden difference of China's local taxes shows the trend of expansion.Based on the index of tax elasticity and taxes series,the paper on the burden difference of China's local taxes shows that there is obvious Matthew effect in China's local taxes burden distributing.The more developed the local economy is,the light the local taxes burden is.From the angle of coordinated development of regional economies,China's government should give those central and western regions preferential taxation policies enhance the transfer payment and quicken the urbanization development of central and western regions.


Operations relevant for air traffic management are based on procedures communicated through speech commands. These procedures are human centric, thus unautomated. Following predictions of air traffic growth forecasts, air traffic will increase no matter which forecast model is taken into account. High density air traffic areas become inefficient to handle through un-automated procedures. As a result air traffic management requires support of automated and consequently data based processes. Such processes could only be supported if data communication services are offered homogeneously in relevant areas. That is, data link and network services have to be interoperable on a worldwide basis. Currently large scale industry consortia in Europe and the United States are focusing on increasing efficiency of air traffic management through advanced concepts based on data communication applications. These activities demand a lot of coordination amongst participating organizations in order to achieve technical, economical, and political consensus amongst all partners. This paper addresses the status quo of aeronautical data communication services, visions of possible emerging aeronautical data links, and the integration of these data links into an all IP based communication system relevant for air traffic management and operations, respectively.


This latest edition of a well-known radiation biology text book, previously edited by G. Gordon Steel, has been increased substantially in size and updated extensively since the previous version. As described in the Preface and Chapter 1, the book is aimed at students of radiation therapy, radiation physics and radiation biology with the purpose of providing a solid understanding of both radiation biology relevant to clinical radiation oncology and new developments in molecular radiation oncology. The book achieves this purpose well. However, the reader should be aware that, as implied by the word 'Clinical' in the title, the book is heavily oriented towards providing radiation biology background relevant to clinical radiation oncology rather than imparting general radiation biology knowledge or radiation biology relevant to diagnostic radiology personnel. This very readable 'teaching book' has evolved from lectures given by an excellent faculty in courses organised by the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, thus giving a European orientation to the book. As with any multi-author book, there is some inconsistency among chapters with regards to quality and clarity, and some overlap and repetition, but by-and-large, the editors and authors have done an admirable job of relating chapters to each other, as needed to help the reader, and minimising overly annoying amounts of repetition. This latest edition includes new chapters on imageguided radiotherapy, biological response modifiers, tumor microenvironment, and radiation-induced second cancers, as well as expanded sections on pathogenesis of normal tissue damage, molecular descriptions of DNA damage response, cell death, and molecular targeting and patient individualisation. Most of these additions and expansions are appropriate, welcome, and nicely written. An exception may be the chapter on image-guided radiotherapy, which, as presented, at least for this reviewer, seems somewhat out of place in a text book on radiation biology. Each chapter ends with a useful summary of key points and an appropriately sized bibliography for the reader who wants more information. The book makes fairly extensive use of figures and diagrams to support and complement explanations in the text, although some chapters could have been improved with a few more diagrams (e.g., some diagrams of apoptotic pathways might have been useful) while in other chapters the diagrams nicely summarise complex pathways at a relevant, useful and understandable level (e.g., DNA repair pathways). There are a few figures that are not well explained in the text or legend and where symbols and abbreviations are not defined, but these are in the minority. The coverage of issues related to fractionation is particularly extensive in the book, perhaps with a bit of redundancy between chapters, in a few instances. However, the examples of calculations in Chapter 9 will be quite useful to many students (and some teachers), and the clearly presented discussions of clinical trials in Chapter 10 provide an excellent job of putting basic concepts about fractionation into clinical perspective. The discussion on altering fractionation patterns stresses use of EQD2 (Equivalent dose in 2-Gy fractions) rather than BED (Biologically Effective Dose), thus stressing a concept, EQD2, that will be less familiar to many readers. From this reviewer's perspective, the book might have been improved by an initial chapter on introductory/basic physics relevant to the radiation biology being presented, e.g., definitions of radiation dose quantities and descriptions of basic types of ionising radiation used in radiation oncology and their modes of interactions with matter. Also, it is disappointing that there is no discussion of radiation protection, e.g., recommended dose limits, putting doses in perspective, etc. This omission is unfortunate in light of the ever-increasing awareness of patients and their family members of issues related to radiation exposure and cancer risks (there is a chapter added on radiation-induced second cancers) and the likelihood that radiation oncologists could be consulted in the event of accidental or deliberate exposures of the public to radiation. In summary, this new, expanded, updated and improved edition of an internationally-used radiation biology text book is a welcome addition to the desks of students and teachers alike. With its emphasis on radiation biology as it applies to clinical radiation oncology, the book is an excellent complement to other texts currently available.


VIRCIIOW showed (1) the specimens from a patient, whom Prof. J.Wolff had previously shown to the Society as cured, after total extirpation of the larynx for carcinoma. There was no return in the larynx—the whole larynx and what belongs to the larynx was wanting, and was replaced by a large cicatrix, the external opening was also cicatrized, and the lymph . glands of that region were quite free. But in the right lung, upper lobe, was a large metastatic tumour, in close relation to the right bronchus, and just beginning to break down. Another metastasis was to be found in the femur, just below the trochanter minor. Here was also a fracture, the line of fracture being filled out with cancerous masses. This was a case of alveolar cancer with almost epidermoid cells, and with protozoa-like struc- tures. The explanation of the metastasis in the lung was most likely that at the time of the operation an implantation in the upper lobe of the right lung had already taken place. It was also possible that the tumour in the lung was primary. (2) Showed a larynx removed by Thiersch for carcinoma, and the other organs from the case. The patient remained perfectly cured for four and a half years, then died of pneumonia. The epiglottis was retained, the cicatrix lying considerably deeper.


Recent evidence indicates that RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) activity of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) regulates expression of target genes and is directly involved in tumor formation in a telomere‐independent manner. Non‐canonical function of hTERT has been considered as a therapeutic target for cancer therapy. We have previously shown that hTERT phosphorylation at threonine 249 (p‐hTERT), which promotes RdRP activity, is an indicator of an aggressive phenotype and poor prognosis in liver and pancreatic cancers, using two cohorts with small sample sizes with polyclonal p‐hTERT antibody. To clarify the clinical relevance of p‐hTERT, we developed a specific monoclonal antibody and determined the diagnostic and prognostic value of p‐hTERT in cancer specimens using a large cohort. A monoclonal antibody for phosphorylated hTERT (p‐hTERT) at threonine 249 was developed and validated. The antibody was used for the immunohistochemical staining of formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded specimens from 1523 cases of lung, colon, stomach, pancreatic, liver, breast, and kidney cancers. We detected elevated p‐hTERT expression levels in cases with a high mitotic activity, high pathological grade, and high nuclear pleomorphism. Elevated p‐hTERT expression was an independent prognostic factor for lung, pancreatic, and liver cancers. Furthermore, p‐hTERT expression was associated with immature and aggressive features, such as adenosquamous carcinoma (lung and pancreas), invasive type of cancer (lung), high serum alpha‐fetoprotein level (liver), and triple‐negative status (breast). In conclusion, RdRP activity indicated by p‐hTERT expression predicts aggressive cancer phenotypes in various types of cancer. Thus, p‐hTERT is a novel biomarker for the diagnosis of aggressive cancers with a poor prognosis. © 2022 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.


The county originally placed voters into districts using street ranges and mylar drawings. From about 1990 to 1996, the county started using Atlas GIS. This program was used to draw precincts and district boundaries, which would be handchecked and compared to the Election Information Management System (EIMS) database of voters and districts. After 1996, the county moved to Maptitude. Methods were improving; however, the GIS was not yet fully geo-enabled. In 2010, the county moved to ESRI software. From this point forward, all voting precincts and voter addresses were maintained in GIS. This milestone gave staff the ability to quickly check voter location and led to a dramatic improvement in "voter to precinct" placement accuracy.


Unusual endocervical hyperplasia was observed in 2 women aged 27 and 25 years treated with Ovosiston (2 mg chlormadinone plus .08 mg mestranol). Although the histological abnormalities in both cases were nonmalignant the possibility of adenocarcinoma was considered in 1 case. The differential diagnostic problem must be taken into account. Discontinuation of medication led to disappearance of the lesions. Colposcopic cytologic and histological follow-up is recommended in these cases.


Carbon dioxide concentrations in the soil can vary both temporally and spatially. Methodology was developed to semicontinuously measure subsurface concentrations of CO 2 using expanded, porous Teflon (ePTFE) tubing. Lengths of ePTFE tubing (7.6 m) were buried at 0.02, 0.1, and 0.18 m below the soil surface in a Harps loam soil (fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Calciaquoll) in central Iowa, and also positioned directly on the soil surface (0 m). Soil atmospheric gases that diffused through the walls of the tubing were circulated in a closed-loop design through solid-state CO 2 sensors to determine the concentration of CO 2 at each depth. Independent measures of CO 2 concentrations were also determined by sampling the in-line gas stream of the ePTFE system and from samples extracted from gas wells positioned near the buried tubing. Good agreement (r 2 >0.95) was observed between the ePTFE system and the independent measures, with the ePTFE having biases of 1.2 and 1.37 times greater than the in-line and gas well samples, respectively. The soil-gas diffusion coefficient of CO 2 (D s ) was determined using intact soil cores and values were about 2.5 times less than two popular models used to predict D s in soil. Estimates of CO 2 flux using Fick's Law, six approaches to determine the vertical CO 2 concentration gradient, and three methods to determine D s ranged from >800 to <1 μmol m -2 s -1 on Day of the Year 239.5. Although Fick's Law is commonly used to estimate CO 2 flux from soil, the approach used to determine the vertical CO 2 concentration gradient and method used to determine D s can both include sources of uncertainty.


Reliability and Validity reported by Watson (1988) was moderately good. For the Positive Affect Scale, the Cronbach alpha coefficient was 0.86 to 0.90; for the Negative Affect Scale, 0.84 to 0.87. Over a 8-week time period, the test-retest correlations were 0.47-0.68 for the PA and 0.39-0.71 for the NA. The PANAS has strong reported validity with such measures as general distress and dysfunction, depression, and state anxiety.


discussions. Penal Sanctions and Human Rights affords a welcome examination into the permissible area of the criminal law and its application. But, excellent though these essays are, they do contain statements which cause one to jib occasionally. Is it correct that the reckless driver is guilty of neither murder nor manslaughter as suggested on p. 14. Andrewi v. D.P.P. [1987] A.C. 876 surely does not, as the authors contend, bear out this proposition. It is opposed by O-Orady v. Sparling (1961) 128 C.C.C. 1 (Can.S.C). The difficulty Is practical. A. vehicle may be driven recklessly without the driver having consciously adverted to the risk posed by the manner of his driving. One questions the ingenious argument advanced on p. 89 that provocation can be used as a qualified defence to any crime of which the term "murder" is a constituent element This seems inconsistent with the authors' argument that provocation cannot logically negative an Intent to kill, but makes the formation of such an Intent less culpable. Doubts also arise with respect to the application of reasonable man concepts when dealing with native races. Can a Caucasian jury even in the outback decide intelligently what stimuli are capable of provoking the reasonable aborigine? One suspects that what happens is limply a relaxation of the rule in favour of the native. To this one would hardly object Surely however, the Inclusion of the reasonable aborigine, the exclusion of the reasonable impotent man and the possible appearance of the reasonable Melbourne Maltese might have justified a more forthright attack on the place of the reasonable man in the law of provocation that Is afforded by their parenthetical comments on p. 83. In conclusion it must be said that this volume of essays is most welcome, and will provide a real service in bringing to the attention of a wider audience decisions of the Australian courts. The essays are well reasoned and organised. At the same time, it must be said that they pose no challenge to established concepts. The essays are valuable analytical discussions of certain well selected aspects of the criminal law, within a thoroughly conventional framework. The production of this book is fully up to the high standards of the Clarendon Press. It contains a very helpful table of coses, bibliography and Index, features not always found In a book of this type.


The Irish Economic Breeding Index (EBI) is a tool to help identify profitable animals. It has been in existence for almost 20 years, and has been widely adopted by Irish farmers. The current makeup of the EBI is illustrated in Figure 1. Milk solids production and fertility/ survival constitute two-thirds of the emphasis within the EBI with the remaining one-third made up by calving performance (calving difficulty, gestation length and calf mortality), cow maintenance requirements (i.e., cow live-weight), beef performance (carcass weight, conformation and fat score), health (somatic cell count, mastitis and lameness) and management traits (temperament and milking duration).


By similar selection analysing remote sensing data of a period time of a year and the remote sensing data of a period of the check year the degree and district of farm crops suffering dought were determined. This method has a certain practicality and objectivity.


In this paper, design of fractional order proportional-integral-derivative (FOPID) controllers in nonlinear multi-area interconnected systems, is presented. A three-area test system is considered to carry out this study. Typically, each turbine has limited generation rate constrain (GRC), while nonlinear performance of governor is described by its dead band (DB). Time delays imposed by signal telemetry are considered as well. Mayfly optimization algorithm (MOA) is proposed to compute the optimum parameters of FOPIDs, while minimizing a time domain based objective function. The system time response stimulated by step-load perturbation (SLP) is quantized using common ITAE index. The proposed design is compared to other designs optimized using different intelligent algorithms where the superiority of the proposed is emphasized. Robustness test based on Hermite-Biehler theorem showed that system is stable subject to parametric-uncertainties.


Despite cost and technological advantages, the commercialization of nickel/copper (Ni/Cu) plated contacts has so far been limited. Reasons for this include increased process complexity, availability of suitable lowcost production tools, and doubts over long-term reliability. We previously reported on a simple Cu based metallization sequence consisting of i) defining the front contact pattern by ps-UV laser ablation ii) self-aligned plating of the contacts using Ni/Cu/Ag and finally iii) sintering in N2 for nickel silicidation. We also reported that 10 cells strings modules featuring these Ni/Cu/Ag contacts met extended (1.5x) IEC61215 criteria for thermal cycling and damp heat reliability. In this work, this process sequence is transferred to 156x156 mmm substrates using pilotline processing equipment available at imec that include inline plating and sintering tools. The process sequence is further simplified to yield an industrial 0.5μm deep emitter without compromising efficiency results nor ribbon pull force values (average >3N/mm). This 0.5μm emitter also proves to be more robust to changes in sheet resistance induced during processing than the previously used high-efficiency 1μm deep homogeneous emitter. Applying the 0.5μm deep emitter and optimizing both front grid design and plating thickness we demonstrate efficiencies above 20% on 109 cells (average of 20.5%), with the best cell achieving 20.7% (externally confirmed by FhG-ISE CalLab).


Originally,Aesthetics is referred tosensibility.It's firstly transmitted to Eastern byJapanese scholar. dulcettheory written by Nishi Amaneis the first eastern aesthetices dissertation.Welon's aesthetics written by Nakae Chominis the first book in Japanese aesthetics.As a subject,Aesthetics experiences a rough course.Once It is named "good taste"for a long time,and it 's not formulated "aesthetics "until the Meiji dynasty.After thewar,It 's accepted by Chinese scholar who study in Japan.For example,Guowei Wang,Chen Lv,Xun Lu,Shoukang Fan and Wangdao Chen etc,they are the former translators and stylists in adavating aesthetics by writing Chinese aesthetics'books and paper Japanese aesthestics'study.


Background: PhysioNet provides the MIT-BIH Noise Stress Test Database, which consists of only two different clean ECG recordings for which realistic noise signals were added to the ECG in different signal-to-noise ratios (SNR). For the evaluation of the noise resistance of multisignal heart beat detectors this dataset is not sufficient. Methods: Our stress test is based on 100 clean records from the training dataset (set-p) of the Phys-ioNet/CinC Challenge 2014. Each record is composed of a different number of several biosignals (ECG, respiration, blood pressure). Multi-signal heart beat detectors were able to identify the heart beats easily without a predictive loss. We added noise to the 10 minute records using the nst-function of the WFDB Toolbox with SNR ranging from 24 to −6 dB. Since noise was added only between the 5th and 7th and after the 9th minute, clear segments can serve as learning periods. Results: The evaluation of the noise resistance of several top-scored multi-signal heart beat detectors includes the algorithms by Pangerc et al., Johnson et al., Hoog Antink et al., de Cooman et al. and Vollmer. The noise resistance is expressed as sensitivity and positive predictivity in noisy segments of the beat detection at different SNR levels. The most resistant algorithms were published by Hoog Antink and Vollmer. We are able to observe the effect of signal quality based constraints in the algorithms by Pangerc, Johnson and Vollmer, which mitigates a further decrease in the positive predictive value.


Medical systematic reviews play a vital role in healthcare decision making and policy. However, their production is time-consuming, limiting the availability of high-quality and up-to-date evidence summaries. Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) offer the potential to automatically generate literature reviews on demand, addressing this issue. However, LLMs sometimes generate inaccurate (and potentially misleading) texts by hallucination or omission. In healthcare, this can make LLMs unusable at best and dangerous at worst. We conducted 16 interviews with international systematic review experts to characterize the perceived utility and risks of LLMs in the specific context of medical evidence reviews. Experts indicated that LLMs can assist in the writing process by drafting summaries, generating templates, distilling information, and crosschecking information. They also raised concerns regarding confidently composed but inaccurate LLM outputs and other potential downstream harms, including decreased accountability and proliferation of low-quality reviews. Informed by this qualitative analysis, we identify criteria for rigorous evaluation of biomedical LLMs aligned with domain expert views.


A 21-year-old woman presented with the acute onset of foggy vision in her right eye and associated photophobia. She had a bulging, cloudy cornea and protrusion of the lower eyelid on downward gaze.


N-acryloyl-N-phenylthiourea (APTU) is synthesized by reacting acryloyl chloride with phenylthiourea in the presence of triethylamine (TEA) as a base and characterized by FT-IR, 1H-NMR and mass spectra. The acrylic polymers from different feed ratios of ethylacrylate (EA), methylmethacrylate (MMA), styrene (St) and APTU have been prepared by emulsion polymerization in water containing sodium lauryl sulfate as a surfactant and ammonium persulfate as a water-soluble radical initiator. The polymers are characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy. The solubility is tested in various polar and non-polar solvents. The molecular weight and polydispersity are determined using gel permeation chromatography (GPC).Thermal behavior of the prepared polymers is also investigated by thermogravimetrical analysis (TGA). The polymers are tested for their antimicrobial activities against selected microorganisms.


The learning to make the students active, fun, and develop the character's values need to be done. In reality, many students do not like Physics learning. The alternative solution that can be done is by applying  student worksheet which orientated to the genius learning strategy by integrating character's values. Purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of student worksheet  that orientated to the genius learning strategy by integrating character's values towards student's achievement in  Physics learning in grade X of Senior High School Adabiah Padang. This research was a quasi experiment research. Randomized control group only design was the model of this research. The population of this research was all the students of grade X Senior High School Adabiah Padang who registered in the second semester in the year of 2013/2014. Sample of this research was gotten by applying purposive sampling, two classes was choosen that was X6 as experiment class and X5 as control class. The instrument was test for cognitive domain, observation sheet for affective domain, and worksheet's assessment for psikomotor domain. The data analysis use compare mean test that was test t in the real level 0,05. The result of research showed that the mean of students in experiment class in each domain was higher than control class. It was the effect of using student worksheet that orientated tho the genius learning strategy by applying character's values towards student's achievement in learning Physics. It can be concluded that student worksheet which orientated to the genius learning strategy by applying character's values towards student's achievement in Physics learning was influential in teaching and learning process in grade X of SMA Adabiah Padang


China has proposed to reduce CO_2 emission per GDP 40%~45%in 2020.Power industry is not only the biggest energy consumption consumer,but also supply clean energy for other industries.The recent 10 years' energy consumption in China is analyzed,the fossil energy consumed in power industry is discussed in stress.Channel contribution to reduce emission and save energy are analyzed from internal and external aspects.


Purpose: This paper aims to analyze credit in the Indonesian banking construction sector empirically. Specifically, we examine whether economic conditions affect construction sector credit and how the response and diversity of construction sector credit in the face of economic shocks.
Methodology/approach: This article use monthly data on Indonesian banking credit from 2004 to 2022 using the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM).
Findings: The long-term effects of the economy on credit are shown by the results of the VECM research. The Impulse Response Function (IRF) results indicate that credit in the construction industry has both positive and negative effects. Forecast Error Variance Decomposition (FEVD) analysis shows that gross domestic product, crises, industrial price index, interest rates, exchange rates, and inflation affect credit diversity.
Practical implications: Banking credit is an essential component in meeting company needs. Banks need to consider several things in the distribution of credit to the construction sector, especially those that impact the long term.
Originality/value: This research provides a better understanding of how the construction sector credit can be affected by changing economic conditions, and how diverse credit responses and policies are in the face of such shocks.


Objective To find out the adverse reactions and prevention measures of intravenous administration of levofloxacin hydrochloride.Method It analyzed 37 cases of adverse reactions to levofloxacin hydrochloride by intravenous administration,and concluded the incidence and prevention effects.Results The incidence of adverse reactions to levofloxacin hydrochloride among 1 267 intravenous administration cases was 2.92%,including 2 cases of anaphylactic shock(0.16%),11 cases of gastrointestinal reaction(0.87%)and 8 cases of rash(0.63%).Conclusion The incidence of adverse reactions to levofloxacin hydrochloride by intravenous administration is relatively high.Selecting indication strictly and using it carefully for patients with allergic constitution are suggested.


OBJECTIVE: To summarize the basic and clinical anti-tumor researches of thalidomide among domestic and foreign countries.METHODS: In PubMed and CNKI databases,literatures were searched from 2000-01-01 to 2011-06-30 with the Key words "thalidomide,neoplasms".Inclusion criteria: 1) basic anti-tumor researches about thalidomide;2) clinical anti-tumor researches about thalidomide.According to inclusion criteria,a total of 33 literatures were selected.RESULTS: Thalidomide can inhibit tumor angiogenesis,up-regulate functions of T lymphocyte,induce tumor cells apoptosis,down-regulate expressions of the nuclear transcription factor-κB and the adhesion molecules of vascular endothelial cells,and so on.In Clinic,thalidomide often combines with chemotherapy,used in multiple myeloma,liver cancer,non-small cell lung cancer,small cell lung cancer,glioma,prostate cancer,malignant melanoma and other cancers.It has a certain adjuvant effect in these cancers;but on the treatments of the advanced esophageal cancer,advanced colorectal cancer and renal cell carcinoma with high risk of recurrence,thalidomide has no significant effect.Common side effects of thalidomide include fatigue,skin rash,lethargy,et al,and deep vein thrombosis is one of potentially serious side effect.CONCLUSION: For the most common malignant tumors,thalidomide has a role of adjuvant therapy,it may become a potentially valuable drug in tumor treatment,further study is worth doing.


Recent years,information technology has been widely used in the field of surveying and mapping,the research on CSCW takes out.But there are problems in it: project management does not adopt workflow technology at large,so the adaptability,agility and validity of the project management system are restricted.This paper studied the application of workflow to the subway measurement project.It carries out the research and analysis on workflow in the actual work and suggests the workflow design fit for Engineering Survey Management System.The framework uses a workflow model with 3-layer structure and B/S system and realizes and applies them to examples.In this paper,a scientific,modern,and orderly production management system is built based on workflow technology.The system integrates the management processes,graphics and data,makes the project management more fluid,resources exploitation more reasonable and quality control more guaranteed.


The testing technology of the thermal resistance of building envelope was discussed,and thermal performance of building envelope was analysed based on academic computing and experiment study,and then the result was gained.The optimum testing method was introduced based on experiment study,which provides proof for the design of the shape of air layers and hollowness of building block and makes the thermal performance achieve the demand of energy-saving 50% put forward by national standard.


Objectives:To compare 0.15 mmol/kg gadobutrol with 0.20 mmol/kg gadopentetate dimeglumine with regard to late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) of infarcted myocardium at magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Materials and Methods:Twenty patients with history of chronic myocardial infarction underwent 2 cardiac MR examinations at 1.5 Tesla. For the evaluation of myocardial infarction, late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) imaging was performed with an inversion recovery-prepared gradient-echo sequence 15 minutes after administration of either gadobutrol (r1 = 5.2 mmol−1s−1) or gadopentetate dimeglumine (r1 = 4.1 mmol−1s−1). The dose of the contrast agents was adjusted based on the relaxivity of both contrast agents. Hence, gadobutrol and gadopentetate dimeglumine were administered at 0.15 mmol/kg and 0.20 mmol/kg, respectively. Contrast-to-noise ratios (CNR) between infarcted myocardium and remote myocardium (CNRremote) and between infarcted myocardium and left ventricular lumen (CNRlumen) were assessed by 2 independent readers. Additionally, infarct size was assessed semiautomatically by using a threshold of 5 standard deviations above the mean signal intensity of remote myocardium. Results:Subendocardial or transmural LGE was present in 16 of 20 (80%) patients. The optimal inversion time for LGE imaging did not differ significantly between gadobutrol and gadopentetate dimeglumine (275 ± 21 milliseconds [range, 240–320 milliseconds] and 282 ± 23 milliseconds [range, 240–330 milliseconds], respectively; P = 0.32). The CNRremote after administration of gadobutrol (40.0 ± 4.6; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 30.3; 49.7) and gadopentetate dimeglumine (40.6 ± 4.6; 95% CI: 30.9; 50.3) did not show significant differences (P = 0.90), whereas gadobutrol yielded a significantly higher CNRlumen (6.2 ± 3.6; 95% CI: −1.5; 13.9) compared with gadopentetate dimeglumine (0.8 ± 3.6; 95% CI: −6.9; 8.5). Infarct size after administration of gadobutrol (23.7 ± 4.7 mL; 95% CI: 13.6; 33.7) and gadopentetate dimeglumine (23.7 ± 4.7 mL;95% CI: 13.7; 33.8) was not statistically different (P = 0.94). There was an excellent correlation between gadobutrol- and gadopentetate dimeglumine-enhanced assessment of infarct size (Spearman r = 0.99 and r = 0.97 for reader 1 and 2, respectively). Conclusion:This pilot study shows that 0.15 mmol/kg gadobutrol is an effective contrast agent for LGE imaging with better delineation of infarcted myocardium from left ventricular lumen than 0.20 mmol/kg gadopentetate dimeglumine.


The complete set of kinetic and equilibrium constants for the methoxide attachment to a series of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-arylthiopyrylium cations (aryl = X-C6H4 with X = p-N02, m-CI, p-C1, H, p-Me, p-OMe, p-NMe2) has been obtained
in MeOH at 25 OC. The reaction involves the kinetically controlled formation of both the corresponding 2H- and 4H-thiopyrans which equilibrate to form only the thermodynamically more stable 2H adduct. The observed kinetic patterns show that the rate-determining step is the combination of the nucleophile with the cations to give the adducts, thus disproving the views indicating the ion pair formation as the rate-determing step in anion-cation combination reactions. Moreover the experimental
data clearly indicate that the Leffler-Hammond postulate cannot be held valid for this class of reactions. The different selectivity observed for the methoxide attachment to the CY and y positions is explained on the basis of the different transmission efficiency
of the electronic substituent effects.


The syntheses of 1-pyrenyloxirane-3,6,8-3H1, 7, and its precursor, pyrene-1,3,6,8-3H1, 4, are described. The synthesis pathway includes a novel preparation of 4 from 1-pyrenyllithium and tritiated water in theoretical yield.


Abstract Concretions collected from Motunau and Glenafric Beaches, North Canterbury, New Zealand, have yielded a new genus and species of crab, Tongapapaka motunauensis of the xanthoid family Pseudoziidae and several specimens of the cancrid crab Metacarcinus novaezelandiae (Jacquinot in Jacquinot and Lucas), confirming its range from Miocene to Holocene. These beaches have yielded numerous specimens of decapod crustaceans, the lobsters and crabs, over the decades, and the composition of the decapod fauna suggests an offshore setting for the Greta Siltstone and Mt Brown Formation exposed at Motunau and Glenafric Beaches, respectively.


Aims: This study evaluates the effect of bilateral nephrectomy on the gastric emptying of a liquid meal. Methods: Male rats were submitted under anesthesia to cervical vessels cannulation and bilateral lumbar incision, followed or not by nephrectomy. Next day, they were gavage fed (1.5 mL) with phenol red (0.5 gmL−1) in 5% glucose solution and sacrificed 0, 10, 20, 30 or 45 min later. A blood sample was obtained for biochemical analysis while gastric dye retention was determined by spectrophotometry. Data (mean ± SEM) were compared by ANOVA and Student–Newman–Keuls tests. Results: Gastric emptying values from nephrectomy group at 10, 20, 30 and 45 min were lower (P<0.05) than those of sham-operated animals (22.0 ± 4.0 vs. 38.9 ± 6.1%, 34.1 ± 1.4 vs. 66.9 ± 1.3%, 45.5 ± 6.1 vs. 64.9 ± 5.4% and 59.7 ± 2.4 vs. 81.5 ± 4.0%, respectively). Mean arterial pressure, blood volume, serum osmolarity, urea, creatinine and potassium values were higher (P < 0.05) in nephrectomy group than in sham-operated animals (143.3 ± 2.7 vs. 100.5 ± 4.1 mmHg, 15.7 ± 0.9 vs. 8.9 ± 1.1 mL 100 g−1, 344.0 ± 10.8 vs. 299.4 ± 1.3 mOsm KgH2O−1, 344.0 ± 33.7 vs. 47.0 ± 2.8 mg dL−1, 3.6 ± 0.3 vs. 1.1 ± 0.1 mg dL−1, 6.4 ± 0.7 vs. 3.7 ± 0.2 mEq L−1, respectively). The plasmatic Na+ values did not change (139.3 ± 2.0 in sham-operation vs. 123.0 ± 7.5 mEq L−1 in nephrectomy). Conclusion: Acute loss of kidney function markedly delays the gastric emptying rates, which could be involved in gastrointestinal dysmotility complaints seen after renal failure.


This paper presents a case study in computer-assisted tolerancing with the configuration space method. We analyze part of a gear selector mechanism in an automotive automatic transmission. The model contains three complex parts with about one hundred functional parameters. The analysis, which takes less lhan a minute on a workstation, indicates that the critical kinematic variation occurs in third gear and identifies the parameters that cause the variation. The analysis program handles general planar systems of curved parts with contact changes, including open and closed kinematic chains. It computes the worst-case variation in the system kinematic function and detects potential failure modes due to unex.pected qualitative variations in function, such as jamming. It constructs configuration space models of the kinematic variations of the pairs in the system then derives the system variation by composing the pair models.


Data mining is a new type of information processing technology, through the analysis of massive data, to find hidden information, knowledge and trends. Cluster analysis is the most important data mining technology. The K-means algorithm is one of the more classic clustering algorithms, which optimizes the clustering results through step-by-step iteration. It has the advantages of reliable theory, simple implementation and fast convergence. Based on K-means clustering analysis method, this paper constructs a student biochemical index monitoring system, which provides reference for the formulation of students' physical health and development planning. The core work of this study is to build the mathematical model of K-means clustering analysis algorithm, design the conceptual structure and logical structure of the database, and complete the design of the student biochemical index cluster analysis software.


AbstractMauna Kea contains the world's largest astronomical observatory. The $1.4 billion Thirty-Meter Telescope (TMT) is an innovative, powerful device that will allow astronomers to study planeta...


SDN as a network architecture emerged on top of existing technologies and knowledge. Through defining the controller as a software program, SDN made a strong connection between networking and software engineering. Traditionally, network programs were vendor specific and embedded in hardware switches and routers. SDN focuses on isolation between control and forwarding or data planes. However, in the complete SDN network, there are many other areas (i.e. CPU, memory, hardware, bandwidth and software). In this paper, we propose extending SDN architecture and propose isolation layers with the goal of improving the overall network design. Such flexible architecture can support future evolution and changes without the need to significantly change original components or modules.


Lowell Goldsmith must be given credit for having the courage and determination to be the editor of a two-volume book on the physiology, biochemistry, and molecular biology of the skin. Everyone knows that the doubling time for advances in the biological sciences keeps getting shorter. It takes little time for a review on almost any topic to become out of date after it appears in print. Yet, Dr Goldsmith was able to gather over 100 authors, many of them outstanding in our specialty, to write more than 50 excellent chapters on subjects they know very well. Even though no one will sit down and read these books from beginning to end, it is wonderful to have them available as a reference and to appreciate the big picture of the basic biology of the skin. There is so much information in these two volumes, and much is well done with regard


A high-speed comparator constituted by a backgate-input latch and a pre-amplifier is proposed in this paper. Instead of using extra input transistors as in a classic StrongARM latch, the back-gate-input technique proposed in this paper obviates the need for extra input transistors in the latch stage, thus greatly reducing the parasitic capacitance and improving the comparator speed. Unlike the StrongARM latch where the amplification phase begins only after the CLK rises, the amplification phase in this paper begins before the CLK rises and replaces the reset phase, further improving the comparator speed. The pre-amplifier provides a gain of 22-dB, in order to suppress the input-referred noise and offset of the comparator. Designed in the same 22nm Silicon-on-Insulator (SOI) CMOS process for the proposed comparator and the conventional comparators, post-layout simulation results show that the performance in speed and input-referred noise are improved by 22% and 43%, respectively.


In this note the state trajectories and the optimal control resulting from a particular singular optimal control problem are studied. It is shown that the outer solution, in a singular perturbation approach, is a solution to a particular inverse system. This analysis allows to establish interesting relations with the exact output tracking control problem.


This study identifies the processes of urban renewal to occur following the conversion of the use of public space , the Bicentennial Park being the starting point for the beginning of this process, an analysis of the current state of the city of Quito takes place and its existing problems and through an analysis of references that are guiding the development of the urban proposal, a research area of intervention is done by analyzing the Bicentennial Special Plan , which covers the entire area of intervention, including ordinances , urban treatments, permitted land uses , etc. ; which will guide the choice of suitable land to implement the urban and architectural proposal to develop .


Through the current study we amplify the available literature on AMH (Adaptive Market Hypothesis) and calendar anomalies because this is the first study of its nature which links TOM effect with AMH which allows the behavior of conventional TOM-effect to swing over time. To fulfill the drive, study investigates daily mean return from PSX of Pakistan using data of 107 firms individually over a longer period of time ranging 1996-2015. To discover the time variation in the levels of predictability of TOM returns, study uses four different sub-samples covering identical length of observations of five years each to investigate how TOM effect has performed over time. There are few studies in the literature investigating TOM effect at firm level and very rare studies examining TOM effect through (AMH), so the current study may be of importance and interest to finance researcher, academicians and practitioners alike. To elucidate the volatility and its varying nature, the study applies GARCH (1,1) regression model which enables for time-variation in volatility of security returns. Kruskal-Wallis test-statistic is used to handle non normality in the equity return series. We find that with the passage of time performance of TOM effect evolves, consistent and aligned with the assertion of AMH. Finally, this study exhibits that behavior of TOM effect is well elucidated by Adaptive Market Hypothesis (AMH) than conventional Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH). The results may be used for better decision making for investors and the article complements studies on market efficiency and TOM effect in developing and developed countries.


Slope field is a product of contradiction between population and natural resources due to low productivity in mountain regions. Its an important agricultural resource and is becoming the main source of water and soil loss to red soil and yellow Soil because of unreasonable reclamation or even plunderedlike management in South China. This paper systematically analyzed the main obstacle factors in harnessing and developing slope field in Hunan Province. Based on tenyears theoretical and practical achievement, the principles and models were stated about the harnessing and developing slope field. More studies were stated about the technical ways and measures on how to prevent water and soil loss, resist seasonal drought, improve soil fertility, accelerate the process of agricultural industrialization, build up healthy investing and urging mechanisms.


The invention provides a primary side control constant current realizing circuit which is suitable for being driven by a light-emitting diode (LED) so as to eliminate an optical coupler and a separation operational amplifier in the traditional constant current realizing circuit. For a chip working in a discontinuous mode, an output voltage is directly sampled in an auxiliary winding of a transformer by adopting a primary side control technology, time of a fly-wheel diode at an output end and the working period of a chip are sampled by using a circuit, and constant current is realized by setting a ratio of two times as a constant, wherein the primary side control constant current realizing circuit comprises a current reference generating module, a current mirror module, a module for acquiring discharge time of an output diode, a module for acquiring the working period of the chip and a comparator module. The current reference generating module generates current reference, the current mirror module images different currents for charging two capacitors, the two capacitors are respectively used for acquiring the discharge time and the working period of the fly-wheel diode, and the constant current is realized by opening a power switching tube when voltages of the two capacitors are equal.


The importance of degradation analysis as a method of assessing the reliability of highly reliable components and systems constantly increases due to the continuous efforts of the manufacturers to produce more and more reliable products. The presented methodology is an effective way to estimate the system's reliability by monitoring performance degradation. Its advantage is that the times to failure are not directly observed but the degradation that can be accurately measured. Consequently, the test time can be significantly shorter than if the times to failure are recorded.


Water Quality Index (WQI) condenses the
information from numerous water quality
parameters into a simpler version which can be used
to appraise and compare water quality data from
number of sites as well as to look at trends of water
quality over a period of time from a single site.
WQI is means for simplifying the reporting
detailed water quality assessment and providing
meaningful summaries of overall water quality and
its trends. It also creates an output that is easy
understand for managers and non-technical public.


Through the study of Bernardo Fernandez!s novel "Tiempo de Alacranes" and Gabriel Trujillo!s "Puesta en escena", and based on Michel Foucault!s ideas on the relations of power, this study goes though the ways these join together in Mexican narcotraffic. In this sense, the article backs-up the idea that the relations of power are based on two concepts: practice of strategies and mobility.


Abst rac t . This paper presents a new approach for learning general knowledge in a diagnostic case-based system through the use of a neural network. We take advantage of the self-adapting nature of the neural network to discover the most relevant features and combination of features for each diagnosis considered. The knowledge acquired by the network is interpreted and mapped into symbolic diagnosis descriptors, which are kept and used by the case-based system to guide its reasoning process, to retrieve cases from a case library and to build explanations. The neural network used in the learning process was the Combinatorial Neural Model, a network that has been combined with other symbolic approaches previously. The paper presents the method used to interpret the knowledge learned in the neural network, as well as the guidelines followed by the reasoning process of the CBR system. An initial experiment in clinical psychology is also reported, where the case-based model introduced here was used to learn and represent the psychological profile of patients in evaluation for heart transplant.


Study of cycle-by-cycle variations of a spark ignition engine fueled with natural gas/hydrogen blends was investigated.Natural gas/hydrogen blends with hydrogen volumetric fraction in the fuel blends of 0%,12%,23%,30% and 40% were experimentally studied.The effect of hydrogen addition on the cycle-by-cycle variations of the natural gas engine operation was analyzed.The results showed that the maximum pressure rise,the maximum rate of pressure rise and the indicated mean effective pressure increased and their corresponding cycle-by-cycle variations decreased with the increase of hydrogen fraction in the blends under lean mixture condition.The above parameters and their corresponding crank angles show the higher inter-dependency with the increase of hydrogen fraction at lean mixture operation.The coefficient of variation of the indicated mean effective pressure(COVimep) maintained at the low level under stoichiometric and relatively rich mixture operation while it decreased with the increase of hydrogen fraction under lean mixture operation.The corresponding excessive air ratio at COVimep=10% would extend to the leaner mixture with the increase of hydrogen fraction and this indicated that the stable lean limit of natural gas engine could be extended with hydrogen addition.


Bretschneider's solution HTK is the most widely used cardioplegic solution in Germany. Although this solution has been used for twenty years now, the mechanism of action of some of its components are not completely known.Based on the history of the development of the HTK solution, this article reviews the unanswered questions and offers hypotheses about the action of tryptophan and α-ketoglutarate to be tested by simple pharmacologic experiments.


BACKGROUND
Lactobacillus plantarum, a common species of lactic acid bacterial, is used to improve flavor of traditional fermented food. Under salt stress, different strains of L. plantarum can respond differently. In this work, proteomics and bioinformatics analysis of L. plantarum strains (ATCC14917, FS5-5, and 208) grown under salt stress (240 g L-1 NaCl) were investigated based on iTRAQ .

RESULTS
Although 171 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were observed, only 44, 57 and 112 DEPs were identified in three strains, respectively. There were 33, 191 and 179 specific DEPs ATCC14917 vs FS5-5, 208 vs FS5-5 and 208 vs ATCC14917 in 240 g L-1 NaCl. These DEPs indicate that three strains from pickles, fermented soybean paste and fermented milk may have different salt stress responses. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that most DEPs observed were involved in protein biosynthesis, nucleotide metabolism, and sugar metabolism. 26 significantly different DEPs that were possibly associated with salt response were selected and further analyzed for gene expression level and pattern by RT-qPCR. Pyk and CsdA had similar expression pattern in all three strains; GadA expression was up-regulated in FS5-5 and significantly up-regulated in 208; RpoA was down-regulated in FS5-5 but up-regulated in 208.

CONCLUSIONS
These results also showed that the salt stress response of 208 may involve higher numbers of genes compared to other strains. This research provides a theoretical basis for improvement of salt tolerance of L. plantarum in industrial production. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


A project to upgrade the A92 from Dundee to Arbroath, Scotland is described. The road had a higher than average accident rate due to a number of severe bends. Angus County Council selected a PFI scheme. The contract was awarded to Claymore Roads, formed by construction company Morgan Sindall and Barclays Bank's European Infrastructure Fund for the design, build, operate and finance contract. The concession will run for 30 years. The main construction work is being conducted by Morgan Est, with design by FaberMaunsell. The project includes dualling of 19km of the main road and the construction of culverts, farm underpasses, smaller bridges and one major overbridge. The overbridge was constructed top down by excavating only for the abutments. Construction was relatively simple, consisting of creating a new carriageway and switching traffic between the carriageways to allow for earthmoving and transferring the services. Billy and Ian Beattie were subcontractors for the shuttering and Chalmers were subcontractors for the steelwork. The surfacing, using a thin layer Durafelt asphalt, was completed by Ennstone Thistle.


Creole languages have mostly resulted from interactions between Europeans and subordinated peoples amid colonization, trade, and imperialism. Given that the creation of these languages was usually driven as much by adults as children, second-language acquisition has a larger effect upon creole language structures than it does under most other conditions of language change and contact. Namely, it has traditionally been supposed that creole languages begin as makeshift pidgin varieties, expanded from this into full languages. However, various creolists have proposed that most creoles did not in fact emerge in this way; some argue that creoles are relexifications of indigenous languages, while others argue that nothing distinguishes creole genesis from language contact more generally.


The pretreated sugarcane bagasse (SCB) could be directly degraded by a designed co-culture system with Clostridium thermocellum and Thermoanaerobacterium aotearoense for biological hydrogen and ethanol production, and the production was remarkably improved by CaCO3 supplementation. Here, the effects of CaCO3 concentration (10~100 mM) on the production of hydrogen and ethanol were investigated. Under the optimal CaCO3 concentration of 40 mM, the hydrogen production reached 87.56±4.08 mmol/L from 2% pretreated SCB with a yield of 4.38 mmol H2/g SCB, an 88.62% increase over the culture without added CaCO3 (46.42±1.22mmol/L, 2.32 mmol H2/g SCB). Additionally, the maximum ethanol concentration reached 10.60±0.81 mM, a 192.82% increase over the control (3.62±0.14 mM). The stimulatory effect of CaCO3 on biodegradation of SCB was primarily ascribed to the buffering capacity of CO32-.This study developed a novel strategy to improve SCB biodegradation for biofuel production.


Based on summary for the number,thickness and distribution of coal beds as well as coal accumulation characteristics and coal-bearing structures pattern,the paper analyzes the propective of coal resources in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and suggests that future coal industry development should target the Junggar Basin,the Turpan-Hami basin,the Yili basin and the north Tarim basin.


The invention provides a self-programming tyre pressure monitoring device and a realization method. The realization method of the self-programming tyre pressure monitoring device comprises the steps of prestoring various format codes, and selecting the corresponding format codes according to a guide code generated by the self-programming tyre pressure monitoring device. The self-programming tyre pressure monitoring device comprises a code input unit for generating the guide code, a microcontroller unit for prestoring the various format codes, and selecting the corresponding format codes according to the guide code, a radio frequency emission unit for transmitting data from the microcontroller unit in a specific radio frequency, and a sensor unit for collecting external data and transmitting the collected external data to the microcontroller unit. According to the device and the method, an external tool is not required, the operation is simple, only a few data packets are transmitted every time, the service life of a battery can be greatly prolonged, and more formats and contents can be stored, so that an inventory level of a dealer is significantly reduced.


In recent years,more and more graduates are under employment pressure.And in the employment market,there even exists a challenging imbalance that the graduate employment rate is lower than that of the undergraduates,which has aroused widespread concern of the governments and the public.In this article,the authors have first analyzed the current situation of the graduate employment,and then have had a discussion on the problems facing the graduates and finally have put forward some suggestions to solve such problems.


The need for rehabilitation of reinforced concrete structures is rapidly increasing. Until now, for rehabilitation was used steel that was glued on concrete surface. This technology is now abandoned. Products of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) are being used instead. FRP system is integrated system based on carbon fibers and epoxy resign. Strengthening is achieved as for composite elements, gluing lames on structural elements. In paper is presented integrated concept of rehabilitation of concrete bridge with spans 20.13+2x20.5+20.13 meters. Bearing structure is composed (transversally) of 5 beams with hollow openings. Beams are prestressed adhesively and additional transversally on site. Concrete used is MB40, prestressed with cables 12.4 mm and additionally reinforced with reinforced steel. Columns are made of concrete MB35. Identification of structure damage and the exploration activities are explained. Characteristics of FRP system are presented. The proposal for bridge rehabilitation is shown. Paper shows that FPR system can be used for rehabilitation and strengthening of concrete and prestressed structures. It can also be used for metal and wooden structures.


In this paper, we investigate short sale constraints' impact on the incidence of extreme stock market movements. The latter can be used to proxy for the likelihood of tail events like crashes and bubbles in a market and, thus, is a crucial measure of stock market stability. Since crashes and bubbles are, almost by definition, unpredictable, we, unlike scarce prior research which relies on simple descriptive statistics, address only the component of the return which hits investors unexpectedly. To this end, we rely on long lasting short selling regimes in 3 Asian markets which, unlike the short-lived bans analyzed in existing studies, provide us with a setting to consistently estimate sophisticated time series models for the market return. Our evidence suggests that, during some market phases, short sale restrictions lead to an increased kurtosis of pricing errors which, in turn, indicates a higher probability for tail events.


Antoni Paul, Kerry W.S. Ko, Lan Li, Vijay Yechoor, Mark A. McCrory, Alexander J. Szalai and Deficient Mice − C-Reactive Protein Accelerates the Progression of Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E Print ISSN: 0009-7322. Online ISSN: 1524-4539 Copyright © 2004 American Heart Association, Inc. All rights reserved. is published by the American Heart Association, 7272 Greenville Avenue, Dallas, TX 75231 Circulation doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000114526.50618.24 2004;109:647-655; originally published online January 26, 2004; Circulation. http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/109/5/647 World Wide Web at: The online version of this article, along with updated information and services, is located on the