Background: The Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors, which increases the risk for cardiovascular disease and stroke. In recent studies, thyroid disorder (TD) is associated with cardiovascular disease due to the effect of its hormones on the functions of the heart and should thus be considered an independent cardiovascular risk factor. The concurrence of MetS in persons with thyroid dysfunction may further increase their risk for cardiovascular events. In the Philippines, there is limited data regarding the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with thyroid dysfunction, and at present no available local guidelines on the optimal time to screen patients with thyroid disorder for metabolic syndrome. We aimed to determine the prevalence of MetS and its components among adult Filipino patients with thyroid disorder. Methods: This is a retrospective cross sectional study of 870 randomly selected patients previously diagnosed with thyroid disease in an outpatient clinic in Cebu City from year 2004 until 2015. Clinical data were obtained using an electronic medical search database. Anthropometric measures and BMI were recorded. Laboratory parameters including total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL and fasting blood glucose were reviewed. Those patients who did not have any blood evaluations for metabolic parameters were excluded. Only 487 patients were included in the final analysis. Statistical analysis of the data was analyzed using the IBM SPSS Software version 21 and Chi square test of independence with 2x2 Fisher exact test adjustment wherein a p-value of <0.05 alpha was considered significant. Findings: The overall prevalence of MetS in our patient population with diagnosed thyroid disease was 46%. MetS was noted in 54% of patients presenting with nontoxic goiter, 40% of patients presenting with thyrotoxicosis and only 6% in patients with hypothyroidism. The presence of MetS was more common among women (81%) with thyroid disorder than in men (19%), and more prevalent in the age group between 40 to 60 years of age. The components of MetS noted in our patient population were dyslipidemia (91%), diabetes (88%), obesity (75%) and hypertension (67%). There was no difference between genders with regard to the components of the MetS except the HDL and triglyceride levels. Conclusion: In our study population, MetS was prevalent among patients presenting with thyroid disorder, especially in the female population above the age of 40. Screening for components of MetS is therefore advised on all patients seen in the outpatient setting for thyroid disorder. Our study has a valid clinical implication as undiagnosed components of metabolic syndrome will have poor long term prognosis in terms of morbidity and mortality. Early diagnosis and treatment of MetS, especially in patients with thyroid disorder who remain asymptomatic can result in better long term outcome.


Three-dimensional thermo-mechanical stress analyses of cylindrical shell structures made with laminated Fibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composites have been carried out. Brick 8-node 185 layered solid elements have been used in the present finite element simulation. Due to curved geometry and interaction of different coupling modes at the ply-interfaces, stress concentration effects have been realized throughout the domain of the laminated shell structure. Appropriate finite element mesh size obtained through convergence study has been adopted to capture these stress concentration effects. Thermal field induced out-of-plane interlaminar stresses (σrr, τθr, τzr) responsible for delamination damage initiations have been analyzed in details. Effect of different stacking sequences on thermo-mechanical dynamic stability of shell structures has also been studied. It has been observed that, structural dynamics of composite shell structures get significantly affected under elevated thermal field. © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of ICOVP 2015.


Atherothrombosis is the major pathophysiological process responsible for the occurrence of severe ischemic events in patients with cardiovascular diseases. In the United States, atherothrombosis strongly influenced mortality in 2004: One in 2.8 deaths was due to CVD, 1 in 5 deaths to coronary heart disease, and 1 in 17 deaths to stroke.1 Because cardiovascular disease is a progressive and systemic disease, long-term antithrombotic therapies that effectively target the entire arterial vasculature and modulate the key components responsible for thrombus generation are essential to improve patient outcomes. Because platelet activation is determined by multiple receptor-mediated signaling pathways, clinical studies have evaluated the efficacy of multidrug administration in the prevention of atherothrombotic complications.2,3 The major concern with these therapies is the critical balance between anti-ischemic effect and bleeding risk. This review summarizes our understanding of the role of combination antiplatelet therapies in the treatment and prevention of atherothrombosis.

Platelet activation and aggregation play a pivotal role in the generation of occlusive thrombus at the site of coronary arterial plaque rupture. In addition, platelets influence various endothelial and inflammatory responses during the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. Under normal conditions, anucleate circulating platelets are in a quiescent state. Healthy vascular endothelium prevents adhesion and activation of platelets by producing antithrombotic factors such as CD39 (ectoADPase), prostaglandin I2, nitric oxide, heparin, matrix metalloproteinase-9, protein S, and thrombomodulin.3,4 Endothelial activation and denudation and frank atherosclerotic plaque rupture expose the subendothelial matrix and release prothrombotic factors during acute coronary syndromes (ACS) and percutaneous interventions. These processes result in localized platelet adhesion and platelet activation. After adhesion to the exposed subendothelial matrix, platelets are activated by shear and the soluble agonists thromboxane A2 (TxA2), ADP, and thrombin. TxA2 is produced from arachidonic acid, which originates from membrane phospholipids and …


Economic considerations often dictate the use of shales in embankments. However, due to the nature of some shales, the embankment may deteriorate with time. Research that defined a series of laboratory tests and a numerical classification system (after Franklin) to be used to predict the performance of shales as embankment materials is described. The criteria for the tests are simplicity, economic and rapid evaluation, use of existing standard testing equipment, clear distinction between suitable and nonsuitable shales, and sufficient range to test most shales. Many tests, therefore, are simply standard tests modified for soft rock. The tests selected are Atterberg limits, five-cycle slake resistance, slake durability, point load strength, impact compaction-degradation, compaction moisture density, one-dimensional consolidation, and triaxial shear. Summarized procedures and discussions of each of these tests are presented. (Author)


An orthogonal array design was adopted to analyze the various operational parameters on membrane fouling in a submerged flat sheet membrane bioreactor.The order of the operational factors according to the importance to the membrane fouling should be the sludge concentration,the ratio between suction time,nonsuction time,aeration intensity.The optimum parameters are sludge concentration 5 500 mg/L,the ratio between suction time,and nonsuction time 10∶4 and the aeration intensity 0.3 m~3/h.The distribution of the various resistance was also analyzed.Test results indicated that the main part was the outside resistance,so to alleviate the aggradation of sludge cake and gelatin folium was an important measure.


Like Grice,Jackson also feels unhappy about the conclusion that the conditionals is material implication;unlike Grice,Jackson uses the theory of conventional implicature to interpret the paradoxes of implication.Jackson holds that the paradoxes of implication originate from our confusing the truth with the assertive,that is,we firmly hold that the definite conditional is not true because it is not assertive.Like Grice's argument,Jackson's theory has some limitations.


Structures of protonated borane−Lewis base complexes H4BX+ (X = NH3, PH3, OH2, SH2, CO) as well as their neutral parents were calculated using ab initio method at the MP2/6-31G** level. All of the monocations H4BX+ are B−H protonated involving hypercoordinate boron with a three-center two-electron (3c-2e) bond. Protonation energies of H3BX to form H4BX+ were calculated with the G2 theory and were found to be highly exothermic. The 11B NMR chemical shifts of the compounds were also calculated by the GIAO-MP2 method.


Context. More and more children go to daycare centres and have their meals in these settings. Caregivers are role models whose attitudes and feeding practices may contribute to the development of children's eating habits. However, few studies have been conducted on this subject. Objectives. To describe the attitudes and strategies of caregivers working in daycare settings with respect to children's diets and identify dominant feeding styles. Methodology. Data collection was conducted by means of a survey on the www.nospetitsmangeurs.org website. A total of 86 statements were used to document the feeding styles and practices of caregivers as revealed through eight scenarios: a main dish not liked by the caregiver, a specific food not liked by a child, a new meal refused by children, a picky eater who does not want to eat, a child who is not hungry, an overweight little girl, a underweight girl and a child who has not finished his/her meal. Statistical analysis. Descriptive statistics, reliability scales and correlations were generated. T tests for paired samples were also used to assess the relative importance of feeding styles. Results. A total of 371 respondents completed the questionnaire. Overall, the caregivers use a democratic feeding style. They mentioned being role models for the children. They also encourage children to eat and they favor division of responsibilities. However, the most widely used feeding practice related to the authoritarian style is the pressure to eat, a practice contrary to the division of responsibilities concept. Conclusion. This study indicates that caregivers demonstrate positive attitudes towards child feeding. Despite some discrepancies with respect to strategies used, these results are encouraging since a democratic feeding style allows children to recognize their hunger and satiety cues.


Robert Bilheimer headed the International Affairs Commission of the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the U.S.A. (NCC) during the Vietnam War. His experiences illustrate that Christian liberals were divided over what constituted ecumenism and the methods by which churches should confront sociopolitical crisis. As a traditional ecumenist shaped by the World Council of Churches, Bilheimer struggled with activist new-breed leaders over how the NCC should witness against the Vietnam War. Ultimately, the churches' captivity to cultural pressures, the hegemony gained by new-breed ideas, adherence to top-down communication methods, the turf-driven nature of the denominations, and the era's divisiveness sunk Bilheimer's efforts and the traditional ecumenists'vision.


The invention discloses a forming method of composite layers of a composite container. A continuous fiber is wound on the outer surface of an inner container according to a preset angle to form at least one composite layer. An additive is added between the composite layers and/or the inner surfaces and/or the outer surfaces of the composite layers to prevent the composite layers from cracking in the fiber direction.


A fast-response high-temperature all-fiber Fabry-Perot sensor for measuring dynamic pressure in an internal combustion engine was investigated. Field tests demonstrated the performance of the sensor was well consistent with that of a commercial Kistler sensor.


Excitation and Far Field Spectroscopy of Surface Plasmons in Gold Nanostructures. (April 2010) Siying Peng Department of Physics Texas A&M University Research Advisor: Dr. Alexandre Kolomenski Department of Physics The properties of surface plasmons (SPs) and their excitation by a light wave are considered. The interaction of light with a metal nanostructure resulted in transmission, reflection and diffraction of light. The spectra of light obtained from these channels display excitation of SP modes at certain incidence angles and wavelengths. The interaction of SP modes near the normal incidence can result in energy and momentum spectral gaps and variations of the widths of SP resonances. The SP dispersion relations were described with the model of two coupled modes, and the spectral amplitude distribution of the transmitted and reflected light were simulated following Rayleigh approach.


We present the results of XMM-Newton observations of two X-ray weak quasars, PG 1411+442 and Mrk 304. In both cases the spectra can basically be represented by hard power laws with photon indices typical for radio-quiet quasars, heavily intrinsically absorbed by column densities of ∼2 × 10 23 cm −2 in PG 1411+442 and ∼4 × 10 22 cm −2 in Mrk 304. The data require in both cases an additional steep (Γ ∼ 3) soft power law component, absorbed only by the galactic column density towards the quasars. The soft parts of the spectra exhibit additional complex structures like emission line features around ∼0.59 keV, and absorption edges around 0.7 keV and ∼1 keV. These features strongly suggest the presence of "warm" (i.e. ionized) material in the central region of the two sources. Due to the insufficient photon statistics and to the lack of more advanced models for the spectral fitting, we are unable to determine accurately the geometry and physical state of the absorbing material. The physical implications of various viable spectral absorption or scattering scenarios for the nature of these objects and of the X-ray weak quasars in general, are discussed.


Introduction : This paper employs various statistical methods to identify the factors associated with age at first motherhood and contraception use among the adolescence mothers in Rajshahi district of Bangladesh. Methods: To meets the objectives this study utilizes information from 1000 married adolescents of Rajshahi district within the age span (15-19 years). Results: We have observed adolescents mean age at first marriage and birth to be 15.0 and 16.4 years. This study reveals that the education, place of residence, occupation of husband and religion played the greatest roles on adolescent's age at first motherhood. The analysis shows that, use of contraceptive among the adolescent's was still very low. Slightly 56.7 per cent of the married adolescents were currently using any method of contraception. Among the factors determining contraceptive use among adolescents, education, visits of family planning workers and place of residence appears to be the most significant and positively associated with contraceptive use. Conclusions: The results indicate several policy options: (1) government has to take initial steps to strictly prohibit the early marriage with the proper application of existing law that would directly or indirectly rise the age at first birth among the adolescence; (2) programmes that encourage postponement of first birth after marriage through adoption of temporary contraceptive methods should be considered seriously ; (3) provide adolescents with information on the availability of family planning methods and their effectiveness; (4) increase the number of visits by family planning workers and their counseling about family planning methods help to motivate adolescents to accept family planning methods and use them effectively and (5)emphasize adolescents education to make a lasting impact on overall health of the adolescent mothers. Key words: Adolescence, age specific live birth, contraception DOI: 10.3126/jnps.v30i1.2454 Journal of Nepal Paediatric Society Vol.30(1) 2010 8-17


Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) is an enzyme that catalyzes the decarboxylation of glutamate to γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) and CO2. It has been discovered that the GAD has a restricted tissue distribution and it is highly expressed in the cytoplasm of GABAergic neurons in the CNS where GABA is used as a neurotransmitter. We have examined the microstructure of ganglionic neurons and nerves arising from the CNS and describe here the immunocytochemical localization of GAD isoforms to reveal the ecophysiological significance of GABA for the web‐building spider's behavior. In the CNS of the cobweb spider, Achaearanea tepidariorum, immunocytochemical localization of GAD isoforms can be detected in the neurons and neuropiles of the optic lobes. In addition, GAD‐like immunoreactive cell bodies are observed at the intrinsic cell bodies near the central body and the symmetric cell clusters of the protocerebrum. However, the fibrous masses within the protocerebral ganglion are not labeled at all. Based on its interconnection with other regions of the CNS, our findings suggest that the central body in the web‐building spider may act as an association center as well as a visual center.


ABSTRACT Daily intake levels of vitamin E in the range of 200–800 IU are now recommended for its antioxidant effect. However, only vitamin E supplements or fortified foods may provide these high intake levels. As a fortified food, breads were prepared containing 200, 400, 800, or 1,600 IU of added vitamin E (dl-α-tocopheryl acetate) per pound loaf. These levels of fortification exerted no adverse effects on bread quality. However, only about two-thirds of the added vitamin E was retained (recovered) in the breads, with retention values showing no further significant change during the seven-day shelf-life of the product. In fresh breads, vitamin E retention values were nearly the same (range 66.3–68.5%, average 67.2%) at all levels of vitamin E tested; this may hold true for levels not tested. Factoring in an average retention value of 67.2%, and actual potency (81.8%) of the vitamin E source used, a 50-g serving of bread fortified with 1,600 IU of vitamin E per loaf would provide nearly one-fourth of a su...


The objective of this paper is to present a brief review of a number of techniques for matrix preconditioning. Preconditioners are almost always needed when solving large problem by using the Method of Moments (MoM) [1], since the matrices associated with such problems are often ill-conditioned, and iterative techniques such as the Conjugate Gradient and GMRES algorithms either fail to converge at all or are very slowly converging [2–11]. While a wide variety of preconditioners have been proposed by researchers in Matrix Methods to address the problem of slow convergence of ill-conditioned matrices, a 'magic bullet' that is robust enough to handle all types of ill-conditioned matrices has yet to be found. Consequently, this field is currently very active as a quick literature search will readily reveal.


ABSTRACT  Research on classroom interaction within an ethnographic perspective views the classroom as a cultural setting with its own norms of behavior. Recent studies from this perspective have Focused on uncovering the (often-unspoken) norms of behavior that need to be internalized in order to be a successful member of the classroom community. This article illustrates how to use ethnographic techniques to achieve a better understanding of classroom dynamics, which will be of value to teachers and supervisors in planning and evaluating their courses. Focusing on the characterization of "success" in an Italian class through the analysis of interaction patterns and purposes of the participants, the study reveals the need For a continuity of teacher and students' goals, methods, and Forms of evaluation.


We calculate mean square deviations for crystals in one and two dimensions. For the two dimensional lattices, we consider several distinct geometries (i.e. square, triangular, and honeycomb), and we find the same essential phenomena for each lattice structure. We investigate the stability of long-range crystalline order for a variety of coupling schemes, including short-range exponentially decaying inter-atomic potentials and long-range interactions with a power law dependence r^{-alpha}. For the latter in the 1D case, we find a critical value alpha_c(1D) = 1.615 +/- 0.005 for the power law decay exponent below which crystalline order is intact, and above which thermal fluctuations destroy long-range order when T > 0. The corresponding critical value for two dimensional lattices with displacements confined to the plane is alpha_c(2D) = 3.15 +/ 0.025. If motion perpendicular to the crystal plane is permitted, thermally induced distortions diverge rapidly (i.e. linearly) in dual layer systems with local stiffness provided by an extended coupling scheme, even if the interaction is long ranged, decaying as a power law in the separation between lattice sites.


Designing a family of product variants that share some components usually entails a performance loss relative to the individually optimized variants due to the commonality constraints. Choosing com ...


Given a system of linear inequalities Ax ≤ b + dt and equalities Mx = g + ht , where the right-hand sides are parametrically deformed over the scalar t , the parametric center problem is to trace the parametric family of approximate solutions x ( t ) to the center problems P( t ), where P( t ) is the problem: maximize ∑ i =1 m ln( b i + d i t − A i x ) subject to Ax b + dt and Mx = g + ht . We present an algorithm for tracing the parametric family of solutions x ( t ) over some given range. At the k th iterate of the algorithm, the point x ( t k ) is an approximate solution to the center problem P( t k ) (in an appropriate measure of approximation). The value of t k is increased to t k +1 , and a Newton step is used to generate x ( t k +1 ) which is an approximate solution to the center problem P( t k +1 ). The sequence of values of t exhibit at least one of the following geometric rates of change:( T MAX − t k + 1 ) ≤ ( T MAX − t k )(1 − 1/(128 m ))( t k + 1 − T MIN ) ≥ ( t k − T MIN )(1 + 1/(128 m ))where T MIN ( T MAX ) is the maximum (minimum) number t such that Ax ≤ b + dt , Mx = g + ht has a solution. Thus the iterates exhibit either linear growth away from T MIN or linear convergence toward T MAX , with a rate of change of 1/(128 m ), where m is the number of inequality constraints.When applied to the linear programming problem, the algorithm is an O ( mL ) iteration algorithm for linear programming, that strictly improves the primal objective value at each iteration, and requires no dual feasible solution (or even dual feasibility) to start. After O ( mL ) iterations, the algorithm either detects primal unboundedness or produces an interior solution that can be rounded to an optimal solution to the linear program.


During the last couple of decades, certifications' role across the globe had taken a remarkable place with respect to meeting the international market demands for food security and safety. The study analyzes the cost structure of GlobalGAP adoption, identify various farm level factors that may affect a farmer's decision to get certified. Moreover, the study estimates the impact of certification on farm output. It has found that there is requirement to assess the properties of Global-GAP for Pakistani agriculture; to attain this a complete methodological idea is essential. This part will explain the analysis methods, research methodology, research design, and data collection. It would make the agriculture sector of Pakistan more export oriented, yielding higher returns to the gross domestic production of the county. In this context, the current study would yield a valuable guideline in order to reformulate policies that would ultimately help to improve global competency of agriculture sector of Pakistan. The benefit of this would be multifold. First, this would improve the livelihood conditions of the farming community. Secondly, adoption to good agricultural practices would contribute to food quality. And finally, it would make the agriculture sector of Pakistan more export oriented, yielding higher returns to the gross domestic production of the county.


The masking of one click by another was studied as a function of the time interval between the pulses. Two‐alternative forced‐choice procedures were employed to measure thresholds before and after the masking click. Both forward and backward masking were found; the forward effect was more pronounced and longer lasting. Backward masking studied in this way extends beyond what can be explained by peripheral intensity‐latency conversions.


An experimental model using laboratory animals wasdeveloped in order to reproduce cultural and socialconditions of some human populations.BALB/c mice ofboth sexes were employed.After weaning,animals werefed with two diets,one containing 25% protein(S25)


We shall show that no reductive splitting of the spin group exists in dimension 3 \leq m \leq 20 other than in dimension m = 4. In dimension 4 there are reductive splittings in any signature. Euclidean and Lorentzian signatures are reviewed in particular and signature (2, 2) is investigated explicitly in detail. Reductive splittings allow to define a global SU(2)-connection over spacetime which encodes in an weird way the holonomy of the standard spin connection. The standard Barbero-Immirzi (BI) connection used in LQG is then obtained by restriction to a spacelike slice. This mechanism provides a good control on globality and covariance of BI connection showing that in dimension other than 4 one needs to provide some other mechanism to define the analogous of BI connection and control its globality.


Following work is dedicated to investigation of the linguistic phenomena Singularia tantum and pluralia Tantum, i.e. singular and plural forms of English and Uzbek nouns. Besides, the author gives the examples of nouns which have either singular or only plural form. Theoretical part of the article is proved by numerous examples.


In this study, we carried out an investigation of the etching characteristics (etch rate, and selectivity to SiO2) of ZrO2 thin films in a CF 4/Ar inductively coupled plasma (ICP) system. The maximum etch rate of 60.8 nm/min for ZrO2 thin films was obtained at a 20 % CF 4/(CF4+Ar) gas mixing ratio. At the same time, the etch rate was measured as a function of the etching parameter, namely ICP chamber pressure. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis showed efficient destruction of the oxide bonds by the ion bombardment, as well as an accumulation of low volatile reaction products on the etched surface. Based on these data, the ion-assisted chemical reaction was proposed as the main etch characteristics for the CF4-containing plasmas.


The remote sensing image texture information plays an important role in the image classification.Most of traditional classification methods are computational auto-classification based on the image spectral characteristics and ignore the spatial textures of image.Geostatistics,as a science treating the relationship of spatial data,could be applied to image classification.In this paper,the semi-variogram was used to extract textural information of remote sensing image,which was adopted to image classification by means of test.At the same time,the paper discussed the size of computation window,computation direction and computation step according to the practical application.The results proved that the approach combining spectral features and textural measures based on the geostatistics texture to the classification of the remote sensing image may significantly improve the classification accuracy.


In this article, we investigated the effectiveness of the communication factor on the number of collisions in a crowd of autonomous mobile robots. The proposed method allows locating the message senders based on network models of local positioning. Developed software simulator implements described algorithms of robot movement model. The results of performed simulation experiments confirm the usefulness of our method.


SummaryActivity at the hive entrance, hive occupancy and worker survival were monitored in two spraying operations involving 10 spray cycles and application rates of 10–41 g active ingredient ha−1. Applications of 15–41 g ha−1 caused hyperactivity and some colonies probably deserted their hives. Sprays of 10–24 g ha−1 had no immediate effect on survival, but mortality increased after sprays of 28–41 g ha−1. Foraging by workers before sunrise, when spraying ended, and the greater toxicity of endosulfan at high temperatures, may have increased the hazard of endosulfan drift sprays to honeybees in Somalia.


In order to improve the effect of enterprise lean management, this study proposes a lean data mining algorithm based on the characteristics of lean data in enterprise management. This study connects data mining and lean production to study the data of enterprise management operation, proposes an intelligent data processing model suitable for modern enterprise management, and constructs the model function module in combination with the enterprise operation management process. Moreover, this study constructs an evaluation system for the effect of enterprise lean management based on data mining. The system provides a human-computer interaction interface, and operators can use various functions and services provided by the system through a visual interface. Through experimental research, it can be known that the enterprise lean effect evaluation system based on data mining proposed in this study can play an important role in enterprise lean management.


One of the striking features of Maimonides' oeuvre is that he did not write any purely philosophic work. In this he differed markedly from such predecessors as al-Fārābī, Avicenna, and his contemporary Averroes, who wrote a variety of commentaries on Aristotelian works, as well as philosophic encyclopedias and independent philosophic treatises. As reason for such lack of interest, Maimonides maintained that the existing philosophic literature in Arabic is adequate for anyone having an interest in pure philosophy. Maimonides writes in Guide II 2:


Study queStion What is the effect of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) on the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding in post-myocardial infarction patients taking antithrombotics and treated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)? MethodS This was a nationwide cohort study based on linked administrative registry data from all hospitals in Denmark between 1997 and 2011. The study included


The article describes the notion of microsomal oxidation, factors influencing the parameters of activity with cytochrome P-450 in liver. There is a short review of the place of antipyrin test in evaluation of microsomal oxidation. The results of investigation of antipyrin test in patients with hepatobiliary pathology having undergone the course of sanatorium-and-spa treatment in resort «Arshan» (Buryat Republic).


The glucocorticosteroids, (1) fluocinolone (F), (2) fluocinolone acetonide (FA), (3) fluocinolone acetonide acetate (FAA), (4) betamethasone 17-valerate (BV), and (5) betamethasone (B) were tested for vasoconstrictor potency in vivo and ability to penetrate human and hairless mouse skin in vitro. BV and B penetrate skin at the same rate but are different by over 100-fold with regard to vasoconstrictor potency. FA penetrates skin better than F and is also more potent as a vasoconstrictor. FAA is superior to FA in vasoconstriction but about the same in ability to penetrate skin.


Collaborative computation offloading in mobile edge computing where edge users offload tasks opportunistically to resourceful neighboring mobile devices (MDs), offers a promising solution to satisfy low-latency requirements. However, most existing works assume that those MDs volunteer to help edge users without an incentive mechanism. In this article, we propose an auction-based incentive mechanism, where users and MDs participate in the system dynamically. Our auction mechanism runs in the online fashion and optimizes the long-term system welfare without knowledge of future information, e.g., task start time, task length, resource demand, and valuation, etc. We prove that the proposed online mechanism achieves the desired properties, including individual rationality, truthfulness, and computational tractability. Moreover, the theoretical competitive ratio shows that our online mechanism achieves near-optimal long-term social welfare close to the offline optimum. Extensive experiments based on real-world traces demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed online mechanism.


A new calculation of the induction (crystal field) energy of the f.c.c. and h.c.p. structures of the rare-gas crystals of neon and argon gives an energy in favour of f.c.c. which is more than sufficient to counter the summed pair-potential which favours h.c.p. Predicted values of (E f.c.c. - E h.c.p.)/E f.c.c. for neon and argon are 0·9 × 10-3 and 1·3 × 10-3 respectively. These values are similar to those that have been obtained for a modified dispersion energy and it is concluded that they should be added to these dispersion energies. Calculations on solid helium show a negligible difference in the induction energy for the two close-packed structures.


HealthStar Network established a new concept in its eastern market--a group of hospitals forming one association. Marketers of HealthStar are conducting a branding campaign to distinguish individual expertise under one umbrella company.


Zhang Y, Ma KL, Gong YX, Wang GH, Hu ZB, Liu L, et al.: Platelet Microparticles Mediate Glomerular Endothelial Injury in EarlyDiabeticNephropathy. JAmSocNephrol29: 2671–2695, 2018. An error was found in the Figure 2L. The order for the glypican-1 pictures among the groups of Ctrl, NormalPMPs, and Col-PMPs was wrong. The corrected version of the figure is presented here. The error does not alter the conclusions of the study.


Replicated append-only logs sequentially order messages from the same author such that their ordering can be eventually recovered even with out-of-order and unreliable dissemination of individual messages. They are widely used for implementing replicated services in both clouds and peer-to-peer environments because they provide simple and efficient incremental reconciliation. However, existing designs of replicated append-only logs assume replicas faithfully maintain the sequential properties of logs and do not provide eventual consistency when malicious participants fork their logs by disseminating different messages to different replicas for the same index, which may result in partitioning of replicas according to which branch was first replicated. In this paper, we present 2P-BFT-Log, a two-phase replicated append-only log that provides eventual consistency in the presence of forks from malicious participants such that all correct replicas will eventually agree either on the most recent message of a valid log (first phase) or on the earliest point at which a fork occurred as well as on an irrefutable proof that it happened (second phase). We provide definitions, algorithms, and proofs of the key properties of the design, and explain one way to implement the design onto Git, an eventually consistent replicated database originally designed for distributed version control. Our design enables correct replicas to faithfully implement the happens-before relationship first introduced by Lamport that underpins most existing distributed algorithms, with eventual detection of forks from malicious participants to exclude the latter from further progress. This opens the door to adaptations of existing distributed algorithms to a cheaper detect and repair paradigm, rather than the more common and expensive systematic prevention of incorrect behaviour.


1-Acetyl-3-{4'-[(4'''-chlorophenyl) (phenyl) methyl amino] phenyl}-5-aryl-pyrazolines (3a-3l) and 1-Phenyl-3-{4'-[(4'''-chlorophenyl) (phenyl) methyl amino] phenyl}-5-aryl-pyrazolines (4a-4l) have been synthesized. The products have been assayed for their biological activity against Gram +ve, Gram -ve bacteria and fungi. Some of the compounds showed moderate activity in concentration 50 μg/ml. The structure of the products have been elucidated by IR, 1H-NMR, mass spectral data elemental analysis and Thin layer chromatography.


the sample size, summary of the statistical analysis and mai n numerical results could be presented in the abstract. We have revised in the abstract. INTRODUCTION: I suggest the authors present evidences that PIP of 30 cm of H2O promotes VILI (stretch induced injury), as well as the other causes of VILI . We have revised in the introduction. METHODS: The method is appropriate and adequately described, but some points should be considered:1) The sample size should be justified. The sample size was determined (based on preliminary experiments) to be 54 anim als (n=18 per group ,in the NC,MHA,SHA groups) in order to detect a difference in the lung injury score of 7.8, an estimated standard deviation of 2.2, a power of 0.80, and a value of 0.05. However, we have not put it in the methods section according to the other published articles. 2) How long the animals were ventilated in the experimental group. This inform ati n is clear in the discussion, but not in the method section. We have revised in the method section on page 7, line 117. 3) Page 7, lines 118-122: specify that the anesthesia technique (pentobarbital and pancuronium bromide) is related only with NC, MHA and SHA groups (not all rats). We have revised. 4) Concerning to BALF, the aspiration technique alters the cellularity and c oul be better explained (manual or vacuum suction?). We have revised in the method section on page 8, line 140. 5) The authors mentioned that a gas mixture of carbon dioxide with oxygen was administered to maintain the target PaCO2 in the NC, MHA and SHA groups. How the FiO2 was evaluated during this period? Was the previously mentioned FiO2 (0.7) constant? Inhaled and exhaled CO 2 and O2 were tested using a gas monitor (DATEX Instrumentarium, Helsinki, Finland) in the method section on page 7, line 134. RESULTS: 1) It could be interesting the inclusion of a flowchart with the distribution of the animals between groups, as well as the exclusion data and final analysis. Thanks for the advice by the reviewer, we have explained the experimental groups in the method section on page 6, line 107, and the exclusion data in the result section on page 11, line 204. 2) Do the authors have data concerning the respiratory mechanics in NC, MHA and SHA groups? We have data concerning the tidal volumes (V T) in the table 1 of three groups, but not the respiratory mechanics. DISCUSSION: I suggest the authors discuss the PIP of 30 cm of H2O as the cause of VILI (stretch-induced injury). What are the evidences that VILI is related to PIP? Could it be due to FiO2, PEEP, or a combination of these factors? We have revised in the discussion section on page 14, line 262. Reviewer:John Laffey Reviewer's report: Yang et al present data from an in vivo animal experiment in which they elucidat e the dose response characteristics of acute hypercapnic acidosis in the setti ng of VILI in the rat. The authors find that moderate hypercapnic acidosis is more protective t han severe hypercapnic acidosis, and is better tolerated in terms of haemodynam ic a d oxygenation indices. I have a number of comments. Major compulsory Revisions 1. It would be helpful if the authors could clarify why they selected their ventila tor settings. What made them decide on these particular ventilator settings, particularly the PIP and the FiO2? VILI studies usually quantify their inflati on settings as tidal volumes in ml/kg, but there is no mention of tidal volume here. We have revised in the discussion section on page 14, line 262. 2. Please clarify whether the in vivo experiments were carried out as a sin gle 5 group series or as 1 series of 2 groups [Sham and NV groups] and 1 series of 3 groups [NC, MHA, SHA]. The total seventy two animals were randomly assigned to five groups, First, ni ne rats were randomly assigned to the sham group (anaesthetized and non-ventilated rats) and 9 rats were randomly assigned to the NV group (normal ventilation with PIP=15 cmH2O for 4 h) served as controls. Second, fifty-four rats were randomly assigned to three groups including the Normocapnia (NC) group (PaCO 2=35-45 mmHg, n=18), the Moderate Hypercapnic Acidosis (MHA) group (PaCO 2=80-100 mmHg, n=18), and the Severe Hypercapnic Acidosis (SHA) group (PaCO 2=130-150 mmHg, n=18). 3. The authors should graph some of the key physiology data, including BAL protein, BAL cell counts, and Wet:Dry weight ratios, and perhaps 1-2 exemplar cytokines. According to the reviewer's comment, we have graphed these physiology data a s figure 1. 4. Can the authors include data for the NV group in Figure 1? This would help the reader understand the extent of the protection from injury conferred by MHA. The reviewer put forward an interesting issue. As we know, the sever ity of lung injury was assessed by histology and several other measures, including gravimetric analysis (WW:DW) and BALF protein concentration as a surrogate indicator of a ltered permeability. we only observed the vary levels of Paco 2 and its impact on the development of lung injury induced by high-pressure ventilation without cl ding the results with other potential variables. So we have not a data for the NV group in Figure 1. 5. The authors suggest that their anesthesia regimen for the animals was 'inappropriate'. I am unsure what this statement means, but the authors need to provide some reassurance that the animals were adequately anesthetized throughout the experimental protocol, and that this was tested at regular intervals, such as by confirmation of the absence of a motor or hemodynamic response to paw clamp. According to the reviewer's comment, we have revised in the method section on page 7, line 122.


Background: Self-efficacy has an influence on nurses' professional progress, motivation, effort, perseverance, and time spent by learners on learning. It is also an interface between knowledge and practice. This study aimed to assess the impact of virtual-based education on self-efficacy of nurses in level II neonatal intensive care. Materials and Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, after determining the sample size (n = 80), nurses working in level II neonatal care unit of hospitals affiliated to TUMS were randomly divided into two groups. The study was conducted in 2015. Nurses' self-efficacy level was measured in the two groups by using Coates self-efficacy questionnaire on the first day of the study. For the intervention group, education content of level II neonatal care was developed and run on Namad system of the virtual faculty of TUMS for two months. No specific intervention was performed for the control group. At the end of the education course, nurses' psychological empowerment was reassessed in both groups by using the mentioned questionnaire. Data analysis was performed by using the paired t-test, Fisher exact test, chi-square, and independent t-test in SPSS 23. Results: Research units were similar in terms of all demographic variables other than work experience in neonatal unit. Mean and standard deviation of self-efficacy scores in the control and intervention groups before the intervention were 129.7 ± 13.973 and 118.05 ± 11.104, respectively, while mean and standard deviation of the two groups after the intervention were 128.09 ± 12.363 and 136.11 ± 9.830, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in the mean score of self-efficacy between the two groups before the intervention P ≤ 0.001), self-efficacy mean score in the control group before and after the intervention (P = 0.002), selfefficacy mean score in the intervention group before and after the intervention (P ≤ 0.001), and self-efficacy mean score between the two groups after the intervention (P ≤ 0.004). Conclusions: The results of the present study indicate the effectiveness of virtual education in increased selfefficacy of nurses in level II neonatal intensive care unit. With regard to the advantages of virtual education, it can be employed as a modern educational method to provide necessary requirements and tools for training nurses and other healthcare givers.


Introduction Discectomy of herniated intervertebral discs (IVDs) successfully alleviates neurological symptoms but fails to repair the iatrogenic annulotomy. This persistent annular defect post-discectomy is associated with increased risk of reherniation, progressive IVD degeneration, and chronic low back pain. Previously we demonstrated the ability of high-density collagen (HDC) gels to facilitate annular repair in a rodent model.1,3 This study aims to use HDC gel in an ovine model which has previously been used as a surrogate for the human spine.2 The goal of this study is create an effective ovine model for a herniated nucleus pulposus through a generated annular defect and to show that our HDC helps induce annular repair reduces the degenerative changes. Methods Sheep have had intervertebral discs violated to create an annular defect and induce a herniated nucleus pulposus. These sheep were laid in a lateral position with their right-side up. A longitudinal incision was made from their most caudal rib to their iliac crest 1-cm ventral to their transverse processes. Using a lateral approach, the soft tissue and muscle were dissected of their transverse processes to expose their vertebral bodies. The annular fibrosis (AF) defect was created with a 3.2 mm drill inserted to a 9–11 mm depth and then an 18-gauge needle was inserted to a maximum depth of 9–10 mm to injure the nucleus pulposus (NP) and induce a herniation through the annular defect. The violated IVDs were then randomized to either treatment with riboflavin-crosslinked HDC gel or no treatment. Thus far 4 IVDs were randomized to the control group and 4 IVDs to the treatment group. An in vivo MRI and post-mortem MRI were performed 6 weeks after the surgery to assess the degree of herniation of the nucleus pulposus. A post-mortem X-Ray was also obtained 6 weeks after the surgery to assess for any changes in disc height, which is a surrogate for degenerative disc changes. Results Of the 8 intervertebral disc which we induced an annular defect, we were able to induce nucleus pulposus herniation through the annulotomy in all levels as in the example in Fig. 1. Our preliminary data so far shows no difference in the disc height index of the intervertebral discs that received HDC versus those that received no treatment at 6 weeks after the surgery. The average disc height index of the treated intervertebral discs was 0.78 ± 0.005, 0.77 ± 0.004 for the untreated, puncture-only intervertebral discs, and 0.82 ± 0.006 for the healthy discs. Conclusion Lumbar discectomy to treat disc herniation is one of the most commonly performed spinal procedures,1 with an estimated 300,000 cases per year in the United States.2 A ~5% to 15% of discectomy cases result in a reherniation of their nucleus pulposus3 through the annulotomy and is associated with compromised patients outcomes and increased health care costs.4 Our preliminary data show that we are able to effectively use an ovine model to simulate a herniated nucleus pulposus via a lateral approach to the lumbar vertebral. Experiments are ongoing to analyze the disc levels using T2 mapping on MRI to assess changes in the NP hydration and overall area as our group has done previously in the rat-tail model.5 If HDC is found to be efficacious in inducing annular repair in a large mammal model, the next step would be to progress to clinical trials in humans. Fig. 1 L4/5 Disc level on sheep A showing annulus fibrosis (blue arrow), nucleus pulposus (star), and the annular defect with herniating nucleus pulposus (red arrow). References Laus M, Bertoni F, Bacchini P, Alfonso C, Giunti A. Recurrent lumbar disc herniation: what recurs? (A morphological study of recurrent disc herniation). Chir Organi Mov 1993;78(3):147–154 Carragee EJ, Han MY, Suen PW, Kim D. Clinical outcomes after lumbar discectomy for sciatica: the effects of fragment type and anular competence. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2003;85-A(1):102–108 Swartz KR, Trost GR. Recurrent lumbar disc herniation. Neurosurg Focus 2003;15(3):E10 Ambrossi GLG, McGirt MJ, Sciubba DM, et al. Recurrent lumbar disc herniation after single-level lumbar discectomy: incidence and health care cost analysis. Neurosurgery 2009;65(3):574–578, discussion 578 Grunert P, Hudson KD, Macielak MR, et al. Assessment of intervertebral disc degeneration based on quantitative magnetic resonance imaging analysis: an in vivo study. Spine 2014;39(6):E369–E378


Commentary Avoiding distress when treating lacerations in a trauma unit is a commendable objective and was achieved in this study in the majority of children over the age of 4 years. However, under 4 years of age, 68% of the patients were crying. Using adrenaline and cocaine 'dripped into the wound' avoided the pain of injecting lignocaine. Their previous unreported experience excluded the use of a comparison group of patients, so it is not possible to quantify any advantage of this technique. However, the authors do not caution against the use of adrenaline on extremities supplied by end arteries, but they justify the very high dose of cocaine by claiming minimal absorption with the 'local vasoconstriction' of adrenaline. Before requesting the hospital pharmacy to supply this solution, paediatricians should consider the potential difficulties of storing two controlled drugs of uncertain stability unless kept at a defined temperature. Clear instructions must be issued excluding patients with a history of convulsions or cardiac disease and patients with lacerations on extremities or on mucosal or burnt surfaces. This study suggests that the technique is not appropriate under the age of 4 years and provides no data to demonstrate that it is associated with less distress than cheaper and safer traditional infiltration with lignocaine.


The development and validation of a stochastic simulation model of the log hauling operations to a central pulp and paper mill is described. The results of experimental studies with the model to assess costs for some log transport operations are presented. The operational options studied were fleet size, net loads and hours of operations (a).


CABAC is the entropy coding method adopted in the H.264/AVC main profile,whose compression results are 20% better than those of CAVLC in the baseline profile.However,the context management and arithmetic coding in CABAC require a great number of ALU operations and memory accesses,which means its computation complexity is very large and the encoding efficiency is low in traditional programming processors.To improve the entropy coding performance,this paper proposes a seven-stage pipelining architecture for CABAC,in which the context memory accessing,arithmetic coding and normalization,bit-stream output are performed in 7 stages evenly.The proposed architecture can encode one binary symbol each cycle.The RTL-level model of the proposed architecture is implemented using the Verilog HDL language,and the simulation results show that the entropy coding results are the same as those of JM10.2.The synthesis results show that the proposed architecture can get an operation frequency up to 1.2 GHz under the 0.13μm CMOS typical technics,which satisfies the entropy coding demand for the SIF sequences with RDO and the HD sequences without RDO.


Phase noise performance of ring-oscillator-based (RO-based) clock multipliers is typically limited by oscillator noise. The most power-efficient method for improving the phase noise of such clock multipliers is by increasing the oscillator noise suppression bandwidth (FBW). While FBW depends on the type of clock multiplier, the maximum achievable FBW is limited by the reference frequency (Fref). For instance, in phase-locked loops (PLLs) FBW = Fref/10, while multiplying delay-locked loops (MDLLs) [1] and injection-locked clock multipliers (ILCMs) [2] can achieve FBW of Fref/4 and Fref/6, respectively. Exploiting this behavior, the MDLL in [1] and the ILCM in [2] achieved excellent performance at the expense of using a high-frequency low-noise reference (REF) clock and a small multiplication factor (N < 10). One promising way to reduce Fref in MDLLs/ILCMs involves increasing the injection rate by using both the positive and negative edges of the REF clock [3, 4] but at the cost of making jitter/spurious performance susceptible to duty cycle errors in the REF clock. While [3] demonstrated an effective means to correct such errors, it still needed a relatively high Fref of 125MHz. In view of this, we present a method to quadruple the frequency of a conventional 54MHz Pierce XO and demonstrate its application using an RO-based ILCM achieving less than 370fsrms integrated jitter at a 5GHz output. The proposed quadrupler acts as a low noise XO frequency multiplier and can be used to increase the bandwidth of MDLLs and ring/LC-based integer-or fractional-N PLLs also.


Introduction: Space weathering agents such as micrometeoroids and solar wind particles continuously age the uppermost regolith of the lunar surface by comminuting as well as darkening and reddening the grins. Among several maturity indices, optical maturity (OMAT) and the median grain size suggested by [1] and [2-3], respectively, have been widely used. quantifies the external modification and its estimation comes from the relationship between the maximum degree of linear polarization and albedo in visible wavelength range [2-3]. OMAT illustrates spectral alteration and darkening and is deduced from the nearinfrared ratio-reflectance plot [1]. The vertical and horizontal regolith-mixing processes such as excavation and ejecta blanket formation by impact cratering and mass-movement by seismic and thermal activities stop and (re)start the maturation clock of each regoligh grain that ticks only when exposed to the space. Studying maturity indices of impact crater features that show a diversity of maturation rate as functions of its size and/or formation age gives us a hint to understand the maturation and mixing process of the covering regoith. Methods: We investigate median grain size and optical maturity (OMAT) of the regolith covering ~140 near-side craters. The crater diameter ranges from 2.5 km to 110 km and their formation periods from Copernican to pre-Nectarian. Here we focus on the crater rim walls where the vertical mixing process by mass-movement can enhance the gardening of regolith and the supply of immature materials in the deeper layer to the surface. We obtained values from our multi-band polarimetric observations of the Moon using a 15-cm reflecting telescope [4]. We obtained OMAT values from the Clementine data using the formula suggested by [1]. We subtract the median value of the 'outside' (background) of the crater from that of the interior rim wall. For both and OMAT, the larger the value, the less mature the regolith. Analyses: Both and OMAT values of the interior rim wall initially increase as the crater size increases until ~10-20 km, then decrease. This transition crater size happens to correspond to the transition diameter from simple to complex craters. For larger craters, i.e., complex craters, it is clear that the interior rim wall of the craters formed in recent eras tend to remain fresh and become mature along with time. For the simple crater case, smaller craters are more mature, which is opposite to the case of complex craters. This is thought to be because smaller craters become flattened more quickly [5], thus have smaller vertical mixing in the regolith due to mass movement. We will also discuss on the maturity indices of the crater rim walls at high latitudes as a function of the position angle to see the latitude dependence of the space weathering process [6].


The source regions of Yangtze and Yellow Rivers as the part of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,it is the region of sensibility and vulnerability of climate change.And vulnerability of ecosystem has become a key issue both in assessing the impact of climate change and in setting up the adaptation strategies on climate change.Global environmental change and sustainability science increasingly recognize the need to address the consequences of changes taking place in the structure and function of the special ecosystem such as the source region of Yangtze and Yellow Rivers.Therefore,analysis on scientific issues of ecosystem vulnerability should improve significantly our understanding of the structure and function of ecosystem and the human impress on both based on climate change,especially in cryospheric change.This paper elucidates five scientific issues of ecosystem vulnerability assessment:the extension of vulnerability concept;non-linear reaction on ecosystem of climate system;spatial-temporal scale transformation of vulnerability assessment;ecosystem threshold of vulnerability assessment;and linking among different interfaces in vulnerability assessment.


Optical spin-orbit coupling describes how spin angular momentum of light (associated with circular polarisation of an electromagnetic wave) influences a propagation of light beam and its orbital angular momentum. The spin-orbit coupling in evanescent waves results in complex topological field structures analogous to prototypical condensed matter phenomena, such as quantum spin-Hall effect, skyrmions, merons, and others. In this talk, we will overview spin-orbit coupling, its topological manifestations and applications.


the long-term effects of light intensity on the growth of older, established plants. The objective of this study was to determine the growth characteristics of older, established woody plants under selected light intensities for several growing seasons. Leaf area increased with decreasing light intensity for all species. Shoot length of Japanese barberry and Regel's privet was greatest when they were grown at 70 to 53 percent light. The longest shoots for Vicary golden privet occurred at 53 percent light, and red-leaved Japanese barberry had the longest shoots at 37 percent light.


In the present investigation, twelve eachPati and Chara-Chemballi ducks were utilized at 42 weeks of age. The uterus was collected immediately after death and studies were made on it. The uterus was a sac-like dilation between the isthmus cranially and the vagina caudally and was located just ventral to the synsacrum. The length, breadth, thickness and weight of uterus of Chara-Chemballi ducks were significantly higher than Pati duck. The mucosa of uterus of both Pati and Chara-Chemballi duck showed many leaf shaped folds. These folds were mainly primary, secondary and tertiary types. In some primary folds concave surface were also present. The surface epithelium of uterus was pseudostratified ciliated columnar in both Pati and Chara-Chemballi ducks. The mean height of lamina epithelialismucosae of uterus was 28.058±0.367μm in Patiduck and 33.228±0.234 μm in Chara-Chemballi duck. The surface epithelium and glandular epithelium showed moderate PAS positive reaction in both Pati and Chara-Chemballi ducks. Histologically, there is no significant difference between the Patiand Chara-Chemballi ducks. However, the height of lamina epithelialis mucosae of oviduct was significantly higher in Chara-Chemballi duck than Pati duck.


The modernity construction of Zhou Zuoren's literary thought of Chinese vernacular prose has many different sources, Zhou's translation of Japanese and ancient Greek poetry should be one of them as it shows important mutual-authentication connection to the construction. His poetry translation, though failed to aid the style construction of Chinese vernacular poetry, has contributed objectively to the modernity construction of the literary thought of Chinese vernacular prose. This contribution highlights Zhou Zuoren's humanistic translation thought and cultural values, and proves the realization of humanistic values of translation is always based on the translator's full exercise of the humanistic translation spirit.


In the current economic environment is increasingly putting more emphasis on quality of products and services, but also on the practice of effective and efficient quality management. The main pawn in this equation is the client, being the one who can determine whether a particular product or service meet expectations or not. This paper aims to measure perceptions of the quality of medical services in Romania, from the perspective of the patient as their clients; he being in the best position to assess whether their needs and expectations have been met and to what extent.


The theme of the present article is to deliver the notion that in order to enforce competition rules which, are aimed at maintaining a balance between profitability of the competitors and welfare of the consumers, the crucial aspect in attainting it is a healthy competitive market. Therefore, an attempt is made to analyses the role and practice of the European Courts and the Commission in protecting the structure of the competitive market as a means to secure the interests of the consumers and competitors. To convey the notion of the paper, sustenance from one of the imperative decisions


For G_2-manifolds the Fern\'andez-Gray class X_1+X_4 is shown to consist of the union of the class X_4 of G_2-manifolds locally conformal to parallel G_2-structures and that of conformal transformations of nearly parallel or weak holonomy G_2-manifolds of type X_1. The analogous conclusion is obtained for Gray-Hervella class W_1+W_4 of real 6-dimensional almost Hermitian manifolds: this sort of geometry consists of locally conformally K\"ahler manifolds of class W_4 and conformal transformations of nearly K\"ahler manifolds in class W_1. A corollary of this is that a compact SU(3)-space in class W_1+W_4 or G_2-space of the kind X_1+X_4 has constant scalar curvature if only if it is either a standard sphere or a nearly parallel G_2 or nearly K\"ahler manifold, respectively. The properties of the Riemannian curvature of the spaces under consideration are also explored.


The work presented in this paper is devoted to the modeling of distribution of post-phrase pause duration for dependency analysis of read Japanese sentences. The pause information is incorporated into a dependency structure parser, which handles numerical information as part of linguistic knowledge. A series of our previous works has shown that the duration of pauses is constantly e(cid:11)ective to improve the parsing accuracy among other prosodic features. This paper aims to improve the parsing accuracy by reforming pause distribution functions to better (cid:12)t the actual distribution of pause duration. First, the pause distribution is divided into two parts, each of which is represented by a separate model: one by a discrete probability model, and the other by a bimodal p.d.f. Secondly, pause duration is calculated in log scale. All the experiments show that these modi(cid:12)cations improve parsing accuracy.


The authors show that capital inflows into the countries of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE)--inflows that are mainly private, debt-driven, and increasingly supplied by banks on a shortening maturity--are especially vulnerable to reversals. They show that the region's banking systems are disproportionately exposed to those reversals, and absorb the lion's share of bank-supplied inflows. They analyze the main links through which external finance turbulence is transmitted to the domestic banking industry, especially during the transition. Mechanisms for prudential regulation are in place in the region--and largely mimic the standards directed by the European Union--but the authors argue that these standards are insufficient for CEE countries. They base their arguments not on actual enforcement (a genuine concern) but on the fact that EU banking directives were designed for more stable economies and for banking systems less vulnerable to reversals in capital inflows. A strong case can be made, for CEE countries to overshoot those directives, at least until the transition is complete.


This paper presents a novel control algorithm to regulate the aerodynamic thrust produced by fixed-pitch rotors commonly used on small-scale electrically powered multirotor aerial vehicles. The proposed controller significantly improves the disturbance rejection and gust tolerance of rotor thrust control compared to state-of-the-art RPM (revolutions per minute) rotor control schemes. The thrust modeling approach taken is based on a model of aerodynamic power generated by a fixed-pitch rotor and computed in real time on the embedded electronic speed controllers  using measurements of electrical power and rotor angular velocity. Static and dynamic flight tests were carried out in downdrafts and updrafts of varying strengths to quantify the resulting improvement in maintaining a desired thrust setpoint. The performance of the proposed approach in flight conditions is demonstrated by a path tracking experiment, where a quadrotor was flown through an artificial wind gust and the trajectory tracking error was measured. The proposed approach for thrust control demonstrably reduced the tracking error compared to classical RPM rotor control.


Flat flaps that enclose the trailer base on the sides and top are known to reduce truck drag and reduce fuel consumption. Such flapped-truck geometries have been studied in laboratory wind tunnels and in field tests. A recent review of wind tunnel data for a variety of truck geometries and flow Reynolds numbers show roughly similar values of peak drag reduction, but differ in the determination of the optimum flap angle. Optimum angles lie in the range 12 degrees-20 degrees, and may be sensitive to Reynolds number and truck geometry. The present field test is undertaken to provide additional estimates of the magnitude of the savings to be expected on a typical truck for five flap angles 10, 13, 16, 19, and 22 degrees. The flaps are constructed from a fiberglass-epoxy-matrix material and are one-quarter of the base width in length (about 61 cm, or 2 feet). They are attached along the rear door hinge lines on either side of the trailer, so that no gap appears at the joint between the flap and the side of the trailer The flap angle is adjusted by means of two aluminum supports. The present test is performed on the NASA Crows Landingmore » Flight Facility at the northern end of the San Joaquin valley in California. The main runway is approximately 2400 meters in length, and is aligned approximately in a north-south direction The test procedure is to make a series of runs starting at either end of the runway. All runs are initiated under computer control to accelerate the truck to a target speed of 60 mph (96 6 km/hr), to proceed at the target speed for a fixed distance, and to decelerate at the far end of the runway. During a run, the broadcast fuel rate, the engine rpm, forward speed, elapsed time--as well as several other parameters (10 in all)--are digitized at a rate of 100 digitizations per second. Various flapped-conditions are interspersed with the ''no flaps'' control, and are sequenced in a different order on different days. Approximately 310 runs are accumulated over the 5-day test period, May 17-21, 2004. The runway slopes rather uniformly upward from north-to-south. Over the distance of 2424 meters between our two ''start'' markers at either end of the runway, the net change in elevation is a little over ten meters. Test results clearly show the greater fuel consumption required to lift the truck against gravity in the southbound direction For this reason, it is important that the tests be averaged over a round trip circuit--that is, a run in both directions over the identical portion of the roadway. Northbound-southbound averages require an overlap segment of the runway (near the middle of the runway) where the truck--starting from either end--has achieved its target speed. For the target truck speed of 60 mph, this overlap region is approximately 700 meters in length. Typically a run and the return run are accomplished within a time interval of 6 minutes. Analysis of the data show fuel consumption savings at all flap angle settings tested, when compared to the ''no flaps'' condition. The most beneficial flap angle appears to be 13 degrees, for which the fuel consumption is 0.3778 {+-} 0.0025 liters/km compared to the ''no flaps'' control of 0.3941 {+-} 0.0034 liters/km. The error bounds expressed above mark the 99% confidence interval in the mean values given. That is, additional estimates of the mean fuel consumption would be expected to lie within the bounds given, approximately 99% of the time. The fuel consumption saving is--to reasonable accuracy--about 1.63 liters/100 kilometers. These savings represent the increment associated only with the change in drag due to the presence or absence of flaps. The result will hold for any truck of similar size and shape and engine performance regardless of the loading of the truck or the rolling resistance. The economy achieved by use of base flaps can be compared to the economy resulting from driving two trucks in a tandem configuration. In December 2003, such fuel consumption tests were performed at the same Crows Landing testsite. In the tests, two identical trucks are operated at headways in the range 3-10 meters. The trucks are steered by hand, but longitudinal control is provided by a closed-loop control system. Laser ranging measures truck-to-truck distance, and the control system maintains a truck separation to within about {+-} 3 centimeters. From these tests it is concluded that both trucks save fuel by close-following, that the fuel saving increases with decreasing spacing, and that the trail truck saves more fuel. An average value of fuel saving for each of the two trucks at spacings of 6-10 meters can be taken to be 3.0 liters/100 km.« less


Most historians agree in attributing the beginnings of modern historical thought to the humanists of the Renaissance. This view seems proper in consideration both of the well known humanist enthusiasm for history and of the technical accomplishments of the great humanist scholars, although this should perhaps be qualified by our growing appreciation of the sophistication of medieval thought, historical as well as philosophical. Nowadays many historians acknowledge that the Reformation, too, made valuable contributions to the study of history, in spite of, or perhaps because of, its polemical character.


There are several different computer systems in LHD (Large Helical Device) experiment, and therefore the coalition of these computers is a key to perform the experiment. Real-time monitoring system is also important because the long discharge is needed in the LHD experiment. In order to achieve these two requirements, the technique of IP multicast is adopted.The authors have developed three new systems, the first one is the real-time monitoring system, the next one is the delivery system of the shot number and the last one is the real-time notification system of the plasma data registration. The first system can deliver the real-time monitoring data to the LHD experimental LAN through the firewall of the LHD control LAN in NIFS. The other two systems are used to realize high coalition of the different computers in the LHD plasma experiment. We can conclude that IP multicast is very useful both in the LHD experiment and a future large plasma experiment from various experiences.


This paper presents a novel human visual system based motion estimation algorithm that produces detailed and coherent motion fields that significantly improves motion segmentation. Its implementation on the TMS320C80 MVP DSP is described together with performance and timing results.


The wind flow around a mainsail and a spinnaker is modelled by using a body fitted grid that is fitted to the sail shapes provided by a sail design programme. In modelling the real situation the velocities solved are the components of the apparent wind velocity, which varies in both speed and direction with height. In this situation the sea surface is moving at minus the boat velocity. A simpler straight flow situation is used to investigate the flow interactions between the sails. It is found that while under some situations this interaction is significant, under normal sailing situations the interaction is quite small. It is also shown that the thrust and side force coefficients with twisted flow are similar to those with straight flow if referenced to the masthead apparent wind speed and direction.


Changing the fibrous capsula of the eyeball treated by injection of nanosizemechanoactivated biological substance was investigated with usage of Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM). It was shown that usage of this method together with spectral analysis of cuts provides the way for impartial assessment of main components of cellular and non-cellular biopolymer. The using nanostructured human placenta was showed to accelerate penetration of the graft in recipient sclera and give rise to the forming novel conjunctive tissue. The novel collagen fibrils showed fibrillar properties that were different from those of the mature fibrils. The results obtained show the potentialities of the use of biocontainers with nanostructured human placenta for the treatment of progressive myopia, retina dystrophy, partial optic-nerve atrophy and some other diseases of the eye. The study performed calls for further investigation in this field.


The neutrino-less conversion of charged leptons, e.g. μ→e+gamma, μ→eee, μN→eN, has never been observed. These Charged Lepton Flavor Violating processes offer deep probes of new physics parameter space. Next generation experiments offer sensitivities that are orders of magnitude better than current limits. An overview of planned experiments is provided, concentrating on experiments utilizing intense muon sources, where the largest improvements are expected. These experiments will probe effective new physics mass scales up to 10,000 TeV/c2, well beyond what can be directly probed at colliders.


The principles of operation and several types of surface acoustic wave devices are reviewed. One device, the interdigital transducer device, can accomplish matched filtering for complex bandwidth-efficient phase modulations. Data speeds in excess of 120 Mb/s are accomplished with existing thin film lithography. Filters are cheap and small, and show little mismatch to the desired response. A number of receiver designs are proposed that are based on these filters. A bank-of-matched-filters approach seems superior to the Viterbi algorithm at high speeds.


In light of recent debates on the existence of a gigaparsec-scale structure
 traced by gamma-ray bursts, namely the Hercules-Corona Borealis Great Wall
 (HCBGW), we revisit large-scale homogeneity in the spatial distribution of
 quasars. Our volume-limited sample of quasars in the redshift range 1:6 < z
 ?2:1, which is constructed from the data release 7 of the Sloan Digital Sky
 Survey quasar catalogue, covers about half of the suspected HCBGW region. We
 analyze the sample in two complementary ways: fractal analysis of
 determining the average scale of homogeneity and friends- of-friends
 analysis of identifying specific large-scale structures. The quasar
 distribution on average reaches homogeneity at rh = 136?38h-1 Mpc and the
 richness and comoving size frequencies of large (>?150h-1 Mpc) quasar groups
 are consistent with the prediction of homogeneous distribution. These
 results put constraints on the spatial extent of the HCBGW but do not
 contradict its existence since our quasar sample does not cover the entire
 HCBGW region.


Hadronic jets have for a long time been a vital tool for investigations of the theory of strong interactions, quantum chromodynamics (QCD). At the LHC (as before at HERA and at the Tevatron), jet and multi-jet measurements especially at central rapidity values (|y| < 2.5) are well described by QCD calculations at next-to-leading order (NLO) based on collinear factorisation and the DGLAP approximation [1]. However, these jets offer access only to limited regions of phase space, in particular to not too small values of parton momentum fraction x and not too large rapidity separations |∆y| of the hard jets created in the collision. In contrast, the behaviour of the proton and QCD jet phenomenology at smaller values of x are still to a certain extent terra incognita. Previous collider experiments — e.g. at HERA and the Tevatron — have endeavoured to explore this region, to look for signs of deviations from the collinearfactorisation DGLAP picture and to establish the necessity of alternative approaches to parton evolution like the BFKL [2] or CCFM [3] evolution approximations. Also phenomena like gluon saturation [4] and kT factorisation [5] have been topics of many studies. A particularly promising region to look for the breakdown of DGLAP assumptions is the "forward region", i.e. the regime of large (pseudo)rapidities: Here, in the vicinity of the beams, highly energetic parton radiation is suppressed in the DGLAP picture. Furthermore, in proton– proton collisions the forward region — compared to the central region — is populated by more asymmetric events in terms of the momentum fractions x1,2 of the two incoming partons, thus potentially allowing for an extension of the phase space to smaller x values. Finally, a large rapidity reach opens up a large phase space (a long parton ladder) between the scattering protons, thus giving a lot of room for parton emissions and for the realisation of the underlying evolution mechanisms. It is due to its extended rapidity reach and its increased centre-ofmass energy that measurements in the forward region at the LHC promise results and insights beyond those achieved in (for example) forward-jet measurements at HERA or measurements of Mueller–Navelet jet events at the Tevatron. Furthermore, the increased reach in x is interesting also for studies of the proton PDFs.


When the generator(nonlinear system)deviates from its working point or when th e in-terference occurs in power system,errors come forth in the control of PID-technique-based PSS(Power System Stabilizer).NOEC(Nonlinear Optimal Excitation Controller)could be used in stead,but it is weak in voltage control.A design principle for the effective control of generator is pre-sented,which combines the PID-based PSS for working point control and the NOEC for accurate ope-rating condition description of generator.The simulative test verifies its validity.


Review(s) of: Burglar Bill by Janet & Allan Ahlberg, Picture Lyons, 1979; Boss for a Week by Libby Handy, illustrated by Jack Newnham, Ashton Scholastic, 1982; Cops and Robbers by Janet & Allan Ahlberg, Picture Lyons, 1980; Would you rather... by John Burningham, Picture Lyons, 1978; Julius by John Burningham, Piper Books in Association with Jonathan Cape, 1986; Don't Forget the Bacon by Pat Hutchins, Picture Puffins, 1976; An Edwardian Holiday by John S. Goodall, Macmillan, 1978; Arthur's Adventure in the Abandoned House by Fernando Krahn, E.P. Dutton Inc., N.Y., 1981; The Grey Lady and the Strawberry Snatcher by Molly Bang, Four Winds Press, N.Y., 1980; The Can by Rita Golden Gelman, illustrated by John Trotta, Macmillan Pub. Co. Inc., 1975.


Xenomelia is a condition not yet recognised as a mental disorder and which conceptual basis is still under construction. The psychiatric literature refers to it as body integrity identity disorder (BIID). People with a disability desire describe a profound mismatch between their actual and their desired body, with respect to its shape or functionality. A frequently used word in their complaints is overcompleteness. People suffer from having four limbs, because they recognize themselves in the identity of an amputee. Those disability desires represent a neurological disorder, specifically a focal syndrome of the right parietal lobe. Clinical neurology identifies many syndromes of various misperceptions of body parts after damage to this site of the brain, ranging from a total neglect of the left side of the body to illusory reduplications and the loss of agency and ownership, to an active aversion or hatred of left-sided limbs. Morphometry shows that there is a reduced cortical surface area for the right inferior parietal lobule in people suffering a disability desire. The question to ask is whether conformance to disability desires can ever be ethically justified. This discussion has unfolded in connection with elective amputations offered to people with xenomelia in some countries. The framework of bioethical principlism indicates that the controversy is mainly about empirical issues.


in two groupings were compared: (1) primary grasses (black, sideoats, and hairy gramas, Arizona cottongrass, tanglehead, mesa threeawn, and Texas timothy) that tend to predominate on lands that receive light or no grazing or are maintained in good condition, and (2) secondary grasses (Rothrock, sprucetop, and slender gramas, and curlymesquite) that tend to occur sparingly on ungrazed ranges but are abundant on ranges in poor condition.


The ultrasonic velocity of the ternary mixtures ethanol + water + ethyl acetate at the range 288.15–323.15 K and atmospheric pressure, has been measured over the whole concentration range. The corresponding change of isentropic compressibility was computed from the experimental data. The results were fitted by means of a temperature-dependent equation, the parameters of which have been gathered in this experiment. The experimental ultrasonic velocities have been analyzed in terms of different theoretical models, an adequate agreement between the experimental and predicted values both in magnitude and sign being obtained, despite the high non-ideal trend of the studied mixture. The obtained experimental values indicate varying extent of interstitial accommodation among unlike molecules as a function of steric hindrance attending to ethyl acetate composition as key component and as a function of hydrogen bond and temperature attending to ethanol composition as key component.


The reproducing method of the waste acid catalyst to increase the activity of the catalyst by removing the binding polymer is disclosed in the waste acid catalyst deactivated by the binding polymer. Removal of the binding polymer comprises an addition and alkylation of the hydrogenation, the basic reagent. The methods are applicable to all acidic catalyst and has been described with reference to specific ionic liquid catalysts. Reproduction, the acidic catalyst, an ionic liquid, combining the polymer


Summary form only given. In wireless communications, the noise is a more serious problem than in landline communications. To end users, the voice from a wireless handset includes various kinds of noises involved from different sources and communication stages, such as the environmental background noise, electronic device noise, coding and computation noise, communication channel noise, etc. How to reduce the noises and enhance the speech is an important research topic to high-quality wireless communications, and noise reduction is becoming a new feature and selling point to wireless handsets. Supported by the U.S. Government research funding, we have been studying the problem for years and have developed new algorithms and chips for noise reduction and speech enhancement for commercial wireless environments. Our algorithm is based on the mathematic models of the human hearing system, and it can improve the SNR for more than 15 dB in the environments of commercial wireless applications. The chip is a low cost and low power consumption implementation. It can be inserted into wireless handsets or equipments directly. In this presentation, we will demonstrate our noise reduction algorithms with various background noises in comparison with other products on the market. Our chips with pre-loaded algorithm are ready for cell phone manufactures for new high-quality wireless handsets.


Oxidative stress has been linked to ischemic heart disease. Its role in non‐ischemic settings is less established. Recycling of glutathione (GSH) with its disulfide product (GSSG) is a major component of intracellular redox regulation. We tested the hypothesis that in vivo cardiac GSH depletion in mice causes increased myocyte oxidative stress and modulates cardiac performance. Mice were pretreated with buthionine sulfoximine (BSO, 888mg/kg, glutathione biosynthesis inhibitor); cardiac performance was measured at 24hr using ECGs and echocardiography, at rest and after isoproterenol dosing (ISO, 2.5mg/kg ip). LV tissues were isolated for GSH and GSSG determination followed by NOS2 and protein 3‐nitrotyrosine prevalence by histochemistry. BSO caused reductions of GSH and GSH/GSSG at 24hr (p<0.01), returning to control levels by 7d. At rest, GSH depletion caused elongation of QTc, decreased LV diastolic performance, and increased LV stroke volume (p<0.05). ISO caused increases in QTc and provoked arrhythmia in BSO pretreated animals only. GSH depletion was correlated with increased myocyte NOS2 and protein 3‐NT, as well as QTc (p<0.01). These data demonstrate that acute depletion of cardiac GSH can perturb myocardial performance. These perturbations are enhanced during stress and may be mediated by myocyte NOS2 induction and nitration of cellular constituents.


This paper proposed a fault line voting selection method based on atomic sparse decomposition (ASD) and extreme learning machine (ELM). Firstly, it adopted ASD algorithm to decompose zero sequence current of every feeder line at first two cycles and selected the first four atoms to construct main component atom library, fundamental atom library, and transient characteristic atom libraries 1 and 2, respectively. And it used information entropy theory to calculate the atom libraries; the measure values of information entropy are got. It constructed four ELM networks to train and test atom sample and then obtained every network accuracy. At last, it combined the ELM network output and confidence degree to vote and then compared the vote number to achieve fault line selection (FLS). Simulation experiment illustrated that the method accuracy is 100%, it is not affected by fault distance and transition resistance, and it has strong ability of antinoise interference.


Rotator cuff injuries are reason for consultation frequent in elderly patients. Most of the time there are no background traumatic acute generating progressive limitations in activities of daily living (ADLS). The objective of this study is to show results in tendonitis of the rotator cuff, in patients treated with extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT). It is a prospective descriptive observational study which presents clinical and functional outcomes in patients with described lesion, treated with ESWT with poor response to conventional treatments and clinical pictures of longstanding through implementing visual analog scale (VAS) of pain and evaluation of range of motion. The greater presence of lesion is present in women 63.6%. Mostly affected shoulder was right in a 63.6%. Found significant changes in VAS pre and post treatment with averages of 7.9 and 0.5 respectively and different statistical p < 0.001. We were conclude that the ESWT is an effective method in the treatment of the tendonitis of the rotator cuff with relief from pain and return to functional levels.


185 Background: Administrative data is increasingly being used to study treatment related complications that lead to acute care visits such as emergency department visits or hospitalizations (ED+H). We evaluated the accuracy of diagnosis codes for identifying chemotherapy related acute care visits (CRVs) among women with breast cancer.

METHODS
We prospectively developed algorithms to identify CRVs from administrative data in women receiving adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer in Ontario, Canada. Sensitivity (SN) and specificity (SP) were calculated for 3 scenarios: chemotherapy related ED visit, chemotherapy related H, and febrile neutropenia (FN) related visit using the chart as the gold standard. Since there is no specific diagnosis code for FN, three definitions of FN were considered: general (defined as fever or infection or neutropenia as main reason for visit), moderate (neutropenia as main reason for visit) or strict (fever or infection plus neutropenia). The population based cohort was generated by linking several health databases to identify women who had at least one ED+H during adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer between 2007-2009. The validation cohort consisted of 490 randomly selected cases from this cohort.

RESULTS
The population-based cohort consisted of 8,359 patients of whom 43.4% had at least one ED+H including 1,496 women who had multiple visits resulting in 6,293 unique ED+H. Of these, 73.1% were considered CRVs based on our algorithm. The algorithm performed well in identifying CRVs that included an H either from ED (SN 90%, SP 100%) or directly from home (SN 91%, SP 93%) but less well for ED visits that did not result in H (SN 65%, SP 80%). Depending on which FN algorithm was used, 1.4-24% of visits were considered FN related. The general FN algorithm had excellent SN regardless of whether the visit involved H (94-98%) but SP was moderate (66-80%). The strict FN algorithm had good SP (78-99%) but SN was highly variable (13-89%). The moderate FN algorithm provided the best tradeoff between SN (69-97%) and SP (76-98%).

CONCLUSIONS
CRVs can be identified from administrative data with reasonable confidence, obviating the need for chart abstraction to evaluate chemotherapy related serious events.


The present invention relates to a transport pipe (4) for transporting a fluid or powder-like substances, from one or more sources to the outlet, The transport pipe 4 is one or characterized in that it includes at least one movable section (6) having an assembled device selectively as more pumps (7) or filter (8), and the cleaning operation line section (6) is coupled to the cleaning station 22, the water for the first washing is transported through a flexible line section (6), preferably at least a portion is recycled several times, the used water is discharged, the second the new water for cleaning the transfer through the flexible line section (6) and the second after transferring the water used from the cleaning tank 24 to the first cleaning tank 23, comes from the third cleaning tank 25 in that water it is transferred to the first cleaning tank 23 through a flexible line section (6), the can be re-used in the first washing liquid for the next operating line segment with the collected washing liquid in the first washing tank 23 is washed It characterized.


This paper estimates the regional differences of characteristics of carbon emissions by calculating the carbon emissions of 29 provinces through 995-2008.The LMDI decomposition model is used to decompose the growth rate of China's carbon emissions into 3 types of driving factors,i.e.per capita GDP,energy structure and energy intensity,the latter being further decomposed into industrial intensity and industrial structure.The empirical results show that per capita GDP growth is the strongest driving force for the growth of carbon emissions,that the decline in energy intensity of production sector is the main negative factor and is mainly determined by the energy intensity of industrial sector,and that industrial restructuring promotes the total energy intensity.Finally,policy recommendations are proposed such as optimizing energy structure and regional industrial structure,reducing regional energy intensity and promoting low-carbon economy.


The problem of low interest of Polish literary scholars in the satire is discussed in the article. The author points to the need for a deeper reflection on this phenomenon, aimed at restoring the term "satire" as necessary neutral for effective use in the analytical-interpretative practice. Taking into account the autocratic potential of satire, the author suggests to look at it as a form of challenge to the reader, which provokes the search for a "new perspective".


This article expresses the results of a comprehensive scientific research: 1) classification of information tools used in arbitration and civil proceedings; 2) identified problematic aspects of the use of legal reference systems and automated information retrieval systems, identified the importance of use the automated systems within the lawyer's request; 3) analyzed the features of the use of videoconferencing systems by a lawyer; 4) the problematic aspect of the preservation of attorney secrecy was found when using EDS within the SAS "Electronic Justice". The study is based on doctrinal sources (russian and foreign), concepts of the Government of the Russian Federation, intra-judicial administrative acts and corporate norms of the intra-legal community.


Background/Context As grounding for our work, we consider the creation and development of the teaching profession as a particularly "feminine" role. We then briefly describe the contemporary context of schooling, particularly related to neoliberal accountability and its impact on teachers' experiences. This comparison shows that the historical claims pertaining to women in the teaching workforce have modern-day equivalents, suggesting that the workforce and emotions pertaining to it are still heavily regulated and monitored. Purpose of Study The purpose of this study is to explore how teachers' emotions are or are not supported and nurtured in an urban high school, contextualized by an exploration of what it means to work in a "feminized" profession that is increasingly subject to regulations that limit teachers' autonomy and agency. Research Design Drawing on portraiture methodology and using interview and field note data from a case study on teacher morale in an urban high school, we advance a theory about the emotional rules of teaching in a neoliberal era. Findings We argue that teachers have been socialized into the emotional rules of the profession in ways that inhibit their expressions of so-called outlaw emotions, or negative emotions that certain groups have been taught not to exhibit. For some teachers, these emotions may manifest as vulnerability, shame, or burnout. Conclusions/Recommendations We conclude that emotional rules are embodied and that there are material consequences to the ways teachers are required to regulate their emotions. Teachers' expressions of outlaw emotions should be viewed as courageous. Teachers' vulnerability should be nurtured at both individual and institutional levels in order to build teacher community, reduce feelings of burnout and isolation, and ultimately (hopefully) reduce teacher attrition. Valuing the humanity and emotions of teachers is a critical step in ensuring humanity for all of our children.


Laksmi Rahmadian S. 2018. "The Influence of Family Environment on Vocabulary Mastery of Childern Aged 5-7 Years in Al-Ishlah Kindergarten Semarang". Skripsi (S1) Faculty of Humanities Diponegoro Univercity Semarang. Advisor (1) Drs. Hendarto Saputra, S.U., M. Th. (2) Drs. Ary Setyadi, M.S.

Vocabulary mastery in children is influenced by school environmental factors and family environment. Differences in family environment lead to differences in vocabulary mastery in children. The purpose of this research is to identify and mengekplanasi family environmental factors that affect the mastery of vocabulary of students in kindergarten Al-Ishlah Semarang.
The research was conducted in Semarang, Al-Ishlah kindergarten. The research method used was cross-sectional design. The sample was chosen by purposive sampling method, based on 5-7 year age classification, the number was 13 children. The data taken was the number of vocabularies that were masteried by the students by showing a picture card of 302 pieces, as dependent variables (Y). As an independent variable (X), were 8 family environmental factors including 1) father education, 2) maternal education, 3) parent income, 4) number of family members, 5) duration of interaction with father, 6) duration of interaction with mother, 7 ) learning stimulation, 8) language stimulation. Furthermore, each variable X described its influence on the number of vocabulary mastery (Y), either analyzed statistically with correlation and determination test using SPSS 16.
The result of this study found that the level of mastery of vocabulary of students in kindergarten Al-Ishlah Semarang was 200-294 vocabulary (66-97%). The order of influence of the family environment on the mastery of vocabulary of students in kindergarten of Al-Ishlah Semarang from the greatest influence is the long interaction with the father (44%), the number of family members in the house (28.8%), learning stimulation (13.4%), (13.4%), maternal education (12.1%), parent income (6.1%), duration of interaction with mother (0.8%) and father education (0.4%). Of the overall environmental factors family, which has a significant effect on vocabulary mastery is the interaction with the father and the number of family members. Both factors are negative, which means that the longer a child's interaction with the father and the greater number of family members living in one house, the vocabulary of the child is lower.

Keywords: vocabulary mastery, early childhood, family environmental factors, correlation.


When the temperature is above zero centigrade,methane hydrate decomposition can be regarded as a gassolid reaction without solid production layer.From crystal dissolution angle,the paper studied on hydrate particle shrinking problem.The paper related particle radius to reaction time with a differential equation and thus built a particle shrinking model of methane hydrate decomposition.Dynamics analysis was done by use of experimental data from the literature,which indicated that interface chemical reaction was the control of the process.Global reaction velocity constant and the activation energy of methane hydrate decomposition.The results from the model match the experimental data perfectly showing that the model is of high reliability.