THE ETHNOGRAPHER HAS OFTEN TO FACE THE PROBLEM of interpreting symbols or symbolic acts which, within their culture, exist without a sanctioning explanation. He must consequently decipher and explain discursively what the native intuitively perceives and responds to. In seeking to discover what significance such a symbol has, we must find first how the form is set in its institutional context; and second, how it is integrated into the religious, moral, and motivational systems within the society. In this analysis we have interpreted a symbol for which the Yoruba can offer no explanation; we have therefore tried to introduce the Yoruba consciousness much as Griaule did with the Dogon culture, and Evans-Pritchard with those of the Azande and Nuer. In a purely structural-functional type of analysis interpretation is, in contrast, limited by such direct references as can be made to the model; there the anthropologist too often assumes that the symbol can simply be interpreted reductively as having referents in his constructed pattern of social relations. In this elucidation of a complex non-verbal symbol, our interpretations explore a wider range of meaning, but these interpretations nevertheless may be referred to evidence that can be judged by objective criteria. Weight is added to our interpretation of the symbol under discussion by showing that its elements are given explicit meaning in other contexts such as myths, praise songs, and ritual sculpture. The symbol that concerns us here (Plates I and II) is one which decorates the laba, a flat red leather bag about twenty inches square which is part of the equipment of every priest of Shango, the thunder god of the Yoruba of south-west Nigeria.' Covering the face of the laba are the four identical symbolic panel designs for which we could elicit no verbal explanation. The bag itself is used to contain ritual objects, and is carried by the priests when purifying a spot where lightning has struck and, also, when in full panoply they join the procession of the priesthood at the main annual rite of the god.2 For the Shango devotees, the bag has symbolic value, and it seems from discussions with them that its significance lies mostly in its decorated panels. But their meaning is not perceived in rational terms, and the worshippers were only able to describe its use; they could not interpret the decoration as a whole or by parts in terms of any of their explanatory systems. Shango worshippers are particularly averse to intellectual approaches and their ritual symbolic forms are often preserved without explanation and even without a myth supporting their meaning. We are here attempting to discover by conceptual and aesthetic analysis what the panel design directly conveys to the Yoruba as a symboJ. The analysis is to be founded upon the aesthetic content of the laba, on its place in the rites of Shango, and on the resemblance of its decorative elements to those that, when found elsewhere in Yoruba 23


Published online : 19 March, 2019 Abstract: Following the line of trade literature, our study aims to understand the impact of trade facilitators (LPI and GCI) on total trade. While considering a cross section OLS of 109 countries, classified by their income-levels and regions, we emphasize on the differences in facilitations of international trade. We exhibit that irrespective of other trade facilitators, better logistics are enhancing trade flows in several regions (including Europe & Central Asia, Latin America & Caribbean, Sub-Saharan Africa, East & Asian Pacific and South Asia), whereas, competitiveness plays an important role promoting trade in Middle East & North Africa. It further implicates that countries improving their logistics services assist in the enhancement of trade.


T he etiology of sarcoidosis, and other diffuse interstitial lung diseases, has been elusive. Definitive treatment has, therefore, not been available. In 1952, Siltzbachl documented that sarcoidosis, a d i h e interstitial lung disease, had been treated with the following medications: calcium salts, gold, arsenicals, potassium iodide, chaulmoogra oil, antileprol, tuberculin, penicillin, streptomycin, promin, diasone, aureomycin, radiation therapy, nitrogen mustard, and calciferol. In the dauntless, empirical nature of medical science it was inevitable that shortly after their availability, adrenal corticosteroids would be utilized in the treatment of sarcoidosis. When a case of sarcoidosis with severe uveitis was successfully treated with cortisone, it prompted Siltzbachl to use cortisone in 13 patients with sarcoidosis. He found that all 13 improved either subjectively or radiologically with treatment. He thought that fresh lesions appeared to be more responsive than older and more established disease, although he never defined a "fresh" lesion. Israel and associatesZ also used clinical and roentgenographic assessment to gauge the effects of steroids on patients with sarcoidosis. They noted a variable response, depending on the extent of the disease and whether an initial or long term improvement was considered. However, the physiologic evidence of this improvement has &en contradictory.l-lo Serial studies of pulmonary function tests in relation to steroid therapy have demonstrated improvement in vital capacity and flow rates,s and in diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (Dss) using either the single breath ( D ~ B ) ~ , or exercise steady-state (Dss) technic.' A recent controlled study6 failed to demonstrate significant difference in Dss and resting and exercise arterial oxygen tension (PaO,) between steroid-treated and untreated patients with sarcoidosis. Since the evidence for physiologic improvement with steroid therapy has been quite contradictory, several questions must be raised about our ability to assess changes to therapy in diffuse interstitial disease. First, is there a variable course with spontaneous waxing and waning of the disease process? We cannot answer this question on the basis of our study which was relatively short term and so was designed to minimize the effects of spontaneous changes which tend to occur over longer time periods. Second, to what extent is the magnitude and/or severity of the disease a factor in the amount of response? The best that can be said is that steroids are not expected to


Abstract— Superfused slices of the rat dentate gyrus were employed to study the release of GABA, glutamate and aspartate, which are considered strong neurotransmitter candidates in this region. The introduction of Ca2+ to a Ca2+‐free superfusion medium containing a depolarizing agent augmented the efflux of all three amino acids. The response to application of Ca2+ nearly always occurred within 30 s, the shortest interval tested in these studies. The efflux rate reached a peak within 90 s and then declined to a level slightly greater than the prestimulation baseline. The failure to maintain the maximal rate with continued exposure to Ca2+ and depolarizing influences appeared not to result from a reduction in Ca2+ permeability caused by continuous depolarization. Ca2+ also stimulated the efflux of exogenously loaded radiolabeled GABA, glutamate and aspartate, but not proline. Exogenously loaded GABA was more readily released than endogenous GABA. Otherwise the effects of various treatments on their efflux rates were qualitatively similar.


Molecular dynamics calculations have been employed to simulate the freezing transition of an unsupported nanometer-sized Au droplet with a radius of about 3 nm. The freezing point was initially determined by gradually decreasing the droplet temperature by the stochastic Nosè thermostat. A realistic cooling process was then simulated starting from a liquid Au droplet slightly above the freezing point and employing a He gas collisional thermostat. Freezing nucleates at the droplet surface and is mediated by coalescence processes involving small clusters of solid-like atoms.


This study develops a new approach for tracking single object through a video in case of partial occlusion. The approach uses an active contour (AC) to determine the mass center of the target in the present frame. The mass center is utilized by a Modied Kalman Filter which estimates its position, in the next frame, as the center of the area, the target is most likely to appear in. This area is bounded by the AC, which evolves toward the target. If multiple objects are enveloped, a shell algorithm splits the AC to multiple contours utilizing the mass center position estimated in the previous frame. Every shell is constructed by a part of the AC which envelops the visible, from the contour, parts of objects and ends at the mass center of the AC. In every shell, an AC extracts the object's boundary and generates a nite numerical sequence as a signature for this boundary. A sequence alignment approach matches the signature of every object, in the present frame, with the signature of the target. To validate the method, experiments are performed on 14 videos. The paper ends with discussion on the results and the contributions comparing them with contemporary works.


fTr^HE earth dam of the South Fork Fishing and Hunting Club ot ICambria County, Pennsylvania, gave way about 3:15 p.m. on Friday, May 31, 1889. The waters of the South Fork reservoir, known as Lake Conemaugh, thus released, traversed the fifteen miles to Johnstown ina time variously estimated at from twenty-five minutes to an hour, causing a property loss of about $22,000,000, accompanied by a great loss of life. Ihave no desire to play upon your emotions by recalling pathetic scenes andIapproach this narrative with the dignity and respect which Ithink this great tragedy deserves.


The present invention relates to a computer that is rotated open and close from the additional liquid crystal display unit, a cable for electrically connecting the liquid crystal display unit and the main body and, while the liquid crystal display unit rotating support so that the rotating opening and closing from the liquid crystal display portion body being of a hinge that is coupled to the main body, the hinge unit includes a computer, characterized in that the said cable has an axis that passes through the hollow, electrically connecting the liquid crystal display unit and the main body to the hollow shaft the cable is through .


The present study (a) examined the effect of image congruence on dimensions of relationship quality (satisfaction and trust) and switching intention, (b) investigated the mediating effect of relationship quality components, and (c) tested the moderating impact of the conspicuousness of product use on the links among these variables. A survey was conducted at luxury restaurants in a metropolitan city. Overall fit of the proposed model and research hypotheses were tested through structural equation modeling and a series of modeling tests for metric invariance. The results showed that social and ideal social image congruencies had a critical role in explaining relationship quality and switching intention; relationship quality components significantly mediated the influence of image-congruence factors on intention; and conspicuousness of product use was found to affect the image-congruence components (satisfaction links), the social image congruence (trust link), and the trust (switching intention link). The findings emphasize the significance of study variables in decreasing restaurant customers' intention to switch.


Objective The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of nursing intervention on xerostomia in patient with AIDS. Methods From October 2010 to April 2012, nursing interventions were administered in 53 AIDS patients with xerostomia during treatment. The self-designed evaluation form was used to evaluate the oral dryness of patients before and after nursing intervention. Results There were significant changes on oral dryness of patients before and after nursing invention(P 0.01). There was a progressive decrease in the occurrence degree of oral dryness from level 0 to level 4. The number of patients decreased by 11.4% in level 4, but increased by 9.4% in level 0. There was a positive correlation between the intervention time and treatment effect. Establishment of an effective oral care hygiene behavior intervention could help patients create a healthy lifestyle. Conclusion Nursing intervention is important to relieving xerostomia of AIDS patients.


The visual modeling facilities of the UML do not provide sufficient means to support the design of multi-agent systems. In this paper, we are investigating the development phases of requirements analysis, design, and code generation for multi agent systems. In the requirements analysis phase, we are using extended use case diagrams to identify agents and their relationship to the environment. In the design phase, we are using stereotyped class and object diagrams to model different agent types and their related goals and strategies. While these diagrams define the static agent system architecture, dynamic agent behavior is modeled in statecharts with respect to the BDI1 agent approach. Concerning code generation, we show how the used diagrams can be taken to generate code for CASA, our executable agent specification language that is integrated into an existing multi-agent framework.


Perry‐Romberg Syndrome (PRS) is rare, of unknown etiology, with only occasional neurological involvement. We report the clinical and MRI findings, brain biopsy and progression of a patient with PRS over a 9‐year period. A 38‐year‐old female with a 25‐year history of PRS, presented in 12/05 with a bilateral constant blindspot in her left inferior visual field (LIVF). Her MRI was normal in 1995; in 1997 had revealed 3 small contrast‐enhancing white matter lesions in the right occipital lobe (ROL), which resolved in 5 months. In 06/2005, she developed episodes of visual hallucinations in her LIVF followed by scintillating scotomas and headache. These attacks became daily over the next 3 months. After a generalized seizure, a new MRI revealed a large ROL enhancing lesion. She had left inferior homonymous paracentral scotomas. Her symptoms responded to dexamethasone and phenytoin. Upon developing new occipital lesions on cranial MRI, an occipital biopsy showed vasculopathy of parenchmal vessels without fibrinoid necrosis or giant cells, and perivascular and parenchymal chronic inflammatory infiltrates, with no evidence of infection or demyelination. Rare past cases of neuropathology in PRS or related "scleroderma en coup de sabre" patients with seizures report chronic inflammation or microangiopathy. A similarity to Rasmussen's encephalitis was emphasized. The symptomatology, neuroradiological evolution and histopathology of the current case supports an inflammatory /autoimmune process.


AIM: To study the influence of Auricularia auriculajudae polysaccharide (APP) on celular immunity of mice bearing tumor. METHODS: Influence of AAP on lymphocyte proliferaton and IL-2 production of H_(22) mice and was observed by cell cultivation. And the influence of AAP on free Ca~(2+) concentration in lymphocytes of H_(22) mice through laser sacanning confocal microscope (LSCM). RESULTS: AAP can lengthen the average survival time of H_(22) tumor-bearing mice. The research of immune function indicated that AAP can improve the tumor-bearing mice's celular immunity the increase in lymphocytes, and the product of IL-2 and Ca~(2+) concentration inside lymphocytes. CONCLUSION:AAP has a function of anti-tumor. The mechanism has a relation to raising the celular immunity.


Purpose – This study aims to reveal the phenomenon of women entrepreneurs in the era of the Metaverse and analyze the Islamic economic viewpoint on using the Metaverse for business purposes. Methodology – For the research procedure, this study uses a qualitative method with descriptive analyses and collects the sources of research using the library research technique. Findings – This paper's findings showed that a growing number of entrepreneurs are conducting business in the Metaverse world, including women entrepreneurs. It also can be seen that cryptocurrencies used as tools for business transactions in the Metaverse are not in accordance with Islamic principles. It can be concluded that it is better for Muslim entrepreneurs to always be on track with the Islamic way, particularly in running their businesses.Implications – The rising amount of women entrepreneurs in this generation has become remarkable, concurrent with the evolution of digitalization which eases the praxis of business to occur, particularly in the era of the Metaverse. Yet, it is also essential to analyze the usage of the business platform in the sphere of Metaverse from the perspective of Islamic economics for business activity, not to contradict the principles of Islam. Originality – This study is to complete the lack of previous studies explaining the phenomenon of women entrepreneurs in the recent era of the Metaverse and discuss the perspective of Islamic economics concerning business in the Metaverse sphere.


This paper presents modified Sierpinski monopole fractal antenna for dual band applications. Considerable size reduction upto 53.5% in terms of the overall size of the antenna and 74.24% in terms of the copper remaining is achieved in comparison to the conventional triangular monopole antenna. The fractalization is done upto second order for radiation of the fractal antenna in two frequency bands. The antenna is simulated, modeled and optimized in HFSS and CST. For the optimization of the proposed structure in the desired bands the parametric analysis is done for different dimensions of the fractal antenna. Fabricated prototype is developed and measured results are presented along with the simulated ones.


No‐choice and binary‐choice bioassays were used to test the effect of a range of plant‐derived insecticides on the behaviour of larvae of the black blowfly Phormia regina (Meigen). Azadirachtin (100 and 10 ppm), pyrethrum extract (10 ppm) and the naphthoquinone BTG 505 (1000 ppm) acted as deterrents for P. regina larvae. The mortality of larvae was reduced in instances where they moved away from a treated diet. Larvae given a choice were heavier, when compared with larvae reared exclusively on diets containing either azadirachtin (100 or 10 ppm) or the naphthoquinones, BTG 504 (1000 ppm) or BTG 505 (1000 ppm). The deterrent effect of azadirachtin, pyrethrum and the naphthoquinone BTG 505 together with their larvicidal activity, could be utilized in prophylaxis against myiasis infections due to larvae of Phormia regina. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


This index presents a list of biblical references, Jewish and Christian apocryphal literature, and other ancient and medieval literature relevant to the book. A list of ancient and medieval persons and places, and modern authors is also provided. The book presents studies that focus on personal eschatology in the Jewish and early Christian apocalypses. The apocalyptic tradition from its Jewish origins until the early middle ages is studied as a continuous literary tradition, in which both continuity of motifs and important changes in understanding of life after death can be charted.Keywords: Christian apocalypses; cosmic eschatology; fate of dead


Shukur Kholmirzaev, as a person with his own personal artistic style, avoids criticism, one-sidedness, narrative. Although stingy with words, they only achieve a full and vivid delivery to the reader. But sometimes it seems that his works are not finished. This encourages the reader to think, to think deeply. The verdict on the protagonists of the work is brought to the reader's attention. This article discusses Shukur Kholmirzaev 's unique artistic style in the novel "Olaboji" .


Left and right cardiac structures have been shown to provide important prognostic information in patients with various cardiac disorders. They have always been important biomarkers in patients with heart failure and are crucial in the judgment of a variety of heart diseases.


347 (2012). 42 Ma D, Parsons T, Olson WC. Single-dose activity of PSMA ADC against prostate cancer xenograft and explant tumors. Proc. Am. Assoc. Clin. Oncol. 28(Suppl.), Abstract e13534 (2010).e13534 (2010). 43 Rotshteyn Y, Mercier F, Bruno R, Stambler N, Israel RJ, Wong V. Correlation of PSMA ADC exposure with reduction in tumor growth rate determined using serial PSA measurements from a Phase I clinical trial. J. Clin. Oncol. 31(Suppl.), Abstract e16047 (2013). 44 Petrylak DP, Kantoff PW, Mega AE et al. Prostate-specific membrane antigen antibody drug conjugate (PSMA ADC): a Phase I trial in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) previously treated with a taxane. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol. 31(Suppl.), Abstract 5018 (2013). 45 Saeki N, Gu J, Yoshida T, Wu X. Prostate stem cell antigen: a Jekyll and Hyde molecule? Clin. Cancer Res. 16, 3533–3538 (2010). 46 Reiter RE, Gu Z, Watabe T et al. Prostate stem cell antigen: a cell surface marker overexpressed in prostate cancer. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 95, 1735–1740 (1998). 47 Gu Z, Thomas G, Yamashiro J et al. Prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) expression increases with high gleason score, advanced stage and bone metastasis in prostate cancer. Oncogene 19, 1288–1296 (2000). 48 Saffran DC, Raitano AB, Hubert RS et al. Anti-PSCA mAbs inhibit tumor growth and metastasis formation and prolong the survival of mice bearing human prostate cancer xenografts. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 98, 2658–2663 (2001). 49 Antonarakis ES, Carducci MA, Eisenberger MA et al. Phase I rapid dose-escalation study of AGS-1C4D4, a human anti-PSCA (prostate stem cell antigen) monoclonal antibody, in patients with castration resistant prostate cancer: a PCCYC trial. Chemother. Pharmacol. 69, 763–771 (2012). 50 Morris MJ, Eisenberger MA, Pili R et al. A Phase I/II study of AGS-PSCA for castration-resistant prostate cancer. Ann. Oncol. 23, 2714–2719 (2012). 51 Ribas A, Chmielowski B, Glapsy JA. Do we need a different set of response assessment criteria for tumor immunotherapy? Clin. Cancer Res. 15, 7116–7118 (2009). 52 Scher HI, Heller G. Clinical states in prostate cancer: toward a dynamic model of disease progression. Urology 55, 323–327 (2000).


Background, Aims. Whether diabetes mellitus affects the prognosis of stroke patients, and whether admission hyperglycemia influences prognosis similarly in diabetic as in non‐diabetic patients is assessed controversially. The aims of the study were: 1) to compare the course of diabetic and non‐diabetic acute stroke patients, and 2) to assess the influence of admission serum glucose levels on case fatality. Methods. In 57 Austrian medical departments the hospital course of consecutive stroke patients was documented prospectively between June 1999 and October 2000. Results. Two hundred and ninety‐six (30%) of 992 patients had a history of diabetes mellitus. Intracerebral hemorrhage was more frequent in non‐diabetic patients than diabetic (13% versus 5%, P = 0.0001). Coronary heart disease was more frequent in diabetic than in non‐diabetic patients (35% versus 24%, P = 0.0003). The case fatality was 18% among non‐diabetic and 16% among diabetic patients (P = 0.3559). Among patients who were discharged alive, the Barthel Index increased from 50 to 90 in non‐diabetic and from 45 to 75 in diabetic patients (P = 0.0403). In non‐diabetic patients, admission serum glucose>9.2 mmol/L was associated with a more than 4‐fold increase in case fatality, compared with patients with serum glucose<5.7 mmol/L (P<0.0001). Conclusions. Diabetic stroke patients need special care since they tend to have a poorer recovery than non‐diabetic patients. Admission hyperglycemia in non‐diabetic acute stroke patients predicts a poor prognosis.


Five equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) genome sequences with links to an EHV-1 outbreak with neurological disorders after a horse gathering in Valencia, Spain, in February 2021, were determined. All strains showed the closest relationships to strains from Belgium and the United Kingdom, indicating a common source of infection. ABSTRACT Five equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) genome sequences with links to an EHV-1 outbreak with neurological disorders after a horse gathering in Valencia, Spain, in February 2021, were determined. All strains showed the closest relationships to strains from Belgium and the United Kingdom, indicating a common source of infection.


1 For a list of approximately eight hundred items, see Alfred M. Tozzer, A Maya Grammar with Bibliography and Appraisement of the Works Cited, in Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology, Harvard University, Vol. IX (Cambridge, 1921). In this list he attempts to give only those 'which describe or treat the language at some length'. 2 There are, however, some brief references to "accent" which, in part, represent the reaction of previous writers to some of the data described here. In addition, a considerable amount of difficulty and inconsistency in the description of vowel length seems to have been caused by a confusion between length, pitch, and glottal stop. Note the material by Tozzer, op. cit. 19 fn. 6. Tozzer also states (27) that, 'In spite of some authorities to the contrary, there seem to be few cases [but he cites none, and does not write stress] where a difference in accent occasions a difference in the meaning of the form.' To this statement he appends the following footnote: 'I was unable to find the distinction in accent made by BeltrAn (S 98) between the infinitive of certain verbs in -1 and the past participle; lub-dl, to fall and lub-ul, a thing fallen. lik-il, to raise and lik-il, a thing raised.' For the contrastive pitch (within similar stress conditions) of these particular items in modern Maya, see Section Three of this present paper and footnote eight below. Though Tozzer indicates glottalized consonants, he does not write the highly significant


This study aims to analyze the value of the underground economy in Indonesia and the potential lost taxes due to the underground economy. The method in this study uses a monetary approach by using the variable amount of currency demand, tax burden, opportunity cost, inflation, financial innovation and GDP. The data used in this study are secondary data from quarterly time series for the period 2016 2019. The analysis technique used is multiple linear regression with the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method and also the underground economy measurement equation. The results showed that the factors that have a significant influence are tax burden, financial innovation and also GDP. Meanwhile, the inflation and interest rate variables do not have a significant effect. The nominal value of underground economy in Indonesia during the 2016-2019 period is in the range of 475,634 billion to 750,839 billion or an average of 627,541 billion per quarter or equivalent to 17.65% of nominal GDP. The potential for lost taxes due to underground economic activities in Indonesia during the 2016-2019 period shows an increasing trend. In 2016, the potential tax loss was around 1,229,514 billion to 1,395,872 billion. This value continues to increase until the end of 2019, which means that the potential for state revenue is also reduced due to underground economic activities. These findings indicate that there are still many economic activities that are not detected by the government so that the potential for lost taxes is still high. Keywords— Tax Burden, Inflation, Tax Potential,


Objective: Previous studies suggested that serum gamma-glutamyltransferase levels were associated with the prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome. However, previous investigations of the association between serum GGT levels and cardiovascular risk factors were based on the general population. Therefore, we aimed to investigate this relationship in Korean hypertensive patients. Design and method: This cross-sectional study was based on data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2012. The analysis included 1,541 hypertensive participants. Study participants were divided into groups according to tertiles of serum gamma-glutamyltransferase with cutoff points of 20 and 35 U/L. We compared sociodemographic status, health behavior, anthropometric measurements and various cardiovascular risk factors, including fasting plasma glucose, creatinine, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and Hemoglobin A1c. To calculate the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio UACR), urine albumin and creatinine levels were examined together. A high urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio was defined as the highest tertile of UACR. The estimated glomerular filtration rate was calculated using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease study equation. Results: Serum gamma-glutamyltransferase levels were positively associated with the components of metabolic syndrome (p-value < 0.05, except for systolic blood pressure and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol). After adjusting for possible confounders, serum gamma-glutamyltransferase levels were associated with an increased risk of metabolic syndrome, high waist circumference (> 90 cm in men or > 80 cm in women), high triglyceride level (> 150 mg/dL), high fasting plasma glucose (> 100 mg/dL), diabetes mellitus, and high urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (p = 0.001). Conclusions: In hypertensive patients, serum gamma-glutamyltransferase levels are positively associated with major cardiovascular risk factors such as metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, and urinary albumin excretion.


Natural ninivite silica gel, purified amorphous silica and industrial silica gel have been doped with chromium oxides and investigated using x-ray powder diffraction, x-ray fluorescence, thermal analysis, infrared spectra and technical instrumental analysis. Results indicate the presence of pentachromium oxide associated with chromium trioxide supported on amorphous silica and quartz. The observed physical properties evaluated the scientific and economic utilization of those samples as adsorbents to separate Iraqi virgin olive oil into its simple components. Infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra have been applied to study the chemical composition of the separated fractions.


ABSTRACT The complexity of financial markets is driving researchers to multiply their efforts in order to improve their forecasting methods. This paper inoculates an old trading strategy with fuzzy subjective elements. The aim is to investigate whether the careful synthesis of a few long-term technical indicators, which have a different predictive philosophy, with an appropriately designed stock trading Mamdani fuzzy system, can produce satisfactory returns. More specifically, its purpose is to investigate whether the combination of moving averages, directional movement technical indicators and a fuzzified trading strategy can surpass the performance of buy and hold strategy (B&H). The proposed model has been tested in various (bull and bear) market environments for a period of more than 15 years, using the general index of ASE (Athens Stock Exchange). After taking into consideration transaction costs, it is found that the proposed model can produce better results (higher earnings) than the B&H strategy.


At the CesrTA run in April 2012, the zero-current bunch width for a single electron bunch was measured to be approximately 247μm which corresponds to a horizontal emittance of 7 nm while analytic calculations predicted 2.6 nm. In order to better understand this discrepancy Monte Carlo Simulations were used to simulate a bunch traveling through the lattice. A simplified lattice was developed and used for majority of tests.The contributions to the emittance from the wigglers in Monte Carlo were studied and other tests such as placing the radio frequency (RF) cavities in dispersive regions were considered as well. It was found that adding periodic noise to the magnet strength of a simple lattice does not significantly affect the outcome of the equilibrium emittance in Monte Carlo Simulations.


Abstract THE anatomical deformity of the leg bones of young chickens, known commonly as "slipped tendons" or "enlarged hocks" and more recently as perosis (Titus, 1932), has been generally recognized as a disorder distinct from rickets. The symptoms of perosis have been described fully elsewhere (Hunter and Funk, 1930; Payne, 1930, and so forth). The literature on this subject has indicated that it is a nutritional problem, that excessive calcium and phosphorus induce it and that certain feed-stuffs, such as rice bran, wheat germ, wheat middlings, and oats, possess a preventive factor. This information has been of practical value in reducing the incidence of perosis. On the other hand, the deformity still appears in the field and in the laboratory. This is perhaps due in part to a difference in the susceptibility of different breeds and strains of chicks (Payne, Hughes, and Lienhardt, 1932; Serfontein and Payne, 1934) and to different . . .


Saturday I WISH I HAD OPERATED ON SATURDAY, NOT THE NEXT Tuesday. He was only 3 months old, with an aortic aneurysm and failing kidneys. He didn't look sick: fat rosy cheeks, bright sparkling eyes, a tuft of brown hair, and two chubby hands that would hold your fingers tightly, wanting you to play with him. But his breathing was shallow and labored, his lungs were overloaded with fluid, and his smiles were often cut short, by things he certainly didn't understand. Surgeons often have to judge the benefits of waiting, to prepare a patient for an operation: "Lose weight, Stop smoking, Let's get your blood pressure under better control" are common preoperative utterances, but not so in his case. He simply was retaining a little too much water, not much, perhaps a few hundred milliliters . . . a teacup full . . . but then again he weighed only 11 pounds. We had carried many young children through operations for rare diseases of the abdominal aorta and its branches, never having lost a child. That is why he came to us. Most often we made the right choices. We thought we knew what was best. So we tried to polish things up and the operation was delayed. Three days of temporary dialysis . . . or so we thought. It got the fluid off, but at an unexpected price. His kidneys with their blocked arteries shut down, his lungs retained more fluid, and his liver stopped making clotting factors to prevent bleeding. But his need for surgery did not stop. On Tuesday the operation was a technical success. The aneurysm was resected, the aorta was replaced, and the renal arteries to one kidney were reconstructed. The other nonfunctioning kidney was removed . . . but the magnitude of it all was too much. His dialysis continued and a few days later he was placed on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for his failing lungs, and the bleeding required more operations. The pediatricians and nurses were constantly at his crib side. They tried so hard, caring for him and his parents . . . and, without realizing it, caring for me, the surgeon, who had been so optimistic at the start. Every tiny failing of this little child hurt. We had such high expectations. He held on for nearly 4 weeks, with his two young parents, barely beyond their teenaged years, hoping for a change at the bedside vigil of their only son, watching his precarious life at arm's length, until the last day, when, for the first time since surgery, they held him in their arms, until the life-support machines were turned off . . . and the only thing left in the room was silence. They took him home, some 700 miles away, to where his older sister was staying with family . . . and to his final resting place. It might have been different; I wish I had operated on Saturday.


The utility model discloses an inflator with an auxiliary lighting function. The inflator comprises a base and an inflator body, wherein the base is fixedly connected with the inflator body. The outer side of the base is connected with an air pipe. The inflator is internally provided with a piston rod capable of sliding up and down. The top of the piston rod is provided with a handle, and the handle is provided with a lamp box. The lamp box comprises an LED lamp, a lamp box body, a switch and a battery. The LED lamp, the switch and the battery are sequentially connected and are arranged in the lamp box body. The lamp box body is provided with a battery cover. The lamp box is detachable. According to the inflator with the auxiliary lighting function, the lamp box is arranged in the handle of the inflator to provide lighting, the inflating work can be finished quickly under the environment that no external lighting exists or the lighting is insufficient, and the lamp box is simple in structure, easy to assemble and disassemble and flexible and convenient and fast to operate and use.


To evaluate possible potentiation of neuromuscular blocking effect of a combination of vecuronium and d-tubocurarine, cumulative dose-response curves were constructed to compare the potency of this combination with vecuronium arid d-tubocurarine given alone. Teri patients each were given incremental injections of 80 μg/kg d-tubocurarine or 5 μg/kg vecuronium plus 40 μg/kg d-tubocurarine, the data for incremental administration of 10 μg/kg vecuronium being used from our previously published study (7). The results showed the combination of vecuronium plus d-tubocurarine to be significantly more potent (P < 0.05) than would be expected from a simple additive effect of the individual drugs given alone. The ED95 doses of d-tubocurarine and vecuronium were 530 μg/kg and 57 μg/kg, respectively, when administered alone, but when administered together, the ED95 doses were 160 and 20 μg/kg, respectively.


In 2013, the beam energy of the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC) linac is going to be increased from 181 to 400 MeV. This energy upgrade is carried out by adding the Annular-ring Coupled Structure (ACS) linac to the beam transport at the downstream of the 191-MeV drift tube linac. To install and condition all the ACS cavities in only five months, we decided to replace and upgrade most of the related components of the beam line (cables, power supplies for magnets and vacuum control systems) for the 400-MeV operation, in the annual maintenance period in summer and the period of the recovery from the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake. The original 181-MeV beam line is operated by using some part of the 400-MeV componets. In this paper, the recovery of the beam transport, the present status of the beam operation, and the future tasks of the beam energy upgrade will be presented.


In this paper, the growth thermograms of two strains of petroleum bacteria at different temperatures were determined by microcalorimetry. Disposed mathematically with the "Three Point Method" of microbe growth model at an inhibitory condition, the growth rate constants of them were obtained. The non linear equations of k t can be fitted by computer. The optimum growth temperatures which are 322.07K and 322.85K for bacteria I and bacteria II respectively, can be derived from the equations. According to the Arrhenius formula and the transition state theory, some thermokinetic functions concerned can be calculated. According to the results obtained, the growth and metabolism processes of the two strains of petroleum bacteria were analysed from the thermodynamics point of view.


Universidad Modular Abierta presents this research with the objective to establish how economic, social and cultural aspects have impact on the food on the rural area families. In this way, the family foods, the income and the food cots and also the educational level relationship and the food habits were identified; the food access and availability were analyzed and actions that are made by families were determined in order to fill the necessities. Taking into account how the people in charge of their homes resolve the difficulties to cover such basic and physiological necessities, to guarantee the survival of the family in the areas which are generally numerous. A methodological process that got the characteristics of a documental research, and field with qualitative approach was conducted; analyzing the opinions about the different explored aspects with the key people of the sample field.The Salvadorian families, especially on the rural area, produce the 80% of the food that the country consumes. Hence, the Salvadoran population suffers hunger and has limitations in access. The poverty that currently burden people´s homes from the rural area in El Salvador causes as consequence hunger, food and nutritional insecurity inasmuch as the incomes cannot afford the basic basket cost neither afford the human being basic necessities (health, education and food).Produccion Agropecuaria y Desarrollo Sostenible, Vol. 6, 2017: 97-107


Objectives Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a very progressive disease that concerns everyone regarding its infection and spread. This study predicted infection among people who came in contact with COVID-19-infected patients. The authors observed many categories of patients to get the best results. The aim of this work was to study the contact status of patients with COVID-19 in Sharkia Governorate, Egypt, and to assess the criteria of contacts being infected. Patients and methods This is a retrospective cohort study that used the data of Zagazig University Hospitals in Sharkia Governorate, reviewing people who came in contact with COVID-19 cases for appearance of symptoms, so that the authors can predict (later on) the probability of contacts getting infected. Results Of the 101 contacts, 49 were positive according to symptoms, 27 were positive according to computed topography (CT), and 38 were positive according to laboratory investigations, so contacts who were getting infected were according to the definition of suspect and probable cases. Overall, the suspect and probable contacts were 61, and about 27 (of 68 contacts who did CT from our sample) were moderate and severe cases. Conclusion Contact cases with comorbidity and old age were more liable to get infected and to be more serious cases than young age with no comorbidity. Of all contacts (101), 42 had comorbidities and about 31 of them had the disease.


The major purpose of this study was to assess the effect of type of school on the level of students' academic achievement in Marakwet East Sub County.
Academic achievements in secondary schools have remained low with major disaprities between the boys and girls schools in Marakwet East Sub-County.
The study utilized the Causal comparative approach. The study was undertaken in Public Secondary Schools in Marakwet East, Elgeyo County Kenya between January 2021 to February 2021.
Purposive, stratified and simple random sampling was used to sample 3 boys' school, 3 girls school and 4 mixed schools. Findings showed the one-way between groups analysis of variance was F (2, 7) = 10.936, p.05. As a result, the null hypothesis which was stated as that there is no link between school type and academic achievement was rejected.In conclusion,the present study rejected the null hypothesis and concludes that the relationship is statistically significant. The sample data support the notion that the relationship between the independent variable and dependent variable exists in the population of secondary schools in Marakwet East. Thus the hypothesis (Ho1) was rejected. There was a link between academic achievement and the type of school. Boys' and girls' schools, in particular, performed better than mixed schools.


In the present work, flexible, durable, transparent, conductive films (TCFs) were fabricated with the use of aqueous dispersed single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). A small amount of the synthesized sulfonated poly(ether sulfone) (SPES) was used to effectively disperse SWCNTs with high aspect ratios. The lengths and heights of the dispersed SWCNTs were 2.5 ± 1.0 μm and 2 ± 1 nm, as determined by TEM and AFM, respectively. TCFs were fabricated using spray coating on a PET substrate; the best performance among the TCFs was achieved with a sheet resistance (Rs) of 125 Ω sq−1 and optical transmittance of 87.1%. Moreover, no appreciable change in the Rs was observed after repeated bending cycles and adhesive peel-off tests, which indicate that SPES acts as a good dispersant and effective binder for the improvement in durability and adhesion behavior of the resulting TCFs in the absence of additional binders. Therefore, this material holds great potential for scalable and facile production of flexible SWCNT-TCFs for various electronic applications.


cultures in East Asia and Europe in the seventeenth century. It is one that commands wide assent among the scholars who have worked on the map. Brook unfolds his thesis in a lively manner by telling stories about individuals directly or indirectly connected with the map. His close readings of the rutter Shunfeng Xiangsong (順風相送, n.d.), owned by William Laud in the 1630's, and Zhang Xie's treatise of the maritime world of East Asia Dongxi Yangkao (東西洋考, 1617) also make welcome additions to the scholarly literature, which frequently cites but rarely analyzes such texts in any depth. For the English side of the story, Brook delineates the debate among Selden, Grotius and the cast of characters surrounding them. He admits to knowing almost nothing about Selden until 2009, but he has learned quickly. Other personages in the book include the East India Company captain John Saris, the compiler of travels Samuel Purchas andBodley's librarian ThomasHyde. A surprising omission is Richard Hakluyt, who according to Brook's theory probably had possession of the Selden map and geomantic compass between 1609 and 1616. Brook seems unaware, when discussing Grotius's Free Seas and its impact on Selden, that Hakluyt also translated Grotius into English. Moreover, Hakluyt knew in the 1590s that the Chinese had invented the compass, making it highly likely rather than impossible that John Saris also knew this in 1608 when, according to Brook, the map was captured from a Chinese merchant. Given the complex nature of the Selden map itself, differences of interpretation about its features are to be expected. In general, however, Brook's book confirms the consensus that has emerged about the basic geography depicted on the map. This is no small feat since place-names in classical Chinese, especially outside of China, have a tendency to change over time. For the layman, Brook carefully explains how such name identifications can be made. At the core of Brook's interpretation of the cartographic techniques used in making the map is the compass rose at the top centre. This compass appears almost emblematically next to a strangely empty cartouche flanked by the sun and moon, and, as Stephen Davies has noted, it tilts along with the map's scale bar, possibly indicating magnetic declination. Unlike others who have written on the Selden map, Brook sees this as evidence that European cartography and trade in the region had profoundly influenced the Selden map. In a full chapter of detailed analysis, he rightly points to the compass and rule at the top of the map as a departure from traditional Chinese cartography. But he only briefly comments on the verso—where in 2011 restoration uncovered a draft of the trunk route from Nagasaki to Patani as well as hash marks for the scale bar and cartouche. The compass rose does not appear on the back, even though European portolan charts almost always drew it first. Contradictions about how the map was drafted thus remain, and the significance of the compass in relation to the routes remains an unresolved puzzle. Brook wisely emphasizes that his book concerns the people rather than the map itself. Yet, at the conclusion, he cannot resist finding the key to the map. He claims to use a 'process of elimination' to show that the map was made in Java around 1607, but offers no other possibilities. He is convinced, without proof, that Saris brought the map back to England. This aspect of the book seems hastily conceived, but Brook is in agreement with the conclusions previously published in Imago Mundi that the map could not have been made earlier than 1607. The overly strong conclusion to Mr. Selden's Map should not take away from what is a highly entertaining book and largely helpful contribution to future discussions about this very important map.


Thank you very much for downloading developments in short term care breaks and opportunities. As you may know, people have search numerous times for their chosen novels like this developments in short term care breaks and opportunities, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they cope with some harmful virus inside their desktop computer.


Corcoran and Bell (1990) found differences between men and women's expectancies for the likelihood of sexual intercourse on a first date depending on how much the other had to drink. The present study examined the subjects' perceptions of likelihood of male and female initiation of sexual intercourse in a story in which the drinking of male or female characters was varied. Subjects read a story of a first date in which one character. either the male or female, consumed a couple of cocktails. The other character either "also had a couple of cocktails.""drank soft drinks," or "became slightly intoxicated." A manipulation check showed that the subjects were responding to story variables in their ratings of characters intoxication. Men were perceived to be more likely than women to initiate intercourse across all drinking conditions, although results indicate that all subjects believed that sexual activity was more likely to be initiated when story characters consumed alcohol rather than soft drinks. These results further demonstrated that this expectancy for initiation of sex appears to be triggered by the presence of alcohol and did not significantly increase for a higher dose of alcohol. More research is necessary to clarify the role of alcohol in sexuality among adolescents and young adults.


The ternary mixture under study is a recent hepatitis‐C antiviral medicine composed of three new directly acting antiviral drugs, namely, ombitasvir, paritaprevir, and ritonavir. They are co‐formulated as a single‐dose combined tablet dosage form. With more than 170 million infected patients worldwide, a large production scales of antivirals medicine is expected, and hence, new simple and fast methodologies are required to cover millions of analyses that are done routinely in the different pharmaceutical quality control and research laboratories. Ultraviolet spectrophotometry represents sensitive, fast, and cheap tool of analysis in all research and quality control laboratories that can cover the massive quality control of these regimens. However, the simultaneous determination of these three drugs using multivariate chemometric methods represents a high challenge as their spectra are strongly overlapping besides the large difference in their potency within the same tablet. In this research paper, four new different multivariate chemometric methods were developed for their simultaneous determination, namely, classical least square (CLS), principal component regression (PCR), partial least squares (PLS), and genetic algorithm‐partial least squares (GA‐PLS) techniques. The validated methods do not require extraction, separation, or derivatization steps. A comparative study was conducted among the four developed methods. All methods provided satisfactory results, whereas GA‐PLS showed better analytical performance as it had the lowest error with good higher correlation coefficient. The methods were applied in the simultaneous determination of the three drugs in pure form and in their combined tablet dosage form. The comparison confirmed agreement of the values obtained for all techniques.


This paper designs a digital closed-loop system on FPGA, aiming at silicon resonant pressure micro-sensor, which is inspirited by electricity, and picked up by resistances. This closed-loop system uses a method integrated by correlation detection and frequency scan to detect the resonance frequency of sensors, and then achieves pressure detection. Experiments have validated that this system can detect the resonance frequency of sensors effectively, overcoming the feebleness output signal and low SNR(signal noise ratio).


The seismic evaluation of a four story RC building is summarized. The building is representative of low rise RC buildings in the Memphis area. Nonlinear time-history analysis, as well as simplified elastic and inelastic response evaluation methods, are used to determine the response for five earthquake motion intensities. The expected damage is then quantified using the fatigue based damage model.


We provide clear-cut evidence for economically and statistically significant multivariate jumps (multi-jumps) occurring simultaneously in stock prices by using a novel nonparametric test based on smoothed estimators of integrated variances. Detecting multi-jumps in a panel of liquid stocks is more statistically powerful and economically informative than the detection of univariate jumps in the market index. On the contrary of index jumps, multi-jumps can indeed be associated with sudden and large increases of the variance risk-premium, and possess a statistically significant forecasting power for future volatility and correlations which implies a sizable deterioration in the diversification potential of asset allocation.


(15 of 75 donors) of paid, source plasma donations in the United States tested positive for marijuana. At present, the Universal Donor Health Questionnaire (UDHQ) does not query volunteer donors about the use of marijuana and there is no federal requirement for testing of blood donors for any illicit drugs, including marijuana. Although only two states currently have legalized recreational marijuana, blood products are routinely shipped across state lines and blood donors may choose to donate while visiting another state. As a result, the blood supply in all 50 states is theoretically impacted by the legalization of recreational marijuana in Colorado and Washington. In humans, the psychoactive component of marijuana, Δ-THC, is mainly bound to low-density lipoproteins and albumin. Ten percent or less of blood cannabinoids are bound to red blood cells. Δ-THC has been shown to be present in the plasma of chronic marijuana users even after several days of continuous, monitored abstinence. However, given the large volume of distribution of Δ-THC, we believe that it would be unlikely for a transfusion-associated marijuana exposure to be detected in the urine of a transfusion recipient. Nonetheless, physicians should be aware that blood transfusion, particularly transfusion with plasma or platelets, is a potential cause of Δ-THC exposure. At present, the significance of transfusion-associated Δ-THC exposure is not known. However the effects of this drug on special populations, such as premature neonates, have not been established. There are many substances that donors may be exposed to but are not tested for or queried about on the UDHQ. Some relevant substances include methotrexate, cyclophosphamide, and heavy metals. We believe that the legalization of recreational marijuana, in the context of its recent history as an illegal drug, is fairly unique among substances. This event could be interpreted to indicate that marijuana use has been determined to be "safe." In addition, the potential medicinal uses of marijuana are well publicized. Overall, we are concerned that these events may create a perception of social and medical approval of marijuana use among blood donors, which may lead to blood donor confidence that it is safe to donate blood, even after recent marijuana use. We feel that it is not yet known whether or not exposure to a small quantity of marijuana metabolites in the context of a blood transfusion is safe. Until further evidence is available, particularly regarding the effect of marijuana metabolites on premature infants, we feel that steps should be taken to limit the number of active marijuana drug users in the volunteer blood donor pool. Due to the fact that urine is the usual matrix for marijuana drug testing, and urine is not collected from blood donors, we favor screening for active marijuana use by means of the UDHQ rather than by laboratory testing. Based on available data, we feel that including the question "Have you used marijuana in the past 2 weeks?" on the UDHQ and instituting a 2-week deferral for donors who answer "yes" would likely eliminate marijuana metabolites from the blood supply. Given that the UDHQ already asks questions about sexual history and intravenous drug use, we find it unlikely that donors would be reluctant to answer a single question about recent marijuana use.


The assembly 10 has an upper fixing 19 (119) of a three point safety belt assembly for a centre seated passenger, mounted on a seat backrest in such a manner that it is accessible from the rear side of the backrest 12 (112). The seat belt can therefore be easily fitted to the backrest 12 (112) even after the backrest has been trimmed. The fixing 19 is in the form of an automatic inertia reel assembly. The backrest can be pivoted between the upright position shown and a horizontal position. Means for latching the backrest in its upright position are disclosed (Figs. 3, 4, 7 and 8).


The success of the first three years of operations of the LHC at center-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV radically changed the landscape of searches for new physics beyond the standard model and our very way of thinking about its possible origin and its hiding place. Among the paradigms of new physics that have been probed quite extensively at the LHC, are various models that predict the existence of extra spatial dimensions. In this review, the current status of searches for extra dimensions with the CMS detector is presented, along with prospects for future searches at the full energy of the LHC, expected to be reached in the next few years.


In a recent paper [A. Santos, G. M. Kremer, and V. Garz\'o, \emph{Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl.} \textbf{184}, 31-48 (2010)] the collisional energy production rates associated with the translational and rotational granular temperatures in a granular fluid mixture of inelastic rough hard spheres have been derived. In the present paper the energy production rates are explicitly decomposed into equipartition rates (tending to make all the temperatures equal) plus genuine cooling rates (reflecting the collisional dissipation of energy). Next the homogeneous free cooling state of a binary mixture is analyzed, with special emphasis on the quasi-smooth limit. A previously reported singular behavior (according to which a vanishingly small amount of roughness has a finite effect, with respect to the perfectly smooth case, on the asymptotic long-time translational/translational temperature ratio) is further elaborated. Moreover, the study of the time evolution of the temperature ratios shows that this dramatic influence of roughness already appears in the transient regime for times comparable to the relaxation time of perfectly smooth spheres.


Conventional digital watermark systems assume that the distributor (server) is a completely reliable organization. If the server is not a reliable organization, in a conventional system it is possible that suspicion may fall on a user who is not illegally distributing. Several methods have been proposed to handle this problem. In these methods, however, the system is essentially composed of two kinds of entities: the agent and the users. There is no discussion of a system composed of three entities—authors, agent, and users—where secondary distribution takes place from the author to an agent and then to the users. This paper proposes a digital watermark system that can prevent illegal conduct in a secondary distribution system composed of three types of entities—authors, agent, and users. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 86(6): 76–85, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.1151


The most populous country in the world, China is enjoying unprecedented economic growth. However this growth is accompanied with population ageing and serious environmental degradation which has attracted global attention. The impact of China's environmental problems on the rest of world in the future will be as important as that of the country's rapid economic growth. Without a balanced development strategy, China will face serious economic consequences due to increasing environmental deterioration and an ageing population triggered by the government's one-child policy. The young and working-age people of this country will have the double burden of restoring and maintaining the deteriorating ecosystems and looking after an increasing number of elderly. This paper analyses China's demographic profile and examines some of the country's environmental issues in their relationship with economic development. It also addresses China's environmental protection policies and their implications for economic, social and ecological sustainability. It also discusses the government's role in shaping population policies, environmental protection, education and knowledge diffusion. The findings have implications for the development of better policies for China to deal with its ageing crisis and prevent environmental damage while economic growth is sustained, including a national sustainability strategy.


Collema curtisporum Degel. is an epiphytic lichen with disjunct populations in the Pacific Northwest and Scandinavia. Prior to this study, C. curtisporum was considered rare in northern Idaho. Riparian forests of the Idaho Panhandle were searched for Collema curtisporum during the summer of 1999. Collema curtisporum occurred on twenty-one of the eighty-one 0.4 ha plots surveyed in the study area. Additional information on locations of C. curtisporum was gathered through herbarium and literature searches. The core distribution of C. curtisporum in North America is riparian forests in northern Idaho. Collema curtisporum is found most frequently on large Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (black cottonwood) in frequently inundated floodplains. The primary threat to C. curtisporum is loss of habitat through loss of natural flood cycles, which facilitate the regeneration of riparian cottonwood forests.


4004 Background: Treatment options for advanced carcinoid tumors (NETs) are limited. Somatostatin analogues (SSA) prolong progression-free survival (PFS) among patients (pts) who are treatment naiv...


Nongeographic and geographic morphometric variation in Antillean populations of bats of the Nata/us micropus-complex were analyzed using univariate and multivariate statistical techniques. Samples of males and females from Jamaica and the Dominican Republic revealed females to be significantly larger than males in three measurements and males were significantly larger than females in two measurements. Generally, low coefficients of variation were found in samples of both sexes. The highest value obtained was 5.7 for length of phalanx 1 (digit III) in the sample from Old Providence Island. Two species-Nata/us micropus and N. tumidifrons-were recognized within this complex. The chief difference between the species was the larger overall size of N. tumidifrons. N. tumidifrons is confined to the Bahamas and is considered to be rnonotypic. Two subspecies are recognized in N. micropus with the nominate subspecies occurring on Old Providence Island, Jamaica, and Hispaniola, and N. m. macer on Cuba and the Isle of Pines.


This paper presents the results of a qualitative study of players' awareness of the mediation of gameplay by a hardware input device (gamepad). As a point of departure we adopt a definition of gameplay which places interfaces at the centre of the experience, but does not compromise the perception of other mediators and their interference in the process. We argue that indirect-mapping interfaces have their own advantages and can be the source of greater enjoyment in gameplay. Presentation of results is organized in 7 categories: software interface, movement in the gameworld, interaction with the gameworld, camera movement, materiality of the gamepad, corporeality of players and spatial awareness and perception. Results indicate that players remain aware of the hardware interfaces and of their own corporeality throughout gameplay. Rather than dematerialization and immersion, players experienced embodied presence and expansion of the gameworld towards the physical space.


This study attempted to establish the reduction in accidents, injuries and fatalities which could be expected in Australia from appropriate treatment of the road reserve in relation to those objects which might constitute a hazard. Where feasible, cost-effectiveness calculations for these treatments were to be made. General accident statistics are assembled for Australia and compared with other countries with acknowledgement of condition effects upon accident causation, especially consideration of particular roadside objects. For Australia most traffic is rural with reporting of casusalty over property damage accidents. Collision with roadside objects accounts for a high percentage of fatalities. Roadside objects requiring individual study included street lighting and utility poles, signal and sign supports, guide posts, edge stripping, guardrails, and median barriers. To increase safety when vehicles leave the pavement, a clear recovery area should be provided along the roadway 30 feet or more from the edge of the travelled way in rural areas. Greater use of overhead crossing structures for support of overhead signs is recommended. The majority of new safety considerations apply primarily to controlled-access highways. When improvement projects are carried out they should be designed so that statistical control can be maintained over before-and-after accident records.


This paper is an attempt to define pornography in terms of decontextualization, which lies at the core of modernity. While sexuality in the premodern society was embedded in the social and cosmic whole, the modern sexuality was disembedded and isolated from such a context. Max Weber and Anthony Gidd...


Abstract The effects of Mg on the evolution of non-metallic inclusions in Mn–Si–Ti deoxidised steels during solidification were investigated in a study based on experiments and thermodynamic calculations. The inclusions were composed of the MgO–MnO–Ti2O3–TiO2 oxide, MnS, and TiN. With the increase of Mg concentration in steels, the phases of oxide inclusions were changed, in the order of pseudobrookite (Ti3O5–MnTi2O5), ilmenite (MgTiO3–MnTiO3–Ti2O3), spinel (Mg2TiO4–MgTi2O4–Mn2TiO4–MnTi2O4) and MgO. Thermodynamic calculations for inclusion evolutions were in good agreement with the experimental results.


Everyone who has held a job and a bank account understands the potential benefit of postponing consumption today in order to enjoy greater consumption in the future. If a person decides to save, a lot of investment tools could be chosen, some of course are more risky than others, but also generates bigger return. Those, who want to be certain about getting all invested money back, have to choose between low or middle risk ways of investment. Sampling, contrastive, descriptive-analytical methods was used for the aim of this publication which is to look through the literate about small and middle risk investment possibilities. Research showed that a deeper analysis needs to be done in this interest of field, because most of authors discussing all investment, not specifying in a conservative way of investment. The comparison of low and middle risk investment tools and risk defining models was done, in order to have a wider look in this topic.


This study examined the expression of receptors of the bombesin (BBS) family in human gastric‐cancer cell lines. Of 5 cell lines screened, only one, St42, demonstrated specific binding sites for 125I‐Tyr4‐BBS, which have been further characterized. This binding was saturable, and temperature‐ and time‐dependent. Scatchard analysis of displacement data performed at 37°C revealed 2 binding sites: a high‐affinity, low‐capacity site (KD = 0.13 nM, Bmax = 1500 sites/cell) and a lower‐affinity, higher‐capacity site (KD = 11 nM, Bmax = 35,000 sites/cell); the latter was lost when internalization of peptide was prevented, suggesting that it may be an artefact. Displacement assays with gastrin‐releasing peptide (GRP) and neuromedin B (NMB) revealed that the receptor was of the GRP‐preferring sub‐type (GRP IC50 = 0.35 nM; NMB IC50 = 112 nM). Co‐valent cross‐linking of 125I‐Tyr4‐BBS to the receptor demonstrated the presence of a single band corresponding to a molecular weight of 37 to 44 kDa on SDS‐PAGE, similar to that of the cloned GRP receptor protein core. G‐protein linkage of this receptor was demonstrated by selective inhibition of 125I‐Tyr4‐BBS binding by guanosine nucleotides. The binding of BBS to the receptor resulted in a rise in intracellular calcium. Three of four structurally distinct BBS antagonists bound to the receptor with high affinity, but [DPhe12, Leu14]‐bombesin did not cause any displacement of 125I‐Tyr4‐BBS even at 10 mM. The functional significance of GRP receptors on human gastric‐cancer cells is as yet unknown, but further studies may determine whether such receptors have importance in the therapy of gastric cancer.


The idea o f two types o f Dirac fields (in particular, electron and muon fields) conjugate in the sense o f the generalized Konop insk i -Mahmoud hypothesis (e-, #+ particles, e +, # antiparticles, ~ , la + particles, etc.) can more conveniently be presented and interpreted with the aid o f the second order equation for four-component spinors. This is equivalent to the two Dirac equations (ip+m)wi = 0 and (ip--m)lpii = 0 whose field quanta are automatically connected by the Konopinsk i -Mahmoud hypothesis. The quanta o f the "conjt tgate" fields tpi and tpH possess equal bare masses. The theory is invariant wi th respect to the ~p --~ 7,sip transformation. The interactions which violate tp --~ 7,s~0 invariance can remove the mass degeneracy, e.g., the case o f the weak interaction through symmetrical neutral currents G (Vpeyp~0e~eypV' e ~Tp~ot,~yo~0~). 1. Electron and Muon Many years ago a second order equation was proposed for the spinor field (of electrons), with a I_~grangian in the form 1) = 1⁄2m E (1) .p oxp OX~ Both energy and charge in this theory are non-positive definite. Such a theory can describe the electron as a particle of positive energy and negative charge eand the positon as a hole in occupied electron states of negative energies. The theory also allows for another particle of positive charge and positive energy and for its antiparticle. The latter is a hole in the distribution of levels occupied by particles of positive charges and negative energies. An electron may annihilate with a positon (hole), but not with another, positively charged, particle. According to this equation, there should exist a "second" electron. Its properties must be, in a sense, opposite to those of the electron: the particle is a field quantum, charged positively, while the antiparticle is charged negatively. Since there seem to be no "second" electron in nature a question arises whether the #+ meson could be interpreted as the second particle in this theory. Interest in the old Konopinski-Mahmoud hypothesis concerning the muon and electron 2) has recently revived in connection with experimental evidence in favour of the existence of muon and electron neutrinos. 130 MUON AND ELECTRON 131 According to this hypothesis the eelectron and #+ meson are treated as particles and the e + positon and # meson as antiparticles. This is the situation described by the above equation. It appears of interest to investigate which kinds of the known (or experimentally allowable) interactions can remove the mass degeneracy of the free equation describing these particles, i.e., lead to m s # me; to what extent the muon and electron neutrinos can naturally be included in this scheme; and in general how universal is such a classification of bare Fermi particles: can this scheme incorporate baryons, for example. The second order equation for the four-component spinor is equivalent to the first-order equation for the eight-component function. This equation can be written in the form of two separated equations where (ip+m)~k I = 0, (2) (ip-m)~kll = 0, (3) a p = iTZaxu , or, introducing the eight row matrices F ~ = 0 ?~ # 1,2,3,4, F 0 (4) eqs. (2) and (3) can be written as "one" equation ( iP + Fm) = O, = I , e = ( 5 ) i


Previously, we developed a monoclonal antibody (mAb) NJ001 that binds to the antigen SP70 in human non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells and showed it could inhibit lung adenocarcinoma (AD) growth. Here, we investigated the effect and mechanisms of NJ001 in lung AD metastasis.


Studies have proven that excessive pumping depletes the groundwater, and it is now increasingly recognized as one of the significant problems globally.
The researchers used purposive sampling and involved 238 households of the four provinces in the Cagayan Valley Region, Philippines, and focused on
the information about the households' sources of domestic water supply, status, and experiences to water scarcity. The Local Water Utility
Administration (LWUA) provides water to 49% of the respondents, while 45% sourced water from the pump well, and 4% obtained water from surface
water like rivers, lakes streams, etc., and rainwater. Regardless of sources of water, 45% of the households experienced water scarcity, and the majority
came from the province of Quirino. The result of the study reveals that water scarcity is now being experienced in the region. The researchers
recommend for government organizations and institutions to focus on education and the creation of awareness about water conservation and the
adoption of rainwater harvesting to have an independent and sustainable supply of water, especially during the dry season.


A procedure for preparation of nitenpyram was introduced.Firstly,using 2-chloro-5-chloromethyl pyridine and 1,1-dichloroethylene as the starting material,N-(6-chloro-3-pyridylmethyl)-N-ethylamine and 1,1-dichloro-2-nitro-ethylene were prepared.Then,N-(6-chloro-3-pyridylmethyl)-N-ethylamine and 1,1-dichloro-2-nitro-ethylene were used as reactants,and nitenpyram was prepared by condensation.The total yield reached 72%(calculated by 2-chloro-5-chloromethyl pyridine).The product purity was 97%.


We demonstrate lossless arbitrary control of the free spectral range of optical frequency-combs by integer and fractional factors, through combination of temporal and spectral self-imaging in a simple platform based on a frequency-shifted feedback laser.


a) Absorption transition moment directions of the diphenylphosphinyl (2 a) and methylsulphonyl (3 a) Absorption transition moment directions of the diphenylphosphinyl (2 and methylsulphonyl (3 a) co-substtuted in 4-dimethylamino-trans-styrenes were determined in stretched poylvinyl alcohol (PVA) films based on measurements of the absorption anisotropics. It has been found that the long-wave absorption spectrum consists of two bands corresponding to differently directed transition moments. The transition moment of the intensive long-wave *La band is lies along the long axis of these molecules whereas that of the short-wave band is oriented at (p = 38° for 2 a and q> = 35° for 3 a relative to the transition moment direction of the 1La band-substtuted in 4-dimethylamino-trans-styrenes were determined in stretched poylvinyl alcohol (PVA) films based on measurements of the absorption anisotropics. It has been found that the long-wave absorption spectrum consists of two bands corresponding to differently directed transition moments. The transition moment of the intensive long-wave *La band is lies along the long axis of these molecules whereas that of the short-wave band is oriented at (p = 38° for 2 a and q> = 35° for 3 a relative to the transition moment direction of the 1La band a) Absorption transition moment directions of the diphenylphosphinyl (2 and methylsulphonyl (3 a) co-substtuted in 4-dimethylamino-trans-styrenes were determined in stretched poylvinyl alcohol (PVA) films based on measurements of the absorption anisotropics. It has been found that the long-wave absorption spectrum consists of two bands corresponding to differently directed transition moments. The transition moment of the intensive long-wave *La band is lies along the long axis of these molecules whereas that of the short-wave band is oriented at (p = 38° for 2 a and q> = 35° for 3 a relative to the transition moment direction of the 1La band Abstract Absorption transition moment directions of the diphenylphosphinyl (2 a) and methylsulphonyl (3 a) ω-substtuted in 4-dimethylamino-trans-styrenes were determined in stretched poylvinyl alcohol (PVA) films based on measurements of the absorption anisotropics. It has been found that the long-wave absorption spectrum consists of two bands corresponding to differently directed transition moments. The transition moment of the intensive long-wave 1La band is lies along the long axis of these molecules whereas that of the short-wave 1Lb band is oriented at φ= 38° for 2 a and φ= 35° for 3 a relative to the transition moment direction of the 1La band


The archives of medical equipment are formed from the equipment data,image carrier,approval documents and calibration and maintenance records,which come from the whole process of medical equipment purchase,approval to use,repair and abandoned.With the continuous development of public health and science and technology,and enhance the ability of monitoring and detection,medical equipment became more and more important in the center for disease control and prevention work.So the equipment archives are an important part of the equipment management.To explore the new method of construction and management of equipment archives on the basis of what medical equipment that normal operation and file status in the center for disease control and prevention system of Qujing city.


If traditional method is dominating teaching and learning activities, the students will have dependent mentality, inactive learning, and less critical thinking ability. Therefore, it is important to apply methods which involves students actively in instruction. Problem solving method which is intervened by concept mapping is one of the meaningful learning activities in which students participate actively and think critically. This research is intended to find out the effect of problem solving and problem solving intervened by concept mapping on critical thinking The Experimental research design which was used NonRandomized Control-Group Pretest–Posttest with three treatments, namely: A, traditional method (control group); B, problem solving method; and C, problem solving intervened by concept mapping. The instruments which were used to collect data was critical thinking test. The data were analyzed by using covariance analysis technique (ANACOVA) and LSD test. In addition, SPSS 10 for Windows was used to analyze the data. The result of the research showed that there was significant difference on students' average score of critical thinking among three treatment classes, and the LSD test revealed that the highest score of critical thinking was C class, and followed by B and A class. From this research result, it can be concluded that problem solving basedinstruction


Background: Research efforts to improve the pulmonary function of children with cerebral palsy (CP) need to focus on their decreased diaphragmatic ability compared to normal children. Real-time ultrasonography is appropriate for demonstrating diaphragmatic mechanisms.
Objects: This study aimed to compare diaphragm movement, pulmonary function, and pulmonary strength between normal children and children with CP by using ultrasonography M-mode. The correlation between general characteristics, diaphragm movement, pulmonary function, and pulmonary strength was also studied.
Methods: The subjects of this study were 25 normal and 25 CP children between five and 14 years of age. Diaphragm movement was measured using real-time ultrasonography during quiet and deep breathing. Pulmonary function (such as forced expiratory volume in one second; FEV1 and peak expiratory flow; PEF) and pulmonary strength (such as maximum inspiratory pressure; MIP and maximum expiratory pressure; MEP) were measured. A paired t-test and Spearman's Rho test, with a significance level of .05, were used for statistical analysis.
Results: The between-group comparison revealed that normal children had significantly greater diaphragm movement, FEV1, PEF, MIP, and MEP (p<.05) than CP children. The results showed that general characteristics were significantly related to FEV1, PEF, MIP, and MEP (p<.05).
Conclusion: In clinical settings, clinicians need to concern decreased diaphragm movement, pulmonary function, and pulmonary strength in CP group compared to normal children.


The purpose of the study by Ramburuth and Welch is to examine one set of skills that consistently appears in typologies of international management competencies: cross-cultural competence. While there is widespread agreement that cross-cultural competence is a defining characteristic of the global manager, there is less consensus about how cross-cultural competence can be fostered. Moreover, there is a degree of scepticism about the extent to which the classroom experience can deliver a set of skills that is inherently tacit and experiential. The culturally diverse classroom would seem to be the ideal resource that educators can tap to develop their students' cross-cultural competence and bridge different cultures. However, evidence from the Higher Education literature suggests that students typically do not benefit from classroom diversity and that, in general, there is a lack of cross-cultural interactions between different cultural groups on campus. In this paper, the authors provide an integrated framework for developing students' cross-cultural competence, designed for our courses in Cross-cultural Management. This framework can incorporate established and frequently used strategies for developing cross-cultural competence in International Business and Management. In addition, we share and evaluate the impact of strategies that we have devised (such as diversity audits, self-awareness and 'other'-awareness tools, studentgenerated cases and global linkages) to develop and extend the cross-


Sophorolipids are bioactive molecules that have gained a lot of attention in the recent decades due to their unique functional properties of reducing surface and interfacial tension, emulsification and solubilization. They are mainly produced by the yeast Candida bombicola and are composed of a sugar moiety linked to a fatty acid chain. Sophorolipids are non-toxic, highly efficient and stable at extreme conditions and possess environmentally friendly characteristics over the chemical surfactants. This review is focused on the main characteristics of sophorolipids, fermentation processes, and their utilization in the agricultural field. In this context, sophorolipids are very suitable for use in agriculture, as enhancers of solubility and mobility of plant nutrients, which could result in increased plant biomass, root size and fruit yield. In addition, they could be used for biodegradation of oils, bioremediation of heavy metals in contaminated soils, and as potential biopesticides, to control phytopathogenic microorganisms in agriculture. The extensive use of chemical pesticides has led to widespread insecticide resistance and to hazards to human health and the environment due to their high toxicity. Thus, the introduction of a new biomolecule to control plant diseases and increase crop yield has become an interesting alternative. As a result of the demonstrated antimicrobial activity towards phytopathogenic bacteria and fungi, sophorolipids could be extensively explored in the agriculture field, as a sustainable and natural multifunctional agent for plant crops and soils.


The pure polyurea technology and current major repair materials and techniques were compared.Analyzed the key points of quality control in hydraulic infrastructures pure polyurea protective projects and explored the corresponding solutions.Two latest typical pure polyurea protective projects in hydraulic industry were selected,the innovation and superiority were elaborated in terms of particular construction and service environment.Conclusions can be drawn as follows:Pure polyurea material is non-toxic and non-pollution so that it can be applied to the protection of drinking water delivery equipments;The forming of pure polyurea is not affected by the temperature and humidity of construction environment.In addition,the mechanical and many other integrated properties are excellent,such as anti-corrosion,anti-abrasion,waterproof,anti-impact and etc.


ABOUT A QUARTER OF A CENTURY PAST THE BEGINNING OF THE 'third democratic wave' in politics, what are some of the most important implications to be drawn about the role of the democratic opposition in the processes of democratization, and in new democratic governance? One body of theory concerns 'pacted transitions', and another the oppositional role of 'civil society against the state'. Both bodies of theory, and the empirical evidence brought to bear in them, relate to important processes; but in my view they are in need of substantial revision before they can be incorporated into our new efforts to build a democratic theory of opposition. These revisionist tasks will constitute the main effort of this essay.' However, there are two other concerns which have not yet been extensively documented or theorized. These relate to how, after a democratic transition, the democratic opposition can help consolidate and deepen democracy by turning vital 'non-issues' into issues, and by creating new structures of participation, transparency and ultimately of accountability. I will conclude my essay with a brief effort at beginning to address these as yet under-theorized areas. In a number of the most studied transitions to democracy (Spain, Brazil, Uruguay, Poland and Hungary), a roughly similar pattern emerged in all countries. After the non-democratic regime experienced a combination of internal divisions and growing opposition, softliners from the non-democratic regime held important informal discussions with the moderate democratic opposition. Over time, a 'game' emerged in which the regime moderates and the opposition moderates both 'used' (and attempted to 'constrain') their own


Locating the face and tracking the eyes allows for valuable information to be captured and used in a wide range of applications. Eye location can be tracked using commercial eye-gaze trackers, but additional constraints and expensive hardware would make these existing solutions unattractive and impossible to use on standard (wavelength that is visible), images of eyes with low-resolution. Our aim of the project is to detect the Iris Center with registered database and propose a system that makes the computer screen scroll as per eye gaze. Accuracy of the IC (iris center) localization is measured using Gaze tracking systems.


In this paper, we examine the influence of approximate first and/or second derivatives on the filter-trust-region algorithm designed for solving unconstrained nonlinear optimization problems and proposed by Gould, Sainvitu and Toint in [12]. Numerical experiments carried out on small-scaled unconstrained problems from the CUTEr collection describe the effect of the use of approximate derivatives on the robustness and the efficiency of the filter-trust-region method.


The prevalence of epileptic seizures (clinical and subclinical) in 100 consecutive comatose children aged 2 months to 17 years in the pediatric ICU was determined using continuous video-EEG (v-EEE) monitoring, in a prospective study at The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.


Asymmetric blend membranes of chitosan superfine powder and biomedical polyurethane were prepared by immersion-precipitation phase inversion method.The effects of different solvents on the thermodynamics of casting solutions,structure and properties of blended membranes were investigated.The formation of membrane structures was researched in term of the thermodynamics and kinetic diffusion.The results show that the gelation values of three casting solutions from large to small are DO,DMAc and DMF.The pore diameter of upper surface,bottom surface and cross-section of blend membranes from large to small are DMAc,DMF and DO.The change of swelling degree and water vapor transmission rate of three blend membranes is in accordance with that of membrane pore.


When drilling and completing High Pressure High Temperature (HPHT) wells, the applied casing and tubing have to be able to withstand extreme conditions. Very often, the threaded connections are the most critical components in the entire chain. The overall design of several threaded and coupled (T&C) connections (eg. VAM TOP, JFEBear and the newest PatriotTC) is very similar. However, even by modifying one single feature of the geometry, an improved structural integrity (eg. fatigue resistance, leak tightness or collapse strength) can be obtained. This paper gives an overview of the most important geometrical features and discusses their alleged effects on the structural integrity of the coupling. At first, different thread designs were compared with each other and the effects on maximum allowable torque during make-up and tension during service conditions were evaluated. Secondly, literature shows that the use of an adequate torque shoulder is favourable, especially during the make-up stage. When designing connections for purposes involving gasses, a gastight seal is required. The third part of this paper discusses the influences on the sealability and performance limits when making changes to the sealing area. At last, the effect of overall changes (such as stress relief grooves) in the design and their consequences during running is shortly discussed. Based on this review, design guidelines for 'optimized' premium T&C couplings can be formulated.


At present, industrializing the scientific and technical achievement becoming the focused hot problem of all our society. But how to promote and industrialize the achievements of social science is also a meaningful task for the development of China's productivity. With the speedy developing of the reform and opening in last 20 years, the science and technology of China have been obviously improved, and the research of social science also has be raised to a high level. But the problem that the research achievements could not match the development of economy has not been resolved completely. We still have many deficiencies on how to use the social scientific achievements effectively, how to make people thinking in a modern and creative way, and how to build a competitive and stable developing society. Social scientific achievements' promoting transformation is a developing structure and a complex social system project. On one hand, it asks the science institute and the society to build a micro system, which combined with the achievements and economy, according to deepening the reform. One the other hand, it also asks the government to converse the function to build a macro system combined effectively with achievements and economy.


The background subtraction is a typical instance of binary classification problems, which predict the membership of an object to a class C. Such a classifier highlights the motion in a video sequence. At each frame, it decides whether the pixels belong to the foreground or to the background of the scene. To make it possible, the biggest challenge is to find a solid way to model the background. Once such a model has been constructed, at each time t and for each pixel x, the observed intensity It(x) is compared with the estimated background Bt(x), using a distance d (e.g. Euclidean, Mahalanobis, etc) and a decision threshold τ [1]:


We have studied the adrenergic mechanisms of immediate-early gene (IEG) induction in the discrete types of cardiac cells with the use of in situ hybridization histochemistry in an immobilization-stress model in conscious rats. Expression of c- fos, fos B, c- jun, jun B, NGFI-A, and NGFI-B mRNA was rapidly upregulated in the endothelial, myocardial, and smooth muscle cells of coronary vessels by 15-45 min after the onset of immobilization. Simultaneous blockade of both α- and β-adrenoceptors completely abolished expression of IEGs in these cardiac cells. Application of an α-agonist or β-agonist alone to the perfused rat heart under constant pressure elicited the upregulation of IEGs in a fashion similar to that of emotional stress. These data suggest that activation of either α- or β-adrenoceptor is sufficient to evoke expression of these genes and that there may be cross talk in signal transduction downstream from α- and β-adrenoceptors in cardiac cells.


In this paper, the definition of the conventional bus voltage ranking index V/Vo is extended and generalized using symmetrical component to include unbalanced three-phase operations. The performance and accuracy of the conventional and the new ranking indices are compared with the well-known voltage sensitivity approaches ∂V/∂P and ∂V/∂Q for balanced and unbalanced three-phase distribution networks. Simulations based on the above mentioned four approaches are performed using the DIgSILENT PowerFactory to identify the weakest buses of the modified IEEE 13 node test feeder under balanced and unbalanced operating conditions. Finally, an application of the generalized index of V/Vo to improve voltage stability of unbalanced networks is demonstrated.


FIELD: physics. SUBSTANCE: first step for adhering at least one of Dy and Tb to at least part of the surface of a sintered magnet based on iron-boron-rare-earth element is carried out; and a second step is carried out for diffusion of at least one of Dy and Tb adhered to the surface of the sintered magnet into a crystalline grain-boundary phase of the sintered magnet via thermal treatment at defined temperature. The sintered magnet used is a magnet made by mixing powder of a principal phase alloy, mainly consisting of the R 2 T 14 B phase, where R is at least one rare-earth element, mainly consisting of Nd, and where T is a transition metal, mainly consisting of Fe and powder of a liquid phase alloy, having higher content of R than the R 2 T 14 B phase, and mainly consisting of a phase rich in R, in given ratio of mixing, pressing the obtained mixed powder in a magnetic field and then sintering the pressed body in a vacuum or atmosphere of an inert gas. EFFECT: high coercitive force and good magnetic properties with high efficiency. 10 cl, 6 dwg, 2 ex


Longer telomeres in PA-SMCs from iPAH patients did not correlate with age (Figure 1B). Strikingly, telomere lengths in iPAH positively and significantly (Spearman rank correlation r 1⁄4 0.818; p 1⁄4 0.00096) correlated with pulmonary vascular resistance values, suggesting a strong relationship between disease severity and better telomere length maintenance. This phenomenon seems to be exclusive to PA-SMCs, because it was not found in matched endothelial cells or peripheral blood cells (data not shown). Alterations in the proliferation capacity of the PASMCs have been associated with pulmonary hypertension. Recent studies have also highlighted the similarities between iPAH and cancer, 2 diseases that involve abnormal cell growth. Here, we extend these similarities to aspects related to telomere biology and show the correlation between telomere maintenance and proliferation capacity of iPAH PASMCs, as well as disease severity. This correlation, probably related to an increase of telomerase activity (4), seems to be exclusive to iPAH, because it was not found in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease pulmonary hypertension (5), suggesting that the mechanisms involved in the PA-SMC abnormal growth are different. In conclusion, our work suggests that in iPAH, PA-SMCs overcome the proliferation barriers that operate in normal cells through a better maintenance of telomeres.


Re-usability is frequently declared as sine qua non feature of modern ontology engineering. Although thoroughly examined in general theory of knowledge management models the re-usability issue is still barely a declaration in the domain of legal ontologies. The similar situation also applies to statutespecific ontologies. Those knowledge modeling entities are well described especially as an opposition to the general application legal ontologies. Yet it is trivial to say that most of the developed legal ontologies so far are those generic ones. And this sole fact should not surprise as the very specialized knowledge models – usually harder to develop – are at the same time narrowed with their utility. Of course in terms of re-usability this simply means that this feature may be largely disabled in this kind of knowledge models. In this chapter we face both challenges, i.e. as an excuse for presentation of the most interesting in our opinion trends and works in the field we will demonstrate the practical approach to modeling copyright law case by re-using statute-specific ontologies. DOI: 10.4018/978-1-4666-2136-7.ch003