Why does social class continue to exercise so important an influence on health? We examine the explanatory framework provided by the Black Report on 'Inequalities in Health'. We also examine a new medical theory, praised as representing a paradigmatic shift in medicine, developed by the British epidemiologist David Barker. The answers given by Black and Barker to the above question are related. And both are riddled with problems. The typology of four explanations introduced by Black reveals a number of unspoken sociological assumptions. The typology is sometimes obscuring, sometimes not helpful. The favoured explanation is also ambiguous, particularly since there is no clear idea about how poverty is translated into disease in modern society. Barker's theory that disease results from poverty-driven 'biological programming' in foetus, or in infancy, moves the focus of explanation back to the social conditions that existed when the generations now living were born. The link between childhood conditions and adult health, however, need not be biological in character. We suggest an alternative interpretation based on studying health inequalities across the life cycle and in their historical context. Co-evolution of health and social ABSTRACT Why does social class continue to exercise so important an influence on health? We examine the explanatory framework provided by the Black Report on 'Inequalities in Health'. We also examine a new medical theory, praised as representing a paradigmatic shift in medicine, developed by the British epidemiologist David Barker. The answers given by Black and Barker to the above question are related. And both are riddled with problems. The typology of four explanations introduced by Black reveals a number of unspoken sociological assumptions. The typology is sometimes obscuring, sometimes not helpful. The favoured explanation is also ambiguous, particularly since there is no clear idea about how poverty is translated into disease in modern society. Barker's theory that disease results from poverty-driven 'biological programming' in foetus, or in infancy, moves the focus of explanation back to the social conditions that existed when the generations now living were born. The link between childhood conditions and adult health, however, need not be biological in character. We suggest an alternative interpretation based on studying health inequalities across the life cycle and in their historical context. Co-evolution of health and social ABSTRACT Why does social class continue to exercise so important an influence on health? We examine the explanatory framework provided by the Black Report on 'Inequalities in Health'. We also examine a new medical theory, praised as representing a paradigmatic shift in medicine, developed by the British epidemiologist David Barker. The answers given by Black and Barker to the above question are related. And both are riddled with problems. The typology of four explanations introduced by Black reveals a number of unspoken sociological assumptions. The typology is sometimes obscuring, sometimes not helpful. The favoured explanation is also ambiguous, particularly since there is no clear idea about how poverty is translated into disease in modern society. Barker's theory that disease results from poverty-driven 'biological programming' in foetus, or in infancy, moves the focus of explanation back to the social conditions that existed when the generations now living were born. The link between childhood conditions and adult health, however, need not be biological in character. We suggest an alternative interpretation based on studying health inequalities across the life cycle and in their historical context. Co-evolution of health and social


Abstract Miyake et al. (2012, 2013, 2014) described a sudden increase of radiocarbon (14C) concentration in annual tree rings of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) and Hinoki cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa) between AD 774 and 775 and between AD 993 and 994. In both analyzed periods, the sudden increase was observed almost in a single year. The increase in the 14C content was about 12‰ in the period AD 774–775 (Miyake et al. 2012) and about 11.3‰ in the period AD 993–994 (Miyake et al. 2013, 2014; Fogtmann-Schultz et al. 2017; Rakowski et al. 2018). A similar increase was observed in 660 BC, with a peak height of about 10‰ (Park et al. 2017). Single-year samples of dendrochronologically dated tree rings of deciduous oak (Quercus robur) from Grabie, a village near Krakow (SE Poland), spanning the years 670–652 BC, were collected and their 14C content was measured using an AMS technique. The results clearly show a rapid increase in the 14C concentration in tree rings around 660 BC similar to this observed in Park et al. (2017).


In order for ATSC DTV receivers to operate properly, the PSIP/PSI data in the broadcast stream must be correct, complete, and internally consistent. This paper describes a graphical approach to showing the interrelationships among the PSIP/PSI tables in a DTV broadcast stream and highlighting any inconsistencies. Key aspects of this approach are: (1) the use of color coding to provide an "at a glance" indication of which table sets have problems, (2) the use of color coding to highlight relationships among tables, (3) the use of color coding to highlight relationships between tables and the corresponding entries in an electronic program guide display, (4) the use of color coded "pseudotables" to indicate graphically any missing tables. INTRODUCTION TO PSIP/PSI A digital television (DTV) broadcast stream consists of a sequence of MPEG-2 transport stream packets, each of which is 188 bytes long, with a 4-byte header and a 184-byte payload. The broadcast stream may contain multiple virtual channels. Some of these may be video channels, which contain a video stream and possibly one or more audio and/or data streams. Some may be audio channels, which contain at least one audio stream and possibly additional audio and/or data streams. Some may be data channels, which just contain one or more data streams. In the header of each transport stream packet there is a PID (packet identifier) field that identifies which stream that packet belongs to. For example, a video channel might have one PID for video, another PID for English-language audio, and another PID for Spanish-language audio, etc. The sequence of packets with a given PID value is often called a PID stream. A DTV broadcast stream also contains metadata that describe the virtual channels in the broadcast and the programming in those virtual channels. For ATSC DTV broadcasts these metadata are defined in the MPEG-2 Systems Standard and the ATSC PSIP Standard. The PSI (Program Specific Information) tables defined in the MPEG-2 Systems Standard provide very basic information about the virtual channels and their components. However, receivers need the more complete information provided by the PSIP (Program and System Information Protocol) tables defined in the ATSC PSIP Standard in order to provide the tuning, branding and program promotion features that are key elements of the digital television viewing experience. Tuning The PSI tables and the PSIP tables both list the virtual channels in the broadcast stream, identify the PID streams that make up each virtual channel, and give some basic information about these PID streams, such as the type of each stream (video, audio, or data). They also give the language of the audio streams, so that a receiver can select the language stream that matches the viewer preferences, as specified by the user during the set-up of the receiver. The PSIP tables provide additional, critical information about closed caption services and content advisory ratings (so-called "V-chip" ratings), so that the receiver can select the closed caption service that matches the viewer preferences, and can decide which channels the viewer is allowed to tune to. Branding The PSIP tables carry information that allows viewers to select virtual channels by virtual channel number, rather than physical broadcast band. The virtual channel number is a two-part number, containing a major channel number and a minor channel number, and the broadcaster's analog channel number is used as the major channel number. This arrangement allows broadcasters to preserve their investment in branding their analog TV channel number. The PSIP tables also carry a short channel name, up to seven characters long, that will typically be displayed by receivers on the screen for several seconds when a viewer selects the channel. It will also be used along with the virtual channel number to identify the channel in the receiver's on-screen electronic program guide (EPG), thereby helping broadcasters leverage their investment in branding their call letters. Promotion The PSIP tables include brief information about each event (TV program) in the broadcast stream, such as the event title, start time, duration, closed caption indicator, stereo/surround indicator, and content advisory rating. They can also include extended text descriptions of each event and each virtual channel. Typically the brief information about the current event will be displayed by DTV receivers for a few seconds when a viewer switches to a new channel, and will be available on demand via a button on the remote control. It will also be displayed in the EPG. The more detailed


Friction stir spot welding (FSSW) is a recent welding method which takes advantage of being performed in the solid state and presents many benefits such as a lower heat‐input, a reduction of residual stresses and an elimination of the solidification defects for example. The present study investigates, for fixed process parameters and tool geometry, the fracture and damage of a single‐lap friction stir spot welding joints formed from thin sheets of aluminum alloy 6082 T6. An experimental approach was carried out in order to analyze the sequence of damage mechanisms using acoustic emission (A.E.) and measurement of fields by digital image correlation (D.I.C.) techniques simultaneously. The A.E. technique allows the monitoring of the evolution of acoustic activities by taking into account energy of the events. The D.I.C. technique confirms the damage scenarios after the treatment of strain field at any point near the fastener and especially between the exit hole and the shoulder footprint. The coupling of th...


The exact mechanism for the decrease in intestinal calcium absorption with age is not yet understood. A decrease with age in serum 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) or a decrease in the intestinal vitamin D receptor (VDR) protein concentration are possible causes. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of age on these factors. Fifty‐nine young women age 25–35 years were compared with 41 elderly women age 65–83 years who underwent measurements of VDR, calcium absorption using a 20 mg and 100 mg calcium carrier, and calciotropic hormones. Calcium absorption by both tests was lower in the elderly women compared with the young women (p < 0.05). Serum 1,25(OH)2D and duodenal VDR protein concentration were not significantly different between the two age groups. Serum 1,25(OH)2D correlated with the 20 mg calcium absorption test in both young (r = 0.35, p < 0.007) and elderly women (r = 0.58, p < 0.0001) and with the 100 mg calcium absorption in the elderly (r = 0.32; p < 0.05). VDR did not correlate with calcium absorption in young women or elderly women, nor did VDR correlate with serum 1,25(OH)2D and serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D. In summary, the decrease in calcium absorption cannot be explained by a decrease in intestinal VDR. The correlation between serum 1,25(OH)2D and both calcium absorption tests only accounts for 12–30% of the variance in the age‐related change in the calcium absorption tests. Other factors, not yet understood, are responsible for the decline in calcium absorption with age.


A seller introduces a novel product to an unfamiliar market. The seller sets a price and chooses how much information to disclose about the product to a representative buyer, who may incur a search cost to discover an outside option. The buyer knows her outside option distribution, but the seller knows only its mean and an upper bound on its support, and evaluates any selling strategy by its guaranteed profit. The robustly optimal strategy balances the trade-off between demand and surplus extraction: information design can boost demand by deterring the buyer's search, but this requires providing her with a high payoff via a low price. I find that full disclosure is optimal only when the search cost is high, and different kinds of partial disclosure policies are optimal for lower search costs. Perhaps surprisingly, the price is not monotone in the search cost. These results shed light on the large variations in information disclosure policies among new products, and suggest that technological advancements that reduce search costs may increase prices and make information provision noisier. ∗Arizona State University, Email: email@example.com I am indebted to Hector Chade for his continuing guidance, encouragement, and support, and I am grateful to Mark Whitmeyer for numerous stimulating conversations and insightful suggestions. I would like to thank Dan Bernhardt, Zach Bethune, Nina Bobkova, Jaroslav Borovička, Jesse Bull, Albin Erlanson, Yuhta Ishii, Navin Kartik, Kyungmin (Teddy) Kim, Tomas Larroucau, Fernando Leiva Bertran, Yue Li, SurajMalladi, Alejandro Manelli, Marcel Pruess, Eddie Schlee, Siyu Shi, Eran Shmaya, Ludvig Sinander, Junze Sun, Ina Taneva, Galina Vereshchagina, Renkun Yang, Xiangqian Yang, Ziwei Wang, Nathan Yoder, John Zhu, and especially Andreas Kleiner, as well as the audience at Arizona, ASU, Andrés Bello, Dongbei, ESSEC, Georgia, HKU, Jinan, Queensland, Stony Brook, the 2022 Stony Brook International Conference on Game Theory, and SEA 92nd Annual Meeting for their helpful comments and suggestions. All errors are my own.


Phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) was critical for many plant growth and developmental processesincluding seed maturation, germination and response to environmental factors. With the purpose to detectthe possible ABA related signal transduction pathways, we tried to isolate ABA-regulated genes throughcDNA macroarray technology using ABA-treated rice seedling as materials (under treatment for 2, 4, 8 and12 h). Of 6144 cDNA clones tested, 37 differential clones showing induction or suppression for at least onetime, were isolated. Of them 30 and 7 were up- or down-regulated respectively. Sequence analyses revealedthat the putative encoded proteins were involved in different possible processes, including transcription,metabolism and resistance, photosynthesis, signal transduction, and seed maturation. 6 cDNA clones werefound to encode proteins with unknown functions. Regulation by ABA of 7 selected clones relating to signaltransduction or metabolism was confirmed by reverse transcription PCR. In addition, some clones werefurther shown to be regulated by other plant growth regulators including auxin and brassinosteroid, which,however, indicated the complicated interactions of plant hormones. Possible signal transduction pathwaysinvolved in ABA were discussed.


By utilizing the solutions of an auxiliary ordinary differential equation introduced in this paper, we present a simple and direct method to uniformly construct the exact solitary wave solutions for sine–Gordon type equations. As illustrative examples, the exact solitary wave solutions of some physically significant sine–Gordon type equations, including the sine–Gordon equation, double sine–Gordon equation and mKdV–sine–Gordon equation, are investigated by means of this method.


MS/MS spectroscopy allowed us to determine the mechanism of the acidic opening of diepomuricanin A, by analysis of the product distribution after treatment with H218O in the presence of HClO4 in anhydrous acetone.


COVID‐19 has a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations associated with the host immune response heterogeneity. Despite the advances in COVID‐19 research, it is still crucial to seek a panel of molecular markers that enable accurate stratification of COVID‐19 patients. Here, we performed a study that combined analysis of blood transcriptome, demographic data, clinical aspects and laboratory findings from 66 participants classified into different degrees of COVID‐19 severity and healthy subjects. We identified a perturbation in blood‐leukocyte transcriptional profile associated with COVID‐19 aggravation, which was mainly related to processes that disfavoured lymphocyte activation and favoured neutrophil activation. This transcriptional profile stratified patients according to COVID‐19 severity. Hence, it enabled identification of a turning point in transcriptional dynamics that distinguished disease outcomes and non‐hospitalized from hospitalized moderate patients. Central genes of this unique neutrophil signature were S100A9, ANXA3, CEACAM6, VNN1, OLFM4, IL1R2, TCN1 and CD177. Our study indicates the molecular changes that are linked with the differing clinical aspects presented by humans when suffering from COVID‐19, which involve neutrophil activation.


Cannabis, or ''marijuana,'' has been employed in various forms throughout the millennia for both symptomatic and prophylactic treatment of migraine. This document examines its history of medicinal use by smoking and other methods in ancient cultures, including the Chinese, Indian, Egyptian, Assyrian, Greek and Roman, as well as in the Islamic world, and its subsequent adoption by Renaissance and Industrial Age Europeans. The most prominent physicians of the age in the century between 1842 and 1942 preferred cannabis to other preparations in migraine treatment, and it remained part of Western pharmacopoeias for this indication throughout the period. The writings of this era are examined in great detail in an effort to emphasize useful medical documentation that has subsequently been forgotten.


of a dissertation at the University of Miami. Dissertation supervised by Professor Elizabeth Harry. No. of pages in text. (203) Despite the reform efforts and progress of teacher education programs to better equip teachers to teach in urban settings, research continues to report a pressing need for high quality teachers who understand the need for culturally responsive teaching. Faced with the tremendous structural forces working against historically underserved students, scholars and researchers expect teacher education to address inequalities through the promotion of multicultural education coursework and student-teaching placements in urban settings where student-teachers can gain experience with culturally diverse students. This qualitative study used interviews and observations to trace study four participants' perceptions about their student-teaching experience as it unfolded in inclusive, urban classrooms and their opportunities to learn within this context. Qualitative methods using inductive and deductive approaches were used to analyze the data. The inductive aspects were investigated using a grounded theory approach. DarlingHammond and Bransford's (2005) model was used as a frame for exploring the role that the student-teaching experience has in preparing student-teachers to become change agents, equipped to work with diverse students, in urban, high-needs schools. The Darling-Hammond framework was also used for the deductive analysis of the data. The inductive and deductive analysis revealed the strengths and challenges of the studentteachers experience in navigating the constraints of their urban, high-needs school.


Abstract Oxide bifilms often appear to be linked with the dispersed type of porosity observed in longer freezing range aluminium alloys. Although measures exist to help prevent the inadvertent incorporation and subsequent unfurling of these bifilms into potential pores, little information would seem to be available specific to feeder design for this class of alloys. This is in contrast to the information available concerning the design of feeding systems for short freezing range alloys, in particular low carbon steels, where macroscale shrinkage is liable to occur. The various measures required regarding solidification order, required feeder volume, range of feeding action are plentiful for this second class of alloys and are more than adequately covered by Campbell's feeding rules. The present study attempts to draw together facts that might help to better quantify the necessary guidelines for long feeding freezing range aluminium alloys.


Intersection is an important component of the urban transport network, in where traffic congestion usually takes place. One of the key to solve urban transport problems is to organize the traffic in the intersection reasonably and effectively. This paper does research on a specific single intersection, using the video traffic data collection technology, considering signal cycle and phase time which are decided by a real-time traffic flow. The paper developed a self-adaptive timing model on the single target constraint to reduce intersection delay. The model is carried out through fuzzy-genetic algorithm. Matlab simulation analysis and a series of comparison show that the methods of optimization models and genetic algorithm are effective and feasible.


The spatio‐temporal freshwater river run‐off pattern from individual basins, including their run‐off magnitude and change (1979/1980–2013/2014), was simulated for the Andes Cordillera west of the Continental Divide in an effort to understand run‐off variations and freshwater fluxes to adjacent fjords, Pacific Ocean, and Drake Passage. The modelling tool SnowModel/HydroFlow was applied to simulate river run‐off at 3‐h intervals to resolve the diurnal cycle and at 4‐km horizontal grid increments using atmospheric forcing from NASA Modern‐Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) data sets. Simulated river run‐off hydrographs were verified against independent observed hydrographs. For the domain, 86% of the simulated run‐off originated from rain, 12% from snowmelt, and 2% from ice melt, whereas for Chile, the water‐source distribution was 69, 24, and 7%, respectively. Along the Andes Cordillera, the 35‐year mean basin outlet‐specific run‐off (L s−1 km−2) showed a characteristic regional hourglass shape pattern with highest run‐off in both Colombia and Ecuador and in Patagonia, and lowest run‐off in the Atacama Desert area. An Empirical Orthogonal Function analysis identified correlations between the spatio‐temporal pattern of run‐off and flux to the El Niño Southern Oscillation Index and to the Pacific Decadal Oscillation.


Specification and working point of linear accelerators reaches the limit for the niobium cavities from a physical and metallurgical point of view. From literature it is known, that increased level of interstitial impurities and the presence of residual stresses after the final heat treatment can cause a severe degradation of the RRR value. The possible influence of different impurity levels on the RRR value were calculated and discussed with regard to the current material specification for the XFEL project. For verification the results were compared with measured values from a melted niobium ingot. Sheet sections from one production lot, with RRR-values in the range of 360 to 430, have been analysed in the scanning electron microscope (SEM) utilizing EBSD (Electron backscattered diffraction) to study the scattering of the crystallographic texture. The scatter of grain size, hardness and texture are in a typical range and in agreement with results from literature. Measured gas contents and RRR values on bulk niobium are in good agreement with the material specification. An influence of the observed texture variation on the RRR-value wasn't observable.


Abstract Some of the physical properties of castor nut were studied, namely: shape, size, surface area, angle of repose, static coefficient of friction and the behaviour of the nut under compressive loading. Representative samples of plant material were collected from three varieties. The results of the investigation show that the frequency distribution of the size, shape and contact area for nuts of each variety follow a normal distribution curve. The angle of repose of the nut ranges between 25 and 29°. Castor nut Evahura had the highest value of angle of repose. The hardness values for the nuts were 23·6, 25·6 and 70·9 kN/m 2 for castor nut Ojji, Evahura and Asbowu varieties, respectively. The coefficient of sliding friction for each variety of nuts showed varying values on different structural surfaces.


This article, from an exposition in a round table can be considered as a provocation to think the role of the geography, as a science able to serve to dismask the reality, but also to hide certain masks. In this sense, coming from a living reality in the state Acre, we see a conception of possible dialogues that slant this dialogue, possibiliting the origin of alienating practises. From this we point the possibility of a scientific praxis as a science of denunciation and of the realizable purposes.
Key Words: Geography. Time. Space. Culture. Productions. Dialogues. Alienation. Libertation.


Abstract The impact of the compensator's location along the optical fiber on a variation of four-wave mixing power penalty is investigated theoretically and numerically for dispersion-managed fibers in wavelength division multiplexing systems. The power penalty is analyzed for fibers with different attenuation coefficients and lengths, and the optimum positions for the compensator along the fiber is discussed in cases of both dispersion compensation of each fiber section between two amplifiers and whole-compensation.


A rapid powdered-milk preparing component comprising a milk bottle (1), a powdered-milk cartridge (2), and an insertion plate (3). The upper part of the powdered-milk cartridge (2) can be fittingly connected with a teat, while the lower part is threadedly connected with a milk bottle mouth (11) via a detachably connected second connection part (22). The second connection part (22) is provided thereon with an insertion plate opening (221) for insertion of the insertion plate (3) and with an opening (222) for supporting the insertion plate (3). When the insertion plate (3) is inserted, a support leg (31) of the insertion plate (3) is inserted into the opening (222), thereby supporting the insertion plate (3), thus allowing the upper surface of the insertion plate (3) to be tightly abutted against a lower part port of the powdered-milk cartridge (2) and to form a movable cartridge bottom of the powdered-milk cartridge (2). When the milk bottle (1) is connected with the powdered-milk cartridge (2), the milk bottle (1) can be rotated toward the direction of the powdered-milk cartridge (2) until the mouth (11) is tightly abutted against the lower surface of the insertion plate (3). When the insertion plate (3) is pulled out, the milk bottle (1) can continue to be rotated toward the direction of the powdered-milk cartridge (2) until the mouth (11) of the milk bottle (1) is abutted against the lower part port of the powdered-milk cartridge (2), thus allowing the connection between the milk bottle (1) and the powdered-milk cartridge (2) to be sealed and insulated from the exterior. The powdered-milk preparing component has simple and convenient steps when preparing powdered milk, allows for rapid completion of powdered-milk preparing, and is particularly suitable for preparing powdered-milk during nighttime.


The authors are concerned with the problem of pricing the services provided by the clearing banks in the UK. Using group interviews, consumer attitudes to and perceptions of banking services are examined. Conclusions are drawn about the different benefits consumers receive from using banks and suggestions are made as to how these could be used as a basis for consumer‐orientated pricing policy.


V. E. Thelin: The manually operated substations now in operation on railway systems in large cities offer a wonderful field for the use of automatic equipment, due to the fact that the line losses can be reduced considerably, schedule speeds increased, and in many cases sufficient copper can be taken down to pay for the cost of the land and new buildings as well as that of moving the machines. If the manually operated substations, which have a capacity of from 4000 to 20,000 kw., are redistributed into any number of single-unit or, at the most, two-unit automatically controlled substations, the service rendered by same no doubt will be far superior to that now obtained in the manually operated substations, due to the fact that each operation in the automatic substation has been worked out beforehand and the entire sequence is carried through without any hesitancy or error such as frequently happens to the operator in manually controlled stations. In the large manually operated substations with many units it is necessary to clear the board of practically all the feeder sections before the first rotary can be connected to the bus, whereas a single-unit automatic substation will have a maximum of say from five to eight feeders, and there should be no difficulty experienced in the station picking up all the sections simultaneously. It is possible, through the use of special devices which I have in mind, to isolate each substation district from all other districts, and by using automatic reclosing circuit breakers service can be restored quickly, whereas if all substations were tied together through bus lines the first station to be connected to the system would open up an overload through excess of load fed from the surrounding substation districts through the bus lines.


Aim: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of the Equia Forte Coat on the color stability of Equia Forte Fil. Materials and Methods: Sixty discs of Equia Forte Fil were randomly divided into two groups. One group of 30 samples was treated with Equia Forte Coat according to the manufacturer's directions. The other 30 discs were not coated. All discs were continuously soaked in cola for 7 consecutive days. The color changes in the Equia Forte Fil samples were determined using a colorimeter. The color difference (△E) was calculated using the Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage L*a*b* coordinates. Results: There was a significant difference in ΔE between the two groups (P < 0.0001). The group with Equia Forte Coat had significantly less color change than the group without the Equia Forte Coat. Conclusion: The application of the Equia Forte Coat significantly improved the color stability of Equia Forte Fil.


Impossibility of simultaneous time and frequency compactness is a well known theorem occurring in several introductory texts on Signal and Systems. A proof of the theorem is however left to an advanced discussion on Fourier analysis. This paper presents a lucid proof of the same, employing simple properties of the Fourier transform.


A protecting group-inserted alcohol or its derivative is provided to perform silylation of alcohol at room temperature by increasing reaction activity using transition metal catalyst and acid catalyst, and perform introduction of natural compounds or heat-susceptible organic function groups effectively. A protecting group-inserted alcohol or its derivative induces O-silylation of alcohol or its derivative by reacting alcohol or its derivative with vinyl represented by the formula(1) or its derivative in the presence of transition catalyst, acid catalyst and organic solvent at 0-40 deg.C, wherein R1 to R4 are each independently optionally substituted H or alkyl group; R5 is optionally substituted alkyl or cycloalkyl group, optionally substituted aromatic or hetero aromatic, optionally substituted halogen, azide, amine, ketone, ether, amide, ester, triazol or isocyanate; n is an integer from 1 to 3; the transition metal catalyst is rhodium or iridium; the acid is HCl, HBr or HI; and the organic solvent is toluene, benzene, methylene chloride, chloroform, THF(tetrahydrofuran) or dimethylacetamide(DMA).


: A robust and scalable formal [4 + 3] annulation reaction for the synthesis of optically pure 1,4-benzodiazepinones and 1,4-benzoxazepinones has been established by a combined catalytic system consisting of a chiral NHC, a chiral Ir/phosphine-ole fi n complex, and an achiral urea, enabling the asymmetric synthesis of a selective inhibitor of mitochondrial F 1 F 0 ATP hydrolase.


Marine aquaculture industry has brought about great economic benefit,but it also causes environmental pollution in near shore and bay area. At present, a large number of cage culture on the sea block water flow,and the relict remain diet and feces deposit on the sea bottom, which results in deterioration ofsediment and high sulphide content beyond the standard.


Recent interest in the possible non–trivial topology of the Universe, and the resulting analysis of the Laplacian eigenproblem, has prompted a reprise of calculations done by ourselves some time ago. The mode problem on the fixed–point–free factored 3–sphere, S 3 / Γ, is re–addressed and applied to some field theory calculations for massless fields of spin 0, 1/2 and 1. In particular the degeneracies on the factors, including lens spaces, are rederived more neatly in a geometric fashion. Likewise, the vacuum energies are re-evaluated by an improved technique and expressed in terms of the polyhedrally invariant polynomial degrees, being thus valid for all cases without angle substitution. An alternative, but equivalent expression is given employing the cyclic decomposition of Γ. The scalar functional determinants are also determined. As a bonus, the spectral asymmetry function, η ( s ) is treated by the same approach and explicit forms are given for η ( − 2 n ) on one–sided lens spaces.


METHOD FOR CONTROLLING POWER THERMAL INCINERATEUR RUBBISH AND INSTALLATION FOR IMPLEMENTING THE PROCESS. IS SENT FROM A HOPPER 6 COAL IN PARTICLE 0 6MM INSIDE THE HOME OF iNCINERATOR 5 1 OVER THE CONTENTS 4 IN COMBUSTION TUBING 19 FUNCTION OF DESIRE OR FLOW OF HOT WATER VAPOR, SO THE oBTAINED PRODUCTION AFFRANCHIE REGULAR VOLUME AND CAPACITY HEATING GARBAGE BRULEES.


ABSTRACT Cetostearyl alcohol has been incorporated into cosmetic or pharmaceutial emulsions to give them an appropriate consistency and a long term stability. It is well known that cetostearyl alcohol forms a gel phase with a nonionic surfactant in an aqueous system, and the properties of the gel phase depend on several factors such as the ratio of fatty alcohols. The aim of the present paper is to investigate the effect of the structural difference of the lipophilic part of surfactants on the stability of the gel phase in the nonionic surfactant / cetostearyl alcohol / water ternary systems using differential scanning calorimeter. It is concluded that the gel phase formed by the surfactant having the bended alkyl chain is more unstable than that formed by the case of


According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus (1) for a threaded fastener, comprising: an inner sleeve member (100), the inner sleeve member having an inner threaded engagement with the fastener surface and a tapered outer surface; and an outer sleeve member (200), the outer sleeve member having a reverse tapered inner surface that can engage with the outer tapered surface of the rotating inner sleeve member within the inverted cone. Advantageously, the present invention is capable of increasing the bearing surface area between the inner sleeve holding member (100) and an outer sleeve member (200), without increasing the overall diameter of the device (1); a carrier capable of three-dimensional surface area, instead of the normal two-dimensional plane; can be more efficient and uniform distribution of the stress load on the bearing surface area; to have a higher torsional strength; and the apparatus can have a smaller mass, size, and volume.


The high-strength steel is widely used in the hydropower industry,and its strength is increasingly high. In the manufacturing of the Quitaracsa unit exported to Peru,the Q690D high strength low alloy quenched steel was used,and the parameters selection,test summaries,test results and manufacturing technology were summarized in the welding of the Q690D high strength quenched steel,it can provide useful reference for the welding technology for similar products.


Thermoelectric properties of p-type polycrystalline (Bi_(1-x)Sb_x)₂Te₃ (0.75 ≤ x ≤ 0.85), fabricated by mechanical alloying and hot pressing, were investigated as a function of the Sb₂Te₃ content and the amount of excess Te addition. The effect of a reduction treatment in Hz atmosphere on thermoelectric properties of (Bi_(1-x)Sb_x)₂Te₃ was also studied. Among (Bi_(1-x)Sb_x)₂Te₃ fabricated by mechanical alloying. (Bi_(0.2)Sb_(0.8))₂Te₃ exhibited the highest figure-of-merit of 2.98×10³/K. When (Bi_(1-x)Sb_x)₂Te₃ powders were reduction-treated in H₂ atmosphere, the Seebeck coefficient and electrical resistivity decreased due to the removal of the oxide layer on the powder surface. With the reduction treatment, the figure-of-merits of (Bi_(0.25)Sb_(0.75))₂Te₃ (Bi_(0.2)Sb_(0.8))₂Te₃, (Bi_(0.15)Sb_(0.85))₂Te₃ were changed from 2.76×10^(-3)/K to 2.79×10^(-3)/K, from 2.98×10^(-3)/K to 2.80×10^-3/K, and from 2.78×10^(-3)/K to 1.81×10^(-3)/K, respectively. When 1.0 wt% excess Te-doped (Bi_(0.2)Sb_(0.8))₂Te₃ powders were reduction-treated, a Figure-of-merit of 3.33×10^(-3)/K was obtained.


The new combination Cleistocalyx nervosum (DC.) A. J. G. H. Kostermans var. paniala (Roxburgh) J. Parnell & P. Chantaranothai is made. A new combination in Cleistocalyx is necessary to validate our forthcoming account of the Myrta- ceae of Thailand.


PURPOSE: To obtain a nearly new amide derivative having pharmacological action such as antagonistic action on tachykinin, especially antagonistic action on substance P, neurokinins A and B, its optical isomer and their salts. CONSTITUTION: The objective tachykinin antagonistic agent comprises an amide derivative of formula I [R 1 is H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, etc.; R 2 is alkyl, A-R 5 (A is single bond or alkylene; R 5 is phenyl, etc.) or formula II or III (X is N or CH; R 6 is H, lower alkyl, phenyl or aralkyl); R 3 is H or formula IV (R 7 is alkyl, phenyl, etc.); R 4 is benzyl, benzhydryl, phenyl, etc.], its optical isomer and their salts, especially among them, a new amide derivative of formula V (R 9 is same as R 3 with conditions attached), its optical isomer and their salts (e.g. N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-L-phenylalanine) as an active ingredient. This compound of formula I is obtained by reacting, e.g. a compound of formula VI or its reactive derivative with a compound of formula VII. This antagonistic agent is effective in treating respiratory diseases, ophthalmopathy, dermatopathy, etc. COPYRIGHT: (C)1993,JPO&Japio


Comprehension of computer programs is daunting, due in part to clutter in the software developer's visual environment and the need for frequent visual context changes. Previous research has shown that nonspeech sound can be useful in understanding the runtime behavior of a program. We explore the viability and advantages of using nonspeech sound in an ecological framework to help understand the static structure of software. We describe a novel concept for auditory display of program elements in which sounds indicate characteristics and relationships among a Java program's classes, interfaces, and methods. An empirical study employing this concept was used to evaluate 24 sighted software professionals and students performing maintenance-oriented tasks using a 2×2 crossover. Viability is strong for differentiation and characterization of software entities, less so for identification. The results suggest that sonification can be advantageous under certain conditions, though they do not indicate the overall advantage of using sound in terms of task duration at a 5% level of significance. The results uncover other findings such as differences in comprehension strategy based on the available tool environment. The participants reported enthusiasm for the idea of software sonification, mitigated by lack of familiarity with the concept and the brittleness of the tool. Limitations of the present research include restriction to particular types of comprehension tasks, a single sound mapping, a single programming language, and limited training time, but the use of sound in program comprehension shows sufficient promise for continued research.


This article describes the collection of materials in Dutch language held at the Za'ba Memorial Library, University of Malaya. The collection comprises 2000 items covering the history, culture, arts, literature and languages of the Malay Archipelago.


Cannabis is the most widely used illicit drug in the developed world and dependence rates  in some  regions have shown dramatic  increases  recently.   Controlled  laboratory studies have  demonstrated  that  chronic  exposure  to  cannabis  can  result  in  tolerance  to  select  acute effects  and  that  a  valid  withdrawal  syndrome  can  occur  following  abrupt  discontinuation. Clinical  surveys  also  indicate  that  heavy  cannabis  use  can  be  associated with  a  number  of psychosocial problems typical of drug‐use disorders (e.g. loss of controlled use, negative health consequences).  The failure of behavioral treatments for cannabis use problems to achieve high rates  of  success  suggests  that  adjunct  pharmacotherapies may  be  needed  for  those  seeking treatment for cannabis dependence.   Of several candidate medications examined  in  laboratory experiments to date, oral administration of the CB1 agonist dronabinol (THC) appears to have the most therapeutic potential.  The advantages and limitations of an agonist pharmacotherapy approach  to  treating  cannabis dependence will be discussed.    In  addition,  comments will be made  regarding  the  risk  for  dependence  developing  in  patients  who  chronically  use cannabinoids in the treatment of other medical disorders.


In this work we prove some results on the algebraicity of special L-values attached to Hermitian modular forms. Our work is based on techniques developed by Goro Shimura in his book "Arithmeticity in the Theory of Automorphic Forms", and our results are in some cases complementary to results obtained previously by Michael Harris on the same question.


At variance with previous ion cyclotron resonance(i.c.r.) evidence, gaseous phenylium ion, from the β-decay of tritiated benzene, has been found to react efficiently with acetylene at relatively high pressure (100 Torr), a result which is of interest to the chemistry of soot formation in fuel-rich acetylenic flames.


There is an increasing adoption of Service-oriented architecture (SOA) to develop interoperable open platforms that integrate heterogeneous information systems in healthcare. One of the challenging tasks in the SOA design is the identification of web services to be implemented, that is usually based on business process modelling. This paper presents a comprehensive and consistent methodology able to detect all functional requirements and web services based on the analysis of case stories built using semi-structured interviews to the different stakeholders involved in the care process. These narrative descriptions are the starting point to define a formal pictorial representation using the Unified Modelling Language (UML) use case and sequence diagrams that allow analysts and programmers to identify web services to be implemented to support the communication between subjects (patient, providers) and objects (device, systems) in real-life contexts. This methodology has been adopted within the Health@Home project that provides a technological and organizational solution to support both citizens and organizations in the provision of health and social services in the home setting.


Abstract: Purpose: This study aims to empirically examine the effect of gender diversity and risk disclosure on investment. Research Methodology: The population in this study are companies listed on the Jakarta Islamic Index 70 (JII 70) during the 2018-2020 research period which has a population of 41 companies using annual financial reports and annual reports in a row for 3 years so that the sample used is 123 sample data. This research was conducted using descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression with a 95% confidence level with secondary data collection methods and purposive sampling using the SPSS version 25 measurement program. Result: The test results and discussion prove that the independent variable Risk Disclosure has an influence on investment efficiency. The independent variable Gender Diversity has no effect on Investment Efficiency. Limitation: The limitations of the study were that there were only 2 X variables and only examined companies listed in JII 70. Contribution: Provides the benefit of knowledge about how the influence of gender diversity and risk disclosure can affect investment efficiency. Keywords: 1. Overinvestment 2. Underinvestment 3. Gender Diversity 4. Risk Disclosure 5. Investment Efficiency


Combined with the pile foundation work project of WANHAO commercial square,it introduces the characteristics of PHC pipe pile and represents the static pressure construction method with PHC pipe pile in detail.At last the matters need attention in construction and the quality management of pile are discussed.This will generalize this technique.


The Congress was held at the site of the World Gliding Championships in Uvalde TX USA during August 2012.  Here summaries of all events can be found; from the opening ceremony to the closing dinner.


e24109 Background: The incidence of irinotecan-induced diarrhea varies between 60-90%, by which the incidence of severe diarrhea is 20-40%. The objective of this phase III trial was to determine the effectiveness of the probiotic mixture containing Bifidobacterium, BB-12 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus, LGG in the prophylaxis of irinotecan-induced diarrhea in metastatic colorectal cancer patients due to a reduction in the activity of intestinal beta-D-glucuronidase. Methods: From March 2016 to May 2022, a total of 242 patients with colorectal cancer starting a new line of irinotecan-based therapy were registered to the study in 11 cancer centers in Slovakia. Patients were randomized in a ratio 1:1 to probiotic formula vs. placebo that was administered for 6 weeks. Each capsule of Probio-Tec BG-Vcap-6.5 contained 2.7x109colony-forming units (CFU) of 2 lyophilized probiotic strains Bifidobacterium, BB-12 (50%) and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, LGG (50%). Results: Administration of probiotics compared to placebo was not associated with a significant reduction of grade 3/4 diarrhea (placebo arm 11.8% vs. probiotic arm 7.9%, p = 0.38). Neither the overall incidence of diarrhea (46.2% vs. 41.2%, p = 0.51) nor the incidence of enterocolitis (3.4% vs. 0.9%, p = 0.37) was different in the placebo vs. probiotic arm. Subgroup analysis revealed that patients with colostomy had higher incidence of any diarrhea and grade 3/4 diarrhea in the placebo arm compared to the probiotic arm (48.5% vs. 22.2%, p = 0.06 and 15.2% vs. 0%, p = 0.06, respectively). Moreover,patients on probiotic arm had significantly better diarrhea-free survival (HR = 0.41, 95%CI 0.18 – 0.95, p = 0.05) and needed less loperamide (p = 0.01) compared to patients on placebo arm. We did not observe any infection caused by probiotic strains used in this study. Conclusions: This study failed to achieve its primary endpoint, and results suggest a lack of benefit of administered probiotic formula for the prevention of irinotecan-induced diarrhea. However, subgroup analysis suggests a possible benefit in patients with colostomy. Clinical trial information: NCT02819960 .


Defective bearings are the source of vibrations in machines. Due to constructional features of bearing, they generate vibrations. As the condition of bearings changes during use, the nature of vibrations also changes and it has a definite characteristics depending upon the cause. This characteristic feature of bearing makes them suitable for vibration monitoring. This is a review paper for fault detection technique in rolling element bearing, it covers rolling element bearing components and its geometry, bearing failure modes, bearing condition monitoring techniques, time domain and frequency domain techniques.


Abstract: 3-Arylindolizines were prepared by one-pot domino re-actions from benzyl halides with pyridine (or isoquinoline) and cy-clic or acyclic dihalide-substituted electron-deficient alkenes in thepresence of potassium carbonate via in situ generated N-ylide inter-mediate. Both electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groupsare tolerated in the aryl ring of benzyl halides. The yields rangefrom moderate to high. Key words: N-ylides, indolizine polycycles, 1,3-dipolar cycloaddi-tions, one-pot reaction, electron-deficient alkenes Indolizine has been drawing continuous research interestof synthetic chemists because of the presence of this skel-eton in many natural products 1,2 such as amorine, 1 eryth-raline, 1 swainonine, 1 slaframine, 1 crepidine, 1 gephyro-toxine, 1 cryptowoline, 2 and cryptowoline. 2 These naturalproducts and many synthetic indolizine derivatives exhib-it a variety of biological activities, such as antibacterial, 3a phosphatase and aromatase inhibiting, 3b,c antioxidant,


The data acquisition with Indoor Mobile Laser Scanners (IMLS) is quick, low-cost and accurate for indoor 3D modeling. Besides a point cloud, an IMLS also provides the trajectory of the mobile scanner. We analyze this trajectory jointly with the point cloud to support the labeling of noisy, highly reflected and cluttered points in indoor scenes. An adjacency-graph-based method is presented for detecting and labeling of permanent structures, such as walls, floors, ceilings, and stairs. Through occlusion reasoning and the use of the trajectory as a set of scanner positions, gaps are discriminated from real openings in the data. Furthermore, a voxel-based method is applied for labeling of navigable space and separating them from obstacles. The results show that 80% of the doors and 85% of the rooms are correctly detected, and most of the walls and openings are reconstructed. The experimental outcomes indicate that the trajectory of MLS systems plays an essential role in the understanding of indoor scenes.


Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first identified in Wuhan, China and has since become a pandemic. Thailand's first lockdown started in the middle of March 2020, restricting anthropogenic activities and inter-provincial traffic. There are few studies on the association between nitrogen dioxide (NO2) levels and human activity, primarily because of the difficulty in identifying the changes in anthropogenic activities at a high geographical resolution. Here, we have highlighted satellite-based nighttime light (NTL) as an indicator of anthropogenic activities and investigated the relationship between NTL and reductions in NO2 levels during Thailand's first lockdown in 2020. We applied geographically weighted regression (GWR) to analyze the regional relationship between NTL and changes in NO2 levels during the first lockdown. Sentinel-5 Precursor satellite observation indicated that the NO2 levels decreased by 10.36% compared with those of the same period in 2019. The level of NTL decreased in most urban and built-up (31.66%) categories. According to GWR results, NTL and NO2 levels represent a positive local correlation around the country's central, western, and northern parts and negative correlations in the peripheral regions. These findings imply that NTL observations can be used to monitor changes in NO2 levels caused by urban anthropogenic activities.


The study investigates commercially available negative ion clothing, and evaluations are made using gamma-ray spectroscopy and Geant4 Monte Carlo simulations. Observed to contain naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM), evaluations are made of the radiological risk arising from the use of these as items of everyday wear, undergarments in particular. Organ doses from these were simulated using the MIRD5 mathematical female phantom, with the incorporation of dose conversion factors (DCFs). At 175 ± 26, 1732 ± 247, and 207 ± 38 Bq, for 238U, 232Th, and 40K respectively, item code S05 was found to possess the greatest activity, while item code S07 was shown to have the least activity, at 2 ± 0.5 and 15 ± 2 Bq, and again for 238U and 232Th, respectively. Sample code S11 recorded least activity, at 29 ± 5 Bq, for 40K. Among the clothing items, sample item code S05 offered the greatest concentrations of Th, U and Zr, with percentage means of 1.23 ± 0.1, 0.045 ± 0.001, and 1.29 ± 0.1, respectively, giving rise to an annual effective dose of 1.57 mSv/y assuming a nominal wearing period of 24 h per day. Accordingly, the annual public dose limit of 1 mSv can be exceeded by their use.


Graphs can represent information transformation via geometrical relations, which have been well studied and applied in various research areas. A graph-based learning network named Graph Neural Network (GNN) arose with the vast development of deep learning in recent years. Unlike traditional deep learning networks such as CNN and RNN, GNN is superior in dealing with non-Euclidean graph data. This survey focuses on two widespread application fields of GNN, natural language processing (NLP) and computer vision (CV). Firstly, based on the tasks they perform, we categorize the most popular research sub-domains of NLP and CV, purpose a detailed review on the application of GNN in these areas. Secondly, we thoroughly analyzed the benchmark datasets applied in the GNN models while comparing them with different evaluation metrics. Finally, we briefly discuss the potential future direction of GNN according to its model building procedure and related application branches.


Abstract This article deals with detection and accommodation of sensor faults in longitudinal dynamics of an F8 aircraft model. Both the detection of the fault and reconfiguration of the failed sensor are done with the help of neural network-based models. Detection of a sensor fault is done with the help of knowledge-based neural network fault detection (KBNNFD). Apart from KBNNFD, another neural network model is developed in this article for the reconfiguration of the failed sensor. A model-based approach of the neural network (MBNN) is developed, which uses the radial basis function of the neural network. MBNN successfully does the task of providing analytical redundancy for the aircraft sensor. In this work, both detection and reconfiguration of a fault is done using neural networks. Hence, the control system becomes robust for handling sensor failures near steady state and reconfiguration is also faster. A generalized regression neural network (GRNN), which is a type of radial basis network, is used for MBNN, which gives very efficient results for function approximation. An F8 aircraft model and C-Star controller, which improves its handling quality, are used for validation of the method involved. Models of F8 aircraft, C-Star controller, KBNNFD, and MBNN were developed using MATLAB/Simulink. Successful implementation and simulation results are shown and discussed using Simulink.


SUMMARY Statistical methods are described in detail for the calculating and comparing of cross-infection rates. In addition the use of these rates has been extended to study the influence of age and of different virus types on susceptibility to cross-infection in children's wards.


Introduction: Postpartum hemorrhage mostly due to uterine atony is responsible for about a third of maternal deaths. The present study is an attempt to compare the efficacy of i.v oxytocin and sublingual misoprostol for prevent of PPH. Our aims and objectives were to find out the efficacy of misoprostol for prevention of primary post partum haemorrhage in comparison with oxytocin and to find out its safety, side effects and acceptability. Materials and methods: The open label randomized clinical trial included total of 800 antenatal patients meeting the eligibility criteria .The patients were randomly assigned to receive either Oxytocin (10 U im ) or Misoprostol (400 mcg sublingual ) within 1 minute of delivery.If bleeding was >500 ml or placenta was not separated by 30 minutes , active management of PPH was done medical or surgical means as required.Patients were keenly monitored for 24 hours. Analysis of the data revealed that both groups were compared with respect to the basic demographic parameters. Results: Most of the patients in both did not have tachycardia and were normotensive although those in oxytocin group leaned more towards lower normal range .Pallor and icterus were equally prevalent in either groups.Incidence of retained placenta was 9 (2.25%) cases in misoprostol group and 6 (1.5%) in oxytocin group.(p=0.182). Incidence of PPH in misoprostol group was 7.5% and 5.25% in oxytocin group.The difference was not statistically significant.Severe PPH was noted in 4% patients in misoprostol group and 2.25% patients in oxytocin group (statistically not significant ;p= 0.329). Comparison of average blood loss in both groups showed 387±191.91 mL (misoprostol group) vs 386.03±149.23 mL (oxytocin group). The difference was not significant (p=0.937). Conclusion: Our study established that both misoprostol and oxytocin are equally effective in prevention of primary PPH due to uterine atony.


We developed the singular function boundary integral method for solving a 3-D Laplacian problem with an edge singularity. As in the case of 2-D problems, the solution is approximated by the leading terms of the local asymptotic solution expansion which are also used to weigh the governing equation in the Galerkin sense. The resulting discretised equations are reduced to boundary integrals by means of the divergence theorem. The Dirichlet boundary conditions are then weakly enforced by means of Lagrange multipliers. The values of the latter are calculated together with the so-called edge flux intensity functions, which appear in the local asymptotic solution. Our preliminary numerical results compare favourably with available post-processed finite element results for the same model problem.


Gold nanoparticles that are protected by permeable silica membranes preserve the optical properties of the nanoparticle core in harsh environments without sacrificing enhanced spectroscopic detection. Reproducible and quantitative detection using SERS will be demonstrated.


The economic forestry root grows deeply vertically and also distributes widely horizontally.However,the irrigation water of surface point-source drip irrigation could not infiltrate into the layer that the most effective roots distribute in.Also,the issue of emitter clogging impedes the traditional subsurface drip irrigation development.To transport the irrigation water to the root-zone precisely,the subsurface drip irrigation equipment is developed and its benefits are analyzed,including the characteristics of anti-clogging,easy maintenance and the theory of multi-variable technologies.The improvements in technologies and benefit of the surface drip irrigation are compared with the subsurface single source drip irrigation.It is confirmed by different irrigation experiments that the three kinds of irrigation methods,including drip irrigation,single source and multi-source root-zone drip irrigation,could enhance the yield by 10 375,12 445 and 12 530 kg/hm2 more than that without irrigation.In addition,the water use efficiency(WUE) of drip irrigation,single or multiple source subsurface irrigation is enhanced by 50%,57.1% and 58.8%,respectively.And the net income of single or multiple source subsurface irrigation is enhanced by 10 958 and 13 550 Yuan/hm2 than that of surface irrigation.Finally,the depreciation periods of surface and subsurface drip irrigation are 8 and 12 years,respectively.


Fluid intelligence describes the ability to think abstract, to adapt to new situations and to solve unknown problems. It is important for learning as well as for academic and professional success. Working memory is characterized as a cognitive system, that saves information over a short period of time in spite of possible distractions. Moreover, working memory is able to assess the relevance of information while requirements change. Effective implicit training is able to increase the working memory capacity. Furthermore it was shown that working memory training may also cause transfer effects to higher cognitive abilitys such as fluid intelligence. To clarify the underlying processes of this transfer, various transfer models were presented, which either accentuate the relevance of processing speed, executive functions or short time memory. The purpose of this survey was to confirm tansfer effects of working memory training to different cognitive abilities and, on the other hand, to investigate the mechanism of the transfer according to the proposed transfer models. 30 healthy subjects [age 22-30 years] participated in the study and were randomly assigned to either training or control group. The training group practiced an adaptive N-back working memory task for four weeks. Before, after one week and after four weeks of the training, a range of neuropsychological tasks was performed by the participants, testing for different cognitive abilities. Relative to the control group that did not participate in the training, transfer effects to processing speed, executive functions and fluid intelligence tasks have been found. Additionally, the training resulted in a significant shortening of reaction time. In summary, the present study demonstrates that complex cognitive abilities can be improved through effective working memory training. The question on which cognitive mechanisms the transfer is based could not be answered definitively by this study. The results suggest that the adaptive working memory training has led mainly to faster basal cognitive processes, which in turn resulted in a faster processing of intelligence tests.


FASTCAMAC is a high speed block transfer protocol with data rates up to twenty times faster than normal CAMAC. FASTCAMAC is compatible with the CAMAC data acquisition standard. The new protocol is presented as a short tutorial for the data acquisition user. Emphasis is on FASTCAMAC as an extension to CAMAC with discussion of compatibility, performance and system aspects.


Ingestible wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) is the one and only painless, effective, novel, diagnostic technology for inspecting the entire gastrointestinal (GI) tract for various diseases, such as obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OGIB), tumors, cancer, Crohn's disease, and celiac disease. Since the development of this technology, several companies have made remarkable improvements in their clinical products, but there are still some limitations that relate to the use of conventional wired endoscopy. Some of the major limitations that currently impede its wider application include its inability to repeat the view of critical areas, working time constraints, and poor image resolution. Many research groups currently are working on ways to solve these limitations. Presently, developing the ability to control the movement of the capsule, increasing its image transmission speed, and obtaining high-quality images are the main issues in the research area. A complex capsule with some therapeutic tools for the treatment of diseases of the GI tract also is at the beginning of development for the next generation of an active medical robot. In this paper, we report the status of several activities related to WCE, including improvement of capsule technology, research progress, technical challenges, and key indicators concerning the next-generation, active, medical robot.


In this paper, the characterization of the EMC conducted emissions of integrated circuits under different temperature stress condition, up to 3 GHz is presented. The impact of high temperature has been measured on the input impedance of propagation paths of the electromagnetic conducted emissions, as well as on the electromagnetic noise of a clock generator.


Introduction: The Political Life and the Socratic Education PART I: THE KINGSHIP OF CYRUS 1. 'The Godlike King' (Book One) PART II: THE KINGSHIP OF KLEARCHOS 2. 'The Pious King' (Book Two) PART III: THE KINGSHIP OF XENOPHON 'The Socratic King' (Books Three through Seven) 3. Book Three: Piety 4. Book Four: Courage 5. Book Five: Justice 6. Book Six: Gratitude 7. Book Seven: The Love of the Soldier (PHILOSTRATI?T?S) Conclusion: The Argument of the Anabasis of Cyrus


To ensure the quality of the Ph.D. research the Department introduced a special procedure for periodic evaluation: after a period of nine months the potential Ph.D. candidates are asked to present their research design, theoretical framework and methodological approach to the members of the Department and to an external review, drawn up by the professors of the Department and by external reviewer. Depending on the assessment of the review group, the candidates will have the opportunity to continue their research at the Department. In the mean time the (public) review sessions developed into an important element for the scientific debate of the Department. The sessions became a meeting point for the whole Department to discuss new research issues and new methodological approaches and to develop new research collaborations. In this framework the external members of the review group are playing an important role. Their critics form a mirror for the scientific standards of the Department as well as for the scientific (and social) relevancy of the research issues. With the publication of the this book we want to offer to a broader public the opportunity to deal with this debate. The different contributions are based on the papers the Ph.D. candidates prepared for the reviews and have been updatedas a result of the remarks of the peer group and the discussion during the review sessions. As a result the contributions are reflecting the ongoing efforts to redefine the discipline of urbanism under globally changing conditions. The review sessions of the department started in 2004. This book presents the results of the sessions that took place late 2007 and throughout much of 2008.


Human health and environmental concerns have led to the eventual phase-out of benomyl (Benlate) and vinclozolin (Ronilan), two efficaceous, broad spectrum fungicides widely used on a range of crops, including snap beans. With fewer registered fungicides available for mold control, snap bean growers are in need of alternatives. We compared six foliar fungicides against Ronilan for gray (Botrytis cinerea) and white (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) mold control on snap bean pods in New York, using data collected over three consecutive years. Ronilan gave the best overall mold control and highest yields of healthy pods. Trifloxystrobin (Flint), iprodione (Rovral), and cyprodinil plus fludioxonil (Switch) gave gray mold control comparable to that obtained with Ronilan. Switch and Rovral significantly reduced the incidence of white mold on pods, but were not as effective as Ronilan. Thiophanate-methyl (Topsin M) was as effective as Ronilan in controlling white mold on pods. Switch was the most promising alternative to Ronilan for controlling both gray and white mold on pods and for increasing marketable yield. A combination of Rovral and Topsin M may also be an effective alternative to Ronilan.


The family Psychodidae (Diptera: Nematocera) are small flies with short, hairy bodies and wings that give them a moth-like appearance. Mexican amber yield to date twelve fossil psychodid all from Oligocene-Miocene Simojovel deposits. This chapter describes a new fossil psychodine fly from Totolapa a recently rediscovered deposit. This fossil corresponds to the second species belonging to the fossil genus Succinarisemus . The chapter also provides palaeobiogeographical data of Succinarisemus totolapensis sp. n. along with images. Succinarisemus totolapensis sp. n. presents a lot of similar features with S. scheveni , but differs from the latter by its male genitalia structure and in its incomplete eyebridge. Finally it concludes that the discovery of the species in the Mexican amber indicates that this genus was spread and living in the central America-Caribbean area during the Oligo-Miocene and increases our knowledge about palaeobio-diversity of psychodids. Keywords:Diptera; Mexican amber; Nematocera; psychodid fly; Psychodidae; Succinarisemus totolapensis


Taʿalumot ḥoḵmah (Puzzles of wisdom), composed by Moses ben Judah Galeano around the year 1500, is one of the most idiosyncratic and historically interesting specimens of Hebrew scientific literature.1 The book, written in Hebrew, survives in a unique manuscript, Cambridge University Library Add. 511,1. The author was a Jewish polymath who had close connections at the court of Bayazid II (1481– 1512); his Taʿalumot reveals much about science at the court of that ruler. Galeano has left us works in Hebrew and Arabic on logic and astronomy in addition to the Taʿalumot. The last-named work, which furnishes the subject matter for this paper, presents itself as a catalogue of errors. Organized in ten sections, which the author labels ḥadarim 'chambers', each section groups together examples of similar errors of reasoning from different fields of knowledge: religion (including law, interpretation of scripture, and polemics), mechanics (or machinations; see below), medicine, astronomy, and astrology. Generally, Galeano begins each "chamber" with an explanation in logical terms of the error involved; this "fallacy" becomes the organizing principle of the


Parenting children is always a challenging process, and parenting a young child with special needs presents extra challenges. This book offers an insight into how disability impacts on the normal stages of child development during the first five years. Placing the child and his or her personality, family life, feelings and behaviours at the centre of the book, Bartram addresses all the 'ordinary' challenges and tasks of parenting, such as sibling relationships, nursery and school, toilet training, and healthy aggression, as well as those that are of particular relevance to the parents of young children with special needs. This accessible book provides a wealth of information to help the parent of a young child with special needs, and is also of interest to professionals working with babies and pre-school children with special needs. Book jacket.


The analysis results of perfluorinated acids (PFAs) in dewatered waste sewage sludges collected from the Yangtze River Delta Areas indicated that the total PFAs concentrations ranged from 122 to 1098 ng/g, while trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and pentafluoropropionic acid (PFPrA, except for S13, in which was not detected) were generally the two predominant PFAs in sewage sludges and their concentrations were in the range of 107-562 ng/g and 4.41-395 ng/g, accounted 12%-93% and 0.7%-61% for the total PFAs concentrations, respectively. These data strongly indicated that ultra-short-chain PFAs such as TFA and PFPrA should be included in future environmental monitoring efforts. Although the levels of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) were not only lower than ultra-short-chain TFA and PFPrA, but also lower than some median- and long-chain PFAs in some individual cases, PFOA and PFOS were still the major pollutants in most cases and their concentrations were 2.78-66.9 ng/g and 1.27-80.4 ng/g, and they constituted 0.7%-8.8% and 1%-20% of the total PFAs, respectively. Although the detection rates of perfluoroalkylcarboxylates (PFCAs) were generally as high as 92.3%-100%, the detection rates of perfluoroalkylsulfonates (PFSAs) such as perfluorobutanesulfonic acid (PFBS) and perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS) were very low (15.4% and 7.8%, respectively). However, the detection rates of the other PFSAs, PFOS, were up to 100%. In addition, the PFAs levels and fate could be seriously impacted by the treatment technologies during wastewater treatment; the possible reasons for these phenomena included the differences of adsorption potential by the sludge produced during corresponding treatment process and/or the differences of production potential from their precursors during different wastewater treatment processes.


This paper addresses factors underlying public opinion regarding offshore wind and tidal power projects based on a questionnaire survey, and interviews with local stakeholders and residents near a floating offshore wind pilot project and proposed commercial level offshore wind and tidal energy projects off the Goto city, Nagasaki prefecture in Japan. Further, this survey evaluated the stakeholder preference of possible co-benefit sharing and co-existence options which would increase the total local benefits using the Dempster Shafer Analytical Hierarchy Process (DS-AHP), a multi-criteria decision making model. The quantitative results of the questionnaire survey was backed by the qualitative reasoning which was extracted from the key informant interviews. Over 90% of the sample showed a reasonable knowledge about the on-going Marine Renewable Energy (MRE) projects in their area and indicated their support towards the development of the MRE sector. Impacts to the marine environment, impacts to the other marine users such as fisheries and tourism industry, job creation and economic impacts have been found to be frequently mentioned underlying factors for their acceptability decision. Among the supporters, 69.8% opted not to change their decision even after explaining potential negative impacts. Tidal generators showed a higher acceptability over wind turbines which is also explained by the reduction of the support with the visibility from the shore. Among the proposed co-existent strategies 'using local resources to construct and operate the power plant' and 'using MRE structures to support local fisheries' showed a relatively higher preference.


The plating bath for depositing a Sn-Bi alloy having a pH value of 2.0 to 9.0 and comprising: Bi Sn at least one complexing agent (I) selected from the group consisting aliphatic of (a) dicarboxylic acids having alkyl groups of 1 - 3 carbon atoms, (b) aliphatic hydroxymonocarboxylic acids having alkyl groups of 1 - 3 carbon atoms, (c) aliphatic hydroxypolycarboxylic acids having alkyl groups of 1 - 4 carbon atoms, (d) monosaccharides, partially oxidized monosaccharides and their cyclic Esterverbindungen and (e) condensed phosphoric acids; and at least one complexing agent (II) selected from the group consisting of (s) ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), (t), nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) and (u) trans-1,2-cyclohexanediaminetetraacetic acid (CyDTA); wherein the concentration ratio of chelating agent (II) (mol / l) / Bi


11 years old-Hyperlipidemia in obese and normal weight female school children 9 , 11 years old-Hyperlipidemia in obese and normal weight female school children 9 , بانک اطلاعاتی جامع اطلاع رسانی پایان نامه های کشور


This article is intended to deepen the figure of the wounded horse as a symbol of universal suffering. The steps, Crime and Punishment of Fyodor Dostoevsky are considered, in which the protagonist Raskolnikov sees in a dream a farmer who wounds a small horse to death. This part of the novel refers to the poem by Nekrasov "before the Shummer", which Dostoevsky quotes in the novel. Through the networks of symbolic references Dostoevsky carries the poetry of the social Nekrasov into a metaphysical dimension, in which the suffering of a horse becomes a metaphor for the suffering of innocent and unavenged children, a theme that Ivan Karamazov encounters in the novel the brothers Karamazov. In the third case, in the poem "La cavallina storna" by the Italian poet Giovanni Pascoli, the horse is a silent witness to the pain of the father's death, the suffering that puts everything, animals, people, things.


The alloying reaction of silicon with lithium in negative electrodes for lithium‐ion batteries causes brutal morphological changes that severely degrade their cyclability. In this study, the dynamics of their expansion and contraction, of their cracking in the bulk and of their debonding at the interface with the current collector are visualized by in situ synchrotron X‐ray computed tomography and quantified from appropriate 3D imaging analyses. Two electrodes made with same silicon material having reasonable particle size distribution from an applied point of view are compared: one fabricated according to a standard process and the other one prepared with a maturation step, which consists in storing the electrode in a humid atmosphere for a few days before drying and cell assembly. All morphological degradations are significantly restrained for the matured electrode, confirming the great efficiency of this maturation step to produce a more ductile and resilient electrode architecture, which is at the origin of the major improvement in their cyclability.


In our contribution we present the project "English Language Skills Development for the staff at the Technical University of Liberec" introduced in the Czech Republic in 2011. When preparing it, we followed the key principles stated in the strategic documents of the EU and the CR relevant for the lifelong learning process, namely the Integrated Action Programme in Lifelong Learning 2007-2013 and the National Strategic Framework for the CR 2007-2013. The project's target group consists of our employees, who are able to contribute towards the materialisation of the planned university study reforms. The main objectives have been to increase investment into human resources, to develop language skills and to introduce innovated teaching methods, which can become a source of inspiration for teachers of not only linguistic disciplines. Within the Czech educational system, language competence and ICT skills have been recognised as a component making graduates more marketable, flexible and adaptable. Simultaneously, this area has been highlighted as a weakness of our educational process. Thus, it is necessary to address it with introducing appropriate learning activities for the staff since many of them had not received the relevant training during their previous studies. We believe that learner support through a rich and supportive environment is the best way to nurture language learning. With this in mind, we decided to integrate classroom teaching where we follow the core textbooks face2face from CUP and on-line learning in the LMS Moodle. The educators responsible for the project are actively involved in the development of content for face to face and on-line delivery underpinned by the appropriate, sound methodology. The learning support environment is developed in-house and complemented by professional materials available on the Internet and via the Macmillan English Campus, for which access has been provided for a major part of the project duration.


New information technologies promise to enhance engineering instruction by facilitating the learning process. A preliminary study examines the use of a tablet PC as a presentation platform for problem-solving methodologies used in a fourth year Mechanical Engineering class of 50 students. Typical presentation methods used in largescale classroom settings can inhibit students' ability to follow their instructor's thought process because either the format is too small to be viewed effectively by the entire class as in the case of whiteboards, or too static to illustrate the problem-solving process as in the case of overhead projection of transparencies or prepared Powerpoint slides. Tablet PCs connected to large-screen projection systems offer one solution for presenting material in a large-scale format while maintaining a dynamic presentation. We evaluate the potential of this classroom technology by considering both an instructional point of view and a learning point of view. In terms of instruction, the pen based tablet PCs offer several inherent advantages such as natural inclusion of complex digital media (graphs and charts) along side active concept development (instructor annotations). In other words, the instructor can make their thinking visual by maintaining a real-time mixture of complex engineering concepts and expert annotations. In addition, the instructor 1) is mobile, 2) can face the class and 3) does not obstruct the view of the material as it is presented. These logistic features provide a more fluid and coherent lecture, which should promote information gathering and understanding of the material by a student. In terms of learning, a student's comprehension is presumably enhanced due to the synchronization of note taking with verbal descriptions of the material. To test this hypothesis, a survey and focus group were used to determine students' perspective on the effects of the Tablet PC on their comprehension and learning compared to other classroom experiences that did not utilize the new platform. Results of the pilot study suggest that students are more likely to pay attention during the lecture and recognize the more salient points of the presentation. However, students who indicate that their prior knowledge is not sufficient to understand the basic were neutral on the benefits for using multimedia on the Tablet PC which may indicate that more needs to be done to prepare students for lecture. Overall, the findings are encouraging, and more research needs to be done to assess


In this note we formally solve the following dual integral equations: where h is a constant and the Fourier cosine transform of u–1 φ(u) is assumed to exist. These dual equations arise in a crack problem in elasticity theory.


COVID-19 put approximately all countries on lockdown. Libraries, whether they are public or private, also face closure. Through these closings, libraries remain to deliver facilities to their people in this perplexing period. So, this chapter discussed the challenges that libraries faced during this global health crisis and also discussed the possible applications that are helpful in these challenges. Data will be primary data used for empirical investigations and collected from public libraries of Pakistan. The chapter gives the empirical results or finding on the challenges (libraries closure, social distancing, handling material, and lack of research) and helpful applications like digital service, delivery services, exerted personnel, and online article requests for libraries. This chapter suggested applying quarantine strategies on returned books policy and implementing plans to offer remote services for example e-lending, e-learning, or support to remote teaching.


An important aspect in the stability calculation of sailing ships is the actual center of gravity whereby changing load conditions complicate the calculations. Standard factors for these calculations are ship parameters and the hydrodynamic model of the ship. These calculations depend on the correct input of each individual load. This in turn is reflected in possibly incorrect calculations of the center of gravity and thus of the stability of the ship. This paper presents a new method that is independent of ship parameters describing the form of the ship. The center of gravity during sailing is calculated from the measurement data of motion sensors to avoid sources of error, such as the human input of parameters. In addition, this is a more cost-effective method than conventional methods. A new algorithm is presented which is derived from the heel test and the construction formulas and independent of human inputs and environmental factors such as wind and waves. The purpose of the calculation of the current centre of gravity during sailing is given in the further work, which calculates the ship movement and the actual sea state around the ship to predict dangerous situations for man and cargo at sea.


Sun Yat-sen was a genuine socialist. Throughout his life, Nationalism and Democracy were realized only partially in parts of China. Only the Principle of the People's Livelihood was the objective he pursued and fought for all his life. He was the first to realize that socialism could relieve China of its sufferings.


Gallup Organization. A GALLUP SURVEY OF GEOGRAPHIC KNOWLEDGE IN THE SOVIET UNION. Princeton, NJ. Gallup Organization, November, 1989. 53 pp.


Nanosized mesoporous molecular sieve MCM-41 was synthesized with tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as the source of silica and cetyltrimethyl-ammonium bromide (CTAB) as the template. The photoluminescent functional supramolecule Eu(DBM)3phen/MCM-41 between the nanosized MCM-41 and Eu(DBM)3phen was prepared in chloroform, and characterized by XRD, HRTEM, IR and fluorescent spectroscopy.


Validation of BOUT++ [1] nonlinear edge localized mode (ELM) simulations against fast measurements from DIII-D ELMing H-mode plasmas is extended to a range of single-null (SN) plasma shapes. This paper presents work to validate both simulations of high frequency ELMs from low triangularity SN discharges and low frequency ELMs from high triangularity discharges, against fast diagnostic measurements. The ELM simulations are done with up to a six-field model ( ˜ e , ˜ n i , ˜ T e , ˜ T i , magnetic flux I || , electric potential ˜  ) [2] in BOUT++ using the experimental X-point geometry, at realistic plasma collisionality. To avoid the unphysically large and vanishingly thin current layers typical of nonlinear MHD ELM simulations at low experimental collisionality, the upgraded BOUT++ uses a hyper-resistivity model [3] which asserts that the electron viscosity is set by micro-turbulence and therefore comparable to turbulent electron thermal diffusivity. This allows the current sheets to diffuse at small scales, relaxes the ideal MHD constraint on magnetic field evolution and allows for ELM driven magnetic reconnection at finite current density. Validation of three-field (I || , ˜  , and pressure ˜ ) nonlinear simulations in high triangularity DIII-D discharges with fast measurements [4] showed the importance of: 1) sufficient extent of the grid into the core to cover the radial extent of the ELM perturbation, 2) the boundary conditions applied to the inner (core) side of the computational grid, 3) covering sufficient timescale with the simulation to account for the total energy loss due to the ELM event, and 4) extending to higher field models to simulate the density and temperature evolution separately in order to calculate target heat fluxes. Measurements used for validation of new higher-field simulations of low triangularity ELMs include pedestal energy loss, pedestal density profile evolution through the ELM event, divertor volumetric visible emission, fast divertor target heat flux and saturation currents, line integrated divertor particle fluxes and fast magnetic perturbations.


AbstractA methodology has been developed to quantify the performance of an air-monitoring network in terms of frequency of detection. Frequency of detection is defined as the fraction of "events" that result in a detection at either a single sampler or network of samplers. An "event" is defined as a release to the atmosphere of a specified amount of activity over a finite duration that begins on a given day and hour of the year. The methodology uses an atmospheric transport model to predict air concentrations of radionuclides at the samplers for a given release time and duration. Another metric of interest determined by the methodology is called the network intensity, which is defined as the fraction of samplers in the network that have a positive detection for a given event. The frequency of detection methodology allows for evaluation of short-term releases that include effects of short-term variability in meteorological conditions. The methodology was tested using the U.S. Department of Energy Idaho National Laboratory Site ambient air-monitoring network consisting of 37 low-volume air samplers in 31 different locations covering a 17,630 km2 region. Releases from six major facilities distributed over an area of 1,435 km2 were modeled and included three stack sources and eight ground-level sources. A Lagrangian Puff air dispersion model (CALPUFF) was used to model atmospheric transport. The model was validated using historical 125Sb releases and measurements. Relevant 1‐wk release quantities from each emission source were calculated based on a dose of 1.9×10−4 mSv at a public receptor (0.01 mSv assuming release persists over a year). Important radionuclides were 241Am, 137Cs, 238Pu, 239Pu, 90Sr, and tritium. Results show the detection frequency was over 97.5% for the entire network considering all sources and radionuclides. Network intensity results ranged from 3.75% to 62.7%. Evaluation of individual samplers indicated some samplers were poorly located and added little to the overall effectiveness of the network. Using the frequency of detection methods, alternative sampler placements were simulated that could substantially improve the performance and efficiency of the network.


ABSTRACT Two species of Doryctes Haliday 1836 described by Brèthes have their taxonomic status revised, and are transferred to the genus Aleiodes Wesmael 1838. The new combination and new names are: Aleiodes bonariensis (Brèthes, 1910) comb. n., and Aleiodes argentinensis nom. nov. The identity of Aleiodes bonariensis as a species is still doubtful, due to the poor condition in which the holotype is found, in addition to its general resemblance with Aleiodes gossypii (Muesebeck, 1960). The validity of the name Aleiodes brethesi (Shenefelt, 1975) (=Rhogas nigriceps Brèthes, 1909) is discussed and confirmed.


ABSTRACT The Block Island Wind Farm (BIWF) is the first offshore wind farm in the United States. Using gatekeeping theory as a framework, this research analyzes local and regional/national newspaper coverage of the BIWF paying particular attention to the use of sources. The data suggest that the differences between newspaper source usage from 1 January 2008 to 1 July 2017 is minimal. However, business sources appeared more than any other group, including government sources, which is a new finding. The prevalence of business sources leads to important questions about the role of businesses in shaping narratives about community transitions to renewable energy systems.


Both atrial fibrillation (AF) and anemia are associated with an increased mortality, and they often coexist. Whether anemia is associated with arrhythmia recurrence after catheter ablation (CA) of AF remains unknown.

 We conducted a large-scale, prospective, multicentre, observational study (Kansai Plus Atrial Fibrillation Registry). Out of 5010 consecutive patients who underwent an initial radiofrequency CA (RFCA) of AF at 26 centres, we enrolled 4966 patients whose hemoglobin data were available (age 64.4 years, 27.3% female, and 35.6% non-paroxysmal AF). The entire cohort was divided into three subgroups according to the WHO classification of anemia: normal (hemoglobin ≥ 13.0 g/dL in men and ≥ 12.0 g/dL in women, n=4300, 86.6%), mild anemia (11.0 ≤ hemoglobin < 13.0 g/dL in men and 11.0 ≤ hemoglobin < 12.0 g/dL in women, n = 519, 10.5%), and moderate-severe anemia (<11.0 g/dL in both men and women, n = 147, 3.0%). The median follow-up duration was 2.9 years.

 The mean age increased significantly as the anemia progressed (normal vs. mild anemia vs. moderate-severe anemia; 63.5 vs. 69.8 vs. 72.1, p<0.0001). While the normal group and mild anemia group consisted of predominantly males (74.0% and 70.5%, respectively), the moderate-severe anemia group consisted predominantly of females (57.8%, p<0.0001). The proportion of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation was 62.4% in the normal, 78.4% in the mild anemia, and 76.2% in the moderate-severe anemia group, respectively (p<0.0001). The 3-year cumulative incidence of AF recurrence after a single procedure was the highest in the moderate-severe anemia group (normal vs. mild anemia vs. moderate-severe anemia, 39.6% vs. 43.5% vs. 49.7%, log-rank p=0.0004).

 Anemia patients experienced more frequent AF recurrences after RFCA of AF.KM curve according to anemia group


The invention relates to a controllable valve capable of being not automatically opened in a powered state and being automatically closed without power. The invention relates to a fluid pipeline safety control valve, belonging to the technical field of pipeline fluid distribution safety control. The controllable valve capable of being automatically closed without power is characterized by comprising a valve body (1), a valve disk (2) and a valve cover (4), wherein the valve disk (2) is movably connected with a valve rod at the upper part, the valve disk (2) is movably connected with the valve cover (4) by virtue of a valve disk return spring (3), the valve rod (6) is fixed, guided to move and sealed by a valve rod seat (5), the top of the valve rod (6) is connected and provided with a valve rod lifting controller which is used for controlling lifting of the valve rod (6), one side of the valve rod seat (5) is connected and provided with a locking type movable piezoelectric magnetic head (8), and the valve rod lifting controller can cause the valve rod (6) and the locking type movable piezoelectric magnetic head (8) to cooperate with each other. The valve provided by the invention can immediately stop pipeline fluid transportation when unforeseen circumstances happen in pipeline fluid transportation process such as overpressure, overtemperature, overproof liquid level, superstandard fluid leakage medium concentration, power failure, interruption of power supply and exception of fluid transportation terminal facility or equipment, the unforeseen danger level and loss can be reduced, the power consumption is low, and the high efficiency and energy conservation can be achieved.


appear to bind copper in these disease states but are not known to do so in vitro. In at least 1 case, the coppercarrying protein was sequenced in an attempt to determine whether it shared the N-terminal Asp-Ala-His amino acid sequence known to bind copper in albumin, but no such sequence was found. Sequences as simple as Gly-His are capable of binding copper under certain circumstances, especially if they are repeated, rendering it difficult to determine the location of a potential binding site based on sequence alone. Myeloma protein is known to accumulate in the eye as an amyloid, and although individual myeloma proteins do not appear to bind copper, closely packed myeloma proteins may be able to do so.


Project management is the research object of the professional compulsory course of the full-time Science degree graduate students. The paper put forward a simple study on the project management curriculum resources. First, we analyze the actual condition of the Project Management course of Wuhan University. And then, we propose some suggestions to develop some new curriculum resources. For example, we try to carry out practice-teaching, establish information databases of studying resources and add more academic discussions. Finally, we should manage to explore curriculum resources to provide better education that matches every individual characteristic. Connotation of Project Management Course Resources The meaning of project management curriculum resources is divided into narrow sense and broad sense. And its broad sense is generally defined as the source and the necessary and direct implementation conditions of the factors that form the project management curriculum. Many researchers discuss the connotation and the extension of the curriculum resources from different aspects. Some think that curriculum resources refer to the summation of human, material resources and natural resources all of which can be exploited in the process of curriculum development through each link of the curriculum design, implementation and evaluation. Specifically, it includes teaching materials, all kinds of teaching facilities and practice base, etc. We can also summarize project management curriculum resources from a macro point of view, namely "project management curriculum resources is referred to the sum of all sorts of conditions which are of rich education value and able to be transformed for the school course or service for the school curriculum". Synthesis of all kinds of definitions about the curriculum resources, we can see the core of curriculum resources is the usefulness, and all conditions and environment that in favour of curriculum implementation and the realization of curriculum objectives can be viewed as curriculum resources. In our country, the course resources of different subjects are different, and we take the project management course as an example to carry on the classification to the related curriculum resources. Project management course is a required course of management science and engineering, and it is a comprehensive discipline of management science, engineering technology, engineering economy, construction regulation and so on. As the main purpose of this course is to achieve the maximum comprehensive benefits of the project, so it attracts people's general attention in real life with a strong application and comprehensive. Combined with the existing form of curriculum resources, we divide project management curriculum resources into human resources, material resources, and environmental resources. Human resources take teacher resources in management disciplines as the core and other project managers with actual combat experience and the foreign scholars from outside as a complementary resource. At the same time, learners are an important part of the learning process, and therefore can be classified as part of the curriculum resources. Material resources, as the name suggests, are the physical form of resources, including the project management materials, audio and video materials, tools, newspapers, magazines, television broadcasting, network, library, etc. Environmental resources in the project management course mainly refer to the opportunities and places where students are able to carry out the project management practice, which can also be included in the material resources from a broad perspective.