The Indonesian family planning (FP) program has attained field success through implementation strategies centering on communities and clients. The proportion of eligible couples practising FP rose from 2.8% in 1971/72 to 62.6% in 1984/85 and from the late 1960s to the late 1970s fertility declined 16%. This study uses quantitative data from 48 villages selected for varying degrees of program success anthropological field research on 1 village and its subdistrict capital in each of 4 regencies interviews with officials from government agencies and data and publications from the National FP Coordinating Board (NFPCB) the National Development Planning Agency and other Indonesian organizations. In the 1970s: 2200 clinics were built and 6800 field workers were trained. Recently there has been a policy change towards more private sector provision. One of the problems has been a lack of information services to accompany contraceptives. The NFPCB is regionally organized. From the beginning the program has been strongly supported to the point of causing conflict with the Department of Health. FP has been part of a broader strong government initiative for development coupled with a heavy consolidation of government power. Promotion of FP takes place at the village administrator level. According to a correlation study program factors important steps in promoting community acceptance have been convincing religious leaders forming acceptor groups and recruiting traditional birth attendants. The need for medical support has been recognized; its presence seems to increase FP practice. Also attempts have been made to link family planning with other development projects. The program now has problems in developing quantitative success measures in balancing external influences on clients with free choice in deciding how much pressure to exert on other government agencies and in maintaining the commitment of local implementers.


Numerous theoretical and experimental investigations are being carried out on Cu-based alloys due to their technologically important shape memory properties and pseudo-elasticity, which are intimately associated with the martensitic transformation. The austenite phase in Cu-based shape memory alloys is known for its high elastic anisotropy. The complete set of second-order elastic constants (SOECs) and third-order elastic constants (TOECs) of Cu–Al–Ni in the β phase has been obtained. A combination of the deformation theory and finite strain elasticity theory has been employed to get the expressions for the strain energy density of the lattice. The theory is based on the Keating's approach by taking into account the two-body as well as three-body interactions up to second nearest neighbors in the Cu–Al–Ni lattice. The elastic constants are compared with the reported experimental values. The relevant role of the comparatively large TOECs in describing the instability of the bcc structure towards the martensitic transformation is also discussed. The aggregate elastic properties, such as the adiabatic bulk modulus, shear modulus, Cauchy pressure and anisotropy factor, are calculated. The mode Gruneisen parameters of the acoustic waves are determined based on the quasi-harmonic approximation method. The low-temperature limit of the lattice thermal expansion and the Anderson–Gruneisen parameter of Cu–Al–Ni are also obtained.


Possible mechanisms are advanced to account for a number of observations/phenomena associated with the production of volatile metal species arising from photochemical vapor generation in acetic and formic acid media. These systems include mercury, iodine, selenium, iron and nickel as test cases which generate cold vapor, hydrides, methylated and carbonylated species. A model, based on the photochemical generation of free radicals involving ligand to metal charge transfer reductions and oxidations, is consistent with the majority of experimental data, including the identity of the resultant species and the impact of external parameters. This mechanistic framework will hopefully serve to enhance understanding of the technique so as to elicit enhanced performance through development of improved hardware and minimization/control of interferences.


Microbiological risk factors are so prevailing that they can be found in almost all systems of poultry production (Yang et al., 2014), if products are improperly treated while handling, cooking or post cooking and storage. Salmonella has been pathogen of significance, and is a major cause of gastroenteritis in humans (Mead et al., 1999). International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 8 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com


A mobile heterogeneous 3D-media processor which supports all 3D display contents by combining a 3D display IP with a stereo video decoder and a 3D graphics IP is proposed. For mobile environment, adaptive power management scheme is adopted, saving 165mW. For high-end applications, fast modulo operators are designed to synthesize 3D images at 116fps, 17 times faster than the previous work. An IEEE 754 compliant floating point vector unit reduces critical latency by 30%.


The brand loyalty is the important component of enterprise marketing strategy. So at first, this article proposes three dimensions which can influence brand loyalty based on the literature review and carry out the empirical study through the analysis of valid questionnaires. Finally, we can conclude that the brand cognition, quality of service and the customer satisfaction have a remarkable positive correlativity with the brand loyalty, exceptionally, the customer satisfaction play a prominent role in influencing brand loyal.


Abstract At Republic 422e1-423a2, while discussing Callipolis and its ability to wage war, Socrates makes a punning reference to the ancient boardgame polis. In this contest, two opponents deployed sets of identical pessoi (counters) to surround and capture the enemy's forces. Socrates' allusion is not simply amusing; it is well-suited to the dialogue's philosophical content and historical context. With regard to philosophy, Callipolis' guardians resemble the pessoi. Their training makes them equal and interchangeable, while their personal interests are subordinated to those of the group to discourage dissent (stasis) and promote unity. Elsewhere in the Platonic corpus, learning to play polis is mentioned as part of a philosophical education. In the hands of a skilled practitioner like Socrates, dialectic is like playing polis. With regard to history, the Republic's main interlocutors (Socrates, Adeimantus, Glaucon) were soldiers known for their bravery. Moreover, its readers remembered the rule of the Thirty Tyrants and its aftermath. Indeed, the dialogue's arguments about the just city and regime change are framed by an allusion to the movements of Thrasybulus and Critias and their respective troops around the game board of Attica. At Athens, polis was played for high stakes, namely the polis itself.


China's petroleum and chemical industries ran smoothly in 2008 under the unfavorable situation.The deepening and expansion of the global economic crisis has begin to influence those industries of China since September,2008.The problems in the industries in 2008 are analyzed in this paper.The developing tendency of them is previewed,and some countermeasures and advice are put forward for China's petroleum and chemical industries facing the incoming challenge.


Angiogenesis can be regarded as a double-edged sword given its useful actions in repairing tissues, and secondly due to its effects in enhancing tissue damage. Angiogenesis is actually involved in the pathogenesis of disorders in which the inflammatory component is a major contributor for disease progression, such as diabetes. It is now stated that angiogenesis together with vasculogenesis partake to neovascular development. A peculiar characteristic of diabetes is the co-existence of vascular impairment and excessive angiogenesis in distinct organs. But despite this knowledge, many questions remain unanswered. Due to the importance of these systems in diabetes-associated complications, a better understanding of the molecular and cellular processes may open new mechanism-based therapeutic options. Accordingly, the available treatment strategies for diabetes management are not completely efficient, as highlighted by the elevated mortality and morbidity rates associated with this condition. Diabetic nephropathy, which may evolve to end-stage renal failure, and diabetic retinopathy that may progress to blindness are important causes of morbidity. Additionally, chronic nonhealing skin ulceration greatly impairs the quality of life of diabetic patients, resulting often in limb amputation. Cardiovascular events, in turn, are responsible for a significant number of deaths in diabetes. This review aims at highlighting the state-of-the-art in diabetic vascular complications, and comprehends the characterization of neovascular system alterations. The elucidation of the diabetic-associated angiogenic paradox is fundamental for prospecting novel therapeutic interventions.


Mainly for distance open education, Radio TV University has its own distinction on teaching book buildingcompared with regular institute,and has made some progress. But meanwhile,there was also a lot of problems in it,such as its quality should be improved, its adoptability should be strengthened and its distribution should be kept unobstructed. To solve it,we must insist on the direction of teaching book building,strengthen team building, work out the compiling rules, intensify the distinction of distance open educaion and form the teaching book system for student's self-study.


The feasibility of using Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) for solute grain boundary diffusion measurements in thin films is explored in this investigation. Diffusion couples of a sandwiched Al/Cu/Al structure were prepared by sequential deposition in the same pumpdown. The composition profile was determined before and after annealing with an AES system which employed argon sputtering for thin film sectioning. It is shown that both the lattice and grain boundary diffusivities can be extracted from the solute profile based on the Whipple analysis of grain boundary diffusion. At 175°C, the grain boundary diffusivity αDbδ for Cu in Al was determined to be 4.3×10−20 cm3/sec with an estimated error of ±7% from the ion etching damage. The agreement between our measured lattice diffusivity and radioactive tracer data is satisfactory. Some of the problems associated with the AES method for diffusion studies are discussed.


ABSTRACT Living cell membranes, even in the absence of any ambient or applied electric fields, are known to have associated with them weak intrinsic noise, generated as a result of various biochemical and physiological processes taking place in and around the plasma membrane bilayer. This paper presents the theoretical background and details of a biophysical study in the measurement of intrinsic membrane electromagnetic noise within living cells in vitro , on the basis of which a spectroscopy technique is defined. Initial studies have been carried out with cultured yeast cells ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae ). A number of successful recordings of intrinsic noise from aerobic cells have been carried out, demonstrating the presence of intrinsic fields in living and aerobically-respiring cells in an electromagnetically-shielded environment. Our studies also reveal the effect of aerobic respiration on the studied cells, whereby conspicuously higher magnitude noise spectra were seen with aerobically-respiring active yeast cells, as compared to anaerobic cells. The recorded noise had spectral region within the range of Extremely-Low-frequency (ELF) part of the spectrum.


INTRODUCTION. The development of prognostic criteria in brain trauma associated with extracranial injuries is necessary for treatment results definition, getting of priority rating, establishment time and volume of care, for active management of clinical process and timely complications warning. PURPOSE. To determine outcomes and predictive value of risk factors in patients with brain trauma associated with extracranial injuries in-hospital stage of medical care. MATERIAL AND METHODS. Retrospective analysis was performed in 1634 patients who were underwent surgery due to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). There were 22,1% patients with brain trauma associated with extracranial injuries. Using statistical analysis we determined relationships between outcomes and clinical and instrumental signs, obtained during the examination of patients. RESULTS. The extracranial risk factors in patients with brain trauma associated with extracranial injuries were: ISS 40 and over, multiple extracranial injuries, spinal or abdominal injury, age 70 and over, arterial hypoxemia and hypotension, complications in postoperative period. The intracranial risk factors were: GCS score 12 and less, oculomotor nerve dysfunction, abnormal pupil reactivity, pathological motor responses or diffuse muscular tone reducing, brain herniation at the stage of midbrain or pons clinically, brain lesions volume over 90 cm3 , lateral dislocation over 10 mm, absence of basal cisterns on CT scan, VCC-2 less than 8%, brain expansion during surgery. CONCLUSION. Prognostic criteria identified by statistical analysis can be used to assess outcome prognosis at the early stages of medical care in patients with brain trauma associated with extracranial injuries.


Abstract:In the mountains above the now inert streets of Dublin, tensions flare as two men perform army drills. Are they just "messing about," or are they doomed to act out a deadly struggle?


The presentation by Kenneth Dickstein titled "Hints and Tricks in Scientific Publications" is a good and brief guide for everybody interested in an effective scientific writing. It should be certainly forwarded to all younger and less experienced researchers, but also to the majority of experienced and successful science workers. It is really worth reading and thinking over. The presentation is good, because it emphasizes all the crucial aspects of logical and reasonable scientific writing and – in turn – putatively effective publishing. The presentation touches the most important – but how seldom respected in a whole – commitments how to arrange, organize and finally polish our publication prepared for submission. It essentially consists of a set of useful hints on what to take care of and what to avoid. Importantly, it presents the reviewer's and editor's views on our submission, and states what is of crucial importance for their first impression on our work: it actually states how to increase the chance of our publishing success. The presentation is brief but exhaustive: it is like an extract of the magnificent tutorials by Stephan Day and others on "How to write and publish a scientific paper". It may not be considered a replacement for these books, but rather used as a synoptic manual summarizing the most important conceptual ideas of scientific writing, improving and revising. The last one, so frequently underestimated and neglected by young researchers, is often of a definitive importance for the final editorial decision on our manuscript. Our replies to the Reviewers' comments are sometimes regarded as a much better hallmark of our research experience and proficiency than the manuscript itself. Therefore, do not skimp your time when revising! The basic difficulty in scientific writing for young researchers is to prepare an outline of a final manuscript. In fact, as they usually do not know how to cope with this problem, they simply neglect it, obviously unaware that good manuscripts are nearly always generated from good outlines. What an outline presents is a logical structure of the arguments supposed to appear in our paper, with advantages and disadvantages or gaps of our study. The outline should address the answers or comments on the following topics/problems: a) What is the central message of our paper? It does not have to be long; one sentence stating of what are you trying to say in your manuscript is often enough. b) What were the basic question(s) and problem(s) that "triggered" you to start the study? What was known before you started the study? Is your study a repetitive one or completely novel? What answers were needed to address the problem(s)? – preferably list the key point(s). What was your approach to answer the question(s)? c) What is the population of elements which you worked with? No matter whether humans, animals or crystals of a solid chemical – they represent the group of objects that you studied in a hope that your conclusions would refer not only to these particular objects enrolled, but they would be wider, Department of Haemostatic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, Poland


The study is aimed at understanding the variability of sea surface height anomaly (SSHA) of Eastern tropical Indian Ocean (E IO) and assessing its impact on bigeye tuna catchability. A nine-year (1993-2001) time series of SSHA data set are used in this investigation. A sixyear daily tuna fish catch data (1997-1999, and 2004-2006) and a eight-years (1993-2000) monthly average of tuna hook rate is derived from a tuna fishing company "Perikanan Samodra Besar" (PSB) Corp. Ltd. logbooks of 15-20 fishing vessels operated in E IO. Daily and an eight-year of monthly mean SSHA derived from data base of Colorado Center of Astrodynamics Research and NASA-POET-JPL respectively. The Spectrum analysis of SSHA and HR anomaly shows there are two dominant signals are representation of the annual and inter-annual variability. Significant interannual variability of SSHA is influenced El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Indian Ocean Dipole mode (IOD). During ENSO and IOD event, SSHA negative in IOD corresponding to shallow thermocline depth and enhanching upwelling strength. The Monte Carlo analysis shows that the relationship between of the highest hook rate and negative SSHA is significant especially in latitude of 13S, where tuna fishing ground concentrated. The depth of thermocline become shallower and enhanching upwelling m ight have contributed to increase the bigeye tuna catchibility by providing suitable ambient temperature and feeding ground. 2. Data Our study focused in EIO geographically 10S-16S and 105E-120. We used a nine-year (1993-2001) time series of SSHA data set are used in this investigation. A six-year daily tuna fish catch data (1997-1999, and 2004-2006) and a eight-years (1993-2000) monthly average of tuna hook rate is derived from a tuna fishing company "Perikanan Samodra Besar" (PSB) Corp. Ltd. logbooks of 15-20 fishing vessels operated in EIO. Daily and an eight-year of monthly mean SSHA derived from data base of Colorado Center of Astrodynamics Research and NASA-POET-JPL respectively. Bigeye tuna catch index (hereafter referred to as for HR) calculated from bigeye tuna catch divided 100 hooks of long line. We computed a catch rate (HR) which aggregated 1 x 1 o grid area (Fig 1). Indian Ocean INDONESIA EIO -250 -200 -150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150 200 J M M J S N J M M J S N J M M J S N J M M J S N J M M J S N J M M J S N J M M J S N J M M J S N S S H A (m m ) -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 H o o k R a te A n o m a ly SSHA HRA r = -0.32 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 J M M J S N J M M J S N J M M J S N J M M J S N J M M J S N J M M J S N J M M J S N J M M J S N S S H A (m m )


The 4.0 Industrial Revolution and the Internet of Things (IoT) have been a hot topic over the last few years. The Industrial Revolution of 4.0 has brought a drastic change in various aspects of human life. With the growing demand for today's increasingly sophisticated technology in the era, it can bring a tremendous impact on the development of the community. One in five jobs will be replaced by artificial automation and intelligence (AI) within five years as an organization around the world focusing on the use of technology to improve efficiency in their business. New jobs will appear to balance and allow employees to perform higher tasks, which will lead to a restructuring role across the business. In recent years, there has been an increase in technology investment worldwide, and only awaiting robots and other cognitive technologies to work in the place where the development of the community is here encompassing the pros and cons of the technology to the public to achieve the 4.0 industrial Revolution in Malaysia. The development of technology resources nowadays has resulted in a high standard of innovations and creations that can bring the world to the new millennium. As such, the advanced Technology device equipment is now readily available anywhere. According to the official Portal of the National Archives of Malaysia in 2015, innovation in various sources of technology is produced to enable the Community's communication and the current human interaction is more quickly and able to exceed time and place. Due to the widespread use of each generation of advanced technology, it has led to the adoption of moral values and the development of one generation to another.


Using classical Monte Carlo simulation we investigate the evolution of the specific heat in chiral magnets with impurities. Our calculations are made in the framework of a spin lattice model and could be applicable to an analysis of the specific heat in transition-metal monosilicides ${\mathrm{Mn}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}$(Fe,${\mathrm{Co})}_{x}\mathrm{Si}$ with increasing doping. We propose two tentative models for impurity positions in the lattice. In the first one, impurities substitute the regular transition-metal ions in a parent compound. The second one treats impurities as frozen spins placed into interstitial positions of the regular lattice and coupled with their nearest neighbors by random exchange interactions. In both models an increase of doping leads to a quick degradation of the magnetic phase transition, though an evolution of the hump anomaly is not similar. We provide a comparison of the behavior of the specific heat and Bragg scattering amplitude for these two models.


Introduction Based on the Tocilizumab mechanism of action, it is hypothesized that treatment may be useful in patients with lung involvement secondary to SARS-CoV-2 During the COVID-19 emergency, the internal reorganization of an Italian Hospital led to reassign 255 beds of some operating units into 209 beds, dedicated to the COVID-19 patients The off-label use of Tocilizumab began and the supplies of the drug were not such as to guarantee the potential needs Pharmacy Unit needs to introduce a prescribing tool, to be shared and validated among the clinicians involved A prescriptive tool was configured to equalize the right of access to Tocilizumab, to ensure immediate tracking of requests and to be strategically efficient at simplifying the procedures Materials and methods The tool is an online spreadsheet application that can create documents shared at the same time by multiple users with the possibility of inserting, calculating and storing data The grid required the patient's eligibility: age>18 years, informed consent, real-time PCR diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection, hospitalization due to clinical/instrumental diagnosis, presence of acute respiratory distress syndrome, presence of exaggerated inflammatory response To identify objective criteria of priority were considered: patient age and life expectancy based on comorbidities, the pneumonitis burden on CT, oxygen saturation and oxygen therapy in progress, days from the onset of symptoms and H-Score Results The prescriptive tool registered the request for 88 Tocilizumab therapies from March 30th to April 30th with an average of 4,5 therapies in the first 16 days and an average of 1 therapy in the remaining 16 days The strategy of optimizing the available drug resource resulted in a percentage difference between the prescribed drug milligrams and the drug consumed milligrams of -7% Conclusions The prescriptive tool has proved to be useful and intuitive, allowing immediate use by the units authorized to its employment © 2020 Il Pensiero Scientifico Editore s r l All rights reserved


Preterm birth and low birth weight are just two negative fetal outcomes that are linked to PIH. The WHO divides infants into three categories based on birth weight and gestational age: Small for gestational age, Appropriate for gestational age, and Large for gestational age. LBW babies are those who weigh less than 2.5kg within 24 hours of birth, according to these standards. Objectives: To determine the frequency of low birth weight in patients with gestational hypertension. Methods: This Descriptive study was done in department of Obstetrics and Gynecology unit III, Civil Hospital Karachi from 16th February 2019 to 15th August 2019. We enrolled 89women diagnosed with gestational hypertension meeting the criteria. Informed consent was taken. Results: Age range in this study was from 20 to 45 years with majority of the patients 52 (58.43%) were between 18 to 30 years of age. Mean gestational age was 39.51±2.7 weeks. Frequency of low birth weight in patients with gestational hypertension was found in 27 (30.34%) patients. Conclusions: This study concluded that frequency of low birth weight in patients with gestational hypertension is very high.


A pediatrician in your referral area calls you with the following scenario: He has a 4-year-old with recurrent urinary tract infections in the hospital for pyelonephritis with urine culture positive for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Ciprofloxacin is the only oral agent to which the isolate is listed as susceptible on the culture report. The pediatrician wants to discharge the child home on this drug, but states the parents have looked up the package insert online and always have "questions about the safety of everything."He asks you to help him better explain this information to the parents, as well as how it was collected. What can you tell him about the general approach to drug safety in the United States? What other sources of information about the safety and risks of drugs are also available?


In the present era of outcome assessment and accountability, self-efficacy is a popular outcome measure in outdoor and adventure education. Self-efficacy beliefs are context specific perceptions an individual possesses about a likelihood of success in future tasks and are related to well-being confidence, and persistence. However, recent research findings refute the traditional view that more is better, when it comes to selfefficacy beliefs. Specifically, findings indicate that these beliefs can be inaccurate and can easily become inflated resulting in decreases in motivation and performance. Outdoor and adventure-based education is one such context to avoid the inflation of selfefficacy beliefs due to the physical and educational consequences associated with failure (e.g., psychological harm, injury, or death). The following research examined a proposed seven factor structure of outdoor education practice. Exploratory factor analysis results (N = 303) indicated a 23-item, 5factor structure which included (a) instruction and assessment, (b) outdoor classroom management, (c) technical skill, (d) interpersonal skill, and (e) environmental integration. Confirmatory factor analysis (N = 200) examined the fit of this model. Results indicated an acceptable fit with strong internal consistency and convergent validity for the Teaching Outdoor Education Self-Efficacy Scale with 22 items (TOE-SES 22). Subsequent research examined the effects of a monitoring intervention on the accuracy of teaching outdoor education self-efficacy beliefs. Treatment group participants on National Outdoor Leadership School Instructor Courses predicted their performance (a self-efficacy belief) before teaching a course topic, self-assessed that performance, and compared the accuracy of their predictions and self-assessments to an expert evaluation of their performance. Results indicated outdoor educators-in-training integrated this information and calibrated their TOESE beliefs better than the control group. Attending to the accuracy of teacher self-efficacy beliefs early in an educator's career may help him approach or avoid tasks when appropriate and ultimately, direct him toward developing the skills he is lacking. Teaching outdoor education is a complex task involving several factors, monitoring interventions are a strategy outdoor educator trainers should consider in their efforts to help emerging outdoor educators hone a complex set of skills to effectively and safely teach in the outdoors.


A radially-compact subsystem providing particle identification (e/π, π/K, K/p) over a wide momentum range is an essential requirement for the central detector of an Electron-Ion Collider (EIC). With a radial size of only a few cm, a detector based on Detection of Internally Reflected Cherenkov light (DIRC) principle is a very attractive solution. The R&D undertaken by the EIC PID consortium achieved the goal of showing feasibility of a high-performance DIRC that would extend the momentum coverage well beyond state-of-the-art allowing 3σ separation of π/K up to 6 GeV/c, e/K up to 1.8 GeV/c and p/K up to 10 GeV/c. A key component to reach such a performance is a special 3-layer spherical compound lens. This article describes the status of the design and R&D for the DIRC at EIC detector, with a focus on the detailed Monte Carlo simulation results for the high-performance DIRC.


Shrewd channel leadership is required to maximise the benefits and to minimise the many potential problems of exporting through independent overseas distributors. Exporters need to apply effective programmes for distributor recruitment, motivation, support, training, planning, evaluation and control. Recent empirical findings about these issues are, however, scarce. This article provides fresh insights gained in an exploratory study of various dimensions of overseas distributor‐management by British exporters. In terms of recommended practice the findings are equivocal. Distributor recruitment, motivation and evaluation is in general seen as being reasonably well done although there are many areas where scope for improvement is apparent. Distributor training is generally scant and ill‐directed. Areas where improvement may be possible are suggested explicitly and implicitly in the text. Throughout the article, exporters are urged to adopt a "partnership" route to overseas channel management and there is co...


SUMMARY Histopathological responses to Nacobbus aberrans infection in mots of the susceptible Solanunz tuberosum cv. Revolucion, the clone of S. sparsipilum 7601217.7, and the resistant hybrid B-25 from S. tuberosum ssp. andigena were compared. In the compatible response, N. aberrans was able to initiate and maintain the formation of a syncytium and develop to maturity. The syncytia were characterized by dense cytoplasm, hypertrophied nuclei and nucleoli, partial ce11 wall dissolution, hyperplasia, and accumulation of starch grains in the cells surrounding the syncytial zone. In the roots of the " resistant " (incompatible) hybrid B-25, development was inhibited by the formation of necrotic cells surrounding the invading nematode. The clone 7601217.7 showed the presence of physical barriers that delayed nematode invasion; development of the syncytium and of the nematodes were, however, almost the same as observed in the cultivar Revolucion.


The Sabah government said it is committed to reviving the tourism industry together with stakeholders from the sector. State Tourism, Culture and Environment minister Datuk Jafry Ariffin said 2020 was not a good year for tourism in the state due to the Covid-19 pandemic.


There are four state-level historical and cultural cities in Gansu Province—Dunhuang,Zhangye,Wuwei and Tianshui,which are rich of historical,cultural and humanistic resources,and they have the strong value of tourism attraction and tourist economy.However,compared with some state-level historical and cultural cities in other provinces,the four cities are still in a low position of tourism exploitation and the advantage of resources hasn't changed into the advantage of economy.By analysysing development conditions of tourism resources about the four cities,a development stragety of backing on Dunhuang linking up the above four cities,forming Great Dunhuang's tourism tape is put forward.


The development of economy intensifies the risks of enterprises and makes the enterprise owners feel it urgent to devise a scientific and appropriate internal accounting control system. This thesis tries to expand on the means of perfecting internal accounting control system.


This teaching note describes some important DCF-based formulas that are used for setting the horizon value in a corporate valuation. It shows the relationships between them and the key similarities/differences in assumptions. The formulas include the constant growth DCF formula, residual income with constant ROIC, residual income with decaying excess return, the "franchise value" method, the excess earnings growth method, and the "bank income" method. As well as being used for the horizon value for any firm, these formulas can also be used to estimate the current value of mature firms.


The potential of extremely halophilic archaea degrading hydrocarbon in hypersalin environment is reviewed. The emphasis is on the last 30 years studies. The identification of extremely halophilic archaea is important as this type of prokaryote is predominant in the hypersaline environment with NaCl concentration higher than 20% (w/v). Recent studies have shown that extremely halophilic archaea especially those belong to Halobacterium, Haloarcula, and Haloferax might play an important role in hydrocarbon degradation in hypersaline environment. Other that can be found in pristine and hydrocarbon-contaminated hypersaline environment, member of these genuses are also capable of using hydrocarbon as source of energy and carbon.


In this correspondence, a corrected version of the convergence analysis given by Lee and Bresler in the above titled paper (ibid., vol. 56, no. 9, pp. 4402-4416, Sep. 2010) is presented.


The purpose of the study was to determine if there was a positive effeCt on heterogeneously grouped fourth graders when taught the American Sign Language sign _for reading vocabulary words. The subjects for the research consisted of forty-eight students from a suburban, upstate New York state school district. The subjects participated in weekly vocabulary instruction. The treatment group (N=24) was involved in the vocabulary lessons taught by the researcher including instruction of American Sign Language signs for each new vocabulary word for the week. The .control group (N=24) also participated in. vocabulary lessons at the same time, and for the same duration; however, this group was not instructed in American Sign Language. At the completion of each week, the students were given a vocabulary quiz to determine. if they could correctly identify the vocabulary terms with their definitiorr. After 5 weeks of instruction, the stt.~dents were also given a unit test comprised of a sampling of the vocabulary terms. An independent t test was utilized to analyze the results of each research question. The results reported that there was no statistically significant difference between the mean score of the treatment group and the control group on their weekly vocabulary quizzes. There was also no statistically significant difference between the mean scores on their unit vocabulary test. Further research was recommended. Dedication I want to thank all of my friends and family members for supporting me throughout my college career. The support that everyone has provided helped immensely. A special thank you to my husband, Tom. I value all of the love and encouragement you have provided over the past 3 years. Your continuous understanding, through the many assignments, papers and projects was extraordinary. I look forward to the next few months of uninterrupted weekends and quality time together. Finally, to my mother, I appreciate all that you have done for me, and con,tintJe to do for me. The many sacrifices you made to allow me to further my education have not gone unnoticed. Your open door that allowed me. to "move in" each week after a late night (or nights) of graduate school was reassuring when I knew traveling home was not possibl~_. I always knew that you were behind me, supporting me, and pushing me to reach for the·stars. Thank you for everything!


With the increasing economic globalization, intensifying competition, and rapidly enhancing technological progress, service firms such as airports frequently have to keep renewing themselves in order to continue to prosper. By applying a resource perspective, this book examines incentives and barriers affecting the ability to implement innovations in the airport industry. Findings suggest important categories and offer valuable options for managers and academic individuals, especially with regard to organizational structure, roles of individuals, and leadership issues.


Context: Psychosocial health problems are highly prevalent and one of the hidden public health problems amongst the children and adolescents. Early diagnosis by primary care physicians and prompt referral to the specialist is very important for controlling it. Objectives: To screen all school going children for the risk of psychosocial problems, identify risk factors and refer at risk children to the psychiatrist for counseling. Material and Methods: A Cross sectional study in urban and rural field practice area of a teaching hospital in Pune. A screening tool-the youth report of pediatric symptom checklist (Y-PSC) was used .Statistical analysis by Chi square test and Multivariate logistic regression was used as the test for significance. Results: Out of the total 2154 children, 328 (15.2%) were found to be at risk of psychosocial problems. Statistically significant difference was observed as per type of management, medium of education, location of the school, age group, class of the student, total members in the family and socioeconomic status. No significant difference was observed as per gender or the type of the family. However after the application of multinomial logistic regression, significant statistical difference was observed only for the type of management running the schools with significantly more number of proportions of psychological disorders seen in students studying in government run schools. Conclusions: Our study clearly brings out the role of management in psychosocial impairment. The psychosocial impairment is about 15.2% with more impairment seen amongst government schools.


In present paper we introduce the main advantages of modeling atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) properties for determination of mean and peak wind loads on structures. Experimental tests were carried out using wind tunnel with uniform velocity profile and new Landscape Wind tunnel (LWT) of Krylov State Research Centre. General characteristics of simulated boundary layer (such as mean velocity profile and turbulence intensity profile) are presented. For wind loads measurements model of Silsoe cube in a scale of 1:15 was used. Comparison of the data obtained at both test rigs with data published in early studies is performed. New data about aerodynamic forces acting on the model in range of angles of oncoming flow are presented. Algorithm for determination of peak wind loads is discussed.


The article is devoted to the analysis and improvement of existing mechanisms to stimulate innovation at the regional level. The author's vision of the definition "organizational and economic mechanism of innovation activity in the region" is presented. The principles on which this mechanism should be built, its structure, are defined as the interrelation of the functional subsystem, the support subsystem, economic levers and processes. The components of the functional subsystem are also characterized. The proposed organizational and economic mechanism for stimulating innovation, unlike the existing ones, includes the activities of business incubators, as the main organizational entities which create opportunities for the implementation of innovative start-ups. The non-linear nature of the process of generation, emergence and development of innovations in the region is revealed with the help of "mutual amplification circuits", "limitation circuits", "closure circuits", "time delay problems", and "selection tool". The mechanisms for transferring innovative potential and resources available in the region to innovative products, mechanisms for bringing these products to the market have been processed. A mechanism for the functioning of the "sequence" method is proposed, which solves the problem posed. It has been proved that it is advisable for business incubators to use tools for stimulating innovation activity and methods of its practical implementation for the primary assessment of innovative ideas. It allows assessing the possibilities of the market and business, the degree of substantiation of the idea, the availability and availability of resources for its implementation, user requests and prospects for patenting the idea. An improved algorithm for the implementation of an innovative idea provides for the sequential implementation of the following steps: formulation of a business idea, evaluation of the idea, evaluation of the results, evaluation of the prospects for the implementation of the idea.


all desires and beliefs considered detrimental to the ultimate goal of the revolution were projected onto the figure of the sexualized woman, while the theory of the revolution itself was sexualized through a cult of militant, ascetic masculinity closely associated with the KPD" (179). Women and their emotionality, it seems, were not part of the progressive discourse. Hake's book has a mosaic-like structure. While she refers back to previous ones, the chapters can be read in any order. Unusually, her literature review appears in the afterword and, partly, at the beginning of each chapter. She supplements the text with rich footnotes that invite the reader to explore further. The second part of this two-volume project will continue the research into the years 1933 to 1989. This should be interesting as Hake will follow the "proletarian dream" in the Third Reich as well as East and West Germany, with each claiming their distinct realization of this dream. If the first volume is any indication of what is to come, we can look forward to another interesting book.


Financial markets underwent deep changes quickly developing the too last areas under the influence of the government regulation of the limit, the globalization and the computer and the information technique decade.  The most dangerous foreign financial risks of the stability are taking place: uncertainty of comprehensive economic tendencies; competition devaluation of domestic currencies in a few countries which causes low dynamisms of individual elements of the global request causes the loss of the competitiveness of the price of domestic products in international markets; protectionist commercial centres; continued rise in the foreign debt of Ukraine; changing global investment flows towards reducing the inflow of the foreign capital to less extended countries.


The principle and characteristics of vibrofloatation method and immersed stone pile method in foundation treatment were analyzed,their different and like were compared,the piling property and cost were analyzed,so as to help engineering technical personnel choose different piling method according to different foundation situation.


VOLUME II: Preface. Who is the Villain? Classification and Reactivities of Oxygen Species in Biological Systems. Nonenzymatic and Enzymatic Production of Oxygen Radicals in Biological Systems. Production of Oxygen Radicals by Xenobiotics. Production of Oxygen Radicals by Cells. The Interaction of Oxygen Radicals with Natural and Biologically Active Compounds, Cellular Components and Cells. Appendices. Index.


: The exposure of an individual to heat during hot weather depends on several factors including
local outdoor temperatures and possible Urban Heat Island (UHI) effects, the thermal performance of the
building they inhabit, and any actions that they are able to take in order to modify the indoor thermal
conditions. There is an increasing body of research that seeks to understand how housing, UHI, and
occupant profiles may alter the risk of mortality during hot weather. Housing overheating models have
been of particular interest due to the amount of time spent indoors and the need to improve the energy
efficiency of the UK housing stock. A number of housing overheating models have been created in order to
understand how changes to the building stock and climate may alter heat exposure and risks of heatrelated
mortality. We briefly describe the development of a metamodel – a model derived from the
outputs of EnergyPlus dynamic thermal simulation models of building variants – and its application to a
housing stock model representative of the West Midlands, UK. We model the stock under a 'current'
scenario, as described by the 2010-2011 English Housing Survey, and then following a full energy-efficient
building fabric retrofit or the installation of external window shutters. Initial results indicate a wide range of
overheating risks inside dwelling variants in Birmingham, with flats and bungalows most vulnerable to
overheating, and detached dwellings least vulnerable. Modelling of the full retrofit of buildings indicated
that the stock would experience an overall increase in overheating, while external shutters were able to
decrease overheating significantly.


We present a case study analysis of teacher empowerment and student learning through Constructionist engagement with computational technologies and learning about learning itself. Looking beyond how a teacher overcomes hesitations about new technologies, we consider how he redefines his own understandings of learning as he begins to use computational technologies in working alongside his students. The teacher's emerging self-reflective practice and heightened selfesteem enable him to better understand the multifaceted structure of the learning situation and his own relations to its social, cognitive, and affective aspects.


The present investigation was conducted in Rajgarh District, Block Khilchipur, Zeerapur, Sarangapur, Narsinghgarh, Bioara ,Rajgarh M.P. during the year 2013-14 the main objective of this study was to fine out the utilization level of communication channels of wheat growers and find out the association between social participation of respondents and utilization level of communication channels. The study revealed that television was the most utilized communication channel followed by progressive farmers and radio study also revealed that there was a positive and significant relationship between social participation of respondent and utilization level of communication channel.


Specific adsorption of ions of ionic liquids on an electrode plays an important role in controlling the mass and/or charge transport phenomena in electrochemical techniques. Insufficient experimental evidences put limit on wider acceptance and usage of ionic liquids in the field of energy devices. In the present study, two different photoelectrochemical cells (PECs) having configurations as (i) PbOx/Fe(CN)6-4/-3/Pt and (ii) PbOx/[Bmim]Tf2N/Pt were utilized to provide the experimental pathway and to unveil the adsorption characteristics of ion-pairs of any ionic liquid. The photoresponse curves of PECs under chopped light illumination conditions were used to extract the flatband potential of PbOx film. The band edge positions and electron affinity of PbOx films were calculated with the help of Mott-Schottky plots. It is well known that the adsorption properties of electrolytes can be understood by calculating the point of zero charge (pHpzc). Hence, this parameter was calculated by analyzing the temperature dependent flatband potential which may further unveil the adsorption characteristics of ionic liquids. This study is an unexplored approach to get closer to the understanding of inherent properties of ionic liquids which can be of utmost interest to either basic or applied field researchers.


Fondaparinux sodium, a selective inhibitor of factor Xa, is a new anticoagulant being used for thromboprophylaxis in all patient populations. We outline a case of neuraxial anesthesia for cesarean delivery in a patient with recent fondaparinux use and discuss most recent literature recommendations.


This research aims to know the perceptions and cognitive level of students on Animalia, and the perception of teachers on teaching Animalia. Twenty-five of 11 graders of high school and five biology teachers from public and private of five high schools in Surakarta were selected purposively as participants. Data of students' cognitive level was tested by sort of validated instrument using QUEST program, whilst data on students' perceptions was collected by questionnaire. Lesson plan of teachers were analyzed to obtain teachers' perceptions. The result shows the average of students' cognitive level score was 77.22 in lower order thinking, and 43.46 in higher order thinking skills. Students said that memorizing and understanding the biological nomenclature of Animalia is the most difficult matter (40%). Students prefer to learn by memorizing the concepts and connecting to the real phenomena (36%). However, there were 32% students did not meet the minimum requirement. Students said that learning process are mostly expository (28%), but only 25% of students get bored. The result of teachers' lesson plan analysis show that teachers scored 75 on making indicators; 75 on content; 50 on method; 60 on topic sequences; and 75 on assessment, and the average was 67. It can be concluded that students found some difficulties in understanding basic concepts of Animalia, particularly related to nomenclature and classification. Whilst, teachers' lesson plan has not meet yet the good category, and it should be improved by some related trainings on how to design the qualified lesson.


I develop a structural model of mortgage demand and lender competition to study how leverage regulation a ffects the equilibrium in the UK mortgage market. Using variation in risk-weighted capital requirements jointly across lenders and mortgages with di fferential loan-to-values, I show that a one-percentage-point increase in risk-weighted capital requirements increases lenders' marginal cost of originating mortgages by about 26 basis points (11 percent) for the average mortgage product. I use the estimated model to study proposed leverage regulations. Counterfactual analyses show that large lenders exploit a regulatory cost advantage, which increases concentration of mortgage originations by about 20 percent, and suggest that banning high loan-to-value mortgages may reduce large lenders' equity bu er.


The aim of this study was to assess perinatal outcomes in women with chronic hypertension (CH) stratified into four groups according to their blood pressure (BP) control in the first trimester of pregnancy.


This article characterizes three moments of change in the structure of the international system but focuses on this century. It looks at opportunities created for Latin American states by the rise of China in world markets; the enhanced capacities of Latin American states vis-a-vis major powers and institutions as a consequence of the international commodity boom; the disruption of the international system caused by U.S. foreign policy at the start of the century and the subsequent balancing against U.S. power; the breakdown in the inter-American ideological consensus from the 1990s; and the intensified securitization of relations with the United States.


In a power system, as a power load demand varies randomly, both area frequency and line power also vary. The objectives of load frequency control (LFC) are to minimize the transient deviations in these variables (area frequency and line power) and to ensure their steady state errors to be zeros. When dealing with the LFC problem of power systems, unexpected external disturbances, parameter uncertainties and the model uncertainties of the power system pose big challenges for controller design. In this project, a reduced-order state observer with a practical point of view for LFC problem in a power system is proposed based on the pole-placement method. A proper choice of closed-loop pole location has been proposed using symmetrical root locus (SRL) method. In the practical environment, there is limited access to all state variables of system and measuring all of them is usually impossible. So when the available sensors are less than the number of states or when it may be undesirable, expensive or impossible to measure directly all of the states, a reduced-order state observer can be applied as proposed in this project. The proposed strategy is tested on a single area power system. The dynamic model of the power system and the controller design based on the model are elaborated. The robustness and stability of the control schemes is examined through simulations.


: Modern cities may rely on a traffic control scheme to reduce traffic congestion and its detrimental consequences in this sense. Traffic management systems consist of a series of applications and management devices aimed at enhancing the overall performance and protection of transport systems in terms of traffic. In addition, the traffic management framework gathers information from heterogeneous sources to get around this issue, utilizes the information to detect threats that could contribute to traffic efficiency deterioration, and then delivers services to monitor it. This article explores a classification, analysis, problems, and potential opportunities for incorporating a traffic management scheme with this issue in mind. In modern society, quick mobility is one of the most important needs.


An integral‐differential equation is developed which gives the intensity within a scattering medium as a function of position and direction. The scattering properties of an infinitesimal volume of the medium are assumed known, but no special assumption is made concerning their nature. The equation is put in a form suitable for numerical solution.


Problem. Every Seventh-day Adventist pastor in Zimbabwe at one time or another has had to deal with a situation where church members consult their ancestors when threatened by sickness, death, misfortune, or a series of tragedies. The Adventist church correctly takes a strong stand against ancestral practices. Despite such a stand the ancestral practices have persisted among many Adventists. Paradoxically, while church members are given the correct teaching before baptism, many continue to regard the ancestors as the court of appeal in times of crisis. This study is undertaken to understand the nature of this traditional religion in order to promote Christian faith among Adventists in Zimbabwe. Method. A description and an analysis of the traditional religion is undertaken through utilization of the already abundant anthropological literature on this religion. An attempt is made to determine the basic tenets of the cult and the meaning the cult has to its adherents. This approach has helped to determine the reasons why many Adventists resort to this cult in times of difficulty. The Epistle to the Hebrews is used to provide answers to the human predicament. Results. Investigation shows that this religion is operative on three levels: first, the level of Mwari, the high god, who is beyond the reach of individual members of society but who can be approached through mediums during a national crisis; second, the spirit world inhabited by ancestors, alien and avenging spirits; and third, the living members of society among whom the mediums of the spirit world operate. These levels form entities of power from which blessings and curses derive. Hence, the individual in society attempts to acquire, retain, and utilize appropriate powers in order to deal with the human predicament. Conclusions. This study concludes that an understanding of the portrayal of Christ in the Epistle to the Hebrews as creator, sustainer, son, heir, brother, pioneer, forerunner, prophet, priest, and king invalidates the role of the ancestors as an answer to the human predicament.


Airborne fungi behaves as an indicators of the levels of atmospheric biopollutants. The study was carried out during the period of March 2017-
February 2018. The fungi were isolated from the area of vegetable market of Wardha city. The exposed petriplate method were used for the isolation
of fungi from morning and evening hours and humidity and temperatures were recorded regularly. Total 835 and 800 fungal colonies were recorded
during one-year study period and they were belonging to 95 fungal species. The fungus Cladosporium cladosporoides, C. herbarum, A.niger ,A.
flavus, A. nidulans, A.fumigatus was the prevalent isolated types from vegetable market area of Wardha city from morning and evening hours.
Maximum percentage contribution of fungal colonies was observed at morning and evening hours during rainy (41.43%), (40.05%) and winter
season (39.64%), (41.16%) followed by summer season (18.92%), (18.03) respectively


BACKGROUND Working in anaesthesia is stressful, but also satisfying. Work-related stress can have a negative impact on mental health, whereas work-related satisfaction protects against these harmful effects. OBJECTIVE(S) How work stress and satisfaction are experienced may be related to personality. Our aim was to study the relationship between personality and perception of work in a sample of Dutch anaesthesiologists. compared with the resilient profile. Experience of the emotionally difficult caseload did not differ between the two profiles CONCLUSION Personality profiles were found to be related to anaesthesiologists' experience of work-related stress and satisfaction. One-third of the anaesthesiologists in our sample were categorised as distressed and are at risk of developing work-related mental health problems.


A family of pentagonal quasicrystals can be defined by projecting a section of the five-dimensional cubic lattice to two dimensions. A single parameter, the sum of intercepts $\Gamma=\sum_j \gamma_j$, describes this family. Each value of $0\le \Gamma \le \frac{1}{2}$ defines a unique local isomorphism class for these quasicrystals, with $\Gamma=0$ giving the Penrose lattice. Except for a few special values of $\Gamma$, these lattices lack simple inflation-deflation rules making it hard to count how frequently a given local configuration is repeated. We consider the vertex-tight-binding model on these quasicrystals and investigate the strictly localized states (LS) for all values of $\Gamma$. We count the frequency of localized states both by numerical exact diagonalization on lattices of $~10^5$ sites and by identifying localized state types and calculating their perpendicular space images. While the imbalance between the number of sites of the sublattices of the bipartite quasicrystal grows monotonically with $\Gamma$, we find that the localized state fraction first decreases and then increases as the distance from the Penrose lattice grows. The highest LS fraction of $~10.17\%$ is attained at $\Gamma=0.5$ while the minimum is $~4.5\%$ at $\Gamma \simeq 0.12$. The LS on the even sublattice are generally concentrated near sites with high symmetry, while the LS on the odd sublattice are more uniformly distributed. The odd sublattice has a higher LS fraction, having almost three times the LS frequency of the even sublattice at $\Gamma=0.5$. We identify 20 LS types on the even sublattice, and their total frequency agrees well with the numerical exact diagonalization result for all values of $\Gamma$. For the odd sublattice, we identify 45 LS types. However, their total frequency remains significantly below the numerical calculation, indicating the possibility of more independent LS types.


An experiment was conducted during 2005–07 on influence of pruning intensity on flowering, fruit yield and floral malformation in three mango cultivars ('Amrapali', 'Mallika' and 'Dashehari') planted under high density. The pruning intensity at moderate level took least days to 50% flowering, had highest number of panicles per branch (5.13, 5.66), longest blooming period (22.00, 22.66 days) and lowest sex ratio (7.41, 6.85) while no-pruning (control) had delayed flowering with lowest number of panicles per branch, shortest bloom period but then highest sex ratio. Moderate pruning drastically reduced the floral malformed panicles (9.40, 11.21) than the control (51.23, 41.39). The control (un-pruned) trees in all cultivars showed the higher malformation incidence, while lower was registered after pruning. Fruit drop and yield were also significantly affected by pruning intensity. The fruit drop reduced significantly with severe pruning (77.19, 78.43%), which was lower than the control (86.53, 87.76%). Moderately pruned trees had the highest fruit yield (6.55, 8.59 kg tree−1) than un-pruned ones (5.10, 6.45 kg tree−1) and they also had maximum number of fruits per panicle. Conclusively, the light pruning for 'Amrapali', moderate for 'Mallika' and severe pruning for 'Dashehari' can be recommended for restoring the production and productivity in high density orchards.


We present a new bioinformatics approach to identify Conserved Nucleotide Elements (CNEs) in the three domains of life (Eukarya, Bacteria, Archaea), that play important functional roles. Using ARB/SILVA, we developed a Full Length Organismal rRNA Alignment database (FLORA) that was filtered to include only complete rRNA sequences, each entered only once in the database. Our analysis identified 63, 49 and 48 CNEs that are ≥6 nt in 23S–28S rRNA of Eukarya, Bacteria and Archaea. Nine of these CNEs are universally conserved (uCNE) in all domains of life. They map to area of known function, but also to areas of undiscovered function in rRNA. In addition, structure‐based quantification of motifs across all domains of life identified domain‐specific CNEs: 12 uniquely conserved in all Eukarya, 3 only in Bacteria and 1 only in Archaea. Thus, domain specific CNEs are largely a eukaryotic phenomenon, and represent new structural features in eukaryotic ribosomes. We are completing a similar analysis to identify CNEs in the small ribosomal subunit, where we have identified 26, 24 and 24 CNEs in 16S–18S rRNA of Eukarya, Bacteria and Archaea.


Permanently shadowed regions (PSRs) are abundant at the lunar poles. They experience no direct sunlight and reach temperatures as low as 30 K. PSRs are of interest as evidence suggests that some may contain water ice (H2O/OH‐), which could provide a record of the evolution of volatiles in the inner solar system. This water ice is also a critical resource for life‐support systems and rocket propellant. A better understanding of mechanical properties of PSR regolith, such as its bearing capacity, will help optimize the design of future exploration rovers and landers. Thirteen boulder tracks were identified on the edge of, or inside, south polar lunar PSR enhanced imagery and used to estimate the strength of the PSR regolith at latitudes of 70° to 76° in sites with maximum annual temperatures of 65 to 210 K. PSR boulder track features are similar to those observed in highland, mare, and pyroclastic regions of the Moon, implying similar properties of the regolith. Measured features were used to estimate bearing capacity for PSR regolith at depths of ~0.28 to 4.68 m. Estimated bearing capacity values suggest that these PSRs may be somewhat stronger than highland and mare regions at depths of 0.28 to 1.00 m. Bearing capacity in these PSRs is statistically the same as those in other regions of the Moon at depths of 1.00 to 2.00 m. The results of this study can be used to infer bearing capacity as one measure for the trafficability of lower‐latitude PSRs of the type measured here.


Service-orientated architecture - not a novel concept but a technology that is finally being delivered that allows it to provide the building blocks on which to manage our processes.


main causes, i.e., systematic differences in the frequency standards and inherent random noise processes. For time synchronization, theoretical considerations indicate that a third-order feedback systsm wil l automatically remove the systematic difficulties of typ ica l frequency standards used in time scale work. The whole system i s simulated with a computer to determine the systems feasibiliff rnd operating parameters. I n this treatment we assume that time comparisons for synchronization would be intermittent and that the frequency standard may be represented by a systematic linear frequency drift with a random flicker noise spectrum ( l / ( f l ) of the frequency fluctuations. On the basis of the computer results an electromechanical system was designed and built. When the input to the system is the frequency from a high quality quartz crystal oscillator, the output frequency has no measurable frequency drift. I f synchronization is performed every 12 hours, the rms time error predictad by the system for the time of the next synehroniration i s 70 nanoseconds, which is near theoretical optimum.


This study examines the effects of internal control system and Analysis of characteristics and Earning management in Vulnerable Cooperation. During research period 20052007, Purpose of this study is to examines whether financial characteristics has exist or not. Second, Earning management also. As a result of analysis are as follows, First T-test and logistic regression has found explanatory with stastical significance about CURRENT, RNPS, and DEPT. Second, DA of Vulnerable Cooperation is significantly higher than Normal cooperation.


A 15-year-old boy was referred for evaluation of a murmur detected during a preparticipation athletic examination (PAE) for high-school football. There was no family history of cardiopulmonary disorders. The child's birth had been a normal term delivery and he had an uneventful childhood and early adolescence. He specifically denied any exertional dyspnea, chest pain, peripheral edema, or cyanosis. Physical examination revealed a morphologically normal male adolescent in the 90th percentiles for height and weight. He was afebrile. Respiratory rate


The history of soil organic matter study, introduction of the term fulvic acids, and their analytical determination was examined. Doubt was cast on the existence of fulvic acids as the components of soil humus. Analytical practice and theoretical considerations make it possible to state that the fulvic acids determined according to Forsyth and, all the more, Tyurin do not represent an individual group of substances different from humic acids. They are formed as a result of the analyses themselves causing the partial hydrolysis of high molecular compounds The classic Cha: Cfa ratio can and must be preserved, but it should be regarded only as the characteristic of the degree of the hydrolyzability of humic acids proper. A revision of the whole nomenclature of the classification of soil humus is needed.


Abstract The paper presents a new approach to a low-pressure fiber-optic sensing employing pressure-induced deformation effects occurring in twisted nematic LC cells. This method is particularly suitable for measurement of pressures up to 2 MPa and utilizes strong rotatory power occurring in chiral nematic liquid crystals. The effect manifests itself in rotation of linear polarization of light coming through a LC cell and resides in detecting changes in helicoidal pitch of a chiral nematics under the pressure-induced deformation of the cell. Results indicate that this method of hydrostatic pressure measurement offers high response to pressure with reduced temperature sensitivity and, depending on the on the specific LC materials and on geometry of the LC cell used, can be pre-set for a required range of pressure.


The liver is a primary target organ of colorectal cancer metastases. Surgical resection is pres-ently the only approach that offers patients a substantial chance of cure. Five-year survival ranges 25% -39%. But by the time of diagnosis, only 10% -25% of patients were considered eligible for surgical directed thera-pies. New therapeutic modalities such as ablation, hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy, neoadjuvant chem-otherapy and targeted therapy present promise for the future treatment of unresectable liver metastases. These treatments and progress in surgical therapy are reviewed in this article.

Key words:
Colorectal cancer; Liver metastasis; Liver metastasectomy; Neoadjuvant chemotherapy


The KEKB B-factory is an energy-asymmetric e+edouble-ring collider at KEK. It has been operated since December 1998, and has recently marked the peak luminosity of 7.35 /nb/s which is the highest value in the history of colliders. By several improvements such as solenoid windings in LER, new moving-chamber masks in HER, etc., the luminosity performance of KEKB has been significantly upgraded last year. This paper mainly describes the progress after the summer shutdown in 2001. 1 OVERVIEW The luminosity performance of KEKB, both peak and integrated luminosities, has been almost doubled in a year, as shown in Fig. 1. The main beam parameters at the peak record are listed in Table 1, compared with those about a year ago. While the main optical parameters, ex, β ∗ x,y, σz, and the number of bunches were almost unchanged, the beam-beam parameters increased as the bunch current increased. The total beam currents are now mainly limited by heating of the IR masks closest to the IP, due to both HOM and synchrotron light.


Focused on systematic views,economic views,values,production views and consumption views of circular economy,combining basic principle of industrial economics and regional economics,this paper made an analysis on the three largest economic models and traditional industrial economies in the world.Aiming at present problems of China's circular economy,this paper discussed about the construction of circular economy in perspectives of enterprise internal circulation,inter-industry circulation and whole cycle of the society,and put forward some suggestions in social basis,guarantee policy,system safeguard,technology development and different economic situation coordination.


A coupled system of Maliuzhinets' functional equations for a pair of unknown functions is studied. It is shown that the system can be solved in an explicit form for a specific but non-trivial class of its matrix coefficients. Two examples arising in electromagnetic diffraction theory in a wedge-shaped region are briefly discussed.


Four non‐heterocystous cyanobacterial strains isolated from rhizosphere and soil surface mat of rice, wheat, and maize were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and evaluated for auxin production as well as growth promotion of wheat. Isolated strains produced a diverse amount of auxin in BG11 media supplemented with different concentrations of L‐tryptophan. The amount of auxin detected with colorimetric methods was higher as compared to GC–MS analysis. Auxin production by cyanobacterial strains in BG 11 medium supplemented with 250 µg ml−1 L‐tryptophan ranged from 0.20 to 1.63 µg ml−1 IAA as revealed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometric (GC–MS) analysis. In a hydroponic growth system, the vegetative growth of wheat was stimulated appreciably by inoculation with cyanobacterial strains. The endogenous auxin content of wheat was significantly correlated with the exogenous auxin production of the cyanobacterial strains. It was observed that cyanobacterial strains produced more endogenous and exogenous auxin in the presence of a plant, showing that plants might be releasing some signals responsible for higher auxin production by cyanobacterial cultures. It was concluded that the auxin producing potential of cyanobacterial strains can be exploited for the promotion of wheat growth.


The paper deals with the effect of the adoption of prestress on the structural anticracking behavior through the analysis of finite element method. The adoption of prestress enhances the cracking load and utilizes the masonry resistance ability effectively. Simultaneously, the paper compares the structure behavior with different prestress load and gives the location where the principal stress occurs and the area of crack.


In the ' Philosophical Magazine,' vol. 9, 1905, p. 397, I gave an analysis of the stresses in a pure shear which appeared to show that if e is the angle of shear and if n is the rigidity, then a pressure n e2 exists perpendicular to the planes of shear. That analysis is, I believe, faulty in that the diagonals of the rhombus into which a square is sheared are not the lines of greatest elongation and contraction, and are not at right angles after the shear, when second order quantities are taken into account, i . e ., quantities of the order of e2; I think the following analysis is more correct, and though it does not give a definite result, it leaves the existence of a longitudinal pressure an open question. The question appears to be answered in the affirmative by some experiments, described in the second part of the paper, in which loaded wires were found to lengthen when twisted by a small amount proportional to the square of the twist. I.— Stresses in a Pure Shear . Let a square ABCD (fig. 1) of side a be sheared into EFCD by motion through AE = d , the volume being constant. The angle of shear is ADE = e, and tan e = d / a exactly ; neglecting e3, we may put e = d / a .


A multi-wire proportional counter hodoscope, efficient for both primary track recovery and reading out all wires set by secondary electrons, was flown in a balloon flight experiment covering the range of cosmic ray charge from 4 to 28 and kinetic energy T greater than 0.5 GeV/nucleon. Data on the secondary electron effects in the hodoscope is presented for primary nuclei between C and Fe and kinetic energies between 0.6 and 7.0 GeV/nucleon. The total number of affected anodes in the hodoscope is seen to increase linearly with the cosmic ray change, with a slope that depends strongly on energy over this limited primary energy range.


This paper discusses the challenges posed by the advent of e-health. To contextualise the phenomenon, it defines the environment in which it arises: digital capitalism. The predatory dynamics of this social structure are likely to transform medical practice. Contemporary medicine seems to be poised between a renewed attention to the patient and their dignity – perspective of the medical humanities – and the reduction of the patient to a mere object of study and discipline – biomedicine. By favouring the quantification of the patient and a depersonalising approach, digital medicine risks breaking the bond between these two sides of medicine. At the same time, the development of medical technologies in a capitalist environment poses other risks that need to be weighed up: from the gratuitous appropriation of personal data to the creation of a discriminatory and classist healthcare system. Only by openly addressing these problems will it be possible to integrate these new technologies in a democratic way that promotes the common good.


This study develops Finnish teacher education by exploring the perspectives of teacher student's on older people's media education and equipping teacher students to better support older people's media literacies. Student teams designed media-literacy interventions in the context of a course, "Older People, Media Education, and Facilitation of Learning," offered in separated teacher pedagogical studies at one Finnish University during the academic year 2019‒2020. Research participants included 22 teacher students and 15 stakeholders (older people and professionals working with older people). The research data consists of students' designs and presentations on how media education should be implemented for older people as well as feedback from stakeholders. The research data was collected during the course and evaluation workshop organized at the end of the course as part of an ongoing project. Results indicate that creative and need-based pedagogies were emphasized and course development should be continued in light of the results.


Using poly(vinylpyrrolidone) as a carrier, solid dispersions of osthole were prepared by solvent method. The dissolution of the solid dispersion was detected with the use of scanning electron microscope, IR spectrometer and UV spectrometer results showed that in contrast with the osthole and the physical mixtures of osthole and carrier the dissoluation of solid dispersion was significantly increased. These was no chemical reaction between osthole and carrier.


The purpose of this paper was to explore a multi-fractal method to characterize urban land price field for its spatial distribution in the context of that the conventional interpolation method inevitably smoothed the data set and concealed the realities of local anomaly information.Multi-fractal interpolation model was employed in the paper.The results indicated that 1)the main parts of urban land price data were approximately lognormal distribution.Both ends of the data significantly deviated from the lognormal distribution,which was the precondition for applying the multi-fractal method to characterize urban land price distribution;2) the interpolation result not only effectively characterized the spatial distribution of urban residential land price,but also actively measured the singularity of the land price distribution.It was concluded that multi-fractal interpolation method could make up for the disadvantage of average smoothing method,which could highlight the local singularity information of land price distribution.This method could be used as references for characterizing the spatial distribution of similar socio-economic data.


Abstract: This objective of the study was to share experience on how to make science interesting for elementary school students through preparing elementary school teachers by using TDPSPM strategy at distance education mode. Instructional media used were video recorded modeling which consists of an example the way teachers teach science in elementary school besides modules by implementing R & D cycles. Based on the data analyses of pretest and posttest it can be concluded that student's achievement increased significantly. Further more, instruction's strategy used by teachers which is put students as a center of instruction can bring into reality "science is fun" in elementary school.


Disclosed is a wireless communication system which is provided with: a base station apparatus; a mobile station apparatus that performs wireless communication with the base station apparatus; and a relay station apparatus that relays the wireless communication between the base station apparatus and the mobile station apparatus. The relay station apparatus performs switching between transmitting mode and non-transmitting mode, with respect to synchronization signals or reference signals to be transmitted to the mobile station apparatus.


Over the past few months, Ruth Frost has spent time observing the interior spaces of Domain House. Despite its current state of neglect, the building still retains its elegance and appeal.  Through the use of time-lapse photography and still images she has used the passage of light as poetic metaphor for an ephemeral human presence and to draw attention to the enduring physical nature of the site through time. The work forms part of an ongoing study into the visual qualities of memory and its relationship to photographic representation.


We present a numerical tool for large-scale 3D radiative transport simulations related to high energy density plasmas (HEDP). Angular non-uniformity of photon distribution function can be accounted in second-order self-adjoint transport equation. We apply DG procedure to self-adjoint transport equation which leads to a set of elliptic-type equations. They may be solved independently giving good opportunity for using of any paradigm of parallelization. Note that accurate simulation requires the value of tens to hundreds for both M (the number of spectral groups) and N (the number of quadrature points on a sphere). Spatial discretization yields linear system with a symmetric positive definite matrix allowing application of effective linear solvers (Krylov solvers or Chebyshev - Richardson iterations). The energy balance is calculated via numerical radiative fluxes which are restored from discrete photon distributions by means of special quadratures for radiative fluxes. The numerical algorithm was incorporated into the scientific CFD code MARPLE3D (Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics -- KIAM). We employed mixed element computational meshes (hexahedral, tetrahedral, prismatic cells and their combinations) up to tens million cells. Numerical experiments demonstrated good scalability at KIAM RAS K-100 scalable GPGPU-based hybrid computing system. We have obtained robust numerical procedures suitable for multiscale simulations in finely discretized computational domains. It's a promising technique for upcoming exaflop computing.


Current developments In today's era, there are still many companies or businesses that still do not use technology. To be able to provide information, internet technology is needed. Accessing the internet can be done anytime and anywhere if a connection is available. All companies will compete with each other to use this technology to market and sell their products so that companies can develop and are able to continue to compete with other companies. efficient, the means is an online marketing and sales system. Based on this situation, the company decided to develop a website like e-commerce. Then a sales information system was made which is similar to an e-commerce website. To train how to market products and the buying and selling process, we can start using the e-commerce web. Making this system will be able to reduce problems that occur between buyers and sellers because it is done by use a system that is usually connected to internet. In addition, buyers can also view detailed product information and understand the product they want to buy. This system is made using the PHP programming language with the Laravel framework. The Laravel framework is a website development that is formed in the PHP language. The results of this research are in the form of designing a web-based online sales system that can also be used to find out detailed product information. respondents, the results of this questionnaire get a percentage value of 95% so it can be concluded that this online sales system can be used, and makes it easier for users.


This valuable casebook, written specifically for library and information science professionals, presents 125 case studies that combine theories of ethics and librarianship with practical, real-life scenarios. After an introduction on ethics in library and information science, chapters are devoted to ethical issues in five categories: intellectual freedom, privacy, intellectual property, professional ethics, and intercultural information ethics.Every chapter contains a theoretical introduction followed by 25 case studies, each of which includes its own set of discussion questions and references. Readers will most likely be familiar with the concepts, professional considerations, and ethical issues related to the case studies in the first four categories, while the still-emerging realm of intercultural information ethics illustrates the evolving nature of library and information work from a global perspective. Perfectly suited to classroom use, these case studies help bridge the complicated gap between students, academics, and practitioners in the field, by promoting critical thinking and responsible action.


Before the COVID-19 pandemic, video was already one of the main media used on the internet. During the pandemic, video conferencing services became even more important, coming to be one of the main instruments to enable most social and professional human activities. Given the social distancing policies, people are spending more time using these online services for working, learning, and also for leisure activities. Videoconferencing software became the standard communication for home-office and remote learning. Nevertheless, there are still a lot of issues to be addressed on these platforms, and many different aspects to be reexamined or investigated, such as ethical and user-experience issues, just to name a few. We argue that many of the current state-of-the-art techniques of Artificial Intelligence (AI) may help on enhancing video collaboration services, particularly the methods based on Deep Learning such as face and sentiment analyses, and video classification. In this paper, we present a future vision about how AI techniques may contribute to this upcoming videoconferencing-age.


By using non- parametric Malmquist index and the DEA model and the panel data of Beijing from 2004 to2011,this essay analyzes the urban efficiencies and their changes of 16 districts and counties of Beijing. The results show that the comprehensive efficiency of Beijing is just at a general level,and the differences between the districts and counties are obvious. The scale efficiency determines the comprehensive efficiency to a large extent. The analysis of urban efficiency changes show that both the comprehensive efficiency change index and productivity change index decrease,indicating that the urban efficiency does not improve,and the tendency of productivity decline is obvious. The change of scale efficiency is the major determining factor of the change of comprehensive efficiency and productivity index. The change index of comprehensive efficiency varies among 16 districts and counties of Beijing,the same to productivity change index.


nitrifiers diversity to the flux of their cells per gram wet sand) inside the rapid sand filters. We will use multidimensional analysis to further identify the link between resource provision and nitrifier density and provide experimental data to evaluate resource ratio theory in microbial guilds.


By addressing three of the most common debates surrounding indicators, this paper attempts to progress the reflection on KRIs for the financial industry. It insists on the identification of risk drivers prior to any effective risk management and suggests four types of metrics leading to preventive KRIs: failed KPIs, failed KRIs, cause of the cause and environment. It distinguishes indicators for transactional and monitoring phases and comments on design and governance of key risks indicators.


This research aims to determining howthemanagement of waqf productive economic empowerment of the poor. The results showed that the Yayasan Nurul Hayat Surabaya haveconducted productive endowments that participate in empowering the poor economy in the city of Surabaya. Endowments managed productively channeled through several programs among which Matabaca and also Bunda Yatim. Economic empowerment strategy taken in the management of productive endowments made through the approach of the religious side. Before accepting funding capital endowments, beneficiaries are required to attend regular lectures held Yayasan Nurul Hayat Surabaya within a period of 1 year. Endowment fund so that recipients are not only more economically independent, but also increased in terms of religion.


The article explores the directions of digitalization development in Ukraine and presents key digital trends. The author analyzes the legal and regulatory documents on the basis of which the modernization and construction of digital infrastructure, strengthening of cyber defense, and further development of new digital technologies are carried out. It is determined that digitalization opens up new opportunities for Ukrainian business entities, in particular, the right to participate on a competitive basis in the European Union's Digital Europe Program until 2027 to build digital infrastructure with a total program fund of 7.6 billion euros. The author presents the structure of regulatory and legal support for digitalization processes, which specifies the purpose of regulatory instruments in the digital industry. The emphasis is placed on the fact that legal acts and regulatory instruments of the complex branch of legislation in the digital sphere create an important basis for realizing the opportunities for digitalization of the national economy. The activity of Ukrainian enterprises in the online environment is studied. The share of Ukrainian enterprises by type of economic activity that use digitalization tools as of 2021 is determined. It is noted that the only alternative way to further develop modern business is its digital transformation in today's highly competitive markets. An analysis of current trends in the use of modern information technologies by domestic enterprises indicates their significant role in the industrial and service sectors. It is noted that the digitalization of Ukraine's national economy should be focused on international, European and regional cooperation with a view to integrating Ukraine's information space into the European community. It is substantiated that the possibilities of digitalization are marked by the existing trends and patterns of this process. The tendencies of further digitalization of the national economy are identified, among which a significant role is given to the digitalization and virtualization of financial transactions, e-government, personalization of needs and production by means of IT. The key tasks of Ukraine on the way to building digital platforms, especially in terms of developing electronic business interaction, are proposed.


ABSTRACT New Zealand's remote five Sub-Antarctic island groups are the only sub-aerial exposures of the ∼800,000 km2 Campbell Plateau portion of Zealandia. An up-to-date geological map, a summary of the current geological knowledge and a geological interpretation is presented for each island group. The oldest rocks are Early Paleozoic metasediments on Campbell Island/Motu Ihupuku. Granitoids dominate the Bounty Islands/Moutere Hauriri (Early Jurassic) and Snares Islands/Tini Heke (Early Cretaceous), form a small part of the Auckland Islands/Motu Maha (Late Cretaceous), and occur as rare Cretaceous xenoliths in tuffs on the Antipodes Islands/Moutere Mahue. The Campbell Island/Motu Ihupuku metasedimentary rocks are overlain by Late Cretaceous-Cenozoic basin sediments, which are in turn overlain by tuff and lava resulting from emergent intraplate volcanism. The Auckland Islands/Motu Maha and Antipodes Islands/Moutere Mahue stratigraphies are also related to emergent intraplate volcanism. Limited radiometric dating indicates that the Auckland Islands/Motu Maha breached the Southern Ocean in the Early-Middle Miocene, Campbell Island Volcano formed in the Late Miocene, and the Antipodes Volcano formed in the last 300,000 yrs. Basaltic dikes on the Snares Islands/Tini Heke are undated, and mafic dikes on the Bounty Islands/Moutere Hauriri are Mesozoic; it is unclear when these two island groups formed. The Auckland Islands/Motu Maha and Campbell Island/Motu Ihupuku have cirques, terminal and lateral moraines, till deposits and glacially carved fjords, and near-shore bathymetry indicates that all island groups exposed significantly larger areas during glacial periods. More work is required to understand the geological formation of these islands and their Southern Ocean climatic records.


We establish dynamical Borel–Cantelli lemmas for nested balls and rectangles centered at generic points in the setting of geometric Lorenz maps. We also establish the convergence of rare events point processes to the standard Poisson process, which implies extreme value laws for observations maximised at generic points for geometric Lorenz maps. Further, we extend our extreme value laws to the associated flows.


record. Probably no birds vary more in their modes of nesting according to different circumstances thnal swallows and certainly none adapt themselves more readily to their surroundings. On the face of the cut-banks, as would be expected, thousands of cliff swallows fasten their bottle-shaped nests of miud; but who would have anticipated the breeding amongst them of barn swallows, in holes in the ground? In various parts of Montana, where there were no trees, and no breaks in the prairie excepting the " coules" (ravines) and streams, I frequently saw troops of barn-swallows, and for some time wondered where they bred. At length Mr. Batty, one of my3 assistants, found some nests of this species, ancl settled the question. The nests were placed in little excavations on the face of the banks, deep enough to be fairly called. " holes," and answering all the purpose of the corner of the rafters, which the bird usually selects. Mr. Batty surmised that in some instances at least, the bird enlarged and adapted, if it did not actually dig out, the excavation; but of this I do not feel sure. It seems more probable that choice was made of the natural indentations of the bank, just as was the case with the hawks already


However, a few facts stand out. At a certain stage of liver failure nitrogen metabolism becomesderanged,and certain nitrogenous substancesattain a high concentration in tbe blood. Of these, ammonia and amino acids have been investigated most extensively in a variety of liver diseases,and we have shown that in erythroblastosis 1retalis. in which liver dysfunction can be quite considerable, there is a great increase in urinary amino acid excretion.


Future perspective of the dramatic increase in renewable energy sources (RESs), such as photovoltaic power generations (PVs), may lead to severe problems related to power system operation such as load dispatch. Other important aspect is the reduction of controllable resources yielding concerns about the reliability issues of such sources. This paper focuses on a new method and technique for mitigating the irregularity associated with RES. In this paper, we propose a new generation schedule method to realize real-time dynamic economic load dispatch (RDED) as an efficient solution for real-time management with uncertainties of PVs, over the limited resources of a power system.


Abstract:  This investigation was aimed to evaluate the use of an oral bio‐preparation containing Duddingtonia flagrans chlamydospores for the control of sheep gastrointestinal parasitic nematodes under the Mexican cold high plateau conditions. Two groups of gastrointestinal parasitic nematode naturally infected sheep, were randomly selected and located into two free‐gastrointestinal nematode larvae paddocks. Group 1 received once a week a supplement containing D. flagrans chlamydospores mixed with oats and molasses. Group 2 received a similar supplement without any fungal material. After 5 months grazing animals were discarded from the experiment and two groups of free‐nematode "tracer" sheep were located into the same paddocks to collect larvae from the contaminated pastures. Animals were slaughtered and necropsied and the nematodes were obtained and counted. A screening of the number of gastrointestinal nematode larvae present on the grass was performed and compared between the two grazing areas. The results showed 56% reduction in the Ostertagia (Teladorsagia) circumcincta and 94% reduction in the Nematodirus sp. population of the "tracer" sheep who grazed on the D. flagrans‐treated sheep area, compared to the nematode population in animals grazed on the non‐treated area. The results of the number of larvae on the grazing pastures showed a 51.1% reduction for H. contortus, and 100% for Cooperia sp. in the area with fungi. In the case of Trichostrongylus sp. no reduction was observed, when compared to the control group.


An experiment was carried out at farmer's field in Shivanagar VDC, Chitwan to evaluate the response of three level of microfertilizers both sodium molybdate and boric acid loading (250, 500 and 750 ppm), 500 ppm of sodium molybdate mixed with 500 ppm of boric acid, water priming and unprimed; and economics of mungbean production under the period of March to June, 2010. All treatments except control were primed either in nutrient solution or water for 6 h and shade dried for 30 min before sowing. Nine treatments and four replications were arranged in randomized complete block design. The research revealed significantly early seed emergence on priming and/or nutrient loading than unpriming (5.5 day), but flowering and maturity were not affected significantly. Higher grain yield (1583 kg ha -1 ) was obtained under 250 ppm boric acid loading as compared to unprimed (1237 kg ha -1 ) and priming (1318 kg ha -1 ) but at par to 250 ppm sodium molybdate and 500 ppm boric acid loading. Grain yield increment was 28 and 17% in 250 ppm boric acid loading over the control unprimed and water priming, respectively. The higher grain yield was due to higher number of clusters per plant, grains per pod and hundred grain weights. Higher protein content (23.3%) was recorded in 750 ppm sodium molybdate and mixed nutrient loading. Fat and metabolic energy were significantly the highest and lowest total ash content in 500 ppm sodium molybdate loading. There was no significance on cost of production but Rs. 61 higher in mixed micronutrient loading than control or plain water priming (Rs. 48855 ha -1 ). Higher protein content (23.3%) was recorded under 750 ppm sodium molybdate and mixed nutrient loading. Fat and metabolic energy were significantly higher where total ash content was significantly the lowest under 500 ppm sodium molybdate loading. Cost of production was the lowest under control and water priming (Rs. 48855 ha -1 ). Benefit/cost ratio was significantly the highest under 250 ppm boric acid loading (2.75) being at par with 250 ppm sodium molybdate and 500 ppm boric acid loading. However, priming, that is, non monetary input and/or low concentration of micronutrients loading led to grow faster, flower earlier and yield higher as low cost technology. Finally, 250 ppm boric acid loading proved outstanding in all respects, that is, growth, development, yield attributes, yield and economics.