This paper describes the design of an ultrasonic transducer using different lead free piezo-electric materials and evaluates their performance with different glucose levels in the human blood. COMSOL Multiphysics 4.2a is used in this paper for the simulation study where a 2D axissymmetric model geometry of piezoelectric transducer was designed with lead free piezoelectric materials such as Barium Sodium Niobate (Ba2NaNb5O15)(BNN), Barium Titanate (BaTiO3)(BT) and Lithium Niobate (LiNbO3) (LN). These piezoelectric materials are capable of being used as thin films. The potential of 10 Volt with 140 KHz frequency was applied to the device. The geometry of the sample container for blood is cylindrical shape of 20 mm dia, and 30mm height. The surface and radial displacement of the transducer structure of the materials with pressure and stress are studied in liquid blood medium. The ultrasonic transducer with these piezo materials was observed showing different transducer response to different blood density and therefore, it can be used to measure the glucose levels in the human blood. However, the BT has shown better performance compared to others. The glucose level of blood samples were also compared with a commercial glucose meter.


There are many gradations of evolutionary events in the history of the Earth.The biologic events(Bonifay,1990)or the dispersal events(Repenning,1967,1980,1984,1987)may be the smallest and the most primary ones.On the basis of the work of Repenning(1987),there were 11 biologic events in the last 6.70 Ma.They occurred at 6.70;4.80;4.25;3.70;3.20;2.60;1.90;1.00;0.50;0.127 and 0.01Ma respectively.According to the viewpoint of XU Qin qi(1984),Repenning(1984)and Vrba(1985),the biologic events must have occurred near the ends of the cold stages or the glacial cycles.The cycles are always correlated with the Great Years in Palaeoclimatology.Therefore,the biologic events must have occurred near the ends or at the beginnings of the Eventyears,ie,near the ends of Winters or in the Springs of the Eventyears(XU Qin qi,1998).In addition to the biologic events,there were many kinds of mass extinction events and radiation events in the world(Raup and Sepkoski,1982;Walliser,1986).There were also many units in the Geologic Time Scale,such as Era,Period,Epoch and Stage.All the units represented a complete cycle separately.So they were correlated with many gradations of the Great Years reaspectively,such as Megayears,Erayears,Periodyears,Epochyears,Stageyears and so on.In the history of the Earth,there were two Megayears(Paleozoic and Meso Cenozoic Megayears),four Erayears(Early Paleozoic,Late Paleozoic,Mesozoic and Cenozoic Erayears),and 12 Periodyears(such as Oldovician,Devonian and Triassic Periodyears).There were five mass extinctions in the Geologic Time in the world(Raup and Sepkoski,1982).All of them occurred near the ends of the Winters in the Great Years.The scale of the Permian Extinction was the greatest one among the five mass extionctions.Therefore the Permian Extinction occurred near the end of the Winter in Paleozoic Megayear.Megayear is the highest one of the Great Years.The scale of the Cretaceous Extinction was the second one. Therefore the Cretaceous Extinction occurred near the end of the Winter in Mesozoic Erayear.Enayear is also the second one.The scales of the other three Extinctions were less than the Permian and Cretaceous ones.Therefore they occurred near the ends of the Winters in Ordovician,Devonian and Triassic Periodyears respectively.Periodyears are the third ones lower than the Megayear and Erayear.The radiation events always followed the extinction events in the history of the Earth.There was a short interval between them (Walliser,1986).In sum,near the cnds of the Winters of the different gradations in the Great Years,there must have occurred the different gradations of Extinction events.While in the Springs of the different gradations in the Great Years there must have occurred the different gradations of radiation events or the explosions.So the Cambrian Explosion occurred in the Cambrian,i,e,the Sping of the Paleozoic Megeyear.And the Triassic Explosion occurred in the Triassic,i.e.,the Spring of the Meso Cenozoic Megayear.According to the Chinese Traditional Culture,spring,summer,autumn and winter have different effects on the living beings:spring, appearing;summer, growing;autumn, collecting;and winter, hiding.In the evolutionary history of the Earth,the spring appearance means that the appearances of new species (genera,families ,orders,classes and phyla) or the radiation events must have occurred during the springs in the Great years;and the winter hiding means that the extinction events must have occurred near the ends of the Winters in the Great Years.


Major cause of blindness among diabetic patients is cataract both in developed and developing countries. Diabetic ocular complications are most common in both type-1 and type-2 diabetes, considering the fifth most common cause of legal blindness. This review aims to systematically evaluate the studies on occurrence of cataract formation among diabetic patients, types of cataract and its mechanisms of pathogenesis. According to WHO, cataract is 33% of all type of visual impairment. Prevalence of cataract increased with increasing age in both younger and older onset diabetic persons. Females had higher rates than males. The pathogenesis of diabetic cataract development is still not fully understood. Population-based studies have greatly increased our knowledge concerning the association between diabetes and cataract formation and have defined risk factors for the development of cataract. Simply diabetic cataracts are characterized by cortical or posterior sub-capsular opacities. Aldose reductase and polyol are responsible for diabetes ocular complications. Mechanisms of diabetic cataractogenesis have been studied in less detail than those of other diabetic complications. Both animal and human studies support important contribution of increased aldose reductase activity. Several clinical studies investigated the role of phacoemulsification surgery and its post-surgery complications. Researchers are trying to develop aldose reductase inhibitors and antioxidants, may be effective treatment to prevent or cure diabetes cataract.


A new approach to the supervision of fuzzy controllers is presented. The supervision loop is designed to overcome some of the problems that remain unsolved, such as time-varying plants, high nonlinear plants or fine tuning of the linguistic terms given by the expert in a fuzzy controller. The supervision concept is based on the continuous adjustment of the mathematical functions used for the definition of the linguistic terms which describe the actions of the rules. The amount of adjustment is the result of a weighted combination of the results using two features observed in the control system output-the rise time and the overshoot.<<ETX>>


This study fits into the research field of Aid and Growth, seeking to evaluate whether the gender composition of Parliaments in recipient countries may have any impact on aid effectiveness. By using data from the World Bank and OECD (CRS) databases, the analysis refers to 46 Sub-Saharan African countries over the period 1995-2012. The analysis reveals that the presence of women in parliament reduces this negative effect of aid on growth. The results are robust when controlling for endogeneity problems that may affect the linkages between Aid and Growth and for the inclusion of some crucial control for political factors.


An ecological study was conducted in two pools, one temporary and one semi-permanent at the Kenya coast to determine the relationship between infection levels of Coelomomyces indicus Iyengar in larvae of Anopheles gambiae Giles, and the species and density of copepods found in these sites. Microcyclops minutus Claus, an intermediate host of Coelomomyces indicus, was the predominant species in both pools. Other species were, Mesocyclops leuckarti Claus, Mesocyclops leuckarti pilosa Kiefer, and Mesocyclops (Thermocyclops) decipiens Kiefer. Infections occurred during the periods when M. minutus densities were above 12 cyclops per 250 ml of water. A positive relationship was shown between M. minutus density and infection levels in An. gambiae with C. indicus. The r-value for this relationship in the temporary pool was 0.726, and in the semi-permanent pool, 0.639.RésuméOn a dirigé un étude écologique dans deux flaques, l'une temporaire et l'autre quasi-permanent, au cote de Kenya pour que determine le rapport entre les niveaux d'infection par Coelomomyces indicus Iyengar dans les larves de Anopheles gambiae Giles, et les espèces de copepods et leur densité a ces sites. Microcyclops minutus Claus, un hote intermedaire de C. indicus, était l'espèce predominant dans les deux flaques. D'autres espèces étaient Mesocyclops leuckarti Claus, Mesocyclops leuckarti pilosa Kiefer, et Mesocyclops (Thermocyclops) decipiens Kiefer. Les infections ont existé pendant le temps que les densités de M. minutus était plus que 12 cyclops/250 ml d'eau. On a demonstré un rapport positiv entre le densité de M. minutus et les niveaux d'infection avec C. indicus dans les larves de A. gambiae. Le valeur r pour ce rapport dans le flaque temporaire a été 0.726 et dans le flaque quasi-permanent, le valeur a été 0.639.


. Emergent self-organizing maps (ESOMs) and k -means clustering are used to cluster counties in each of the states of Florida, Penn-sylvania, and Ohio by demographic data from the 2010 United States census. The counties in these clusters are then analyzed for how they voted in the 2008 U.S. Presidential election, and political strategies are discussed that target demographically similar geographical regions based on ESOM results. The ESOM and k -means clusterings are compared and found to be dissimilar by the variation of information distance function.


AbstractMixed printing and dyeing wastewater (MPDW) is characterized by a low-strength chemical oxygen demand (COD; average of around 1,000 mg/L), a high fraction of recalcitrant components, a low COD/ ratio (approximately 1.0), and a high pH (about 8–10 without adjustment). In this study, a biological system that combined a hybrid anaerobic baffled reactor (HABR) and a cross flow aerobic sludge reactor (CFASR) was successfully used to treat MPDW that was discharged from an industrial zone. The HABR–CFASR system was fed with real MPDW. In the start-up stage, the system had low organic loading rates of 0.66 and 0.45 kg COD/(m3·d) for the HABR and CFASR, respectively. These increased to 2.03 and 1.00 kgCOD/(m3·d), respectively, in the steady stage. The pH of the HABR influent was reduced by adding H2SO4 at a decreased dosage over the course of the experiment. Most of the final effluent from the combined treatment process was stable below 100 mg-COD/L and 20 mg-BOD/L after 12 h-HRT in the HABR followed by 20...


Data from geologic and geochemical studies of the New Albany shale group indicate that a 19-country area of southeastern Illinois is a favorable area to explore for gas in Devonian shale. Although gas shows in the shales have been encountered in several wells drilled in this area, no attempts were made to complete or evaluate a shale gas well until 1979. It is found that conventional rotary drilling with mud base drilling fluids likely causes extensive formation damage and may account for the paucity of gas shows and completion attempts in the Devonian shales; therefore, commercial production of shale gas in Illinois probably will require novel drilling completion techniques not commonly used by local operators. 16 refs.


Within the framework of agent-oriented parallel simulation, an agent-based model of production processes including release agents, tool group agents and job agents is built. The model, the data collector, and the simulation controller make up the simulator for production processes. The simulation controller is responsible to manage activation points and advance the simulation time. The communications among the agents and the simulation controller are designed in detail. A large variety of dispatch rules and release policies are preset in the model. Data of the production processes are stored in XML files. Applying the simulator to a wafer FAB model, the simulation results already match to the results from commercial simulators like Factory Explorer.


In January 2009, the ACS received a gift of approximately $33 million from the Hach Scientific Foundation, the largest gift in the society's 133-year history. The foundation's programs will be continued by the ACS and will complement pre-existing ACS resources that support high school chemistry teaching. Three activities serve as the pillars of the ACS–Hach programs—the High School Chemistry Grant Program, the Second Career Teacher Scholarship Program, and the Land Grant University Scholars Program. Collectively, the ACS–Hach programs support high school chemistry teaching and learning by responding to the needs of both in-service and pre-service secondary teachers. The goals of each of the ACS–Hach programs align well with the ACS Mission—to advance the broader chemistry enterprise and its practitioners for the benefit of Earth and its people.


Our article mentions the problem of selection in sports. The psycho-physiological approach proposed by us is based on the method of assessing the inclination to a particular sports specialization, which takes into account the following algorithm of actions: psycho-social characteristics and genetic and typological characteristics of athletes.: psycho-social characteristics of sportsmen, and genetic and typological characteristics. EP Ilyin's motor skills technique; Determination of individual neurodynamic characteristics of a subject and their comparison with known, experimentally identified "model" neurodynamic characteristics that dominate, in terms of frequency of occurrence, among representatives of high-level sports. In modern conditions, when digital technologies are developing rapidly, the methods of evaluating and identifying talented athletes, saving health, and improving the quality of sports selection, which ensure a successful career and self-realization of all participants in sports activities, are of particular importance. We offer a psycho-physiological program, the obtained results provide important information in the form of practical recommendations to specialists, and coaches and help to determine the model characteristics, correctly plan the forecast, increase the selection efficiency, and improve the organization process.


The additional AC loss due to forming three-strand transposed parallel conductors with REBa2Cu3Oy(REBCO, RE = rare earth) superconducting tapes, are investigated theoretically and experimentally. In this study, supposing that the two transposition points deviate by arbitrary length from optimal ones in three-strand parallel conductor, the theoretical expression of the additional AC loss was derived. For the derivation of theoretical expressions, the voltage-current characteristics of REBCO tapes were taken into account by using a n-value model. The additional AC loss was measured via pick-up-coil method under an applied AC magnetic field with various amplitudes and frequencies. The validity of the theoretical expressions was confirmed by accordance between theory and experiment.


WITH new drugs agranulocytosis is a serious side effect always feared, and occasionally found. The following case concerns a patient who recovered from this complication after treatment with 10(N-m...


This chapter has seven sections: 1. Africa; 2. Australia; 3. Canada; 4. The Caribbean; 5. South Asia: The Indian Subcontinent and Sri Lanka; 6. New Zealand and Pacific; 7. Southeast Asia. Section 1 is by Louisa Uchum Egbunike, Kerry Manzo, Sanja Nivesjö, and Maria Zirra; section 2 is by Benjamin Miller and Paul Sharrad; section 3 is by Christine Lorre-Johnston and Libe García Zarranz; section 4 is by Michael Niblett; section 5 is by Ira Raja; section 6 is by Dougal McNeill; section 7 is by Cheryl Narumi Naruse.


During the first 2 h of oxygen re-exposure, the GSH level was almost constant, while the GSSG increased about 10-fold. This results in a decline of the GSH/GSSG ratio, which reflects oxidative stress induced by re-aeration following hypoxic pretreatment. Further evidence for this is an increase in lipid peroxidation measured as thiobarbituric acid-reactive material (TBA-rm) and the affected content of sulfydryl-groups in the root tissues. In spite of the high level of reduced glutathione in the roots under hypoxia-inducing conditions, they contained a retarded glutathione reductase (GR) activity compared with aerobically grown roots. Re-aeration up to 2 h resulted in a further decrease in GR activity. Only at the end of the 16-h period of re-aeration the enzyme activity was able to recover, by overshooting slightly those values of the continuously aerated controls. This was accompanied by a restoring a high GSH/GSSG ratio and an enhanced level of GSH.


A first order symmetric hyperbolic tetrad formulation of the Einstein equations developed by Estabrook and Wahlquist and put into a form suitable for numerical relativity by Buchman and Bardeen (the WEBB formulation) is adapted to explicit spherical symmetry and tested for accuracy and stability in the evolution of spherically symmetric black holes (the Schwarzschild geometry). The lapse and shift, which specify the evolution of the coordinates relative to the tetrad congruence, are reset at frequent time intervals to keep the constant-time hypersurfaces nearly orthogonal to the tetrad congruence and the spatial coordinate satisfying a kind of minimal rate of strain condition. By arranging through initial conditions that the constant-time hypersurfaces are asymptotically hyperbolic, we simplify the boundary value problem and improve stability of the evolution. Results are obtained for both tetrad gauges ('Nester' and 'Lorentz') of the WEBB formalism using finite difference numerical methods. We are able to obtain stable unconstrained evolution with the Nester gauge for certain initial conditions, but not with the Lorentz gauge.


A fire-resistant glazing assembly comprises two glass sheets (1, 2) connected together along their edges by a spacer (3) and a water-containing interlayer (4) between the two panes (1, 2). The spacer (3) is made of silicone rubber. A bead (6) of a heat-activated foaming material is advantageously placed between the Spacer (3) and the adhesive Sealing material (7) Serving to provide the peripheral Seal.


Collaborative engineering and development are paramount to supporting new warfighter-driven programs like Simulation Based Acquisition and Simulation Based Design. The Collaborative Enterprise Environment (CEE), under development by AFRL, enhances Directorate research and development, exploration, evaluation, planning and transition of technologies by enabling collaboration and technology integration. A number of algorithms and models have been implemented under a variety of DoD programs using Khoros, a powerful software development and visual programming environment that facilitates the integration of legacy code as well as the development of new solutions. This paper discusses how Khoros is being extended to operate within the CEE, seamlessly supporting collaborative development and component reuse.


Recently, we have explored application to the Advanced Photon Source (APS) of Zholents[1] crab cavity scheme for production of short x-ray pulses. We assumed use of superconducting (SC) cavities in order to have a continuous stream of crabbed bunches and flexibility of operating modes. The challenges of the SC approach are related to the size, cost, and development time of the cavities and associated systems. A good case can be made [2] for a pulsed system using room-temperature cavities. APS has elected to pursue such a system in the near term, with the SC-based system planned for a later date. This paper describes the motivation for the pulsed system and gives an overview of the planned implementation and issues. Among these are overall configuration options and constraints, cavity design options, frequency choice, cavity design challenges, tolerances, instabilities, and diagnostics plans.


Matas'1comprehensive study of primary thrombosis of the axillary vein makes it unnecessary for later writers to dwell at any length on the general aspects of the condition and goes far to answer his own criticism that the American literature is singularly barren of contributions to the subject. He is undoubtedly correct in his contention that even a casual survey of recent English and continental publications would increase to one hundred or perhaps more the number of cases (seventy-four) collected by Bruno Paggi in 1933. Nevertheless, the disease is unusual enough to warrant our recording two additional cases, neither of which belongs to the so-called "effort" group. We desire to report also certain studies which we have made on the living subject and on fresh autopsy material in an effort to unravel the still dubious etiology and which are not in accord with the theories heretofore advanced to explain


Objective: To develop the HPLC method for the determination of clonidine hydrochloride in Zhenju Jiangya Tablets.Methods: The method was performed on Diamonsil C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm) column.The mobile phase consisted of 0.22% Sodium 1-octanesulfonate-methanol-phosphoric acid(560∶440∶1,adjusted to pH 3.0 by 1 mol/L sodium hydroxide solution) at the UV detection wavelength was 220 nm,the flow rate of 1.0 ml/min,the injection volume was 20 μl and the column temperature was room temperature.Results: The linear range of clonidine hydrochloride was 1.0-10.0 μg/ml(r=0.999 9,n=6),with average recovery of 99.4%(RSD=0.93%).Conclution: The established method is accurate and suitable for the quality control of Zhenju Jiangya Tablets.


Objective To discuss the effects of Trimetazidine Dihydrochloride and Spironolactone on congestive heart failure.Methods There 64 congestive heart failure patients were randomly divided into the observation group and control group each consisted of 32 cases.The control group was treated with Aspirin,β-blockers,ACEI,Lasix,and inotropic drug and Statins.The patients in observation group were treated with the same drugs plus Trimetazidine Dihydrochloride(20mg,3 times per day,P.O)and Spironolactone(20mg,3 times per day,P.O).The results were analyzed.Results Marked effective rate and effective rate in observation group were 50%(16/32)and 40.6%(13/32)with a total effective rate of 90.6%.While that in the control group were 37.5%(12/32)and 34.4%(11/32),with a total effective rate of 71.9%,showing significant differences between the two groups(P0.05).Conclusion Trimetazidine Dihydrochloride and Spironolactone are effective for treatment of patients with congestive heart failure.


In Mexico, obesity has increased in all social levels, to the point that we are the country with the largest percentage of obese adults in the world. According to the nutritional transition theory, the stage of predominance of chronic diseases is characterised by an increase in the intake of simple carbohydrates the decrease in the intake of non-industrialised cereals and tubers, as well as an increase in the consumption of animal origin foods. These changes have moved research to evaluate the oxidant–antioxidant system and the immune response of different types of diets in human subjects as well as in experimental models. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a high carbohydrate diet and exercise on intestinal oxidant–antioxidant system and on lamina propria and cellular phenotype in a murine model. Three-week old male Balb/c mice were fed a high carbohydrate diet (HCD) with or without moderate exercise (E) during 9 weeks. Protein (carbonyls) and unsaturated fatty acid (TBARS) stress indicators, total antioxidant status (TAS) and catalase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activity were measured in intestinal homogenates. Intestinal carbonyls (12.8, SD 0.97 nmol/mg) and TBARS (6.16, SD 0.59 nmol/mg protein) were higher (F 49.62, P<0.001 and F 15.00, P<0.001, respectively) in the controls compared with all experimental groups. The highest (F 3.59, P = 0.026) TAS value was found in the HCD without exercise group (41.9, SD 3.68 nm/mg protein); in the experimental groups, all antioxidant enzymes were significantly lower compared with controls (data not shown). Lamina propria lymphocytes were isolated for phenotyping by flow cytometry, data are shown in percentage of cells.


We study structural models of stochastic discount factors and explore alternative methods of estimating such models using data on macroeconomic risk and asset returns. Particular attention is devoted to recursive utility models in which risk aversion can be modified without altering intertemporal substitution. We characterize the impact of changing the intertemporal substitution and risk aversion parameters on equilibrium short-run and long-run risk prices and on equilibrium wealth.


Abstract : This report presents in detail the application of an energy method to describe a class of delamination growth problems found in polymer-based composite laminates. The energy method is derived from the general concept of the classification fracture mechanics. When used judiciously and with proper interpretation of the physical factors pertinent to the crack growth process at the lamina(ply) level, the method provides an analytical simulation for the delamination process in laminates subjected to monotonic loading and/or cyclic loading, both in tension and in compression. Case studies involving one-dimensional growth (e.g. uniform free edge delamination) and two-dimensional delamination growth (contour delamination) have been performed along with laboratory tests using laminates made of AS-3501-06 graphite-epoxy system. Excellent correlation between experimental and predicted results has been achieved. (Author)


Dai Yongfu made many achievements in garment research in his life and the establishment of D-ta-iloring method was the most important.With the establishment of D-tailoring method as the core,Dai Yongfu's research in garment science and technology can be divided into three phases,that is,the first phase of establishing the base,the second phase of establishing the method and the third phase of perfecting the method.


The main objective of this study was to find out the influence of virtual physics laboratory on students' performance and cognitive achievements in motion. The total population for the study was 63 second year science students; 42 in the control group and 21 in the experimental group at Bishop Herman College, Kpando. Quasiexperimental design was adopted in this study. Questionnaire, test and were the research instruments used. The data were analyzed by using SPSS 16.0 statistical analysis program and statistics such as mean, Standard Deviation were calculated and a paired sample t-test technique was used. The mean test score of the experimental group (22.2) was higher than their control group (13.6) counterparts in the post-test. The ttest analysis of the mean score on the post-test shows a significant difference between the 2 groups (t = 5.465; p < 0.05). There is a significant difference between the participation of the students who were exposed to the VPLAB approach and their counterparts who were exposed to the traditional approach. The finding of the present study clearly revealed that students learned concept of motion effect through virtual physics lab in a better way as compared to teaching in abstract. BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Students perceive information in different ways. That is why teachers use variety of teaching strategies to improve students' learning. Educational systems around the world are under pressure to use information and communication technologies (ICTs) to enhance teaching and learning. There are many ways to present new and challenging information in teaching and learning. Computer programmes allow the incorporation of pictures, sounds and animation into teaching and learning which extends the teachers capacity to present lessons that encourage students' interaction with the subject matter. It is evident that the students at the second cycle schools are becoming more advanced in the use of technology. Physics is one of the major aspects of science which students in Ghana dislike. Research conducted by Wanbugu and Changeiywo (2008) classified physics as difficult subject, not popular, avoided by students and with poor performance in schools. This researcher observed that this assertion also pertains to the science students of Bishop Herman College, Kpando where this study was done. The researcher, observed that most science students at Bishop Herman College passed very well in other science subjects after carefully going through their exercise books and also their performance in their final examination but perform poorly in Physics. It was in this regard that this study examined the option of using virtual physics laboratory to enhance teaching and learning of physic in Bishop Herman College, Kpando. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM The use of multimedia in teaching in the second cycle is not encouraging. As a result, physics students' participation and cognitive achievement in physics was very low. The researcher realized that, the students' interest in motion was very low. He found out that, most students could not solve simple problem under the topic correctly. Motion has always been a problem to Senior High School students offering physics. For this reason, the researcher used Computer program (VPLAB) to teach in order to determine the effect of the program on the students' performance with respect to motion. The use of the program was supplemented with the use of pedagogical strategies such as group work; hands-on learning and technology enhanced learning techniques to achieve the needed results. Objectives The objectives of the study were as follows: 1. To identify factors that affected the students' participation and performance in motion. 2. To determine the outcome of the use of VPLAB on students' cognitive achievement. Research Questions The research questions below serve as a guide in the investigations: 1. What factors influence students' participation and performance in motion? 2. What are students' cognitive achievement in motion when they are taught using the VPLAB Null hypothesis The following null hypotheses were formulated for the study: 1. HO: There is no significant difference between the cognitive achievements of students and the use of VPLAB in lessons on motion. Educational Significance of the Study International Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences (IJEAS) ISSN: 2394-3661, Volume-7, Issue-9, September 2020 The outcome of this study will go a long way to enhance the teaching and learning of motion at Senior High Schools in Ghana. The use of VPLAB in teaching mechanics enable students to visualize scientific concept "dynamically and authentically" (Jackson, Krajcik & Soloway, 2000) and stir up their interest. The use of VPLAB would also bring to light possible misconception which when addressed would enhance students' understanding. To curriculum developers and designers, the success in the use of VPLAB in the teaching and learning of motion would give them a new perspective in recommending its use across the educational system. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ICT integration in teaching and learning of physics Technology has been a party of schooling for many decades but until recently the technologies being used were rather simple and changed slowly. When the field of physics developed the area of electronics, cheaper gadgets have been manufactured and their production, demand and uses have dramatically increased. To underscore this, in 1983 there were just about 50,000 computers in American schools (Stantrock,2004). With the introduction of cheap modems and competing internet service providers a teacher in the rural areas can easily access the internet and specifically for this study there are various websites that have physics videos and physics animations that can be downloaded to suit any topic within the Ghanaian curriculum. Besides, video cameras and DVD players were previously having a prohibitive price but now, any school that wishes to invest in this hardware can do so as their prices has really gone down. Unlike other science subject's physics has many demonstrations that can be recorded and considering that the basic scientific principles do not change any recorded videos can be used without getting outdated. The internet is the core of computer mediated communication. In many cases it has more current up-to-date information than the physics text books. This would therefore be of great use to the teachers in keeping abreast with immerging issues in the subject so as to be at par with the rest of the world. Howell and Dunnivant, (2002) argued that only when schools have technologically trained teachers and current workable technologies will the technology revolution have an opportunity to truly transform classrooms. Factors that affect students' performance in Motion lessons According to Keeves and Mrganistern (1992), attitude of the learner affects performance. This was also supported by Anderson (2006) who explained that attitude and achievement are related and that a positive attitude towards science lesson results in a good achievement. Teachers' content and pedagogical knowledge is a key factor to students' academic success in today's classrooms (Darling-Hammond, 2000). Therefore, what teachers know, determines the authenticity of their contribution to teaching and learning of motion. The pedagogical content knowledge of a teacher is also crucial in teaching and learning of concepts in Physics. Other factors that affect students' performance in Mechanics lesson are: past experiences of the learners, material availability, presentation of concepts and topics in an abstract. This leads to 'inert knowledge' knowledge not related to the environment of learners. lack of motivation, time available for teaching and learning, learning strategies students employ and selfefficacy are also identified as factors affecting student performance in physic The importance of Students' Perceptions on Motion How learners form concepts was a very important issue in science education today. Researches on students' misconceptions have become a central issue in science education for the past two decades because they are presumed to be instruction-resistant obstacles to the acquisition of scientific concepts (Lawson, 1988). Much research therefore has been focused on what accounts for misconception in science and steps to correct the situation. It is well established in higher education that students arrive at universities with already conceived misconceptions which can exist alongside new conceptions and are marked by being personal in nature, counter intuitive, highly resistant to change and/or contradictory (Wandersee, Mintzes & Novak, 1994). This assertion is also true about students who come to Senior High Schools. The sources of misconception may be diversified. More often than not science teachers' instructions usually focus on covering all the topics in the course syllabus or manual without a consistent emphasis on integrating across concepts. Physics is an exciting subject that underpins much of modern technology and is vital to the economic wellbeing of the world and to our human appreciation of our true place in the physical universe. Description of the Virtual Physics Lab. (VPLAB) Computer Software are well designed concept-driven packages of instructional materials that support and facilitate teaching and learning in a classroom or laboratories. They are designed to be more adaptable for general use. Teachers could use them as supplement and enhancement of their own teaching methods. The Virtual Physics Laboratory (VPLAB) is an on-line simulation-based learning environment allowing students to conduct "virtual experiments" which feature many characteristics and constraints normally associated with real experiments, such as: uncertainty of measuring apparatus, small random fluctuations of parameters, and International Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences


Pseudocereals are multi-purpose crops cultivated for their high nutritional quality as a food and animal feed. In botanical terms, amaranth, quinoa and buckwheat are not true cereals, they are dicotyledonous plants as opposed to most cereals (e.g. wheat, rice, barley) which are monocotyledonous. They are referred to as pseudocereals, as their seeds resemble in function and composition those of the true cereals. Among the pseudocereals, amaranth have been cultivated for their grains and grown for their edible seeds rich in starch. Countries that grow grain amaranth in significant quantities include Mexico, Russia, China, India, Nepal, Argentina, Peru and Kenya. It grows very rapidly, especially under conditions of high temperatures, water scare conditions. In India, Amaranth is cultivated in the hilly regions as well as in the plains, covering the entire Himalayan region, Southern India and in some parts of a Western and Northern India. Amaranth grain is reported to have high levels of lysine, a nutritionally critical amino acid ranging from 0.73 to 0.84% of the total protein content and the grain is high in fiber and low in saturated fats. In irrigated areas, amaranth provides an alternative for farmers as it consumes less water and reduce the potential for sod salinization. Quinoa is a stress-tolerant plant, cultivated along the Andes, from about 3000 B.C and is still cultivated in Peru, Bolivia, Chile, Ecuador, Colombia and Argentina. Its grains have a high-protein content with abundance of essential amino acids, and a wide range of vitamins, minerals and saponin and it is a promising worldwide plant for human consumption and nutrition.


The invention discloses a preparation method of a health nutritious instant sea pumpkin, which includes sea pumpkin pretreatment, ultrahigh pressure treatment, and gas replacement package. The preparation method mainly adopts the following steps: a. material selection; b. fermenting sea pumpkin in a calcium salt solution; c. dipping a nutrient fluid in vacuum; d. treatment by an ultrahigh pressure technology; e. keeping fresh and packaging for gas replacement. The health nutrition of the sea pumpkin is obtained by people in daily life. The method makes a demonstration for promoting the sea pumpkin processing industry to develop towards the high tech refined and deep processing industry. The sea pumpkin produced by the ultrahigh pressure technology preserves the nutrient content of the seapumpkin, the fresh taste and well-lubricated and ripening mouthfeel, reaches sterilization, proteid fixation, original shape elasticity preservation, oxide skin and metamorphism prevention, and further provides an innovative space for the health protection, the nutrition performance, the quality guaranteeing performance and the instant performance.


The selection of an optimal material is an important aspect of design for mechanical, electrical, thermal, chemical or other application. Material selection problem is a multi-attribute decision making (MADM) problem, which has several evaluation attributes. The selection decisions are complex, as material selection is more challenging today. This paper proposes a new MADM method for material selection problem. Combining the TOPSIS with grey relation analysis, the method proposed a comprehensive value to evaluate and select the best alternative. A real material selection case is used to demonstrate that the proposed method is effectiveness and feasibility.


This article uses a political ecology approach to examine how urban residents of the refinery city of Esmeraldas "wager life" under conditions of social and chemical toxicity associated with oil capitalism. The article draws on the scholarship on affective economies and critical oil geographies to trace the knotting of social reproduction and oil capital in Esmeraldas and to illustrate how "cruel optimisms" (Berlant 2011) allow city-dwellers to make sense of everyday life amidst frontier-style petro-capitalism. Focusing on personal narratives of social reproduction, affect, and hope in the city, the article first argues that "justice" can be contradictory and politically ambivalent and, second, challenges fixed readings of resistance, refusal, or submission in resource extraction–dominated sites. Rather than presupposing resistance to petro-capitalism or submission to its workings, the article illustrates the liveliness of urban justice struggles and how attention to embodied ecologies and affective oil economies deepens scholarship on social justice. Key Words: cruel optimisms, environmental justice, petro-capital, social reproduction, urban political ecology.


A dynamical contact problem describing the mechanical and thermal evolution of an elastic rod with voids and microtemperatures is investigated. The contact is modeled by the classical Signorini condition. The existence of a weak solution is shown by a penalization method and the energy associated to the system is proved to decay exponentially as time goes to infinity.


Effect of aggregate type on the fatigue behaviour of asphalt mixture is an important variable to 6 ensure greater durability of the pavements over time. This study presents the main results about the evaluation 7 of the physical properties of different aggregates on the fatigue behaviour of asphalt mixtures. Two fatigue 8 tests were used for this study, one standardized and another, which was recently developed and evaluates 9 dissipated energy during the cracking process of the asphalt mixtures (EBADE® test). Three types of 10 aggregates were used and adjusted to a semi-dense aggregate gradation: two of fluvial type (AF1 and AF2) 11 and one from quarry (AC). Two different shredding processes were used to obtain them. The results obtained 12 show that there is a greater relationship between the shape and texture of the fine aggregates and the fatigue 13 behaviour of the mixtures. It was also showed that the greater the thickness of the mixture in the pavement 14 structure, the more influence these properties have. Likewise, the shape and texture properties of the fine 15 aggregate influence the ability of asphalt mixtures to dissipate energy during the process of fatigue damage. 16


Abstract On a 766 heads sample of Marchigiana bullocks slaughtered in 2004-2006 at Senigallia's Slaughterhouse main performance at slaughtering were recorded: identity, personal data, live weight, right hoof, right fore and hind limbs, head, tongue, skin, head skin, gross stomachs, empty rumen, gross intestines, stomach fat, thickness of skin, carcass and half weights, limb girth, SEUROP carcass and fatness scoring (using 3 subclasses). Avarage daily gain (ADG) and percentages were computed. All statistics were performed on 726 males: means, correlations, multivariate analysis, variance components, heritability. Average slaughtering data were: age 598.8 ± 78.6 d, live weight 681.6 ± 81.1 kg, live ADG 1.154 ± 0.175 kg/d, carcass weight 424.9 ± 54.9 kg, gross dressing 62.29 ± 2.08%, net dressing 68.89 ± 1,89%, carcass ADG 0.719 ± 0.116 kg/d. Phenotypic correlations of live weight with SEUROP carcass evaluation and fatness have been equal to 47% and 26% while the correlations between ADG, SEUROP and fatness carcass evaluation have been equal to 41% and 37%. Following heritabilities were estimated: carcass weight 0.29, skin 0.62, head 0.34, SEUROP carcass evaluation 0.48.


An rf nitrogen (N) plasma source has been used to achieve p‐type conductivity in molecular beam epitaxy CdTe layers grown with a Cd overpressure. Photoluminescence and secondary ion mass spectrometry measurements have confirmed the incorporation of the N species, and evidence for the resulting p‐type conductivity has been obtained using capacitance‐voltage and current‐voltage techniques. Net hole concentrations as high as 2×1017 cm−3 have so far been achieved, which contrasts with the normally n‐type nature of our undoped CdTe layers.


This papers gives three mathematical models of physical fitness test based on he difference of considerations:ModelⅠ,according to the random service system theory,the average waiting time of each student to complete the 5 testing projects is gived;ModelⅡ, according to the Proc Univariate process in SAS system,we get the stem-and-leaf display of the number of classes in the test,divide the classes into step test and class size is gibed in accordance with the necessary conditions of physical fitness test,then a more precise schedule of physical fitness test is gived based on this relationship.Based on the three models above, a practical method on arrangements of physical fitness test is gived.


ABSTRACT Background While evidence exists for the negative and positive effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and associated lockdown on the mental health and well-being of adolescents and parents separately, the potential impact of lockdown, and the effective coping strategies that have been used have so far, by both children and their parents still needs to be explored. Method A dyadic approach was used to explore the perceived impact of COVID-19 restrictions among early adolescents and their parents in Northwest England. Nine parents (8 female and 1 male) and their 10 children (6 boys and 4 girls) aged 11–13, were recruited from 4 secondary schools to be interviewed. Remote interviews took place between October and December 2020 for the adolescents and between March and May 2021 for their parents. Inductive thematic analysis was used. Results Five inter-related themes were identified: (1) overcoming barriers for learning at home; (2) juggling a work–life balance; (3) loss of experiences; (4) caring for other family members; and (5) adopting new self-care and coping strategies during the pandemic. Conclusion Themes identified will help to inform policy and practice for supporting adolescents and parents in the future, including the promotion of positive coping strategies and the provision of resources for adolescents, schools and families.


Competition in the business world is getting tougher. This circumstance requires employees who have good engagement because employees having good engagement will have high morale, spread positive information about the organization for which they work, and always strive to provide the best for the organization. Leadership and human resource management practices within an organization shape employees' perceptions, attitudes, and behavior. Similarly, the organizational culture, shared values, governs the behavior patterns of the organizations members. This research aims to develop a development model of employees' engagement through leadership and human resource management practices through organizational culture that supports employees' engagement. The data were collected by using questionnaires involving 111 students working in companies in the Jakarta, Bogor, Tangerang and Bekasi (Jabodetabek) as research respondents. The data were analyzed by using structural equation modeling (SEM) with AMOS program. The results showed that leadership and human resource management practices have a significant positive effect on employee engagement through organizational culture. Human resource management practices directly influence employees' engagement, but the leadership has no significant direct effect on employees' engagement.


Blue Culture is an embodiment of the developmental level of Blue Economy,an significant sign of social civilization,and the engine and support for the growth of Blue Economy.With an analysis of the importance of Blue Culture,its supporting role in Blue Economy,as well as combing the meaning,characteristics and the course of development,this paper discusses the category and developmental strategies of Blue Culture industry.


A magnetic sensor (50) of a sensor unit (40) includes magnetic sensing elements (511), an encapsulating portion (520), a primary terminal group (530) and a secondary terminal group (540). Another magnetic sensor (60) includes magnetic sensing elements (611), an encapsulating portion (620), a primary terminal group (630) and a secondary terminal group (640). The magnetic sensors (50,60) are mounted on a common surface of a circuit board (41). The adjacent two magnetic sensors (50,60), which are oriented in a common direction, are arranged such that the secondary terminal group (540) of one of the adjacent two magnetic sensors (50,60)is opposed to the primary terminal group (630) of the other one of the adjacent two magnetic sensors (50,60). A primary output terminal (541,641) and a secondary output terminal (520,620) are placed asymmetrically to each other with respect to a center line (C2,C3) of the encapsulating portion.


The invention discloses a corrosion-resisting reversing valve assembly. The corrosion-resisting reversing valve assembly comprises a main body, a connecting tube and an extension structure, wherein the connecting tube and the extension structure are arranged at the two ends of the main body correspondingly. The main body is of a box type and communicates with the connecting tube. The extension structure is provided with a seat connected to the main body and a long and thin extension part arranged on the seat. The connecting tube is made of stainless steel, and the surface of the connecting tube is doped with additives which include one or more of carbon fibers, ceramic fibers, titanium nitride and calcium carbonate and account for 0.1-0.3 wt% of the main body. Intermediate layers are pre-formed on the surfaces of the additives. The connecting tube is further provided with a sealing ring which is arranged on the outer side of the connecting tube in a sleeving mode or arranged in the connecting tube in a lining mode. The corrosion-resisting reversing valve assembly in the scheme is good in mechanical performance and surface property, excellent in corrosion resistance and impact resistance, not prone to corrosion caused by oil liquid and corrosive elements, and good in tolerance to various types of working environments.


Abstract An improved method based on rapid resolution liquid chromatography (RRLC) coupled with diode array detection (DAD) and electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF/MS) has been developed for quantification of seven major components and identification of most components in extracts of Radix Salvia Miltiorrhizae (RSM). RRLC analysis was performed with a C18 column by gradient elution using acetonitrile and 0.4% formic acid (v/v) in water as the mobile phase; the detection wavelength was set at 280 nm. Seven major components in RSM were successfully separated. This quantitative method was fully validated with respect to the following performance criteria: linearity, precision, repeatability, stability, accuracy, limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ). The UV spectra, acquired by DAD, were used to distinguish the two groups of components roughly, water-soluble phenolic and nonpolar diterpenoid compounds. A formula database of known compounds in RSM was established, against which most of the reported components in the herbal extract were identified effectively, based on the extract masses acquired by TOF/MS. This qualitative and quantitative method was successfully used to analyze the components in 10 batches of RSM samples collected from different regions in China. This improved quality evaluation method consisted of RRLC assay of seven major components and unambiguous identification of forty components, is suitable for routine quantification and comprehensive quality control of RSM.


In Hungary, a nation-wide "call-and-recall" system of organised cervical screening has been in operation since 2003. Recently, in order to increase participation rates in those areas where there is little access to gynaecological services, smear-taking for cytology and follow-up of screened women has been added to the job description of health visitors (health professionals, equivalent to public health nurses). Establishing education and training facilities to provide them with the necessary knowledge and skill is of utmost importance.


SUMMARY To evaluate the effect of Mannheimia haemolytica (Mh) inactivation vaccine on Japanese Black cattle the cattle were divided into a vaccination group (n = 12) and a control group (n = 12). Leukotoxin neutralizing antibody titers at two weeks after vaccine injection showed a significant increase compared with the day of injection ( P < 0.05). Leukotoxin neutralizing antibody titers in the vaccination group showed a significant increase compared to the control group ( P < 0.05). The incidence and frequency of treatment for respiratory disease were lower in the vaccination group. The results suggested that Mh inactivation vaccine may permit fast and steady antibody production, making it effective for preventing respiratory disease.


Objective To investigate the efficacy of the procedure for prolapse and hemmorrhoids(PPH) in the treatment of annular mixed hemorrhoids.Methods Six-eight patients with annular mixed hemorrhoids were randomly assigned to receive either Milligan-Morgan hemorrhoidectomy(control group,n=34) or PPH(PPH group,n=34).Clinical effects(operative time,blood loss,wound healing time,length of stay and hospital costs) and postoperative complications(hematochezia,postoperative pain,perianal edema,anal secretions,anal pruritus and urinary retention)were compared between the two groups.Results Compared with control group,PPH significantly shortened operative time,promoted wound healing,reduced postoperative complications but increased hospital costs(P0.05).Conclusion PPH is a better choice than Milligan-Morgan hemorrhoidectomy in the treatment of annular mixed hemorrhoids with shorter operation time and hospital stay,more rapid wound healing and fewer complications.


Feedback information provides a leverage for improving the system performance of wireless communication systems. This paper investigates the effects that feedback information in terms of Channel Quality Information (CQI), Precoding Matrix Indicator (PMI) and Rank Indicator (RI) have on the energy efficiency of two popular Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) transmission modes; Open Loop Spatial Multiplexing (OLSM) and Closed Loop Spatial Multiplexing (CLSM) in the downlink of 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE). This paper introduces an energy efficiency metric: Energy Consumption Rating (ECR) and present results for multi-user MIMO scenarios in a (2×2), (4×2) and (4×4) antenna configurations. The results from simulations carried out show that feedback information is essential to optimize system throughput and energy efficiency as the CLSM configurations, which utilizes all available feedback information shows significant energy efficiency gain over OLSM.


The standard treatment of neurosarcoidosis involves a high dose of methylprednisolone followed by a prolonged course of prednisone; thus, the majority of patients must endure treatment that invariably generates numerous complications. Recurrence of neurological symptoms and/or persistence of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings are not uncommon. Intravenous cyclophosphamide is a known mode of treatment that is usually reserved for either steroid-resistant cases or patients who cannot tolerate steroids. We describe a 49 year-old male who presented with progressive gait imbalance, decreased hearing and tinnitus associated with headache, weight loss and fever. By assessment of clinical features, imaging and histopathology, a diagnosis of neurosarcoidosis with multiorgan involvement was established. The patient was treated with two one-gram doses of methylprednisolone, followed by rapidly-tapered prednisone. Azathioprine was added in follow-up; however, MRI of the brain showed disease progression. Seven infusions of cyclophosphamide were given for treatment, resulting in complete symptomatic improvement and resolution of radiographic signs of active central nervous system sarcoidosis. We conclude that cyclophosphamide is a safe and reliable treatment option for neurosarcoidosis. A previously healthy 49 year-old African American male had been evaluated by his primary care physician for lower back pain, low-grade fever, night sweats, and a ten-pound weight loss over eight to ten weeks. A basic work-up to confirm suspicions of connective tissue disorders, Lyme disease and viral infection was negative. The patient was given a trial of 50 mg of prednisone tapered over two weeks, resulting in substantial improvement. Two weeks later, the patient noticed progressive gait imbalance; four days prior to admission, he experienced tinnitus and decreased hearing, especially in his left ear, associated with severe headache. No vertigo, diplopia, facial asymmetry or slurred speech were noted. The patient is a school teacher, married and monogamous; he had been in the military much of his life, and traveled abroad extensively. He did not smoke, drink alcohol, or use illicit drugs. Family history was significant for multiple sclerosis in his mother and lung cancer in his father. Physical examination was remarkable for left-gaze horizontal nystagmus, with the following specifics: Normal symmetrical bilateral facial muscles Sensorineural deafness in the left ear, later confirmed by audiometry Mild weakness in upper and lower extremities power 4/5 with normal tone and reflexes No sensory level, but decreased position and vibration sense in both feet Positive Romberg's sign Gait was unsteady and slightly wide-based No lymphadenopathy or skin rash. Laboratory data included negative rheumatoid factor (RF), antinuclear cytoplasmic antibody, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); sedimentation rate was 42 and C-reactive protein (CRP) was 10.7. Albumin was 3.3 g/dL, calcium 9.9 mg/dL; white blood count was 4.3 thousand/microliter, hemoglobin 11 g/dL, and hematocrit 34.7. Purified protein derivative test was negative. Cerebrospinal fluid had 18 white blood cells per microliter, 100% lymphocytes, and protein of 68 mg/dl with normal glucose.


The parish of St Thomas in Jamaica has one of the highest densities of landslides on the island, landslides that continue to have negative impact on lives, the local economy, and the built and natural environment. The occurrence of these landslides is a result of a combination of steep slopes, faulting, heavy rainfall and highly weathered geology (volcanics, sandstones, limestones and sandstone/shale series) that occur within this area. The problem of slope instability in the parish is a recurring one particularly during the hurricane season (JuneNovember) when they are triggered by heavy rainfall associated with hurricanes. Two methods, rainfall thresholding and landslide susceptibility assessment, that may be used in the management of slope instability in landslide prone areas of the parish, were explored in this research. Both methods have yielded good results which in combination may be used as management tool to better determine when and where landslides are likely to occur and in the process mitigate the effects of landslides in the area.


There has been a lot of interest in vanadium oxides thin films because of their extensive applications in microelectronics and optoelectronics. Relativity between structures and electrical properties was summarized, meanwhile differences among properties of VO 2 and V 2O 5 films prepared on a variety of substrates by different methods are analyzed.


This thesis explores how everyday makers construct creative identities. The literature review charts creativity research from psychology, sociology, and anthropology. Transdisciplinary theories of creativity and identity are discussed, and the emerging theory of circuits of creative affordance is found to be a useful means for considering creative identities. Three research questions are developed: How do the internal and external affordances to creativity influence an individual maker's evolution toward seeing him or herself as a creative actor? How do people identify and perceive these affordances? How does assuming a creative identity change a person's life? Participants in the purposive sample (n = 42) were recruited from adult everyday makers in the UK and US who answered yes when asked if they felt creative working in their media. The quantitative segment of the parallel sequential mixed-methods research design consisted of an online creative identity questionnaire. The qualitative segment was comprised of one-on-one ethnographic interviews. The project also introduced craft elicitation, a method in which participants prepare for interviews by making something in the medium that they felt creative in, and thinking about when they first felt that way. Study findings indicate that participants are creative people who recognize affordances in their everyday making. A new Affordances-in-Action model proposes they burnish their identities in psychological, social, and cultural contexts by confronting affordances when they make things, which affects their sense of creative identity and produces the agency that drives further experiences in action. It is concluded that, when considered alongside agency and action, creative affordance theory offers a way to understand how everyday makers create identities.


Cocoa is one of main agricultural products cultivated in many tropical countries and processed onto several derivative products. To determine cocoa beans qualities, laboratory procedures based on solvent extractions were mainly used, however most of them are destructive and may cause environmental pollutions. The main purpose of this present study is to employ near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) for rapid and non-destructive assessment of cocoa beans in form of fat content. Near infrared spectral data of cocoa bean samples were measured as diffuse reflectance in wavelength range from 1000 to 2500 nm. Reference fat contents were measured using standard laboratory methods. Prediction models were developed using principal component regression with raw and baseline corrected spectra data. The results showed that fat contents of cocoa beans can be predicted and determined with maximum correlation coefficient (r) of 0.89 and ratio prediction to deviation (RPD) index of 2.87 for raw spectra and r of 0.91, RPD of 3.18 for baseline spectra correction. It may conclude that NIRS was feasible to be applied as a rapid and non-destructive method for cocoa bean quality assessment.


Summary Only a small number of discoveries made at universities become commercially significant. The road to commercial success may take many years, or sometimes decades. This paper provides a general background on university invention licensing, describes the patented technologies-then provides a case study- reviewing the extended licensing history of the Ultra High Carbon Steel technology. Ultra High Carbon Steels have not yet reached large-scale commercial use. Its licensing history at Stanford University provides good examples of the difficulties that may arise in introducing new materials into commercial markets. The article introduces the notion of Ultra High Carbon Steels as a 'disruptive technology', outlining some of the consequences of efforts to introduce disruptive technology to an established industry.


The Neutrino Factory has been proposed as a facility to provide an intense source of neutrinos suitable for the measurement of neutrino oscillation parameters and a possible CP violating phase to unprecedented precision. In the Neutrino Factory, neutrinos are produced by the decay of a muon beam with 20-50 GeV per muon. Initially, the muon beam occupies a large volume in phase space, which must be reduced before the beam can be accelerated. The proposed method to achieve this is to use a solenoidal ionisation colling channel.


Abstract Livestock markets are characterised by imperfections, distortions, and efficiency problems that impact livestock marketing. The purpose of this research was to analyse the sheep and goat marketing system in Benin using the structure-conduct-performance (SCP) approach. Primary data were collected from 215 small ruminant traders selected from 21 markets to calculate the market concentration degree, marketing margin, and efficiency. The four largest traders' concentration ratio (CR4) and Hirschman Herfindahl Index (HHI) show that small ruminant markets have an effective competition structure. These markets were unconcentrated, and barriers to entry were nonexistent, except for trading capital. Small ruminants sold in markets differed according to the animal's body condition, ecotype, age, sex, and coat colour. These attributes and periods of sale are the main factors that influence pricing. Transport costs, animal feed and care costs, transport, and market taxes were the main transaction costs faced by the traders. The total transaction costs per sheep and goats were estimated at 742.7 ± 530.7 XOF and 663.2 ± 463.6 XOF respectively (XOF is a common and official currency of the eight member states of the West African Economic and Monetary Union. 1 USD = 612,38 XOF). Average marketing margin was 5,869.2 ± 4,357.7 XOF per sheep and 3,851.2 ± 1,597.8 XOF per goat. The marketing efficiency was 78.8% for sheep and 78.9% for goats. This depended significantly on the type of trader, whereby wholesalers were the least efficient. Efficiency, including transaction costs and marketing margins, did not vary significantly between sheep and goats. To improve the efficiency of small ruminant marketing, attention needs to be given to improving the road infrastructure that serves markets and formulating new marketing policies on taxes.


Medicaid policies that may affect long-term care decisions vary across states and time. Using data from the 1993, 1995, 1998, and 2000 waves of the Assets and Health Dynamics Among the Oldest Old Survey, we estimate a dynamic empirical model of health insurance coverage, long-term care arrangement, asset and gift behavior, and health transitions over time. Long-run simulations from the estimated model reveal that most Medicaid eligibility and generosity policy variables associated with nursing home services have no effect on Medicaid enrollment and asset behavior. Those policies related to home- and community-based services, however, have a significant but small influence.


Let $T$ be an algebraic torus defined over a global field $K$. In this paper, we relate the ad\'{e}le class group of $T$ to the Tamagawa number of $T$.


T   , Ireland was home to a large proportion of the British army. Although figures fluctuated considerably over time, up to , soldiers, or around one-seventh of the total strength of the force, were based in Ireland at any one time.1 Academic study of this sizable section of the Irish population has been limited, however.2 For most historians "the army" has simply supplied bit players to fill in the background to the rich tapestry of agrarian protest, political agitation, and sectarian conflict seen to characterize late Victorian Ireland.3 The few specific studies of the military in this period have tended to examine the army primarily in a political context. Virginia Crossman has argued that toward the end of the nineteenth century the army in Ireland was "sucked into the political morass" and became a "combatant as opposed to [a] mere auxiliary" in the conflicts between the majority nationalist


The selling price which determined by company depend on production cost which are
cost of direct material, cost of direct labor and cost of manufacture overhead. The global
crisis caused the production cost increased. The implication is the company has to
determine the change of selling price. Because of those problems, writers interested to
make some research about the influence of production cost to selling price in Mie Basah
Bali Super Company. This company used traditional method to determine the production
cost.In this final project, writers used the activity based costing (ABC) method to
determine the production cost. With this method, the company becomes smarter to
determine the production cost. The research method which been used in this final project
is descriptive method. The research been done deeply on the noodle production. The
data mining techniques which used are interview, direct observation to the company and
library survey.The result of the research based on the change of direct material cost and
the manufacture overhead which happen in two month on December 2008 and February
2009. It has been shown that with ABC method, the owner of the company is able to
determine the selling price smarter.


Gaudenzia is a drug rehabilitation facility that helps people affected by chemical dependency, mental illness, and other cooccurring illnesses to achieve a better quality of life, allowing them to live as productive and accountable individuals. This is accomplished through the Therapeutic Community treatment model, which utilizes comprehensive treatment and prevention methods, guided by a philosophy of mutual concern and responsibility, and peer-assisted recovery. People with Hope is a residential program for adults who have HIV/AIDS. Established in 1989, and one of a few programs of its kind in the US, the program provides 90 to 120 days of drug and alcohol treatment, medical care, seminars on HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections, and education on health services available in


This paper makes a summarization of common defects in the construction and acceptance of water supply and sewerage works for reference.


AIM
To provide sufficient information about the Manchester Patient Safety Framework (MaPSaF) to allow healthcare professionals to assess its potential usefulness.

BACKGROUND
The assessment of safety culture is an important aspect of risk management, and one in which there is increasing interest among healthcare organizations. Manchester Patient Safety Framework offers a theory-based framework for assessing safety culture, designed specifically for use in the NHS.

CONCLUSIONS
The framework covers multiple dimensions of safety culture, and five levels of safety culture development. This allows the generation of a profile of an organization's safety culture in terms of areas of relative strength and challenge, which can be used to identify focus issues for change and improvement.

IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT
Manchester Patient Safety Framework provides a useful method for engaging healthcare professionals in assessing and improving the safety culture in their organization, as part of a programme of risk management.


In order to ascertain the effects of the combined cycle situation on the fatigue life,the high and low combined cycle fatigue tests,high cycle fatigue tests and low cycle fatigue tests on titanium alloy TC11 were performed.The results indicate that the combined cycle loading degrades the fatigue resistance of TC11 related to low cycle or high cycle fatigue loading.The CCF life is highly effected by the mean stress σ_major and stress ratio R_minor of the minor stress cycles.Fractograph and macrograph of fracture aspects under different kinds of loadings were investigated using scanning electron microscope(SEM).The fractograph of CCF fracture surfaces obviously differs from that of high cycle fatigue fracture surfaces.The slippage due to low cycle is the main reason of reducing the CCF life.


This study examines how firms organize their product development collaborations, as well as what the spatial dimension of those collaboration efforts look like.First, an attempt is made to conceptualize innovation, collaboration, and space from a knowledge-based perspective.This theoretical study of the spatial dimension of interfirm collaboration is followed by a case study of the Knowledge Industry Clustering (KIC) project of Oce, a leading firm in the Dutch manufacturing industry.The empirical and theoretical outcomes are then considered in light of one another. The KIC project seems to have been structured around knowledge creation.The recognition of the importance of knowledge creation led Oce to appoint lead suppliers to run the various KIC clusters.In the clusters, too, knowledge creation was regarded as a key success factor.Second, the KIC project showed that companies were engaged in dependency relations even though their prior dealings were few.Apparently, traditional economic explanations do not adequately explain the impact of interfirm collaboration on knowledge creation.The outcomes of the project offer support to the thesis that proximity has a favorable impact on knowledge-creating efforts.Overall, the case study results are in agreement with the theoretical considerations of the knowledge-based perspective. (SAA)


Excited-state decay data from host–guest systems can be used to determine the rate constants of the processes associated with these compartmentalized systems; the implementation of compartmental analysis (originally developed for fluorescence decay data) when applied to triplet-state decays is discussed.


Background: One of the useful methods in heart surgery is Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG). Nevertheless, hospitalization and surgery are accompanied by a large amount of stress and anxiety for patients. Resilience is one of the related variables with threatening experiences and stressors. The aim of the present research was determining and comparing resilience in patients undergoing CABG and healthy subjects based on personal and hospital factors.Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, the statistical population included all patients undergoing CABG admitted to hospitals in Tehran in 2018. The research sample included 85 patients with CABG and 85 healthy subjects (total of 170 subjects), who were selected from Hazrat-e Rasoul-e Akram Hospital and Imam Khomeini Hospital. The Conner-Davidson Resilience Scale and a personal and hospital factors checklist were used to collect the data.Results: In this study, it was found that there was not a statistically meaningful difference between resilience distribution in CABG patients and healthy subjects (p≥0/05). Moreover, there was meaningful relationship between personal factors (age and occupation) and patients' resilience; also, there was no meaningful relationship between hospital factors and patients' resilience andin healthy subjects, the relationship between age and resilience was negative and meaningful, and between education and resilience was positive and meaningful.Conclusion: Resilience is a capacity and skill which can be trained and learned. Based on the results, people who are more knowledgeable have more chance to improve their resilience. Therefore, concentrating and emphasizing on patients' resilience deserves more attention.


The period of the 1960-s was difficult and controversial. Former allies of the anti-Hitler coalition turned to be on different sides of the acute ideological struggle which nearly led to the world war. Tremendous work was carried by artists, musicians who united disparate peoples into the community calling for the universal values. The central place in such the sphere of music belongs to one of the greatest composers of the 20 th century, Benjamin Britten. Together with the Soviet musicians he pushed the world back from the sharp ideological confrontation.


In Lisa Loomer's Bocón (Big Mouth), Miguel—a 12-year-old boy—has to travel north to the United States after witnessing soldiers arrest his parents. My reading of Bocón relies on asking how the process of holding on to intense loss may actually serve to counter the process of assimilation as a particular form of national integration. I then turn to Bocón as a dramatized rendition of one boy's journey in which the salient feature is the persistent deploying of an idyllic recollection of his parents—which constructs for him a reassuring point of ethical comparison by which to judge an impoverished present.


Transforming is not for those with weak stomachs. There is little that is simple or comes easy. But of all the undertakings, the privatization of state enterprises has probably been the most troublesome and the least successful. Except in the Czech Republic, privatization has generally proved the most successful and the least controversial reform when it has been a low priority and of a modest nature and the main emphasis has been on encouraging new start-up businesses. Thus, the transition process so far has produced the best economic results in China, where, despite calls for immediate privatization, little has been


Electric field effects on the thermal emission of traps in a diode have been studied. Calculations were performed and compared with experimental data on deep centers in GaAs. The results are consistent with a thermal equivalent of the optical Franz‐Keldysh effect.


A fully integrated low power transmitter for an IEEE 802.11b transceiver system is implemented in SMIC 0.18μm technology.The direct-conversion transmitter includes two Chebyshev I low pass filters,two PGAs,a SSB mixer,and a PA driver.The transmitter provides a gain control of 32dB in 3dB steps.The maximum output power is -3.4dBm and the EVM is 6.8%.The power consumption of the transmitter is only 57.6mW with a 1.8V power supply.The chip area of the transmitter is 1.6mm×1.6mm.


Objective To investigate the female prisoners' psychological health status,the coping style and the relevant affecting factors involved,providing a scientific basis for further psychological education.Methods The 1500 female prisoners of Shandong Female Prison were investigated with the Coping Style Questionnaire(CSQ),Symptom Checklist 90(SCL-90) and the General Status Questionnaire,with the relevant affecting factors analyzed.Results It was found that 1420 female criminals were analyzed,45.7% female prisoners had the psychological health problems,with 36.1% being medium or severe.Scores of all the factors were higher in prisoners than those in the normal controls.The differences were statistically significant(t1-t11=2.623-7.015,P1-P110.01).The psychological health status was positively correlative with factors like problem solving,illusion and help seeking(r=0.019-0.183,P0.05),and it was negatively correlative with factors like self-reproach,retreat and rationalization(P0.05).The primary factors of influence female criminals's psychological health status were the prison term and positively solution style(t=-2.729-4.510,P0.05).Conclusion The results indicate that the female criminals have obviously psychological problems.The psychological health status of female prisoners is correlative closed with the coping style.


In a living cell, a multiply damaged site in DNA is thought to be processed by several different pathways simultaneously or sequentially. Under this situation, the cellular response to the lesion cluster might depend on the order of repair processes because the configuration of the lesions will be modified by the reaction of initial repair protein, affecting the DNA-binding or lesion-excision activities of latter repair proteins. For example, a cluster comprised an AP site or SSB and base lesions is formed after one of the lesions in a base lesion cluster is excised by a glycosylase. It has been predicted that the enzymatic activity of a protein binding to a lesion could be affected by a second lesion located nearby. In the present study, we investigate whether initial base excision repair process affects secondary process on the clustered DNA damage site produced by high linear energy transfer irradiation. Plasmid DNA (pUC18) used as model DNA were irradiated in a solution (10 mM Tris and 1 mM EDTA) with C6+ ions (60 keV/µm) obtained from HIMAC (NIRS, Chiba, Japan) according to our previous method [ 1], or He2+ ions from TIARA (JAEA, Takasaki, Japan) in a fully hydrated film [ 2]. We used two base excision repair enzymes to examine the order effect of BER processes, Nth and Fpg, which convert pyrimidine and purine lesions to an SSB, respectively. After exposure, the sample was incubated with Nth (or Fpg) at 37°C for 30 min. Then, we added another enzyme Fpg (or Nth) and incubate for another 30 min. We also simultaneously treated the DNA sample with both enzymes for 1 h. After the incubation, the samples were analysed by agarose (1%) gel electrophoresis to determine the yield of conformational changes of the plasmid from closed circular form to open or linear form. These changes show productions of an enzymatically induced SSB (the former) or DSB (the latter). A typical example of the dependence of the loss of closed circular form DNA on radiation dose is shown in Fig. 1a for carbon ion irradiation. The reciprocal of the slope of each graph shows yield of prompt SSBs [n(SSB)prompt] for the sample without any enzymatic treatment, or [n(SSB)prompt] + enzymatically induced SSBs [n(SSB)Nth(or Fpg, or Nth+Fpg)]. The SSB yield for the sample treated with Nth first and then Fpg is very slightly less than that of other treatments (<10%). The dose responses of the linear form DNA production are shown in Fig. 1b. There were no significant differences among the enzymatic treatments. These results indicate that the configuration change of the cluster by the first enzymatic treatment does not significantly influence the activity of secondary enzyme. The most of base lesion clusters produced in the track of carbon ions might be converted to strand breaks, some of which form double-strand breaks (DSBs), by glycosylase activity in living cells. Fig. 1. Dependence of (a) the loss of closed-circular DNA and (b) the number of linear form DNA DSB determined from the fraction of the linear form of DNA, on carbon ion dose. The arrows indicate the order of the enzymatic treatments.


The G and S mill in Northborough, Massachusetts, produces small, industrial wood-burning furnaces with a tested combustion efficiency of 73-89%. Quality materials, such as 1/2 - 1 in. boiler plate and double walled fireboxes, cut radiation loss and improve combustion. Overall efficiency ranges from 61-71%. The furnace at the G and S plant, an old grist mill, is used to test fuel for potential customers. A thermostat in the living-office area of the mill controls the furnace and keeps the temperature at a steady level. The thermostat controls the stoker, feeding fuel and air into the firebox, calling for more fuel, or shutting down the fire. A storage bin holds a 10-day supply of wood chips. Furnace models include a series for green wood rated at 500,000 to 1.75 million Btu; the K series for dry wood rated at 500,000 to 2 million Btu; and the C model series, a compact version rated at 300,000 to 500,000 Btu


Most of the elastic materials in engineering are, with acceptable accuracy, considered as anisotropic materials; metal crystals (due to the symmetries of the lattice), fiber-reinforced composites, polycrystalline textured materials, biological tissues, rock structure etc. can be considered as orthotropic materials. In recent years fiber reinforced composite materials have been paid considerable attentions due to the search for materials of light weight, great strength and stiffness. Consequently the determination of their mechanical properties, i.e. stiffness effect, becomes important. Piezoelectric materials nowadays have been widely used to manufacture various sensors, conductors, actuators, and have been, extensively, applied in electronics, laser, ultrasonics, naval and space navigation as well as biologics, smart structures and many other high-tech areas. The wide-gap II-VI semiconductors, well known anisotropic materials used in high technology, have received much attention in the past decades since they have important applications in short-wavelength light-emitting diodes (LEDs), laser diodes and optical detectors (Okuyama, 1992). Moreover, semiconductor materials constitute today basic components of emitters and receivers in cellular, satellite, fiberglass communication, solar cells, and photovoltaic systems. Their electronic and structural properties of such systems are subject of considerable interest in nanotechnology as well. For the semiconductor compounds ZnX and CdX (X=S, Se, and Te), the zinc-blend structure (ZB) has the lowest minimum total energy. With respect to classical IIVI semiconductors, these semiconductor compounds have attracted much attention in recent years for their great potential in technological applications (Reich, 2005). They have a high melting point, high thermal conductivity, and large bulk modulus. The hardness and large bulk modulus of these anisotropic materials make them ideal protective coating materials in photovoltaic applications and in machine tools (Reich, 2005). These materials can, therefore, be used for optoelectric devices in which the availability of light sources in the mid-infrared spectral region is crucial for many applications, i. e., molecular spectroscopy and gas-sensor systems for environmental monitoring or medical diagnostics (Leitsmann et al., 2006). Being stable to high temperatures and can be made of sufficiently insulating allows precise measurements


Wireless Sensor networks (WSN) have been efficiently used in various industrial applications. Many protocols have been deployed in order to provide a more robust and efficient network. Deployment of WSN has covered various areas in concern[8] in the past including agriculture, military, environment monitoring, industrial and home automation and other detection and surveillance areas. Radiation monitoring is on such vulnerable area that has been considered when coming to industrial applications [4]. This paper includes the analysis of requirements for radiation monitoring, the designing challenges and current deployment strategies and future works.


Alboy with the typical clinical picture of CEP showed an unusual porphyrin pattern. In addition to the expected very high urinary excretion of uroporphyrin I and high no. of erythroblasts with nuclear fluorescence in bone marrow, he showed large amts. of uroporphyrin III and especially of a 7 carboxylic porphyrin of the ieomer III series in the urine. At 2 yrs of age the urine contained 11600 ug porphyrin per day, whereof 4330 μg uroporphyrin, 4330 μg 7 carboxylic porphyrin, 775 ug 6 carboxylic, 860 μg 5 carboxylic, 1270 μg coproporphyrin, and a small amt. of 3 carborylic porphyrin. Findings of increased amts. of protoporphyrin in plasma and feces are also at variance with the picture seen in classical CEP. These data indicate that we're dealing with a biochemically "new" type of CEP. Meticulous protection against light with wavelengths below 510 nm removed skin lesions and brought about an almost complete compensation of the hemolytic anemia. Under light protection the ratio porphyrinogen/porphyrin in urine was 80/HO;under incomplete light shielding 10/90. An important feature is thus the overproduction of porphyrinogen, which on light exposure in the skin is oxidized to porphyrin. Data seem to exclude that impaired activity of isomerase (uroporphyrinogen-III-cosynthetase) is the only or even the most important metabolic defect in this patient.


PURPOSE
We evaluated whether treatment with 6 months of androgen-suppression therapy (AST) and radiation therapy (RT) compared with RT was associated with the time to prostate-specific antigen (PSA) recurrence, prostate cancer-specific mortality (PCSM), and all-cause mortality (ACM) in men with a pretreatment PSA velocity more than 2 ng/mL/yr.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
The study cohort comprised 241 men with clinically localized or locally advanced prostate cancer treated with RT and AST or RT from 1989 to 2002. Cox regression and Gray's formulation were used to assess whether treatment was associated significantly with the time to PSA recurrence or ACM and PCSM, respectively, adjusting for known prognostic factors.

RESULTS
Despite the significantly longer median follow-up, younger age at diagnosis, higher proportion of Gleason score 7 to 10, and advanced T-category cancers, significantly lower estimates of PSA recurrence (P < .001), PCSM (P = .007), and ACM (P < .001) were observed in men who were treated using RT and AST compared with RT. Treatment with RT and AST compared with RT was associated with a longer time to PSA recurrence (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.22; 95% CI, 0.14 to 0.35; P < .001), PCSM (HR, 0.23, 95% CI, 0.09 to 0.64; P = .005), and ACM (HR, 0.30; 95% CI, 0.16 to 0.58; P < .001).

CONCLUSION
Treatment using 6 months of AST and RT compared with RT in men with a pretreatment PSA velocity greater than 2 ng/mL/yr was associated with a longer time to PSA recurrence, PCSM, and ACM.


The invention relates to a knitted-type compression item with a therapeutic and/or physiological effect, designed for facilitating the pulling-on thereof, with a high level of compression of more than 20mmHg, comprising a double-helix plated weft yarn with an elastomer core, especially elastane, over the entirety of the item produced. Said compression item is characterised in that the weft yarn count is between 750 and 1700 dTex, enabling, for the same classification, the production of an item having larger dimensions than a comparable item of the same category. The compression item is also characterised in that the dimensional elongation characteristics of the item its entire surface correspond to formula (I) where factor K is equal to 55 and expressed as formula (II), and in that the deformation of the item has an elongation coefficient in position and for the minimum application dimensions, of less than 25%.


The present article aims to analyze aspects related to presbycusis and unilateral sensorineural hearing loss. The problem question of this article can be defined as: what is the most effective method of rehabilitation of the individual with profound unilateral sensorineural hearing loss with preserved hearing in the contralateral ear, considering that the patient has a profound degree of hearing loss in the ear other, preserved hearing ?. The general objective of this article is to: suggest the most effective method of treatment, comparing the treatment of these patients with hearing aids and cochlear implant on the side of the loss, considered the extension of hearing loss. To suggest the most effective method of treatment, we opted for a bibliographic review of national and international studies on the subject. Considering the wide range of references associated with hearing loss, we chose to make a secondary analysis, with the data collected in previous research, especially contained in the Scielo, PubMed and related databases. As a limitation of the method employed, it is noted a certain impossibility to verify other factors that can be associated such as genetic diseases or harmful daily habits. As a result, it was concluded that Cochlear Implant (CI) is the most indicated method, since it presents significant responses in the evaluated users. Revista Científica Multidisciplinar Núcleo do Conhecimento RC: 12204 ISSN: 2448-0959 https://www.nucleodoconhecimento.com.br/health/hearing-loss


The vapor pressure over molten KH 2 PO 4 was measured by Raman spectroscopy to be about 8 bars at ~300 °C.  Raman spectroscopy shows that molten KH 2 PO 4 under its own vapor pressure contains much dissolved water.  It is demonstrated spectroscopically that water electrolysis is possible in KH 2 PO 4 electrolyte forming H 2 and O 2 at 300 °C.  Molten KH 2 PO 4 is a possible electrolyte for water electrolysis. Abstract A new potentially high-efficiency electrolyte for water electrolysis: molten monobasic potassium phosphate, KH 2 PO 4 or KDP has been investigated at temperatures ~275–325 °C. At these temperatures, KH 2 PO 4 was found to dissociate into H 2 O gas in equilibrium with a melt mixture of KH 2 PO 4 –K 2 H 2 P 2 O 7 –KPO 3 –H 2 O. The water vapor pressure above the melt, when contained in a closed ampoule, was determined quantitatively vs. temperature by use of Raman spectroscopy with methane or hydrogen gas as an internal calibration standard, using newly established relative ratios of Raman scattering cross sections of water and methane or hydrogen to be 0.40 ± 0.02 or 1.2 ± 0.03. At equilibrium the vapor pressure was much lower than the vapor pressure above liquid water at the same temperature. Electrolysis was realized by passing current through closed ampoules (vacuum sealed quartz glass electrolysis cells with platinum electrodes and the electrolyte melt). The formation of mixtures of hydrogen and oxygen gases as well as the water vapor was detected by Raman spectroscopy. In this way it was demonstrated that water is present in the new electrolyte: molten KH 2 PO 4 can be split by electrolysis via the reaction 2 H 2 O  2 H 2 + O 2 at temperatures ~275–325 °C. At these temperatures, before the start of the electrolysis, the KH 2 PO 4 melt gives off H 2 O gas that pressurizes the cell according to the following dissociations: 2 KH 2 PO 4  K 2 H 2 P 2 O 7 + H 2 O  2 KPO 3 + 2 H 2 O. The spectra show however that the water by virtue of hydrogen-bonding has a high affinity for remaining in the melt. The formed hydrogen and oxygen gasses were detected by means of the characteristic Raman gas-phase spectra.


This paper describes the learning module of the Expert System BIMBO, devoted to the task or understanding continuous speech. Learning is performed in presence of uncertainty and of errors in the data and in the general knowledge. Both learning from samples and by interaction with a human expert are allowed. The system performs constructive generalization and uses a rormal definition of equivalence between groups of rules in order to automatically build up a multilevel partitioned network of production rules. Consistency of the learned knowledge base is checked in a semi-automatical way, according to given consistency criteria. Once the system has built up its initial knowledge, incremental learning is performed, by analyzing the outcomes of the system runs or by trying to insert new knowledge the human expert want to add. The learning module or the system is implemented in Franz Lisp on a VAX-11/780.


The virtualization based on containers is a technological approach in building nowadays information systems. This approach provides a platform for various operating system services not only in the cloud but also in the local enterprise environment. This facilitates the creation of multiple containers on a single physical machine in the form of hypervisors. To accommodate many microservices, the technology is a model that consists of various operations performed by deployed services. Thus, the demand for low-overhead virtualization technology is growing rapidly. There are many easy virtualization technologies; Docker is one of them, which is an open source platform. This technology allows developers and system administrators to create, build, and run programs with minimal resources involved. This approach has become an integral part of the new development culture (DevOps).


At the beginning of the 20th century, a literary movement called "the revolution of the novel world" opened the first page of the history of the Chinese novel. The formal suggestion of this slogan was pre s e n t e d only in 1902 by Liang Qichao梁啓超's Lun xiaoshuo yu qunzhi zhi guanxi 論 小說與郡治之關係 (A Discussion of the Relation between the Novel and the Politics by the people) . H o w e v e r, the introduction of foreign novels to the literary world, the emphasis on the social value of novel, the insistence of 'the neo-novel新小說,' and so on before and after 1898, the year of Wuxu, can be seen as a prelude to the revolution of the novel world. It might be said that Wu x u b i a n f a戊戌變法 placed such writers as Kang Yo u w e i康有爲 and Liang Qichao on the stage of politics and the neonovel on the stage of literature . Those who played an active role, during the transition period of c e n t u r y, had a sense of hope as strong as a 'century-consciousness.' The term 'the 20th century' could be found in their discussions on literature . For example, such statements as "the 20th century is the year of the development of novels," "the opening of the 20th century is the origin of the development of novels in our country, " and so on, were suff i c i e n t 4 4


A number of wholly aromatic copolyamides containing bridged biphenylylene groups were synthesized from a mixture of aromatic diamines and terephthaloyl chloride, on one hand, and from a mixture of aromatic diacid dichlorides and 1,4-phenylenediamine, on the other hand. Each mixture of diamines and of diacid dichlorides was constituted of a phenylene derivative and a bridged biphenylylene derivative. The copolyamides synthesized were dissolved in high concentration sulfuric acid and spun into fibers. The fibers spun showed fairly high tensile strengths and high initial moduli, but annealing caused further increase in strength and modulus. All the copolyamides studied had very high thermal resistances.


Two amylase-producing bacteria strains named Bacillus thuringiensis TKFW r8 and Bacillus subtilis TKFW 10004,and two protease-producing bacteria strains named Bacillus cereus.Frankland TWKF 11014 and Bacillus nattoTWKF 11002,were screened from 27 strains of the laboratory tested strains according to the principle of the enzyme good production and no antagonism.The 4 strains,Saccharomyces cerevisiae(Saccharomyces cerevisiae Hansen,TKFW 13024) and Lactobacillus(Lactobacillus plantarum,TWKF 12006) were combined to deal with Kitchen waste in spring.Results showed kitchen waste smelled wine fragrance without foul odour,It indicated that the kitchen waste in situ treatment had certain reduction effect and avoided the secondary pollution.To ensure biosafety of the strains,the unknown strain named TKFW r8 was identified to be Bacillus thuringiensis with 16S rDNA sequence analysis.


Today's open source android smartphone package is adept of executing the multifarious and enormous application that will increase the installation of various applications with increase in probability of installation of malware application. The behaviour pattern of android is represented by the requested permission of application. System explores the simplest way to discover malware application supported requested permission by the application. Detection of malware application is completed in 2 steps; start is to choosing representative features by applying the FAST algorithm. Whereas representative feature is extracted permissions, requested within the application. In second step classification of application is completed as a malware or benign application victimisation support vector machine (SVM). Using fast and SVM algorithms system will discriminate android application as malware conjointly enrich the performance of malware detection system.