Over the last few years, the European Commission adopted a number of important State aid decisions in the postal sector. One of these decisions concerned the compensation granted by the Belgian Government to bpost for the delivery of services of general economic interest ("SGEIs") over 2013-2015. Among these SGEIs figure the early delivery of newspapers and the distribution of periodicals at reduced prices (the "Press Distribution SGEI"), which the Belgian Government considers as "particularly important to ensure a wide distribution of the written press throughout Belgium in order to enhance the level of information and diversity of opinion, and to foster public participation in the political debate." As regards the Press Distribution SGEI, the Belgian authorities committed to organize a competitive, transparent and non-discriminatory tendering procedure with a view to award a service concession at national level by end of 2014 to the selected operator that will take over the provision of press distribution SGEI as of 1 January 2016. This paper addresses some of the key questions faced by the Belgian Governement with respect to the organisation of the tender for Press Distribution SGEI. Given the limited experience in tendering SGEIs in Europe, this is a challenging exercise, which the Commission will look at with a keen interest given its insistence that compensation for the provision of SGEIs be attributed through a tendering procedure. While the Altmark judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union ("CJEU") suggested that tendering a SGEI may be one of the ways in which the compensation paid for the provision of this service could escape the State aid qualification, the Commission's so-called "SGEI Package" makes it clear that the tendering of SGEIs is compulsory if the contracting authority wants to ensure that the compensation is not qualified as State aid. Against this background, this paper is divided in five sections. Section II briefly analyses the Altmark decision and the Commission's SGEI package with a specific focus on the 2012 Communication of the Commission on the application of the European Union ("EU") State aid rules to compensation granted for the provision of services of general economic interest (the "Communication"), which elaborates on the so-called Altmark conditions. Section III discusses some of the challenges suggested by international experience with respect to the organisation of tenders. As will be seen, tendering may be affected by the irrational behaviour of some tenderers (the so-called "winner's curse"), as well as strategic behaviour ("moral hazard") with the risk that the service is not provided at the right level of quality or is even discontinued. Section IV analyses these challenges in the context of the Belgian tender for the Press Distribution SGEI and suggests ways in which they can be addressed. Finally, Section V briefly concludes.


Electrocardiograms taken on 451 young soldiers during a nutrition survey were read independently by 5 different observers. Seventeen records were considered "abnormal" by one or more observers; there was good agreement on 6 of the most marked abnormalities, but lesser deviations from normality among the 11 remaining tracings led to rather wide differences in opinion. The same 17 tracings were reinterpreted by each observer without knowledge of his earlier diagnosis; there were between 2 and 9 reclassifications, according to observer. Thirty-four tracings designated as "borderline" by one or more readers presented further variations in interpretation. All observers agreed, however, on the normality of the remaining 400 records. Observer variation would be reduced if reports on electrocardiograms were made primarily in terms of objective description rather than diagnostic interpretation.


: In the previous amount of research was conducted and an attempt has been made to analyse the structure behavior and compare the results of buildings with shear wall and without shear wall. So we thought to use staadpro V8i to analysis the regular tall building with shear walls at different locations. It is relevant that tall buildings are increasing day by day hence it is the study necessary for development of architectural point of view. To make the structure economical and efficient by locating shear wall and see what the effects on structure are? Very little work is found related to regular tall building three buildings with same plan and different storey's with two configurations. The storey's of lateral displacement are obtained and compared to Each other for different models to meet the shear wall effect in four different zones as per Code IS 1893-part1 2002.The Study Involves The Orientation Of Shear Wall. The Buildings Are Modeled With Floor Area Of 20mx30m. With 4 Bays Along 20 Span And 6Bays Along 30m And Each Bay Width Of 5m .The Lateral Displacement Of The Structure Is Compared In with shear wall and without shear wall And The Lateral Displacement Values Of Current Floor Level To Another Floor Level Should Reach Storey Drift .The Design Loads Values Are Calculated From The Standard Is Codes Of IS 456-2000, IS 1893- IN 2000.The Analysis Is Done In Staadprov8i.


Since the outbreak of the COVID-19, the logistics industry has suffered a serious blow. This paper first analyzes the impact of the epidemic on Shunfeng Company; Secondly, the preferential tax policies for the development of logistics enterprises issued by the state since the outbreak of the epidemic are sorted out; Thirdly, analyze the influence of preferential tax policy on SF Express; Finally, some suggestions are put forward.


Direct Torque Control (DTC) for Induction Motors using Matrix Converters is a high performance motor control scheme with fast torque and flux responses. This paper presents a new control scheme based on hybrid particle swarm optimization (HPSO). The main advantages of the matrix converter are combines with those of the DTC technique, generating the required voltage vectors under 0.9 input power factor operations. The results demonstrate the good quality and robustness in the system dynamic response and reduction in the steady-state and transient motor ripple torque.


There is a great joy reading a book that accomplishes what it aims for. Readers can experience such a joy from reading Buchanan's The Hacker and the State. The tremendous spread of the internet to ...


A distributed dynamic collaboration approach built in peer-to-peer (P2P) architecture is presented to acquire, transmit and process information in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Several practically feasible measures of energy consumption and information utility was introduced in collaborative signal processing (CSP) for nodes selection. Then we introduce a target tracking method and present a simple but robust algorithm to integrate the results from multiple nodes. Furthermore, we introduce a progressive fusion tracking strategy based on P2P collaborative signal processing (P2P-CSP) mechanism. Finally, we illustrate an indoor tracking experiment, as well as compare the energy consumption and time delay of P2P- CSP and client/server mechanism. Experimental results verify that the proposed algorithm is a scalable, progressive, energy-efficient and robust way for target tracking


The aim of software maintenance is to maintain the software system in accordance with advancement in software and hardware technology. One of the early works on software maintenance is to extract information at higher level of abstraction. In this paper, we present the process of how to design an information extraction tool for software maintenance. The tool can extract the basic information from old programs such as about variables, based classes, derived classes, objects of classes, and functions. The tool have two main parts; the lexical analyzer module that can read the input file character by character, and the searching module which users can get the basic information from the existing programs. We implemented this tool for a patterned sub-C++ language as an input file. Keywords—Extraction tool, software maintenance, reverse engineering, C++.


This series inspects the major topics in finance, reviewing the roles of stockholder wealth maximization, the risk-return tradeoff, and agency conflicts. The current article, devoted to dividend policy, also reviews the topic as presented in textbooks and the literature.


Many countries are expressing growing policy concerns about their ageing populations and difficulties in funding adequate pension provision, and the consequent need to encourage people to stay longer in the labour force. There is also growing policy interest in encouraging those who have left the labour market to continue their involvement in learning and in voluntary work in the community, so reducing health bills and harnessing their social contribution. But no country has yet systematically addressed the potential role of career guidance services in these various respects, and more generally in helping individuals to manage more gradual and more flexible approaches to 'retirement'. This report places the need for third-age guidance in a strong policy context, with compelling evidence and clear recommendations for action.


This study aims to analyze the learning of slow learners and find out the causes of slow learning among students in the class IV B SD Negeri Petir  3 Tangerang city. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection methods of observation, interviews, questionnaires and documentation. The results of the analysis in this study showed that there were three slow learners in class IV B SD Negeri Petir 3 Tangerang city. The three slow learners in learning activities often lag behind their friends, getting grades below the Minimum Completeness Criteria (KKM), more passive, less focused when the teacher explains the material, and difficulties in memorizing and understanding. This is because the cognitive slow learning students are limited, so that every time they work on a problem given by the teacher, the answers are not in accordance with the questions and are filled in as best they can. This makes it difficult for teachers, because they do not only focus on students with special needs but also regular students. There are factors that cause the three students to learn slowly in class IV B namely Poverty factor and Parental Intelligence Factor.


Ascidians are marine invertebrate chordates that are closely related to vertebrates. The colonial ascidian Botryllus schlosseri represents a model system for the study of homeostasis and regeneration. During its weekly budding cycle known as blastogenesis, new buds are generated by asexual reproduction, and as they reach functional maturity, replace the old asexual generation of adult zooids. During this phase of blastogenesis (called takeover), the entire generation of adult zooids undergoes apoptotic programmed cell death (PCD) followed by its resorption and clearance by circulating phagocytes within 24–36 hours. The goal of the present study was to investigate the spatio‐temporal relationship between PCD and mitosis using polyester wax‐embedded serial sections from colonies at various phases of the blastogenetic cycle. We have used an immunofluorescence microscopy approach in conjunction with the use of an antibody against phospho histone H3 (pHH3) to detect mitotic cells. Here, we demonstrate that mitosis is largely restricted to tissues and organs of developing buds as well as male germline cells of both buds and adult zooids. We are currently using pHH3 immunoreactivity simultaneously with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP end‐labeling (TUNEL assay) to respectively visualize mitotic and apoptotic cells respectively. Experiments are currently underway to determine how these processes quantitatively differ during growth and death phases of a B. schlosseri colony.


This study considers the problem of generating all minimal solutions of a system of fuzzy relational equations (FREs) with max-Archimedean t-norm composition. It defines the binding matrix of a system of FREs, and then shows that an irredundant covering of the binding matrix corresponds to a minimal solution of the FREs. Consequently, the problem of finding all minimal solutions of the FREs can be transformed into the problem of finding all irredundant coverings of the binding matrix. We propose an algorithm to solve the transformed problem. This algorithm builds all irredundant coverings in a bottom-up manner, i.e., all irredundant coverings of the binding matrix is built from the irredundant coverings of the submatrices of the binding matrix. Once all irredundant coverings have been found, they can be easily converted into the minimal solutions of original FREs.


Introduction. Armenia is a biodiversity hot spot in the Caucasus [1–4]. That is why it is extremely important to identify rare species, describe their distribution, identify key habitat, evaluate the level of anthropogenic pressure, and recommend measures to protect Armenian biodiversity. Southern Armenia is like terra incognita and can provide relevant novelties. The list of rare and endangered species undoubtedly may be extended as Southern Armenia's fauna was systematically studied long ago [5]. Unfortunately, the nature of Southern Armenia is undergoing intensive exploitation that threatens its biodiversity and some unstudied populations are at risk of being decimated before their taxonomy and genetic affinities can be studied. It is very important to research all taxonomical patters of small mammals. On the territory of Armenia the representatives of small mammals, to which the orders of Insectivora, Rodentia Chiropotera belong, are represented accordingly by 11, 34 and 30 species. Among them in the Red Book of Armenia 3 species of Insectivorous, 6 species of Rodents and 10 species of Chiroptera are included [8]. The aim of our study is to gather all existed and collected data on small mammals distribution for the last 4 years. Materials and Methods. The objective of our study was to find out the distribution, abundance and conservation status of small mammals of South Armenia and 17 trips were conducted to the South of Armenia during May–October 2010– –2014. The field research was focused on documenting the distribution and abundance of species of small mammals and gathering the requisite data and materials for morphological and genetic analyses. Data collection and analysis will comprise the following components recorded in the standard field protocol [6].


In our work of in-situ measurement of radionuclide-depth-distribution with in-situ HPGe γ spectrometry,a linear ill-conditioned equation group exists,whose coefficient matrix has big conditional value 3×108.It is difficult to obtain the true solution for that it is high ill-conditioned and the nonnegative solution is required.Many usual solution methods are invalidated.So an effectual EM iteration algorithm method is approached in the paper,which includes three steps: coefficient-matrix-equalization processing,maximum-likelihood processing,and EM-iteration-algorithm establishment.By the solution method presented the true solution was obtained with the approving precision.


The heat treatment of liquefied gas tanker aims at eliminating the welding stress and avoiding the cracks incurred in using the tanker.The local heat treatment is the important manufacturing procedure for liquefied gas tanker K2 modification.The factors causing the bulge after local heat treatment of the tanker are found and the solutions are proposed for guaranteeing the heat treatment quality of liquefied gas tanker K2 modification by analyzing the materials of tanker,heat treatment techniques,equipments and operations.


Systemic fungicides, carbendazim + mancozeb and carbendazim alone completely inhibited the mycelia growth even at 100 and 200 ppm, whereas among non-systemic fungicides, thiram was found to be the most effective and gave 52.77, 62.77 and 85.00% inhibition at 500, 1000 and 1500 ppm concentrations, respectively. Thiram was found to be most effective fungicides in inhibiting the both fungi (68.84 and 58.69%) followed by the indofil M 45 (47.59 and 51.38%). In pot house condition, carbendazim + mancozeb (0.2%) and carbendazim (0.1%) were most effective fungicides in reducing cent percent disease incidence and severity, but it was at par with thiram (82.35; 87.50). In field condition, mulching with transparent polyethylene mulch (25 μm) resulted in highest survival rate (95.83%) and least mortality rate (4.16%) of rooted geranium cuttings after 30 days of germination. The application of carbendazim (Bavistin) at 0.1% when applied individually was also found almost complete control as is evident from low disease incidence (1.04%) and severity (0.52%), considered to be second best treatment. Apparent infection rate (0.0) was observed in carbendazim + mancozeb and carbendazim followed by copper oxychloride (0.006) and carboxin (0.009). Area under disease progress curve was less than 100 in cabendazim + mancozeb and carbendazim.


Carrying out the view of human-based,overall adjustment and sustainable development should attach importance to the research on regional sustainable development of innovation.The ideological innovation is the premise of regional sustainable development;Scientific and technological innovation is the impetus of regional sustainable development;Institutional innovation is the guarantee for the development.


People began to focus on the energy efficiency of EV charging facilities with the rapid development of EV. The energy efficiency evaluation of EV charging network requires a comprehensive reflection of the entire and all aspects of the network. This paper aims to propose a method and a model of energy efficiency evaluation. Firstly EV efficiency factors were analyzed, which were conducted hierarchical classification, and then to calculate factor weights using the G1 group method. Finally energy efficiency evaluation model was established by the analysis of factor set, evaluation set, weighting factor based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation principle. Simulation results show that the result of energy efficiency evaluation by this model not only contained the retail network energy efficiency, but also reflected the various aspects of the network. The model reflected energy efficiency of the whole network meticulously and roundly, which has a strong practical value. Keywords-component; electric vehicle; energy efficiency; fuzzy comprehensive assessment; G1 group


Yagisawa comments that 'Despite their considerable appeal, these arguments are not unassailable' (2005: 39). This is a serious understatement. Both arguments are significantly less appealing than Yagisawa suggests. In particular, the second argument, first given by Kaplan (1989: 498), simply assumes that existence is contingent (§1). Yagisawa's 'new' argument shares this weakness. It also faces a dilemma. Yagisawa must either treat 'at @' as a sentential operator occupying the same grammatical position as '∼' or as supplying an extra argument place. In the former case, Yagisawa's argument faces precisely the problems he concedes that Kaplan's argument does (§2). In the latter case, though the argument does not face these problems, it renders the sense in which things exist contingently no threat to (E) properly understood (§3).


A new method is presented to forecast the solar irradiance of selected wavelength ranges within the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and far ultraviolet (FUV) bands. The technique is similar to a method recently published by Henney et al. (2012) to predict solar 10.7 cm (2.8 GHz) radio flux, abbreviated F10.7, utilizing advanced predictions of the global solar magnetic field generated by a flux transport model. In this and the previous study, we find good correlation between the absolute value of the observed photospheric magnetic field and selected EUV/FUV spectral bands. By evolving solar magnetic maps forward 1 to 7 days with a flux transport model, estimations of the Earth side solar magnetic field distribution are generated and used to forecast irradiance. For example, Pearson correlation coefficient values of 0.99, 0.99, and 0.98 are found for 1 day, 3 day, and 7 day predictions, respectively, of the EUV band from 29 to 32 nm. In the FUV, for example, the 160 to 165 nm spectral band, correlation values of 0.98, 0.97, and 0.96 are found for 1 day, 3 day, and 7 day predictions, respectively. In the previous study, the observed F10.7 signal is found to correlate well with strong magnetic field (i.e., sunspot) regions. Here we find that solar EUV and FUV signals are significantly correlated with the weaker magnetic fields associated with plage regions, suggesting that solar magnetic indices may provide an improved indicator (relative to the widely used F10.7 signal) of EUV and FUV nonflaring irradiance variability as input to ionospheric and thermospheric models.


Food bars is food product innovation needed by some people in certain activities, such as during a disaster (emergency food), sports activities, or even as a high-calorie snack substitute for rice. Taro tuber and cowpea is a local commodity that could potentially be the main ingredient of making food bars. The aim of this research is to determine and study the chemical, physical,  and sensory properties of food bars from composite flour of taro tuber (Colocasia esculenta) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata subsp.unguiculata). The study found that the addition of cowpea flour proportion in food bars production has significant effect on the characteristics of the protein content,lightness and texture. The addition proportion of cowpea flour do not affect the taste and aroma preference level of panelists on food bars products selection . C hemical, physical,  and sensory properties of food bars show the results on the formula taro tuber flour : cowpea flour 60 : 40 with a total sugar of 13.3%; protein content of 14.94%; ash content of 3.12%; brightness level of 43.77; texture of 0.85 mm; taste level value of 4.1; and flavour level value of 4.8. K eywords : food bars, taro tuber, cowpea


We proposes a form of data envelopment analysis that allows estimating the efficiency of food services with stochastic outputs related to predictive inputs in multiple periods by generalized linear autoregressive moving average (GLARMA) model. This form of work allows forecasting the future behavior of the efficiency frontier of a cluster of companies. An example to the decision makers when they face scenarios like those described.


Innovation ecosystems are developing new organization models of collaboration towards sustainability and creation of high impact. It requires the development of new ways of collaboration, both from the academic and company's point of view. This research analyzes the way of working of two innovation ecosystems that are highly supported by Information and Communication Technology (ICT). This way helps research, companies, and society to address their needs by the identification of four impact drivers of success, which are: consultancy, collaboration, education, and mobility. The main findings observed during the long-term collaboration of two innovation ecosystems extend the field of living labs and innovation platforms. Further research could validate and measure the success of the four drivers in the generation of high impact. The research presents practical implications for managers of innovation ecosystems.


The outbreak of war in North China during the summer of 1937 was the watershed in the growth of the revolutionary movement in China. Seemingly overnight the Communist Party made rapid new gains in strength and territory. From a small, isolated soviet in the desolation of North-west China on the Shensi-Kansu border, the Party enlarged its territories, and by the end of the war communist-backed resistance governments ruled huge portions of North and Central China. In the same period Party membership grew from a little over 20,000 members in 1936 to nearly 1,250,000 members at the Seventh Party Congress in April 1945, and the Red Army, which had dwindled to a mere 30,000 men in the course of the Long March, swelled to over one million men by the war's end. This new political and military framework formed the structural backbone which enabled the Communists to come to power four years later.


The article examines two examples of human rights violations, namely, domestic servitude and ritual slavery, which are considered forms of contemporary slavery, as they involve the exploitation of labour and the violation of the right to property. It is argued that the current international protection of children's rights is incapable of abolishing ritual slavery and domestic servitude in countries of West Africa, as children and teenagers are still threatened by the practice of vidomegon in Benin, trokosi in Ghana, and vudusi in Togo. The purpose of the article is to analyse West African forms of ritual slavery and domestic servitude and to demonstrate that the shortcomings of the international children's rights protection system emanate from the inconsistency of international and African perceptions of childhood. With this in mind, the focus is on the conceptual differences between the UN Convention on Children's Rights, the relevant ILO Conventions, the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child and the shortcomings in the definition of slavery in the Slavery Convention of 1926, as well as the Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery, the Slave Trade, and Institutions and Practices Similar to Slavery.


Farmers in India work extremely hard in the farms but still their profit margins are comparatively low. The farmers have very little knowledge about the conditions that cause fluctuations in price of the crop. These fluctuations in the price are due to various factors like irregular rainfall, change in demand-supply, and import-export policies of the government. We, therefore, implemented Holt-winter's Forecasting Model and have incorporated the effects caused by factors such as Rainfall, Exports-Imports & Productivity into the model. This model examines some sample data and based on this data, forecasts the future trend and fluctuations in crop price. This model can help the farmers by providing prediction of price of the crops and thus, to extend the profit margins.


The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) established federal regulations governing the management of health care information.1 Although the first phase of HIPAA regulations went into effect in April of 2003, there is little written in the psychiatric literature about the practical implications of HIPAA for psychiatric practice. This column outlines the main provisions of HIPAA relevant to psychiatric practice: applicability, compliance, protected health information and its disclosure, patient access to records, and protections for psychotherapy notes. Although HIPAA is often considered privacy legislation, we also discuss how HIPAA actually reduces protection for psychiatric records. This column concludes with a practical framework for the management of clinical information in light of HIPAA regulations.


Currently many cities are experiencing a so-called urban renaissance. This has led to large scale rehabilitation of historical centres and living quarters, inflated property prices and to what is generally known as gentrification. Whilst we have seen many attempts to explain these processes through the housing market – focusing either on the demand of the supply side of the market – in this paper I will seek to establish the urban pastoral as a specific mode of urban life, which expresses itself in many ways, one of which might be gentrification.


We exploit three natural experiments in Argentina in order to study the role of legislative malapportionment on the biased federal tax sharing scheme prevalent in the country. We do not find support to attribute it to legislative malapportionment during periods when democratic governments were in place; nor did we find any evidence that the tax sharing distribution pattern became less biased under centralized military governments. We argue that these results are attributable to two of Argentina's institutional characteristics: first, the predominance of the executive branch over the legislature; and, second, the lack of any significant difference in the pattern of geographic representation in the executive branch under democratic and autocratic governments. Thus, the observed biases in the distribution of tax revenues among the Argentine provinces are not caused by legislative malapportionment, but are instead the result of a more structural political equilibrium that transcends the geographic distribution of legislative representation and even the nature of the political regime. Our findings also illustrate the importance of informal institutions and the interactions between formal and informal institutions. Legislative malapportionment could have an innocuous influence in countries with a strong executive branch but could become a key factor in countries with an empowered Congress.


Objective To detect the changes in the hemogram and biochemical indices among submarine crews after a long navigation in order to evaluate the impact of long navigation environment on the crew′s health.Methods Medonic CA620 blood tester and Olympus-400 type blood biochemical analyzer were used to detect the blood and biochemical indices.URIMATIC-LAD3 type urine analyzer was used for urine routine.Porter-Silber colorimetric assay was used content of the determination of urinary 17-hydroxyl corticosteroids.The blood carbon monooxide hemoglobin was detected by dual wavelength absorbance difference method.Results After 15 days of sailing,the routine blood indices and the Mg2+,Ca2+,K+,ALT,LDH,and lymphocyte %(LyM%) of crew increased.Conclusion The 15 days′ voyage has some effect on submariners′ blood biochemical indices.


Modifications are made to earlier like purpose containers, set forth in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,438,562 and 3,917,154, to fill the commercial requirement for such containers which will perform some of the functions in a less demanding way at a lower cost. These modified containers are likewise used to transfer merchandise between distribution service centers and retail stores, while security sealed in either an expanded or a reduced volume configuration. The principal modification centers on making, from an original one piece planar structure and keeping them together as one handling unit, both the functioning components, of the bottom with its side walls, and the liner, which together double the strength of the effective overall side structures of the containers, but not the shorter end structures.


The purpose of the following graduation project was to reflect the knowledge and expertise acquired during the career of Technology in Fashion Design of the San Francisco de Quito University. Ultimately, it aimed at the correct implementation of technical skills in every stage of creative process towards reaching a professional fashion collection.
This collection -ECLECTICISM: REFORMIST DISORDER AND RENASCENT OBSCURANTISM- was inspired in photographs of the fashion photographer Kevin Mackintosh, and was one of the 24 collections presented by students of the third year of studies at the Carpe Diem Fashion Show. This show took place at the Convention Center of the Mall Paseo San Francisco place on June 6th 2013.
The final collection was the result of a technical and creative process that began with the selection of the inspiration and trend that would frame the collection, and concluded with the preparation and presentation of the outfits of the collection in the fashion show.
Carpe Diem did not only reflect the work of an entire semester, but resulted in the utilization of all the skills obtained during three years of career, becoming the culminating stage of the entire effort of the fashion design students. At the same time, this fashion show also became the first step into the real world of fashion design, which include the experience of dealing with suppliers, models, critics, press, etc. Finally and most importantly, it turned out into an experience where the student could face the rationale of a designer: the people - customers and audience.


Tibetan text classification is one of the most important research topics in Tibetan information processing. In the existing Tibetan text classification method, the representation of documents is based on traditional vector space model which has the high dimension data and lack semantic information. In this paper, a Tibetan text classification based on distributed representations of words method is proposed. With this method one can first tags the POS of the document by using maximum entropy model, and then selects only nouns and verbs as key features. At last document are represented by the weight of the word classes, which are trained by word2vec tool. The experimental results show that our model outperforms competitive traditional Tibetan text classification method, and the F-measure has improved by 9%.


The invention concerns a light beam scanning device, comprising a support (10), a light source (11) mounted on one face thereof, a mirror (3) arranged for receiving a light beam derived from said light source and a cantilever-type structure capable of elastic deformation which is also mounted on said face, bears said mirror and is capable of causing it to oscillate. Said device is characterised in that said source and said structure are mounted on coplanar portions of said face and said structure comprises at least one curved bimetal crossarm (22) forming an oscillator with the mirror.


Put together, Christians and Muslims in Ghana constitute over eighty percent of the population. Leadership and its constituent element of followership are vital concepts for the development of any society. Thus leadership in churches and mosques is important for shaping the overall development of Ghanaian society. The crux of all church and mosque activity is spirituality, with the Bible and Qur'an as guiding principles. At the heart of this spiritual leadership is the desire to create the space for the adherents of the two religions to fellowship together. After all, Christianity is a fellowship (koinonia) while Muslims are a community (ummah). However, there is too much emphasis on fellowship and spirituality in Christian and Muslim leadership models in churches and mosques in Ghana. This has led to a virtual neglect of followership, which is a vital component of leadership. This paper discusses this leadership deficit in Ghanaian churches and mosques, using specific examples from selected churches and mosques. This paper further suggests ways of addressing this imbalance between fellowship and followership, so as to ensure a creative balance in leadership that is spiritual, exemplary and iconic.


The paper describes a methodology for layout and intralogistics redesign using simulation. This methodology is composed of five stages: Topography, Product & Process, Linkages, Simulation, and Results. Key foundations are defined as PFEP (Plan for Every Part), Workstation as basic object for simulation, high level script language, cyclic processes, and 3D core simulation. The simulation model is built based on an earlier-prepared AutoCad drawing as background and on data in Excel about the Bill of Materials, PFEP, Container List, Assignment, and Operations. The simulation model is built using the developed template, which significantly shortens the modeling time.


Now the studies on the relation of zhuxi and the daoism is plentiful,but in some sense,all those studies are inclined to pay their attention to the landscape orientation influence between the Confucianism and the Daoism,and little for zhuxi himself's idea about the Daoism.so this paper tries to study zhuxi's own opinion upon the Daoism.This paper regards that in zhuxi's visual threshold the Taoist consists of DaoJia,Daoism and Fangshu,and HuangLaoDao,even includs WuDouMi Dao,and all of them belonged to different aspect and seedtime of the Daoism history.Zhuxi praised the prophase Daoism(DaoJia) in some sense,but his attitude towards Daoism in Song Dynasty was not so optimistic,maybe we should say his attitude was compassion and animadversion.


1 Corbould A, Swinton F, Radford A et al. Fasting blood glucose predicts response to extended-release metformin in gestational diabetes mellitus. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2013; 53: 125–129. 2 American Diabetes Association. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care 2011; 34 (Suppl 1): S62– S69. 3 HAPO Study Cooperative Research Group, Metzger BE, Lowe LP, Dyer AR, Trimble ER, Chaovarindr U, Coustan DR, Hadden DR, McCance DR, Hod M, McIntyre HD, Oats JJ, Persson B, Rogers MS, Sacks DA. Hyperglycemia and adverse pregnancy outcomes. N Engl J Med 2008; 358 (19): 1991– 2002. 4 Buchanan TA, Xiang AH. Gestational diabetes mellitus. J Clin Invest 2005; 115 (3): 485–491. 5 National Institute for Clinical Excellence. Diabetes in pregnancy: management of diabetes and its complications from preconception to the postnatal period. London: RCOG Press, 2008. 6 Landon MB, Spong CY, Thom E et al. A multicenter randomized trial of treatment for mild gestational diabetes. N Engl J Med 2009; 361 (14): 1339–1348. 7 Induction of labour. Queensland maternity and neonatal clinical guideline, 2011. [Accessed 5 May 2013]. Available from URL: http://www.health.qld.gov.au/qcg/documents/g_iol5-1. pdf 8 Foster-Powell KA, Cheung NW. Recurrence of gestational diabetes. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 1998; 38 (4): 384–387. 9 McElduff A, Cheung AW, McIntyre HD et al. The Australasian Diabetes in Pregnancy Society consensus guidelines for the management of type 1 and type 2 diabetes in relation to pregnancy.MJA 2005; 183: 373–377. 10 Basu A, Parghi S. Pregnancy outcome in women with pregestational diabetes mellitus at a district general hospital in Australia. Pract Diab 2012; 29 (9): 372–376. 11 Diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. College Statement C-Obs 7. The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. November 2011 [Accessed on 7 May 2013] Available from URL http://www.ranzcog.edu. au/component/docman/doc_download/941-c-obs-07-diagnosisof-gestational-diabetes-mellitus-.html 12 Moses RG, Morris GJ, Petocz P et al. The impact of potential new diagnostic criteria on the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus in Australia. MJA 2011; 194: 338–340. 13 Masson E, Lindow S. Can we afford to implement the IADPSG criteria for gestational diabetes. Pract Diab 2011; 28 (7): 285–286. 14 Davis B, Bond D, Howat P et al. Maternal and neonatal outcomes following diabetes in pregnancy in far north Queensland, Australia. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2009; 49: 393–399. 15 Workshop Report. Diabetes care and research in Europe: the Saint Vincent declaration. Diabet Med 1990; 7: 360. Re: Fasting blood glucose predicts response to extended-release metformin in gestational diabetes mellitus by Corbould A, Swinton F, Radford A, Campbell, McBeath S, Dennis A. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2013; 53: 125-129


The complex of negative effects of hydrogen on metal is termed hydrogen degradation. The processes of hydrogen degradation considerably depend on the characteristics of hydrogen diffusion and solubility in a specific material. Many manufactured articles keep their residual stresses during production (e.g. welded pipes and seams, supporting girders). In this case dependences of solubility and diffusivity of hydrogen on temperature and applied stress are of particular value for the prediction of hydrogen degradation. This paper presents the results of MD tests performed with Carter EAM potentials for the reproduction of general energy characteristics, namely hydrogen solution energy and diffusion barrier values, that are well examined with ab initio methods. The research on the relation between the hydrogen solution energy and the biaxial strain was also carried out. Of great interest is the capability of Carter potential to reproduce the hydrogen jump from tetrahedral to octahedral interstices of bcc Fe under the influence of the biaxial strains. Simulation results are compared with previous ab initio calculations and are in good agreement. Carter's potential B is capable of reproducing hydrogen transition from tetrahedral to octahedral interstices under biaxial stress.


Microbial oil is becoming an alternative to the increasing cost of vegetable oils, and it can be used for many applications, as biodiesel production and food supplementation. In particular, oleaginous yeasts, being unicellular, devoid of endotoxins, and suitable for large-scale fermentation, are particularly attractive for biotechnological approaches.  This work aimed to identify, by molecular analyses, sixteen yeast strains as well as analyze the lipid profile and potential antimicrobial activity of the oil produced by them. All strains were identified as Yarrowia lipolytica, a promising single-cell-oil producer. No antimicrobial activity was found for the oil analyzed, although the lipid profile showed interesting results. The major fatty acids identified were oleic (18:1n9) and linoleic (18:2n6c) and the minor fatty acids were palmitic (C16:0), palmitoleic (C16:1), heptadecanoic (C17:1), estearic (C18:0) and α-linolenic (C18:3n3). This last omega-3 fatty acid was identified on two strains (QU22 and QU137), enabling the oil produced by them to be used for dietary applications. Moreover, the oil of the other oleaginous yeasts analyzed in this study appears to be suitable for biodiesel production, since their lipid profiles are similar to the vegetable oils, widely used for that end.


Litter size is one of the most important economic traits in goats. Growth Differential Factor 9 (GDF9) Gene is suggested as a functional candidate for fertility, fecundity and twining rate. This study was performed to identify SNPs in exon1 of the GDF9 gene and their association with fertility traits in local Iraqi goats. The exon 1 of GDF9 was sequenced, and the SNP (Single nucleotide polymorphism ) was determined in 36 local Iraqi goats. Then the association analyses between polymorphic locals of GDF9 and litter size were performed using the chi-square analysis procedure. The result shows that mutation (C 1902 G) was significantly associated with litter size in local Iraqi goats and the location of C1902 G mutation with three genotypes CC, CG and GG. A significant effect was found for birth weight, weaning weight and twin ratio, where the homozygous dominant genotype outperformed CC. A significant impact was seen for fertility and mortality, where CC topped CG and GG in fertility percentage and superiority of CG over CC and GG in mortality rate. The results preliminarily demonstrated that GDF9 was a critical gene affecting the fecundity of local Iraqi goats and that (C 1902 G) could be a potential genetic marker.

Keywords: GDF9 gene, litter size, polymorphism, Iraqi goats


Purpose: We assess the results of the surgical treatment of intra-articular fractures of the calcaneus using the Ilizarov external fixator. Materials and Methods: During the period of January 2004 to June 2009 we treated 72 intra-articular calcaneus fractures in 68 patients, 51 male and 17 female with a mean age of 34 (range 18–56). The mean follow –up period was 2 years and 10 months (range 3 months to 4 years). All patients received preoperative CT-scan to facilitate classification and pre-operative planning. Of the 72 fractures, 37 (51.4%) were Sanders type II, 30 (41.6%) were type III and 5 (7%) were type IV. The Ilizarov fixator used consisted of 2 rings positioned above the ankle joint and a foot plate. 1.5 and 1.8 mm wires were used, as well as 1.8 mm wires with an olive for the reduction of displaced fragments. Under image intensification and distraction the fracture was reduced and the articular surface was restored as close as possible. Results: The clinical outcome was excellent in 29 patients (40.4%), good in 32 (44.4%), moderate in 7 (9.7%) and poor in 4 (5.5%). As far as the complications are concerned, we had 17 cases of pin track infection treated with the removal of the pins, ankle joint stiffness in 12 patients treated with physiotherapy, 2 patients developed reflex sympathetic algodystrophy, 2 malunion, 8 developed post-traumatic osteoarthritis and 1 of them underwent subtalar arthrodesis. Conclusion: The use of the Ilizarov external fixator for the treatment of intra-articular calcanear fractures has proved itself to be an alternative method to O.R.I.F with similarly good results. Given the fact that the learning curve is relatively steep, it has proven, from our experience, to be a safe and valuable tool for the treatment of these challenging fractures.


The viscous chemical nonequilibrium flow around a Jovian entry body is investigated at high altitudes using two different methods. First method is only for the stagnation region and integrates the full Navier-Stokes equations from the body surface to the freestream. The second method uses viscous shock layer equations between the body surface and the shock. Due to low Reynolds numbers, both methods use surface slip boundary conditions and the second method also uses shock slip boundary conditions. The results of the two methods are compared at the stagnation point. It is found that the entire shock layer is under chemical nonequilibrium at higher altitudes and that the slip boundary conditions are important at these altitudes.


The task for the classifier learning contest organized in conjunction with the KDD'99 conference was to learn a predictive model (i.e. a classifier) capable of distinguishing between legitimate and illegitimate connections in a computer network. Here is a detailed description of the task. The training and test data were generously made available by Prof. Sal Stolfo of Columbia University and Prof. Wenke Lee of North Carolina State University.


The algebraic multigrid (AMG) method is often used as a preconditioner in Krylov subspace solvers such as the conjugate gradient method. An AMG preconditioner hierarchically aggregates the degrees of freedom during the coarsening phase in order to efficiently account for lower-frequency errors. Each degree of freedom in the coarser level corresponds to one of the aggregates in the finer level. The aggregation in each level in the hierarchy has a significant impact on the effectiveness of AMG as a preconditioner. The aggregation can be formulated as a partitioning problem on the graph induced from the matrix representation of a linear system. The contributions of this work are as follows: first, a GPU implementation of a "bottom-up" partitioning scheme based on maximal independent sets (MIS), including an efficient conditioning scheme for enforcing partition size constraints; second, three novel topological metrics, convexity, eccentricity, and minimum enclosing ball, for measuring partition quality; third, empirical test results comparing our MIS-Based aggregation methods with the MeTis graph partioning library, showing that the metrics correlate more strongly with AMG performance than the commonly used edge-cut metric, and that for finer aggregations, MIS-based aggregation is better suited for AMG coarsening than is the "top down" MeTis graph partitioning library, but that for coarser aggregations, MeTis performs better.


Abstract : This proposal is aimed at understanding the function of BRCA1 through analysis of its cell cycle behavior. We found that BRCA1 colocalizes in S phase/G2 foci with hRad51, a protein with key roles in homologous recombination. The proteins also colocalized in primary human spermatocytes, suggesting a role for BRCA1 in meiotic recombination. An endogenous BRCA1-Rad51 complex was detected in somatic cells. We found that BRCA1 underwent specific phosphorylation following DNA damage. in response to some DNA damaging agents, BRCA1 and Rad51 were recruited to replication areas of the S phase nucleus, suggesting an interaction with damaged, replicating DNA. A second major hereditary breast cancer gene product, BRCA2, can also interact with Rad51. We have developed reagents for working with hBRCA2, and identified a specific biochemical interaction between BRCA1 and BRCA2. BRCA2 colocalized with BRCA1 in nuclear foci during S/G2 phases of the somatic cell cycle, both before and after DNA damage, and in meiotic cells. This suggests that BRCA1 and BRCA2 operate, at least in part, on a common pathway involved in homologous recombination. Further, the results indicate that defects in the proper regulation of homologous recombination may contribute to the etiology of early-onset breast cancer.


The structure of the concentration and velocity fields in a light-heavy-light fluid layer subjected to an impulsive acceleration by a shock wave (Richtmyer–Meshkov instability) is studied using simultaneous particle-image velocimetry and planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) measurements (performed in such flows for the first time). The initial condition prior to shock impact is accurately characterized using calibrated PLIF measurements to enable comparisons of the evolving structure to numerical simulations. Experiments performed on a SF6 curtain in air (Atwood number, At=0.67), after single shock by a Mach 1.2 shock wave and reshock by the reflected wave, show that the reshock wave has a dramatic impact on the evolution of the unstable structure. After first shock and in the absence of reshock(s), the structure widths agree well with an analytical extension to the nonlinear point vortex model [J. W. Jacobs et al., "Nonlinear growth of the shock-accelerated instability of a thin fluid layer," J. Flui...


: The municipality of Caçapava do Sul/RS/Brazil is a traditional school of teaching and research in geosciences, given the recognized scientific importance of its geological heritage, which also represents a vast potential for sustainable development, promoted by initiatives related to the geotourism. In this context, a didactic proposal is presented in this article that seeks to promote the perception and interpretation of the geological heritage of Caçapava do Sul, with a view to favoring the teaching and learning processes of Sciences, and related areas, enabling the approximation school community to the theme of local geodiversity. Subjazing on elements of geodiversity and their perspectives of adherence to the curriculum of Elementary Education demarcated in the Gaucho Curriculum Reference, it is proposed, by means of a theoretical-methodological didactic sequence, to use concepts and principles of Scientific Literacy throughout fostering an education committed to the enhancement of local heritage, reverberating in an environmental perception critically grounded in the social, cultural, political and environmental spheres.


Background: Although there are numerous success records of Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) implementation in educational settings and its principles have been found effective, the impact of the whole educational methodology may be overrated. Method: A comprehensive search conducted to retrieve articles published between August 2005 and July 2016 using the scholarly databases. Results: We identified 102 potentially relevant articles of which only 6 met the inclusion criteria. Positive effect sizes in 5 studies indicated that the experimental group outperformed the control group. These effect sizes were analyzed separately to provide an interpretative context for the main results. High heterogeneity was observed (Q = 5,  P  < .001). The Chi-squared significance test shows that the distribution of effect sizes has heterogeneity. Likewise, I-squared statistic quantifies the heterogeneity on the data. Conclusion: Despite the positive feedbacks reported by researchers on the efficiency of such methodology applied in primary and secondary schools, it is occasionally admitted that the results of the study are in doubt as the participants of CLIL and non-CLIL groups do not have equal exposure to the foreign language. To compare both groups in the same conditions, it is necessary for both to receive the same number of instruction hours in L2. Article visualizations:


This paper studies the stability of a doubly fed induction generators for wind turbine, the system is closed loop and it is constructed around the port controlled Hamiltonian system with dissipation (PCH-D). The control law is based on the passivity using the principle of interconnection and damping assignment (IDA PBC). Compared to a nonlinear system, the simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method. Indeed, the closed-loop system is asymptotically stable, during the energy-based design energy function and transformation into the port-controlled Hamiltonian system. The IDA PBC technique provides an effective design means compared to the nonlinear control design.


This System Design Description (SDD) documents the detail design of the Photo Audio/Visual Management System (PAMS) Photo Image Retrieval Prototype (PPIRP) subsystem. This SDD shows how the software is structured to satisfy the requirements identified in the PAMS Photo Image Prototype Requirements Document. It is a description of the software structure, software components,interfaces, and data that make up the PPIRP subsystem.


Corrosion investigations and testing standards normally use standard surface pre-treatments, e.g. ground samples. This is in order to be able to determine the impact of various elements. The end users of materials therefore generally have access to good data regarding the impact of the alloy composition. The problem is that alloys are almost never used in a ground condition, as the surface condition strongly depends on the production route used. This study addresses this problem. The metal dusting resistance of wrought and spun cast 20Cr32NiFe with different surface states has been investigated. The samples came from commercially available tubes with their standard surface condition; the wrought alloys in a pickled state and the spun cast deep hole drilled. Samples with the original and ground surfaces were exposed for 300 h at 600 °C in a CO/CO2/H2/H2O mixture, P tot=5.5 bar (ac: Boudouard/COred/Water-Gas- Shift: 558/232/379), corresponding to conditions in some furnaces used for the direct reduction of iron ore. The results clearly show that that 20Cr32NiFe is not suitable for high carbon activities. However, the pickled surface was sensitive toward metal dusting attack while the drilled and the ground samples had better resistance. This shows that the surface pre-treatment plays a crucial role. © 2011 by NACE International.


This paper proposes a visual-text to speech (vTTS) method, a method for synthesizing speech directly from visual text (i.e., text as an image). vTTS can use visual features in visual text that should be important for speech synthesis such as emphasis and radicals (components in Chinese characters), but they are not available in conventional TTS using discrete symbols as the input. The proposed vTTS method extracts visual features with a convolutional neural network and then generates acoustic features with a non-autoregressive model in an end-to-end manner. Experimental results show that 1) the vTTS method is capable of generating speech with naturalness comparable to or better than a conventional TTS, 2) it can transfer emphasis and emotion attributes in visual text to speech without additional labels and architectures, and 3) it can synthesize more natural and intelligible speech from unseen and rare characters than conventional TTS.


Objective:To identlify the relationship the serum lelvel of uric acid (UA) and C-reactive protein(CRP) and their cooperation in cardiovascular disease in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients.Methods:The study included 48 MHD patients who were followed-up for more than one year in our dialysis center.Histories of cardiovascular disease,sex,age,blood pressure,height,body weight were recorded. Serum were sampled for the determination of UA,CRP,albumin,urea,Hb,total cholesterol,low-density lipoprotein,Lp(α) assay. UA and CRP correlation with cardiovascular disease were evaluated. Results:Twenty-nine patients had cardiovascular disease(myocardial infarction,angina pectoris and chronic heart failure).Patients with cardiovascular disease had significantly higher UA and CRP(P0.01) than patients without cardiovascular disease. All of 48 patients have hyperuricemia 26(54.17%),elevated CRP 27(56.25%) and hyperuricemia with elevated CRP 16(33.33%). Patients in hyperuricemia with elevated CRP group had higher incidence of cardiovascular disease and higher mortality rate as compared with patients in others group.The prominent causes death were heart failure and cerebral hemorrhage.Conclusion:The cooperation of hyperuricemia and elevated CRP could increase the incidence of cardiovascular disease and higher mortality rate in maintenance hemodialysis patients.


This paper maps and analyses the national reviews of the 2017 Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW) conducted by Germany, Ireland, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. These reviews differ in length, depth and purpose, but present a wide range of important arguments from both legal and policy perspectives. The focus is on three main aspects: the interplay between the TPNW and existing legal instruments and international law; the verification provisions in the TPNW; and the consequences of signing the TPNW for security cooperation with the designated nuclear weapon states of the 1968 Treaty on the NonProliferation of Nuclear Weapons (Non-Proliferation Treaty, NPT). Through a comparative analysis of these national reviews, the paper seeks a better understanding of how the TPNW is seen and interpreted by various European states. This will help to clarify what the next steps towards a future common European position should be.


The synergisms of mixture formula of GA_3 and Imazalil with Azoxystrobin against pink rots and Fusarium of postharvest "Yindi" melon were determined in vitro bacteriostasis test and fruit injury inoculation test. The result showed that imazalil had synergism action on Azoxystrobin(AZX) in vitro tests, but GA_3 had no the action.Both GA_3 and Imazalil showed synergism action on AZX in inoculated fruit test.


Sleep is critical for health and wellbeing. Left untreated, sleep disorders negatively impact daily functioning and quality of life. The gold-standard for sleep monitoring and diagnosis is in-lab polysomnography (PSG). Though PSG provides a comprehensive overview of sleep, it is uncomfortable due to the amount of sensors, which prohibit movement and disturb sleep. A wireless patch-based PSG system, the Onera Sleep Test System (STS), consisting of four body-worn sensors, was recently introduced to overcome these limitations. The objective of this study is to evaluate patient-reported experience when using the Onera STS.

 Forty-two patients were enrolled in Germany as part of an ongoing validation study. Participants were asked to fill in two questionnaires. The first, administed before the Onera STS sleep study, asked open-ended questions on their first impression of the device. The second, administered after the Onera STS sleep study, focused on the ease of use of the device and comfort of wearing it during the night using a 5-point Likert scale.

 Thirty-six patients completed the first questionnaire (85%) and 39 (93%) the second. First impression of the Onera STS was positive by 86% of patients. The size of the sensors was described as acceptable by 72%. Participants stated that the device looked more comfortable than in-lab PSG and they expected improved sleep quality and a more accurate diagnosis. After completing the PSG with the Onera STS system, 69% found wearing the four sensors comfortable, and no participant expressed strong discomfort during the sleep study. The Forehead sensor was considered the most comfortable (based on 77% stating strongly agree or agree), followed by the Abdomen sensor (74%), the Leg sensor (72%), and the Chest sensor (69%). Most participants (72%) expressed confidence in their ability to fit the sensors by themselves at home. Only one participant preferred to be supported by a technician for the application of the system.

 The first impression of the Onera STS device were positive, and participants found it comfortable during sleep. The majority considered the application simple enough for unsupervised self-application, which can allow patients to undergo a PSG in the comfort of their own home.


The Atacama Pathfinder EXperiment (APEX) operates a 12m submillimeter wavelength telescope in the high Andes in Chile at 5107 m above sea level since 20061. Several steps have been taken to improve the operation efficiency of the facility in the given harsh environmental conditions2. The developments in remote control and -sensing allowed in 2017 for the transition to a remote science operations scheme, observing 24/7 from the basecamp control center in San Pedro de Atacama. Also engineering and maintenance is in the transition phase to a similar scheme to minimize presence and activities at the very high site. Instrument control servers allowing remote operation even of heterodyne THz instrumentation, with no compromise on instrument performance, had been developed and proven to reliably work3. The transition to full remote science operations required major hardware upgrades on the antenna drive system and a failsafe remote-control system to ensure the safety of the antenna, the Sun Avoidance System (SAS). We report on the layout, the implementation and on the experience of the first year of this new operations model started in April 2017. The engineering tasks also are in a transition phase to a scheme that minimizes the presence at the antenna. Daily engineering work at the high site for preventive and corrective maintenance can be reduced when all critical hardware systems are integrated in a remote monitoring and control system. We have started with this in 2015 and have stepwise introduced this new scheme. This required the introduction of redundancies of systems as well as the extension of sensing points and remote-control interfaces, throughout all levels in the project breakdown structure of the telescope and its auxiliary systems. We present examples of theses implemented systems and discuss the concept of redundancies. The APEX observatory is the smallest ESO site in Chile, incorporated as a department of LPO, the ESO La Silla – Paranal Observatory, within the directorate of Operations (DoO). The work presented will attempt an outline of approaches that can be applied to telescopes exposed to similar environmental conditions as well as to larger and distributed operations such as envisaged for the Paranal Observatory extended by the ELT on Cerro Armazones.


Build layer of OBEE architecture forms an innovative way to towards development of course outcomes from lesson outcomes [4]. The process of development of course outcomes is crucial and time-consuming without appropriate guidance and support. This paper, therefore, provides guidelines /rules towards the development of outcomes according to the OBEE architecture. The paper also suggests a sample Course outcomes taking one engineering course as a case study. The phenomenon of making course outcome is based on a SMART approach. The process also suggests that we should involve industry domain experts and Alumni students which give a proper academic and practically oriented shape to the documented course outcomes. As a result, the entire OBEE process becomes smoother and functional in the entire semester. The above research is validated by implementing the revised methodology in the course Data Structures and Algorithms (DSA). The research outperforms the in results by Course Outcome attainment analysis.


This paper presents a fully automated and flexible ConvNet-based classifier for multi-label image annotation. The classifier alleviates hierarchical representation of image from a convolutional neural network, and adaptive thresholding technique on the ranked list of label scores. The method can annotate images with arbitrary number of labels that the classifier finds fit, as opposed to common methods which only assign a fixed number of those. Experiments show state-of-the-art on classification accuracy and competitive annotation performance across 2 intrinsically different data-sets, Corel5K and MSRCv2. Although the proposed method shows some limitation in learning label semantics, empirical study indicates that it was due to the established drawback of univariate loss function, which the classifier optimised, in multi-label classification. It, therefore, opens for number of directions to improve the performance, while still retains the merits of the proposed method.


We focus on efficiently achieving proportional delay differentiation (PDD), an instance of the proportional differentiation model (PDM) first proposed under the DiffServ framework (see Dovrolis, C. and Ramanathan, P., IEEE Network, Oct. 1999). Waiting time priority (WTP) has been found to be a suitable algorithm to achieve PDD. Using WTP (see Dovrolis et al., Proc. ACM SIGCOMM, 1999) as a reference, we show that our proposed scaled time priority (STP) algorithm is able to provide near proportional delay at a complexity of O(1), which is lower than the O(N) complexity of WTP, where N is the number of service classes in the system. Simulation results also show that STP is able to emulate the performance of WTP.


In this supplementary appendix, we provide a formal proof of Lemma 1. In fact, we prove the slightly stronger result, that an optimum exists to the program of Lemma 1 that, if |Θ| is finite, has affinely independent support. This strengthening of the lemma is not invoked in our paper,1 but may be of use to future users of the Attention Management framework.2 We first introduce some additional notation. Given compact metrizable spaces X and Y , a map f : X →∆Y , x ∈ X , and Borel B ⊆Y , let f (B|x) := ( f (x)) (B). Define the barycenter map βX : ∆∆X → ∆X by βX (X̂ |m) := ∫ ∆X γ(X̂ )dm(γ), ∀m ∈ ∆∆X , Borel X̂ ⊆ X . In other words, βX (m)= Eν∼m(ν) for all m ∈∆∆X . Note that R(μ)=β−1 Θ (μ), by definition. Define Φ : ∆∆∆Θ→ (∆∆Θ)2 by Φ (P) = (β∆Θ(P),P◦β−1 Θ ). While we offer no specific interpretation to this map, it will be of use in deriving required properties of the Blackwell order. Define the garbling correspondence G :∆∆Θ⇒∆∆Θ by


HOUSING THE ARCHIVES OF SUCH NOTABLE LITERARY FIGURES as Ezra Pound, Virginia Woolf, Ernest Hemingway, E. M. Forster, D. H. Lawrence, James Joyce, E. E. Cummings, and Oscar Wilde, the Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center in Austin, Texas is a Mecca for academic researchers from all over the world. At the same time, it is a Mecca for a very different kind of researcher attracted to a very different kind of archive. Take Alex, for example, a self-professed "goth" who describes his pilgrimage to the Ransom Center to view the Aleister Crowley archives in his "blog," "Alex's Journal." (1) Among his other interests cited on the "user info" page, Alex lists "death metal," "body piercing," "drinking," "comics" "hurting peoples brains [sic]," "debauchery," "subdural haematomas," and "weirding out weird people." The sheer eccentricity of the Ransom's collections--which include high literary, mass cultural, and even counter-cultural material--make it a place where a professor earnestly poring over a Joyce manuscript might rub shoulders with a fan like Alex who describes his research on Crowley as having "fun" and "taking some cool notes." In other words, it is a place where the academic and the fan come face to face. The essay that follows discusses this confrontation between the academic and the fan in the archive--not in a literal way--but through the story of the archive of M. P. Shiel, an obscure writer of mystery, detective, horror, science fiction and other popular genres. His archives at the Ransom Center owe their existence entirely to a select few fans of Shiel--namely, a drunken bibliophile and a right-wing millionaire plastics manufacturer--figures who, like Alex, present a stark contrast to the earnest academics we normally associate with archives. In telling the story of this archive, the essay considers the differing discourses of the academic and the fan and how these discourses come into conflict when fans become implicated with archives, when fans engage in scholarship, and when the academic confronts the fan inside him- or herself. At the same time, it reveals how the Ransom Center became the kind of eclectic research institution that would consider creating archives devoted not only to renowned literary and cultural figures, but also to popular and mass cultural figures, from the more enduring and notorious of these--such as Crowley--to the most obscure and forgotten--such as Shiel. Academic, Fan, and Collector Discourse One of the reasons the image of the earnest Joyce scholar rubbing shoulders with the "goth" fan of Crowley in the Ransom Center is so amusing is that implicitly we recognize the stark contrast between the ethos of the academic and that of the fan. Before going on to discuss how the Shiel archives bring academics and fans into conflict, I will briefly summarize the discourses that define the academic and the fan. I will also describe the discourse of another figure central to the existence of archives, one who bears a close relationship to the fan--the collector. While academics, fans, and collectors may be broadly characterized as having in common a deep investment in culture, there are great differences in what Matt Hills calls the "imagined subjectivities" of these distinct groups or, the "guiding discourses and ideals of subjectivity" they adopt (8). (2) Broadly speaking, academic culture is founded on Enlightenment principles which value reason over emotion, objectivity over subjectivity (Jensen 21, Frith 581). An academic would never, for example, describe his or her archival experience as "taking cool notes," as Alex, the fan, does. Fans, who have a strong emotional engagement with and who express enthusiasm for their areas of interest, do not fare well under such a discourse. (3) The term "fan" itself, a term derived from the word fanatic, suggests a form of engagement with culture antithetical to that of the reasoning and objective academic. Fandom, as Joli Jensen, Lawrence Grossberg, Matt Hills, and others have argued, has tended to be pathologized by academics and this practice has served to uphold an elitist "us/them" dichotomy between forms of engagement with cultural life. …


The perturbation of a uniformly tiled resistor network by adding an edge (a resistor) to the network is considered. The two-point resistance on the perturbed tiling in terms of that on the perfect tiling is obtained using Green's function. Some theoretical results are presented for an infinite modified square lattice. These results are confirmed experimentally by constructing an actual resistor lattice of size 13 × 13.


The development of electronic methodologies is a confusing obstacle. Given the current status of linear-time epistemologies, cyberneticists dubiously desire the saturated hardware and architecture. In this paper, we argue that even though electronic methodologies can be made stable, adaptive, and relational, the well-known saturated hardware and architecture for the development of linked lists by Sasaki and Taylor [8] is maximally efficient.


The authors review recent results of B{sup ++} masses, mass and lifetime of B{sub c}{sup +} meson, and lifetimes of B{sub s}{sup 0} and {Lambda}{sub b}{sup 0} hadrons from Tevatron Run II.


A 52-year-old man developed contact dermatitis of his right ear after treatment with oily ear drops. In epicutaneous tests the ear drops gave a strong reaction. Further tests with the ingredients of the ear drops revealed that only the vehicle-hexyl laurate-was the source of the allergic hypersensitivity. Contact allergy to hexyl laurate has not yet been described in the literature


Emotion detection in text has become more popular due to its various useful applications in a different area, such as tracking product perception, public opinion detection about political tendencies, stock market monitoring, text summarization, information extraction, recommendation system, question answering and etc. However, manually identifying emotion of a million of people and aggregating them towards a rapid and efficient decision is quite a challenging task due to the rapid growth of social media user.  This study aimed to develop Afaan Oromo emotion detection model in order to tackle this challenge.  This study adopts artificial neural network approach. We used python tools with Keras library. We conduct our experiments on five emotion class (anger(arii), love(jaalala), joy(gamachu), disgust(jibba), and sadness(gadda)) by collecting a total of 1005 emotional sentence of Afaan Oromo language that have been manually annotated. The sentence has been scraped from different official Facebook page such as Oromia Broadcasting Network (OBN) pages, Fana Broadcasting Corporation (FBC) Afaan Oromo page, and British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) Afaan Oromo pages using Facepager tools by creating Facebook API id. After collecting these data all preprocessing steps like tokenization, stop word removal and normalization have been undertaken. We used word embedding's for feature extraction of preprocessed data. Subsequently, we have applied three artificial neural network algorithms such as Feed forward neural network, long short-term Memory and Bidirectional long short-term memory for classification purpose of the vectorized sentence into their emotion class. We compared the three artificial neural network algorithms and found out that Bidirectional long short-term memory achieved the best performance. We have achieved an average accuracy of 66%, 78%, 83% using Feed Forward Neural Network, Long Short-Term Memory and Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory respectively. Based on experimental result, the researcher concluded that increasing amount of dataset, tuning hyper parameters properly and trying by different algorithms can, in some case, improve the performance of the model. Keywords : Emotion Identification, Afaan Oromo, Artificial Neural Network, Social Media DOI: 10.7176/NMMC/92-01 Publication date: August 31 st 2020


This chapter examines manuscripts containing texts about the past produced in Normandy between 1066 and 1204. A remarkable number of these manuscripts can be linked to the authors of the texts contained within. However, the manuscripts also demonstrate the importance of collaboration between patrons, authors, scribes, and artists for the production of a history book. Moreover, some volumes indicate the importance of choices made by those copying existing works, and provide evidence for the reception and status of works over time. The surviving manuscripts vary significantly in their size and decoration, demonstrating different levels of investment by individuals or communities, and hinting at a range of potential audiences, from those at the royal court, to a monastic community, or other historians.


The present paper is a continuation of the former one on an autocollimation method of optical glass heterogeneity measurement [ Appl. Opt.4, 181 ( 1965)]. It discusses the influence of the various measured magnitudes on the measuring error of refractive index gradient. The description of the method of the wedge angle measurement in the glass block under examination is given and the control of the measured distance between the cross-hairs image position is described. In the last part an example of refractive index gradient measurement is considered and a graph of the refractive index change in the glass block is given. The limiting values of the index of refraction in the glass block were controlled with the help of the refractometer measurement.


Citrus fruit pests in California occur in more or less well defined areas. Some species are most destructive under the cooler temperatures near the ocean. Other species are destructive only where the Summer weather is hot and dry. There are intermediate types. The distribution of these pests in 1927 is compared with that of 1907. An attempt has been made to designate the maximum temperatures and the minimum humidities which appear to limit the destructiveness of the more important citrus pests.


Abstract Nonspecific lipidtransfer proteins (nsLTPs), which are small, cysteine‐rich proteins, belong to the pathogenesis‐related protein family, and several of them act as positive regulators during plant disease resistance. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of these proteins in plant immune responses are unclear. In this study, a typical nsLTP gene, StLTP10, was identified and functionally analysed in potato. StLTP10 expression was significantly induced by Phytophthora infestans, which causes late blight in potato, and defence‐related phytohormones, including abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid, and jasmonic acid. Characterization of StLTP10‐overexpressing and knockdown lines indicated that StLTP10 positively regulates plant resistance to P. infestans. This resistance was coupled with enhanced expression of reactive oxygen species scavenging‐ and defence‐related genes. Furthermore, we identified that StLTP10 physically interacts with ABA receptor PYL4 and affects its subcellular localization. These two proteins work together to regulate stomatal closure during pathogen infection. Interestingly, we also found that wound‐induced protein kinase interacts with StLTP10 and positively regulates its protein abundance. Taken together, our results provide insight into the role of StLTP10 in resistance to P. infestans and suggest candidates to enhance broad‐spectrum resistance to pathogens in potato.


Objective:To look for the reasonable solution according to the problems of quality control to make the work into effect.Methods:It has solved practical problem through improve quality,quantitative management and strict testing etc.Results:Those suggestions can solve the problems effectively in the management of the quality.Conclusion:Only to improve the quality management continuously,we can prevent medical accidents and ensure safety of medical quality.


Plasma prolactin levels and milk volume were studied in 50 maternity patients for 8 days after delivery. 1 group of patients received no medication, while other groups received methergine (.2 mg 3 times daily), syntocinon (200 u 3 times daily), Vitamin-B6 (300 mg twice daily), or quinestrol (4 mg, single dose), respectively. None of these influenced prolactin secretion substantially although prolactin levels were slightly higher in the quinestrol-treated group. There was no evidence of an antilactation effect of Vitamin-B6, while the lactation-inhibiting effect of Quinestrol must be ascribed to a periperal effect.


The State Street Bridge, in Salt Lake City, was designed and built in 1965 according to the 1961 AASHO specifications; the design did not include earthquake-induced forces or displacements since only wind loads were considered. The bridge consists of four reinforced concrete (RC) bents supporting composite welded steel girders; the bents are supported on cast-in-place concrete piles and pile caps. A vulnerability analysis of the bridge was conducted that determined deficiencies in (1) confinement of column lap splice regions, (2) anchorage of longitudinal column bars in the bent cap, (3) confinement of column plastic hinge zones, and (4) shear capacity of columns and bent cap.column joints. Seismic retrofit designs using carbon-fiber-reinforced-polymer (CFRP) composites and steel jackets were performed and compared for three design spectra, including the 10% probability of exceedance in 250 years earthquake. The CFRP composite design was selected for implementation and application of the composite was carried out in the summer of 2000 and 2001, while the bridge was in service. The paper describes the CFRP composite design, which, in addition to column jackets, implemented an "ankle wrap" for improving joint shear strength and a "U-strap" for improving anchorage of column bars in the bent cap; other retrofit measures were implemented, such as bumper brackets and a deck slab retrofit. A capacity versus demand evaluation of the as-built and retrofitted bents is presented.


Results: A circular circumferential curvature led to lower von Mises and compressive stresses in both the coaptation and load bearing areas, reduced tensile stresses in the coaptation regions, and increased tensile stresses in the load bearing areas. A parabolic radial curvature reduced von Mises stresses in the coaptation as well as load bearing regions, reduced compressive stresses in the coaptation and tensile stresses in the load bearing regions, led to a slight increase in the minimized tensile stress in the coaptation regions (1.794 vs. 1.765 MPa) and the minimized compressive stress in the load bearing regions (0.772 vs. 0.768 MPa). Within a range of downward inclination of the leaflets, all stresses in the coaptation regions decreased. A parabolic circumferential curvature, a linear radial curvature, and, for most cases, upward leaflet inclinations were associated with larger contact pressures between the leaflets.


The relationship between apolipoprotein E4 (Apo E4) and the occurrence of Alzheimer's Disease is well known; however, the biochemical mechanism behind this association is not well characterized. This research project examines the potential differences in mercury binding between free Apo E2 and Apo E4 isoforms. An equilibrium dialysis chamber is used to monitor the movement and binding of mercury through a membrane. Samples are then run through a cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry (CVAAS) to measure the amounts of metal bound to each of the Apo E isoforms. The detection limit of the CVAAS technique is 3.3 ppt Hg. Results of these experiments showed that the Apo E2 isoform bound a statistically greater amount of mercury metal than did the Apo E4 isoform. Introduction Alzheimer's disease (AD) is affecting an increasing number of people each year. The cost of the disease is both emotional and financial, estimating over 70 billion dollars spent per year. Though the exact cause is unknown, many believe that Alzheimer's disease is the death of cells in the cerebral cortex caused by senile plaques (SP) and nerofibrilary tangles (NT). SP are lesions surrounded by protein fragments that accumulate between nerve cells in the brain to form hard, insoluble barriers (See Fig 1). In a normal brain, the protein fragments are degraded and removed. NT, on the other hand, are found inside the cells (See Fig 2). In Alzheimer's patients, NT causes the tau protein to function abnormally or collapse by blocking transport signals. Apolipoprotein E Apolipoprotein E (Apo E) is a protein that is not attached to any lipids. Apo E has three isoforms, which are proteins with similar functions: Apo E2, Apo E3, and Apo E4. Previous studies have shown that individuals homozygous for Apo E4 are at a greater risk for AD than those homozygous for Apo E2 (Meyers and Goate, 2001). The structural differences between the three isoforms are found on the amino acids of 112 and 158. Apo E2 has a cysteine on both, while Apo E3 has an arginine on 112 and a cysteine of 158, and Apo E4 has an arginine on both amino acids. The difference between cysteine and arginine is that cysteine incorporates a sulfur atom, and heavy metals such as Hg have a high affinity for sulfur binding. Apo E is an important protein needed for both the regulation and maintenance of cholesterol and other lipids, besides being a ligand for lipoproteins like LDL and chylomicons. The ability to transport is important because Apo E is able to take the harmful lipoproteins to the appropriate disposal areas of the body. Recent research suggests that cholesterol transport may be involved in AD. Metals in AD It is believed that metals (zinc, iron, etc.) may play a role in the effects of binding or formation of plaques. When copper and zinc are present, Beta amyloid has increased oxidative activities. When zinc and copper were located with Apo E, the metal aggregation of Beta Amyloid increased, suggesting a 1 to 1 ratio. The increase in metal aggregation means that more plaques are formed. Though extremely toxic, mercury has also been found at elevated levels in Alzheimer's disease patients. A report by Thompson et al (1988) found statistically significant mercury elevations in the limbic systems of AD patients. It was suggested that amalgam from dental fillings and other dental work released mercury vapors into the olfactory during the process of chewing and normal wear and tear (Stortbecker, 1986). The Hg was then inhaled into the limbic system. Recent unpublished research suggests that AD patients have higher levels of Hg in their systems than non-AD affected persons (Cornett, 2004). Hypothesis The presence of cysteine residues at 112 and 158 in the Apo E2 compared to arginine residues at those sides in Apo E4 will lead to a higher heavy metal binding capacity with the Apo E2 isoform. Experiment Materials and Instrumentation Cold Vapor Atomic Absorption System (CVAAS) – model number 01000073-1 Stannous chloride (SnCl2) – used as a reductant Nitric acid 2% used as a cleansing rinse 2% HCl – rinse solution during procedure 10,000 ppb Hg in 5 % HNO3 – to prepare 0.2 – 50 ppb Hg standards in 2 % HCl for instrument calibration 0.7 M (NH4)2CO3 – used as buffer during equilibrium dialysis Semi-permeable membranes – used in dialysis chamber Apo E 2 and Apo E 4 isoforms Methods This research project uses an equilibrium dialysis chamber, was used to monitor the movement of the metal across a membrane. Equilibrium dialysis consists of two chambers separated by a semi-permeable membrane. The mercury is put on one side, and the protein is put into the other (See Fig 3). The Hg side required the addition of an approximately 20ppb Hg solution. The semi permeable membrane was place in the middle of the dialysis chamber, and then 20 μl of protein solution and 230 μl of buffer was added to the other side. The chamber was then placed in a shaker for a specific amount of time. Results The samples were analyzed using a cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry (CVAAS) to measure the amounts of metal bound to each of the Apo E isoforms (See Fig 4). The calibration curve of the CVAAS has an R value = 1, meaning good accuracy and precision of the instrument (See Fig 5). Equilibrium dialysis experiments to date resulted in free metal cell Hg concentrations of 60 + 11 ppt for the Apo E2 (n = 8) and 210 + 20 ppt for the Apo E4 (n = 5) isoforms. The ANOVA comparison demonstrated that this difference in Hg binding was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Conclusion The major success of this experiment was adopting Hg protocols and the new CVAAS to this analysis. Also, the data lead to the acceptance of the experimental hypothesis that the cysteine-rich Apo E2 isoform binds more Hg than Apo E4. Future experiments will alter equilibrium dialysis conditions to better examine the metal binding with the protein. Additional experiments will examine the applicability of using intrinsic fluorescence to monitor the actual protein conformation changes that occur as the metal binds to the Apo E.


SUR~ARY : On the basis of experimental investigations it was found out that the stiffeners in the form of closed corrugations in the webs of steel I-beams influenced their bearing capacity. Some beams with a various orientation of stiffeners relative to the chords were investigated. The structure of the beams with the closed, spaced at certain intervals, corrugations normal to the chords demonstrated the highest efficiency. results of the experimental investigation of of orientation influence on the of webs.


We present the first results of the application of the recently found universality of behavior of muon signal to electromagnetic (EM) signal ratio with respect to the vertical depth of showers maximum for mass composition and hadronic interaction studies. Making use of the fact that for zenith angles above 45 degrees the dependence of the ratio on the vertical depth of shower maximum is very similar for QGSJET II and EPOS 1.99 we show that this provides the possibility to estimate muon shower content in almost interaction model independent way. To evaluate the excess of signal in the data in respect to Monte-Carlo predictions we propose to use mass independence of the electromagnetic signal. Using the simulations with EPOS 1.99 as a fake data we show that one can determine the absolute scaling factor between these fake data and the interaction model under test (QGSJET II in our case). Applying this scaling factor to the total and muon signals of QGSJET II one can make accurate conclusions on the primary mass of samples prepared with EPOS 1.99.


As people start to use many applications that require rich forms of user information, being able to share the contents of user models has become important. However, there are significant challenges in providing advanced levels of interoperability as user models are often very diverse in structure, syntax and semantics. This paper introduces FUMES; an approach to user model interoperability between heterogeneous educational applications. The aim of FUMES is to lower some of the common barriers to user model interoperability. It attempts to reduce the technical knowledge and domain expertise required from a human administrator of this process through the provision of domain-specific tools that include novel user model visualizations.


Individual selection on the basis of adjusted yearling weight records (policy 1) was compared with selection of proven sires based on progeny test results ('progeny test selection'). The major assumptions in the comparisons were that herd sizes were 100 recorded cows, and that each herd used four joining groups. It was assumed that 25 herds cooperated in using two reference sires in artificial breeding to link progeny test data from young bulls in natural service, thereby increasing selection intensity without the loss in accuracy normally suffered in a single multi-sired herd. In the progeny test comparisons, preselection of young bulls for progeny testing (policy 2) was also compared with random selection among young bulls for progeny testing (policy 3). This paper contains a limited number of comparisons only, in order to indicate the possible extent of selection pressure with different policies. Comparisons in terms of annual genetic progress ranked the policies in the order 2 (greatest), 1, 3, with policy 2 being better than 3 by 90-110%. The advantage of policy 2 over policy 1 was 26-38%. In all cases, using bulls first as yearlings was preferable to 2 1/4 years in terms of annual genetic gain. With individual selection, keeping bulls for 1 year compared with 2 or 3 years had little effect on annual gain, as the rise in selection intensity balanced the rise in generation interval. Inbreeding change per year was more affected, lower rates resulting from bulls being used for 1 year only. Inbreeding rates were small with progeny test selection as described here, as long as proven sons came from young bulls as well as proven sires. The effect of selection intensity under progeny test selection with preselection becomes diluted to 25% in its contribution to annual genetic change. Thus some degree of assortative mating may be useful, or wider use of proven sires relative to young sires. With preselection the break-even number of cooperating progeny test herds was low (three herds), compared with equal rates of genetic gain from individual selection.


The reaction between benzaldehyde and the lithium tributyltin, lithium di-isobutylaluminium. Dilithium, sodium lithium, potassium lithium, and dipotassium salts obtained bymetalation of 3-methylbut-2- and -3-enoates gives two pairs of isomeric hydroxy-acids, identified as their methyl esters, and a lactone. Two of the acids (IVa and b) and the lactone (VI) are derived by attack at C-4 of the salt; the other two (Va and b) originate from attack at C-2. The ratio of C-4 to C-2 attack depends strongly on the nature of the two metals; the proportion of C-4 attack increases as the ionic character of the organometallic bonds involved in the salts is increased. Only one acid (IVa) was isolated from the dipotassium salt of the 2-enoate; in contrast only the acids (Va and b) were obtained from the lithium tributyltin salt. In all cases studied the reaction shows a remarkable cis stereoselectivity in the configuration of the double bond of the hydroxy-acids (IV). Dehydration of the acid (IVa) with base constitutes a new and convenient method of preparing cis-2,trans-4-dienoates containing an isoprene unit in high yield.


The present study's objective was to analyze the Portuguese Basketball coaches' behavior in relation to players' status (effective and noneffective). Twenty two male basketball teams participated. The teams belonged to the National Basketball League of the 1st and 2nd division (16 teams). The sample consisted of junior and senior players (N=199). We used an observational category system called "Observation System of the Coach's Behavior" (O. S. C. B.). 92 sessions were filmed in audio and video register. The recordings had duration between 90 and 120 minutes. The procedure used for data collection in this study was time duration recording and event recording. The reliability of the observations was assured by the inter-observer and intra-observerś agreement, within a 15-day interval. The results showed that coaches' behaviors are differentiated in accordance to the athlete's status. There were four categories where significant differences existed, the average value being superior in the effective players. The coaches observed more, corrected more and interacted more with the effective players. Effective players received, also, more positive evaluations. We concluded that the coaches have not the same behavior with all members of the team, differentiating in accordance to their game capacities.


The receptor tyrosine kinase Met and its high‐affinity ligand, the hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF), are essential to embryonic development. Deregulation of their signaling is associated with tumorigenesis and metastasis, notably through receptor overexpression. It is thus important to understand the mechanisms controlling Met expression. The ligand‐dependent internalization of Met and its subsequent degradation in the lysosomal compartment are well described. This process is known to attenuate downstream Met signaling pathways. Yet internalized Met takes part directly in intracellular signaling by chaperoning signaling factors in the course of its trafficking. Furthermore, recent studies describe various new degradation mechanisms of membrane‐anchored Met, involving proteolytic cleavages or association with novel partners. Although all these degradations are ligand‐independent, they share, to different extents, some common features with canonical HGF/SF‐dependent degradation. Interestingly, activated Met variants display resistance to degradation, suggesting defective degradation is involved in tumorigenesis. Conversely, forced degradation of Met through reinduction of one or more degradation pathways is a promising therapeutic strategy.—Lefebvre, J., Ancot, F., Leroy, C., Muharram, G., Lemière, A., Tulasne, D. Met degradation: more than one stone to shoot a receptor down. FASEB J. 26, 1387‐1399 (2012). www.fasebj.org


This diploma project focuses on the issue of comorbidity of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD hereafter). The first theoretical part deals with the stages of COPD, epidemiology, risk factors, pathology, pathophysiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and current possibilities of pharmacological and nonpharmacological therapy. Next part of this theory focuses on the economic and social burden associated with comorbidities including COPD. At end of this theoretical part education of patients / clients and their families is mentioned. The second empirical part consists of investigation, including assessment of comorbidity of patients/ clients from country hospital pulmonary clinic. The findings of the survey confirm frequency of comorbidity of patients with COPD.


To hasten the development of Chinese banks,Shanghai Bankers' Association tried to take various measures to promote the reformation of currency systems,hoping to be involved in the government formulation of relevant policies.Due to the many differences for the goal and measure of the reformation of currency systems,there still existed cooperation between the government and Shanghai Bankers' Association,and the cooperation was the most important.These,in a way,promoted the reformation of currency systems in modern China.


【Task】 A The apparatus and method relates generally to the vibratable sensor for measuring the ambient fluid pressure in particular implantable sensor. The apparatus and method, physiological conditions (portal and / or hepatic venous pressure, etc.) are particularly well suited for implantation in an animal or human in vivo to monitor, using the resonant frequency of the implanted sensor vein to allow for frequent remote inquiry of pressure. The sensor device is relatively small in comparison with the conventional apparatus for measuring fluid pressure, it can be embedded into portal vein, hepatic venous system, whereas, the conventional apparatus is too large. The small size of this device is accomplished by using thick sensor film as compared with the conventional apparatus, to limit the size of the additional elements of the apparatus to the size of the sensor film. Thicker sensor member also eliminates the need for multiple sensor arrays to maintain the accuracy and robustness of the sensor device. Data collection, processing, and display system provides pressure measurements are particularly well suited for detecting portal hypertension in patients suffering from liver disease. .The