Abstract Purpose: While the co-morbidity of symptoms associated with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the injured military population is currently being discussed and researched, those of us in the rehabilitation fields need to be ready now to serve this complex population. We are challenged to provide the best services with limited research and evidence-based practices to guide us. This article presents an interdisciplinary approach to treatment for soldiers with TBI. Method: We compare and contrast the blast-induced brain injury acquired in the military population, designated as the "signature injury of this war," to "typical" TBI populations. Results and conclusions: We share what we have learned by serving this population and present each discipline's assessments, treatment strategies, outcome measures, and suggestions for navigating the military "mindset" of the soldiers being served.


ABSTRACT This article reports on the findings of manipulative analyses performed by preservice and in-service teachers in an early childhood teacher education program mathematics methods course. The activities are intended to model and promote mathematical analyses for better discrimination between mathematics manipulatives by early childhood teachers. Findings suggest that these activities elicit varied analyses by the teachers related to practical and pedagogical issues, but are initially lacking in mathematical considerations. Through modeling and practice, they do include mathematical considerations, possibly shifting their beliefs regarding manipulatives away from the common assumption that manipulatives will result in automatic learning. The depth of these analyses, though, suggests that greater focus is required in building a stronger content knowledge base.


Structural and thermodynamic properties of beryllium, beryllium-oxygen systems, beryllium-nitrogen systems, and beryllium-hydrogen systems as determined by various researchers are surveyed. Diffusion properties, reaction kinetics, and vapor pressures are given where they were available. 44 references. (D.C.W.)


Abstract We investigate topological conditions on a compact Hausdorff space Y, such that any lattice isomorphism φ : C(X, I) → C(Y, I), where X is a compact Hausdorff space and I is the unit interval [0, 1], is continuous. It is shown that in either of cases that the set of Gδ points of Y has a dense pseudocompact subset or Y does not contain the Stone-Čech compactification of ℕ, such a lattice isomorphism is a homeomorphism.


Steven Pinker is something of a rarity in academic psychology, a literary stylist. In addition to his best-selling, prize-winning trade books, from The Language Instinct in 1994 to The Better Angels of Our Nature in 2011, he has accumulated a respectable but lesser known list of articles in serious academic journals. Language, Cognition, and Human Nature: Selected Articles is a collection of his favorites, covering the period from 1979 to 2010.


Within hierarchies of taste and value, popular music tributes tend to be dismissed as lowbrow. When they are discussed by the media, they are often depicted as humorous, opportunistic or of little serious value. Nevertheless, regardless of this lack of acclaim this article argues that they fulfil a useful role within the live entertainment industry where their presence is particularly valuable in the event of original band breakup or fission. The article demonstrates how their auspices go beyond the narrow function of filling in during the absence of the original artist. This involves a discussion of the ways in which popular music tributes can help to maintain interest in their archetype during periods of hiatus when a career is disrupted for whatever reason. Furthermore, in certain cases the tribute may even offer new and original music in the style of the original musicians.


The invention PI3K / AKT / mTOR-related disorders, for example, the treatment of cancer, improved, and the use of an antagonist and its constituent members of the mTOR signaling pathway for diagnosis (eg, an antagonist of MAPKAP). Further, the present invention is PI3K / AKT / mTOR-related disorders, for example, the treatment of cancer, improved, and mTOR modulators for diagnosis and methods of using (e.g., modulators of MAPKAP). Moreover, mTOR, MAPKAP, and hVPS34 assays for the identification of modulators is provided.


The present paper provides evaluation results of predicted uncertainty on nuclear parameters of the BN-600 hybrid core, a feasible option for Russian surplus weapons plutonium disposition. Covariance data for nuclear group constants, analysis errors, as well as experimental errors are considered to predict the uncertainties by applying the nuclear group constant adjustment method. Analysis results of BFS-62 mockup together with other fast reactor core experiments are reflected in the evaluation.


It is one of the great ironies of our information age that at the same time that we have the technical capability to make information freely available world-wide, budget problems are seriously endangering the free access to scientific information.[...]


Mattis and Braaten have derived a linear relation among partial-wave amplitudes for meson-baryon reactions which is valid in the limit {ital N}{sub {ital c}}{r arrow}{infinity}, where {ital N}{sub {ital c}} is the number of quark colors. From this they establish the selection rule {ital I}{sub {ital t}}=J{sub t} found previously by Mattis and Mukerjee. Using the new relation, I present a simplified derivation of earlier results for the spin-projection amplitudes in meson-baryon reactions. Consequently, the {ital I}{sub {ital t}}=J{sub t} selection rule may be confronted with experimental data even when a partial-wave analysis is unavailable.


Unity and peace in Europe, freedom and democracy in Eastern Europe: Government and Opposition's founding editor Ghiţă Ionescu – the centenary of whose birth this special issue commemorates – might have been contented to see that two of his main ideals have now by and large been realized. At the same time, in contemporary Europe we can observe a huge variety of forms of opposition to the conventional holders of power, who appear to have been unable to respond successfully to new and pressing societal and economic challenges. The old convictions that once characterized politics in the European liberal democracies are gradually eroding, while the volatile and fragmented polities of the new post-communist democracies in the East are only adding to the increased uncertainties. The ongoing financial and economic crises have exacerbated many of the existing tensions, between new and old generations, between groups with levels of educational attainment, and between the domestic and supra-national levels. European democracies in the twenty-first century are thus having to contend with various challenges that are aimed, directly or indirectly, at the core of the political system, including the populist disregard for some of the fundamental values of liberal democracy and the rule of law, the variety of anti-establishment parties and movements challenging the democratic legitimacy of a discredited financial and political class, and the unclear outcomes of further European integration. Taken together, the contributions to this special issue suggest, these developments may cast a different light on our empirical and normative understanding of the European models of liberal democracy and the welfare state


The article presents the results of studies on the impact of long-term use of cultivated pastures with different levels of fertilizers on the main indicators of soil fertility (humus, nitrogen), expressed in natural and energy values.


An acute inflammation of the oral mucosa is termed as acute streptococcal gingivitis. Streptococcal infections of gingiva are seen rarely as the origin of this gingival inflammation is different from that of routine plaque associated gingivitis. This article describes a patient who presented with severe gingival inflammation that was diagnosed as an acute streptococcal infection associated with aggressive periodontitis. A case of streptococcal gingivitis with aggressive periodontitis was reported which was diagnosed treated with no postoperative complications and side effects.


Homeopathic remedies have been the subject of numerous clinical trials, which test the possibility that they may be effective through some mechanism unknown to science. While some individual studies have positive results, systematic reviews of published trials have failed to demonstrate efficacy. Because of the extremely high dilutions, most homeopathic remedies are, at least, harmless. However, patients who choose to use homeopathy rather than normal medicine risk missing timely diagnosis and effective treatment of serious conditions. The regulation and prevalence of homeopathy


The article states the theoretical foundation of constructing Learning society in our country, analyses its background of education, society and policy, summarizes its characteristics and symbol, points out the relations between Learning society and development of vocational education, the role of vocational education in Learning society, and vocational education how to auept the challenge of Learning society.


The laying pipe manipulator is a new equipment to lay concrete pipe. This kind of manipulator makes the work of laying pipes mechanized and automated. We report here a new laying pipe manipulator. The manipulator has 5 free degrees, and is driven by the hydraulic system. In the paper, one critical question of manipulator is studied: the locating ways of the manipulator to lay concrete pipe. During the process of laying concrete pipe, how to locate the manipulator is realized by the locating system of manipulator. The locating system consists of photoelectric target, laser producer, and computer. According to different construction condition, one or two or three photoelectric targets can be used. During the process of laying concrete pipe, if the interface of pipes are jointed together, and the other segment of pipe deviates from the pipe way, one target can be used, if the angle that the manipulator rotates around the holding pipe's axes is 0°, two targets can be used, three targets can be used at any site. In the paper, according to each locating way, the theory analysis is done. And the mathematical models of the manipulator moving from original position to goal position are obtained by different locating way. And the locating experiment was done. According to the experiment result, the work principle and mathematical models of different locating way was turned out to be well adopted for requirement, the mathematical model of different locating way supplies the basic control theory for the manipulator to lay and joint concrete pipe automatically.


Abstract The session will focus on new and existing innovative ways that Community Colleges are effectively addressing workforce needs resulting from a rapidly aging population; the ever-expanding career pathways available to students in the field of gerontology; as well as the continuing higher education needs of students transferring to bachelor's and graduate-level gerontology programs. A panel of Community College and University gerontology professionals, representing both the GSA Community College and Aging Workforce Interest Groups, will share the innovative ways that they are working to address the three focus areas of this symposium. We will also include opportunities for discussion with participants about their experiences with and ideas for addressing these issues.


To compare the prevalence of the anti‐melanoma differentiation‐associated gene 5 antibody (anti‐MDA5 Ab) in Hong Kong Chinese patients with dermatomyositis (DM) and polymyositis (PM); in addition, to examine the association of anti‐MDA5 Ab and the clinical characteristics of these patients.


The incubating period,hatching period,hatching rate of fertilized egg,deformation rate,larvae survival rate within a certain period of time(24 h and 48 h)and survival activity index(SAI)of newly hatched larvae of Lethrinus nebulosus were observed at salinities of 0,5‰,10‰,15‰,20‰,25‰,30‰,35‰,40‰ and 45‰,and pH values of 5.5,6.0,6.5,7.0,7.5,8.0,8.5,9.0,9.5.The results showed that the incubating period and hatching period of L.nebulosus demonstrated a variation tendency of shortening first and then lengthening within a certain range of salinity and pH values;hatching rate and larvae survival rate within a certain period of time(24 h and 48 h)became higher in salinity from 10‰ to 45‰;hatching rate and larvae survival rate within a certain period of time(24 h and 48 h)became higher in pH values from 6.5 to 9.0.The SAI of newly hatched larvae of L.nebulosus became higher in salinity from 10‰ to 40‰;the SAI of newly hatched larvae of L.nebulosus became higher in pH values from 6.0 to 9.0;larvae only SAI values higher than 3 could be reared to finish their metamorphosis and become young fish.The others would die in several days.Taken together,results showed that:Salinity from 10‰ to 45‰,pH from 6.5 to 9.0 are suitable for hatching and the optimum is salinity from 15‰ to 40‰,pH from 7.0 to 8.5,respectively;Salinity from 10‰ to 40‰,pH from 5.5 to 9.5 are suitable for larvae survival and the optimum is from 20‰ to 25‰ for salinity,and from 7.0 to 8.5 for pH,respectively.


This paper is devoted to the relationship of peasants and nobles of the late Russian Empire. Alleging the presence of anti-revolutionary position among the peasants. Concluded about the uniqueness of the dynamics of noble peasant relations and need for an integrated approach to their study and evaluation.


Effective population size (Ne) is a particularly useful metric for conservation as it affects genetic drift, inbreeding and adaptive potential within populations. Current guidelines recommend a minimum Ne of 50 and 500 to avoid short-term inbreeding and to preserve long-term adaptive potential, respectively. However, the extent to which wild populations reach these thresholds globally has not been investigated, nor has the relationship between Ne and human activities. Through a quantitative review, we generated a dataset with 4145 georeferenced Ne estimates from 3576 unique populations, extracted from 712 articles. These data show that certain taxonomic groups are less likely to meet 50/500 thresholds and are disproportionately impacted by human activities; plant, mammal, and amphibian populations had a ≤52% probability of reaching N̂e = 50 and a <5% probability of reaching N̂e = 500. Populations listed as being of conservation concern according to the IUCN Red List had a lower N̂e than unlisted populations, and this relationship held true across all taxonomic groups. N̂e was reduced in areas with a greater Global Human Footprint, especially for amphibians and mammals, however relationships varied between taxa. We also highlight several considerations for future works estimating N̂e, including the role that gene flow and subpopulation structure plays in the estimation of N̂e in wild populations, and the need for finer-scale taxonomic analyses. Our findings provide guidance for more specific thresholds based on Ne and help prioritize assessment of populations from taxa most at risk of failing to meet conservation thresholds.


Bank stakeholders such as investors, creditors, and other stakeholders of a bank, expect full disclosure to evaluate banks' financial statements. To achieve this goal, bank managers can increase the value of a bank by enhancing the return on their investments. This study examines the impact of financial performance on the market value of Jordanian public shareholding banks. The study model examines the effect of return on investment (ROI), debt ratio, dividend policy, and current ratio while controlling for bank size. Bank value is measured using the market value. The sample is Jordanian banks listed on the Amman Stock Exchange between 2005 and 2020. To investigate the link between the study variables, the random effect model, panel least squares approach, correlation analysis, and descriptive measures are used. The findings indicate that banks own 3.025 JD from current assets for each JD from current liabilities. In addition, the debt ratio is 38.4% from total assets. Adj R2 for the study model is 22.1%. The results show that profitability, leverage, and bank size significantly affect the value of Jordanian banks, while dividend policy and liquidity do not have a significant impact.


The utility model relates to a novel fireproof glass which comprises a glass body, wherein a layer heat resistant transparent resin film is adhered on the surface of the glass body, and the transparent resin film is manufactured by virtue of polyester resin material; and the polyester resin is 50 to 350Mum thick. The novel fireproof glass provided by the utility model is simple in structure; the resin film is adhered on the surface of the glass, so that the novel fireproof glass can be conveniently manufactured along with low cost; and moreover, the polyester resin is high in heat resistance, thus obvious effect on fire proofing can be achieved, and the safety of people can be guaranteed.


L-tryptophan (TrP) was investigated as a functional film-forming additive on a lithium-rich layered oxide cathode, because it has much lower oxidation potential than common carbonate-based electrolytes. Due to its prior oxidation to base electrolyte, an artificial CEI(cathode electrolyte Interphase) was formed on cathode surface, which could be confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy and supported by density functional theory calculations. The functional film on the cathode surface suppressed the side reaction between cathode and electrolyte during cell cycling. As a result, the film prevented CEI thickening and performance deterioration. The optimum weight of TrP was determined to be 0.4 wt.%.


By their RD investments,alliance members can obtain the learning capacities necessary to create value for them through knowledgesharing alliances,but these learning capacities can also lead to the opportunism.By a simple model of game,this paper finds that if the commitments can be produced through these RD investments,then alliance partners will not exhibit the opportunism and each member's level of knowledge input can also be determined by these commitments and the learning capacities together.Finally,some phenomena,such as the tendency of foreign capital's exclusive investments in Sino-foreign joint ventures can also be explained by using the results and method of this paper.


We know that gingivitis is a common finding in the adult population as well as in the young one. Early studies already showed gingivitis affects anywhere from 40 to 60% of school-children in the United States, although higher percentages have been reported as well, up to 70% in children older than seven years of age.


All right, let it be, then, In Search of Myself, if that does not sound presumptuous: for who am I? That anyone should search for me? I believe I have done some honest work; but on the whole, as my wife says, I have done what I wished to do; and therefore, she says, I should be satisfied. The trouble is, I have not been able to provide for her in even the smallest measure. —FREDERICK PHILIP GROVE, from a letter to Ellen Elliot (Pacey 489)


The existence of SMEs Sarong Samarinda has become one of the pillars of the economy of some Samarinda people. From raw material suppliers, weavers, business owners, and souvenir shops to online store activists, all are involved and feel the economic impact of the existence of the Samarinda Sarong Center. Like SMEs in Indonesia, Samarinda Sarong centers also experience many problems and obstacles in the sustainability of their business, especially in marketing Samarinda sarong products to the international market. This article examines how to maintain and develop the Samarinda Sarong SMEs in the 4.0 era, which is full of challenges to export. Case study research methods with field research, observation, and interviews. The study results show that the biggest problem currently experienced by weavers is product marketing and the weavers' mindset toward the importance of implementing management on a simple scale. So far, SMEs Sarong Samarinda has only focused on the domestic market, while opportunities to penetrate the export market are wide open.


A novel method of combining modal synthesis and residual flexibility for structure and boundary elements for fluid to compute the acoustic pressures in an enclosed cavity that might have application in automotive industry is studied. Traditionally in the automotive industry, both the fluid cavity and the enclosing flexible structure are modelled using finite elements to find the acoustic pressures. A method is proposed where the flexible structures such as automotive panels are modelled using finite elements available in any commercial software package and fluid cavity is modelled using boundary elements. This approach substantially reduces modelling and computing effort required for fluid cavity. Modal synthesis and residual flexibility vectors to account for the truncated higher frequency modes of the flexible interacting structure are utilised to improve the accuracy. Results of the new technique are compared against two other methods, namely, direct frequency method and the case where both the structure and the fluid are modelled using finite elements.


In a recent article, we achieved the well-posedness of linear hyperbolic initial and boundary value problems (IBVP) in a rectangle via semigroup method, and we found that there are only two elementary modes called hyperbolic and elliptic modes in the system. It seems that, there is only one set of boundary conditions for the hyperbolic mode, while there are infinitely many sets of boundary conditions for the elliptic mode, which can lead to well-posedness. In this article, we continue to consider linear hyperbolic IBVP in a rectangle in the constant coefficients case and we show that there are also infinitely many sets of boundary conditions for hyperbolic mode which will lead to the existence of a solution. We also have uniqueness in some special cases. The boundary conditions satisfy the reflection conditions introduced in Section 3, which turn out to be equivalent to the strictly dissipative conditions.


Results show that traditional buildings (pre-1997) would have large inelastic demands in frequent events and could collapse in larger events. It is expected, however, that modern buildings would have adequate performance even in extreme events. The radical improvement in the expected and observed performance of modern school buildings is due to the increase in the stiffness demands of the 1997 code.


The paper describes drug release evaluation of a biodegradable long-acting con-traceptive Capsule (CaproF) containing levonorgestrel (LNG)in vivo.Poly(E-Capro-lactone) (PCL) biodegradable material,suitable for many medical application,wasused in this study.It was extruded into tubes.The tubes were then cut and loadedwith LNG powder before melting-sealed on both ends to get drug capsules.This sub-dernal implant has been found to be highly effective in animal experiments.Two ad-


Rates of free convective mass transfer at horizontal and vertical perforated plates containing circular holes were measured by determining the limiting current of the cathodic deposition of copper from acidified copper sulfate solutions. Variables studied were the vertical plate height or horizontal disk diameter, the hole diameter, and the physical properties of solution. The data at the vertical perforated plate were correlated by the equation Sh = 0.1(Sc × Gr)0.33, while the data at the horizontal perforated plate were correlated by the equation Sh = 0.062(Sc × Gr)0.349. A comparison of the rate of mass transfer at perforated surfaces with that at unperforated surfaces shows that the rate of mass transfer at vertical perforated surfaces is almost equal to that at unperforated vertical surfaces, while for horizontal perforated surfaces the rate of mass transfer at horizontal perforated surfaces is lower than that at unperforated surfaces. Industrial implication of the present results for the electronic ...


2-Hydroxyimino-3-(2-hydrazonopyridyl)-butane (HHB) was investigated as a new reagent for the flotation of palladium(II). The metal ion forms a 1:1 pale-violet complex with HHB in aqueous solution. An intense clear violet layer was formed, after flotation, by adding an oleic acid (HOL) surfactant. The composition of the float is 1:1 (Pd:HHB). A highly selective and sensitive spectrophotometric procedure was proposed for the determination of microamounts of Pd(II) as its floated complex. The flotation–determination method was achieved in the pH range 2.5–7.0. Beer's law was obeyed up to 6×10^−5 mol l^−1 (6.3 ppm). Interference from various foreign ions was avoided by adding excess HHB. The molar absorptivities of Pd–HHB and Pd–HHB–HOL systems are 2.5×10^3 and 2.1×10^4 l mol^−1 cm^−1 at 555 nm, each. The formation constants of the species formed in the presence and absence of HOL are 9×10^5 and 4.6×10^7 l mol^−1, respectively. The method was successfully applied to the analysis of Pd(II) in simulated ores, complexes, and water samples. The separation mechanism is discussed.


The effect of fluidized steam sterilization on black pepper grains was tested. The results show that, the fluidized steam sterilization has apparent sterilizing effect on coliform group and other pathogenic bacteria, the total numbers of colony decreased with the increased steam flow and steam temperature, the water content of black pepper grain after sterilization increased with the increased steam flow and the water content increment was larger at lower steam temperature than that at higher steam temperature. Sensory analysis shows that there are little changes in color and luster and idiosyncratic aroma of black pepper grain.


Emulsified oily wastewater from dye production chemical plants is one of the most serious components of wastewater treatment. To develop an effective strategy which can not only efficiently separate the...


Objective:To detect specific IgM antibodies against hepatitis E virus in human serum by ELISA based on the immunodominant polypeptide of ORF2.Methods:Anti-HEV IgM in serum samples from 33 acute hepatitis E patients and 344 general persons was detected in parallel by ELISA developed in this study and by the kit prepared by Beijing Wantai Biological Pharmacy Enterprise Co.,LTD.Western blotting was used to confirm the antibody status.Results:All the 33 serum samples from acute hepatitis E patients were positive for anti-HEV IgM detected by our ELISA and the accordant rate was 100%.Thirty-one of them were positively detected by Wantai ELISA kit and the accordant rate was 93.9%.In 344 serum samples from general population,our ELISA showed that 11 were positive.However,Wantai kit showed that only 6 of them were positive.Western blot analysis clarified that the remained 5 samples were all positive for anti-HEV IgM.Conclusion:The ELISA based on the immunodominant epitope of ORF2 developed in this study is highly sensitive and specific for detection of anti-HEV IgM.


The new ligand, thiocarboxyphenyl-4-allyl-5-phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole (L) was prepared and characterized by micro elemental analysis (CHN) and Infrared spectroscopy. Selected metals, which were Fe(III), Cu(II), Cd(II), Hg(II) and Au(III) where reacted with (L) to produce new complexes. These complexes were identified through micro elemental analysis, Infrared and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and other techniques. Depending on the data obtained, chemical formula and geometry of complexes were suggested. Biological activity of the complexes against selected types of microorganisms was also examined.


This article is the result of research of school secretary profession in urban, public and private schools, small and large in the city of Sao Sebastiao, in the Federal District. This study aimed to analyze the role and powers of the Secretary in his work routine in public and private schools. Qualitative methodology was based on the ethnographic study conducted by field research and interviews with semi-structured questionnaire application, observations and photographic records in the workplace in four schools (two public and two private). The study showed that the performance of this person may be different in the public and private space, school size small to large, the profile of the secretary has aged over 30 years with higher education and training technical level school office. The routine and duties of the secretary in public schools meets the directives and guidelines of the School Handbook. In private schools these activities are differentiated by size of school, in the large schools the secretary acts only in the administrative area. In the small schools this professional is a kind of school manager acting as coordinator, secretary and administrator.


In the Hengjing hot springs area, southern Jiangxi Province, 10 samples taken from hot springs and cold springs are analyzed for hydrochemistry. Evidences show that the geothermal waters in the area are of meteoric origin. Gas chemistry, helium isotopic composition, and carbon isotopic abundance of carbon dioxide and methane for 4 gas samples from hot springs are measured. The CO_2 concentrations of the geothermal gases is higher than 96%, and the δ~(13)C values of CO_2 range from -4.43‰ to -5.5‰ indicate that the CO_2 come from the mantle. The helium isotopic ratios ~3 He/ ~4 He for the hot spring gases changing from 1.36Ra to 2.11Ra suggest that the mantle helium input may exist in the geothermal system of the study area. The hot spring gases in the area are categorized into the mantle CO_2 type gases that are the mantle inorganic gases produced by degassing of the mantle.


Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) is a pleiotrophic cytokine which induces the activation of NF‐κB, MAP kinases, and cell death. TNF‐α‐induces the programmed cell death under the condition, where NF‐κB activation is defective, concomitant with robust increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Therefore, intracellular signaling processes including the inhibition of NF‐κB activation and robust increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are prerequisite for the induction of cell death programming. In order to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the involvement of ROS in TNF α‐induced cell death, we targeted cytosolic antioxidant enzymes including catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and peroxiredoxin which are H2O2‐reducing peroxidases. Systematic depletion of cellular H2O2‐reducing peroxidases using RNA interference revealed that ablation of cytosolic antioxidant enzymes only augments both the biphasic H2O2 level and caspase‐dependent apoptosis induced by TNF‐α in HeLa cervical cancer cell line, but they did not modulate necrotic cell death. Although the depletion of any of the endogenous antioxidant enzymes results in global increase of the intracellular ROS level generated in response to TNF‐α‐induced apoptosis, PrxII regulatable H2O2 only influences caspase 8‐dependent apoptosis. Moreover, GPx I have a dominant effect on stress kinase activation and consequential cell death including p38 and JNK. Collectively, these results suggest that a novel mechanism underlying the selective action of intracellular ROS, precisely H2O2, in TNF α‐induced apoptosis. This study was supported by a grant of Discovery and validation of new drug project (2011‐0030195).


Objective To investigate the effect of nursing intervention on preoperative anxiety in women with ectopic pregnancy Methods 60 women with ectopic pregnancy were randomly divided into study group and control group,30 for each group.Self-made questionnaires on preoperative anxiety factors were used for survey.The subjects were asked to complete a questionnaire based on the contents and then the questionnaire was submitted on the spot.Anxiety was assessed by nurses according to Zung's anxiety self-assessment scale ( SAS ).The control group received routine preoperative care of ectopic pregnancy,and the study group received intervention measnres including strengthening of cognitive therapy,individual psychological care,relaxation therapy,and preoperative visits in addition to routine care.The subjects were scored again for anxiety one day before surgery.Results The anxiety score did not differ signifcantly between the two groups before intervention ( P> 0.05 ) but differed significantly after intervention ( P<0.05 ).In the study group,the anxiety score was significantly lowered after the intervention ( P< 0.05 ).Conclusions Systematic nursing intervention can significantly reduce preoperative anxiety in women with ectopic pregnancy.It plays a positive role in helping patients to face reality,ease emotion of fear and worry,and follow the care plans.

Key words:
Nursing intervention;  Ectopic pregnancy;  Surgery;  Anxiety


An automatic counterweight mechanism with an adjustable eccentricity crank comprises a rotating body (1), a crank (2) and counterweights; the crank (2) is connected with the rotating body (1) through a first slide guide (3); the counterweights include a first counterweight (4) and a second counterweight (5); the first and second counterweights (4 and 5) are connected with the rotating body (1) respectively through a second slide guide (6) and a third slide guide (7); the first slide guide (3), the second slide guide (6) and the third slide guide (7) are parallel; the first and second counterweights (4 and 5) are symmetrically arranged along the crank (2); a transmission unit is arranged between the first counterweight (4) and the crank (2), and another transmission unit is arranged between the second counterweight (5) and the crank (2). Compared with the prior art, the automatic counterweight mechanism has the advantages that adjusting is achieved without stoppage, the structure is simple, weight is light, energy consumption is low, adjusting efficiency is high, adjusting precision is high and operating efficiency of equipment is high.


This is a paper on examining about the possibility of poetry therapy using modern korean poetry in a class at university. The writer tried to lead students who were attending in the korean poetry class to understand the concept of poetry therapy and look into their own mind and life. The writer anticipated they are able to reinforce their own flexible and dynamic spirit that could stand against anxiety anguish in everyday life. Because a poetry therapy is a way of giving chances of self-examination to those who suffer from anxieties andi mental anguish. The writer studied that reading and writing poems helps students understand what problems they have. And good poems' structure and rhythm, metaphor and symbol could be used to raise students' concentration on their own mental problems. The writer once reported by an essay how to lead students on the relation of acceptable, expressional poetry therapy in a class at university. This time the writer showed two cases of poetry therapy what the writer got by the interview through direct and indirect methods with students. As the result, students showed that they could recognize and handle their own psychotic situation. At the end of the essay, a survey was presented about how students understand and think of the process of poetry therapy in the modern korean poetry class.


We review plans for future fixed target lepton- and hadron-scattering facilities, including the 12 GeV upgraded CEBAF accelerator at Jefferson Lab, neutrino beam facilities at Fermilab, and the antiproton PANDA facility at FAIR. We also briefly review recent theoretical developments which will aid in the interpretation of the data expected from these facilities.


In the vicinity of the boundary between lithosphere and astenosphere the value of fO2 in the mantle rocks is estimated at the level of FMQ-4 log units, and equilibrium fluid contains water and methane (Woodland, Koch, 2003). At such low fO2 values carbonates and carbonate melts should be unstable in both eclogitic and peridotitic parageneses (Luth, 1999). The results obtained in (Woodland, Koch, 2003; Rohrbach, 2007) indicate further decrease in redox potential at astenospheric depths. Therefore for the most part of the upper mantle the probable diamond-forming media could be reduced fluids/melts. Modeling of the diamond formation was performed in the H2O-CH4-C and Mg2SiO4-H2O-CH4-C systems at 6.3 GPa and 1200-1600°C with run duration of 40h. Experiments were carried out using a multi-anvil highpressure apparatus of a "split-sphere" type (Pal'yanov et al., 1997). A high-pressure cell (Fig. 1) in the form of tetragonal prism, 21.1 x 21.1 x 25.4 mm in size, was used. The temperature was measured in each experiment using a PtRh30/PtRh6 thermocouple. Details on the pressure and temperature calibration have been presented elsewhere (Pal'yanov et al., 2002).


Introduction: Traumatic rupture of the descending thoracic aorta typically involves the isthmus (85%); just the 15-20% of the patients survive the trauma. The endovascular approach may represent an effectiveness alternative therapy to traditional surgical treatment. Materials and method: In the last 12 months we observed 4 patients (age range 17-27). The mean Glasgow Coma Scale GCS was 8 (range 3-15). The CT scan documented a mediastinal hematoma distally to the origin of the left subclavian artery. We implanted an Excluder endograft through femoral artery surgical approach. Results: The pseudoaneurysm was excluded in all the cases; mortality rate was 0. We didn't observed major neurological complications. Mean CT follow-up was 6 months; we documented the complete absorption of the hematoma and no sign of endograft complications. Conclusion: The endovascular approach is feasible and permits faster hemodynamic stabilization of the patient.


Management of Maize stem borer Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) using various insecticides in field condition was carried out during Kharif 2019-2020 at central Research field SHUATS Prayagraj, UP., India. The management of Maize Stem borer Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) was done using 8 different treatments and benefit cost ratios of all the treatments were calculated. Single spray was applied to protect the crop from Chilo partellus using randomized block design with three replications. The observations of Chilo partellus before 24 hours (Pre- treatment) and 3rd, 7th and 14th day after spraying (Post-treatment) were recorded for computing the percent of pest reduction. The data were subjected to statistical analysis after appropriate transformation for interpretation. The treatment with recommended insecticide Fipronil 0.3% G was of the most effective treatment followed with Carbofuran 3G and Spinosad 45% SC The next best treatments were found to be Chlorantraniliprole 0.4G, Cypermethrin 10% EC. Indoxacarb and Profenophos were found to be least effective against Chilo partellus (Swinhoe). The highest Benefit cost ratio was recorded with Fipronil (1:1.70) and Carbofuran (1:1.60) followed by the Spinosad (1:1.46), Chlorantraniliprole (1:1.39), Cypermethrin (1:1.28), Indoxacarb (1:1.15), Profenophos (1:1.07).


Atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed the surface structures of nanodot arrays fabricated by selective etching of SiGe/Si films that have pure-edge dislocation networks at the SiGe–Si interface. By varying the etching time, it is possible to control the composition of the nanodot arrays, allowing either SiGe or Si nanodot arrays to be fabricated. The surface roughness of the nanodot arrays does not originate from the nanodots themselves, but from the spatial variation in the depth of dislocations in the SiGe/Si films prior to etching. Individual nanodots in SiGe nanodot arrays have smoother profiles than those in Si nanodots although the nanodots in SiGe and Si nanodot arrays have similar heights and diameters. The rougher surface of individual Si nanodots is due to the lower etching selectivity, which results from the smaller dislocation influence on the etching reaction in Si substrates far from the interface. Transmission electron microscopy images reveal the formation of arrays of epitaxial SiGe nanodots with smooth surfaces, which is consistent with the AFM results.


Objective To discuss the character of imaging findings of pseudomyxoma peritoneum(PMP).Methods 2 cases of PMP proved by pathology were performed with ultrasonography and CT scan.Results Two cases of PMP showed intra-abdominal massive ascites with multiple solid tumors,and that scattered point-strip calcification,like hepatic and spleen scalloping shape.Conclusion PMP is characterized by the lesion site and shape in the images,Accurate imaging evaluation can be benefit to scheme of treatment.


OBJECTIVE
To study the effects of subchorionic hematoma (SCH) on pregnancy outcome.

METHODS
We searched publications from January 2000 to July 2015 for cohort and case-control studies evaluating subchorionic hematoma and perinatal outcomes, including spontaneous abortion, premature delivery and delivery mode.

RESULTS
Data of 6 articles analyzed by meta-analysis showed that SCH group had higher rate of spontaneous abortion, while no difference in premature delivery and delivery mode, compared with threatened abortion group.

CONCLUSION
Subchorionic hematoma increases the risk of spontaneous abortion, while premature delivery rate and delivery mode are not affected if the pregnant women can continue the pregnancy.


In this paper, we present an assignment for a course on Design patterns at the masters level, where students have to adapt an existing program to meet additional requirements. We describe the basic program, discuss the reasons why we decided for such an assignment, and show the results. The assignment proved to be very effective both to train students to work with design patterns and to assess that students have reached the learning goals. This was true both for students with a professional background and for students with academic interests.


Human behavior is constantly being modified, though not as rapidly or always in the direction that health professionals might wish. In cancer prevention and detection programs, human behavior is modified by several common interrelated methods: the mass media; face‐to‐face communication; risk‐minimization measures; economic forces; and the enactment of laws and regulations. Information and education are the preferred methods and have over a period of time achieved encouraging results. Future emphasis should focus on improving communication skills of health professionals, especially physicians; the promotion of hospital health education programs; and the support of more effective school health education programs. Health professionals have responsibilities for public information and education programs. They should keep the public informed about the latest scientific advances while guarding against oversimplifying scientific facts than can be misinterpreted. They must be aggressive in the battle against cancer quackery, and they must keep abreast of the self‐care and self‐help movements, supporting those that contribute to cancer prevention and detection. Cancer 47:1221–1225, 1981.


We studied the influence of antigibberellin compounds with different mechanisms of action-Paclobutrazole (0,05 %) and Dextrel (0,3 %) on the formation of leaf surface, structure of photosynthetic apparatus and features of leaf functioning under retardants artificial growth control on sugar beet plants. We found that retardants treatment slowed the growth of total leaf surface of sugar beet. At the same time, application of Paclobutrazole (0,05 %) caused a greater retardation effect on plant growth. The number of dead leaves of treated plants during vegetation season was unchanged compared to control. We established that decrease in the leaf area was accompanied by their thickening due to increase in the size of palisade and spongy parenchyma cells, decrease in the size of epidermal cells and increase in the number of stomatas per unit leaf area. Stomatal index which characterizes the ratio of number of stomata form to the total number of epidermal cells on the same leaf area was identical for all experimental variants, notably, the ratio of stomata and other epidermal cells not changed under retardants application. Retardants are a powerful means to regulate the assimilation apparatus activity, one of the donor-acceptor system component, and can be used for the targeted regulation of plastic substances redistribution in sugar beet.


To study the material basis of Chinese materia medica(CMM) is the basis of modernization of CMM.Recently,along with the development of modern analytical methods and separation technologies,material basis research of CMM has achieved great progress,and new strategies and approaches are emerging.In order to promote the material basis research of CMM and the discovery of leading compounds and novel drugs stemmed from CMM and natural products,the present review summarized the current strategies and approaches on the material basis research of CMM.Especially,new strategies and approaches,including rapid separation technology based on two dimensional high-throughput preparative liquid chromatography(2D-pHPLC),rapid identification and high efficient preparation technologies based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-database and preparative HPLC(LC-MS-DS/ pHPLC),and new methods and technologies for material basis research,such as CMM components research and database construction based on LC-DAD-MSnwere emphatically introduced.


Abstract A right femur (KCSP-128) from late Pleistocene deposits (ca. 36,210 yr B.P.; Rancholabrean) in Kartchner Caverns State Park, southeastern Arizona, is identified as the larger-than-modern roadrunner, Geococcyx californianus conklingi. This large form is best known from late Pleistocene localities in New Mexico and Nuevo Leon, as well as from assumed mixed late Pleistocene/Holocene deposits from New Mexico, Texas, and Chihuahua. It has never been reported from Arizona. Fossils of the modern-sized form, Geococcyx californianus californianus, have been reported from late Pleistocene localities in California and New Mexico, and from mixed late Pleistocene/Holocene deposits in Chihuahua. Comparisons of the Kartchner Caverns specimen to modern G. c. californianus specimens, and to published data of fossil G. c. californianus and G. c. conklingi, indicate KCSP-128 is relatively larger than the G. c. conklingi data and notably larger than G. c. californianus. KCSP-128 is added to the Rancholabrean record as the first late Pleistocene roadrunner reported from Arizona.


In this paper, we present a new high order explicit four-step method of eighth algebraic order for solving second-order linear periodic and oscillatory initial value problems of ordinary differential equations such as undamped Duffing's equation. Numerical stability and phase properties of the new method is analyzed. The main structure of the method is multiderivative, and the combined phases were applied to expand the stability interval and to achieve P-stability. The advantage of the method in comparison with similar methods in terms of efficiency, accuracy, and stability is shown by its implementation in some well-known problems.


The increasing amount of mobile traffic leads to a significantly higher energy consumption of mobile networks that is mainly caused by the high number of required base stations. One recent solution for this is based on a two-layered network that uses long-range macro cells to provide a full coverage signaling overlay and short-range small cells for fast data transmissions. These small cells can be switched off when they are not needed and allow network-wide energy optimizations. This paper presents an architecture that extends existing mobile networks to integrate a small cell layer that supports on-demand cell activation. We discuss how additional small cells can be interconnected with existing core components and how they can be controlled by a resource management component. Finally, a Wi-Fi based proof of concept testbed implementation is presented that demonstrates the feasibility of the approach.


Purpose] There are no comparative studies of treatment outcome of drug susceptible and isoniazid (INH) mono-resistant tuberculosis in Japan. We retrospectively investigated the clinical characteristics and time to sputum conversion of INH mono-resistant tuberculosis. [Methods] We reviewed the medical records of all patients with smear-positive tuberculosis admitted and treated in Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center between April 2010 and March 2015. Patients in whom negative culture conversion were confirmed were included. The study compared patient characteristics, imaging findings, laboratory results, and time to sputum culture conversion between 20 patients with INH mono-resistance and 523 patients susceptible for all drugs used. [Results] INH mono-resistant patients were more likely to have a history of tuberculosis treatment, and tended to have more extended lesion. On the other hand, the sputum culture conversion time was not significantly different between two groups. Similarly, there was no significant difference between lowand high-level of INH resistance in time to sputum culture and smear conversion. [Conclusion] INH mono-resistance did not affect early treatment outcomes, and initial treatment of standard regimen had validity even in INH mono-resistant tuberculosis.


The COVID-19 pandemic had an impact on people living with heart disease. They often delay in control time to visit the health care unit, cancelling treatment or not continuing their medication. This condition results in decreasing health status, increasing re-current events, rehospitalization, and low quality of life. Implementation of self-management was essential in managing their disease during daily care at home. Efforts to increase the knowledge of self-management among people living with heart disease were a preventive measure to maintain their health status. These activities aimed to improve self-management knowledge among people living with heart disease in daily care. The method used group education among 22 people in the Bansa district. We used the self-management questionnaire's knowledge to measure knowledge through a pre and post-test. Data analysis was presented in descriptive statistics. The result showed an increased knowledge of self-management; the complete knowledge of self-management before education was 31.86, and after education was 43.00. Education effectively improved the knowledge of communities about self-management behaviour that can be implemented in their daily life. Continuing education is important as a preventive and persuasive strategy to increase the health status of communities.


Newton-Raphson method and Gauss-Sederal method are two ways for load flow calculation in power system.Accurate required initial values and high speed iteration are two characters of Newton-Raphson method while the calculating speed of Gauss-Seidel method is slow due to its linear conver-gence.According to the structural properties of power system,a colligate algorithm is proposed in which the load flow results of the first iteration obtained by Gauss-Seidel method are used as the initial values of Newton-Raphson method.Not only can it figure out the question of requestion of accurate initial val-ues,but also shorten the calculating time.A numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the presented method.


L.Abstract By using high-frequency Ring Oscillators, the dynamic Floating Body Effect(FBE) and delay time on fully depleted Silicon-on-insulator(FD-Sol) CMOS inverters have been evaluated, for the first time, up to 500 MIIZ. As a result of dynamic FBE, an increase of inverter delay time is observed for frequencies above 150 MIIZ for the 0.25un"1 and 0.35um FD-SOI evaluated devices. 2. Introduction SOI devices are recently notable for low-power portable terminal applications. As traditional study, characteristics of IID-SOI are as follows. Steep subthreshold[L], Kinkless[2], Enhancement of current driver-ability[3],[4], Stability for floating body effects[5],[6] However the body potential of FD-SOI is not fixed because of device structure. Therefore FD-SOI characteristics fluctuate by the body potential variation. In this paper, we describe the delay characteristics for dynamic IIBE by evaluating the ring-oscillator circuits fabricated by 0.25um and 0.35um FD-SOI technologies. From the analysis of delay characteristics, the delay time instability is caused by the dynamic body potential variation owing to the unbalance of charging of floating body by impact ionization and discharge of diode currents. 3. Experiment The dymamic floating body effects are evaluated by measuring the propagation delay time(tpd) for various CMOS inverter-type ring-oscillators with different number of stages(f{).[fro=L/2NTpd, with N=11,23,37,47,79,L011 The measured circuits which include a 256-divider due to be measurable high-frequency is shown in Fig. 1. Brief transistor description and characteristics to demonstrate the transistors are really FD are shown in Table L and Fig.2., respectively. 4. Results and Discussion Dependence of delay on oscillating frequency The dependence of delay time on oscillating frequency is shown in Fig. 3 at Vdd=lV. When the oscillating frequency is over 150 MlIz, the propagation delay time increases with increase of oscillating frequency. The Maximum increase rate is 9.6% at 48L MHz and room temperature. The above phenomenon in PD-SOI has been observed, and it is caused by the majority carrier re-distribution effect[7]. However this majority carrier re-distribution effect does not occul in FD-SOI, since the body is usually depleted. Inlluence of fixed body potential Extended Abstracts of the 2002 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials, Nagoya, 2002, pp.796-797


The reader comes to this new work by Jacqueline Loss, professor at the University of Connecticut, with her previous book still fresh in mind, the collection of essays that she edited with José Manuel Prieto, Caviar with Rum: Cuba-USSR and the Post-Soviet Experience (2012). First, we wonder if, beyond the familiar resonances between the two titles, she has followed the same course of inquiry; we're curious to know if, with this volume, she sums up that research in a definitive way. The answer will not be kept waiting. The two-hundred-plus pages here are the fruit of a ten-year investigation in which Loss explored the still traceable remnants of Soviet culture on the island. She undertakes her task, therefore, with the determination of a prestidigitator. As if it were a matter of discovering treasures as overexposed as they are ignored by the gaze of the usual passerby. My greatest work is helping to unveil them, it seems to whisper. It is worth pointing out as well that, along with her work, the recent book by Damaris Puñales-Alpízar, Escrito en cirílico: el ideal soviético en la cultura cubana posnoventa (2012), sketches a new map for finding those long-exhibited treasures recently taken up in academic circles. So that, it behooves us to approach Loss's invitation from the standpoint of an alternate dialogue as much with contemporary criticism as with the very cultural productions that become objects of study for these interested specialists. Loss reveals to us the presence of a Cuban-Soviet sensibility through the discussion of films shorts and documentaries such as 9550, by Ernesto René Rodríguez and Jorge Enrique Betancourt; Todas iban a ser reinas, by Review: Literature and Arts of the Americas, Issue 88, Vol. 47, No. 1, 2014, 121–122


Nontimber forest product (NTFP) uses in the United States are neither new nor merely quaint relics of some distant cultural and economic past. As the other chapters in this book make clear, there is a plethora of NTFPs in use at the beginning of the twenty-first century. They contribute to the livelihoods of individuals from diverse ethnic backgrounds in a variety of ways, and the social and ecological contexts within which these uses occur have profound implications for their future. However, today's uses and issues also have a past. Human reliance on nonagricultural plants has a deep and evolving history throughout North America. The story of these uses is fundamentally about relationships-between people and plants and the social structures and interactions within which those uses are embedded. It also is about movement, through both time and space. Examining those relationships and movements in the past provides insights into present-day NTFP issues and suggests questions that must be addressed as we think about their future.


Y2O3:Eu and Y2O3:Eu,Zn nano powders were prepared by both conventional combustion and microwave assistance combustion (MAC) methods. The nanopowders obtained here were investigated by means of X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The chromaticities of samples were also computed from Photoluminescence emission spectra, as well as lattice constant and micro-structural parameters (crystallite size and micro-strain) which were computed from XRD patterns using Rietveld refinement method. Results showed that incorporation of Zn in Y2O3:Eu lattice enhanced the PL intensity and chromaticity of Y2O3:Eu phosphor. It was also found that the samples prepared by microwave assistance combustion method had higher crystallinity, density, chromaticity and PL intensity than the samples prepared by conventional combustion method. SEM micrographs showed that the size of particles produced in microwave was smaller than that of samples produced in electric furnace. (© 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


The present work is to report the implementation of the plan of bodily practices therapeutic physical education in CAPS AD "EspacoAcolher" de Macapa/AP, as well as the inclusion of residents of Physical Education who are part of the Multiprofessional Residency Program in Community Health Area concentration of Mental Health . Thus, the overall goal is to share the experiences of the resident's physical education in CAPS AD for deploying service physical education teacher. And as a specific objective to emphasize actions and practices body therapies performed in CAPS ad by residents in the everyday, and disseminate experiences that contribute to the formation and performance of physical education teachers in mental health service. The report covers the experience that occurred from May 10th October 2nd 2013 , which contains one hundred and three registers on field diary , which were divided into three steps : setting , planning and execution during service , this way were seven vignettes were separated from the diary . Thus , it is emphasized that physical education space in mental health through bodily practices , yoga , hiking , rhythmtherapy , gymnastics and games and sports, enhances the patient in recovery / rescue treatment culture , autonomy , behavior change , critical sense , living in groups, creativity and improvement in their physical well being, mental , spiritual and social , making it an important therapeutic tool for composing the therapeutic CAPS .


The effects of Flaveria bidentis on the growth of nearby radish,corn,cucumber and wheat were studied under indoor potted-planting conditions.The results showed that Flavera bidentis had an obviously inhibition to the seed germination,plant height and plant fresh weight increase of the 4 tested crops,and the inhibition to cucumber and radish was stronger than corn and wheat.Further investigation found that the root activities of radish,cucumber,corn and wheat in treated group were significantly lower than those in control group;the content of soluble protein,chlorophyll and activity of SOD,POD,CAT in the leaves in treated group were lower than those in control group,and the content of MDA was higher than that in the control.These results predicted that Flaveria bidentis possibly exerts influence on its nearby crops through its root-secreting materials.


The german "Politik" is very comprehensive. Different theorists had a fundamentally different understandig of the term. We can distinguish between a realistic and a idealistic approach. The first is represented especially by Carl Schmitt and Max Weber, the second by Hannah Arendt and ancient greek thinkers (Plato, Aristotle). These different views can't be synthesized. "Politik" ist characterized by its generality. Politically is decided, what - within a certain territory - is binding for everyone. Therefore "Politlk" is inseparably connected with power. Moreover, "Polltik" has got a creative element. In sum, "Politlk" means guiding the public affairs in a generally binding and powerful way.


The measurement of heart rate variability has become an important indicator in the diagnosis of certain diseases due to the strong relationship between the nervous system and the cardiovascular system. However, this measurement may be biased by the presence of ectopic beats, which do not originate in the sinoatrial node, causing alterations in the heart rate. The paper presents a set of techniques to address the nonlinear nature of the ECG signals and the strong influence that may cause noise in their processing. Among the techniques used is the Poincaré plot which identifies changes in the RR intervals which may possibly be associated with ectopic beats. In the feature extraction process, a third-order cummulant function was used, which provides noise immunity and allows the extraction of certain characteristics of each type of ectopic beats. Finally, the classification stage is performed using neural networks, which allow for an adequate solution to the problem of classification of ectopic beats.


Rapid urbanization is a fact of live even in the least developed countries (LDCs) where the lion's share of the population presently lives in rural areas and will continue to do so for decades to come. At the turn of the millennium 75% of the LDCs' population still lived in rural areas and 71% of the LDCs' labor force was involved in agriculture. But even though the largest share of their population lives in rural areas and directly or indirectly derives their livelihoods from agriculture, a rapidly increasing share of the population migrates to urban centers in search for employment opportunities outside agriculture in industrial enterprises or the services sector. The main purpose of this paper is to examine the causes and consequences -- in particular, the policy implications -- of the ongoing urbanization in the African LDCs. It is found that the employment opportunities in either rural or the urban sector are not growing adequately. This paper attempts to analyze the emerging trends and patterns of urbanization in the African LDCs within a dynamic dual-dual framework with a strong emphasis on rural-urban migration and the informal sectors. The analysis pinpoints, among other things, the need to build up productive capacities in order to create adequate employment and incomes for the rapidly growing population---particularly in the urban areas. The development of productive capacities, which is a precondition for the creation of productive employment opportunities, is a central element of viable poverty reduction strategy for Bangladesh as well. Without significant poverty reduction it is impossible to think of viable urbanization on the basis of sustainable development criteria in this group of very African countries. The donors, especially the OECD/ DAC countries, should provide the necessary financial backing for such a sustainable and equitable development strategy for Africa. It is necessary to reverse the trends in aid, and to provide a much larger share of aid for productive sector development, including the development of rural and urban areas, and the development of agricultural and non-agricultural sectors in line with the perspective of the dual-dual model. Although urban centers mostly host non-agricultural industries, sustainable urbanization also strongly depends on what happens in the agricultural sectors. Productive employment opportunities in rural areas are important in order to combat an unsustainable migration from rural areas to urban centers, and productive employment opportunities in urban centers are essential to absorb the rapidly increasing labor force in the non-agricultural sector.


This study determines the effect of synthetic phonics on Nigerian primary school pupils' interest in reading. The study which was conducted in Enugu, South East Nigeria adopted the non equivalent, non randomized control group qausi-experimental design. The sample of the study consists of 118 primary one school pupils drawn from four public primary schools in Enugu, Nigeria through multi-stage sampling technique. The subjects of the study who were in intact classes were assigned to experimental and control groups and were pretested and post tested. The experimental group was instructed using synthetic phonics while the control group received instruction through analytic phonics. Data were collected using Reading Interest Inventory (RII). The collected data were analysed using Means, Standard Deviation and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). Mean and Standard Deviation were used to answer the research question while ANCOVA was used to test the hypothesisat 0.05 level of significance (p<0.05). The results of the study revealed that synthetic phonics prove to be more significant in enhancing pupils' interest in reading than analytic phonics. Based on the observations of the study, it was concluded that the use of synthetic phonics for reading instruction is capable of stimulating and sustaining pupils' interest in reading more than analytic phonics. It was therefore recommended that learners should be properly exposed to learning activities and methods such as synthetic phonics that can ignite and sustain their interest in reading.


Steady technical progress is supporting trends toward higher powers, smaller volumes, shorter pulses, higher repetition rates, and new wavelengths in commercial laser devices. Lasers are finding new applications in semiconductor processing, medicine, and other fields.


Recent work using compressively strained-Ge quantum wells grown on S 1-y Ge y virtual substrates
has demonstrated efficient modulation on a silicon substrate through the quantum confined Stark
effect with performance comparable to many direct bandgap III-V materials. The absorption of compressively
strained-Ge quantum wells is calculated using an 8-band k.p solver within the envelope
function technique. The calculated absorption spectra provide excellent agreement with experimental
results, demonstrating that the absorption is dominated by the direct bandgap and allow
a number of predictions of the absorption for different polarizations, quantum well widths, electric
fields and strain to be calculated. It is also shown that some of the experimental results in the
literature require tensile strained substrates to produce agreement with the theoretical calculations.


The properties of confined liquids are of fundamental interest for understanding the limitations of conventional continuum hydrodynamics on small scales. In this article we present accurate measurements of oscillatory solvation forces that arise due to confinement of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane between an AFM tip and a highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) surface. To measure these forces the cantilever was driven at a very small amplitude (<<1 nm) with a home-built cantilever holder. We discuss several models that can be used to extract conservative and dissipative forces from the amplitude and phase distance curves.


The present invention provides a package board. The plate package includes a plate body having a front surface and a rear surface. A first power supply pad, a first ground pad, a first signal pad, a first inner end and a second pad pad disposed on the inner end surface of the front panel body, the second power supply pad, a second ground pad disk and the second signal pads disposed on the rear surface of the plate body. A second power supply pad, the second ground pad and the second signal pad, respectively, a first ground pad and a first signal pad is electrically connected to the first power supply pad. Interconnection line disposed on the inner end region of the body or the plate body is provided on a surface of the plate body. The inner end of the first interconnection line internal terminal pad electrically connected to the second inner terminal pad. The present invention further provides a semiconductor package using the package board.


The purpose of this report is to present information on the structure and history of the U.S. transit bus manufacturing industry with a minimum of analysis. How buses are categorized and the relationship of transit buses to other types of buses are described. The structure of the transit bus industry and its relationship to the larger motor vehicle industry is also described. The history of the transit bus manufacturing industry is presented from production of the first buses at the turn of the century to the present day. The entry and exit of firms from the industry, the development of the Urban Mass Transportation Administration, and the introduction of the advanced design buses are highlighted. This document also discusses profiles of individual manufacturers. The United States and Canadian builders of standard and articulated transit buses are each profiled. Several foreign and domestic companies which have expressed an interest in the industry have also been included.


We investigate the modulational instability and time-domain dynamics of nonlinear magnetic metamaterials composed of coupled split-ring resonators loaded by Kerr nonlinearity. Our results indicate that the recently proposed optical switching of local optical index based on uniform-response assumption seems fragile. We conceive two alternative schemes to utilize the valuable enhanced non- linearity, one is to focus on few-body systems and directly make use of the modulational instability (e.g., an optical comparator design), the other is to consider global switching arising from global feedbacks as in usual cases (e.g., Fabry-Perot cavities) rather than local-resonances-based switching of optical constants which may be destroyed by the discreteness and interactions as we show in this paper. We also try to provide comprehensive understanding of the relations between our results on discrete nonlinear metamterials and those on continuous metamaterials and natural materials in the literatures.


Many women who experience intimate partner violence are left with significant and long-lasting mental health effects resulting in survivors seeking help from psychologists. However, the voices of women who have sought such help are mostly absent in research. To address this gap, we interviewed 20 women survivors of intimate partner violence about their experiences when seeing psychologists. We analysed this data thematically and developed two main themes relating to women's experiences of psychologists after intimate partner violence. These themes were: mirroring abuse or being supportive and it did me quite a bit of damage. Our research suggests that these women experienced suboptimal mental healthcare after intimate partner violence and that the effects of this were not neutral but were damaging. Positive experiences suggested that these women appreciated practices aligned with feminist and trauma and violence-informed approaches. This study fills in some details about women's experiences, which can be used to further inform trauma and violence-informed approaches.Key messagesWomen reported psychologists mirroring the abusive behaviours of intimate partner violence.When psychologists mirrored abusive behaviours, women reported re-traumatisation and inhibited help-seeking.Women reported positive experiences leading to healing and new directions when the care aligned with trauma and violence-informed approaches.


ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to determine the implementation of strengthening the values of nationalism in character education through learning history in senior high school 1 Sungai Penuh. The implementation of nationalism values in character education which is the study in this study is the planning of the implementation of historical learning based on nationalism values as outlined in the implementation of learning plans by teachers, the implementation of national values-based learning through classroom learning activities and constraints faced by teachers in the implementation of historical learning based on the values of nationalism in character education. This study uses a qualitative approach with a type of descriptive research. The subject of this study was the deputy head of the curriculum in the field, history teacher who taught Indonesian history subjects in class XI and several students of class XI. Data collection techniques used in the study were interviews, observation and documentation. The data analysis technique used in this research is the analysis of Miles and Huberman data, namely collecting data, reducing data, displaying data and drawing conclusions. The technique of checking the validity of the data used in this study is the data triangulation technique. Based on the results of the study found that the planning of the implementation of historical learning based on nationalism values in character education has been integrated by the teacher into the RPP then the implementation of the core learning activities of the teacher has instilled nationalism values by giving real examples in real life in accordance with the material discussed. In implementing nationalism values in character education through history education also encountered obstacles faced by teachers such as insufficient time and also bad environmental factors that make it difficult for teachers to exemplify or instill national values for students.


Fucosyltransferases (FucT) from different Helicobacter pylori strains display distinct Type I (Galβ1,3GlcNAc) or Type II (Galβ1,4GlcNAc) substrate specificity. FucT from strain UA948 can transfer fucose to the OH-3 of Type II acceptors as well as to the OH-4 of Type I acceptors on the GlcNAc moiety, so it has both α1,3 and α1,4 activities. In contrast, FucT from strain NCTC11639 has exclusive α1,3 activity. Our domain swapping study (Ma, B., Wang, G., Palcic, M. M., Hazes, B., and Taylor, D. E. (2003) J. Biol. Chem. 278, 21893–21900) demonstrated that exchange of the hypervariable loops, 347DNPFIFC353 in 11639FucT and 345CNDAHYSALH354 in UA948FucT, were sufficient to either confer or abolish α1,4 activity. Here we performed alanine scanning site-directed mutagenesis to identify which amino acids within 345CNDAHYSALH354 of UA948FucT confer Type I substrate specificity. The Tyr350 → Ala mutation dramatically reduced α1,4 activity without lowering α1,3 activity. None of the other alanine substitutions selectively eliminated α1,4 activity. To elucidate how Tyr350 determines α1,4 specificity, mutants Tyr350 → Phe, Tyr350 → Trp, and Tyr350 → Gly were constructed in UA948FucT. These mutations did not decrease α1,3 activity but reduced the α1,4 activity to 61.8%, 78.5%, and 4.7% of wild type level, respectively. Apparently the aromatic nature, but not the hydroxyl group of Tyr350, is essential for α1,4 activity. Our data demonstrate that a single amino acid (Tyr350) in the C-terminal hypervariable region of UA948FucT determines Type I acceptor specificity. Notably, a single aromatic residue (Trp) has also been implicated in controlling Type I acceptor preference for human FucT III, but it is located in an N-terminal hypervariable stem domain.


A multiwavelength Er-doped fibre ring laser system using all fibre Lyot filter and highly nonlinear fibre was experimentally demonstrated, with degree of polarization up to 99.9% and 50 channels output.


Succinylcholine increases serum potassium levels in normal adults by 0.25-0.8 mEq/L (1,2). The magnitude of the increase in potassium is decreased when thiopental or methohexital are used for induction of anesthesia (3,4). Pretreatment with diazepam, hexafluorenium, pancuronium, or fazadinium also prevents succinylcholine-induced serum increases in potassium (2,5-7). Henning and Bush found that after halothane induction of anesthesia, succinylcholine increased serum potassium by a mean of 0.45-0.48 mEq/L in children (8). Keneally and Bush reported that potassium increased by an average of 0.23 mEq/L following succinylcholine after thiopental induction (4 mg/kg) in children less than 5 yr old (9). There were no significant changes in children 6-16 yr old. In these studies of children, premedication was not controlled and alveolar ventilation was not monitored. In the present study we examined the effects of succinylcholine on venous serum potassium concentrations after thiopental induction (6 mgkg) of general anesthesia in healthy, unpremedicated children. Ventilation was controlled to maintain end-tidal C02 within the normal range.


Hexagonal single crystal silicon carbide was thermally oxidized in pure oxygen and in air at 1473 K. The thermally formed oxide scales were composed mostly of amorphous silica. However, some crystalline phase oxide scales were observed randomly distributed on the formed oxide scale. The ratio of crystalline scale to overall oxide scale was less than 5 percent. We characterized the microstructures of the thermally formed oxide scales using transmission electron microscopy with low-dose observation technique. The oxide scales in some regions were divided into two layers, with crystalline scale on the upper and amorphous scale on the lower layer. Traces of calcium were found in the crystalline phase oxide scale, which could have influenced the crystallization.


The literary field in general is interpreted as a differentiated social field that is autonomous in the sense that it follows its own logic - the competition for cultural legitimation. and the producing and reading a literary works, following Bourdieu, been seen as embedded in continuing processes of distinction and the making of hierarchies. After all, it is able to be said that literary field is linked with contested processes of social change. This paper presents the reorganizing of the literary field in the May Fourth era, in particular from 1919 to 1921. There was Research Society of Literature in the center of reorganizing of the literary field which was founded in 1921. That was not a belletrist group, but a group comprised of persons engaged in a social movement. The most members of the society was group of students who have received an education of republic and worked mostly with magazines. They cooperated with The Commercial Press that was the largest cultural capital in those days, and requisitioned Xiaoshuoyuebao as it's main periodical from the old school. This brought about a result of replacement of the old and the new, that is, the reorganizing of the literary field.


On the basis of new paleontological results, isotope ages and a compilation of heavy mineral assemblages, improved paleogeographic maps of North Bohemia – East Germany were created. They show direct connections between the north Bohemian area and the NW European Tertiary Basin for eight time intervals. The high content of the heavy mineral sillimanite in the sediments of the Lusatian area since the beginning of Middle Miocene indicates the sedimentary influence from Bohemia. Before, only water reached the NW European Tertiary Basin, because the Ohre Rift basins functioned as a sediment trap.


Radioactive antigen/antibody complexes are degraded to a greater extent by PE macrophages from C3H, CBA and C57Bl mice injected intraperitoneally with proteose-peptone (stimulated macrophages) and T.A.B. vaccine than by PE macrophages from normal mice and mice immunized with BCG (activated macrophages). On the other hand, spleen macrophages from mice immunized with BCG had a greater digestive capacity than macrophages from mice injected with proteose-peptone or T.A.B. vaccine or from normal mice. Thus, activated macrophages are capable of degrading antigen/antibody complexes, provided that the cells are harvested from one of the foci of BCG infection.


We present a phase field approach to modelling the growth of faceted crystals, illustrated for hexagonal platelets growing in hypereutectic Al-Si alloy. Simulation results confirm experimental evidence that there is a marked change from perfectly faceted morphology to dendritic structures if the temperature at which nucleation occurs is reduced sufficiently


OBJECTIVE To understand the epidemiological characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease(HFMD) in children so as to provide scientific evidence for prevention of hand-foot-mouth disease.METHODS By the means of descriptive epidemiology method,the gender,age,area,population categories,prevalence duration,and clinical manifestations of 2346 who were diagnosed as HFMD from Jan 2009 to Dec 2010 were analyzed;the children with HFMD during 2009-2010 were statistically analyzed in respect of the gender,age,area,and the population categories.RESULTS The disease occurred more frequently in the boys than in the girls,the patients under three years of age were the major population.The prevalence in rural area was more than that in urban area,the disease was the most common in preschool children and scattered living children;June,July,and Sep were the peak months of the prevalence in 2009,the number of cases reached the peak during June and October in 2010,there were significant difference in area and population categories between the children in 2009 and 2010;the clinical manifestations showed pimples and rash in hand,foot,mouth,and hip,meanwhile,totally 972 cases(41.1%) were with fever;59 cases(2.5%) were severe;2 cases(0.1%) were dead.CONCLUSION It is important to strengthen the propaganda of knowledge of prevention and treatment of HFMD.To develop healthy living habit and actively treat and isolate the children with the disease can decrease the incidence rate of HFMD.


The Northwest-German city of Munster saw dramatic religious changes in the sixteenth century. After the first evangelical reforms in the 1520s and a rapid radicalisation in the early 1530s, the cit...


Latin America as a research scenario is a region that for years has suffered the consequences of exploitation, dependence and globalization. Latin American science in recent years has made a series of initiatives with the aim of breaking the dependence imposed by the main databases that index publications. The objectives of the study were: 1) to identify the characteristics of Latin American thinking about science, technology and society and 2) to identify the Latin American initiatives that have been carried out for the emancipation of science. To obtain results, methods and techniques are used at the theoretical and empirical levels. It is identified that the relationship between Latin America and the Global North in terms of science and technology has been fundamentally the reception of technologies. There is little presence of Latin American publications in mainstream databases of science. In the region, initiatives have been developed to break the scientific dependence, the most successful are SciELO and SciELO Citation Index.


This Final Report was prepared for the course unit of Educational Practice, of the Master in Preschool Education of the School of Education, Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra. In this report is my intention to present the experience of six months internship, in a Kindergarten room, with five years old children, and how it became important and relevant to my career. This Final Report includes the characterization of the Institution, its pedagogical model, the Modern School Movement, the group and the dynamics of the activity room, within the organization of space and time. Also is my intention to make the characterization of the cooperating teacher practice. All these aspects are presented through a critical and reflective analysis of all this training, completing with five key experiences that are demonstrative elements of my formative stage, namely, the play, the draw, the Board Meeting, the research and the Children Tracking System. The research was developed under the question "What children think about their experience and daily life in the Kindergarten", performed with the children and supported by a moment of data collection of pedagogical practice, the interviews.


Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) pose particular challenges in terms of Quality of Service (QoS) and performance. This is due to the effect of numerous parameters such as; bandwidth and power constrains, delays, security issues, etc. On the there hand, the degree of freedom enables the wireless mobile nodes to enter and leave the network dynamically. The latter offers redundant paths and dynamic coverage. Particular attention is given to the multipath transmission capability as well as load balancing to have efficient routing possible for heavy multimedia traffics. Multi-path routing represents a promising routing method for wireless mobile ad hoc networks. Multi-path routing achieves load balancing and is more resilient to route failures. Recently, numerous multi-path routing protocols have been proposed for wireless mobile ad hoc networks. The study provides an overview of eight dissimilar protocols by presenting their uniqueness and functionality, and then provides an association and discussion of their respective merits and drawbacks. In order to facilitate communication within the network, a routing protocol is used to discover routes between nodes. Route construction should be done with a minimum of overhead and bandwidth consumption.Multipath routing achieves load balancing and is more resilient to route failures. Recently, numerous multi-path routing protocols have been proposed for wireless mobile ad hoc networks. Performance evaluations of these protocols showed that they achieve lower routing overhead, lower end-to-end delay and alleviate congestion in comparison with single path routing protocols. However, a quantitative comparison of multi-path routing protocols has not yet been conducted. In this work, we present the results of a detailed simulation study of three multi-path routing protocols (SMR, AOMDV and AODV Multipath). Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) consists of several wireless mobile nodes which dynamically exchange data among themselves without the reliance on a fixed base station or a wired backbone network. Due to the limited transmission power, multiple hops are usually needed for a node to exchange information with any other node in the network. So routing discovery and maintenance is crucial issues in MANET.


Safety in tunnels – during construction and in operation – is a subject that has been brought to attention again and again in recent years – influenced by incidents, media and authorities. Through the example of the major Koralm Tunnel project, it is explained how the requirements, but also the understanding and the implementation of safety on the construction site have changed and developed over the years of project development. Various project phases are described like EIA, design handed in for approval, tendering and construction. The client was, for example, required to produce a detailed safety concept as part of the preparation of tenders and prepare for its implementation during the construction phase. Client and design team thus intrude into areas, which were formerly left to or transferred to the contractor. In the implementation, it turned out that the delineation of responsibility between contractor and client becomes ever more complex and blurred due to this "preliminary work" by the client. The challenge for the future is to increasingly create awareness of the responsibility of the individual in the implementation of the concept and clarification of open questions. This is described through details from the contract Koralm Tunnel 2 (KAT2).


For two academic years, students of French at UCLan and students of English at the IUT (University Institute of Technology) in Lannion have taken part in an electronic exchange programme designed to promote and extend the practice of their linguistic skills. In the year under review here, students interacted with each other on a one-to-one basis, using any form of electronic communication available to them. There were also several group sessions set up via Skype or video-conferencing. The current paper seeks to explore the implementation of such an electronic exchange from the English students' perspective, its role in encouraging interaction and Its advantages and disadvantages from the students' and the lecturers' point of view. Findings will serve to further develop and enhance the project in future years and provide guidance for other practitioners.


Doping of predominantly cis polyacetylene with FSO2OOSO2F in SO2F2 solutions at low temperatures yields materials that possess apparently metallic electrical conductivities with, for example, σRT= 700 Ω–1 cm–1, increasing to a maximum of 800 Ω–1 cm–1 at 150 K before declining to 640 Ω–1 cm–1 at 4·2 K.


Objective To evaluate the clinical significance of the sypmptomatic carotid plaques by markers(PAPP-A,hs-CRP,MMP-2,MMP-9,IL-6,IL-8,TNF-α,CD40L) in serum and urine.Methods Forty nine patients were enrolled and proceeded carotid artery stenting(CAS),the level of markers before and after CAS were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Results Successful CAS achieved in all patients(100%).PAPP-A,hs-CRP and IL-6 were at high level before CAS,which increased after stenting and decreased after 30 days.Conclusion High level of some biomarkers indicates that inflammation caused by unstable carotid plaque plays an import role in the acute cerebral events.


The applications of Josephson junctions to the measurement of low-frequency magnetic fields and voltages are reviewed. The relevant ideas of flux quantization and Josephson tunneling are very briefly reviewed, and the various methods of making Josephson junctions mentioned. The two basic types of magnetic sensor, the dc superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) and the RF SQUID, are described in some detail. Their theory of operation, noise limitations, and application to practical devices are discussed. The resolution of SQUID's commonly used in an analog mode is 10-4to 10-3Φ 0 /√Hz, where Φ 0 is the flux quantum. The basic sensor may be used in conjunction with a flux transformer to measure magnetic fields (with a resolution of 10-14T/√Hz), magnetic-field gradients (with a resolution of 10-12T/m/√Hz), and magnetic susceptibilities. The SQUID may also be used as a voltmeter. The resolution is limited by the Johnson noise developed in the resistance of the low-temperature circuit, provided that this resistance is not too large: the upper limit in the liquid-He4temperature range appears to be a few tens of ohms.


around opposition by, for example, repurposing existing legislation to create the large MPA. These theoretical expectations are then explored through three cases: the Pacific Remote Islands Marine National monument in the United States, the Coral Sea Marine Park in Australia, and the Palau National Marine Sanctuary in Palau. These cases represent useful variation on the variables of interest (not to mention enviable choices for fieldwork). They have different domestic arrangements regarding extractive and non-extractive industries and other key stakeholders. They also importantly represent different state capacities to implement the large MPAs. Alger carefully process traces how these theoretical expectations unfold in each case, paying close attention to the details and mechanisms that tie his framework together. Individually, the framework's expectations and findings may not initially seem groundbreaking. We expect extractive industries to have more sway because they could threaten to fish in another country's waters and pay taxes to that country. Perhaps an interesting comparison could be drawn with mining companies, because their extractive activities are tied firmly to land, which reduces their mobility and threat of exit. This book's contribution lies in putting these theoretical expectations together into one framework and exploring how each operates in unique cases. It contributes to our understanding of ocean conservation and how to protect two-thirds of the planet more effectively, a vital issue that is sometimes overlooked amid the vast amount of work on climate change. The book also contributes to the study of environmental norms or even norms more broadly. It explores a new environmental norm from start to finish: its inception, diffusion, adoption, and localization. For this reason, it may be of interest to those interested in a range of environmental issues and in international relations more generally. It also adds to our understanding of norm localization by bringing the lens of political economy to explanations of why governments realize the same norm differently. With the book's focus on industrial interests, Alger explains why, ultimately, his analysis "speaks volumes about the hegemonic power of neoliberalism as a model for environmentalism that even a norm about closing off millions of square kilometers of ocean can be consistent with it" (p. 177). By exploring possible solutions to such larger questions, the conclusion is a valuable ending to the book, stepping back from the close theoretical and empirical work to consider the broader context. The equity pillar of sustainable development comes through most strongly in the conclusion and could be an interesting area for future work: On balance, how does norm localization affect or empower Indigenous Peoples or local communities? Alger briefly provides examples of how some large MPAs have included local communities, such as the Easter Island Marine Park in Chile and Tuvaijuttuq MPA in Canada's Arctic. Hewarns, however, that the largeMPA norm is not an equity norm that rectifies environmental injustices. What an environmentally just MPA might look like could help realize a vision of sustainable development for the ocean.


Objective:To optimize the therapeutic regimen by clinical pharmacist participating in the clinical therapeutic practices for a case of advanced breast with multiple metastases.Methods:Based on the disease progress,clinical pharmacist analyzed the characteristics of pathology and metastatic lesions,and the influence of adverse drug reaction and other factors,provided advices and consulted clinicians to develop personalized therapy.Results:Through the analysis of pathologic results of the patient with recurrent lesions,blind use of targeted drugs was avoided,and the cost of treatment was reduced;after the adjustment of analgesic drugs,and the use of bisphosphonate,the patient with severe pain was alleviated and relatively ideal effect of palliative care was achieved.Conclusion:Clinical pharmacists participated in the clinical treatment of patients with advanced breast cancer and multiple metastasis,contributing to develop individualized dosage regimen,and improve the patient's medication compliance and quality of life.


Purpose: To study the reproducibility of the reconstructed dose distributions from optical CT scanning of polymergel dosimeters with variation of time between irradiation and scanning using phantoms of the same and different geometry. Method and Materials: The commercial BANG®3 polymergels from the same batch were housed in cylindrical phantoms of 3 types: a) PET bottles of 15 cm diameter and 20 cm height; b) Barex cylinders of 17 cm diameter and 15 cm height; c) Acrylic cylinders of 25 cm diameter and 25 cm height. Four PET and Acrylic gel phantoms were irradiated with a 5 field IMRT and a 3DCRT once each. Six Barex cylinders were irradiated with the same IMRT and 3DCRT plans three times each. One additional Barex gel phantom was irradiated with a 6 cm × 6cm, 12 MeV electron field for calibration purpose. The gel phantoms were scanned using the OCTOPUS™ optical scanner one day after irradiation. One Barex phantom irradiated with IMRT fields was scanned 1 and 8 weeks later. All reconstructed images were calibrated using the dose response curve from the electron field irradiation. Root mean square of the pixel dose differences in a cylindrical region of 10 cm diameter and 10 cm height were compared for each pair of phantoms irradiated with the same plan. Results: The reconstructed dose distributions from scanning the same IMRTgel phantom 8 weeks apart change less than 1%. The root mean square dose difference among the 3 different kinds of phantoms irradiated with the IMRT and 3DCRT plans are all less than 3%. Conclusion: The optical CT‐based polymergeldosimetry is reproducible within the experimental uncertainty (3%) when different gel phantoms are irradiated and scanned at different time after irradiation. This work was supported by MGS research Inc. (Madison, CT; www.mgsresearch.com).


FIELD: medicine. SUBSTANCE: medicinal product containing an activated potentiated form of antibodies to an antigen involved into a disease process, is administered in a combination with an activated potentiated form of antibodies to endothelial NO-synthase. EFFECT: higher therapeutic effectiveness of the medicinal product ensured by the intensifying effect of the activated potentiated antibodies to endothelial NO-synthase. 10 cl, 26 tbl, 16 ex


Parrondo's paradox was introduced by Juan Parrondo in 1996. In game theory, this paradox is described as: A combination of losing strategies becomes a winning strategy. At first glance, this paradox is quite surprising, but we can easily explain it by using simulations and mathematical arguments. Indeed, we first consider some examples with the Parrondo's paradox and, using the software R, we simulate one of them, the coin tossing. Actually, we see that specific combinations of losing games become a winning game. Moreover, even a random combination of these two losing games leads to a winning game. Later, we introduce the major definitions and theorems over Markov chains to study our Parrondo's paradox applied to the coin tossing problem. In particular, we represent our Parrondo's game as a Markov chain and we find its stationary distribution. In that way, we exhibit that our combination of two losing games is truly a winning combination. We also deliberate possible applications of the paradox in some fields such as ecology, biology, finance or reliability theory.