Sweden's Uppsala University reached an important milestone in its history last week. Sept. 29 was the 500th anniversary of its founding. One of the events to mark the occasion was the conferring of honorary doctorate degrees on prominent scientists and scholars from around the world. Another was a major address by Nobelist Glenn T. Seaborg, one of those honored. The institution was founded at the time when the university concept was taking hold in earnest in principal cities throughout medieval Europe. Indeed, two other universities, those at Mainz and Tubingen in West Germany, reached the 500-year mark this year also. Of course, there are older institutions of higher learning, those at Bologna, Louvain, and Paris, for example. But Uppsala holds the special position of being the first of its kind in Scandinavia. Uppsala can look back on a proud history of scientific discoveries and achievements over the centuries. And in science circles the school ...


Despite the growing body of research on person-environment (P-E) fit in the management field, little research on this topic has been conducted in the Asian context, and little is known about how organizations promote P-E fit through various management practices. To explore these issues, I illustrate the way Japanese organizations manage different levels of P-E fit including person-organization (P-O) fit, person-group (P-G) fit, and person-job (P-J) fit through their human resource practices. This illustration serves as an example that the specific cultural or national context affects the way organizations promote P-E fit. Based on this, I discuss future research directions that would contribute to the deeper understanding of the P-E fit management in the Asian region.


We studied multiple scattering effects in the EXAFS of CpRe(CO)3 solved in acetone. Forward scattering at the carbon atoms of the almost linear metal-carbonyl moieties plays a dominant role. The contributions of other multiple scattering paths are nearly negligible. Multiple scattering calculations were performed using a magnetic quantum number expansion without any approximation. In order to determine structural parameters a nonlinear least square fitting was carried out on the basis of such multiple scattering calculations which include the forward scattering processes in the metal-carbonyl chains. By means of EXAFS spectroscopy no differences in the structure of CpRe(CO)3 solved in acetone and the crystallized molecule can be detected.


The United States has been India's most dominant trade partner for quite some time now. Given trade data are of mirror type and can be easily crosschecked, a rule based routine check finds a huge discrepancy both in export and import values between bilateral trade statistics of these two countries. India's export values are consistently underreported while imports data show both over and underreporting between 1960 – 2017. As India's trade misreporting follows a systemic pattern, we enquire further first by building a simple analytical framework relating the trade misreporting to several trade, exchange and capital related policy restrictions that still prevail in India. Next we test the results of the analytical models empirically with the help of ARDL bounds testing method. Among the variables, forward premium plays the most important role in influencing the export mis-invoicing, followed by interest rate differential in short run whereas taxes on export has a pivotal role in long run. The combination of tariff, interest rates and forward premium also affect import mis-invoicing even though individual effects are absent. Finally, using VAR model our exercise finds a string causal relationship between export mis-invoicing and import mis-invoicing with the later affecting the former.


Like many industrialised nations, Australia is in the grip of an obesity epidemic. Trend data suggest that the prevalence of overweight and obesity has increasing significantly over the last two decades, with a mean population weight gain of approximately 7 kg over this period (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2004). The capacity of a nation to address a public health issue such as obesity in part depends on the capacity of the health workforce to organise societal efforts that prevent the development of obesity. The present paper interprets and reports data from a national study that investigated the determinants of public health nutrition workforce capacity in Australia to address priority issues such as obesity prevention. This assessment was conducted in order to identify workforce development and capacity-building needs at a national level, to support organised effort for obesity prevention. Data were derived from an interpretive study using multiple methods including literature review, advanced-level practitioner interviews (n 41), a national workforce survey (n 240, 87% response rate), position description analysis (n 46) and consensus development via a Delphi study. Interpretive analysis included the methodological triangulation of data, and a mix of quantitative and qualitative data analysis. The findings of this study suggest that five main categories of determinants currently limit the capacity of the Australian public health nutrition workforce; ;


It is a big challenge to apply laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) to ocean in situ detection, but there are ample opportunities for LIBS development too. In the present work, laboratory investigations of LIBS on natural seawater at different pressures from 0.1 to 40 MPa were carried out. Pressure and laser pulse energy effects on LIBS emission were investigated. The result showed that enhanced LIBS emission can be obtained under elevated ambient pressure conditions. The line broadening of lines increases as a function of pressure. The time resolved LIBS emission results demonstrated that plasma emission is weakly dependent on the ambient pressure during the early stage of plasma and the pressure has a significant influence on the plasma form during plasma evaluation at a later stage of plasma. The obtained results suggested that the LIBS technique has the potential to be developed as an in situ chemical sensing technique for ocean applications.


Design of the group signature is complex,the current scheme are based on signature knowledge or discrete logarithm,the length of the signature is very longer,so,improving the efficiency of group signatures can really be widely applied.Elliptic curve cryptosystem is rather in the premise of security,you can use shorter keys and smaller space,this paper design a digital signature based on elliptic curve group signature scheme.


Payment for environmental services (PES) has been initiated by World Agroforestry Center (ICRAF) since 2009 in Aceh, West Sumatra, Jambi, Lampung, and West Nusa Tenggara. PES was developed together with community involvement and the role of funding agency (buyer of the services provided). The jargon "PES" can also be represented with Reward for environmental service (RES) to emphasize that community can be awarded for their courages and active participation in caring the environment. RES aims to connect between environmental service providers and their beneficiaries through the flow of environmental services and rewards. There were gender gaps in planning and evaluation phases in implementation of RES and extension services in practice. The gender roles in domestic, productive, and social aspects were influenced by both social and structural aspects. The more gender sensitive RES, the better condition of farming family and environment will be. The government together with the private sector and civil society need to strengthen extension institutions in order to provide RES with a more gender sensitive. Extension institutions can be strengtehed by developing better structure and systems of extension, capacity building for extension personnels, and network to support the community as well as sustaining the RES. Keywords : payment for environmental services, reward for environmental service, gender, extension institution


Laboratory evaluation of coagulation has undergone a dramatic devopment in the past few years. Coagulation testing is no longer limited to assays based on clot formation and dissolution. Knowledge of the mole cular processes in blood clotting, the role of plate lets and endothelium in the regulation of blood clotting, and an understanding of the mode of action of anticoagulant drugs have significantly affected this area. Many new technologies and con cepts in the testing of the coagulation system as well as advancements in instrumentation have prompted a reevaluation of our approach to the laboratory assessment of coagulation function and the monitoring of therapeutic antithrombotic agents. The process of hemostasis refers to the main tenance of blood in a fluid state so that it flows through the vital organs and microcirculation pro viding oxygen and nutrients. Under normal condi tions, an intricate balance between three subsystems, the coagulation, fibrinolysis and platelets, and vascular cell lining, is the sole deter minant for the state of blood fluidity. A transition from a nonfluidity state is manifested by a patho logic process and results in a thrombotic state. The proteolytic enzymes that regulate the co agulation and fibrinolytic pathways, with the excep tion of Factor XIII, are trypsinlike enzymes (serine proteases) and exist in blood in their nonactive (zymogenic) forms. As a defense to arrest bleeding or in response to a pathologic trigger, these pro enzymes are converted to their active forms, usually through cleavage of a molecular fragment that exposes the active site. This process results in the generation of peptides and cleavage products that are molecular indicators of activation. It is now established that in the serine protease cascade many different enzymes are generated; however, the ac tivities of these enzymes are modulated by numerous endogenous physiologic inhibitors. Of these inhibitors, antithrombin III and α2antiplasmin play key roles in the maintenance of the hemostatic balance. Antithrombin III regulates the process of coag ulation primarily through inhibition of Factor Xa and thrombin. Therapeutic heparinization is solely dependent on the functionality of this inhibitor. Heparin complexes almost instantaneously with antithrombin III, transforming it into a very potent inhibitor that is capable of inhibiting Factor Xa and thrombin, thus regulating the coagulation process at two key points. α2-Antiplasmin, on the other hand, is an inhibitor of fibrinolysis. Its main action is to inhibit plasmin, and it does not require heparin or any other cofactor for its functionality. Both inhib itors are important in the diagnostic evaluation of coagulation and fibrinolytic disorders. In thrombosis, the functional levels of antithrombin III are decreased, whereas in fibrinolytic states the levels of a2-antiplasmin are reduced. Both inhibitors are decreased in such disorders as dis seminated intravascular coagulation. All coagulation proteins are quantifiable by isotopic and nonisotopic immunoassys. However, the immunologic levels may not be equivalent to the functional activites. For example, oral anticoagFrom the Hemostasis Research Laboratories, Departments of Pathology and Pharmacology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois. Reprint requests: Dr. Fareed, Hemostasis Research Labora tories, Loyola University Medical Center, 2160 South First Avenue, Maywood, IL 60153.


4604 Background: Hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) are known to express EGFR, and a ph II study of erlotinib suggested clinical activity of EGFR inhibition. Combinations with EGFR and chemotherapies ...


In the present study, sand movement around a column was investigated in the laboratory using a wind tunnel and a high-speed digital video camera. The thickness of the sand layer in the test section was kept at 0.28 m. It was observed that the sand from upstream and also from both sides of the obstacle (column) moved faster due to accelerated sand-driving wind compared to those particles away from the column or downstream. This caused visible erosion of the sand layers in the upstream and also from both sides of the column. These eroded sand particles were scoured deeper than those at initial horizontal surface. However, movement of the sand became steadily slower when the scoured depth increased. The scoured area around the column fanned out from the column with time. The column began to oscillate as the sand below the bottom of the column was scoured, and finally, it overturned windward. In the present investigation, the relation between the scoured depth around the column and blowing time of wind, also the relation between the depth of the buried column and the time required until the column overturned, and the mechanism of the sand movement around and below the column were clarified in detail.


AbstractA detection and attribution analysis on the multidecadal trend in snow water equivalent (SWE) has been conducted in four river basins located in British Columbia (BC). Monthly output from a suite of 10 general circulation models (GCMs) that participated in phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) is used, including 40 climate simulations with anthropogenic and natural forcing combined (ALL), 40 simulations with natural forcing alone (NAT), and approximately 4200 yr of preindustrial control simulations (CTL). This output was downscaled to ° spatial resolution and daily temporal resolution to drive the Variable Infiltration Capacity hydrologic model (VIC). Observed (manual snow survey) and VIC-reconstructed SWE, which exhibit declines across BC, are projected onto the multimodel ensemble means of the VIC-simulated SWE based on the responses to different forcings using an optimal fingerprinting approach. Results of the detection and attribution analysis shows that these declines a...


Objective: To describe the growth profile of breastfeeding babies following early introduction of infant formulas to improve
the feeding pattern of the young
infant. Methodology: This is a longitudinal descriptive study conducted in
2 medical clinics in Abidjan from 11-Jun-2013 to 15-Dec-2016 on 100 healthy
newborn babies with the introduction of infant formulas before 6 months of life. The anthropometrics parameters were
compared to those of WHO. Results: The exclusive breastfeeding rate was
5%. Ablactation occurred within 12 months in 95% of cases. All Infants have
doubled and tripled their birth weight at 3 and 9 months respectively. The height
and the head circumference at birth increased
by 50% and 37% respectively at 12 months. Compared to WHO growth charts, the weight gain for the girls at 3
months was 12.4% higher and for the boys was 7.3% higher at 6 months. On the other
hands, the statural gain at 12 months was 50% lower than the WHO standards
while the head circumference was 37.8% and 45.5% higher than the WHO standards
in boys and girls respectively. At 3
months, the prevalence of stunting was 26.1% for boys and 13.3% for girls. Lastly, at 12 months, the BMI showed 10% overweight and 19% obesity. Conclusion: Breastfeeding
associated with an early introduction of infant formulas increases the risk of
malnutrition of the young infant. We advise to avoid it and recommend an
exclusive breastfeeding.


In this article processes by which causal arguments effect change in established beliefs were explored. The hypothesis that explanation availability mediates belief change in response to causal arguments was tested in 2 experiments. Persuasive communications used causal evidence, noncausal (statistical) evidence, or both to argue that AIDS is not transmissible by casual contact. Results supported the authors' hypothesis. Causal arguments produced the greatest belief change, with the effect mediated by explanation availability. Causal arguments were also less subject to evaluation bias, consistent with a cognitive interpretation of the biased assimilation phenomenon (in which evidence in favor of one's position is evaluated more favorably than evidence in opposition). Experiment 2 replicated the basic effects with dependent measures (including a measure of behavioral commitment) obtained 3 weeks after presentation of the communications. These results suggest that a causal component strengthens the educational potential of persuasive arguments. Persuading an audience to accept new information seems particularly difficult when audience members can explain why they hold their current beliefs. The persuasion task then goes beyond simply convincing an audience of the correctness of the new information; persuasion must also overcome forces that maintain established beliefs. For example, in teaching social psychology, we have seen students resist ideas that challenge their common sense understanding of social behavior. Of course, common sense is derived from life experience and is rich with explanations. Researchers studying learning in children have observed a similar phenomenon. In several studies, incorrect prior knowledge interfered substantially with the learning of correct scientific information (Alvermann & Hague, 1989; Alvermann,


The standard condition number (SCN) is a fundamental metric in the context of multiple-input multiple-output communication systems, linear detection and classical linear algebra. Hence, in this paper we propose a novel generic framework for the SCN distribution of three different classes of Wishart matrices which leads to new results and insights. In particular, our analysis covers both central and non-central Wishart distributions of arbitrary dimension and therefore is applicable to uncorrelated/semi-correlated Rayleigh fading and Ricean fading scenarios. For the special case of dual semi-correlated central Wishart matrices, we derive exact and asymptotic polynomial expressions for the SCN distributions. All analytical results are validated via Monte-Carlo simulations with the attained accuracy being excellent in all cases. The impact of the model parameters on channel conditioning is also investigated in detail.


AbstractThis study examined the direct spectrometric method for determining non-ionic surfactants in highly-polluted samples (i.e., soil leachates) containing high concentrations of humic acids. Meso-tetra-(3,5-dibromo-4-hydrooxyphenyl)-porphyrin served as a coloration agent. The method was tested by use of two polyethoxylate/polypropoxylate — based non-ionic surfactants: Triton CF-21 containing aromatic groups in the structure and Novanik 1047A containing only linear hydrocarbon chains. The main goal was to quantify the influence of interfering species to the results. A test for coincidence of regression lines was employed for objective evaluation of the humic acid influence on the determination. It was observed that for linear surfactant Novanik 1047 A the method provides reliable result and thus, can serve for routine analyses. Regarding Triton CF-21, an interfering effect of humic acids was observed; however, after sufficient dilution of the samples, the method can be used as well. Finally, the method can be used for simple analyses of problematic samples without complicated sample-pretreatment.


Within the framework of nonstandard (Weyl) representations of the canonical commutation relations, we investigate the polymer quantization of the Taub cosmological model. The Taub model is analyzed within the Arnowitt-Deser-Misner reduction of its dynamics, by which a time variable arises. While the energy variable and its conjugate momentum are treated as ordinary Heisenberg operators, the anisotropy variable and its conjugate momentum are represented by the polymer technique. The model is analyzed at both classical and quantum level. As a result, classical trajectories flatten with respect to the potential wall, and the cosmological singularity is not probabilistically removed. In fact, the dynamics of the wave packets is characterized by an interference phenomenon, which, however, is not able to stop the evolution towards the classical singularity.


Abstract The Mediterranean Sea has been viewed as one of the most important ocean areas in the world, from whose shores have sprung some of the richest civilizations mankind has ever known. Its political, commercial, and strategic significance has been recognized by many nations. The diversity of its geography, peoples, resources, languages, and the varying degrees of economic and social development of the countries surrounding it have reinforced the impression of continual strife and turmoil in this zone. Indeed, the blue and calm waters of this sea contrast sharply with the effervescence of its shores, where tensions and conflicts seem to be the rule. Yet, a new Mediterranean identity seems to be emerging; new bridges are slowly being constructed in various fields, linking one shore of the Mediterranean to the other. Regional and multilaterial negotiations are taking place, designed to strengthen security and cooperation in this region. Beginning in the fall of 1983, efforts will be intensified in vario...


For over 50 years the mainstream electronics industry has been dominated by thin film
transistors based on inorganic semiconductors such as silicon and gallium arsenide. The
fabrication of these devices requires high temperature and high vacuum deposition
techniques that result in high production costs, which are particularly prohibitive for large-area
electronics.
Organic semiconductors (OSCs) offer an attractive alternative since their fabrication
processes are much less complex compared to conventional inorganic technology. In
particular, low temperature deposition and solution processing techniques provide a simple,
low cost alternative. π-Conjugated organic semiconductors are therefore attracting
considerable attention for applications such as organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), field-effect
transistors (OFETs) and photovoltaic cells. Furthermore, the mechanical properties
(flexibility) of organic compounds coupled with their low temperature solution-based
processing provides the potential for new applications inc1uding flexible displays, pliable
electronic paper and smart cards. While molecular and polymer OLEDs have already been
commercialized in a number of consumer products, OLED displays still employ an inorganic
(amorphous silicon, a-Si) thin-film transistor (TFT) matrix to control the emissive pixels.
Organic TFTs (OTFTs) are nevertheless extensively investigated by numerous, both
industrial and academic, research groups. The mobility of the best OSCs have already
approached and even surpassed that of a-Si (~1 cm² V/s). However, the limited stability of
OSCs and the "difficult to control" molecular packing, particularly in solution-processed
devices, are among the major limitations hampering industrial development, and the design
of new OSCs continues to be an important area of materials research.
This project involves elaboration of the thin film technology of new organic semiconducting
materials, inc1uding small molecules (fused polyaromatic systems and heterocyc1ic
oligomers, mainly fused thiophene and selenophene derivatives) and polymers, and
characterization of their electronic properties for applications in optoelectronic devices. A
large emphasis of this project is the study of new organic materials as an active
semiconducting layer in transistors. Along the typical switching function of OTFTs, the
research is directed to the design, fabrication and characterization of multifunctional
transistors that can have electroluminescence and possible lasing properties.


As of late the Smartphone has encountered basic inventive movements yet in the meantime remains a low computational substance. Versatile distributed computing is one of the advancement basic in the present portable condition kept running by utilizing cell phones in cloud condition. Versatile distributed computing is a promising method to manage impediments of cell phones as far as battery utilization and capacity. Versatile Cloud Computing is the most basic fields with creating age of the present fast web utilizing and Mobile world close-by its uses it needs to goes facing a fragment of the issues. As the data is scattered preparing and getting to it with cell phones all the trade encounters the framework so it is powerless against strike.


Pseudotumor cerebri or benign intracranial hypertension is characterized by increased intracranial hypertension without evidence of a mass lesion or ventricular obstruction. Symptoms are mainly headache and papilledema. If untreated, papilledema can cause progressive irreversible visual loss and optic atrophy. Usually occurs in obese women and in the childbearing years. It is a diagnosis of exclusion and, therefore, other causes of increased intracranial pressure must be sought with history, imaging, and cerebrospinal fluid examination before the diagnosis can be made. MRI findings include empty sella, smooth-walled venous stenoses, flattened globes and fully unfolded optic nerve sheath [1].


Network intrusion has become a prime concern issue for the industry and government organizations in the domain of the cyber-threat landscape. To counter this threat, a network intrusion detection system has been considered to be vital in identifying network traffic as normal or anomaly. Correct identification of the potential threat as an anomaly depends on the accuracy of the Network Intrusion Detection System (NIDS). Several approaches like single classical, hybrid, and ensemble methods are in practice to develop a network intrusion detection model. In this paper, two different stacking Machine Learning (ML) models with Extra Tree (ET) Classifier and Mutual Information Gain feature selection methods are proposed for better accuracy of the NIDS. We applied the models on the UNSW-NB15 packet-based dataset which contains the most recent attack types and experimentally proved that the testing accuracy of the stacking models is better than all individual models. Comparative results also depict that one of our proposed models shows better accuracy (96.24%) than any other existing competing models.


The technique of impedance loading to the antenna element has been applied to an antenna system for portable VHF communication equipment and its practical usefulness has been shown with a brief theoretical analysis and some experimental results. By means of impedance loading to the antenna element, the driving point impedance may be varied so as to make matching feasible, even though the element length is very short, and the effective length may be increased, so that the gain of the loaded antenna system relative to a non-loaded antenna system may be increased. As a practical example, an inductance loaded antenna system has been applied to a 34-54 MHz range portable communication equipment and about 5 dB relative gain increase has been observed.


The generation of high amounts of wastes containing anti-physiological compounds during co ee production, requires options for its appropriate treatment. An...


Transabdominal ultrasound after oral administration of an echoic cellulose-based gastric ultrasound contrast agent (TUS-OCCA) has recently been suggested as a valuable screening tool for gastric lesions in patients who are unwilling to undergo gastroscopy and who are suitable for transabdominal ultrasound (Shi et al. World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18: 4136–4144; Li S et al. Ultraschall in Med 2012; 33: E218–E224; Liu Z et al. Abdom Imaging. 2014; 39: 424–431). In this pictorial essay, we present the various gastric lesion findings that can be demonstrated by TUSOCCA examination.


Representation of the best frequencies (BFs) was studied by a tungsten microelectrode method in the auditory cortex of Wistar‐strain rats (200–350 g) anesthetized with Nembutal (40 mg/kg of initial and 5 mg/kg/h of supplement doses). BFs of 0.5–63 kHz were represented in the auditory cortex concentrically, with high BFs in the center and low BFs in the periphery. From the tonotopic representation, this area can be separated into two areas: the primary auditory area (AI) (posterior half), and the anterior area (A) (anterior half). However, the response latency distributions in these areas (6–14 ms were not significantly different. Other smaller areas with concentrations of high BFs were located anteroventrally (AV) and posterodorsally (PD) to the main area (AI and A). The response latencies of the neurons in AV and PD (12–24 ms) were significantly longer than those in the main area. Sixty‐seven percent of the 33 tuning curves obtained from the neurons in the main area were closed (showing nonmonotonic inte...


The mechanical construction of the stabilized lasers, and their electronic control equipment, are described. A free-running stability of 10-10 for 0.1 s and a servo-locked stability of better than 10-12 for 10 s counting time has been measured. Hyperfine structure intervals in both 127I2 and 129I2 with standard deviation of 12 kHz confirm earlier values.


In this paper, we propose a simple and fully distributed mechanism for constructing and maintaining the overlay topology in mesh-based P2P-TV systems. Our algorithm optimizes the topology to better exploit large bandwidth peers, so that they are automatically moved close to the source. This improves the chunk delivery delay so that all peers benefit, not just the high bandwidth ones. A key property of the proposed scheme is its ability to indirectly estimate the upload bandwidth of peers without explicitly knowing or measuring it. Simulation results show that our scheme significantly outperforms overlays with homogeneous properties, achieving up to 50% performance improvement. Moreover, the algorithm is robust to both parameter setting and changing conditions, e.g., peer churning.


Internet evolution has been recently related with some aspect of user empowerment, mostly in terms of content distribution, and this has been ultimately accelerated by the fast-paced introduction and expansion of wireless technologies. Hence, the Internet should start to be seen as a communications infrastructure able to support the integration of a myriad of embedded and personal wireless objects. This way a future Internet will support the interaction between users' social, physical and virtual sphere. This position paper aims to raise some discussion about the technology required to ensure an efficient interaction between the physical, social and virtual worlds by extending the Internet by means of interconnected objects. Namely, it is argued that an efficient interaction between the physical, social and virtual worlds requires the development of a data-centric architecture based on IP-driven opportunisitc networking able to make useful data available to people when and where they really need it, augmenting their social and environmental awareness.


This population-based analysis examines the association between surgical volume and postoperative results in patients with esophageal achalasia who underwent esophagomyotomy.


in mechanical manufacturing process is more heat energy, how to effectively reduce the consumption has important significance in this paper, several kinds of original equipment and ensure parts, on the basis of performance by heat treatment process, then adjust to reduce energy consumption.


Grave's orbitopathy (GO), is a potentially sight threatening condition which constitutes a major clinical and therapeutic challenge and occurs in about 50% of patients with Grave's disease with only 3-5% cases posing threat to sight. This autoimmune condition is mediated via cytokines secreted by T lymphocytes infiltrating in to the orbital cavity and thyrotropin receptor antibodies (TRAbs) stimulating thyrotropin receptors (TSHR). Clinical assessment for disease activity and severity in GO is important for decision making in management of both hyperthyroidism and GO. Sight threatening GO should be identified promptly and treated with high dose intravenous (IV) glucocorticoids and/or orbital decompression. Sri Lanka Journal of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism 2012; 2 : 106-110 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/sjdem.v2i2.4781


This paper presents an intelligent battery monitoring system to aid in maintaining lead acid batteries used in solar powered lighting systems. In addition to this, the proposed system also employs maximum power point tracking algorithm to optimize battery performance. Remote monitoring of battery system has been implemented using an embedded web server that transfers State of Charge information of battery via Ethernet Network to multiple clients. The system also assists in faster fault rectification by reporting critical conditions that require immediate attention with escalated priorities. This paper explicates salient features of proposed design and also analyzes the performance of developed system.


Rachel Vannatta Reinhart, Advisor The three-fold purpose of this quasi-experimental study was to examine the impact of the computer-based reading program Fast ForWord (FFW) on the reading achievement of secondgrade students in an Ohio school district. The sample included 360 students (treatment group, n=85; control group, n=275) from four elementary buildings. FFW is an intervention designed to "build the learning capacity of the brain" (Scientific Learning Corporation, 2010) through individualized games and exercises, and acoustically modified (reduced, then increased) speech. Chall's Development of Reading (1983) theory supported four research questions that addressed FFW intervention and its effects on students with Individual Education Plans (IEPs) and gender, as measured by the Dynamic Indicator of Basic Early Literacy Skills (DIBELS) and GatesMcGinitie Reading Tests (GMRT) instruments. Statistical analysis revealed the non-FFW participants demonstrated significantly more growth in reading achievement in nearly every measure. An Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA), which significantly controlled for pretreatment differences, revealed that FFW participants scored significantly lower on nearly every reading assessment (DIBELS ORF, DIBELS RTF, GMRT Word Decoding, GMRT Word Knowledge, and GMRT Total). A comparison of growth scores for the groups using t-test of independent samples indicated that the non-FFW group showed significantly more growth than the FFW group in DIBELS RTF, GMRT Word Decoding, GMRT Word Knowledge, and GMRT Total. Two-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) examined the treatment in relation to the factors of IEP and gender. Results indicated


We report the design, fabrication and measurement of a high speed InAIAs/InGaAs Heterostructure Bipolar Transistor (HBT). At a VCE of 0.96 V the current gain cutoff frequency, f,, and the maximum frequency of oscillation, finax, were 300 GHz and 235 GHz, respectively. This value of f, is the highest ever reported for bipolar transistors. At a slightly higher VCE bias, simultaneously high values of f, = 293 GHz and finax =275 GHz were obtained. Fast HBTs have become key components in future and present designs for lOOGHz digital communication systems, direct digital frequency synthesizers and radar. To achieve these goals, it is essential for the device to have simultaneous high values off, and f,,;,,, capability for high current density operation and a low extrinsic base collector capacitance. layer structure consisted of a 8~10'~ cm-3 n-type InAlAs emitter, digital grading layers between emitter and base, a 30 nm p-type InGaAs base doped to 4~10'~ cm-3 with a 2KT composite grading, and a 1~10'~ cm-3 ntype doped 200 nm InGaAs collector. The relatively thin collector is essential for high current density operation due to the Kirk effect. The devices were fabricated using a substrate- transferred process, as described in [I]. In Fig. 1 are shown common emitter (CE) and common base (CB) characteristics of a device under test. The device's emitter and collector mesa dimensions were I x 8 pm2 and 2 x 8.5 pm2, respectively. The CE current gain was >lo0 at high current densities which is the reason for the relatively low CE breakdown voltage. For digital circuits however, the CB breakdown voltage is important. The devices sustained a VCB of 1 V up to current densities of 1 mA/pm2 (see Fig. I b) and a Vce of 0.5V up to current densities of 2 inA/pm2 (not shown here). This is sufficient for use of these devices for digital applications. The S-parameters of the devices were measured as a function of bias. On wafer, Line Reflect Line (LRL) calibration standards were used for measuring the s-parameters up to 50 GHz. The use of the LRL method eliminates the necessity to de-embed the input pad capacitance, a step which highly affects the extracted value of fr. The value of f, was extracted by using a single pole approximation fit to h2'. A -20 dB/dec extrapolation was used to extract f,,, from Mason's gain (U). The measured data and curve fits for h21 and U are shown in Fig 2a and Fig. 2b for V~-=0.96 V and VCE=IV, respectively. The current density was Jc=l .5 mA/pm2. The dependence of f, and fmnx on VCE is shown in Fig. 3. As expected, the change in fmnX is significant while fT stays almost constant. The slight decrease of f, for high VCE values is due to an increase in the forward delay. circuit diagram of the HBT was extracted and is shown in Fig. 4. The different time constants contributing to ~~=1/(2nf,) are also shown in Figure 4. The forward transit delay, ZF, contributed as much as -73% of the total delay, while the base emitter junction capacitance, Cje, and the base collector capacitance, Ccb, contributed -15% and -1 1 % of the total delay, respectively. When comparing these results to the previously published data in [2], the higher value of f, shown here is due to a thinner base, a reduction of the RexCcb time constant and the elimination of a parasitic base to ground capacitance, Chg. The latter was achieved by insertion of a thick Polyimide layer between the base metal and the ground plane. The value of RexCcb was reduced by scalingdown the area ratio between collector and emitter mesas. In order to further increase the value off, and simultaneously keep a high value off,,,,,, it is necessary to reduce the thickness of the collector together with a lateral scaling of the device dimensions. A wide gap material for the collector layer might be necessary in order to prevent the thin collector from breaking down. In conclusion, InAIAs/InGaAs HBTs with simultaneous high values of f, and f,,, were fabricated and tested. The resulting f, of 300 GHz was the highest ever reported for bipolar transistors. The HBT layers were grown by Molecular beam Epitaxy, using Be for p-doping and Si for n-doping. The From the variance of the s-parameters with bias and from the device geometry, an equivalent small signal


This paper presents a systematic approach to development of a methodology and a system framework for knowledge management to support allied system engineering. The approach of this research has laid‐down four phases: allied system engineering characterization, knowledge identification, analysis and modeling, KM strategy and methodology development, and system development. The methodology consists of a rationale behind the methodology, a life cycle model for knowledge management, and a distributed knowledge management framework. Based on the proposed methodology, a knowledge management system framework is developed using component technology. Besides providing functions for knowledge management and sharing, the system possesses properties to meet the hierarchical, distributed, flexible and dynamic‐configurable characteristics of allied system engineering.


Infra-red is the widely-used standard for the remote controls supplied with consumer devices.Home computers,too,can be controlled remotely with the appropriate equipment.This paper introduce the principium of Infra-red Remote Control,analyse how to manage the LIRC device with device drivers,and describe the process of getting ir signal and transfering it to user space.


The main objective of the study was the assessment of the prevalence and the identification of the parasitic load of Raw Sewage Rejected in the seashore of El Jadida City. The results showed a variety of parasite species with following average concentrations: Hymenolepis nana (4.21 eggs/L), Taenia sp. (3.6 eggs/L), Moniezia expansa (3.02 eggs/L), Ascaris lumbricoides (14.71 eggs/L), Capillaria sp. (5.92 eggs/L), Trichuris trichiura (4.13 eggs/L), Ankylostome sp. (6.01 eggs/L), Enterobius vermicularis (1.13 eggs/L) Necator americanus (4.3 eggs/L), Nematodirus sp. (2.07 eggs/L) and Strogyloides sp. (3.63 eggs/L). Station S1 and S3 (Lower Town station and AB station respectively) have the highest level of parasitic load, while, station S2 (Station El Manar) had a lower level of contamination. The distribution of parasitic helminth eggs varies with the size of the urban and socio-economic level of the urban population connected to each station.


Biotransformation of cholate (a primary bile acid) in the gut results in the production of deoxycholate. Increased deoxycholate levels have been correlated with an increased risk for high cholesterol, gallstone disease, and colon cancer. In the gut, the obligate anaerobe Clostridium scindens is actively involved in the conversion of cholate to deoxycholate. Thus, C. scindens is important to human health, and our goals were to define the nutritional requirements of this key gut bacterium. C. scindens VPI 12708 was grown anaerobically in an undefined broth medium (UBM; minerals, metals, bicarbonate, 100% CO2 gas phase, cysteine [reducing agent], 0.1% yeast extract, and 20 mM glucose) at 37°C. When transferred from UBM to a defined broth medium (DBM; UBM lacking yeast extract), C. scindens did not grow. However, growth was supported when DBM was supplemented with both a vitamin mix (p-aminobenzoate, biotin, cyanocobalamin, folate, lipoate, nicotinate, pantothenate, pyridoxal, riboflavin, thiamine) and an amino acid mix (alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartate, cystine, glutamate, glutamine, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, valine). Deletion of individual vitamins from the mix indicated that biotin, lipoate, riboflavin, and pantothenate were required by C. scindens for growth. This is the first report of the vitamin requirements of C. scindens. Studies are currently underway to determine the amino acid requirements of C. scindens.


Modern agricultural ST service industry is the core of promoting agricultural modernization. Tangshan is a big agricultural city. Meanwhile there are many problems in agricultural ST service industry, like agricultural ST service level is not high, agricultural scientific research is disjointed with agricultural production, service system for spreading agricultural ST is imperfect, agricultural ST achievements conversion is low, etc. The priority in Tangshan agricultural ST service industry development is agricultural informationization service, agricultural science and technology, financial services, agricultural ST innovation and agricultural technology extension services. Finally author puts forward the countermeasures for development of agricultural ST service industry in Tangshan.


This document discloses a molecule having the following formula ( "Formula 1" and "Formula 2" and "Formula 3"). [Formula 1]


Structural changes of α-lactalbumin (α-lac) in response to pH, ionic strength, sugars, and heat treatment were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. From DSC, two reversible transitions at 39.6 °C (A) and 64.8 °C (B) were observed when α-lac was heated. At pH 3, transition A was partially reversible (14%) while transition B was completely reversible. At pH 9, both transitions were completely irreversible. Heating α-lac at pH 3 resulted in aggregation with no observed gelation; at pH 9 a translucent gel was formed. FTIR showed that at pH 3, denaturation of α-lac resulted in the appearance of two bands at 1616 and 1685 cm-1 attributed to intermolecular aggregation. These bands were absent at alkaline pH. The major effects of heat treatment of α-lac were loss in the bands attributed to α-helix, 310-helix, and β-sheet and increase in the bands attributed to turns. Keywords: α-Lactalbumin; infrared spectroscopy; differential scanning calorim...


High-precision wind power prediction is important for the planning, economics, and security maintenance of a power grid. Meteorological features and seasonal information are strongly related to wind power prediction. This paper proposes a hybrid method for ultrashort-term wind power prediction considering meteorological features (wind direction, wind speed, temperature, atmospheric pressure, and humidity) and seasonal information. The wind power data are decomposed into stationary subsequences using the ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD). The principal component analysis (PCA) is used to reduce the redundant meteorological features and the algorithm complexity. With the stationary subsequences and extracted meteorological features data as inputs, the long short-term memory (LSTM) network is used to complete the wind power prediction. Finally, the seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) is innovatively used to fit seasonal features (quarterly and monthly) of wind power and reconstruct the prediction results of LSTM. The proposed method is used to predict 15-minute wind power. In this study, three datasets were collected from a windfarm in Laizhou to validate the prediction performance of the proposed method. The experimental results showed that the prediction accuracy was significantly improved when meteorological features were considered and further improved with seasonal correction.


Objective:To investigate the immune regulation mechanism and the effect of ω-3 fatty acids on patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Methods:60 patients were divided into two groups:test group and control group.The control group was given routine therapy while the test group was given ω-3 fatty acids injection(100 mL ·d-1,iv) simultaneously with routine therapy.For every patient the expression level of serum C-reactive protein(CRP),the serum level of CD3,CD4,CD4/CD8 and NK cells were determined at the beginning and on the third day after therapy,and the severity of the disease(APACHEⅡscore),theoxygenation index(Pa02/Fi02),the days needing to stay in ICU and the hours needing to use respirator were also recorded.Results:Compared with control group,the serum level of CRP of test group was significantly reduced,the serum level of CD3,CD4,CD4/CD8 and NK cells was increased,and oxygenation index was improved.The days in ICU and the hours of therapy with respirator in the test group were also reduced.However,there was no difference in the APACHE lI score between two groups.Conclusion:ω-3 fatty acids injection can decrease the inflammation mediators on patients with COPD and improve the cellular immune function.


Background. Though many Russian and foreign studies have been devoted to the study of self-control in educational activity, most of the research has been limited to the use of questionnaires or psychodiagnostic methods. The neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the process of cognitive control in the context of learning have still not been sufficiently understood, despite the obvious significance of controlling action for academic success. Objective. The purpose of this study is to identify the psychological and neurophysiological features of cognitive control in the process of learning activity, for students with different levels of academic success. Design. This study investigates the control function in first-year students who have varying degrees of academic success. The research design is interdisciplinary and integrates three different approaches: the neurophysiological, psychological, and pedagogical. In the empirical part, 31 first-year students at Saint Petersburg State University (SPbSU) participated in the research. We measured the personal characteristics of the subjects (using the five-factor personality questionnaire as modified by A.B. Khromov), their self-management ability (Peysakhov's SMA test), characteristics of the event-related potentials of the brain in response to presentation of stimuli in the solving of problems that require searching for an error in a word (electroencephalographic method), response time, and number of errors and corrections. Four types of stimuli were used: the correct spelling of a word, the replacement of a letter with one that is written similarly or sounds similar, or by one that is not similar. The indicators used to measure academic success were the results of the Unified State Examination (USE) and the first (winter) term of the 2016–17 academic year. The data were analyzed by correlation analysis and analysis of variance. Results. Comparison of groups of students with lower and higher levels of academic success showed significant differences in all the measured groups of variables — personality traits (Emotionality–Restraint factor), components of the system of self-management (Goal-Setting and Forecasting scales), behavioral data from the experiment (number of corrections), and neurophysiological indicators of cognitive control (the components P200, N200, P300, and N400). The results of the study revealed that students


Economists have long discussed the labour market impact of immigration on natives. In this context, the concern of the public, policymakers and academics has been on whether immigrant inflows harm the wage and employment prospects of natives and if so, whether policy restrictions on such inflows would be legitimate. This concern has received substantial, and sometimes controversial, attention in the academic labour economics literature (see, inter alia, Borjas, 1999, or Card, 2005, 2009). Yet this research debate has largely ignored other potential channels through which immigrants may potentially alter the wellbeing of natives – either positively or negatively. Possible channels include the demand for health and education services, the impact on housing and transportation, neighbourhood segregation and the effect on cultural diversity and crime. In this paper, we focus on this last channel, studying what economic research has to say about the crime-immigration nexus.


This case describes the development, design, and implementation of a work flow automation system at a tier one automotive supplier, T1-Auto. T1 is a developer and manufacturer of anti-lock brake systems. In 1991, T1-Auto had outsourced its IT department. They retained a management core consisting of the CIO and five managers, but transitioned approximately 80 other members of the department to the outsourcing firm. In 1994, Lotus NotesTM was installed as the corporate standard e-mail and workflow platform. A team of four NotesTM developers wrote workflow-based and knowledge management-based applications. Another team of three administrators managed the NotesTM infrastructure. The first workflow application written at T1-Auto was developed for the Finance department. The finance team quickly realized the workflow benefit of streamlining and tracking the capital expense request process. The NotesTM development team and the project sponsor, the Controller, worked closely to develop the application. Following this initial success, the power and value of workflow technology caught on quickly at T1-Auto. One of the most successful projects was the Electronic Lab Testing Process described in this paper.The Electronics Lab and Testing System (ELTS) was identified as a Transaction Workflow problem by the IT Lotus NotesTM team. Because the ELTS involved policies and procedures that crossed many groups and divisions within T1-Auto, and since the process was consistent across the organization, the solution lent itself very well to Lotus Notes. However, while T1-Auto was experiencing rapid growth and the number of tests was increasing, the testing process was prone to communication and coordination errors. As part of their production and product development processes, their electronics laboratory was required to test electronic components that were part of the brake systems. Clearly the testing process was critical to T-1 since delays or errors could adversely affect both product development and production.The case goes on to describe the design and development of the Lotus NotesTM workflow management system. The design description includes process maps for thee as-is and the new system. In addition, descriptions of the testing phase, the pilot, and the roll out are included. The case concludes with a discussion of project success factors and planned future enhancements.


In this article, I advocate for an enriched view of children's linguistic input, with the aim of building sustainable and tangible links between theoretical models of language development and families' everyday experiences. Children's language experiences constrain theoretical models in ways that may illuminate universal learning biases. However, more than that, these experiences provide a staggering array of test cases and demonstrate the stage-setting effects of situational, familial, and societal context on language use and uptake. Centering on activity type as an entry point into context, I outline an approach— which I refer to as language in vivo— that draws on both big-and small-data methods to generate grounded, informative, and representative descriptions of children's input. Minimally, this approach complements recent work that uses more bundled input measures. Maximally, an in vivo approach could inspire new questions, insights, and innovations to broaden the coverage and application of theoretical models to individual communities and families.


ABSTRACT: During stress, low-frequency (0.01–0.15 Hz) heart rate power and plasma catecholamine levels increase in response to increased sympathetic efferent activity. To test the hypothesis that low-frequency heart rate power, a measure of sympathetic control of heart rate, directly correlates with plasma catecholamine concentrations during periods of increased sympathetic tone, we compared heart rate power spectral measures with antecubital vein norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine concentrations during postural change and after cold pressor testing. We analyzed absolute levels and changes in mean heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure, heart rate power spectra, and concentration of norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine in 14 healthy volunteers (seven female/seven male) after postural change and in six (three female/three male) during cold pressor testing. Postural change from supine to standing position resulted in increased heart rate [61 ± 8 versus 83 + 11 (SD) bpm, p < 0.05], diastolic (68 ± 7 versus 11 ± 6 mm Hg, p < 0.05) and mean blood pressures (84 ± 6 versus 91 ± 9 mm Hg, p < 0.05), norepinephrine concentration (2.09 ± 1.11 versus 3.23 ± 1.62 nmol/L, p < 0.05), and low-frequency heart rate power (7.55 ± 5.63 versus 33.79 ± 23.55 bpm2, p < 0.05). High-frequency heart rate power, a measure of parasympathetic control of heart rate, decreased with standing (5.38 ± 4.22 versus 2.94 ± 2.69 bpm2, p < 0.05). Diastolic (66 ± 7 versus 81 ± 9 mm Hg,p < 0.05) and mean (83 ± 9 versus 97 ± 11 mm Hg, p < 0.05) blood pressures and norepinephrine concentration (1.21 ± 0.40 versus 1.77 ± 0.79 nmol/L,/ p < 0.05) increased with cold pressor testing. We found no correlation between absolute levels or changes in low-frequency heart rate power and norepinephrine, epinephrine, or dopamine concentration. Thus, we conclude that low-frequency heart rate power and plasma catecholamines are significantly affected by physiologic changes but arc likely regulated by different areas within the sympathetic nervous system.


Breeding tall fescue (Schreb.) cultivars that are free of the endophytic fungus Morgan-Jones and Gams [previously identified and referred to as (Fries) Tulasne] is necessary to improve animal performance. The techniques used in developing new cultivars are not greatly different from those used previously, with one exception. Prior to the evaluation of new tall fescue lines or populations, the endophyte needs to be eliminated from the seed or the plants. Several techniques utilizing aging, heat, or chemical treatment are being used to effectively accomplish this in the seed. Methods for permanently eliminating the endophyte from plants are not available. The major new considerations in breeding endophyte-free tall fescue cultivars do not involve drastic changes in breeding methodology, but rather focus on new objectives. In the past, much effort was directed at overcoming the toxic effects of the endophyte. Now, breeders can focus their efforts on objectives such as increasing digestibility, physiological efficiency, mineral uptake, and insect and disease resistance. Losses in stress tolerance due to the elimination of the endophyte from tall fescue may also have to be addressed, especially in areas of marginal adaptation.


Introduction: Due to the high prevalence of physical inactivity in Iran, especially among women, this study was conducted to assess the effect of educational program based on BASNEF model on physical activity among working women in Hamadan university of


Background The epidemic of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) pneumonia has become a focused public health event in world. The authorities have taken prompt medical action in China, which contained strict isolation measures and potential symptomatic supportive care. Dao Yin, a traditional Chinese exercise, combines limb movements and breathing exercises. Previous researches showed that it can activate the immune system and improve the lung function and the mental state of patients. Therefore, there may be a potential effect of Dao Yin on the physical and mental health of patients with 2019-nCoV. The aim of this trail is to verify whether conventional therapy plus Dao Yin could show better effects for 2019-nCoV than conventional therapy alone.Methods/design The study is a multicenter randomized controlled trial with parallel-group design including two intervention groups: a conventional therapy group and a conventional therapy plus Dao Yin group. A total of 186 eligible participants will be randomly assigned to the groups in a 1:1 ratio. The routine treatment of the two groups is performed daily according to guideline, and Dao Yin is performed once a day until the patient is out of the hospital. The primary outcome is the Length of Hospital Stay (LHS). Secondary outcomes include the vital signs, respiratory symptoms, questionnaire of mental health and the quantity of immune cells. The outcomes will be assessed at five points including the baseline, 3th, 6th, 9th day during hospitalization and the discharge day. The significance level is 5%. This study will focus on the value of a conventional therapy plus Dao Yin as the treatment for 2019-nCoV and will explore any potential connection among the outcomes.Discussion This study may evaluate the efficacy of conventional therapy plus Dao Yin for 2019-nCoV, which can contribute to provide a solid evidence of Dao Yin therapy for the nationwide emergence.Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2000029978 Registered on 18 February 2020.


A fused-seven-ring anthracene derivative with two sulfur bridges, benzobisthioxanthene (BTA), was synthesized, facilely. OLEDs employing BTA as the emitter exhibited bright (maximum 40,752 cd m(-2)) and efficient red emission (CIE, x = 0.64, y = 0.36) with a luminous efficiency of 4.4 cd A(-1).


Objective:Applications and the extraction of Traditional Chinese Medicine Pigment are introduced.Methods:To analysis and sum up the literatures concerned.Results:The extraction methods of Traditional Chinese Medicine Pigment is introduced,The characteristics of every kind of progress such as solvent extraction,supercritical CO2 extraction,microwave radiation extraction,enzymatic extractionand ultrasonic extraction technology were discussed.The stabilization technologies of natural pigments were introduced based on its characteristics of lability.The physiological functions of some natural pigments were reviewed,some natural pigments such as carotenoid,xanthophylls,flavanones and anthocyanin were introduced on antioxidant activities,antibacterial activities and health protection.Conclusion:It showed wide application prospect to exploit Traditional Chinese Medicine Pigments.


Policy should be directed toward increased scientific rigor in clinical trails, not rigor mortis of the review process. New technologies such as biomedical imaging can increase rigor by providing objective, quantitative measures of device efficacy. Furthermore, a variety of digital technologies for management of clinical trails data and for computerization of the regulatory submission and review process should also be encouraged. In sum, policy should encourage technologies that facilitate the clinical trails and regulatory review process, while increasing scientific rigor.


A series of SnO2–Gd2O3 mixed oxides were grown in aqueous medium by varying the thermodynamic parameters by hydrothermal method. X ray diffraction data identified tetragonal phases corresponding to tin oxide. The average crystallite size of the samples were between 21 and 31 nm. The morphological studies were conducted using scanning electron microscopy and compositional purity confirmed using energy dispersive spectroscopy. Detailed dielectric studies on the samples were performed in the frequency range 100 Hz–5 MHz, which showed that dielectric constant decreases with frequency in the low frequency range, whereas remains constant at higher frequencies. Impedance analysis is used to explain the effects of grain and grain boundary on transport mechanism of Gd:SnO2 particles synthesised at various pH.


The invention discloses a method and a device for separated operation of cylinders of a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine. The method and the device are characterized in that the method and the device are implemented by unchanging an existing valve mechanism of the internal combustion engine and additionally arranging a valve opening device and a program control integration module for controlling the valve opening device. When the cylinder corresponding to the valve opening device needs to be in the gas compression resistance free state, the program control integration module sends a fuel supply stopping command to a fuel supply device corresponding to the cylinder and an operation command to the valve opening device, so that the cylinder is in the fuel-free and valve opening state, and further, fuel is saved while emission is reduced.


Line formation of migrating birds is well-accepted to be caused by birds exploiting wake benefits to save energy expenditure. A flying bird generates wingtip trailing vortices that stir the surrounding air upward and downward, and the following bird can get a free supportive lift when positioned at the upward airflow region. However, little to no attention has been paid to clarifying birds' interests in energy saving, namely, do birds intend to reduce their individual energy consumption or the total energy of the flock? Here, by explicitly considering birds' interests, we employ a modified fixed-wing wake model that includes the wake dissipation to numerically reexamine the energy saving mechanism in line formation. Surprisingly, our computations show that line formation cannot be explained simply by energy optimization. This remains true whether birds are selfish or cooperative. However, line formations may be explained by strategies optimizing energy cost and either avoiding collision or maintaining vision comfort. We also find that the total wake benefit of the formation attained by selfish birds does not differ much from that got by cooperative birds, the maximum that birds can attain. This implies that selfish birds are still able to fly in formation with very high efficiency of energy saving. In addition, we explore the hypothesis that birds are empathetic and would like to optimize their own energy cost and the neighbors'. Our analysis shows that if birds are more empathetic, the resulting line formation shape deviates more from a straight line, and the flock enjoys higher total wake benefit. Author summary Migratory birds can achieve remarkable performance and efficiency in energy exploitation during annual round-trip migration flight. Theoretical and experimental results have shown that this might be achieved because birds fly together in formation with specific shapes, e.g. the noticeable V formation, to utilize the aerodynamic benefits generated by their flock mates. However, it is still unclear whether energy-guided behavior indeed can lead to these formations. We show that the special formation adopted by migratory birds cannot be explained purely by the energy exploitation mechanism, and that birds' vision performance and collision avoidance very likely also play important roles in the formation emergence. Our results imply that birds fly together in formation because of energy saving, but the specific shape of the formation depends on non-aerodynamic reasons. The research provides further understandings of the emergence of migratory formation and the energy saving mechanism of animal groups. It may also indicate that wing flapping, currently not considered, has an important effect on the way birds exploit aerodynamic benefits from others during the formation flight.


Grain boundaries play an important role in the transport properties of oxide ion conducting electrolytes and mixed ionic electronic conductors. Nevertheless, very little is known about the electrical grain boundary properties in thin films. In these, the separation of in-plane grain and grain boundary conductivity is more complicated due to the large capacitive effect of the insulating substrate. This can be overcome by using interdigitating electrodes with separation of few micrometres. By comparing grain and grain boundary conductivities of Gd-doped Ceria (GDC) thin films with 5 and 10 mol % Gd content, we can show that the much lower conductivity of 5% doped GDC is almost exclusively caused by a significantly higher grain boundary resistance. In reducing atmosphere, GDC becomes mixed ion and electron conducting and in such conditions, the employed Pt thin film electrodes are virtually blocking for oxygen anions and reversible for electrons. With impedance spectroscopy we can therefore simultaneously measure ionic and electronic conductivities under reducing conditions. Although the bulk vacancy concentration remains dominated by the extrinsic acceptor doping, the ionic conductivity of the films increases by up to one order of magnitude when going from oxidising to reducing atmosphere. This result is—although in such a clear manner not observed or predicted before—in line with the widely accepted grain boundary space charge model. It is concluded that an accumulation of Ce3+ in the space charge zone weakens the oxygen vacancy depletion and therefore increases the grain boundary conductivity. The results are of high relevance for understanding and optimising the properties of GDC in anodes and electrolytes for solid oxide fuel cells, and potential new uses such as electrostrictive and memristive devices, for which oxygen partial pressure dependent ionic conductivity is an important new aspect.


The polishing process never produces perfect optical surfaces. There are always various local defects, that come from the bulk, knocks, polishing process, and microundulation called roughness. The study is limited to the case of defects on the pupil of the stigmatic optical instrument. We study successively the effect of roughness and local defects on the image of a point object, on the image of a low contrast bare target, the image of a bare target when a bright light source, by example the sun, illuminates the pupil of the instrument.


Tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) has exhibited a favourable safety profile on estimated glomerular filtration (eGFR) and bone mineral density (BMD), but has not been extensively studied in patients with renal impairment and/or BMD disorders.


Incorporation of fresh‐plant water extracts of resistant and susceptible rice varieties into artificial media showed that larvae of Chilo suppressalis (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) have a definite preference for the susceptible variety (Rexoro) over a resistant variety (TKM 6), and suffered significantly poor growth on the other resistant variety (Taitung 16). Antibiosis in TKM 6 and Taitung 16 is attributed, at least in part, to biophysical and biochemical factors, respectively.


According to Graham Sumner "social institution as a concept and a structure, the former meaning ideas, notion, doctrine, interest and the latter a framework, or apparatus, or perhaps only a number of functionaries set to cooperate in prescribed ways at a certain conjuncture." In simple terms, Social institution can be defined as culture patterns influencing human behavior and it are through this social institution that human beings obtain a large part of their material, social and cultural satisfaction. Social institutions are patterns that direct the behavior of human beings in their manifold activities. The basic social institutions are the family; religion; marriage and education or etc.But our concerning point is that: * What are the main reasons for breakdown of family system? * What are the changes took place in the marriage or religious activities? * The role of government and non governmental organization to uplift the education in India? According to Le Play, the family in its accepted form is like religion and property, an imperishable institution, but its types undergo considerable modifications. The main issue of the family system is that now the joint family system is breakdown into the nuclear family. The main reason is the industrialization or better standard of living. In marriages some changes also took place like the marriageable age because in the 18th or 19th century there was not any marriageable age was prescribed but now the age is prescribed and there are some strict act also made to prohibit the child marriages or etc. And if we talking about the religious activities then we cant forget Article 25 to 28 of the Indian constitution that India is a secular country and our government cannot interfere with the religious activities of any religion. In education some major changes took place like free education is provided to girls. Through sarva shiksha Abhiyaan government tries to curb the grass root education problems. Now Article 21 A introduced by our government in the Indian constitution. CONCLUSION: The main aim of this project is that to know how the social institutions are changed and how law will work to curb the problem in our society. The paradimenshift in the social institution shows that now are society accepted the changes and our government tries to curb the problems like child marriages or etc.Through sarva shiksha abhiyaan or free education government tries to solve the grass root education problem. This are the some changes which the researcher identifies but we want some more efforts in the part of government or non governmental organizations.


Flying ad-hoc network (FANET) is characterized by key component features such as communication scheme, energy awareness, and task distribution. In this research, a surveillance space considering standard petroleum pipe was created with three drones viz: drone 1 (D1), master drone (DM), and drone 2 (D2) to survey as FANET. DM aggregate packets from D1, D2 and communicate with the static ground control station (SGCS). The starting point of the three drones and their trajectories during deployment were calculated and simulated. Selection of DM, D1, and D2 was done using battery level before take-off. Simulation results show take-off time difference which depends on the distance of each drone to the SGCS during deployment. D1 take-off first, while DM and D2 followed after 0.0704 and 0.1314 ms respectively. The position-oriented routing protocols results indicated variation of information flow within time notch due to variation in the density of the transmitted packets. Packets delivery periods are 0.00136×103 sec, 0.00110×103 sec, and 0.00246×103 sec for time notch 1, 2, and aggregating time notch respectively. From the results obtained, two algorithms were used successfully in deploying the drones


The credit market at the present stage of development is a mechanism of funds distribution, which ensures the transformation of monetary capital into a loan.The functioning of this market affects all economic entities, since the lack of financial resources negatively influences not only individuals and legal entities, but also inhibits innovative development of the national economy, reduces opportunities for expanding the activities of economic entities and significantly plunges into the credit rating of the country as a whole.Accordingly, given the objective importance of the credit market for the economy development of any country, the issue of conducting new scientific research in the field of this market studying, the features of its functioning are important.The purpose of the study is to substantiate the essence of the credit market, the features of its functioning in economic systems of different hierarchical levels through the study of the basic conceptual approaches to considering its concept.In the course of the research, the main theoretical trends in determining the essence of the "credit" definition were thoroughly considered, this made it possible to find out that a loan is not a tool and source of extended reproduction, acts as a resource for profit both by the lender and the borrower, and also contributes to the development of innovative processes in economy. In addition, the content of the "market" category was investigated, which made it possible to distinguish different approaches to the interpretation of this concept. Based on these two concepts, the essence of the credit market was considered, the approaches to the interpretation of this category were given, common and specific features characteristic for the credit market were revealed.Based on this, the author proposed the following definition that the credit market is a specific economic space, where there is an interaction between the lender and the borrower about the purchase and sale of loan capital, in order to meet public and own needs through a system of banking and non-banking financial and credit institutions according to the basic principles.


William H. Graves is professor emeritus of mathematics at the University of North Carolina (UNC) at Chapel Hill. From 1989 to 1997, he also served UNC as senior technology officer (under various titles) and as founder and director of the Institute for Academic Technology. Graves took leave from the University in 1997 to found the nonprofit Collegis Research Institute (with support from Collegis, Inc.). In 1999 he retired from UNC to found Eduprise, an academic technology services firm that subsequently merged with Collegis, Inc. The company is now known as SunGard Collegis Inc.; Graves serves as senior vice president for academic strategy. He is a pioneering leader in helping higher education better manage information technology (IT) and apply it to improve institutional performance.


The study focuses on the use pattern of Competitive Examination and Career Information Centres (CE&CICs) of the
Public Libraries in the state of Karnataka. The researcher has obtained responses from the users pertaining to the use
various sources of information. Paper mainly focuses on the use pattern of information sources for taking competitive
examinations, getting placement opportunities and appearing for national level eligibility tests. The study has also
covered region-wise and qualification-wise responses of members for preparing examinations such as UPSC, KPSC,
SSC and UGC-NET and Railway Recruit Board.


In line with the general remit of the journal to produce useful high quality papers on issues of importance to users of mental health services, this issue of the Journal of Mental Health is devoted to stigma, discrimination and mental illness. As many of us who work in the mental health field know, individuals with mental illness experience the double-edged sword of managing both their illness and the negative attitudes and behaviours from the community. It has an effect on all aspects of their lives. There is evidence of less favourable social interactions, discrimination in work opportunities and housing as well as their access to health care. Some of this discrimination results from a genuine misunderstanding of the nature of mental ill health but in other cases, the stereotype of particularly severe mental illness has been so absorbed and framed in all types of media that it seems almost impossible to dispel these myths in the general public. This issue is devoted to research that may help in this endeavour.


Purpose Hyperbilirubinemia is a common cause of newborn readmissions. Few studies have explored risk factors for readmissions due to hyperbilirubinemia in a racially and ethnically diverse population. The purpose of this study was to describe risk factors associated with hospital readmissions due to hyperbilirubinemia and to elaborate upon racial and ethnic identities potentially associated with hyperbilirubinemia. Methods We abstracted medical records of all cases of newborn readmissions at our institution due to hyperbilirubinemia during the 2014-'15 year. We also abstracted data …


We solve the one-dimensional Schr\"odinger equation with a periodic potential and a kinetic-energy operator -(1/${2\mathrm{m}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\alpha}}}$[\ensuremath{\Elzxh}(d/dz)]${\mathit{m}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\beta}}}$[\ensuremath{\Elzxh}(d/dz)]${\mathit{m}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\alpha}}}$, where 2\ensuremath{\alpha}+\ensuremath{\beta}=-1 and the mass m depends on z. With the effective-mass theory, we have derived the subband structures of several GaAs/${\mathrm{Al}}_{\mathrm{x}}$${\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{x}}$As multiple-quantum-well samples. When we fit our calculated intersubband transition energies to optical data by adjusting the \ensuremath{\beta} and the conduction-band offset coefficient Q, the fit is not sensitive to \ensuremath{\beta}, which can be explained from our analytical formula. However, the results depend on the value of Q. We obtain best fits around 0.82\ensuremath{\le}Q\ensuremath{\le}0.89 without exciton correction. With the exciton binding energy properly deduced, good fits are also obtained when we set Q\ensuremath{\approxeq}0.65. .AE


Risk profile of a working plant is one of the most important topics these days. The risk profile of plant/ equipment is a kind of new method and different approach for planning and troubleshooting in the electric power industry. This paper discusses this new method of risk assessment of equipment operation in the working plants, the whole procedure is designed, developed and implemented for the equipment risk assessment, and the use of each part in the scheme is described in detail. Then, the several recommendations are proposed to increase the effectiveness of the scheme, and the scheme of the plant equipment risk assessment is summarized, the advantages and disadvantages of the scheme are explained.


Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of nonpenetrating trabeular surgery (NPTS) with different drainage implants.Methods:We randomly divided 31 cases(40 eyes) of primary open-angle glaucoma into two gruops each 20 eyes.Group A:NPTS and amniotic membrane transplantation.Group B:NPTS and reticulated hyaluronic acid.All surgical eyes used MMC and removable suture.Postoperatively,intraocular pressure (IOP),anterior chamber reactions and the bleb appearance were observed.Results: The mean follow-up was one year .The successful rate of Group A and Grcup B was 85%,90%,respectively.There are no difference between Group A and Group B( X 2=0.39, P 0.5).The complications such as flat chamber,inflammation reaction and choroidal detachment were not observed.The visual acuity remained unchanged.Conclusions:Amniotic membrane and hyaluronic acid gel can be used for NPTS drainage implants.The amniotic membrane is cheaper substitude for hyaluronic acid gel.


Diffusion models (DMs) have become the new trend of generative models and have demonstrated a powerful ability of conditional synthesis. Among those, text-to-image diffusion models pre-trained on large-scale image-text pairs are highly controllable by customizable prompts. Unlike the unconditional generative models that focus on low-level attributes and details, text-to-image diffusion models contain more high-level knowledge thanks to the vision-language pre-training. In this paper, we propose VPD (Visual Perception with a pre-trained Diffusion model), a new framework that exploits the semantic information of a pre-trained text-to-image diffusion model in visual perception tasks. Instead of using the pre-trained denoising autoencoder in a diffusion-based pipeline, we simply use it as a backbone and aim to study how to take full advantage of the learned knowledge. Specifically, we prompt the denoising decoder with proper textual inputs and refine the text features with an adapter, leading to a better alignment to the pre-trained stage and making the visual contents interact with the text prompts. We also propose to utilize the cross-attention maps between the visual features and the text features to provide explicit guidance. Compared with other pre-training methods, we show that vision-language pre-trained diffusion models can be faster adapted to downstream visual perception tasks using the proposed VPD. Extensive experiments on semantic segmentation, referring image segmentation and depth estimation demonstrates the effectiveness of our method. Notably, VPD attains 0.254 RMSE on NYUv2 depth estimation and 73.3% oIoU on RefCOCO-val referring image segmentation, establishing new records on these two benchmarks. Code is available at https://github.com/wl-zhao/VPD


This paper investigates the inventory sharing policy in an assembly system with random demand time. A Stackelberg game has been built in a similar supply chain setting: manufacturer first decide the length of time period that for supplier taking charge of the inventory, and then followed by supplier chooses a best deliver time to manufacture. The research not only finds out the optimal decisions for both parties but also provide a relatively simple mechanism to achieve the supply chain coordination. The result shows that comparing to the traditional VMI policy, inventory sharing policy is always a better choice no matter for the supply chain or the manufacturer.


In this paper, a novel group sparse canonical correlation analysis (GSCCA) method is proposed for simultaneous electroencephalogram (EEG) channel selection and emotion recognition. GSCCA is a group sparse extension of the conventional CCA method to model the linear correlationship between emotional EEG class label vectors and the corresponding EEG feature vectors. In contrast to conventional CCA method or previous GSCCA methods, a major advantage of our GSCCA method is the ability of handling the group feature selection problem from raw EEG features, which makes it very suitable for simultaneously coping with both EEG emotion recognition and automatic channel selection issues where each EEG channel is associated with a group of raw EEG features. To deal with EEG emotion recognition problem, we adopt the popularly used frequency feature to describe the EEG signal by dividing the full EEG frequency band into five parts, i.e., <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\boldsymbol {\delta }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\boldsymbol {\theta }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\boldsymbol {\alpha }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\boldsymbol {\beta }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\boldsymbol {\gamma }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> frequency bands, and then extract the frequency band features from each band for GSCCA model learning and emotion recognition. Finally, we conduct extensive experiments on EEG-based emotion recognition based on the SJTU emotion EEG dataset and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed GSCCA method would outperform the state-of-the-art EEG-based emotion recognition approaches.


bothenzymes werepresent and werefoundmainly intheextramitochondrial material ofhomogenates. When anaerobic cultures wereaerated, theamountofaerobic enzymeincreased steadily overa 24-hperiod, sothatattheendofthistime, aerated cells contained predominantly aerobic enzyme. During this sameperiod, theamountofnonaerobicenzymedecreased. Thepercentage ofaerobic enzymethatsedimented with themitochondria increased steadily during this period ofaeration, sothat, atthe endof24hofaeration, essentially all oftheaerobic enzymesedimented withthe mitochondria. Thenonaerobic enzymewasnever found inthis cellular compartment. Previous studies withtheyeast Saccharomycescerevisiae haveshownthattwodifferent forms oftheenzymeacetyl coenzyme Asynthetase(ACS)arepresent, depending uponthe conditions under whichthecells aregrown. Enzymeobtained fromcells grownfor48hunder aerobic conditions differs inanumberofways fromthatobtained fromnonaerobic cultures of this organism. Theaerobic ACSexhibits aKm value foracetate approximately 10times lower thanthatofthenonaerobic ACS,andtheKm value forATPisabout three- tofourfold lower


Uncertainties of renewable energy and load have become one of the major challenges for operation of power system. This paper studies a two-stage stochastic economic dispatch model considering uncertainties from both renewable energy and load. Dispatch decisions are separated into here-and-now and wait-and-see optimization variables where uncertainties of renewable energy and load are modelled as multiple scenarios. In two-stage stochastic dispatch, the second-stage decision rule is crucial for effective redispatch actions. We compare the affine decision rule with fully adaptive decision rule in stochastic dispatch model in this paper. Result of numerical tests shows that conservativeness of affine policy and the variability of renewable generation and load are positively correlated.


This paper presents work on a project researching the contribution which franchising can make to improved responsiveness among manufacturing companies. A number of papers have been published already. This paper considers the established practices of franchising in the service industry and the extent to which they can be applied directly in manufacturing or whether different approaches are needed. The paper presents a definition of manufacturing franchising, indicating key characteristics. The typical steps in establishing a franchise are presented. This is followed by a discussion of the principal aspects of franchising, indicating their likely impact in manufacturing. The conclusion summarises the key points of this discussion.


The e.s.r. spectra of u.v.- and γ-irradiated poly-(2,6-dimethylphenylene oxide) in solution and in the solid state have been interpreted in terms of the formation of a dimethylphenoxyl radical (I) as the only major radical. In benzene at room temperature the magnetic parameters for this radical are gav= 2·0047, aMe(I)= 6·2 G, aMe(II)= 5·1 G, and aH(ring)= 1·1 G. In the solid polymer the same radical has effectively isotropic coupling of 5·7 G to the two nearly equivalent methyl groups and g⊥= 2·0024, g∥= 2·0063. At 77 K, after radiolysis in air, the characteristic spectrum of peroxyl-radicals (RO2·) was observed, but irradiation of polymer under vacuum yielded radical (I) together with at least two other radicals. Dipolar interaction between radical pairs has been inferred from the presence of a signal, at g= 4. Radical (I) was present in low concentration even before exposure to radiation, which may mean that it is an intermediate in the synthesis of the polymer.


Indium phosphide (InP) nanocrystals have emerged as a viable alternative to heavy metal-based colloidal quantum dots for optoelectronic applications. Traditionally, the presence of trace amounts of...


This paper proposes a family of tools based on Markov modeling to quantitatively analyze how people access the digital collections of the Bibliotheque nationale de France (BnF, the national library of France), through the web platform called Gallica. The aim is to provide the BnF with relevant information about the various usage patterns to help them to better understand their users, improve the mediation efforts and the design of the website, in order to increase the general public use of the 4M-documents collection. For that purpose, the study focuses on the access logs retrieved from the Apache HTTP servers of Gallica that are converted into sequences of actions. In order to study user navigation behaviors, we propose to model the access log data using Markov Models, whether it be Markov chains when considering sequences of actions without duration, or Markov processes when taking into account duration. Our models are either used to capture an average behavior through meaningful statistics or to cluster the data to exhibit various interpretable types of usage. The numerical results bring new insights on the way the users interact with the platform, highlighting the mean duration of some actions such as the interaction with the search engine or the consultation of documents. Even if our approach requires the use of additional information in order to properly interpret the models and the correlations that it highlights, it is able to discover all types of behaviors, including the stealthiest and the most difficult to capture in traditional surveys, giving them their fair weight in terms of audience. We also show how this approach fits into a broader work combining data mining and ethnography.


In sync with the growth of voucher, charter school, and open enrollment policies over the last two decades, philosophers of education have debated the merits of school choice with respect to equal educational opportunity (EEO). An early conjecture held that increased accessibility to high quality education through parental choice policies could offer an avenue to transform the exclusion and segregation that have long characterized affluent families' choices of coveted neighborhoods and private schools. Extensive empirical research has since found, however, that the policies have resulted in increased school segregation by social class, race, and attributed ability, without an overall change in academic outcomes.1 Yet because relatively little research has examined how parents' choices result in increased segregation, the philosophical debate has centered on a weighing of broad outcomes against abstract ideals of EEO. Without a solid footing in the experiential realities of parental choice, philosophers have left assumptions about parental decision-making processes unquestioned.2 This results in missing contextual information that could impact conclusions about how best to advance EEO in school choice systems.


Objective To investigate the relationship and clinical significance between the DC subsets and nature killer cell of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer.Methods Flow cytometry was used to detect DC subsets,NK cell percent and Interleukin-12 in the peripheral blood of 40 patients with advanced NSCLC and 10 healthy controls.Results The expression of CD11c+DC(0.66±0.24)% in peripheral blood in advanced NSCLC patients,was decreased more significantly than that in normal controls(1.38±0.18)%(P0.01).The expression of CD123+ DC in peripheral blood in advanced NSCLC patients was(0.28±0.17)%,with no significant difference compared with that in controls(0.27±0.11)%(P0.05).The percentage of NK cell of patients were lower than control(P0.05).The plasma concentration of IL-12 of patients was significantly decreased(P0.01).The correlation analysis showed that NK cell percentage was negatively correlated to percentage CD123+ DC percentage(P0.05),and positive correlated to CD11c+DC and IL-12(P0.01).The expression of DC subsets had correlation with KPS and chemotherapy history(P0.01),NK cell percent just had correlation with age.Conclusion The advanced NSCLC may induce significant decreasing expression of DC1,blocking secretion of lnterleukin-12 and may induce significant decreasing activity of NK cell.There is a much closed relationship between the expression of DC subsets and NK cell percent of patients as well as the clinical biological behaviors of patients with advanced NSCLC.


With the database, data warehouse, data warehouse technology based information system application in all walks of life, making huge amounts of data being produced. There are so many data makes it di cult to digest, they cannot see the useful information contained on the surface, not to mention the e ective guidance for further work. To nd useful information from a large amount of data has become the focus of attention, data mining technology is accompanied by a demand from research to application.


Abstract Background Mucosal melanoma is the second most common subtype of melanoma in China and head and neck region is one of the main sites of this disease. Aims/Objectives Analyzed the phenotypes of C-Kit, NRAS, PDGFRA and BRAF genes in patients with in different locations to explore the characteristics of gene mutations. Material and Methods 96 patients were included in this study. C-Kit (exons 9, 11, 13, 17 and 18), NRAS (exons 1 and 2), PDGFRA (exons 12, 14 and 18) and BRAF (exons 11 and 15) were analyzed by PCR amplification and Sanger sequencing. Results 14 (14.58%) patients had C-Kit mutation, 6 (6.25%) had BRAF mutation, 23 (23.96%) had PDGFRA mutation, and 12 (12.50%) had NRAS mutation. The NRAS mutation (p = 0.037, 95%CI: 1.050–4.572) was an independent factor affecting distant metastasis and was most commonly found in the nasal cavity/paranasal sinuses (p = .043) while the BRAF mutation was more common in locations other than the nasal cavity/paranasal sinus (p = .008) and was associated with local recurrence. Conclusions and Significance Gene phenotypes of mucosal melanoma in different locations has differences. Lesions in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinus should be assessed separately from other parts such as the nasopharynx.


Chapter 1 Introduction: A Theoretical Overview Chapter 2 The Case of Chiapas, Mexico Chapter 3 The Case of Gaza Chapter 4 The Case of South Africa Chapter 5 The Case of Pakistan Chapter 6 The Case of Rwanda Chapter 7 Key Findings


Upper management departures and shifts in Class I railroads highlight the industry's increased awareness of and need for aggressive recruiting and nurturing of top talent. The departures of Canadian National President and CEO Paul Tellier for Bombardier and CSX Corp.'s John Snow leaving to become President Bush's Treasury Secretary were two notable recent developments. Class Is are stepping up their management-trainee programs that give upper level employees cross- functional experience. They are also identifying employees with high potential for upper management positions and linking them to mentors. Both CN and CSX have programs to address these concerns. Among the other approaches is bringing in executives from other industries, as CN did when they hired a human resources executive from H.J. Heinz, a consumer products company. Developing a higher brand-awareness of the industry as a whole, improving compensation packages and company perks, and developing a more strategic succession process are among the approaches described.


A new study shows that the combination of digital mammography plus tomosynthesis results in fewer false positive results compared with digital mammography alone. Women under the age of 50 and those with dense breasts had the greatest benefit from the combined screening approach.


The article examines the issues of marketing analysis of the external environment in the aspect of development of information and communication infrastructure of marketing. The authors present the results of marketing analysis of the external environment of small businesses company operating in the local market in the segment of photographic services. The analysis of trends and processes occurring in the marketing environment showed current changes in the sectors of photographic services. The article highlights the direction of adaptation to the environment and customer orientation. It shows the importance of proper use of the elements of the research information and communication infrastructure of marketing in activities of small enterprises.


A comparative study of routing techniques is carried out for LEO constellations interconnecting high speed terrestrial networks, assuming Poisson and Self-Similar input traffic. Shortest path routing as well as optimal routing (flow deviation) methods are applied for balanced and unbalanced traffic load and for uniform and non uniform distribution of the earth stations. The performance of flow deviation method is shown to be very successful even for the LEO complicated networks, for both Poisson or Self-Similar input. A modification of the classic flow deviation algorithm regarding the number of paths we work with is proposed. Indeed, it is proved that a k-paths flow deviation method is always easy to obtain and gives robust results for any traffic pattern at a very affordable algorithmic complexity.


would have enabled better understanding about the varieties of fandom even within the same musical genre in the face of monolithic studies. The strength of the collection is that it includes work from a range of disciplines, bringing together media studies perspectives (like Bennett's on celebrity) and sociological perspectives (like Sinclair and Hagen's use of subcultural theory). There is also a good mix of fandom sites (e.g., music, sports, television) and global and digital locales, as well as mixture of theoretical and empirically based chapters, only some of which I have considered here. By far for me, the first part on thinking through definitions of fandom was most beneficial. The main weakness of the book is the variation in quality so that brilliant, groundbreaking chapters like Sandvoss and Kearns' sit alongside underdeveloped chapters like that by the Janissary Collective. Nevertheless, this is a good overview of current research in fandom and those new to the field will find evidence of its health. There is a sense of the field's history, its crucial questions, its range of disciplinary perspectives, and fandom sites: it makes a useful addition to fan studies.