CELL BIOLOGY
An important factor in the relative seriousness of cancer is the invasiveness of the constituent tumor cells causing metastasis. Eustace et al . used two independent in vitro proteomic screens on fibrosarcoma cells in an attempt to define cell surface proteins involved in cellular


Information about students' scientific creative thinking and scientific critical thinking skills is one of the important factorin order to ancillary students' learning achievement in the subjects of physics, including hydrostatic pressure. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify students' scientific creative thinking and scientific critical thinking skills profile through developing a diagnostic instrument test named Scientific Creative and Critical Thinking (SCCT) test in the open-ended questions form. The instrument SCCT-test consist of two scientific creative thinking test and three scientific critical thinking test related to hydrostatic pressure had been developed based on Scientific Structure Creativity Model (SSCM) and Assessment of Critical Thinking Ability (ACTA). In this paper,the instrument SCCT-test had been reconstructed three times on each times 10 eleventh grade students' responses and model answers that constructed based on rubrics at SSCM and ACTA. The last constructed SCCT-Test have made students reveal their ideas and their critical reasoning related to the problems.From this result, we can consider SCCT-Test can be used to diagnose students scientific creative thinking and scientific critical thinking simultantly related to hydrostatic pressure.


Objective— The Wnt/&bgr;-catenin signaling pathway has been implicated in human heart valve disease and is required for early heart valve formation in mouse and zebrafish. However, the specific functions of Wnt/&bgr;-catenin signaling activity in heart valve maturation and maintenance in adults have not been determined previously. Approach and Results— Here, we show that Wnt/&bgr;-catenin signaling inhibits Sox9 nuclear localization and proteoglycan expression in cultured chicken embryo aortic valves. Loss of &bgr;-catenin in vivo in mice, using Periostin(Postn)Cre–mediated tissue-restricted loss of &bgr;-catenin (Ctnnb1) in valvular interstitial cells, leads to the formation of aberrant chondrogenic nodules and induction of chondrogenic gene expression in adult aortic valves. These nodular cells strongly express nuclear Sox9 and Sox9 downstream chondrogenic extracellular matrix genes, including Aggrecan, Col2a1, and Col10a1. Excessive chondrogenic proteoglycan accumulation and disruption of stratified extracellular matrix maintenance in the aortic valve leaflets are characteristics of myxomatous valve disease. Both in vitro and in vivo data demonstrate that the loss of Wnt/&bgr;-catenin signaling leads to increased nuclear expression of Sox9 concomitant with induced expression of chondrogenic extracellular matrix proteins. Conclusions— &bgr;-Catenin limits Sox9 nuclear localization and inhibits chondrogenic differentiation during valve development and in adult aortic valve homeostasis.


The Authors present the «facies chimica» of two important kinds of Trentino mineral waters, born from two similar but not identical rocky matrices, springing in the resort of Vetriolo, municipality of Levico Terme. The most famous one, callet «Strong Water» is acid due to free sulphuric acid, the other one, called «Wead Water», is a hydrocarbonate water. However, the two waters have similar qualitative composition but not equal quantitative composition. Mixing the two waters could be useful but not easy from a chemical pont of view. This paper describes the research done to establish the conditions and relative concentrations which consent a mixing compatibility


Discussed in this paper is the bending moment supporting mechanism of laminated rubber bearings with a hollow circular section. The flexure stiffness of the hollow circular rubber bearing is analytically studied. The followings are the key issues discussed in this paper. (1) Derivation of the general governing equation that determines the distribution of pressure inside of the laminated rubber material. (2) Evaluation of the effect of bulk modulus on the bending stiffness. (3) Proposition of a simple formula that is close to the rigorous solution. (4) Discussion of the performance of hollow circular sections based on the analytical solutions.


Micro-blog marketing has become the marketing of a new way since the domestic first microblog sites appeared in 2007. 2012 is the year of the rapid development of China's micro-blog, micro-blog total number of users in China is gradually approaching the number of Internet users, user scale has been basically stable and mature, more and more companies using micro-blog platform to carry out marketing activities, marketing micro-blog reflects good development prospects. Reviews of the development of microblog, analyzes the present enterprise micro-blog marketing limitations, uses the case study of enterprise marketing strategy to promote the micro-blog marketing development, and has important application value and practical significance.


Any business can use blockchain technology to facilitate, authorize and record the exchange of value such as a service, merchandise, currency or information. The features of blockchain portrays that Governments, corporations, banks and pretty much any business can use (and are using) blockchain for financial transactions and record keeping. Blockchain can affect digital marketing in numerous methods. The key benefits of blockchain for businesses are Data Protection, Al Data Verification and Immutability, Elimination of the Need for Middlemen in Marketing, Promoting Ad Specificity, Improving the Quality of Digital Influencers and Acting as a Good PR Strategy for Your Brand. The impact of blockchain technology in digital marketing is making new revolution to the relationship between consumers and businesses.


A measurement system is described which can measure the contraction time of the forearm muscles. During muscle contraction, the circumference of the forearm increases as a function of the force applied. As sensor for measuring that minor expansion, a cuff as compressible volume, is placed around the arm. Compression of the cuff volume increases the pressure; that pressure measures the muscle contraction. In this way, for example, the latency time or the contraction time of the electrically stimulated muscle can be measured by a non-electrical signal. The results can be used for medical diagnostics or fundamental physiological examination. First tests showed that latency and contraction time can be determined with sufficient accuracy for fundamental studies.


Cultures of blood from a hemodialysis line repeatedly yielded a gram-positive rod. The organism was identified as Tsukamurella tyrosinosolvens by 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing, and the patient was treated successfully by removal of the line.


In order to better study the actual state and the developing trend of application of the different prediction methods in the production safety field,on the basis of plentiful articles about production safety(published in current major safety magazines),the use frequency and scope of six quantitative prediction methods were counted.Application characteristics and effectiveness of prediction methods were analyzed.The application values and prospects of the prediction methods in current production safety were explored.Results show that effective choice of prediction methods can improve accident prediction efficiency in the field of production safety.There is no invariable prediction method that is forever effective and the choice of prediction method should be adjusted to different departments and scenes.The flexible uses of various models or even combinations of prediction methods not only can avoid shortness of a single prediction method,but also can improve the prediction accuracy.


Experiments performed on seasonal collections of the pisidiids Sphaerium occidentale and Musculium securis from a temporary pond suggest that respiratory adaptations are related to the specific life histories of the two species. Sphaerium occidentale lives up to 3 yr and all age classes aestivate during dry periods, while M. securis lives for about 1 yr and only newborn aestivate. Both species are iteroparous and reproduce primarily in late spring and early summer. Oxygen uptake rates at field temperature and Q10 values are low in both species during hibernation and aestivation, indicating respiratory stability and energy conservation. These rates and respiratory coefficients peak in spring during maximal growth and reproduction. Respiration in M. securis is more independent of temperature than in S. occidentale, reflecting the requirement of the former to complete growth and reproduction more quickly. Both animals show temperature acclimation patterns permitting early activity in spring and, thus, a more...


This paper studies robot manipulation skill acquisition based on a proposed reinforcement learning framework. Robot can learn policy autonomously by interacting with environment with a better learning efficiency. Aiming at the manipulator operation task, a reward function design method based on objects configuration matching (OCM) is proposed. It is simple and suitable for most Pick and Place skills learning. Integrating robot and object state, high-level action set and the designed reward function, the Markov model of robot manipulator is built. An improved Proximal Policy Optimize algorithm with manipulation set as the output of Actor (MAPPO) is proposed as the main structure to construct the robot reinforcement learning framework. The framework combines with the Markov model to learn and optimize the skill policy. A same simulation environment as the real robot is set up, and three robot manipulation tasks are designed to verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the reinforcement learning framework for skill acquisition.


In clinical trials, data that are consistent with a normal distribution are often regarded as candidat es for primary evaluation variables. In such cases, t-test s are frequently used to compare different groups o f data. However, the repeated use of t-tests leads to probl ems with multiplicity. This study proposes three ne w indexes that are based on (Kawasaki and Miyaoka, 2012; 2013). These indexes can be used to evaluate th e superiority, non-inferiority and equivalency of pop ulation means for normal distributions. These new indexes are constructed based on the Bayesian frame work and can be used to prevent multiplicity issues . We apply these three new indexes to actual data in order to demonstrate their usefulness.


We consider the quantum computation efficiency from a new perspective. The efficiency is reduced to its classical counterpart by imposing the semiclassical limit. We show that this reduction is caused by the fact that any elementary quantum logic operation (gate) suffers the information loss during the transition to its classical analog. Amount of the information lost is estimated for any gate from the complete set. We demonstrate that the largest loss is obtained for non-commuting gates. This allows us to consider the non-commutativity as the quantum computational speed-up resource. Our method allows us to quantify advantages of a quantum computation as compared to the classical one by the direct analysis of the involved basic logic. The obtained results are illustrated by the application to a quantum discrete Fourier transform and Grover search algorithms.


Abstract There is overwhelming evidence that people will adapt to an increase in perceived risk by taking more care, and to a reduction in perceived risk by taking less care (behavioural feedback). This can reduce the effects of some safety measures and even, in some cases, produce the opposite effect to that which was intended or expected. Any safety programme should take account of this by seeking to minimize any change in perceived risk while maximizing the change in objective risk. It is, for example, probably counterproductive to 'oversell' the potential benefits of any safety measure.


The "Orthodox revival," the "second Christianization" of post-Soviet Russia, and other cliches in our media require empirical verification, of course. The findings of representative surveys regularly conducted by VTsIOM [the Russian Center for Public Opinion Research] since 1989 enable us to analyze the quantitative aspect of the problem (fluctuation in the number of believers over several years, frequency of church attendance, observance of basic rituals), as well as to trace the connection between Russians' stated religious beliefs, on the one hand, and their value orientations on other levels (ethnic stereotypes, ideas about the past, political attitudes), on the other. At issue is the Russian Orthodox Church (ROC): the number of believers in the regular VTsIOM surveys who belong to other Christian denominations and to non-Christian faiths falls within the limits of statistical reliability, that is, statistically permissible error; Islam has the highest number of believers (about 4 percent), while the ...


The brazilian authoritarian regime did not survive the third wave of democratization that brought democracy as a real possibility. Thus, the civil-military dictatorship, although havinglegal provisions forrepressing those who could rise up against the regime, especially in the "Years of Lead", had a wide range of social movements and organizations that have made them strong opposition. This article seeks to analyze empirically, through qualitative data, how women placed themselves in the public arena during the Brazilian democratic transition from a feminist approach, between 1975 and 1988


The ontology learning from text cycle consists of the consecutive phases of term, synonym, concept, taxonomy and relation extraction. The paper touches the problems of a low efficiency in the current term extraction methods which are handled by a combination of statistic (frequency-based) and linguistic approaches. We present a novel method to extract terms that uses only shallow linguistic information. It is proposed to explore a different set of linguistic layers and support a classic POS n-gram model with additional context information based on proximity window features. The method is evaluated on two substantially different corpora to produce better results than the classic measures, including standard n-gram models and frequency-based approaches.


Although there is discussion of gender equality in science and experimental tasks, it might be different in a non-traditional learning environment, such in an inquiry-based learning arrangement. It's structure of this teaching method differs from a traditional lesson in that they are perceived as more flexible and have a product as an outcome. The influence of gender, children's preference in using, and the level of use of digital technology on the outcome will to be analysed in this alternative learning arrangement. 101 primary school children were taught in an inquiry-based learning setting using digital tools to solve an architectural problem. During the experimental phase, the created product was tested in an experiment. The question is whether gender, pupil's general purpose in using and frequency of technology has an impact on this lesson's outcome. There was no significant correlation between gender and a successful outcome, but there was a correlation between frequent use of digital tools and a successful achievement in the lesson. There was no significant relationship between gender and the different uses to which technology was put, nor between pupils' purpose in using it and a successful final outcome in the experiment in an inquiry learning setting. This means that inquiry-based learning, even in a science-based lesson, is suitable for boys and girls equally and frequent use of technology is linked to improved student achievement.


For a motive simulation table servo control system with discrete controller, robust stability and intersample information are the two main difficulties to deal with. We adopt a mixed sensitivity design method to solve the robust stability problem and by using sampled data control theory we can avoid losing the intersample behavior of the system. Firstly, we convert the control problems of motive simulation table into the design problems of the standard sampled-data control system, and define the sensitivity function and the complementary sensitivity function. Secondly, keeping in mind the special characteristics of the motive simulation tables, we derive the formula of the relationship between the weighted functions and the dynamic index of the system. Thirdly, after lifting the standard sampled-data control system, we apply the H/sub /spl infin// norm and the stability equivalent theory to design a discrete controller. At the end, we give a design example. The simulation results prove that this design method is effective.


In order to further expand and enhance the level of applications of satellite navigation, three new systems are proposed on the basis of successful application of existing satellite navigation systems: a two-way satellite communication and navigation system which is based on a two-way satellite communication transmission link, a satellite-assisted ground mobile communication and navigation system and an air–ground communication cooperation multi-system multi-mode positioning system. Key technologies for achieving breakthroughs and implementation of the three new systems are also described, including deep integration of navigation signals and communication signals, a compared measurement technique, and our method to improve constellation GDOP. Some applications of these new systems, in the fields of high-precision measurement, emergency rescue and equipment real-time monitoring, are introduced.


The present study is focused on the comprehensive gas phase electronic structure characterization of 2,8-bis(diphenylphosphoryl)-dibenzo[b,d]thiophene (PPT), a promising ambipolar phosphorescent ho...


The low fiber digestibility and unbalanced amino acids restricted the use of DDGS in swine diets. Key nutrition components dynamic monitoring and key regulatory pathways analysis were performed to find the rules of nutrition changes for DDGS fermented by Aspergillus niger. Cellulose and hemicellulose were reduced to 15.3% and 15.2%. 1,4-D-Xylobiose was decreased from 16.8 μg/mL to 0.2 μg/mL. Lys, Arg, and Thr were increased to 3.00%, 2.89%, and 4.40%, and met the requirements of pigs. The whole fermentation process was divided into three stages. Cellulose degradation and Lys and Arg synthesis occurred in the early stage, while Asp synthesis occurred in the last stage. α-Ketoglutarate was the key factor for Aspergillus niger degrading cellulose to synthesize Lys and Arg. The key active metabolic pathways that respond to the changes in nutrition were identified which preliminarily revealed the rules of nutrition adjustment of DDGS during fermentation with Aspergillus niger.


Aberrant microRNA-449a (miR-449a-5p) expression has been demonstrated to be associated with the development of various cancer types. However, the effect of miR-449a-5p on esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cell proliferation remains unknown. The present study aimed to determine whether miR-449a-5p may regulate ESCC cell proliferation via negative regulation of cyclin D1. Reverse transcription quantitative-polymerase chain reaction was used to measure the expression of miR-449a-5p in ESCC tissues and cells. Western blot was performed to analyze the protein level of cyclin D1. The proliferation of ESCC cells was determined by MTT and clone formation assay. Paired ESCC and adjacent normal esophageal squamous tissues were collected from patients with ESCC. It was demonstrated that miR-449a-5p expression was reduced, whereas cyclin D1 expression was increased in ESCC tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues. Proliferation was investigated in vivo using the ESCC cell line Eca-190. miR-449a-5p inhibitor transfection facilitated the proliferation of Eca-109 cells. By contrast, transfection with miR-449a-5p mimics inhibited Eca-109 cell proliferation. Furthermore, it was confirmed that miR-449a-5p directly bound to the 3′-untranslated region of cyclin D1. Transfection with cyclin D1 small interfering RNA reversed the effects of the miR-449a-5p inhibitor on Eca-109 cell proliferation. In conclusion, miR-449a-5p may control ESCC proliferation through the negative regulation of cyclin D1 expression.


Patients and Methods: A crosssectional study was conducted between March and November 2015 to determine the AMR profile and virulence genes associated with Listeria monocytogenes from beef sold in Zaria. A total of 240 raw beef samples were collected from beef retailers in Zaria city, Tudun-Wada, Danmagaji, Sabon Gari, Kwangila, and Samaru. The samples were transported to the Veterinary Public Health laboratory, ABU, Zaria, for processing. The isolates were further identified as Listeria species by biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by disc diffusion method. Multiplex PCR was used to identify the virulence genes associated with Listeria monocytogenes. The data were analysed using SPSS V23.0 and Microsoft Excel version 2019 for Windows 10. Odd ratio and 95% CI were determined. Value of P< 0.05 was considered significant.


Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) need to "see and be seen" by manned aircraft for their safe operation. For this purpose, using available Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) for all UAVs will not only saturate the 1090 MHz spectrum but will require an extra hardware. To mitigate these issues, we propose a ground based sense and avoid (GBSAA) system to enable coexistence of low altitude UAVs and ADS-B enabled flying vehicles (FVs), i.e., manned aircraft, for avoiding collisions. UAVs transmit their location information via a cellular technology to cloud, and a GBSAA base station accesses the aggregated information to send it to the ADS-B enabled FVs via ADS-B technology. We performed analytical and simulation studies to investigate the ADS-B message collision probability for different network parameters such as number of UAVs and ADS-B enabled FVs. Our study shows that for a collision probability of 0.1 with the lowest ADS-B update interval, GBSAA system can support approximately 10 times more UAVs than ADS-B only system. The proposed GBSAA approach provides a tremendous potential to integrate UAVs into airspace in a scalable manner.


This paper presents a simple approach to invert the matrix P n + I n by applying the Euler polynomials and Bernoulli numbers,
where P n is the Pascal matrix.


Cognitive Radio (CR) technology [1] is a prominent solution to resolve the problem of spectrum underutilization in licensed spectrum bands. The regulatory agencies are allowing Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA) techniques to overcome this issue. These techniques are providing access to the Secondary User (SU) in the unused licensed bands without creating interference to Primary Users (PUs) [2]. The SU requires a reliable sensing technique to identify the unused spectrum holes in the licensed bands. The sensing techniques are not only minimizing interferences with PU transmission and also finding reliable information about the unused licensed bands in the wireless communication systems. The selection of spectrum sensing technique depends on the speed and reliability of PU signal identification. Matched filter detection, cyclostationary feature detection [3], energy detection [4], etc. are existing sensing techniques in the cognitive radio network (CRN).


The present invention discloses a method of reading a flash memory data stored method, comprising: controlling the flash memory to execute the plurality of memory cells each memory multiple read operations to the flash memory in unit; read respectively from a plurality of memory cells of the plurality of bit sequences, wherein the multiple read operations read out from each memory cell of the plurality of memory cells with different control gate having a predetermined voltage setting a plurality of bit bit sequence as a sequence of the plurality of bit sequences; and a digital distribution characteristic based on the plurality of binary bit sequence to determine a reading out the information of the plurality of memory cells. Distribution characteristic bit sequence of binary digits read out by the memory cell of the present invention with reference to a flash memory, the flash memory read data stored in the memory controller and method is not affected by the threshold distribution transformer can be accurately obtain the stored information.


In 3 cases with a scalp defect after infection , we performed scalp expansion with a tissue expander , and this technique yielded good results . The technique and cases are reported . We believe that the tissue expansion technique is a useful procedure to reconstruct defects resulting from neurosurgical operations . Close attention should be paid to all indications because of this procedures limitations as to the defects size and location on the sca1P .


In high-energy linear colliders, the low-emittance beam from a damping ring has to be preserved all the way to the linear accelerator (LINAC), in the LINAC and to the interaction point. In particular, the ring-to-LINAC (RTL) section of the SLAC Linear Collider (SLC) should provide an exact betatron and dispersion match from the damping ring to the LINAC. A beam with a nonzero dispersion shows up immediately as an increased emittance, while with a betatron mismatch the beam forms filaments in the LINAC. Experimental tests and tuning procedures have shown that the linearized beta matching algorithms are insufficient if the actual transport line has some unknown errors not included in the model. Also, adjusting quadrupole strengths steers the beam if it is offset in the quadrupole magnets. These and other effects have led to a lengthy tuning process, which in the end improves the matching, but is not optimal. Different ideas are discussed to improve this matching procedure and make it a more reliable, faster, and simpler process.<<ETX>>


Most action research processes aim to improve living conditions, assist in the development of more effective policies or create spaces for mobilization. The outputs of such research tend to be well documented, but less attention has been given to how spaces for action research are formed. This article uses a narrative autobiographical approach to analyse the initial phase of a collaborative action research process with informal settlement groups and their support organizations in Malawi. It discusses how the research topic emerged, the process of identifying entry points, and how negotiations among participants, partners, researchers and institutions at different levels co-produced the action research space. The article concludes that interrogating the multiple beginnings of an action research project can make visible situated knowledges and power relations that influence a research process. A challenge is how to make this interrogation a collaborative exercise that captures the multiple positionalities and perspectives of partners and participants.


Although atrial fibrillation (AF) frequently coexists with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), few data are available evaluating AF‐specific care patterns and post‐discharge outcomes in patients hospitalized for HFpEF. We evaluated AF‐specific medical therapies and post‐discharge outcomes among patients hospitalized for heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF) or HFpEF by AF history.


Several studies have focused on adult children's successes and problems and implications for their own well-being, but few studies have paid attention to their implications for adult children's health outcomes. In the present study, we tested the links between perceptions of successes, problems, and their own health outcomes, as well as the mediating role of perceptions of parents' feelings and intergenerational relationships. Adult children (n = 314; age 18–59) completed surveys on perceptions of successes (compared with counterparts, speculated how parents rate their successes, and compared with same-gender parent); problems (self's, father's, and mother's); parents' feelings (positive and negative); intergenerational relationships (intergenerational ambivalence and instrumental solidarity); and health outcomes [subjective well-being (SWB), psychological distress (PD), and self-rated health (SRH)]. Path analysis was conducted, a bootstrapped test was used. Results showed that perceptions of successes compared with counterparts were positively correlated with SWB and SRH; perceptions of successes compared with counterparts and perceptions of successes compared with same-gender parent were positively correlated with SWB and SRH via parents' positive feelings; perceptions of successes that speculated how parents rate their successes and perceptions of successes compared with same-gender parent were negatively correlated with PD via parents' negative feelings. Self's problems were negatively correlated with SWB via direct ambivalence (DA), and were positively correlated with PD via parents' negative feelings and DA, while mother's problems were positively correlated with PD via parents' negative feelings. There were no significant correlations between father's problems and adult children's health outcomes. This study underscores the importance of considering perceptions of parents' feelings and DA in understanding the mechanisms of an individual's mental health in family systems. This study sheds lights on considering an individual's health in family systems and cultural contexts.


- Erythrocytes containing diamagnetic hemoglobin were magnetically filtered from diluted whole blood via a new mechanism involving cellular magnetization through surface binding of soluble paramagnetic lanthanide chelates. Filtration efficiencies for diluents containing 40mM concentrations of erbium or dysprosium chelates are compared to those obtained by paramagnetization of internal erythrocytic hemoglobin and shown to be significantly greater, for equivalent non-saturated filtration conditions. As a consequence, useful fil- tration


Recent experimental observations of (H2O)3 , (H2O) + 3 Ar, H (H2O)3, and H(H2O)3Ar clusters in the region 14003800 cm−1show that the OH stretching vibration has distinct characteristics.abc Multidimensional normal mode calculations were carried out for OH stretching vibrations in the 1200-4000 cm−1photon energy range. The potential energy and dipole surfaces were evaluated by using first-principles methods. By comparing the calculated frequencies and intensities of OH stretching vibration with experimental spectra, we found that the assignment of OH strecthing of H3O moiety and free OH strectching vibration have resonable agreement with experimental data.


At middle of the North Qilianshan Mountains there is the Tuoleshan ore belt in which Au-Sb poly-metallic ore deposits occur.Petrochemistry shows that gold is highest in quartz vein,then quartz-carbonate rock,biotite-muscovite quartz schist,basalt,peridotite,siliceous dolomite and myllonite etc.Concentration of gold is closely related to altered cataclastic rock zone.Lithology and sub-fractures play important role in enrichment of Au and ore elements.Soil geochemical survey shows 6 anomlies and Au,Cu,As,Sb element anomlies are well coincided.Peak value of each elements of altered,mineralized siliceous dolomite is higher than other lithologies and Au,As,Sb highly correlated.Geologically,the regional poly-metallic mineralization is related to strata and fractures and volcanism and volcanic rocks play important role in mineralization.In the survey area some localities possess such conditions with well revealed ore indication.In the favorable mineralization localities,especially contact zone of deep intrusive bodies are the key of metallogeny and prospecting breakthrough.


ABSTRACT Considering that plant phenology studies allow establishing relationships between phenological patterns of vegetation and changes caused by climate variability, the aim of this study was to obtain phenological metrics for the predominant grassland typologies in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil (latitudes 27º 05' and 33º 45' S and longitudes 49° 43' and 57º 39' W) and to evaluate the spatial-temporal distribution pattern of these metrics under the influence of the subtropical climate variability. The phenological metrics were obtained based on the time series of the EVI (Enhanced Vegetation Index), of the sensor MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer), for the period from 2001 to 2014, through the Timesat program. Eleven phenological metrics were extracted, identifying the presence of two spatial distribution patterns of grass-dominated typologies in the Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil, one located in the south-central region and the other located in the northeast, along the coast and in the western portion of the state. In addition, it was also observed that the phenological pattern of the grassland vegetation of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, is controlled by the seasonality of vegetation, mainly associated with the variations in air temperature.


This is a informal report of the on-going project about the Deligne-Langlands type classication of type 1 representation of Hecke algebras with unequal parameters. We introduce an exotic version of nilpotent cone for symplectic groups. It enables us to realize Hecke algebras with unequal parameters by means of equivariant K-groups.


The decoherence mechanism of a single atom inside a high-Q cavity is studied, and the results are compared with experimental observations reported by M. Brune et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 1800 (1996)]. Collision dephasing and cavity leakage are considered as the major sources giving rise to the decoherence effect. In particular, we show that the experimental data can be fitted very well by assuming suitable values of the collision Stark shifts and dark count rate in the detector.


Methyl-Scoenzyme-M Methylreductase and Factor 430 A. Methyl-Scoenzyme-M Methylreductase B. Isolated F430 Structural and Functional Models for Factor 430 A. Structural and Electrochemical Investigations of Nickel Tetrapyrroles i. Redox Studies ii. Structural and Conformational Studies B. C-S and C-X (X = Halide) Bond Cleavage by Nickel Complexes Carbon Monoxide Dehydrogenase A. Introduction B. Acetykoenzyme A Synthesis and Center A C, Carbon Monoxide Oxidation and Center C Model Systems for Carbon Monoxide Dehydrogenase A. Mixed NilFelS Clusters and Related Species B. Redox Reactions of Nickel Complexes with CO and COZ C. Thioester Formation Mediated by Nickel Centers Hydrogenase A. Introduction B. Redox Chemistry of [NiFe] Hydrogenases C. Structural Properties of [NiFe] Hydrogenases D. The Mechanism of H2 Oxidation and H + O


The objective of the current study was to estimate whether fetal age could be accurately estimated using trans-rectal and trans-abdominal ultrasonographic measurements for placentomes diameter and Bi-parietal diameter. This experiment was carried out in the College of Veterinary Medicine in Diyala University. Twelve Multiparous cows (4-7 years old) were inseminated artificially and Serial transrectal and trans-abdominal ultrasonic examinations were done during the 7 – 13 week and during 10 -26th week of gestation, respectively. Using 5-7.5 MHz linear array transducer and also 3.5-5MHz convex transducer. Possible discrimination of placentomes and Bi-parietal diameter for the first time at the fifth and ninth week of gestation, respectively. The mean values for placentomes diameter were 7.5mm and 69 mm during 7 and 26 weeks of pregnancy, respectively, as well the placentome increased in diameter an average of 3.0028 mm per week. Besides that, the mean Bi-parietal diameter was 17.5mm and 33mm during 9 and 13 week of pregnancy, respectively. The Bi-parietal diameter was increased linearly an average of 3.620 mm per week. The obtained results revealed that using Trans-rectal ultrasonic during 3rd month of gestation to observed pregnancy and fetal organs as well as fetal viability with fast and easy during mid-gestation onward High correlations were found between different studied parameters and gestational age with high significant for both which were (R=0.97**; P<0.01) and(R=0.95**; P<0.01) for placentomes diameter and Bi-parietal diameter respectively. In conclusion, the trans-abdominal ultrasonography it reliable technique for determining pregnancy and the best window for fetal viability during third month of gestation until term and a strong positive with a high significant correlation of coefficient between gestational periods and placentomes diameter, fetal bi-pareital diameter in cows and relatively the highest correlation was also evident in placenttomes diameter, moreover, this study prove that widely restricted factors of ultrasound are that its efficient, is always depending on skill of the operator


Argues that, in today's business climate, three levels of leadership are now emerging which replace single leaders, they are: team leaders — responsible for between 8 and 12 people; operational leaders — responsible for a sizeable area of the business; and strategic leaders — responsible for the whole organization. States that leaders cannot avoid being some kind of example but it is up to the individual's discretion whether it is a good or a bad example.


Popular music and masculinity have rarely been examined through the lens of research into monstrosity. The discourses associated with rock and pop, however, actually include more 'monsters' than might at first be imagined. Attention to such individuals and cultures can say things about the operation of genre and gender, myth and meaning. Indeed, monstrosity has recently become a growing focus of cultural theory. This is in part because monsters raise shared concerns about transgression, subjectivity, agency, and community. Attention to monstrosity evokes both the spectre of projection (which leads to issues of familial trauma and psychoanalysis) and shared anxieties (that in turn reflect deeply held ideologies and beliefs). By pursuing a series of insightful case studies, Scary Monsters considers different aspects of the connection between the music, gender and monstrosity. Its argument is that attention to monstrosity provides a unique perspective on the study of masculinity in popular music culture.


This paper provides a completely new technique of prototyping processing——the technique of 3D laser inner cut. When the laser passes through and focuses at a point within a transparent material, with the scanning of the laser's focus point, guided by the CNC system, it can cut within the transparent material until the model comes off from the original material. This makes the 3D inner cutting without tool possible, and greatly improves the present rapid prototyping processing techniques by avoiding many disadvantages. This technique can be used in micro processing, archeology, part prototyping processing. It has a good application prospect.


extracts showed thepresenceofa neutral lipid thatdidnotcontain cholesterol. Thismaterial, possibly a glycolipid, mightplay a role inthestabilization ofthe enzymatically active protomer. Theisoelectric point oftheesterase was 9.1. Cholesteryl esterase was labile andlost itsactivity easily. Itcould bindreversiblytoagarose-containing gels. After elution, itwas enzymatically inactive, with an isoelectric point ofless than6.2. TheW46MmutantoftheWood46strain, whichdoesnotproduce alpha toxin, also doesnotproduce cholesterol esterase.


The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between basic sanitation facilities and personal hygiene with the incidence of diarrhea in breastfeeding infants in Sinabung post-eruption settlement, Berastagi District, Karo Regency in 2021. This study was a quantitative study with a Cross Sectional Study design. Data analysis using chi-square test with a sample of 100 mothers who have toddlers aged 6-24 months. The results showed that the related variables were basic sanitation facilities (p=0.014) and hand hygiene (p=0.020) with the incidence of diarrhea in breastfeeding infants. Suggestions for this study to health workers are expected to carry out health promotion and education about basic sanitation and personal hygiene to mothers whose toddlers do not experience diarrhea to prevent an increase in cases of diarrhea and to provide treatment and education to mothers whose toddlers experience diarrhea so as not to occurrence of complications or severity of diarrhea to prevent death.


pyruvate. Thus, it has been investigated how monofluoroacetate, a potent inhibitor of the TCA cycle, influences the terpenoid biosyn thesis. The present communication describes the effect of monofluoroacetate on pyruvate-314C and glucose-U-14C incorporation into ipo meamarone, and a possible mechanism of its action is discussed. The spore suspension of C. fimbriata was inoculated on the cut surfaces of sweet potato root tissues (Ipomoea batatas, variety, Norin No. 1) as described previously.3) After the incubation, disks of sweet potato root tissue


Bishomoisomandapamate, a bishomologue of isomandapamate, has been isolated from a new species of Sinularia genus of the Indian Ocean and its structure elucidated.


We propose a content-based 3D mosaic (CB3M) representation for long video sequences of 3D and dynamic scenes captured by a camera on a mobile platform. After a set of parallel-perspective (pushbroom) mosaics with varying viewing directions is generated, a multi-view, segmentation-based stereo matching algorithm is applied to extract parametric representations of the color, structure and motion of the dynamic and/or 3D objects in urban scenes. We use the fact that all the static objects obey the epipolar geometry of pushbroom stereo, whereas an independent moving object either violates the epipolar geometry if the motion is not in the direction of sensor motion or exhibits unusual 3D structures. The CB3M is a highly compressed visual representation for a very long video sequence of a dynamic 3D scene. More importantly, the CB3M representation has object contents of both 3D and motion. Experimental results are given for the CB3M construction for both simulated and real video sequences.


In connection with studies on characterization of natural hatching-stimulants of soybean cyst nematode eggs, several fatty acids were isolated newly from the roots of kidney bean and identified as 4-hydroxy-1,12-dodecanedioic acid γ-lactone, 9,10,13-trihydroxy-11-and 15-octadecenoic acids, and 9,10,13-trihydroxy-11,15-octadecadienoic acid.


Objective:To evaluate L value (volume of pharyngeal cavity/the area of transverse section of the 6th cervical vertebrae) and to see if it can be used as a diagnostic criterion of SAS.Methods:The volume of pharyngeal cavity and the area of transverse section of the 6th cervical vertebrae of both healthy people and patients with SAS are measured using spiral computerized tomography.The data are analyzed statistically.Results:L values of healthy people and that of patients with SAS are significantly different.L value and AHI index are in positive correction.Conclusions:L value can be used as a good diagnostic criterion of SAS.It is characterized by quickness, simplicity and accuracy.


Reflection of pressure shock waves on a flat surface can lead to a 3-shock reflection pattern, called Mach reflection, with reference to Ernst Mach, who provided evidence for this non-linear interaction [1]. This phenomenon has been widely studied in cases of supersonic jets and high-amplitude pressure generated by moving supersonic bodies or blast waves. In the case of weak shocks (Mach number < 1.3), 3-shock(s) reflection patterns are also observed, and in particular in the case of acoustic shock waves. If the irregular reflection of shocks on a flat surface is well known, the effects of roughness have been much less studied. In this work we performed numerical simulation of shock propagation over periodic and random surfaces and compared results to experiments. Numerical simulations are based on the temporal integration of axi-symmetric curvilinear Euler equations. Simulations are compared to Schlieren visualizations of the reflection of spark generated N-waves over sandpaper. The results show that near a rough surface, the pressure level is higher than in the case of a flat surface and the pressure decrease above the surface is also changed. The method will also be applied at larger scales, for example for sonic boom or blast waves reflection over the ground.


SUMMARY The severity of the trypanosomiasis problem in a particular location is traditionally assessed in terms of a challenge index – the product of some measure of tsetse abundance and infection rate – which is assumed to be proportional to the force of infection. However, this index masks variation in the force of infection between herds and among individuals within herds. It is also not comparable between sites since the relative abundance of tsetse to hosts may vary. We have studied spatial distribution of herds of cattle in relation to tsetse in The Gambia and calculated an index of challenge based on the ratio of vectors to hosts over the livestock ranging area. This index is strongly correlated with estimates of the force of infection calculated from the incidence of infection in susceptible zebu; and it provides information on heterogeneity in exposure of different herds to tsetse.


For the purpose of achieving accurate gas concentration prediction, and effectively preventing the occurrence of the coal mine gas accidents, a model of selective ensemble learning based on Yager norm is studied in this research, on the basis of parametric fuzzy logic operation model, via forward sequential selection strategy. Such models as Autoregressive model, BP neural network, radial basis function neural network, extreme learning machine, and regression support vector machine forecasting model are used as the base learner, with the deviation rate as evaluation index. And autoregressive model and BP neural network selected via forward sequential selection policy are used to forecast integrally. Experiment results show that compared to single forecasting model, the newly proposed selective ensemble model has achieved the lowest errors, in terms of the quadratic sum errors, mean absolute errors, mean square errors, mean absolute percentage errors, and mean square percentage error evaluation. This indicates that it can effectively improve the forecasting accuracy in the gas concentration forecasting, and the model has possessed greater generalization ability.


Insufficient removal of dysfunctional mitochondria, due to a defective mitophagy pathway, leads to increased ROS, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation which triggers the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative diseases. HIV‐1‐associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) is a common disease with variable reported prevalence in different populations (20– 69%). We investigated how exosomes from latent‐HIV‐1 infected cells impaired mitophagy flux in the human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMVEC).


Mass customization is a kind of new mode of production, which is facing the global society. The emergence of mass customization will influence the core of the competition's ability within the enterprise and the development for the whole industry. In the paper, it analyses the influences of industrial competitiveness under mass customization. This is taking into account of the evolutional law of production mode and the theories of industrial competitiveness.


This research is descriptive research and research of eksplanatif because to characteristic of variable and relation between variable. Evaluated from investigation type, this research is causality research with purpose to analyse causality between variable Population of this research is farmer of tobacco in District Of Gantiwarno Sub-Province of Klaten. Sample taken by using technique of purposive sampling which have type of quota sampling, from result of calculation obtained sample counted 100 responder. This Research variable consist of independent variable that is economic environment; physical environment; individual characteristic; and enterpreneurship. While dependent variable is farmer performance. Data collecting obtained to answer of quisioner of responder as report documentation and sample and publication of relevant institute. Technique analyse data use Factor analysis, model Path Analyse, and model Analyse Regression. Result of research can be concluded that environmental Pattern influence of economics, environmental of physical, individual aspect and also enterpreneurship to performance of tobacco farmer, will be more benefit if relying on model analyse Regression  have Pennant, and also the existence of influence of Behavioral variable moderating of enterpreneurship. Bravery farmer of tobacco in setting mind on to account failure risk in finding technical and new modern technology moderating by individual behavior. Beneficial and Correct policy in fixed price, very influenced by condition of economics, amenity get capital or fund, emulation of effort which is healthy to be, supported by policy of duty, nicotine, and tar, and also industrial support of cigarette. Keywords: environmental economics, environmental physical, individual aspect, enterpreneurship farmer performance


The present work was conducted to investigate the prevalence of clinical biomicroscopy and retinoscopy findings of corneas with keratoconus (KC) at first presentation and their relationship with disease severity.


Many countries have committed, as per Paris Agreement earlier and reindorsed during COP26, for zero CO2 emission within next thirty to forty years, i.e., by 2050–2060. All efforts made so far within cement industry to reduce CO2 emissions from AFR (alternative fuel and raw materials) would lower CO2 emissions by about 30%. The use of calcined clay (by turning natural clay soils into synthetic pozzolanic materials) may lead to another 40% reductions in CO2 emissions by replacing up to 40% clinker in the cement mix. However, further efforts with new technologies are required to meet the future expectations of the cement plants which may need to run on non-fossil fuels with CCUS (Carbon Capture Usage/Storage) capabilities. R&D exercises have already been started to prepare existing and/or future cement plants with net zero 'Carbon' emissions. The main technical challenges relate to the effective use of several thermal inputs from a matrix of energy resources, including H2, plasma, microwave, biomass and oxygen/ CO2 enrichment through recycling of combustion products. The oxygen enrichment, which substitutes the entire air 'nitrogen' in the combustion/cooling air, and the minimization of air-in-leakage - so that a CO2 enrichment in excess of 95% is assured. This requires minor modifications to almost all the components of a cement plant, including the clinker cooler, kiln and kiln burner, calciner and cyclones, is necessitated. The most critical issue is the inhibition of the calcination rate consequent of the enriched calciner CO2. Some results are presented from such R&D efforts, prior to full-scale demonstration, to test the use of non-fossil fuel-based cement production, which can be integrated into a CCUS system as these systems are also being developed at present. The by-product of hydrogen generation (i.e., via electrolysis) will be oxygen that will be essential in replacing N2 from the oxidant via oxy-combustion, which has shown to enhance combustion and increase clinker production at a number of cement plants. The plant safety and operational issues for adapting these approaches are of paramount importance and needs to be considered carefully.


The analysis of normal and pathological variation in human foot morphology is central to several biomedical disciplines, including orthopedics, orthotic design, sports sciences, and physical anthropology, and it is also important for efficient footwear design. A classic and frequently used approach to study foot morphology is analysis of the footprint shape and footprint depth. Footprints are relatively easy to produce and to measure, and they can be preserved naturally in different soils. In this study, we need to correlate footprint depth with corresponding foot pressure of individual using 3D scanner. Several approaches are used for modeling and estimating footprint depths and foot pressures. The deepest footprint point is calculated from z max coordinate-z min coordinate and the average of foot pressure is calculated from GRF divided to foot area contact and identical with the average of footprint depth. Evaluation of footprint depth was found from importing 3D scanner file (dxf) in AutoCAD, the z-coo...


The growth process of silicon on the Si(111)√3×√3-Ag surface (here after √3Ag surface) has been studied by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Islands of one bilayer thickness with infinite form and triangular geometry are observed for 0.32 ML(ML:1 ML=7.8×1014/cm2) deposition of silicon on the √3Ag surface. The orientation of two dimensional islands with triangular geometry is the same as that of unfaulted half unit of the Si(111)7×7 structure (here after 7×7 structure). The surface structure of the Si islands is characterized as the √3 structure by analysis of STM images of the island. It is believed that Ag atoms segregate on the deposited silicon islands and the island surfaces become the √3Ag structure. In comparison with densities of the islands on the 7×7 and the √3Ag surfaces, it is concluded that the diffusion coefficient of Si atoms on the √3Ag surface is about 60 times larger than that of Si atoms on the 7×7 surface. The value of the diffusion coefficient is independence on deposition rates. We also discuss a possibility of the Schwoebel effect on the √3Ag surface for Si atoms because populations of the islands at step edges of upper terraces are higher than those at lower step edges. [DOI: 10.1380/ejssnt.2009.763]


The Knight shifts of 29Si and 63Cu in CeCu2Si2 with Tc=0.7 K have been measured in the temperature range 0.06K-100K. The shifts K|| and K⊥ with the tetragonal c-axis parallel and perpendicular to the applied field have shown a drastic reduction below Tc. The spin susceptibilities χ|| and χ⊥ are estimated to decrease to 60-70% and 35 % of the normal state value down to 0.3K and 0.06 K, respectively. This result presents a clear evidence for the singlet pairing-state.


The study sought to find out the relative effectiveness of three classroom interaction strategies which are known to affect students' learning outcomes in Mathematics. 484 senior secondary school three (SSSIII) students randomly selected through judgmental and stratified random sampling from government-owned secondary schools in Ikere and Ado-Ekiti local government areas of Ekiti state participated in the study. The instrument was a self-constructed one, validated and used for collecting data and titled "Mathematics Achievement Test (MAT)." The experimental treatment lasted for four weeks, and the data collected were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, ANCOVA, two-way ANCOVA, and Tukey HSD post hoc pairwise comparisons analysis. The findings showed that the students' learning outcomes in Mathematics were better promoted by the cooperative and competitive strategies but rather minimally by both individualistic and conventional strategies.


The present dissertation has as its object the study of selected dimensions of teacher education and specifically the investigation of developing critical thinking in learners and educators in the context of higher education. The aim is to study the implementation in higher education of a modern method which relies on the use of art and comes from the field of adult education. One of the objectives is the examination of the applicability, in formal educational context and to learners who are going through the phase of early adulthood, in order to strengthen and promote the development of critical reflection. At the same time, this research aims to investigate possible changes to assumptions of trainees, which are associated with the implementation of the method, focusing particularly on the study of the degree of maturity and breadth of these changes.


Continuing the successful on-orbit operation of the VIIRS instruments currently on-board the Suomi-NPP and NOAA-20 spacecraft, additional VIIRS instruments are in development to be launched on future JPSS missions. Pre-launch testing of VIIRS, before integration with the spacecraft, is an important step in verifying the performance and operation of the instrument. As part of that testing, investigation into the near-field response (NFR) for each detector is required to assess the detector performance and assure there is no interference due to scattered light that could influence the radiometric measurements. A key element of this test is measuring the detector response of a bright target, followed by viewing the same target through neutral density filters. The measurements are stitched together to quantify the detector response over the entire dynamic range and fit using a Harvey-Shack scatter model. We present our findings for JPSS-4 VIIRS NFR performance evaluated during instrument ambient testing. The results include performance of the VIIRS detectors as compared against their specifications and comparisons against previous flight models.


Simple and efficient F-P Yb-doped fiber laser with fiber tunable reflectivity loop mirror and fiber Bragg grating as cavity mirrors is brought forward. A polarization controller is twined in the loop mirror and the optimum output ratio can be obtained easily, and the trouble of selection of different reflectivity output mirror is avoided. Also fiber loop mirror has wideband reflective spectrum, which can improve the pump efficiency and give more output power. The output power of 5.65 mW, slope efficiency of 19% are obtained when pump power is 51 mW and fiber length is 7 m.


A feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary protein levels on the population growth,food consumption,emergent weight and body protein of Apis mellifera ligustica Spinola.In early spring,30 A.mellifera ligustica colonies of equal size,queen quality and age were randomly divided into 5 treatment groups and 1 control group.The treatment groups were fed experimental diets containing different amounts of dietary protein(20%,25%,30%,35%,40%),and the control group was fed rape pollen.The results indicate that the food intake of the control colonies was significantly higher than that of the 40% protein group(P 0.05).The adult population growth of the 25%,30% and 35% protein groups were not significantly different(P 0.05),but all were significantly higher than that of the control group(P 0.05).The emergent weight of workers increased in colonies fed up to 35% dietary protein,but decreased in colonies fed higher levels of dietary protein.There was no obvious difference in the body protein of the nurse worker bees between the control group and treatment groups receiving 20%,25% and 30% dietary protein(P 0.05),but the body protein of nurse worker bees in the other treatment groups was significantly higher than that of the control group(P 0.05).


The finite element analysis of three-dimensional thermodynamics of a large diameter flange was carried out.The research shows that the stress of the bolts was increased,the deflection of the flange was decreased,the non-uniformity of the stress and stress distribution of the gasket was lowered because of the action of the temperature field.The stress of the gasket was decreased due to the fluctuation of internal pressure,and the stress of the gaskets was greatly reduced with the increase of pressure fluctuation.The stress changes inside and outside sides of the bolts were comparatively complex,and the deflection of the flange had an important influence on the stress changes.


The stellar metallicity and abundance ratio gradients from the fiducial late-type galaxy simulation of Stinson et al. (2010) are presented. Over 1-3 scalelengths, gradients are shown to flatten with time, consistent with empirical evidence at high- and low-redshifts. Kinematic effects, including radial migration, though, flatten these intrinsicly steep gradients such that by redshift z=0, the measured gradients of these (now) old stars are flatter than their young counterparts, in contradiction to what is observed locally. Conversely, the stellar [O/Fe] gradient is (to first order) robust against migration, remaining fairly flat for both young and old populations today.


Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is a heme-containing enzyme that catalyzes the degradation of the essential amino acid L-tryptophan to kynurenine. It plays an important role in the initial and rate-limiting step in the breakdown of tryptophan. It has been reported that IDO1, an enzyme induced by IFN-gamma, is one of the central regulators of immune responses in various physiologic and pathologic settings and the enzyme is frequently expressed in cancers. Kynurenine produced by IDO1 suppresses T-cell function in the tumor microenvironment, resulting in tumor cell evasion from immune cells. IDO1 inhibitors, such as epacadostat and BMS-986205, have shown preliminary clinical therapeutic response in melanoma and other solid tumors when combined with anti-PD-1 antibody. Here, we report the discovery of a novel and selective IDO1 inhibitor with potent activity in various cell-based assays. Our lead molecule D-0751 inhibits IDO1 activity in HeLa cell and human whole blood assay with IC50 of 0.6 nM and 13 nM, respectively. It activates the human T-cell activity in a HeLa co-culture study with EC50 at 9 nM. D-0751 is optimized to have good PK profile in rodent, dog and monkey as well as slow clearance when incubated with human hepatocyte. Pharmacodynamic (PD) effect has been observed in mouse models (blood and tumor samples) as well as in dog (blood samples) with efficient kynurenine reduction observed at optimal dose level. Taken together, these results support the advancement of D-0751 as a clinical candidate in combination with anti-PD-1/L1 antibody in various solid tumor indications. Citation Format: Yaolin Wang, Zhe Shi, Zixing Han, Zhenwu Wang, Yueheng Jiang, Xing Dai. Preclinical pharmacologic and pharmacodynamic studies of a novel and potent IDO1 inhibitor D-0751 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2736.


In the montane western United States, where the majority of downstream water resources are derived from snowmelt, a warming climate threatens the timing and amount of future water availability. It is expected that the fraction of precipitation falling as snow will continue decreasing and the timing of snowmelt will continue shifting earlier in the year with unknown impacts on partitioning between evapotranspiration and streamflow. To assess this, we employ a Snow Storage Index (SSI) to represent the annual temporal phase difference between daily precipitation and daily modeled surface water inputs (SWI, the sum of rainfall and snowmelt), weighted by the respective amounts. We coupled the SSI metric with a Budyko‐based framework to determine the effect of snow water storage on relative hydrologic partitioning across snow‐influenced watersheds in the western U.S. Greater snow water storage was positively correlated with greater hydrologic partitioning to streamflow, particularly in the North Cascades/Cascades (r2: 0.62), Blue Mountains (r2: 0.56), Canadian Rockies (r2: 0.55), Idaho Batholith, (r2: 0.48), and Columbia Mountains/Northern Rockies (r2: 0.45). The weekly SWI:P ratio was an equally strong predictor for hydrologic partitioning, particularly in mid‐spring (e.g., March/April) in the same mountainous areas (r2: 0.62–0.74, across the same eco‐regions). The retention of snow water storage and subsequent release of stored water in summer months resulted in increased hydrologic partitioning to streamflow. If SSI decreases with future warming, the volume of water partitioned streamflow will decrease non‐uniformly across the western U.S. with substantial implications for ecosystems and agricultural, industrial, and domestic water supplies.


Objective To solve the problems of nuclear medicine examination process discontinuous and information isolated island.Methods Based on the requirements of nuclear medicine system,a novel system integrated infrastructure was designed.We paid more attention to reconstruct the workflow of nuclear medicine department,to analyze the data process of images and reports,to describe the road map of integrated with HIS,PACS and so on.What's more,many standards and technologies were applied to the construction of this novel system,including DICOM-based data processing,PET/CT images 3D integrating reconstructing,digital voice recording dictating,radioactive drugs dose measuring.Results The new system was successfully applied in nuclear medicine department for about 30 months and got satisfactory results.Conclusion Application of the system improves the work efficiency and optimizes examination process.So,the novel system enjoys wide popular support.


The paper by Brink et al. (this issue) is very timely, as childhood diabetes mellitus (DM) and DM in general is rapidly increasing in incidence and poses one of the great challenges to health authorities worldwide. It describes and discusses the importance of the team approach for therapy as practiced in a large diabetes clinic in Boston. The authors take aß their starting point the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) in the USA, which reached important conclusions regarding the value of good control in reducing the prevalence of diabetes complications. These trials were conducted on patients who agreed to participate (a selective group) and who were supervised by a large group of personnel for a relatively small group of patients in each center. A certain number dropped out, not liking the rigorous program. The group of adolescents included was small; the great majority of the sample was mature adults who have different needs from children. Brink et al. mention that some teams have psychologists, psychiatrists and counselors available for ongoing consultation, while in other clinics other members take on such roles, especially the 'diabetes educators'. The authors stress in their article the central role of the medical members of the team. Forthwith are some complementary ideas and approaches.


stabilized dispersions of agricultural oil. The present invention relates to agrochemical oil dispersions are stabilized for particle sedimentation through the use of a combination of a rheology modifier such as clay or silica, and a polymer or oligomer capable of hydrogen bonding with.


The North China Craton, constructed in the Archean and Proterozoic, underwent Mesozoic lithospheric delamination and crustal thinning in its eastern part whereas it exhibits thick lithosphere in its western part beneath the Ordos Block. The cause of the enigmatic present-day ~1300 m elevation of the Ordos Block, highly unusual for a Precambrian craton, remains debated, with highly variable estimates proposed of both crustal thickness (40–65 km) and lithospheric thickness (150–280 km). We use multi-observable thermochemical inverse modeling of available geophysical datasets to show that the crust of the Ordos block cannot be unusually thick, nor can the lithosphere be unusually thin, and both are comparable to other Precambrian cratons. Instead, the unusual elevation of the Ordos Block must arise in the composition of its lower lithosphere, which we show to be atypical of Archean upper mantle by being both unusually fertile, i.e., dense, and by incorporating a wet layer. We surmise that the Ordos Block must have either grown by secular downwards thickening and/or extensive lower lithosphere modification to produce a structure in which tectonothermal ages become younger with increasing lithospheric depth. We further speculate that the spatial correlation of the observed compositional depth variation of the Ordos Block with extrusives on the eastern and western boundaries of the so-called "Eastern Block" give that the NCC was formed as a single entity and not by two distinct amalgamated during Paleoproterozoic collisional orogeny along the putative Orogen".


The purpose of the article is to substantiate theoretical and methodological fundamentals of the formation of adaptive system for managing the marketing commodity policy through the example of online retailers, as well as to analyse results of approbation of conceptual model of adaptive management system of marketing commodity policy in practical activities of Ukrainian online retailers in various market segments. Methodology. Within the research, activities of Ukrainian online retailers were considered and analysed depending on their sphere and specialisation. Methodological basis of the study is comprised of the system of general scientific and special methods, namely: dialectical method of scientific cognition; methods of system analysis; methods of causeand- effect analysis; methods of comparative analysis; multidimensional statistical methods. Based on the results of the research conducted, the author has developed a conceptual model of adaptive system of management of marketing commodity policy of online retailers, the main goal of which is to form adaptive management system of marketing commodity policy of online retailers as a central reference point in the identification of marketing commodity strategy needed to be implemented, which mostly influences long-term sustainable functioning of online retailers in the market by means of the fullest satisfaction of typical demands, needs, and preferences of the target audience and occasional online buyers along with irrational online orders. List of components of the marketing environment, which have quantitative and qualitative character and different degree of impact on the activities of online retailers depending on their belonging to a certain market segment, is determined. Mechanism of adaptive management of marketing commodity policy of online retailers is proposed that is oriented to revealing the integrity of the process in the context of permanent changes in the market situation; is directed to providing a high-quality level of management of online activity of retailers. Practical importance. Based on the results of the approbation of conceptual model of adaptive management system of marketing commodity policy of Ukrainian online retailers in different segments, it is determined that its implementation in online activity of retailers contributes to their effective functioning and sustainable long-term development, in particular, by means of adjusting reference points of management of marketing commodity policy, and results into improving the process of making rational strategic decisions and substantiating tactical measures of implementation. Practical application of the mechanism of adaptive management of marketing commodity policy of online retailers promotes the implementation of a sound variant of achievement of their strategic goals. Value/originality. Implementation of the developed adaptive management system of marketing commodity policy may ensure effective performance and sustainable development of online retailers in the future, in particular, by means of relevant changes in the management of marketing commodity policy.


This guide provides information about the different types of primary source documents. The best resources for finding primary and secondary sources on all periods of history.


The area of airfield air traffic control is briefly introduced, and potential increases in demands outlined. The tasks involved are described as an initial approach to the problem of developing improved systems. The various methods of information collection and organization for such tasks are discussed. Possible future developments in systems are mentioned together with their associated ergonomics aspects.


With advances in computer technology, it has become possible to create three-dimensional (3-D) images of anatomical structures for use in teaching gross anatomy. In this study, 91 volunteer first-year medical students completed a survey about their attitudes towards the use of 3-D images in their anatomy course. Sample computer-generated wire-frame images were videotaped and shown to 65 of the students, who evaluated their clarity and usefulness. In general, students recommended that 3-D images be used but that wire-frame ones may not be sufficiently clear to adequately show the shape of anatomical structures. Students seeing the images after a 3-week laboratory involving gross dissection of cadavers reported clearer mental images than students seeing the images before the lab or who completed the lab without seeing the images.


The relevance of the examination is due to the fact that the study of the characteristics of the personal and professional formation of civil employees in the system of the internal affairs of the Russian Federation will solve a number of urgent questions about the methods and possibilities for optimizing professional and personal development, about the psychological mechanisms for increasing labor efficiency. The object of research is the process of personal and professional formation of civil employees in the system of internal affairs of the Russian Federation. The subject of the study is the psychological mechanisms, factors, determinants of the personal and professional formation of civil employees in the system of internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation and the possibilities of its optimization.
Research methods: analysis and systematization of scientific and psychological literature on the research topic; general scientific methods of cognition (theoretical analysis, generalization, synthesis); questioning of civil servants of the system of internal affairs of the Russian Federation; statistical methods for processing the obtained data. The respondents were 120 persons, state civil employees (40 persons) and employees of the internal affairs bodies of the Altai Republic (40 persons), as well as students of the Academy of Management of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, who were heads of ATS units from various regions of the Russian Federation (40 persons. )
The scientific novelty of the study consists in expanding, supplementing and refining scientific views on the personal and professional formation of civil employees in the system of internal affairs of the Russian Federation and the possibilities for optimizing this process. The practical significance of the results consists in substantiating, firstly, the characteristics of the personal and professional formation of civil employees in the system of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation; secondly, the main directions of optimizing the personal and professional formation of civil servants in the system of internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation.


Abstract : British policy towards Germany prior to World War II is often studied in the context of its failed appeasement policies. While many narratives discuss appeasement in the context of Neville Chamberlain and the September 1938 Munich Conference, German aggression began much earlier. Nor were German actions as provocative as popular storytelling suggests. German troops first marched during the Remilitarization of the Rhineland in March 1936, and the British responded with little more than a yawn. When Hitler annexed Austria in the Anschluss two years later, however, the British literally responded by taking up arms. The intervening two years, what this thesis titles the Phony Peace, saw no overt acts of German aggression except for its veiled intervention in the Spanish Civil War. This thesis analyzes the period of the Phony Peace to examine how German actions in Spain shaped British appeasement, in particular its multilateral collective security policies. It traces the beginning of each policy, the effects of German intervention, and their endpoints at the Anschluss. The research helps to answer two questions: how did the Germans strive to undermine British collective security efforts, and how did Neville Chamberlain come to play such an expansive role in British foreign policy?


Under the co-guidance of the responsible departments of the university and Selection and Cultivation Office of PLA,the university can establish a new mechanism for strengthening the political education and psychological education of national defense students in order that they can master basic military doctrine and military skills,cultivate their dedication to national defense and acquire the basic quality as stipulated in Reserve Officers Law of the People's Republic of China.


This article argues in favour of seeing co-design as an open-ended exploration where prototypical practices are explored that engender favourable conditions for ongoing negotiation of meaning. Participatory design approaches to designing for specific practices are reviewed with particular focus on how to handle constantly evolving practices, where some design researchers argue for creating open and flexible technical systems while others emphasise design as primarily concerned with questions of changing practices. By discussing an extended participatory design project in which new ways of engaging in informal learning through self-produced videos were explored in an intensive care unit, I argue first and foremost for viewing co-design as prototypical practice which is explored through an open-ended exploration of possibilities. Second, I argue that a focus on practice necessarily requires in situ explorations to see if the proposed design explorations invoke relevant prototypical practices in the midst of work. Third, I argue that a focus on practice entails viewing tools as temporary props for various settings, rather than as central features that define the settings of learning, knowing and working.


1. Haploidy and Related Biotechnological Methods in Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) R. Bergmann, W. Friedt. 2. Application of Haploidy Technique Assisted by Molecular Methods in Sunflower W. Friedt, et al. 3. Haploidy in Niger (Guizotia abyssinica Cass) P.B. Kavi Kishor, et al. 4. Haploidy in Petunia S.M. Jain, N. Bhalla-Sarin. 5. In Vitro Induction of Haploid Plants from the Gametophytes of Lily and Tulip R.W. van den Bulk, J.M. van Tuyl. 6. Anther and Microspore Culture in Camellia japonicum M.C. Pedroso, M.S. Pais. 7. Haploidy in Asparagus by Anther Culture H.S. Tsay. 8. Haploidy in Nicotiana sps. A. Cersosimo, C. Sorrentino. 9. In Vitro Induction of Haploids in Cotton Y.P.S. Bajaj, M.S. Gill, 10. Gynogenic Haploids in Angiosperms G.L. Sita. 11. Haploidy in Citrus M.A. Germana. 12. Haploid Plantlet Production in Tomato W.L. Summers. 13. Somatohaploids by Anther Culture of Interspecific Somatic Hybrids and Their Prospects in Potato Breeding V.-M. Rokka, et al.


The invention relates to a component supply station, in particular a feeder for a placement machine (2) for providing electrical components to a circuit board, comprising a first base plate (3) for attachment to the placement machine (2), so that the first base plate (3) has a predetermined orientation relative to the placement machine (2) occupies a conveyor unit (4) for conveying a blister strip on which the components are arranged, wherein the conveyor unit (4) is rotatably mounted perpendicular relative to a to the first base plate (3) first axle (15) , so that the components in the plane of the first base plate (3) can be made available in a predetermined orientation relative to the vertical first axis (15).


The chemical and mineral composition, microstructure and high temperature properties of dense fused gray corundum and white corundum produced by different processes have been analysed. Results showed that dense fused gray corundum is superior to white corundum in terms of high temperature properties.


The main objective of this doctoral thesis is the development of a methodology based on experimental and modelling techniques to evaluate the potential of thermoelectricgenerators in automotive exhaust systems. Thermal energy is a by-product in all power generation and industrial processes. For any heat engine, the laws of thermodynamics place fundamental constraints on the amount of useful power which can be extracted, leading to large amounts of heat being rejected to the ambient. Thermoelectric materials, usually employed in the form of solid state devices (thermoelectric modules) convert temperature gradients provided by any heat source directly into electrical energy. Due to the strict environmental regulations and the huge share in fossil fuel consumption of road transportation, the automotive sector strikes as an excellent candidate to implement thermoelectric generators, specially in exhaust systems, in which a third of the energy provided by the fuel is wasted as heat. The results presented here were developed for a light-duty diesel engine working at common driving conditions and cover several stages: theoretical assessment, modelling of the exhaust system, computer-aided design of a thermoelectric generator and engine tests with a thermoelectric generator prototype. Each one of this steps involved new findings and meant one step further in the implementation of thermoelectric generators in engines. Later, achievable thermoelectric production for the diesel engine was compared with that of a gasoline engine. Additionally, a comparison with a turbine-based, energy recovery technology is provided.


Based on the introduction of the urban construction and the administration pattern of the military cities in Xinjiang, this paper discusses the urban-regional relationship in the military cities which are both municipal and military territories. It also explores the spatial connection features between city and region, and its influence on city development. With Wujiaqu City as an example, the paper ana- lyzes the interacting relationship between urban and rural areas of the military cities, and the features of the driving force of city development. At the end, the paper also forwards certain city development and planning thoughts which are based on the special ur- ban-rural areas relationship in the military cities.


This study focused on the development of an Open Journal System (OJS) for advanced education in Eastern Visayas State University (EVSU) in the Philippines. It is a descriptive and causal-comparative type of research, concentrating on technological innovation of an open-access program as a platform for online publication of research outputs. Faculty members and students of the EVSU Graduate School, along with experts from international universities, served as respondents in the survey. The faculty members are much aware of the characteristics of Open Access Publications (OAP) while the students are aware how OAP are being implemented. The respondents are generally favorable that research issued in Open Access journals is becoming a norm in online publishing and consequently beneficial to the scholarly community. The implementation of OJS is often experienced by professors while students sometimes experience the way OJS enables the publication of researches from various disciplines. The EVSU-GS OJS was designed for the development of open access, peer-reviewed publishing, providing the technical infrastructure not only for the online presentation of journal articles, but also an entire editorial management workflow, including article submission, multiple rounds of peer-review, and indexing.


Four kinds of ethylene–vinyl acetate–vinyl alcohol (EVA–OH) terpolymers containing different contents of hydroxyl groups were prepared using the transesterification reaction between a ethylene–vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer and alcohol. Structural and thermal analyses of the EVA-OH produced were performed with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. Electrical properties such as water treeing, AC breakdown, and dielectric loss characteristics were investigated. It was found that both water tree length and the probability of water tree generation decreased as a function of hydroxyl group content. AC breakdown characteristics such as average breakdown strength and characteristic breakdown strength (breakdown probability = 63.2%) of EVA improved as a function of the conversion rate of EVA-OH from acetate to hydroxyl groups. Dielectric loss increased with hydroxyl group content in the low-frequency range. In contrast, it was observed that dielectric loss decreased with hydroxyl group content in the high-frequency range. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 420–424, 2006


ABSTRACT What tends to be represented when talking about homosexuals is not the diversity of people who have sex with others of the same sex-gender, but a kind of group or a defined collective with some identifiable characteristics and specific identities: a collection of others, a historically oppressed minority, a community. As a result, not all people who practice homosexuality are included in the representations of homosexuals, nor do all included in these conform to the images projected onto them. This involves a series of social and political consequences, related to the reproduction of hegemonic gender and power structures. Therefore, I question the use of these representations in social sciences and propose to consider, as the analysis element, sexual practices and not the identities and categorizations created around them, showing the power relations that exist between them.


This dissertation is used to analyze the reform of the US divorce and custody laws – with special consideration for the legal development in California. A particular focus is on the reasons, which led to the no-fault-reform in the 1960s – an era of socio-political upheaval.
First, a portrayal of the concept of society and family in the light of the changes in contemporary history is shown. Here, the basics of the American system of values and the reasons for the changes in society since the 1960s are explained.
Following an excursion into legal history and legal tradition, the larger second part discusses the liberalization of divorce law and the resulting withdrawal of governmental intervention from divorce proceedings. Due to the abolition of the fault principle and the introduction of the failure principle, problem solving was shifted from the courts to the spouses. Individuals were now allocated a greater level of personal responsibility. The impulse for this change in the law came from the State of New York, which was to reduce the "divorce tourism" in federal states with less restrictive laws.
As a result, the custody law was also reformed and joint custody was introduced. The development from patriarchal role relations within the family to the introduction of joint custody is the subject of the final part of this work.


Inventory is usually the most important priced quality of a business once the mounted quality. Keeping the inventory conjointly suggests that keeping tab on the realizable value of all the stocks in production and finished output. This paper explores the challenges of manual inventory management system for supermarkets and infers solutions to this challenges by planning a computerized machine-controlled inventory management system to order and update the stocks.Whenever the product is purchased it should automatically update the stock level in database i.e when the unit is 50 and one product is purchased ,then the stock will be automatically updated to 49, when the product ID is entered it will automatically display the product details and total amount will be generated and the bill printed. It also manages the product, supplier and cashier details. When the product reaches the reorder level, it will automatically send an intimation to the owner via message and the owner opens up the application on his mobile to reorder the product and the payment for the product is done. The application developed will be an immense useful to the owner since the reordering of product is done by his own conscience which will certainly reduce the loss for the supermarket. The finding shows the challenges facing the manual system of inventory management system; the manual system requires everyday counting of items in the inventory, human errors are very prevalent during counting and recording. Based on the findings this paper highlights the possible solutions to the above problems; a computerized inventory management system to order and update the stocks was designed and goods were supplied to implement the possible solutions.


As Brad Berk sees it, "All the work I do can pretty much fit under the heading of signal transduction in blood vessels." This deceptively short phrase, however, covers decades of research into the cellular and genetic mechanisms that produce some of cardiovascular medicine's most stubborn challenges: atherosclerosis, aneurysms, and pulmonary hypertension. Berk's academic career has led him from the University of Rochester to Harvard Medical School, Emory University, and the University of Washington before circling back to Rochester. Currently, he holds the post of Distinguished University Professor in medicine, neurology, pathology, and pharmacology and physiology. He has founded and directed 2 multidepartment institutes: the Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute (CVRI; from 1999 to 2006) and the University of Rochester Neurorestoration Institute (URNI; from 2015 to the present).

Bradford C. Berk

While at the University of Washington, in 1998, he published with Oren Traub a review1 of what was then known about how changes in blood-flow profile (steady versus disturbed) influence vascular disease. Berk went on to develop a highly reproducible model2 for vascular remodeling of the carotid as mediated by blood-flow profile. The disturbed flow region shows the formation of intima—a pathological thickening of the vessel wall. Because this thickening is predictive for cardiovascular events, the identification of genetic factors that played a role in the process3 marked a significant advance in cardiovascular research.

Together with Korshunov et al, Berk studied 3 disease processes that contribute to intima: endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and smooth muscle growth. By performing a genetic linkage study to home in on regions of the mouse genome that contribute to the intima,4 Berk and Korshunov identified a specific gene ( RpL17 ) that accounts for smooth muscle cell growth. With Smolock et al,5,6 they found a key link to inflammation now identified …


BACKGROUND: The National Cancer Survivorship Initiative in the UK calls for a shift from the traditional medical model of hospital followup for people with cancer. We conducted randomised controlled trials (RCT) which demonstrated that telephone aftercare by specialist nurses is beneficial in breast and colorectal cancer, shifting the focus from searching for signs of recurrent disease to meeting the information and support needs of patients using a structured telephone intervention. The RCTs provided evidence of effectiveness, whilst qualitative studies allowed indepth analysis of how the intervention worked and its impact.

METHODS: Interviews were conducted which aimed to explore experiences of telephone aftercare with 54 patients, 28 with breast, 26 with colorectal cancer and 5 specialist nurses; all had either received or delivered telephone aftercare. Data were analysed using content analysis.

RESULTS: All patients liked telephone aftercare. The structure of the intervention instilled confidence, patients reported that all relevant questions had been asked and answered with nothing "missed". Patients felt telephone aftercare was convenient, economical and more "normal" than hospital follow-up, providing continuity of care and carer. Specialist nurses reported the high level of skill, knowledge and confidence required to deliver the intervention and, perceived that, unlike hospital outpatient care, telephone aftercare met individual needs and supported patient self-management.

CONCLUSIONS: Useful insights were gained into how the intervention could be implemented into everyday clinical practice. Moreover these studies demonstrated that meeting psycho-social needs is essential to help patients who have survived a cancer diagnosis and treatment to self-manage.


Social Policy and Social Capital: Parents and Exceptionality 1974–2007 focuses on the experiences of the parents of disabled children in Iceland. The emphasis is on, as the author puts it, the "waves" of municipal and state policy that underpin services concerning disabled children and their parents over the last 30 years, but issues of medicine, education, gender and the family, among others, also receive a fair share of attention. There is food for thought to be found within these pages for academics, educators and practitioners in a wide range of disciplines to be sure, but specialists within particular fields of study may not be satisfied. From the perspective of Icelandic disability studies, there are some curious omissions in the references cited. Those who focus on the development of Icelandic disability policy may find little that has not already been covered in the Icelandic language literature. Those working in education or social work in Iceland may have similar opinions. Given these factors, as well as its publication in English, it is not entirely clear who is the intended audience. Yet this is offset by the fact that there is some striking material within these pages that span a long and noted research career. The 33-year span for a study that aims to analyse policy as well as present a social history is indeed ambitious. The timeframe that the work is placed within (1974–2007) seems to coincide with the author's own research experience and personal engagement with disability issues. However, the author's method of examining policy developments over these three decades is intriguing and in my opinion successful. This is done though a cohort model. The parents of children born in the period of 1974–1983 are referred to as the "Explorers" as they encountered a heavily medicalised environment in which the birth of a disabled child was perceived by practitioners as a 'tragedy,' and the services on offer tended towards exclusion and segregation. The author illustrates quite well that the gains in policy advances and service proExceptional waves: Parents of disabled children negotiating 30 years of Icelandic social policy


For the current supply capacity assessment failed to adequately consider the impact of heating and cooling load comfort and virtual energy storage characteristics of buildings, a power supply capability evaluation method of distribution network based on flexible cooling and heating demand is proposed. First of all, combined with the influence of cooling and heating load resources on the reliability of power supply, a calculation method of terminal user reliability index considering cooling heating and electrical load is proposed; Secondly, based on the indoor air thermal equilibrium model and the building envelope thermal equilibrium model, a virtual energy storage model for cooling and heating loads is established. Thirdly, based on the sequential Monte Carlo reliability evaluation process, distribution network power supply capacity evaluation model and solution method based on differentiated reliability constraints are proposed. Finally, a numerical example is used to verify the effectiveness and practicability of the method proposed in this paper.


The presented paper reflects on the perspective of the field of Buddhist studies/Buddhology relating to research on gender roles, especially female roles in Buddhist traditions within the scope of textual study of sources. After briefly introducing the discipline and the history of research on gender within Buddhist studies, the article concentrates on the main shortcomings and also the current perspectives and postulates of contemporary research on gender roles in Buddhism.