Fault diagnosis can provide a basic guarantee for safe operation of industrial equipment. Deep learning has attracted much attention from experts in the field of fault diagnosis because of its powerful feature representation ability. But traditional deep learning methods cannot well extract common feature from multi-source heterogeneous data which is the inherent character of the monitored object. Using only one kind of heterogeneous data for deep learning fault diagnosis will inevitably result in poor diagnosis accuracy. Aiming at this problem, this article proposes a deep common feature extraction method by designing a fusion network with alternating optimization mechanism. The rough features extracted independently from two kinds of heterogeneous data are used to train the designed fusion network in an alternative optimization way. A new loss function required by alternative optimization is established; thus, all the networks can be tuned globally. The deep common features of multi-source heterogeneous data can be well extracted by alternating optimization training process of the fusion network, which improves the accuracy of deep learning fault diagnosis method. Experiments for rolling bearings fault diagnosis testify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.


While some studies indicate no denitrification activity in early spring, others have demonstrated that denitrifiers from temperate region soils can adapt to low temperatures. The aim of the present paper was to study how seasonal changes in temperature affect denitrifying enzyme activity (DEA) in a cropped humic gleysol located in a cold temperate climate (Quebec). Soil was sampled monthly during a 16-mo period and DEA was measured at nine temperatures from 2 to 35°C. A seasonal effect of temperature on DEA was significant at all incubation temperatures and was more important in November and in May–June. The effect of temperature on DEA was better fitted with the square root model of Ratkowsky than with the Arrhenius equation. The regression coefficient b (Ratkowsky parameter) varied seasonally with a trend similar to that of DEA. These results show that the Ratkowsky model should be used instead of Arrhenius equation to describe the effect of cold temperature on denitrification. Key words: Denitrificatio...


Twenty-four derivatives of ursolic acid modified at C3 and C28 were designed and synthesized for the investigation of the structure-activity relationship of ursolic acid(1) against angiogenesis.All the com-pounds were characterized by 1H NMR,13C NMR,MS and HR-MS.HUVEC was used as an angiogenesis tar-get cell and A549,Bel-7402 and MCF-7 were as cancer target cells and the antiproliferative activity was as-sayed by MTT method.The results show that compounds 5,9,12e and 14e possess the selectively antiprolif-erative activity of HUVEC,meanwhile,compounds 12a and 13h are more active than compound 1 against the proliferation of HUVEC.Therefore,it is possible that more potent and selective angiogenesis inhibitors of ur-solic acid derivatives could be discovered by suitable modification at C28 position of ursolic acid.These data suggest that ursolic acid and its derivatives represent a promising lead structural core to discover a new class of antiangiogenesis agents.


The aim of this work is to highlight the impact of the leach ate generated by the uncontrolled discharge of El Mechmes in El Harrouch (Skikda) on the quality of water resources and the environment. As part of this work, components in leach ate collection of underground and surface water have been carried out monthly since 2011 on nearly 20 points downstream and at the landfill site. The results obtained show a significant pollutant load carried by leach ate discharge (BOD5 = 880mg / l), (COD = 1185.6 mg O2 / l), (pH = 9), they also show a significant qualitative degradation of water and soil resources.


Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of two immediate dentin sealing protocols including sealed dentin surface refreshment with air abrasion versus sealed dentin surface refreshment with pumice on tensile bond strength of ceramic restoration material. Materials and methods: Twenty extracted human molars were used. The prepared teeth were randomly divided into two groups according to the surface refreshment method into group (C): Air abrasion using Cojet and group (P) using pumice slurry. Twenty ceramic discs were sliced into standard thickness of 2mm ceramic slices. The teeth were immediately sealed using single bond universal adhesive it was then covered using a layer of provisional filling material directly after cutting. The provisional filling was then removed and dentin was cleaned using either airborne-particle abrasion (CoJet, 3M ESPE) (Group (C) or Pumice (group (P). The specimens in each group were then thermo-cycled and tensile bond strength test was done, using Universal Testing Machine. One-way ANOVA was used to study the effect of different tested variables and their interaction. Results: Samples done using air abrasion with Cojet, showed higher tensile bond strength than those using pumice. Conclusions: Immediate dentin sealing treatment would be recommended within high tensile stresses, when surface refreshment done by air abrasion to the tooth structure.


Abstract Translation in China has often been done in the service of ideology. This has affected not only the choice of text, but also translation strategies, as can be seen in a number of examples where the source texts were tampered with. However, mainstream translation poetics has always been concerned with the establishment of faithfulness as the overriding criterion for all translations, as if translation should or can be insulated from the interference of socio‐cultural factors and the purpose of translation. In recent decades this poetics has exerted pressure on translators to adopt conservative strategies where linguistic rather than ideological considerations are involved. This has led to three apparent contradictions: between theory and practice of translation, between the position of translated literature in the literary polysystem and its behaviour, and between the criterion of faithfulness and the need to serve ideology; but ultimately it has served to maintain the illusion of accuracy for the...


Pathways, and adolescent family life demostration program at St. Ann's Infant and Maternity Home in Hyattsville, Maryland, which initiated activities in March, 1983, served 268 clients in its 1st year. 59% were 17 years of age or under. A 5-year grant from the Department of Health and Human Services Office of Adolescent Pregnancy Programs provided for residential care for pregnant adolescents lacking family to assist them in the last phase of pregnancy; a day program offering accredited educational services and community vocational resources, training in parenting skills, individual and family counseling, and prenatal care for teenagers; an aftercare residence for adolescent mothers and their infants with an intensive program of vocational and parenting education; and a community outreach program offering health care, counseling, family life education, adoption, and other services. The program differs from previous programs at St. Ann's in 5 main ways: 1) substantial care is available to teenage mothers after delivery 2) educational services have been expanded for mothers living at home and attending during the day 3) a more comprehensive counseling program with more intensive family focus in included 4) the program is raching out into the community with a range of services to adolescents seeking assistance, regardless of race, religion, or financial status, and 5) an evluation program has been developed to monitor the operating program, the adolescents receiving services, and their children. The National Center for Family Studies at the Catholic University of America has assisted in staff training and service delivery design. Follow-up studies on clients who have left the program are only beginning. Counseling plans are formulated to fit individual needs, but all residents participate in group therapy sessions led by a psychiatrist and social worker. The infants' fathers and the adolescents' parents recieve services when possible. Although the grant finances the basic program, additional funds are contributed by foundations, United Way, program service fees, and public agencies. Client fees are based on a sliding scale which ranges from 30-100% of the acutal cost of care. Maximum enrollment in the program is 8 mothers and babies in the Aftercare Program, 25 adolescents in the residential program, 10-16 in the day programs, and 40-50 in the coumunity outreach program.


Aims:  The hypothetical dithiolopyrrolone biosynthetic pathway includes a final step of pyrrothine nucleus acylation. The presence of an enzymatic activity catalysing this reaction was investigated in Saccharothrix algeriensis NRRL B‐24137. To understand the effect exerted by organic acids on the level of dithiolopyrrolone production, their influence on enzymatic expression was studied.


Introduction of electronic registration of university enrollment management is the inevitable choice in the new situation.The article makes an analysis of the status and problems of electronic registration in universities,and explores the advantages of the electronic registration from the technical and management level,as well as the role of electronic registration of college management.Based on the above,the article offers some suggestions on how to improve the software and hardware environment of electronic registration in college.


In this work, the long‐term stability for inverted organic solar cells (OSCs) using a poly(3‐hexylthiophene‐2, 5‐diyl):[6, 6]‐phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester blend and a low‐temperature ZnO buffer layer processed from aqueous solution is investigated. The same devices with ZnO buffer layers annealed at different temperatures have been sequentially stored in an air‐N2–air environment and tested during 4320 h. It is found that the devices with ZnO annealed at 80 and 100 °C show good stability in three periods of air, N2, and air conditions, the degradation of power conversion efficiency (PCE) shows similar tendency to that of short circuit current density with relatively steady open circuit voltage and fill factor. For devices with 70 °C annealed ZnO buffer layer, their PCE climbs up and then declines in the first period. Interestingly, at the beginning of third period, an improvement of photovoltaic parameters for most devices is observed from statistical results, which may be related to the change of oxygen concentration in devices and oxygen desorption in light soaking. In short, all devices show a relatively good stability and the simple ZnO deposition method is a promising technique in fabricating inverted OSCs and flexible devices with long lifetime.


In situ Fourier transform infrared (FTIR)-attenuated total reflection (ATR) spectroscopy and linear dichroism (LD) analysis were used to characterize the Gibbs' surface excess (Γ) and molecular orientation (ϑ, mean tilt from the interface normal) of sodium 4-n-octylbenzenesulfonate (SOBS), sodium 4-n-decylbenzenesulfonate (SDeBS), and purified sodium 4-n-dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDoBS) adsorbed at the Al2O3/water interface. The Γ values were confirmed by the solution depletion method. The ϑ values were determined separately for the phenyl rings, alkyl chains, and SO3- head groups. Thin films (150−220 nm) of Al2O3 on the surface of ZnSe IR internal reflection elements allowed in situ IR ATR adsorption measurements on a model hydrophilic solid from the near IR to 950 cm-1. Both Γ and ϑ for SOBS and SDeBS were insensitive to ionic strength, but were slightly sensitive to pH and temperature. The crystal structure of SOBS·1/2H2O was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and compared with polarized sin...


Magnetic fields correlated on kiloparsec scales are seen in spiral galaxies. Their origin could be due to amplification of a small seed field by a turbulent galactic dynamo. We review the current status of the galactic dynamo, especially the constraints imposed by magnetic helicity conservation. We estimate the minimal strength of the large-scale magnetic field which could arise inspite of the helicity constraint.


The article deals with the issues of risk management of electronic components incoming inspection processes. Scientific and technical proposals for the use of such tools as quality function deployment and axiomatic design are developed. These suggestions either separately or together with known methods of selecting suppliers would allow reducing risks of using inauthentic materials and components in production. The use of effective tools to control the authenticity of components, allows to minimize security risks, increase consumer confidence, to ensure the security of the supply chain. Methods for detecting inauthentic electronic components are still in their early stages of development, and there are many serious challenges that need to be addressed to improve the effectiveness of known anti-counterfeiting techniques. Better methods are needed to avoid the widespread introduction of inauthentic products into life-support systems.


DARPA, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency from the United States, has started the Spectrum Collaboration Challenge with the aim to encourage research and development of coexistence and collaboration techniques of heterogeneous networks in the same wireless spectrum bands. Team SCATTER has been participating in the challenge since its beginning, back in 2016. SCATTER's open-source software defined physical layer (SCATTER PHY) has been developed as a standalone application, with the ability to communicate with higher layers through a set of well defined messages (created with Google's Protocol buffers) and that exchanged over a ZeroMQ bus. This approach allows upper layers to access it remotely or locally and change all parameters in real time through the control messages. SCATTER PHY runs on top of USRP based software defined radio devices (i.e., devices from Ettus or National Instruments) to send and receive wireless signals. It is a highly optimized and real-time configurable SDR based PHY layer that can be used for the research and development of novel intelligent spectrum sharing schemes and algorithms. The main objective of making SCATTER PHY available to the research and development community is to provide a solution that can be used out of the box to devise disruptive algorithms and techniques to optimize the sub-optimal use of the radio spectrum that exists today. This way, researchers and developers can mainly focus their attention on the development of smarter (i.e., intelligent algorithms and techniques) spectrum sharing approaches. Therefore, in this paper, we describe the design and main features of SCATTER PHY and showcase several experiments performed to assess the effectiveness and performance of the proposed PHY layer.


As a high-order statically indeterminate structure, long-span cable-stayed bridges usually consist of many components such as main towers, stay cables, main beams, auxiliary piers, and connecting piers. Due to the mutual influence between components under earthquakes, the accurate simulations of the correlations among component seismic responses are critical to the vulnerability assessment of the overall system of a cable-stayed bridge. Pair Copula can simulate the correlation between two components. It is theoretically feasible to use Pair Copula in a hierarchically iterated way to simulate the whole system of a cable-stayed bridge. Therefore, a new seismic vulnerability assessment method of a cable-stayed bridge system is proposed based on Pair Copula iterative model. Based on structural uncertainty parameters and ground motion uncertainty, Latin hypercube sampling technique is used to establish bridge-ground motion probabilistic seismic response analysis samples. The correlations among the seismic responses of components are quantified through nonlinear dynamic time history and correlation analysis. Pair Copula models are fitted with maximum likelihood estimation and optimized based on AIC and BIC criteria. Through the hierarchical iteration of Pair Copulas, the overall model of a cable-stayed bridge is established, and its seismic vulnerability is evaluated. The engineering example shows that the correlation among multiple components can be accurately simulated based on the technology of hierarchical iteration of Pair Copula. With the assumption that the seismic responses of components are completely unrelated, the seismic vulnerability of a whole cable-stayed bridge system will be significantly overestimated.


The discovery in the Qumran Hebrew scrolls of single readings and fragments that are close to the lxx was an unexpected phenomenon that would be of major importance for several aspects of the text-critical analysis of the Hebrew and Greek Bibles. The idea that we would ever get close to the Hebrew texts from which the Greek translation was rendered had never entered anyone's mind. Had scholars been asked where to look for such scrolls, they would have been divided between ancient Israel and Egypt.


Some nurses promote the development of nursing by publishing articles, undertaking research or giving talks. They stick their heads above the parapet, but are often treate das outcasts by colleagues, who ridicule their work or accuse them of being self-promoting.


Sixteen species of Ustilaginomycetes from Inner Mongolia,China,are reported.These smut fungi belong to such genera as Anthracoidea,Floromyces,Sporisorium,Thecaphora and Tranzscheliella.Among them,Thecaphora as well as Th.amaranthi,Th.seminis-convolvuli,Th.trailii,Sporisorium modestum,S.montaniense and Tranzscheliella williamsii,are newly reported in Inner Mongolia.In addition,Calystegia and seven species plants are newly reported host plants in China.The studied specimens are deposited at the Mycological Herbarium of Chifeng College,Inner Mongolia,China(CFSZ).


Cedrus atlantica M. stands from the Middle Atlas Mountains in Morocco have been severely affected by dieback. The edaphic water deficit could be the cause that triggered this phenomenon leading to the mortality of dying trees. The objective of this work is to analyze the ecophysiological behavior of Atlas cedar seedlings subjected to an edaphic drought of progressive intensity. During the drying cycle, the relative moisture content of the substrate decreased significantly to reach 12.71% at the end of the test; 4.27% and 2.88% respectively for the basaltic, calcareous, and sandy substrate. The pre-dawn water potential reached very low values of -32.25, -37.38, and -39.50 bar at the end of the water drying cycle. The critical water potential varied between -36 and -39 bar depending on the type of substrate. The mean maximum stomatal conductance under favorable water conditions was of the order of 330 mmol/m2/s. It was reduced, due to drying, in proportion to the reduction in substrate moisture content. Atlas cedar maintains gas exchange under conditions of severe water stress but can be lethal with extreme and recurrent droughts. This behavior can explain the development of the phenomenon of cedar stand decline, which is more accentuated especially with adverse ecological conditions.


In this work elements of existing eigenmode identification analysis techniques are combined to yield an improved technique for the extraction of mode numbers in toroidal plasmas. The technique, which involves fitting Fourier-time and Fourier-spatial basis functions to magnetic perturbation data, uses singular value decomposition (SVD) to provide an optimal fit across a realistic subset of the full Fourier transform basis and selects the spatial basis with the least solution residue. The method yields best-fit mode numbers, mode amplitudes and phase. A stochastic analysis provides a null-test, yielding the probability that Gaussian noise would produce the same residue of the fit or mode amplitude. The technique quantifies eigenmode mode fits in toroidally confined magnetic systems. Our approach improves upon earlier techniques in that the frequency or mode number of degenerate modes are resolved, all magnetic coil information is used synchronously, wave-train averaging is performed, and a quantitative measure of fit is generated. In turn, weak magnetic signals with long coherence time, and eigenmodes which are degenerate in mode number or frequency are resolved, and the mode fit statistically quantified by comparison with noise. The latter measure enables automated rejection or acceptance of the mode fit, obtained by comparing the probability of the null hypothesis to the 1% confidence level. Convolution of the frequency-resolved mode amplitudes and residues with a Gaussian is used to improve the confidence of identification, reducing scatter at the expense of frequency resolution. Finally, the method is applied to magnetic fluctuation data from the mega Ampere spherical tokamak outboard Mirnov array for high frequency acquisition (OMAHA) in order to analyse strong low-frequency activity and weaker high frequency Alfvénic activity.


We propose "PPRAM-Link": a new high-speed communication standard for merged-DRAM/logic SoC architecture. The PPRAM-Link standard is composed of physical/logical layers and an API for the upper software layer, which are standardized by the PPRAM Consortium. We developed a PPRAM-Link Interface IP family, or 'PLIF Core" that realizes logical protocols necessary for subaction-level communications, and it can be applied to various applications. In addition, we designed an FPGA-based PCI-to-PPRAM-Link board for inter-PC/WS communications.


With the development of Mass Customization,the marketing mode will unceasingly innovates from the angle of marketing innovation.Although there has had a few studies about the Mass Customized Marketing in the theory circle,but a complete system about marketing mode under the Mass Customization has not been proposed.This paper attempts to unify Mass Customization theory and the marketing management thought to construct the complete system of marketing mode,and divides it into three stages: marketing preparation,realization and control system,and clarifies it concretely.


The Chitwan Irrigation Project ICIP) is a huge irrigation undertaking which started in 1974 with a loan for US$ 19.5 millions signed by the Asian Development Bank IADB) and HMGN. The project comprises three schemes covering an estimated area of 12,000 hectares (ha). Big projects like this have been criticized for not being able to ensure timely, reliable, and adequate supplies of irrigation water, and have been blamed for not being able to reduce the farmers' production r isks .


Smoking and exercise are among those changeable behaviors with a great impact on health. Both of them are capable of producing the addictive behavior by producing the rewarding effect and stimulating the pleasure and reward pathways in the brain. There are some studies reporting the increased levels of dopamine which enhance mood in humans in smokers and those who regular exercises . On the other hand, smoking and exercise can have direct adverse effect on arteries and blood vessels, lipid profiles and cholesterol plaque 5, 6,7, . Recent studies suggest that Cigarette smoking may be involved in the development of of total cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and also the decrease in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) 10) while the positive effects of exercise has well been proven in the mentioned factors. Since, interventions to reduce harmful effects of smoking have focused on the use of pharmaceutical drugs, thus, there is a need to expand the range of potentially effective strategies to reduce the harmful effects of tobacco in smokers who are unable or unwilling to quit. Acta Medica Mediterranea, 2017, 33: 597


Locoregional bridging treatments are commonly applied in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) prior to liver transplantation to prevent tumor progression during waiting time. It remains unknown whether pre‐transplant radioembolization treatment may increase the prevalence of hepatic artery and biliary complications post‐transplant.


Multi-user communication scenarios, have almost exclusively focussed on the situation in which all users share a common symbol rate 1/T. However, future multi-media services will require that users with different (and possibly time-varying) data rates share a common transmission channel. We consider the problem of optimizing a multi-user receiver when the users transmit with different symbol rates. The problem of optimizing the transmitter pulse shaping filters for each user assuming different transmitted symbol rates is also considered. We assume the minimum mean squared error (MMSE) performance criteria.


An investigation of the surface influence on superconducting parameters (critical temperature and upper critical magnetic field) of the metallic superlattices is made. The dependence of the critical temperature on superlattice parameters (distance L between the layers with better superconducting properties and distance D between the former from these layers and surface) is obtained. The temperature dependence of the upper critical field parallel and perpendicular to the superlattice surface is found for different ratio between L and D. The dependence of the critical parameters on number n of the layers of the superlattice is calculated. It is shown that the surface of the metallic superlattice induced superconducting state contrary to that of homogeneous superconductors.

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Background: As a trailblazing initiative of corporate social responsibility and sustainable development, corporate philanthropy tends to bring new concepts of innovative services through a corporate foundation. Through Corporate Social Initiatives (CSIs), shareholders encourage new models beyond the statutory requirements for implementation of CSR. The arguments of proponents are strong enough to state that long-term profits are increased while operating in CSR perspective. The current study is an extension of this theory with a hypothetical view that due to insurability and non-durability, life demands more than the profit earning. The main objective of this paper is to conduct complete action research by emphasizing the role of CSI in Entrepreneurial Global Success and to eradicate extremism and violence in developing countries. Methods: We have shared the practical experience of three vital organizations of a developing country Pakistan where poverty and unemployment are the major challenges both for government and the nation. Showing the examples of concrete CSR practices, this study turned to the situation of Pakistan Stock Market due to its relevance with the proposal of introducing nonprofit organizations from the for-profit organizations as to moderate the relationship of CSI with two dependent variables. Findings: Critical analysis of nonprofit institutions shows that all the not-for-profit firms are not fulfilling the real cause of CSR. This makes service innovation as another moderator in our hypothetical model. We have prescribed the model for testing the hypotheses through the empirical support of 220 firms. Conclusion: Present study is a substantial step towards social contribution for stability. According to the planning, we expect additional theoretical and practical findings for Corporate managers through proposed empirical research.


Background The KEY current clinical question in acute stroke management is whether a treatment policy of modern intra-arterial thrombectomy (IAT) added to IV thrombolysis (IVT) improve clinical outcomes over IVT alone. If the answer is yes and it applies to most patients with large vessel occlusive stroke, then the implications for acute stroke care and health services are enormous. Methods PISTE is a UK based prospective, randomised controlled multicentre parallel group trial (PROBE design) of adjunctive modern mechanical thrombectomy (stentrievers with use of conscious sedation where possible) compared with intravenous thrombolysis in patients with acute ischaemic stroke due to an occluded anterior circulation major intracranial vessel. Concealed allocation. Funded by grant from the Stroke Association with some support from industry. Angiographic secondary outcomes will be blinded to allocation and independently adjudicated. Abstract E-001 Table 1 Primary outcome mRS 0–2 versus 3–6 at 3m Secondary outcomes 24h Recanalisation rate Early major neurological improvement (8 points NIHSS) Days at home by 90 days Full recovery (mRS 0–1) Safety outcomes SICH (ECASS 2)24–48h Mortality Any ICH Extracranial bleeding Results This is a RCT in active recruitment phase but information on progress to date and aggregated cohort recruited will be presented. The pre-planned PRISMA compliant meta-analysis of ongoing European academic IAT trials will be outlined. Conclusion Pragmatic treatment policy trials are essential in hyperacute stroke intervention and are feasible within acceptable timeframes. Disclosures P. White: 1; C; Covidien, Codman, Microvention, Acandis. 2; C; Microvention, Codman. K. Muir: 1; C; Covidien, Codman, Acandis. G. Ford: None. M. Brown: None. A. Clifton: None.


The valence electron structures of Mg-Al-Nd solid solution phase,sencond phase Al2Nd and Al3Nd were calculated based on the Empirical Electron Theory of solids and molecules(EET),and the relationship between valence electron structures and the alloy solid solution strengthen,sencond phase strengthen,high temperature stability,grain refinement was studied.The valence electron pairs on the strongest bond nA value and covalent electron density ρCV value of Mg-Al-Nd were bigger than that of α-Mg,which indicated the solid solution of Nd element was advantageous to the substrate intensity enhancement;The strongest bond of Al2Nd(nA=0.44396) and Al3Nd(nA=0.38949) were far bigger than that of substrate α-Mg(nA=0.11199),therefore,Al2Nd enormously hinden the dislocation movement,enhanced the alloy intensity;Compared the FV value of γ-Mg17Al12(Fγ-Mg17Al12V=44.22),the total bond-forming ability in unit volume FV value of Al2Nd and Al3Nd respectively was 145.91 and 242.35,which showed that their high temperature stability was better and their existence was advantageous to improves the high temperature performance of Mg-Al alloy;Nd enhanced bonding strength of atoms neighbored to it in the liquid state alloy,increased the substrate's nucleation rate,slowed down the crystal growth speed,then refined the grain size,enhanced the mechanics performance.


A rapid method for measuring hydrogen content in molten aluminum alloy was studied.Based on the method,a device of rapid measuring hydrogen content in aluminum alloy liquid was designed.The device can fast measure hydrogen content in molten aluminum alloy through dynamic change of vacuum chamber volume in the hydrogen system.It has the characteristics of simple structure,rapid measuring,high precision and low manufacturing cost.The probe is designed and manufactured,which is formed through pressing and sintering quartz sand,clay and water.Experimental results show that this method can meet the actual needs of the various index.


Pan-sharpening is used to fuse multispectral images with low spatial resolution and a panchromatic (Pan) image with high spatial resolution to generate synthesized images featured with high spatial and multispectral properties. The pan-sharpened images are assumed valuable for further application. However, there have been a few investigations on the effectiveness of the pan-sharpened products in practice (i.e. object detection), compared with the fact many algorithms for pan-sharpening have been developed. In this paper, improvements contributed by pan-sharpening process for the object detection in multispectral imagery were investigated. Original multispectral images along with the corresponding Pan images acquired by Gaojing-1 (SuperView-1, as the first sub-meter high-resolution commercial remote sensing satellite independently developed in China) satellite were used. Seven algorithms widely used in pan-sharpening were applied separately and compared, while the object detection experiments were done by implementing Faster RCNN. The preliminary findings show: (1) the pan-sharpened images present obviously positive contribution to object detection with Faster RCNN, compared to the original multispectral images; (2) detection results of the pan-sharpened images vary with the algorithms used in pan-sharpening process. Furthermore, this investigation suggests none of the pan-sharpening algorithms showed absolute advantages in image fusion to achieve better object detection consequently.


L. trifolii damages several ornamental and vegetable crops by feeding and ovipositing on leaves. Larval development by L. trifolii larvae within the leaves creates significant crop injury and results in characteristic "mines" on infested foliage. The objective of this study was to assess efficacy of spirotetramat and azadirachtin against leafminer larvae infesting Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the Texas A&M Biological Control Facility in College Station, Texas. L. trifolii used for this experiment were reared under laboratory conditions on bean plants ( Phaseolus vulgaris L. ) and Gerbera …


The tourism industry both contributes to and is affected by climate change. Many tourism sub-sectors rely on the local climate as a key element to their tourism offering, none more so than the ski industry. Elevation, aspect, water resources and management structure are just some of the factors which play into degrees of climate change vulnerability. This paper is empirically focused on the Queenstown Lakes region of New Zealand, a popular winter tourism destination with six commercial ski field operations. Qualitative interviews with a range of industry stakeholders identified perceptions regarding threats and opportunities for the region. This paper finds a multitude of perceptions regarding vulnerability and concludes that considering contextual vulnerability, rather than the outcome of climate change alone, is vital in order to address the risks associated with climate change effectively.


In this paper, a secure transmission scheme based on the artificial noise is proposed for D2D communications underlaying the full-duplex cellular network, and a secure power allocation scheme to maximize the overall secrecy rate of both the cellular user and D2D transmitter node is presented. Firstly, the full-duplex base station transmits the artificial noise to guarantee the secure communications when it receives signals of cellular uplinks. Under this secure framework, it is found that improving the transmission power of the cellular user or the D2D transmitter node will degrade the secrecy rate of the other, although will improve itself secrecy rate obviously. Hence, a secure power allocation scheme to maximize the overall secrecy rate is presented subject to the security requirement of the cellular user. However, the original power optimization problem is non-convex. To efficiently solve it, we recast the original problem into a convex program problem by utilizing the proper relaxation and the successive convex approximation algorithm. Simulation results evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.


Based on the method of chemical flocculation,the optimum conditions of the ferrous sulfate in the recycling of the municipal wastewater are studied,the results show that,the dosing quantity of the pure ferrous sulfate analyzed is 60 mg/L when the pH value decrease to 9.3,and when the full quantity PAM is added,it can decrease the total quantity of the phosphorus to 0.28 mg/L,the removal rate to 94%,pH to 8.3,COD to 20.2 mg/L and the turbidity to 0.8 NTU,which reaches the first order A standard of the wastewater discharge.


Introduction: The shoulder of handball players suffers from the ongoing repetition of movement that may lead to the development of joint instability and modification of proprioceptive condition [1]. Because the articular components of the shoulder joint are considered to have extreme importance on the static and dynamic stabilisation and quality of pro-prioceptive information, they may compromise the athlete ' s performance [2]. The purpose of our study was to verify if shoulder strength parameters (SSP) and joint position sense (JPS) of shoulder internal and external rotation may contribute to the development of shoulder instability in handball players. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional design was implemented. The sample was composed by eleven handball players of both genders (4 females and 7 males), under 18years of age, that practiced the sport for at least 3years. For the data collection, an isokinetic dynamometer (Biodex System 3) was used. The evaluation of SSP was implemented prior to JPS at a speed of 60 (cid:6) j sec (3 reps) and 180 (cid:6) j sec (20 reps) of internal rotation (IR) and external rotation (ER), with the shoulder positioned at 90 (cid:6) of abduction. The JPS was evaluated using active and passive positioning, 6 repetitions each, at 3 given external shoulder rotation amplitudes (20, 35 and 75 degrees). Prior to the data collection, all subjects signed an informed consent. This study follows all the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Results: For the dominant shoulder, the peak torque (PT) at 60 (cid:6) j sec was 41.4Nm (±12.2) of ER and 40,6Nm (±17.5) in IR. For the non-dominant shoulder at 60 (cid:6) j sec, the PT was 34.3Nm (±10.7) of ER and 42.0Nm (±2.8) in IR. For the dominant shoulder, the PT at 180 (cid:6) j sec was 37.2Nm (±12.2) of ER and 37.9Nm (±15.0) in IR. At the non-dominant shoulder, the PT at 180 (cid:6) j secr was 29.8Nm (±10.8) of ER and 37.2Nm (±11.6) in IR. At 60 (cid:6) j sec, the range of motion (ROM) was of 89.6 (cid:6) (±3.2) and at 180 (cid:6) j sec, 88.8 (cid:6) (±0.6). On the dominant shoulder, for the passive positioning, a difference was obtained of 6.7 (cid:6) (±5.8) at 75 (cid:6) , of 1.7 (cid:6) (±2.4) at 35 (cid:6) , and of 0 (cid:6) (±2.3 (cid:6) ) at 20 (cid:6) . In the active positioning, a difference was obtained of 1.3 (cid:6) (±3.1) at 75 (cid:6) , of 1.0 (cid:6) (±3.6) at 35 (cid:6) , and 1.2 (cid:6) (±2.7) at 20 (cid:6) . On the non-dominant shoulder, we observed the following results, in the passive positioning, 4.7 (cid:6) (±3.7) at 75 (cid:6) , 1.3 (cid:6) (± 4.1) at 35 (cid:6) , and 0.7 (cid:6) (±3.5) at 20 (cid:6) . Finally, in the active positioning we obtained the following results: 0.5±3.4 (75 (cid:6) ), 0.7±2.0 (35 (cid:6) ) and 2.7±2.4 (20 (cid:6) ). Discussion and conclusions: Our preliminary results seem to point out that the dominant shoulder improved JPS when compared to the non-dominant. Additionally, we found that during the active positioning athletes had a greater perception of JPS, in comparison to the passive positioning. These results should help on the development of training protocols in handball, to improve shoulder proprioception and help to reduce the risk of injury. Although the results on SSP were not statistically treated, throughout the study protocol the PT seems to decrease significantly. Further studies should help to confirm our results.


The oxides of four transuranium isotopes ($sup 238$Pu, $sup 239$Pu, $sup 241$Am, and $sup 244$Cm), prepared by identical methods of calcining the oxalate at 750$sup 0$C for two hours, had different physico-chemical properties. For all four oxides the density ranges from 9.8 to 11.4 g cm$sup -3$ and initial ultrafilterability (suspended fraction of activity less than 24 A) varied from 0.002 percent for $sup 239$PuO$sub 2$ to 2.24 percent for $sup 238$PuO$sub 2$. Dogs were exposed by nose-only techniques to aerosols generated by nebulizing water suspensions of the oxides. The dogs were sacrificed at intervals from one week to about a year postexposure. The rate of translocation of material from lung to other tissues increased from $sup 239$Pu to $sup 238$Pu to $sup 241$Am to $sup 244$Cm, possibly reflecting the decrease in mean particle size from an MMD of 0.7 $mu$m to $sup 239$PuO$sub 2$ to 0.6 $mu$m for $sup 238$PuO$sub 2$ to 0.4 $mu$m for $sup 241$AmO$sub 2$ to 0.1 $mu$m for $sup 244$CmO/sub x/. Accumulation of the isotopes in the liver and skeleton as a percentage of final body burden was 1 percent $sup 239$Pu and 7 to 23 percent for $sup 238$Pu at about a year postexposure,more » while at 270 days postexposure, values were 40 percent for $sup 241$Am and 40 to 30 percent for $sup 244$Cm. (auth)« less


The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship among general regret concerning the life, the regret concerning the process of purchasing and the regret concerning after the purchasing and to determine the characteristic properties which are effective on these three types of regret. This study is applied on the students of Eskisehir Osmangazi University and Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University and it is benefited from the convenience sampling in the study. The data of this study is collected via questionnaire and in a method of drop-and-collect. The results of the study shows that there is a positive meaningful relationship among the regret concerning the life, the regret concerning the process of purchasing and the regret concerning after the purchasing. Moreover, as a result of this study, it is established that the characteristic properties like extravagant, restrained, easily tempered, careless, enjoy spending and a planner have positive meaningful effects on the regret concerning the life, the regret concerning the process of purchasing and the regret concerning after the purchasing.


Little has changed in the delivery of optometric education in Australia for the past 40 years. In existing programs students undertake study in basic disciplines prior to gaining clinical exposure. This often occurs in university staff-student clinics, which are not necessarily representative of optometric practice in the wider community. Recently two new optometry programs have opened, both located within medical schools and comprehensive health faculties. This has enabled the new programs to benefit from some of the educational reforms in Australian medical education, including outcomes-based design, early and sustained clinical experience and use of student-centered learning models.


Purpose: In von Hippel-Lindau disease (VHL), reti nal detachment is often a real threat if the retinal angiomas are left untreated. The aim of this trial was to diagnose and treat capillary angiomas early at an asymptomatic stage. Methods: Since 1983, we have investigated pa tients with key lesions and those who are at risk for VHL in a multidisciplinary study. Classical reti nal angiomas and microangiomas were treated with the Argon laser. Checks during a follow-up of 15 years have provided us with long-term re sults. Results: We detected 189 retinal angiomas i9 97 eyes of 69 patients (lOS classical angiomas, in cluding 19 fibrotic angiomas in 15 eyes, 84 micro angiomas). During the study, 20 patients (twenty one symptomatic eyes) entered the study already with a visual impairment. Sixty asymptomatic eyes from 49 patients with a total of 108 retinal angiomas (55 microangiomas and 53 classical angiomas) were treated by us with photocoagulation. Nineteen asymptomatic eyes with angiomas of fibrotic type were observed only. During a mean follow-up of 5.1 years (range: 0.25 - 15; SO: 3.88) observed after treatment, no deterioration of vision occurred in 37 patients treated with photocoagulation. Regular controls showed 5 relapsing angiomas and 9 new angiomas which were successfully co agulated again. New angiomas occurred in those eyes with several angiomas as a predisposition. Patients with a tendency to multiple angiomas need to be seen more frequently because these eyes have a high risk of becoming blind, even in already coagulated angiomas. Conclusion: Laser treatment was successful. Early ophthalmological examination of patients with re tinal angiomatosis is a great challenge, since these lesions can only be successfully treated at an early stage. Treatment is then effective and safe, but long-term follow-up is necessary. New angiomas occurred in those eyes with several angiomas as a predisposition.


On 25 January 2011, Egyptians took to the streets demanding political and social reform. In Cairo, protesters converged upon Tahrir ('Liberation') Square, which remained constantly occupied until the resignation of President Hosni Mubarak on 11 February. In this narrative, the author recounts his experiences over 12 days as a participant in what is now referred to as the Egyptian revolution. He concludes with reflections on the situation that emerged in the square, focusing in particular on some of the factors that may have contributed to the success of its continued occupation: the swift creation of an embryonic form of community, and the receding of the usual identities based on class and religion in favour of a simple yet powerful identity as people of the revolution. © RAI 2011.


Using extract of fruits of pomegranate (Punica Granatum L.), the bulk amount of Cu2O Nanoshells was synthesized rapidly with a very simple method. The as prepared sample was characterized by FESEM, TEM, UV-VIS spectroscopy and FTIR. The UV-VIS spectra and FTIR spectra confirmed the stability of Cu2O nanoshells at room temperature even after longer time. Further the optical propertiesof Cu2O nanoshells was investigated by using Photo Luminescence Spectra, which shows broad intense green luminescence. The fast growth of bulk amount of Cu2O nanoshells was successfully achieved by optimizing the experimental conditions.


This paper analyzes the international competitiveness of the major industries in Chongqing by applyˉing the export value and RCA index and puts forward relative countermeasures to promote the competitiveness and exports of the major trade industries in Chongqing.


In virtual reality (VR), hand remapping modifies the commonly used one-to-one mapping between tracked and virtual hand positions, which extends the interaction scope of hands while also sacrificing naturalness. To address this issue, we propose remapping techniques that are both natural and efficient, taking hand movement velocity into consideration. Our approach is based on the insight that slow and fast hand velocities indicate the intent for precise or rapid manipulations respectively. Therefore, the hand movement should be scaled down or up accordingly. We first estimated the detection thresholds for remapped hands using a 2-alternative-forced-choice (2AFC) design. Based on these thresholds, we then designed a hand remapping function that automatically adjusts the remapping scale based on hand movement velocity. To evaluate the effectiveness of our proposed velocity-adaptive hand remapping technique, we further conducted a user study in which participants performed both rapid and precise tasks. Results showed that our proposed velocity-adaptive hand remapping, though imperceptible to participants, is able to significantly outperform other techniques. Overall, our work demonstrates the potential of velocity-guided redirection techniques for hand interactions in VR.


Objective To translate the mini-physical performance testing (mini-PPT)designated by Wilkins into Chinese version and revise it. To analyze the reliability and validity of mini-PPT for Chinese elders. Methods One hundred and seventy-eight old retired cadres of PLA Air Force were tested by mini-PPT and mini mental status examination(MMSE),and 40 of them were randomly chosen to be tested again by another rater in the same group in a week. The barthel index(BI)was also used. Results The Cronbach's coefficient of mini-PPT was 0.868,and the intraclass correlation coefficient(ICC) of the test-retest and inter-rater were 0.96 and 0.99 respectively(P0.001). The correlation coefficient between mini-PPT and BI was 0.789(P0.001). When the diseases influencing PPT were excluded,CM-PPT was positively correlated with MMSE(r=0.420,P0.01)and negatively correlated with age(r=-0.649,P0.001)in the healthy elders. Conclusions The reliability and validity of the mini-PPT is excellent. It is a good tool to assess and monitor the physical function of the elders in our country.


This paper adopts a governmentality framing to examine how form‐based practices and counter‐conduct measures that permeate the banking industry are employed by bank executives who wish to be governed differently in a way that results in the control of customer conduct. Using the data set of the HSBC Case History Hearing released by the US Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations on July 17, 2012, the paper shows how rationalities, programs, and technologies of governance are reproblematized, resulting in changed program policies and technologies. The study also makes two contributions to the literature. First, the paper contributes to our understanding of form‐based practices in the banking industry as a governance mechanism—specifically, how particular practices such as risk management, staff training, and customer training can be coupled with counter‐conduct to circumvent the rules. And second, by looking at rationalities, programs, and technologies, the paper suggests how executives problematize issues in a manner that leads to program changes and to changes in the governmental technologies that depart from the overarching rationalities of the industry.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


The allocation of education resources restricts the balanced development of vocational education.This paper researches on its own balanced development of vocational education from the level of itself,power and environment.Three aspects involve the various elements that affect the development of vocational education itself.


ABSTRACT The current crisis makes leadership more visible and allows us to reflect on how leadership is conceived. In this essay, we consider how leadership has been represented during the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic in articles published in the business and general press. We show that, while images of heroic leadership are prevalent in this popular discourse – reminding us vividly of the romance of leadership – other elements, such as references to plural and decentred forms of leadership can be seen as also coexisting in this discourse, while not necessarily being explicitly acknowledged. Opting for a plural, relational and processual conception of leadership allows us to reveal these under-recognized elements. This leads us to propose that these elements are not specific to leadership in times of crises, but are always constitutive of leading in practice. We conclude by arguing that renewing understandings of leadership may require that we acknowledge simultaneously the inevitable presence of romance(s) in how we approach this phenomenon as well as its collective and relational accomplishment. Referring, in turn, to the central phenomenon as leading rather than as leadership may help us reach beyond the seductiveness of the romance(s) of leadership to capture its inherent relationality.


Objective To evaluate the changes in patients with sketetal class Ⅲ malocclusion after maxillary protraction with expansion in the primary class Ⅲ dentition.Methords Sixteen skeletal class Ⅲ patients including 9 males and 7 females,in the primary dentition were selected,whose age ranged from 5.3 to 6.5 years.The patients present with a concave facial profile,and anterior or posterior crossbite.No apparent mandibular displacement was found in any patients.Cephalograms were taken before and after maxillary protraction with expansion respectively.Results Maxillary advancement,mandibular rotation,labial tipping of the maxillary incisors,lingual tipping of the mandibular incisors,and improvement of facial profiles were noticed.Conclusion This treatment showed that significant dentoskeletal changes and improvements in dentofacial profile resulted from 6 months of treatment with maxillary expansion and protraction.


Three years ago (The Journal, April 6, 1912, p. 1007) I devised an emergency two-piece transfusion tube which has fulfilled every prediction—so much so that I now use no other method of direct transfusion. But it is troublesome and a bit time-consuming to place the tie that retains the tubes in their respective vessels; and, in spite of the fact that the heaviest silk is always used for this purpose, some one usually contrives to break it just when speed is most desirable. To avoid this contingency, I have devised a retaining clamp for the tubes. Description is rendered unnecessary by the illustrations. It is sufficient to relate that one-half of the tube is inserted into the radial artery of the donor and clamped there; the other half is inserted into a vein of the recipient and also clamped; the two halves are then invaginated for about one-quarter inch, the


The C‐terminal domain of the prohormone convertase PC1 is involved in targeting of the enzyme to secretory granules in neuroendocrine cells and is subsequently processed in this compartment at an Arg617‐Arg618 site. Three other dibasics are found in the C‐terminal domain of mouse PC1. Here, we examined the role of the four dibasics in targeting PC1 to secretory granules. All 15 possible combinations of dibasic mutations were performed. Wild‐type (WT) and mutant PC1 were stably expressed in neuroendocrine PC12 cells that lacked endogenous PC1. Processing, secretion and intracellular localization of PC1 and its mutants were analyzed. Leaving intact Arg617‐Arg618 and mutating any combination of the three other dibasics yielded proteins that were stored and processed in secretory granules, similarly to WT PC1. Mutating Arg617‐Arg618 alone or with any one of the three remaining dibasics generated proteins that were efficiently stored in secretory granules but were not processed further. Mutating Arg617‐Arg618 with more than one of the remaining dibasics produced proteins that reached the TGN but were not stored in secretory granules and exited the cells through the constitutive secretory pathway. These data demonstrate that the Arg617‐Arg618 plays a prominent role in targeting PC1 to secretory granules.


Aimed at field plot selection,experiment design,experiment field plot management and zoning in soil-test-fertilization,detailed exposition was made in the paper.The popularization of the soil-test-fertilization technology could effectively improve soil fertility and fertilizer efficiency and it would provide guidance for grass-roots agricultural scientific worker engaged in scientific demonstration and extension.


Abstract. Organosulfates are components of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) that form from oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the presence of sulfate. In this study, the composition and abundance of organosulfates were determined in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) collected from Centreville, AL, during the Southern Oxidant and Aerosol Study (SOAS) in summer 2013. Six organosulfates were quantified using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (TQD) against authentic standards. Among these, the three most abundant species were glycolic acid sulfate (0.5–52.5 ng m−3), lactic acid sulfate (0.5–36.7 ng m−3), and hydroxyacetone sulfate (0.5–14.3 ng m−3). These three species were strongly inter-correlated, suggesting similar precursors and/or formation pathways. Further correlations with sulfate, isoprene, and isoprene oxidation products indicate important roles for these precursors in organosulfate formation in Centreville. Positive filter sampling artifacts associated with these organosulfates due to gas adsorption or reaction of gas phase precursors of organosulfates with sulfuric acid were assessed for a subset of samples and were less than 7.8 % of their PM2.5 concentrations. Together, the quantified organosulfates accounted for


Background: Type 2 diabetes may be alleviated by mineral water (MW) ingestion. We investigated whether spring water (SW) (a kind of mixed MW) ingestion influences metabolic parameters via alteration of the gut microbiota in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. Method: We divided 32 C57/BL mice into 4 equal groups: normal diet with tap water (Control), high-fat diet with tap water (HFD), normal diet with SW (SW), and high-fat diet with SW (HFD + SW). During this experiment, we checked the body weight (BW) with fasting blood sugar (FBS) every week and all mice were sacrificed in the 17th week to observe serological markers, internal organs, and composition of gut microbiota. Results: The BW of HFD-fed mice was significantly higher than that of mice fed an HFD + SW diet in the early period of the experiment. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) in the HFD group showed a fluctuating pattern compared to the HFD + SW group, and the area under the curve (AUC) value of the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was significantly greater in the HFD group than in the HFD + SW group. Serologic markers were not significantly different between the HFD and HFD + SW groups. Histologically, the most severe fatty changes in the liver were observed in the HFD group. Lastly, the gut levels of Akkermansia muciniphilia were 100-fold higher in the HFD + SW group than in the HFD mice. Conclusion: These findings indicate that SW ingestion, and the associated high levels of A muciniphilia growth in the gut, may improve the early stage of obesity and ameliorate HFD-induced hyperglycemia.


Foreword Michael J. Chadwick Part I. Background: 1. Visions of a changing world Irving M. Mintzer and J. A. Leonard 2. Prologue to the Climate Change Convention Daniel Bodansky Part II. Views from Within the Ring: 3. Exercising common but differentiated responsibility Delphine Borione and Jean Ripert 4. The beginnings of an international climate law Ahmed Djoghlaf 5. Constructive damage to the status quo Elizabeth Dowdeswell and Richard J. Kinley 6. The climate change negotiations Chandrashekar Dasgupta 7. A personal assessment Bo Kjellen 8. The road to Rio Jose Goldemberg 9. A failure of presidential leadership William A. Nitze 10. Looking back to see forward Tariq Osman Hyder Part III. The Outside Edges In: 11. Some comments on the INC process Hugh Faulkner 12. A view from the ground up Atiq Rahman and Annie Roncerel Part IV. Prospects for the Future: 13. Towards a winning climate coalition James K. Sebenius 14. Visions of the past, lessons for the future Irving M. Mintzer and J. A. Leonard Annex: The Framework Convention on Climate Change Index.


Gelidium pacificum Okamura was histochemically investigated before and after the extraction of agar. The intercellular matrix and outer layer of the wall of parenchyma cells in both the medullary and cortical regions showed metachromatic reddish purple and blue with toluidine blue 0 and alcian blue, respectively. The cell wall of rhizoidal filaments and the inner layer of the cell wall in both the medullary and cortical regions gave a blue reaction with ZnCl2-Iodine. From these stainings it is concluded that the sulfated polysaccharide, agar, of the alga is the main constituent of the intercellular matrix and the outer layer of the walls of parenchyma cells in both the cortical and medullary regions. Cellulose is judged reasonably to constitute a great part of the cell wall material of rhizoidal filaments and the inner layer of walls of both the cortical and the medullary cells.


HRI studies in a Middle Eastern environment are subject to nuances and subtleties. This study explores the nature of interactions, in an uncontrolled environment, between a permanently deployed bi-lingual robot-receptionist and interlocutors of varied native tongues. We correlate an interlocutor's native language with their propensity for accepting an invite and the duration of the ensuing conversation. Subsequently, we present results that demonstrate significant disparity in interactional patterns between English and Arabic speakers. We also assess the importance of a transliterated Arabic input mode for encouraging user interaction.


Educational developers tend to be located in centres and units of teaching and learning outside the academic mainstream. They have little opportunity to engage in scholarship. Through an overview of the literature on educational development and educational professional roles and responsibilities, the author suggests that promoting a culture of scholarship among educational developers will contribute significantly towards their pedagogical professional development. It will enhance the quality of professional consultation between educational developers and academic staff in the faculties. The discussion concludes with suggestions for implementing innovative strategies to promote a culture of scholarship within the higher education academic mainstream.


This paper presents modeling and control of Photovoltaic/fuel cell/supercapacitor hybrid power system for stand-alone applications. The hybrid power system uses solar PV array and fuel cell as the main sources. These sources share their power effectively to meet the load demand. The supercapacitor bank is used to supply or absorb load transients. The main control system comprises of MPPT controller for PV system, a DC-DC boost converter with controller for fuel cell system for power management and inverter controller to regulate voltage and frequency. The stand-alone hybrid system aims to provide quality supply to consumers with a constant voltage and frequency. The modeling and control strategies of the hybrid system are realized in Matlab/Simulink.


China is a latecomer in the world high-speed rail industry. In the traditional high-speed rail industry, three countries of Japan, France and Germany has been regarded as the first movers, and China has jointly developed with these three countries and entered the high-speed rail industry. What is remarkable is that China has partially transferred its technology from these three countries, and then internalized it to acquire system integration technology and developed its own high-speed railway model of CRH380 series. With the market exchange technology strategy, all the high-speed rail starting companies in the world are brought to China and transferred their technology. By reverse engineering of these technologies, China could developed their own technologies, we call it as "Block assembly strategy." Thanks to Chinese government's promoting of tripple helix system and strong support, China could catch up first movers successfully. This study suggests practical implications to the late movers how to get technology transfer and to integrate them in some high-tech industries.


School of Medicine, University of Tampere, 33014 Tampere, Finland Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Science Center, 33521 Tampere, Finland School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, 33014 Tampere, Finland Nutrition Unit, National Institute of Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, 00271 Helsinki, Finland Tampere University Hospital, Department of Paediatrics, 33521 Tampere, Finland  School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, University of Tampere, 33521 Tampere, Finland Tampere University Hospital, Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, 33380 Pitkäniemi, Finland Corresponding author


Ultrashort pulsed laser ablation represents a powerful tool for the generation of pure gold nanoparticles avoiding chemical precursors, reducing agents, and stabilizing ligands. The bare surface of the charged nanoparticles makes them highly available for functionalization and as a result especially interesting for biomedical applications. The functionalization with oligonucleotides is achievable simultaneously (in situ) or after (ex situ) nanoparticle generation by adding the conjugative agents to the ablation media prior or after laser ablation, respectively. In order to obtain information on the conjugation efficiency and resulting surface coverages, we applied two approaches modified from an established fluorescence-based method for the quantification of oligonucleotides after displacement from the surfaces of the gold nanoparticles. Surface saturation values up to 165 pmol cm−2 were observed for the in situ and ex situ laser-based conjugation. The observed conjugation efficiency in terms of the perce...


When embedding ferromagnetic nanoparticles in a superconducting matrix, a direct contact between the superconductor and ferromagnet is enabled resulting in a nanoscale magnetic modulation. The aim here is to study to what extent superconductivity and ferromagnetism can coexist and mutually influence each other. Preformed Co clusters with typical diameters around 2 nm are produced with a laservaporization cluster source and have been co-deposited with thermally evaporated Sn on liquid nitrogen cooled SiO2-substrates. This way, different hybrid systems consisting of magnetic clusters randomly distributed in a superconducting Sn matrix were produced with increasing concentration of Co clusters up to 30 volume percent. Structural characterization of the samples has been done by means of atomic force microscopy, Rutherford backscattering spectrometry and X-ray diffraction. The magnetic and superconducting behaviour of these systems was studied by SQUID magnetometry measurements. The magnetic behaviour of the Co clusters varies from superparamagnetic to ferromagnetic with increasing amount of embedded Co clusters. For Co concentrations below 20 volume percent, the Co clusters are superparamagnetic, revealing reversible magnetization curves at temperatures above 100K. For higher concentrations of Co, the Co clusters interact with each other and behave as ferromagnetic particles up to 300K. In both regimes, the hybrid Co/Sn systems show superconducting behaviour. The superconducting critical temperature and phase boundary are investigated for different concentrations of Co clusters.


Negotiation is one of the key issues in Multi-agent system. In terms of task characteristics, on the foundation of the multi-agent negotiation model based on the acquaintance model, a task oriented extended contract-net negotiation model is proposed after analyzing the advantage and disadvantage of the classical contract-net negotiation model. Based on the model's architecture definition, a formalized coalition definition based on task and acquaintance model and coalition formation algorithm is given, and then an extended contract-net negotiation model based on task coalition is constructed. A combination of GA and simulated annealing algorithm is used to optimize the allocation speed and quality of task coalition in the agent coalition. Experiment shows that the presented model can effectively reduce the negotiation cost and improve the efficiency of task allocation on the basis of ensuring the negotiation quality.


Fiamberti( i), in 1937, devised an ingenious method of severing certain frontothalamic fibers by means of a transorbital approach. His simple procedure eliminated many of the disadvantages inherent in the orthodox transfrontal leukotomy (lobotomy), topectomy, and frontal lobectomy in the treatment of intractable cases of some of the psychoses and psychoneuroses. The method was adopted in this country by Freeman(2), and because of the device employed it has come to be known as the "ice-pick operation." In order to remove the stigma of such an unappetizing term from what may prove to be a valuable advance in psychiatric treatment, and to overcome the defects of the ice-pick, which has the appearance of a crude weapon rather than an instrument, I have devised a transorbital leukotome, which provides superior and safer performance. The defects of the ice-pick are as follows: (I) it lacks balance; (2) because of its round cross-section and absence of graded increase of caliber, it is easily "lost" or "runs," when struck with the mallet; (3) it affords no means of visualizing the anatomical position of the tip in the brain. Because of these serious defects, the ice-pick can slip away from the guiding hand of the operator, and be thrust too deeply into the brain; or the point may, during the lateral sweep of the handle, be carried too far mesially and rupture the anterior cerebral artery or pial arteries with resultant serious hemorrhage. The transorbitome (Fig. i) is so constructed that it obviates the foregoing. The shaft, in cross section, is elliptical in shape, and has a gentle increase in caliber from the point to the hilt, thus providing a "set,"


This study aimed to determine the effects of a 6-week stroboscopic balance training program on balance scores in athletes with chronic ankle instability. Balance was evaluated before and after the 6-week balance training program. After the program, there were no differences between the strobe and nonstrobe groups in static balance. In terms of dynamic balance, the strobe group showed a significant increase in limits of stability between pretest and posttest and terms of dynamic balance, the strobe group showed a significant increase in limits of stability between pretest and posttest and had significantly greater limits of stability than the nonstrobe group at posttest. Stroboscopic balance training may be useful in improving dynamic balance in athletes with chronic ankle instability.


We examine whether firms take advantage of brief windows of opportunity to time seasoned equity offerings (SEOs) when their equity is substantially overvalued given managers' private information. We find that firms experiencing larger IPO underpricing, larger stock price run-ups after the IPO, and larger IPO offer size tend to return to the market with an SEO earlier than the others. Firms which issue SEOs quickly after an IPO underperform in comparison to their peers. The mean three-day abnormal return of firms issuing SEOs within six months of IPOs is 2.69% lower than that of firms issuing SEOs six months or more following their IPOs. Firms issuing SEOs shortly after their IPOs also exhibit worse long-run stock returns and operating performance. The results are most consistent with the hypothesis that managers with private information time SEOs in ways that benefit existing shareholders.


Objective To investigate the pharmacodynamics of different local anesthetics administered intrathecally for elderly patients undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). Methods Ninety ASA Ⅰ - Ⅲ elderly patients, aged 69-82 yr, with body mass index less than 30 kg/m2 , undergoing TURP under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia, were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n = 30 each): levobupivacaine group (group L), ropivacaine group (group R) and bupivacaine group (group B). Group L, R and B received intrathecai (IT) 0.5 % levobupivacaine, 0.5 % ropivacaine and 0.5 % bupivacaine respectively. The initial dose was 7,10 and 6 mg in group L, R and B respectively. The ratio of two successive doses was 0.9. If the upper sensory block reached T10 within the 20 min after IT injection, the IT analgesia was considered to be effective. The median effective dose (EDs0) and 95 % confidence interval (95 % CI) were calculated by Dixon. Results The ED50 and 95% CI of levobupivacaine, ropivacaine and bupivacaine were 6.781 (95% CI 6.561-7.024) mg, 9.135 (95%CI8.670-9.616) mg and 5.170 (95% CI 5.012-5.333) ng respectively. The relative potency ratio between levobupivacaine, ropivacaine and bupivacaine is 0.76∶0.57∶1.00. Conclusion The relative potency ratio between levobupivacaine, ropivacaine and bupivacaine is 0.76∶0.57∶1.00.

Key words:
Bupivacaine; Amides; Dose-response relationship, drug; Injections, spinal; Transurethral resection of prostate


Sediment association of the Guanjiagou Formation is characterized by increasingly coarsening upwards sequence. The lower of the Guanjiagou Formation is typical turbidity current deposit, which consists mainly of mudstone and sandstone. Its grain-size changes coarse upwards and the conglomerate stratum becomes thick in the middle part. The upper part is thicker conglomerate with lamella massive sandstone. The content of gravel in conglomerate and granularity increases and augments respectively. By study, the Guanjiagou Formation is marine sediments which were showed by the fossil. Therefore, it is deduced that the Guanjiagou Formation is submarine fan. The geochemistry characteristics of siltstone and slate show that the values of La,Ce,ΣREE, (δ(Eu)) of the Guanjiagou Formation are similar to those of island arc. By the tilted lay of stratum, the excellent trend of gravel and the change of gravel in orientation ,the current of the Guanjiagou Formation is analyzed synthetically and it is deduced that the direction of paleo-current is about 230° to 356°, and most is west-north; while the gravel excellent trend is 228° to 338°, most north-northwest. From south to north, the size of gravel becomes small gradually, gravel round increasing, and gravel excellent trend is from disorder to order by field statistic. With previous results, the Guanjiagou Formation is in Bikou forearc basin and it is presumed that the sediments were from east-southern island arc.


The present invention discloses a method for producing instant noodles containing lo mushroom sauce packet, the method of screening spices, mushrooms and spices and pretreatment in advance the characteristic flavor and effective components were free in frying in fully decomposed and integration, stretches its mellow taste and natural expression significantly enhance sensual; in the frying process, saute high temperature, low stew, stewed thermostat segmented processing, and the spice points section is added, reflects the characteristics of the perfume at different temperatures, not only enhances the meaty lo, and tasty while improving product stability, Furthermore, the present method of making a simple, safe, easy industrial production; preparation obtained by the method sauce packets of instant noodles especially for seasoning packet.


The world's transition to an endemic phase has had a significant impact on the global community's mental health. The World Health Organization (WHO) predicts a silent pandemic related to mental health due to Covid-19 during this phase. This can be attributed to the increased pressures of post-pandemic life, including economic aspects and changes in daily routines. Mental health issues such as stress, anxiety, depression, and burnout have been identified. Therefore, initiatives like complementary psychotherapy are crucial for maintaining mental well-being. This study aims to discuss the theoretical dimensions of complementary psychotherapy in Tafsir al-Qurtubi. The focus is on a compilation of interpretations of 18 verses related to tafakkur (contemplation) found in 13 surahs. Using a qualitative method with a thematic content analysis approach, the study reveals that Imam al-Qurtubi's compilation of interpretations of āyāt al-tafakkur is comprehensive and aligns with several dimensions of psychotherapy. These dimensions include the recovery of traumatic experiences, re-education, reassurance, and psychological support. The combination of interpretations clearly demonstrates Imam al-Qurtubi's contribution to developing a complementary approach for preserving psychological well-being. In conclusion, the compilation of interpretations of āyāt al-tafakkur by Imam al-Qurtubi deserves recognition as a valuable part of the theoretical foundation of complementary psychotherapy in managing mental well-being during the endemic phase.


The results of development and experimental investigations of the selection of interval boundaries of input and output data method are considered in the paper. The article presents an improved algorithm for obtaining a laws of probability of functional. The experimental part contains examples of finding the full probabilistic characteristics for sums of independent random variables.


An effective medium model is developed for disordered metamaterials containing a spatially random distribution of dielectric spheres. Similar to effective medium models for ordered metamaterials, this model predicts resonances in the effective permeability and permittivity arising from electric- and magnetic-dipole Mie resonances in the spheres. In addition, the model predicts a redshift of the electric resonance with increasing particle loading. Interestingly, when the particle loading exceeds the percolation threshold of 33\%, the model predicts that the electric resonance overlaps with the magnetic resonance, resulting in a negative refractive index.


A system to test for non-random disjunction This research note is available in Fungal Genetics Reports: https://newprairiepress.org/fgr/vol3/iss1/4 The present genetic tests hove shown that it is possible to induce, recover, maintain, and analyze recessive lethal mutations resulting from presumptive deletion of particular linked loci in balanced dikaryons of Neurospora. It is noteworthy that none of the ad-3 mutations were associated with (I) gross deletions covering the maior portion of the right arm of LGF with (2) terminal deletions. These results ore entirely consistent with those of Atwood and Mukai (Radiation Res. I: 125, 1954). This system is now being used to study the kinetics of survival aa mutation-induction, and to analyze the types of induced ad-3 mutants os o function of X-ray dose. ---Biology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee. Operated by Union Carbide Corporation for the United States Atomic Energy Commission. Horowitz, N. H. Irreparable mutants in Continued interest in the problem of "indispenNeurospora. sable" gene functions in Neurospora (Curtis, NN #2, 7) prompts the following comments. The frequency of occurrence of irreparably lethal mutations has been estimated by two methods: the temperoture-mutant method (Horowitz, Adv. in Genetics 3, 33, 1950; H orowitz 8 Leupold, Cold Spring Harbor Symp. l6, 65, 1951) and the heterocoryon method (Atwood & Mukoi, P. N.A.S. 8, 1027, 1953). As is well known, there is o large discrepancy between the two estimates, the temperature-mutant method giving the lower estimate. Atwood 8 Mukoi explained the difference by postulating o class of genes which does not yield temperature alleles and which controls only indispensable functions. A simple colculation shows that approximately 85% of the genes of Neurospora would have to belong to this class in order to account for the discrepancy. It has always seemed to me that o more plausible explanation exists. In the temperature-mutant experiments, the frequency of irreparable mutations was determined against o wild-type genetic background and on standard complete medium. In the heterocoryon method, however, this frequency was measured in nuclei which carried the mutants omyceliol and methionineless, and counts were made on sorbose-complete. One may reasonably ask whether all mutations that ore scored os reparable by the temperature-mutant method would be so scored if placed in ony amycelial-methionineless background and on sorbose medium. I strongly suspect that this would not be found to be the case, but that many morphologicals and reparable auxotrophs would be registered os irreparable lethols under the conditions of the heterocoryon method. This could be tested by extracting mutants from the amyceliol-meth;onineless bockground and testing them on standard (sorbose-free) complete. About half of the "irreparable lethals" should prove to be recoverable if the view expressed here is correct. ---California InstFtute of Technology, Pawdena, California, U.S.A. Suzuki, D. T. A system to test for non-random In Drosophila females, the products of meiosis ore disjunction. oriented in o row of four similar to the orientation of ascospores within the oscus. Sturtevont ond Beadle (1936, Genetics 3: 554-604) found that exchange within inversion heterozygotes did not increase zygote mortality but resulted in the recovery of non-exchange chromotids or potroclinous offspring. They postulated, therefore, that, of the four nuclei, either of the outer nuclei only could te fertilized ond that dicentric bridges were retained in the center nuclei. Novitski (1951, Genetics 36: 267-280) and Novitski and Sandier (1956, Genetics &I: 196-204) demonstrated that when asymmetrical dyads are formed by o crossover event within o tetrad, the shorter member of the dyad is recovered, i.e., Is included in the outer nuclei, more frequently than the longer member. If the chromosome mechanics of unrelated organisms have common features, Neurospora could provide CI cytological demonstration of non-random disjunction. Dr. de Serres and coworkers (personal communication) ore studying various heterokoryotic systems to attempt to recover deletions involving the right arm of LGI. With such a system it should be possible to recover terminal or gross deletions involving a large part of the linkage mop to the right of the ad-3 region. By appropriate matings, it should be possible to obtain such o deletion with its normal homo?in CI meiotic nucleus. Perithecial squashes would permit scoring of asci for first and second division segregation by patterns of spore abortion. By scoring second division segregants resulting from an exchange between the breakpoint and the centromere of the right corm of LGI, the frequency with which the deletion (aborted spore) reaches the outer pair of nuclei can be determined. Any deviation from the expected 50:50 ratio might indicate non-random disjunction. Translocation heterozygotes could be tested in a similar manner. As a control, abortion patterns of asco would indicate the distribution of aborted spores in tetrods having no gross chromosome aberrations. ---Department of Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.


Environmental engineering is the approach of technological and engineering origins to better and retain the circumference to: maintain anthropomorphic safety, maintain dispositions useful ecosystems, and better environmental-linked increment of the modality of personage habitancy. Environmental engineers plan explanations for wastewater organization, water, and air pollution control, reprocessing, waste removal, and public wellbeing. They plan civic aquatic source and manufacturing sewage conduct schemes, and project strategies to stop aquatic illnesses and recover cleanliness in city, countryside and entertaining zones. They assess risky-waste organization schemes to assess the harshness of such dangers, direct on action and repression, and progress principles to stop disasters. They device environmental engineering rule, as in measuring the environmental influence of planned building schemes. Environmental engineers examine the result of scientific developments on the situation, addressing resident and universal environmental matters such as acid rain, global warming, ozone reduction, water contamination and air contamination from car exhausts and manufacturing bases.


This paper proposes a new model of perception called Perceptual Logic and applies it to the domain of art to understand artistic style. We describe style in terms of affordances, or ways in which an artist can interact with and contribute to an artwork. Different types of Perceptual Logic are found to influence the perceived affordances of an artwork. We present a computational collaborative art program called PERLOGICART that uses a computational model of Perceptual Logic to learn an artist's style through collaboration. The research is conducted using a practice-based method --- we are working on building an interactive tool to support the making of artworks and the understanding of the creative process at the same time. PERLOGICART is a compelling interactive artwork as well as a valuable research tool that records and categorizes the creative process in a systematic manner.


The mathematical model of optimum design for taper-leaf spring is introduced. And the paper optimizes this spring by means of MATLAB Toolbox. One engineering example is given. The precise result is acquired.


Acinetobacter baumannii, a non-motile, glucose non fermentative, oxidase negative, encapsulated, gram-negative coccobacillus, has recently gained importance because of its increasing resistance to the available antibiotics. Three main mechanisms of resistance in A. baumannii are: enzymes inactivating antibiotics, reduced entry into the target site of bacteria and alteration of the target or cellular functions due to mutations. Multi-drug resistant A. Baumannii, including carbapenam resistant A. Baumannii, are posing a potential threat to mankind by causing lethal infections, especially in ICU set up and in patients who are on ventilators, for which our conventional antibiotics were not shown to be effective. Many reports have indicated carbapenam resistance among A. Baumannii and only colistin and tigecyclyne have shown some promise in combating this lethal microorganism.


Purpose In the present study, the retinal and choroidal vascular densities (VDs) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients were analyzed using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Methods The study included 282 eyes of 152 patients with type 2 DM (114 without retinopathy, 79 nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), 48 severe NPDR, and 41 proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) eyes). The superficial and deep retinal vessel, choriocapillaris, and choroidal VDs were measured using a binarization method on OCTA images. VDs were compared based on retinopathy severity. Correlations among densities were analyzed. Results Retinal and choriocapillaris VDs were lower in PDR than in NPDR (all P < 0.05). Correlation analysis showed significant positive correlations among densities of superficial and deep retinal vessels and choriocapillaris (all P < 0.001). Choroidal VD showed a negative correlation with superficial and deep retinal vessels and choriocapillaris (all P < 0.001). Retinal and choriocapillaris VDs showed a negative correlation with diabetic retinopathy (DR) grade (all P < 0.001); however, the choroidal VD showed a weak positive correlation (P=0.030). Conclusion Choroidal VD increased as retinal and choriocapillaris VDs decreased, indicating that the outer layer of the choroid is less affected by DR severity and VD of larger choroidal vessels may even be increased as a compensatory mechanism for decreased retinal and choriocapillaris VDs in type 2 DM patients.


As decentralized generation capacities in German distribution grids are rising, a growing number of distribution system operators (DSOs) are facing new problems and challenges. On the other hand different technologies and methodologies are emerging and enabling DSOs to handle the new challenges. These technologies are often summarized using the abstract term "smart grid". The design, installation and in field test of such a smart grid is the target of the project "Smart Area Aachen". In order to do so the project consortium consists of partners from science as well as partners from industry and is divided into different sub-projects which focus on individual aspects of future smart grids, e.g. communication infrastructure, remote controlled substations and network planning considering new equipment and infrastructure. The following paper presents the sub-project "State Estimation in Distribution Grids" which focusses on distribution system state estimation and optimal meter placement.


Cryptococcus neoformans was accidentally inoculated intracutaneously into the finger of an apparently normal human without any resulting evidence that infection had occurred, indicating that this fungus is probably not pathogenic for normal individuals. This is in contrast to results when several other fungi capable of causing deep mycoses have been similarly inoculated, in which the chancriform syndrome developed.


In many tissues, local angiotensin generation depends on uptake of circulating renin andlor prorenin. Such uptake involves both diffusion into the interstitial space and binding to (pro)renin receptors. This review describes the current status of cardiac (pro)renin receptors, and focusses on their potential significance. (Pro)renin receptors bind both renin and prorenin, and prorenin undergoes a confonnational change ('non-proteolytic' activation) following binding, thereby allowing cell surface angiotensin generation with both renin and prorenin. Renin and prorenin binding also induced direct, angiotensinindependent effects (e.g., ERK112 activation), suggesting that renin and prorenin may act as agonists. Finally, under certain conditions binding resulted in internalization of renin and prorenin. Internalized renin and prorenin were either degraded or, in the case of unglycosylated prorenin, contributed to intracellular angiotensin generation. Taken together, (pro)renin receptors could provide an important new drug target, allowing selective interference with angiotensin production at tissues sites andor direct (pro)renin-induced effects.


Objective: To observe and analysis the clinical efficacy of Shenqi Siwu decoction combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of patients with advanced gastric cancer.Methods:70 patients were randomized to two groups, 35 cases in the treatment group were given Shenqi Siwu decoction combined with chemotherapy,35 cases in the control group were treated with chemotherapy alone, 4 cycles of chemotherapy after curative effect evaluation.Results:The short-term effect showed that the total efficiency of the treatment group was 54.29%, the disease control rate was 76.49%; the control group,the total efficiency was 50.72%, the disease control rate was 73.58%, the short-term efficacy of groups comparison showed no significant difference.TCM syndrome curative effect index was significantly better than the control group, the total effective rate of treatment group 85.71%, control group 42.86%, the difference was significant(P0.05).The treatment group and the control group chemotherapy completion rates were 94.3%, 77.14%, the difference was statistically significant(P0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in treatment group was better, the two groups had no significant difference.Conclusion:Shenqi Siwu decoction combined with chemotherapy in patients with advanced gastric cancer syndromes in improving chemotherapy completion rates, reduce adverse reactions were better than chemotherapy alone.


Cells in all domains of life (archaea, bacteria, eukaryotes) secrete extracellular vesicles (EVs) into environment and surrounding biofluids. These nanosized membrane vesicles transport biologically active molecules i.e. proteins, lipids, metabolites, and nucleic acids from donor cells to distant recipient cells and act as mediators in cell-to-cell communication by vesicle-mediated direct activation of the target cells or by transferring functional vesicular cargos to the recipient cells. In this way, EVs contributes to health, nutrition and disease. Eukaryotic EVs participate in the regulation of a wide range of physiological (e.g. immune surveillance, tissue repair, blood coagulation) and pathological processes (e.g. induction of local and/or systemic inflammation, proliferation and facilitate tumour metastasis). Prokaryotic EVs play also several functions depending on the bacterial species/strains in pathogenesis, microbiota homeostasis, bacterial survival, gene transfer and host cell modulation. The field of EVs research is quickly growing notably due to their important function in numerous biological processes. In addition to the understanding of their role in health and disease, this field of scientific research have great potential for innovation in medical and biotech sector. By their peculiar properties, EVs are being considered as promising biomarkers for both diagnostic and prognostic purposes, in particular for assessment of health status and treatment responses and outcomes in pathological conditions. EVs offer also possibilities as drug components or drug delivery vehicles for therapeutic intervention in cancer, metabolic, autoimmune and inflammatory disease, regenerative medicine, vaccination against pathogens and anti-bacterial treatment. An overview of the features, functionalities and potential applications of extracellular vesicles with an emphasis on bacterial EVs will be provided here.


The accuracy of the Alvarado score in diagnosing acute appendicitis in an Asian population has been disappointingly low. The Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Saleha Appendicitis score (RIPASA score) is a new scoring system developed in RIPAS hospital, Brunei,Darussalam for diagnosis of acute appendicitis in southeast asian population. It is a simple qualitative scoring system based on 14 fixed clinical parameters (two demographics, five clinical symptoms, five clinical signs and two investigations) and one additional parameter (foreign national identity card). Even though it is developed for local community, it is suggested to be applicabie to all regions with the exception of last parameter. This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic validity of RIPASA SCORE in our local population and to compare it with the Alvarado score for diagnosing acute appendicitis.


A silicone rubber sheet for thermocompression bonding is used for a thermocompression wiring connection process of members of an electrical/electronic device. The silicone rubber sheet includes a thermal conduction silastic sheet base material layer and a multi-layer thermocompression silastic sheet of an organosilicon protection layer arranged on at least one surface of the base material layer, characterized in that the organosilicon protection layer contains an organosilicon-added curing product having more than 2mol of Si-CH2-CH2-Si as an addition reaction component relative to 100 mol of ((CH3)2SiO1/2). The silicone rubber sheet of the invention has excellent demoulding character relative to acroleic acid series conductive adhesive.


Objective: Analyze causes of 274 medical disputes in 5 hospitals in late 3 years in Beijing with questionnaire and tracking investigation. Discuss the main cause and reciprocity of medical disputes. Methods: Descriptive statistic method. Results: The reasons causing medical disputes are both original and subsequent. The two interact as both cause and effect and reciprocity. Conclusion:Reasons causing patients' dissatisfaction should be avoided in medical practice, intervention measures should be taken to eliminate dissatisfaction and avoid medical disputes.


Logistics Journal, Vol. 2008, Iss. August - This article deals with complex material flow systems and series connections of conveyor and op-erating elements. These can be characterised by a specific availability. The thus resultant overall availabil-ity of necessary "technical throughput" of the individual elements for the achievement of a specified throughput. When the conveyor and operating elements are subjected to a stochastic distribution, the interposition of buffers is necessary but these can also lead to a reduction of the necessary throughput due faults. The system behaviour of complex installations can only be investigated by simulation. The parame-ter changes required in order to achieve specific target values can also be determined by simulation runs in iteration loops.


The article is devoted to the analysis of the labor legislation of the Russian Federation in the context of the development of various forms of social partnership. The study concluded that social partnership is one of the forms of coordination of the interests of the parties to the employment contract between the employee and the employer. The development of labor relations in Russia is promoted by various commissions for the regulation of social and labor relations - social partnership bodies that have competence in the field of organizing collective negotiations and drafting collective agreements and contracts in accordance with the legislation


Atmospheric inversion has recently become an important tool in estimating CO2 sinks and sources albeit that the existing inversion results are often uncertain and differ considerably in terms of the spatiotemporal variations of the inverted carbon flux. More measurements combined with terrestrial ecosystem information are expected to improve the estimates of global surface carbon fluxes which are used to understand the relationships between variabilities of the terrestrial carbon cycle and anomalies of climatic factors. Inversions using more observations have often been hampered by the intense diurnal variations of CO2 concentrations at continental sites. Diurnal variations of the surface flux are included with atmospheric boundary dynamics in order to improve the atmospheric inversion accuracy. Modeling experiments conducted in this study show that inverse estimates of the carbon flux are more sensitive to the variation of the atmospheric boundary layer dynamics than to the diurnal variation in the surface flux. It is however generally better to consider both diurnal variations in the inversion than to consider only either of them.Forest carbon dynamics is closely related to stand age. This useful terrestrial ecosystem information has been used as an additional constraint to the atmospheric inversion. The inverse estimates with this constraint over North America exhibit an improved correlation with carbon sink estimates derived from eddy-covariance measurements and remotely-sensed data, indicating that the use of age information can improve the accuracy of atmospheric inversions.Terrestrial carbon uptake is found mainly in northern land, and a strong flux density is revealed in southeastern North America in an improved multi-year inversion from 2002 to 2007. The global interannual variability of the flux is dominated by terrestrial ecosystems. The interannual variabilities of regional terrestrial carbon cycles could be mostly explained by monthly anomalies of climatic conditions or short-time extreme meteorological events. Monthly anomalies of the inverted fluxes have been further analyzed against the monthly anomalies of temperature and precipitation to quantitatively assess the responses of the global terrestrial carbon cycle to climatic variabilities and to determine the dominant mechanisms controlling the variations of terrestrial carbon exchange.