Wind energy has a huge rule in the production of free electricity in urban areas. Usage of helical wind turbine as a power producer is low cost compare to other horizontal wind turbines. Helical savonius wind turbine has a wide range of mechanical design parameters to meet the numerous design requirements. A total of 10 prototypes have been designed using the pro engineer program which are divided into a few mechanical design considerations like aspect ratio, separation gap and Bach cross-section profile, in order to study the behavior of the rotor through using a numerical analysis program like cfdesign. Therefore, this study introduce a new mechanical design considerations to improve the performance over (cp=0.2) using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and analyze the results, helical rotor found to have (cp=0.26) with a Bach cross-section of (90o to 20o), considering the wind resources in Malaysia.


One hundred thirty five (135) unsexed day-old, commercial broiler chicks were weighed individually and uniformly distributed as 45 chicks in three groups (T1, T2 and T3). Each group was divided into three replicates with 15 chicks in each. The chicks were fed with starter mash which contained crude protein 23% and metabolizable energy 2905 Kcal/kg up to three weeks of age and from 4 to 6 weeks of age the chicks were fed with finisher mash which contained crude protein 20% and metabolizable energy 3120 Kcal/kg. In group T1 herbal vitamin E was added @ 50 g/ton of feed and group, T2 herbal vitamin E was added @ 100 g/ton of feed and T3 synthetic Vitamin E @ 100g/ ton was added. Growth and feed consumption of broilers in experimental group i.e. T1 (basal diet + herbal vitamin E @ 50 g/ton) but feed conversion ration of T3 (basal diet+ synthetic vitamin E @ 100g/ton) was better than that recorded on control diet.


The central line contains all triads in which x and y are consecutive integers. These were discussed in Classroom Note 147. The extreme top line contains all triads in which y and 2 are consecutive integers, while the extreme lower line contains all in which x and z are consecutive odd numbers. Further sequences may be traced by alternating branches up, across and down (U, A and D): UA UA ... and A TJA U... contain triads for which m and n are in the Fibonacci sequence 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, In these triads, x and z are alternately members of the same sequence. The smaller acute angle tends alternately towards t a n 1 | and sinf. DUDU... gives the other sequence of triads mentioned in Classroom Note 147, representing triangles in which the hypotenuse and twice the shortest side are consecutive integers, thus tending to form half an equilateral triangle. UDUD... tends to produce the same type of triangle. DAD A ... and AD AD... tend to produce triangles similar to those produced by UA UA ... and A UA U..., and this symmetrical tendency in lines of descent seems to apply generally. The difference between x and y in any triad is equal to either the difference or the sum of x and y in the " parent triad ". For this reason, the difference between the two shorter sides of any primitive Pythagorean triangle must be either 1 (the difference of 3 and 4) or the sum of the shorter sides in another primitive Pythagorean triangle. The possible differences are therefore : 1,7,17,23,31,41,47, 49, I t was the investigation of these possible differences, suggested by Mr. P. I. Wyndham, which led to the results in this note.


Homogeneous charge compression ignition engines have the potential for low emissions and better efficiency. This benefit is due to its low temperature constant volume combustion where the diesel cycle moves closer to Otto cycle for the same compression ratio. Numerical investigations are carried out on a direct injection diesel engine for different HCCI modes and the results are compared with the engine operating on standard mode. Since control of fuel injection is one of the methods of obtaining controlled auto ignition, three injection modes viz., very early injection (during the start of compression) late injection (middle of compression) and injection just before the end of the compression (conventional injection) are investigated. The earliest injection timing of SOI during the start of compression stroke produced lowest levels of pollutants. But it suffers from poor evaporation of injected fuel and lowest pressure rise and hence poor fuel economy. The injection during the middle of compression stroke produced steep rise in pressure coupled with highest NOx emission level. This indicates that this timing more or less is a typical diesel combustion. The conventional injection timing of SOI 20° bTDC produced pressures which are comparable with experimental data and highest soot emission. Hence it is concluded that injection timing control alone is not sufficient to produce a reliable HCCI combustion.


A 180-GHz super-regenerative oscillator capable of 58 dB gain and fast switching at a rate up to 10 GHz is implemented in a 130nm SiGe BiCMOS technology. It is the fastest reported super-regenerative circuit in terms of data-rate and the first one to be packaged in a standalone mm-wave waveguide module. The oscillator has a tuning range of 6.5%, an output power of 0.5 dBm, and occupies an area of 0.72 mm2. When operated with a periodic quench signal, the circuit requires a minimum input power of −58 dBm for a phase coherent output. The circuit has a dc power consumption of 8.8 mW. QPSK and 8-phase shift keying (PSK) modulations with data rates up to 3 Gbit/s are demonstrated. The circuit is also integrated into a waveguide module and used to recover a wireless stream of 16QAM data at 16 Gbit/s, which is the highest reported in a super-regenerative circuit to date.


With the continuous development of today's education career and the changing of social demand for talents, the traditional teaching mode has been difficult to meet the needs of enterprises and society. So, the training mode of college students is faced with huge reform. We need to end the traditional cramming education, and become the teaching mode from students to active to teachers lead and guide. In this paper, the EIP CDIO engineering education mode is the latest achievements of international engineering education reform in recent years. It has inherited the idea of Europe and the United States for more than 20 years engineering education reform, adaptation of a broader, more conducive to improve the quality. Particularly important is the new standard provides a basis for the systematic. The goal of CDIO teaching mode of is to provide students the engineering education based on the products and systems conceive-design-implement-operate process with a set up in the real world, which emphasizes the engineering foundation. The ability of EIP CDIO teaching idea advocated include: ability of technical knowledge and reasoning; Individual professional skills and professional ethics; Interpersonal skills: team collaboration and communication; ability of enterprise and social conception, design, implementation and operation. This reflects the unity of systematic, scientific and advanced nature, representing the development trend of modern engineering education. CDIO introduced in this paper represents the organic combination of the conceive, design, implement and operate. EIP is the unity of the Ethics, Integrity and Professionalism.


Objectives The aim of this study was to determine the predictors of maternal blouse in the postpartum period based on social determinants of health of the World Health Organization (WHO) model. Methods This cohort study was conducted on 449 postpartum women who were referred to healthcare centers of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. The sampling method was a multi-stage random method. The tools used in this research were demographic and gynecological characteristics questionnaire, socio-economic status questionnaire, depression anxiety and stress scale-21 (DASS-21), multidimensional scale of perceived social support (MSPSS) (multidimensional scale of perceived social support [MSPSS]), domestic violence questionnaire (DVQ), unhealthy behavior questionnaire. Postpartum blouse was also measured based on the Stein's questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS software, version 24. Results The information of 449 pregnant women participating in the study was examined. The mean age of women was 26.96±4.46 years and their husbands' mean age was 32.17±5.6 years. The path analysis results demonstrated that among the variables related to maternal blouse (one-path test), in the indirect path analysis, socio-economic status had the most negative effect on the maternal blouse and also in the direct path analysis, DASS21 showed the most negative effect on the maternal blouse (B=-0.19) and the unfortunate event had the most positive effect (B=0.18). Violence had the most positive effect on the maternal blouse (two-path test) (B=0). Conclusion Considering the importance of the role and the high prevalence of maternal blouse in the mental health of women after childbirth, it seems necessary to pay attention to these factors for prevention and screening in terms of timely diagnosis and necessary measures.


High concentration polyacrylate microemulsion were prepared by using seed polymerization,in which the acrylic monomers was the polymerisable monomers.The effects that influence viscosity and particle size of polyacrylate emulsion including emulsifier content,initiator content and the soft monomer to hard monomer were discussed.In addition,using IR,TEM,particle size analyzer to characterize the copolymer.The results shows that,with the increas of dosage emulsifier,emulsion viscosity increase and decreasing the particle size gradually;with the increase of the dosage of initiator emulsion particle size increases first,then decreases,while with the increase of the dosage of initiator emulsion viscosity decreases increased first,then decreases.with the increase of the proportion of the soft monomer to hard monomer,emulsion viscosity increases gradually,and the influence of emulsion particle size was not clear and when the polyacrylate emulsion pH range of 7.5-9.0,the polyacrylate emulsion has good stability.


This paper develops a unified theory of function spaces Mj^(Y, Z) with set-open topologies, the sets in question being the continuous images of selected classes of topological spaces ^ We prove that at least five of these function spaces are distinct and have corresponding exponential homeomorphisms θ: M^ (X, MSΛY, Z)) ~ M^ (X XS/Y, Z) for suitably retopologized product spaces I X y F , Singleton spaces are normally identities with respect to these products and so we have determined four distinct monoidal closed structures for the category of all spaces. Conditions for the category of spaces generated by sf, i.e., the coreflective hull of J^, to be cartesian closed and/or convenient are given. One result asserts that the category of sequential spaces is the smallest convenient category.


In the last decades, the issue of the behavior geared towards society and the environment of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) has created a new niche for economic researches. Most studies point out that entities operating in the forestry sector, despite having difficulties in applying valid corporate social responsibility (CSR) instruments, are concerned about the role they play in society. Therefore, they tend to develop their business by giving importance to the principles of sustainable development. The aim of the paper was to propose an econometric model to report the sustainability of non-financial performance for the companies operating in the forestry field. The main objectives of the study focused on defining and analyzing the studied problem through the specialized literature, defining and conceptualizing the statistical model in order to identify the risk factors and vulnerability, influencing the forestry sector in Romania. In this context, based on a sample of 248 Romanian active companies in the forestry sector in four distinct sectors, we calculated a number of indicators specific to the forestry sector in order to identify the risks and vulnerabilities and analyze the entities associated with this sector. Our research led us to the conclusion that, as far as the forestry sector is concerned, the companies that operate in Statistical classification of economic activities in the European Community (NACE) 240 and NACE 210 have registered superior results compared to the average in regards to the vulnerability of the sector, while those that operate in NACE 220 and NACE 230 focus mostly on those vulnerabilities regarding the risk zone of their sustainable development. The study could be useful both to stakeholders by giving them the possibility to identify those entities, classified according to the NACE code, taking into account the sector vulnerabilities and the risks associated with the profile market, as well as to the state that could influence through economic policies the sectors in which vulnerabilities are manifested.


Unfortunately for all concerned, it is doubtful that this book will receive wide acceptance outside university classes. It is customary for management to think of personnel as an easy field, and this is not an easy book. In the first place, the procedures involved in effective test construction and validation require not only insight, intuition, and judgment but also hard work and statistics. Profits come only with effort here as in other managerial fields. In the second place, the verbal material in this book is more difficult than one would recommend for most handbook writing. Finally, the examples, together with much of the research upon which the book is based, are taken from the field of military personnel


The indications for, technic and results of endoscopic sclerosing of the esophageal mucosa above esophageal varices are discussed and the effect of sclerosis documented histologically. Given strict criteria for the indications, the short and long-term results are encouraging.


Objective: In present days stress, anxiety and depression is commonly found among the students globally. These psychological problems badly affect the health of our students. The cardinal object of the present study was to investigate the effect of gender and faculty on stress, anxiety and depression. Further the study also strived to find the level of stress, anxiety and depression among boys and girls; science and arts students. Method: The present study consisted sample of 260 students divided in two groups (Boys and Girls) each group has 130 students. Further these two groups are equally subdivided into two more faculty wise (Science and Arts) groups with 65 students in each group. Levels of stress, anxiety and depression was measured by Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) constructed by Lovibond & Lovibond (1995). For data analysis and hypothesis testing mean and ANOVA was applied. Findings: The findings shows that girl students are prone to stress, anxiety and depression than boys as they have high percentage in all three areas (Stress 57.67%, Anxiety 90.77% and Depression 60.77%) than boys (Stress 43.85 %, Anxiety 89.22% and Depression 43.08%). Similarly science students have high level of stress, anxiety and depression (Stress 73.86%, Anxiety 96.14% and Depression 88.46 %) than arts students (Stress 27.69%, Anxiety 73.84% and Depression 15.38%). The results also revealed both gender and faculty have significant effect on stress, anxiety and depression as all obtained "F" ratio's was found significant at 0.05 level of significance. Conclusion: On the basis of the findings in the present study we may conclude that both gender and faculty are influential factors in stress, anxiety and depression.


Abstract: Global warming can jeopardize important ecosystem functions and services in sensitive Neotropical mountain areas. However, untangling the relative roles of natural climate variability pattern from current global warming trends still represent a major challenge. Here, we propose a novel analytical approach based on Structural Equation Models to evaluate the relative roles of different sources of climate variability on tree growth. Specifically, we investigate direct and indirect linkages between Basal Area Increments (BAI) and a set of different climatic sources of variability, such as: (i) large-scale atmospheric oscillation patterns (i.e., the El Nino Southern Oscillation, ENSO and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, PDO); and (ii) local meteorology in terms of temperature and precipitation. Additionally, we included in the SEM framework other important variables such as: (iii) calendar year (representative of temporal linear trends); and (iv) tree size (representative of main biological trends). Results indicate that the ENSO and PDO modulate minimum temperatures (Tmin) in the study area. These indices describe the oscillating behavior of the climatic modes (i.e., South Oscillation Index and PDO index) and are negatively correlated with Tmin. As such, they also influence tree growth (represented here by BAI) indirectly. Furthermore, through its direct impact on Tmin increase, ongoing climate warming has an indirect negative effect on BAI, thereby implying that the ongoing temperature rise could exert control on productivity in high mountain forests of the Andes, and that this influence could become more important with continued temperature increase.


A recent landmark achievement (Jadzinsky et al. Science 2007, 318, 430) reported the successful crystallization and X-ray measurements of para-mercaptobenzoic acid (p-MBA)-protected gold nanoparticles containing 102 gold atoms and 44 p-MBAs. To gain more insight into the Au102(SR)44 nanoclusters, we have performed density functional calculations for Au102(SMe)44 and its neighboring systems. The exceptional stability of Au102(SR)44 can be attributed to three coexisting factors: effective staple-motif formation, high stability against dissociation, and a large HOMO−LUMO gap.


This paper gives a report on a fracture mechanics study of legal strength concrete with compressive strength up  80 MPa.. 6 mixes were selected, designed to achieve a slump above 100 mm and strength up to 80 MPa.. The investigation used tiered levels of silica fume(0, 10%, 20% by weight of cement) and two coarse aggregate proportions of local aggregate (0.48, 0.65 by volume) In each case, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength fracture energy Gr and Fracture process zone Cr were determined. A test method for determining fracture energy Gr and process zone length Cr, defined by the size effect wide is generalized theory, has been proposed. It allows the use of specimenc of the different size and shape but with same notch length. This paper proposes test und data analysis procedures. The results obtained by the Size effect law (SEL) apparently follow the trend of fracture energy increasing as the compressive strength of the concrete increases. On the other hand, process zone length or decrease considerably with increase in strength. The Bazant's  size effect taw gives a very good account of the size dependency of flexural strength for both normal and high strength concrete. As observed in the size effect curve, the fracture behavior of the HSC seems to be more brittle than that of the normal strength concrete. Linear classic fracture mechanics (LEFM) is applicable to HSC in the normal size range than nonlinear fracture mechanics.


A 1kb 180 nm single-side read 6T sub-threshold SRAM has been designed focusing on manufacturability, integrated and measured satisfactorily. Silicon measurements show 3.1 nA total current, 2.4 nA leakage, at 530 Hz for a minimum operating voltage of 0.27 V with no bit errors. The area of the block is 22'350 μm2.


Objective: To understand the clinical and laboratory features of malignant tumor with thrombosis.Methods: Clinical features,blood routine,blood clotting function of 33 in-patients who were diagnosed malignant tumor with thrombosis were retrospectively reviewed.Results: Among these 33 patients,occupied 6.1% of the total,VTE was the most popular one.Thrombosis could be first clinical feature of malignant tumor,44.4% of which had metastasis.The survival time of one year and one year and a half in malignant tumor with thrombosis group was shorter than nonthrombosis.There were significant difference between control and thrombosis group in platelet,white blood cell,PT and D-dimer concentration(P0.05).Conclusion: Malignant tumor with elevated platelet,white blood cell,DD are prone to complicate thromboembolism event,and with poorly prognosis.It should be detected early and interfered in to improve life.


Strong QED has attracted attention recently partly because many astrophysical phenomena have been observed to involve electromagnetic fields beyond the critical strength for electron-positron pair production and partly because terrestrial experiments will generate electromagnetic fields above or near the critical strength in the near future. In this talk we critically review QED phenomena involving strong external electromagnetic fields. Strong QED is characterized by vacuum polarization due to quantum fluctuations and pair production due to the vacuum instability. A canonical method is elaborated for pair production at zero or finite temperature by inhomogeneous electric fields. An algorithm is advanced to calculate pair production rate for electric fields acting for finite periods of time or localized in space or oscillating electric fields. Finally, strong QED is discussed in astrophysics, in particular, strange stars.


Xinjiang, as the cotton production place in our country, occupies over half of the total cotton output in our country with its annual output, but in recent years, its output has been increasing while the economic benefit has been in a low level owing to the constant fluctuation in cotton price and unstable planting scale, which is ultimately because the cotton planting, processing and sales links in Xinjiang are disperse without forming synergistic effect. Therefore, the author analyzes the cotton production advantages and problems in Xinjiang, puts forward to take the largescale cotton spinning industry as the lead, form the interests community through equity relationship and contract with the cotton companies, unginned cotton processing enterprises and cotton planters, and hopes to promote the rapid and stable development of the cotton industry in Xinjiang by the means of establishing the new type cotton industrial chain.


UK funding for support for women in science, engineering and technology may have been cut, but the author says it's everyone's responsibility to keep up the excellent work done.


The purpose of this research is to design a device that is simple, portable, wireless, and can measure blood pressure accurately. The motivation of this study is to develop a device for people suffering from cardiovascular diseases and hypertension. Specifically, a device that is portable, wireless, and can accurately measure blood pressure. Upon determining their blood pressure, individuals can take preventive measures before serious risk to one's health can occur. The device is designed using the principles of plethysmography and electrocardiography in order to obtain the Pulse Transit Time for blood pressure calculation. The device demonstrates novelty by its light weight, portable size, and low cost. The compact, low-cost design of the proposed system could be implemented and deployed easily in developing nations wherein access to healthcare facilities is limited. This system could also be one of the many systems which measure simple body parameters for monitoring activities of daily life and disease prevention.


The relict plains cottonwood (Populus deltoides subsp. monilifera) forest along the Missouri River between Lakes Sakakawea and Oahe includes trees as large as two meters in diameter. We cored 24 of these trees to determine their age and suitability for flow reconstruction. Because most of the trees were rotten in the center, we developed a method to estimate the date of the center ring that accounts for the increase in ring width toward the center. Estimated center ring dates were as early as 1806. Cottonwood growth at a dry site was correlated with April–August flow prior to construction of Lake Sakakawea (1929–1953; r = 0.50, P = 0.011) and to Palmer Drought Severity Index following construction (1954–2014; r = 0.38, P = 0.003). We conclude that cottonwood rings can be used to improve reconstructions of Missouri River flows before the beginning of stream-gage records.


In the Biblioteca Publica e Arquivo Distrital de Leiria are preserved numerous Portuguese documents whose bindings consist of parchment folios from liturgical chant books dating from the mediaeval period through to the 18th century. Among these is an isolated fragment with polyphony containing parts of two three-voice Graduals and a simple setting of Asperges me . The precise origin of the majority of these musical fragments is not entirely certain at present. Judging from the presentation and musical style of the polyphonic fragment, which is analogous with music in the Trent codices, these Graduals are highly suggestive of origin in the compositional circuit of the Burgundian court during the middle decades of the 15th century.


Based on tourism listed companies' annual financial statements, this paper analyses companies' long term and short term debt repayment capability and their profitability, compares and evaluates their capital structure as well as raises relevant suggestions upon the capital structure optimization.


A method for preventing a lateral vibration of a tower of a wind energy plant with at least two rotor blades with adjustable pitch angles includes a step of determining (341, 342, 343) of a manipulated variable for adjusting the angle of attack, based on information about a pitching moment, a yaw moment the tower head. In this case, a counteracting torque is generated when the angle of incidence are adjusted based on the manipulated variable which counteracts the pitching moment and the yaw moment without exciting a transverse oscillation of the tower.


[2179-89-7] C30H28N4 (MW 444.58)

InChI = 1S/C30H28N4/c1-5-13-25(14-6-1)31-21-22-32(26-15-7-2-8-16-26)29(31)30-33(27-17-9-3-10-18-27)23-24-34(30)28-19-11-4-12-20-28/h1-20H,21-24H2

InChIKey = PIKIZMYRKVCCBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N

(electron-rich alkene; useful for formylation of arenes1)

Physical Data: mp 285 °C (dec).

Form Supplied in: prepared from 1,2-dianilinoethane and triethyl orthoformate.2

Handling, Storage, and Precautions: easily autoxidized; reagent that has oxidized may be upgraded by washing with CH2Cl2;2 store under dry nitrogen; reagent readily reacts with protic solvents, e.g. MeOH,1 and hydrolyzes in the presence of weak acid3 or basic1 media.


The objective of this paper is to present a theoretical evaluation of the capabilities of low strain integrity tests in estimating the pile length and integrity of PCC pile,a type of large diameter thin-wall cast-in-place concrete pile.One-dimensional and three-dimensional finite element modelling are performed to gain an understanding of the dynamic response of intact and defective PCC pile subjected to impulse loads.The three-dimensional effects in low strain integrity test of PCC pile are studied in detail.The result shows that the impact response of a PCC pile is affected by bending vibration,longitudinal vibration and waves reflected between the side boundaries at the surface of pile top.Based on the numerical results,suggested guidelines for selection of the locations of the hammer impact point and the recording point and test results interpretation of this new type of pile are given.


In recent decades, the growth of online education practices has been remarkable, aimed at promoting different types of knowledge and also professional training. In this scenario, massive and open online courses (known by the acronym MOOCs) gained greater visibility. In this modality, there is a centrality, in the pedagogical design, of the presence of educational videos. On the other hand, there are studies that characterize the role of emotions as fundamental, capable of accelerating or disturbing the learning process. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the perceptions and emotions of users when watching videos made available in a MOOC, aiming to define guidelines for those who intend to develop videos for MOOCs. The research took place in four stages, the first being a bibliographic review and definition of the method for inferring emotions. The method chosen was the analysis of facial expressions, through the use of the online tool EZ-MMLA ToolKit, which captures the image and defines the emotions, considering the basic


Most criticism centers on the first element, and describes the cosmology of fantasy worlds. While such discussions do show the differences between fantasy worlds and the world we call real, they do not account for the particular effect of a particular novel. The invention of interesting worlds is not always accompanied by the ability to write about them well; our delight in fantasy is not merely our pleasure in the peculiarities of fantasy worlds.


A Hamiltonian formulation of generic many-particle systems with space-dependent balanced loss and gain coefficients is presented. It is shown that the balancing of loss and gain necessarily occurs in a pair-wise fashion. Further, using a suitable choice of co-ordinates, the Hamiltonian can always be reformulated as a many-particle system in the background of a pseudo-Euclidean metric and subjected to an analogous inhomogeneous magnetic field with a functional form that is identical with space-dependent loss/gain co-efficient.The resulting equations of motion from the Hamiltonian are a system of coupled Liénard-type differential equations. Partially integrable systems are obtained for two distinct cases, namely, systems with (i) translational symmetry or (ii) rotational invariance in a pseudo-Euclidean space. A total number of m+1 integrals of motion are constructed for a system of 2m particles, which are in involution, implying that two-particle systems are completely integrable. A few exact solutions for both the cases are presented for specific choices of the potential and spacedependent gain/loss co-efficients, which include periodic stable solutions. Quantization of the system is discussed with the construction of the integrals of motion for specific choices of the potential and gain-loss coefficients. A few quasi-exactly solvable models admitting bound states in appropriate Stoke wedges are presented.


The first bright objects to form in the Universe at redshift $z \sim 10-20$ might have been Dark Stars, made primarily of hydrogen and helium but powered by dark matter. In this study, we investigate the detectability of Supermassive Dark Stars (SMDS) by the Roman Space Telescope. RST will be able to detect SMDSs at redshifts as high as $z\simeq 14$. In cases with gravitational lensing factors of $\mu\sim 100$, RST will be able to find SMDS as small as $\sim10^4 M_{\odot}$ at $z\sim 12$ with $\sim 10^6$ s of exposure. To differentiate SMDS from early galaxies containing zero metallicity stars at similar redshifts, we compare their spectra, photometry in RST bands, color indexes and image morphology. With RST alone, the differentiation is possible only for limited cases: SMDS formed via"adiabatic contraction"(DM pulled into the star via gravity alone) with $M\gtrsim 10^5M_{\odot}$ and lensed by $\mu\gtrsim 30$ have distinct photometric signatures from those of the first galaxies. For SMDSs formed via"dark matter capture,"their spectra are degenerate to those of many galaxies with little to no nebular emission. Thus with RST alone, the only way to tell them apart from first galaxies would be via image morphology: i.e. point object (SMDSs) vs. extended object (sufficiently magnified galaxies). However, if the same objects are further examined by JWST spectroscopy, a"smoking gun"for detection of SMDS is the HeII $\lambda$1640 absorption line. While RST does not cover the wavelength band required to find this line (for $z_{\rm emi}\gtrsim 10$), JWST does. Hence the two detectors can be used together in identifying SMDS. The confirmed detection of any SMDSs will provide evidence for a new type of star, powered by dark matter. Moreover, such massive stars can also be natural progenitors of the supermassive black holes powering the extremely bright quasars observed at $z\gtrsim 6$.


doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.15447/sfews.2016v14iss2art3 The UnTRIM hydrodynamic model was applied to San Francisco Bay and the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta (Delta) using a coarse-resolution model grid with bathymetry represented at a finer subgrid scale. We simulated a 35-year period, spanning from January 1, 1980 through December 31, 2014. This simulation was used to develop salinity distribution maps to facilitate visualization of fish distribution and abundance data. We compared predicted salinity from the coarse-grid UnTRIM Bay–Delta model to continuous salinity monitoring observations as well to the measured surface salinity from San Pablo Bay through the Delta at a total of 5,542 times and locations where surface salinity was observed as part of several long-term fish monitoring programs: the Fall Midwater Trawl, Summer Townet Survey, and San Francisco Bay Study. The coarse-grid UnTRIM Bay–Delta model was shown to accurately predict hydrodynamics and the spatial distribution of salinity over both a 3-year detailed validation period and over the full 35-year analysis period. The predicted salinity was used to calculate the daily position of X2 and the daily-averaged area of the Low Salinity Zone (LSZ) for each day during the 35-year simulation. Our analysis highlights the influence of multi-year climate patterns, shorter-duration weather patterns, and Delta outflow on salinity distribution. We used the predicted salinity to develop maps of salinity distribution over seven periods for six fish species, and combined the salinity maps with historic fish sampling data to allow for visualization of fish abundance and distribution for 33 years between 1980 and 2012. These maps can be used to explore how different species respond to annual differences in salinity distributions in the San Francisco Estuary, and to expand the understanding of the relationships among salinity and fish abundance, distribution, and population resiliency.


Fehlings MG, Badhiwala JH, Ahn H, et al. Safety and efficacy of riluzole in patients undergoing decompressive surgery for degenerative cervical myelopathy (CSM-Protect): a multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet Neurol. 2020.


Abstract : The accuracy of the Aeronautical Engine Laboratory (AEL) free water detector results was evaluated on samples on JP-5 fuel with controlled free water content, prepared in a 20-gpm pumping loop and in a batch-blending system. In the loop tests, AEL ratings were unaffected by fuel flow variables or sampling time but were affected by sample size and sampling method. Ratings on 500-ml line samples were about three times the amounts of water injected. In the batch-blending system, ratings on 500-ml samples were about twice the amounts of water injected in closed-system operations. When moisture exchange between fuel and atmosphere was permitted, the numerical agreement between ratings and water contents was closer, as would be expected since the AEL standards were established on that basis. Closed-system sample ratings were affected linearly by sample volume, with 275 ml giving the best agreement of AEL rating and water content. Results on inhibited fuels were less clear-cut. (Author)


In this work, we have used the basic techniques for measuring the gamma rays by using a sodium iodide detector that is thallium activated ( ) to study the decay schemes and the energy spectrum of cobalt  and sodium  isotopes. We have obtained in this work: The detector calibration and the resolution of a spectrometer. The spectrum of cobalt  and sodium  isotopes. The experimental and analytical study of the decay schemes and the energy spectrum of both isotopes Cobalt  and Sodium The comparison of energy lines of the energy spectrum with exited states of the exited nucleus  and  produced from cobalt  and sodium . Comparing the results obtained with the results available in this field, indicates a very good agreement. تم، في هذا العمل، استخدام تقنيات قياس أشعة غاما باستعمال كاشف من يوديد الصوديوم  المشاب بالتاليوم  لدراسة مخططات التفكك والطيوف الطاقية للنظيرين المشعين الكوبالت  والصوديوم ، حيث تم في هذا العمل: الحصول على معايرة الكاشف  وقدرة فصله. الحصول على الطيوف الطاقية لكل من النظيرين المشعين الكوبالت  والصوديوم . الدراسة التجريبية والتحليلية لمخططات التفكك والطيوف الطاقية للنظيرين المشعين الكوبالت  والصوديوم . مقارنة الخطوط الطاقية للطيوف الطاقية مع السويات المحرضة للنواتين  و  الناتجتين عن تفكك النظيرين المشعين الكوبالت  والصوديوم . تشير مقارنة النتائج التي تم الحصول عليها مع النتائج المتوفرة في هذا المجال إلى تطابق جيد جدا.


Block diagonalization (BD) is a downlink multiuser multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) strategy that utilizes transmitter channel state information (CSI). This paper proposes a practical uplink MIMO scheme for time division duplex (TDD) systems to co-exist with BD, so that the CSI of the BD channels is used also in the uplink transmission. It is shown that the precoded pilot symbols are sufficient in both uplink and downlink to satisfy the needs of both transmission and reception. The capacity of the system is analyzed in conjunction with linear receivers in a time-varying fading channel. According to the results the proposed uplink strategy provides capacity gain over non-precoded transmission, without being sensitive to Doppler.


Background: Daily Challenge is a publicly available web-based health intervention with an integrated social network derived from Facebook. Social ties within the system provide social support and influence, driving engagement and adherence. We aimed to promote user-generated invitations and ultimately, the formation of friendships within the program. Upon enrollment in the Daily Challenge the system dynamically creates a representation of their local friendship network pulled directly from Facebook's data stores. We hypothesized that social network analysis could be used to enhance the process of tie formation by pre-selecting and suggesting Facebook friends to become contacts within the Daily Challenge.

Objective: We sought to compare a network based recommendation algorithm with a random algorithm on their ability to generate successful invites.

Methods: We randomized 6,020 Daily Challenge members over a 33-day period to be presented with either a random selection of suggested Facebook friends or a algorithm selected set. We analyzed past invites and determined the social network characteristics of successful and unsuccessful invites. This data was used to create recommendation algorithm designed to optimize the probability of generating a successful invite. For each of a Daily Challenge user's Facebook friends, the algorithm evaluates four factors that influenced probability of invitation success: 1) social network position (betweeness); 2) social network density (local clustering coefficient); 3) number of invitations previously received; 4) whether s/he shares last name with the user. The algorithm computes a score and ranks the Facebook friends by probability of accepting an invite. The highest-ranked friends, i.e., the friends who are more likely to be sent and to accept an invite, are recommended to the user for invite.

Results: Our recommendation algorithm performed 237% better than the random algorithm in generating successful invites, although the difference was only marginally significant (3.77 vs. 1.59 conversions per thousand recommendations; p = 0.067). Daily Challenge users agreed to invite 74% more friends recommended by our algorithm than by a random algorithm (45.5 vs. 26.2 invites per thousand recommendations; p 0.05) but did not meet criteria for statistical significance.

Conclusions: A social network analysis based algorithm generated more invites than a random selection algorithm, but the increased number of invitations did translate into a statistically significant increase in new connections. Implementation and study considerations will be discussed. []


Systems described herein, PCIe device is available on the host system in which a plurality of PCIe topology and configuration changes. In some cases, PHY and PCIe multiple changes are used to increase the number of applications and / or specifications to satisfy the host interface design. Furthermore, some of the systems described herein, to produce a host interface which may be configured for multiple applications, multiple synchronizer clock multiplier unit, and may include a selector. Flexibility of system specifications disclosed herein is increased, but the cost can be reduced by using the system of the present disclosure for the PCIe-based devices. .Field


In the context of the gradual shortage of fossil energy and serious pollution, the voice of energy transformation is increasing year by year. With the development of Internet and artificial intelligence, the smart energy is getting more and more attention, and it is also the key direction of the upgrading of the world energy industry. In this process, in order to better understand its development and effectively guide the future construction and development of smart energy, appropriate and reasonable evaluation is essential. In the past few years, some researchers have put forward some evaluation methods for smart energy systems, and have achieved some good results. However, only traditional evaluation methods are used which are more subjective. Therefore, the application of machine learning method in the evaluation of smart energy system is worth trying and studying. Starting from the requirements of energy system and human development, this paper first introduces the emergence and development of smart energy and its evaluation methods. Simultaneously indicating the necessity of evaluation. Then the formation of the evaluation index system is briefly introduced. Secondly, machine learning algorithm models such as support vector machines, decision trees, and BP neural networks used are introduced respectively. Finally, experiments are carried out to train the model, and then comparing and analyzing the results. The final results show that the machine learning method plays a good role in the research of smart energy system evaluation, which is worthy of further research.


The process of reproduction of single flux quantum pulses in a Josephson junction chain composed of a pulse generator, a balanced comparator, and a single Josephson junction is investigated. It is shown that the reproduction of single flux quantum pulses in such a chain is more stable and the mean and the standard deviation of switching time are minimal for the McCumber-Stewart parameter value from 0.5 to 1 and for a normalized clock generator current around 1.5. The influence of input and output inductances on the characteristics of a balanced comparator is investigated. The recommended value of the output inductance leading to smooth pulses and relatively small jitter is around unity.


Empirical tight‐binding (ETB) calculations have been used in extensive searches for new point defect structures in pure silicon as well as silicon doped with boron. In general, these searches, which use a steepest‐descents energy minimization from random starting structures, have produced the same set of simple defects in pure silicon (tetrahedral interstitials, split interstitials, and simple vacancies) which have been widely studied. However, a variety of boron interstitials, and several new di‐interstitials (with and without boron) have been discovered. Similarities between these defects and defects found in ab initio and classical studies are discussed, as well as the accuracy of the theoretical results in general. A Stillinger–Weber (SW) model for Si–B interactions has been developed in order to obtain vibrational entropies for simple point defects. Using the SW potential, concentration prefactors have been obtained, and traditional Arrhenius plots for concentration have been produced. The theoretica...


Government must be responsive to the demand of its citizens, who are the customers in a knowledge information society. Since 1998 Ministry of Construction and Transportation has developed the Land Management Information System(LMIS) for developing successful strategy of the responsiveness of the public needs and efficient the land administration. The purpose of this paper is to suggest the successful strategy for the responsiveness of the public needs for the land-related laws. To accomplish this, the methods of literature survey and questionnaire were used. The scope of this research deals with the local governments which have already constructed or now constructing LMIS. Followings are the major findings of this empirical research. First, the level of supply for the related land laws was very low as compared to the administration needs of the customers at the local government. Second, both quantities and qualities of the customers needs for the related-land laws have been steadily increased. As a result, the research indicates that most of those strategies needs to be computerized from the land-related laws.


Traffic and sea shipping industry are perhaps the most important economic activities in modern economic and social development of the world. Basic features and the meaning of sea shipping industry, as one of the constituent parts of multimodal transport, emerge primarily from special characteristics of the sea as a transportation way. Ports represent a great economic power; they play an essential role in the international and national economies, as well as in the global commodity exchange. They are of special importance because they are primary starting points for marine economy development. Numerous factors are relevant for the role and development of ports and port systems, and the most important ones include natural characteristics of ports, such as the depth and spatiality of the port maritime zone, shelter from


This paper analyses a model of vertical product differentiation in which there is a primary market with two firms and a secondary market with no firms. Consumers in the secondary market incur a cost when purchasing the product from the primary market. The firms sequentially choose product quality and then simultaneously choose prices. Firm 1 always chooses the maximum quality, while firm 2''s quality and the prices depend on the cost. Also, the cost determines which firm(s), if either, serves the secondary market. It is shown that the firms and the consumers of each market prefer different levels of costs.


Land rights can be transferred or transferred to other parties. The transfer of land rights means that the ownership of the land rights is transferred by law or by itself. However, in practice, there are many violations of the transfer of land rights without the consent of the heirs. This study will analyze the problem of the transfer of land rights whose object is the object of a land dispute in accordance with the case that occurred in the Supreme Court Decision Number 723 PK/PDT/2017. The purpose of this study is to find out, analyze, and describe: (1) whether the transfer of land rights without the consent of the heirs can be declared valid and has legal force; and (2) what are the legal consequences of the transfer of land rights without expert approval. The results of this study indicate that: (1) The acquisition of property rights to land can occur through inheritance from the heir to his legal heirs in accordance with what is stipulated in the UUPA; and (2) legal protection for heirs whose rights have been impaired on the transfer of rights to inherited land that are controlled and used without the consent of their heirs based on Article 1365 are against the law, so that they are given the right to file a lawsuit in order to defend their inheritance rights by proving that they are legal heirs.


Background The Patient Acceptable Symptom State (PASS) is a symptom state that a patient considers acceptable. No prior study has determined the PASS for the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, the Simple Shoulder Test (SST), and the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) pain score after shoulder arthroplasty. The purpose of this study was to determine the PASS for the ASES score, the SST score, and VAS pain for patients treated with a total shoulder arthroplasty. Methods A total of 326 patients had a primary anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) or primary reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) by 1 of 5 shoulder and elbow surgeons at 1 of 2 institutions. Each patient completed the SST, ASES score, and a VAS pain preoperatively and at a minimum of 2 years postoperative (average 3.5 years). The PASS value for the ASES score, SST, and VAS pain was calculated. Results The PASS for the ASES score, SST, and VAS pain was 76, 8.4, and 1.5, respectively. Neither hand dominance nor age had a significant effect on PASS for SST, VAS, and ASES (P > .05). Gender had significant effect on SST and ASES scores with P-values of < .01 and .034, respectively. Duration of follow-up is correlated with VAS (P = .004) but not with ASES or SST scores. Conclusions Patients treated with a shoulder arthroplasty consider ASES score of 76, SST score of 8.4, and a VAS pain level of 1.5 to be acceptable symptomatic states. Females typically consider a slightly higher ASES and SST score to reach an acceptable state.


The main aim of the presented research was to examine the interaction between student's gender and achievements in learning concepts of electricity via STEAM integrated approach utilizing Scratch. This research was aimed to determine the gender disparity for lower-secondary school students in learning about the concepts of electricity. Quasi-experimental design involving male and female groups was used in this research. Students were required to utilize Scratch to design games and animated stories on electricity concepts. The Electricity Achievement Test (EAT) was administered for pre- and post-test. The findings proved that the STEAM integrated approach via Scratch could narrow the gap between male and female in learning concepts of electricity. The findings of ANCOVA indicated that the intervention had similar positive effects on male and female students' achievement in learning concepts of electricity. This research also provided a new method and an alternate connective framework for learning concepts of electricity via art and showed that both males and females were able to understand the topic of electricity, which reduced gender biases and disparity in the field of science.
Keywords: electricity achievement level, Gender gap, Scratch, STEAM integrated approach.


the last few years a large number of internet users are increasing additionally different companies, banks and service providers are providing services online. So various sensitive and financial data are becomes online now in these days. This aspect of internet users are an evolution for us but the dark side of this advantage is too hard to accept, because of hackers and intruders are working between end clients and service providers. A secure and efficient technique is required to detect and prevent the attacks over the network transaction. In this paper we make a survey about various attacks and their problems and establish a problem statement for finding the optimum solution for the problem arises. In addition of that here we propose a system architecture for future simulation of security in internet based security. Keywordsbased security, phishing, detection, system architecture


By using SSFM simulator of finite element method, this paper presents the simulation of tectonic stress field in the southern margin of Junggar basin during Himalayan movement. The results show that the southern margin of Junggar basin during Himalayan movement is in compressional environment on the whole and characterized by compressive stress. The high value zone of maximum principal stress is mainly distributed in the north Tianshan mountain and its front, and the low value zone of it is at Bogda mountain. From south to north at the west section of the southern margin of Junggar basin, the high-to-low stress trend appears, but at the east section the stress trend is from low to high in circle way from Bogda mountain to surroundings. The minimum principal stress trajectory assumes zonal distribution with trend NWW at the west section and arch distribution at the east section, similar to the faulting strike and major structural line. At last, this paper discusses the dynamic mechanism of forming stress field of the southern margin of Junggar basin during Himalayan movement by study of these stress fields.


Small sawmills often are criticized on the lack of dimensional control in their products. The opportunities presented for increasing yields by control are discussed in this paper together with the realization of increased profit to the operator.


origin of the disease (gout), and at the same time to explain the various anomalies that belong to all other theories, but which leads to the adoption of a mode of treatment as scientific and asksuccessful as that adopted for the majority of diseases." By the term " cause," Mr. Parkin would be understood to refer to that primary or original cause, which produces the gouty diathesis, or morbid state of the system, and not those predisposing


The interdiffusion and thermal diffusion coefficients for the components of a binary mixture of two-dimensional gases were calculated within the framework of the model of rapid collisions. Numerical estimates were performed for a mixture of hydrogen atoms and water molecules on the surface. For a gas composed of species of a given type, the surface diffusion coefficient was demonstrated to be lower than the bulk diffusion coefficient.


Background Singapore saw an escalation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases from under 4,000 in April 2020 to over 40,000 in June 2020 largely attributed to spread within shared facilities housing foreign workers. Appropriate triage and escalation of clinical care are critical for this patient group managed in community care facilities (CCFs). Purpose To evaluate the imaging guideline recommendations for COVID-19 from the Fleischner Society and analyze the clinical utility of chest radiograph screening for asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic patients with COVID-19. Materials and Methods In this retrospective study, patients with COVID-19 confirmed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) who were admitted to Singapore Expo, a designated CCF, for continuation of their management during May 3-31, 2020 were identified. Upon admission, patients aged 36 and older without any baseline chest imaging received a chest radiograph. All chest radiographs and clinical outcomes of patients including those who were subsequently transferred to acute hospitals for escalation of care were reviewed. Key proportions of patients with findings of pulmonary infection and those requiring further inpatient treatment were calculated, and 95% binomial proportion confidence intervals obtained using the Clopper-Pearson method. Results The study included 5,621 patients: all men 100% (5,621/5,621), mean age 37 ± 8 years (range 17-60). A total of 1,964 chest radiographs were performed of which normal accounted for 98.0% (1,925/1,964) and findings of pulmonary infection represented 2.0% (39/1,964). Only 0.2% (4/1,964) with chest radiograph findings of pulmonary infection (all of whom were symptomatic) required supplemental oxygenation and inpatient treatment. None of the asymptomatic patients with findings of pulmonary infection required supplemental oxygenation, and they received only symptomatic treatment. Conclusion In accordance with Fleischner Society recommendations, chest radiograph screening for patients with COVID-19 aged 17-60 with mild or no symptoms is not indicated unless there is risk of clinical deterioration. See also the editorial by Schaefer-Prokop and Prokop.


Background:  World wide spreading on an alarming rate the new non-communicable disease with less paid attention as compared to other nutritional studies: Obesity is catching the attention of medical practioners and policy makers alike. Obesity trends are causing serious public health concerns not only in developed countries but also in the 3 rd world countries (developing nations) like ours, as they are causing excusive burden on the viability of already compromised health care system. Objective:  This report present the urban anthropometric data of school going children of the state which came into existence not long ago, with varied health needs and limited health care resources:  the state of Chhattisgarh. The study states the prevalence of obesity and overweight among school children of Raigarh district and focuses on tabulating  BMI charts for  Chhattisgarh State  population' as a data base is not available for the same till date. Materials Methods: Data was collected from school going children of an urban school at Raigarh aged between 4-19 years for both girls and boys. Data was subjected to statistical analysis and results obtained were compared with the WHO guidelines and also postulated by Indian Academy of Paediatrics. Total 4421 students were subjected towards anthropometric measurements. Result:  The overall prevalence of obesity (i.e. Subjects having BMI more than 95 th percentile) was 5.01 percent. Among boys it was 4.98 percent whereas among girls it was observed at 5.05 percent. Overweight children who ranged between 85 th  to 95 th percentiles recorded a total share of 9.97 percent which was seen as 10 percent in boys and 9.92 percent in girls. But in adolescent age groups the prevalence calculated was far more than expected. Conclusion:  This latest data adds to the knowledge about the obesity trends in the newly developing state of Chhattisgarh and requires timely intervention by health authorities for its control. DOI:  http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i5.12191 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(5) 2015 41-46


In this paper, I demonstrate that the position of the postcolonial 'Self' in Malaysia is legitimized through inherited imperial mechanisms of power, both structural and ideological. The emergence of this 'new-Self' was situated in colonial discursive practices that positioned it as an 'Other' under British colonial rule. As such, this creates unexpected binds for the 'new-Self', particularly as it negotiates its relations with a number of 'new-Others'. Up to the present, indigeneity has remained the main basis for legitimizing political power and the economic redistribution of wealth. However, this remains persuasive only when it is seen as primordial and timeless, essentially located in certain individuals in an unchallengeable manner. This basis of power, I argue, produces anxiety for the 'Malay' new-Self, for its claims to being essentially 'indigenous' come under questioning when Malay identity construction is set vis-a`-vis the Orang Asli (the 'aborigines' of the Malaysian Peninsula). I review the ways such anxieties have been managed in Malay responses to the Orang Asli, an ambivalent combination of acknowledgement, administration, rejection, and transformation. I argue that the 'programme of progress' that has been imposed upon the Orang Asli — which minimizes differences between them and the Malay 'new-Self' — masks the desire of the 'new-Self' for the impeccability and exclusivity of Orang Asli claims to indigeneity, a dual mimicry that continues to be repressed and transferred by constructing the Orang Asli as 'not quite/not Malay'.


Radiotherapy is a crucial component of cancer care, employed in the treatment of over 50% of cancer patients. Patients undergoing image-guided radiotherapy or brachytherapy routinely have inert radiotherapy (RT) biomaterials implanted into their tumors. The single function of these RT biomaterials is to ensure geometric accuracy during treatment. Recent studies have proposed that the inert biomaterials could be upgraded to 'smart' RT biomaterials, designed to do more than one function. Such smart biomaterials include next generation fiducial markers, brachytherapy spacers, and balloon applicators, designed to respond to stimulus and perform additional desirable functions like controlled delivery of therapy-enhancing payloads directly into the tumor subvolume, while minimizing normal tissue toxicities. More broadly, smart RT biomaterials may include functionalized nanoparticles that can be activated to boost radiotherapy efficacy. This work reviews the rationale for smart radiotherapy biomaterials, the state-of-the-art in this emerging cross-disciplinary research area, challenges/opportunities for further research and development, and a purview of potential clinical applications. Applications covered include using smart RT biomaterials for boosting cancer therapy with minimal side effects, combining radiotherapy with immunotherapy or chemotherapy, reducing treatment time or healthcare costs, and other incipient applications. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. HHS Public Access Author manuscript Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2018 March 01. Published in final edited form as: Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2017 March 01; 97(3): 624–637. doi:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2016.10.034. A uhor M anscript


The Organosulfide compounds (OSCs) of garlic, Diallyl sulfide (DAS), Diallyl disulfide (DADS) and Diallyl trisulfide (DATS) have chemopreventive effects on several cancers including breast cancer. Previously we have shown that co‐exposure of benzo(a)pyrene(BaP), and OSCs has lead to a decrease in lipid peroxides thereby reducing DNA strand breaks while inducing cell cycle arrest in MCF‐10A cells. Therefore, these data led us to hypothesize that the mechanism of OSCs' attenuation of BaP induced DNA damage in these cells occurs via alterations in the expression of cell cycle and DNA repair genes. To prove this hypothesis, CDKN1A (p21), BCL2L1, DNA polymerase beta and epsilon expression were determined via RTPCR and protein expression via western blot analysis in MCF‐10A cells after 24 hours using the following treatments: 0.1% DMSO control, 1 μM BaP alone, 60 μM OSC, or 1 μM BaP/60 μM OSC co‐exposure. After co‐exposure to DATS, a significant (p<0.05) increase was observed in p21, BCL2L, DNA polymerase beta, and epsilon gene expression when compared to control and BaP alone. DADS coexposure caused a significant (p<0.05) increase in DNA polymerase beta and p21 gene expression when compared to control and BaP alone. Protein expression studies indicated that coexposure to DAS, DADS and DATS significantly (p<0.05) increased DNA polymerase beta expression when compared to control and BaP alone. These results indicate that the chemopreventive effects observed in OSCs may be occurring via an increase in gene and protein expression of DNA repair genes involved in base excision repair.


Background/ Aim: A high polar xanthophyll of Fucoxanthin (Fx) is abundantly contained in edible brown algae, and it has chemopreventive effects in mouse cancer models, however, the underlying mechanisms of these effects are not well understood. Thus, we aimed to investigate the effects of Fx on the tumor microenvironment in cancer model mice. Materials and Methods: We investigated the effect of Fx (30 mg/kg body weight) in a variety of cell types within the tumor microenvironment of α mouse preclinical colorectal cancer model and analyzed the mouse saliva in search of predictors for cancer chemopreventive effects. Results: Fx administration significantly decreased the number of colorectal polyps and tended to decrease colonic lesions compared to untreated control mice. In addition, Fx administration showed significantly lower numbers of colorectal cancer stem cells-like CD44high/EpCAMhigh cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts-like αSMAhigh cells, tumor-associated macrophages-like and dendritic cells-like CD206high cells by 0.6-, 0.5- and 0.6-fold, respectively, compared to untreated control mice. Moreover, the treatment also showed significantly lower levels of salivary glycine by 0.5-fold. Conclusion: Our results suggest that salivary glycine may be a predictor representing the chemopreventive effect of Fx in mice.


We present initial results from a survey of the Orion A and B molecular clouds made with the InfraRed Array Camera (IRAC) onboard the Spitzer Space Telescope. This survey encompasses a total of 5.6 square degrees with the sensitivity to detect objects below the hydrogen burning limit at an age of 1 Myr. These observations cover a number of known star forming regions, from the massive star forming clusters in the Orion Nebula and NGC 2024, to small groups of low mass stars in the L1641. We combine the IRAC photometry with photometry from the 2MASS point source catalog and use the resulting seven band data to identify stars with infrared excesses due to dusty disks and envelopes. Using the presence of an infrared excess as an indicator of youth, we show the distribution of young stars and protostars in the two molecular clouds. We find that roughly half of the stars are found in dense clusters surrounding the two regions of recent massive star formation in the Orion clouds, NGC 2024 and the Orion Nebula.


Abstract: A drastic increase can be seen in food waste. As per data given by Food and Agriculture Organization , 1/3rd of food produced for human consumption is wasted globally . It accounts for almost 1.3 billion tons per year. As per WHO, 20% of the population face extreme food shortages. Hence there is a need to come up with a solution that can avoid food waste and can help feed the needy.


This study investigates the performance of the NESDIS Hydro Estimator (HE) rainfall algorithm against observations taken from the North American Monsoon Experiment (NAME) program. A recent rainfall observation network established in NAME program provides precipitation measurements of convective origin over large complex topographical areas while comprehensive validations of the satellite-estimated precipitation characteristics such as the frequency, intensity, diurnal evaluation and its relation to the complex regional topography have been absent to date due to the unavailability of pre-existing dense observation network. The independence of the HE on radar data, on the other hand, makes its applicability appropriate for mountainous regions. The rainfall estimates are validated against the measurements obtained through Aug 2 to Sep 14, 2002 to report whether the results from the HE is capable of capturing terrain-induced precipitation characteristics. It seems that satellite estimates are able to capture main characteristics of terrain-induced precipitation during this comparison period.


The present invention while protecting the privacy of the content use-side, there is provided an information processing method for a content providing side defines the use of the appropriate content to the content-using. The server device 4, the home network system (8) from, and transmits a utilization form information specified for the used type in each of the internal states of the plurality of content-using the content information. The home network system (8) is determined on the basis of the utilization form of the content information received from the content providing apparatus 2 to the internal state information and the utilization form information indicating the internal state of the home network system (8).


The present invention provides an image projection apparatus and an image projection method. The image projection apparatus includes a projection unit that projects a pattern image on a projection surface; an image capturing unit that captures the projected pattern image; and a corrector that corrects the captured image so that an imaging distortion caused due to image capturing and a projection distortion caused due to projection are corrected. The projection unit projects the corrected captured image at a predetermined position on the projection surface.


In medicine, we depend on the medical literature. However, what we cannot see — what is missing from the literature — might also be important. In the


Background and Aim:  Obesity associated hepatic steatosis has been suggested to have a premalignant potential. We determined whether hepatic steatosis predisposes to liver cancer in persons with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.


The study concerns a novel contactless sensor system based on a multifunctional magnetostrictive bilayer material. The permeability of the bilayer ribbons is sensitive either to bending or temperature. The higher order harmonics which are generated by the bilayer in response to a magnetic interrogation field are detected. Their amplitudes depend on the bilayer's permeability, hence on the quantity to be measured. The detection of the third harmonics proved to be most efficient. The sensor system enabled contactless measurements with a distance up to 1 m using a bilayer of only 80 mm in length and 0,1 mm in thickness.


Brugada syndrome mainly affects men in the third and fourth decade of life. It presents with a typical electrocardiographic pattern, unmasked by sodium channel blocking drugs or hyperpyrexia. A 36–year–old young man, with no reported cardiovascular risk factors or family history of sudden death, had convulsions and loss of consciousness during hyperpyrexia, for which family members alerted the local emergency service. During transport to the hospital, the vital parameters and heart rhythm were normal, but, due to the onset of seizures, the patient was sedated, intubated and hospitalized in intensive care unit (ICU). The ECG performed at the entrance (in the course of hyperpyrexia) showed a dubious type 1 Brugada pattern (Figure 1). The echocardiogram (as well as the subsequent cardiac resonance) showed the absence of cardiac structural alterations. Prompt treatment of hyperpyrexia was recommended, the use of drugs listed on brugadadrugs.org was contraindicated and careful ECG monitoring was recommended. Non–sustained ventricular tachycardia was documented during the hospitalization in ICU. When the clinical picture stabilized with resumption of spontaneous breathing, the patient was transferred to our ICU for continuation of the diagnostic and therapeutic process (Figure 2). From the interview with the patient, a previous paroxysmal tachycardia from atrio–ventricular reentry emerged in antiarrhythmic prophylaxis for several years with Propafenone and subsequently treated with catheter ablation of the right lateral accessory path. Considering the lack of documentation of complex ventricular arrhythmias by the 118 during transport to the hospital and during the stay in the UTIC, the long antiarrhythmic therapy with sodium channel inhibitors, as well as the absence of a typical Brugada pattern during fever, we decide to perform a Flecainide test (2 mg / Kg in 10 '), negative result for Brugada type 1 pattern (Figure 2) In the following days, considering the absolute negativity of all the neuroradiological and EEG investigations, not having found the cause of the loss of consciousness during hyperpyrexia, we performed ajmaline test (1 mg / kg in 100 cc of SG5% in 10 ') with the identification of the diagnostic pattern type 1 (Figure 3). Finally, the implantation of a subcutaneous cardioverting defibrillator (S–ICD) was performed.


This study aimed to determine the readiness of guidance designates and advisers in the implementation of homeroom guidance program in public elementary and secondary schools in District II, Division of Antipolo City, during the School Year 2022 - 2023. Furthermore, it sought to explore the relationship between the profile of the respondents and the readiness of guidance designates and advisers in the implementation of homeroom guidance program. And lastly, it attempted to discover the problems encountered by the respondents in the implementation of homeroom guidance program. This study used the quantitative descriptive design and was conducted in 34 different public elementary school and 14 secondary school in District II Division of Antipolo City, Rizal. The participants of this study were 48 guidance designates and advisers. The study utilized a questionnaire checklist as the main instrument, which consists of three parts. The first part focused on the profile of the respondents, the second part focused on the readiness of guidance designates and advisers in implementing the homeroom guidance program along with program implementation, administrative skills, delivery process, assessment of learner's development, and supervision of homeroom guidance and the third part of focused on the problems encountered by the respondents in implementing the homeroom guidance program. The study found that majority of the respondents are female, in early adulthood stage, married, holding a teacher II teaching position, with master's unit in graduate school, and with training related to homeroom guidance program. Program implementation is the central point of the guidance designates and advisers followed by delivery process, administrative skills, supervision, and assessment of learners' development. Age is significantly correlated to the readiness of guidance designates and advisers in implementing homeroom guidance program along with supervision and assessment of learners' development. Limited instructional materials and other teaching and learning resources, limited school facilities and equipment that promote an engaging learning environment, and adversity in addressing different learner's needs and concerns with right interventions are some of the serious problems encountered by the guidance designates and advisers in implementing the homeroom guidance.


This article attempts to develop methodology for assessing criminal TV reports. The subject of this research is the criteria for assessing the quality of criminal TV report. For conducting detailed assessment of criminal TV report, all criteria were divided into four groups: compliance with legal norms; observance of ethical standards; usage of legal terminology; and adherence to technological parameters. For the assessment of first criterion, all legal norms in criminal TV report can be divided into the following categories: appropriate coverage of investigation, coverage trial, and coverage of situation when the offender or the victim is a minor. In assessment of the parameter "usage of legal terminology", it is emphasized that the journalist should apply such terms as "suspect" and "offender" properly. In analysis of the third parameter, we author relies on the criteria proposed by S. A. Muratov. The questions of improvement of TV content, specifically with regards to criminal journalism, remain relevant. This described methodology would help to improve the forms of submission of the materials and heighten the interest of target audience of mass media. The research was conducted in several steps. Firstly, the author examined the structure of criminal content of Arig Us TV channel. Secondly, , carried out classification of criminal TV reports by topic. Thirdly, developed parameters and criteria for quality assessment of criminal TV reports. And finally, at the stage of testing, analyzed the quality of criminal TV reports. The methods used in the course of this research include classification, analysis, and paperwork.


The goal of the study to find the amino acid content qualitatively and quantitatively from Crab shell waste aiding chemically and enzymatically. The extraction of amino acid primarily with separating total protein content from the crab shell which posses protein content of 0.054 mcg by Lowry method .Based on the protein content the crab shell waste was extracted for its total amino acid content chemically-Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate which yielded a amino acid concentration of 0.023 g and the type of amino acid phenylalanine and tryphtophan .Similarly on enzymatic- Proteinase K treatment yielded a amino acid content of 0.096 g and also it possesses different type of amino acid the crab shell waste which include tryotohan, phenylalanine, threonine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, cystine, lysine etc contained in it. The amino acid type was measured at 200 to 500 nm and the ? max was calculated with the standard amino acid .Based on these data the crab shell waste treated with Proteinase K was evaluated for its growth promoting property with the seed cultivation and microbial which exhibited a significant ratio of 297 mg amino acid in seed germination with 7.27 cm shoot development and for microbial population of about 7.68 x 10 8.


The principle of forecasting and suppressing background by using median filter was introduced,and the characters of local median filter and local max-median filter was analyzed.According these characters,a new self-adaptive local median filter using above two filters merits was designed.The experiment proved that the method has the properties of rapid velocity,good filtering effects to process image.


Abstract : In the Haystack Pointing system, errors caused by atmospheric refraction, gravitational deformation of the antenna, skewed axes and resolver error are compensated for by a correction program in the computer which adds the necessary biases to the geometric values of azimuth and elevation to produce an effectively correct aiming of the antenna.


Granular computing is one of the important methods for extracting knowledge from data and has got great achievements. However, it is still a puzzle for granular computing researchers to imitate the...


The present contribution briefly describes the application of a class of partial differential equations in the analysis, prediction and control of some aspects of coastal profiles evolution in the "medium term" period (order of years). Their potential use and practical justification lays mainly in engineering purposes which ask for the evaluation of the effects and the effectiveness of human interventions.


Understanding the rheological behavior of foams is important as a basic problem in fluid physics, and as a practical problem in many industries. Foams are tremendously important in a variety of applications. The most important quality of a foam in many of these applications is its response to imposed strain, or its rheological behavior. Yet there exists almost no experimental data on the rheological properties of real 3‐D foams. This is due in large part to the earth‐based requirements for contact containment, and to the fact that gravity‐induced drainage quickly destroys all but the ''driest'' foams. A unique method to provide noncontact control and manipulation of foam samples, via acoustic levitation, is described. This levitation technique, coupled with low‐gravity conditions, will enable investigation of dry (ordered) and wet (disordered) foams. The analysis which will allow determination of a foam's yield stress, effective bulk modulus, and effective bulk viscosity from the observed response of a fo...


Synthetic aperture radar images of sea surface in deep water as well as two candidate instruments that essentially scan along a line are considered for obtaining spectral wave information with SEASAT-A. An altimeter provides data on wave height for every 50 or 100 kilometers along subsatellite track routine. A combination of these instruments is proposed to obtain wind generated ocean waves and swells.


Intermixing effect in type-II Ga0.6In0.4Sb/InAs superlattices is studied. The interdiffusion of both group- III and group V atoms across the heterointerface modifies the superlattices optical properties and electronic structures. The intermixed-induced strain has different effects on the band structure of the respective strained layers. Conduction band is undergone successive changes where the barrier height was initially increased in potential and subsequently became lower than the as-grown one for increasing extent of intermixing. Consequently the confinement profile is tuned from an abrupt interface to a graded shape. Intersubband transition is investigated in the intermixed superlattices where the absorption peak wavelength is red shifted continuously from the as grown 11.7 to the interdiffused 12.5 micrometers . Both the intermixed absorption and responsivity are reducing in magnitude. However, dark current is reduced at initial stage of intermixing as a result of the increase in confinement potential and the effective barrier width. Detectivity at 77 K is enhanced for the intermixed detector from 2.5 X 1011 to 3 X 1011 cm(root)Hz/W, which is comparable to the MCT detector.


Given an infinite-dimensional vector space V, we consider the semigroup GS (m, n) consisting of all injective linear α: V → V for which codim ran α = n, where dim V = m ≥ n ≥ ℵ0. This is a linear version of the well-known Baer–Levi semigroup BL (p, q) defined on an infinite set X, where |X| = p ≥ q ≥ ℵ0. We show that, although the basic properties of GS (m, n) are the same as those of BL (p, q), the two semigroups are never isomorphic. We also determine all left ideals of GS (m, n) and some of its maximal subsemigroups; in this, we follow previous work on BL (p, q) by Sutov and Sullivan as well as Levi and Wood.


Introduction:Acquired immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is caused by Human Immunodeficiency virus leading to profound immunosuppression and its consequences. Depletion of CD4+ T cells is a hallmark of AIDS apart from anaemia, leucopenia and thrombocytopenia. Monitoring of CD4 count is crucial for an effective treatment. Absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) less than 1000/μl i.e. lymphopenia correlates with lower CD4 counts as per various studies and recommendation by the WHO. Detection of lymphopenia and measurement of ALC are routinely obtained parameters using a basic haematology analyser. This study was done to evaluate the role of absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) as an alternative to CD4 count in HIV positive patients. Materials and Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted for the period of two years in the department of Pathology of a tertiary care hospital in western India. 110 HIV positive patients consenting to be the part of the study were included. Complete blood counts (CBC), CD4 and CD8 counts were done for all patients following stringent quality control protocols. Statistical analysis was done to evaluate the correlation between various parameters. Results : 65.5% cases had lymphopenia with an absolute CD4 count <200cells/μ l. Using ROC curve, we found that ALC of less than 575/μl has a significant statistical association with CD4 count of less than 200/μl.Correlation of lymphopenia with CD4:CD8 ratio was not found to be statistically significant in our study. Conclusion : ALC can be considered as a cost effective alternative to absolute CD4 counts in the monitoring of HIV positive patients. © 2020 Published by Innovative Publication. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/)


Adkins, L. and R. A., review K. R. Crouch and S. A. Shanks, Staines: Excavations in Staines 1975-76: the Friends' Burial Ground Site, 341-2 Agricola, 4, 22 f. Agricola, Two 'Topoi' in the, by J. C. Mann, 21-4 alae mentioned: / Thraecum, 331 Allason-Jones, Lindsay, and Roger Miket, The Catalogue of Small Finds from South Shields Roman Fort, reviewed by A. G. MacGregor, 333 Allen, Denise, report on glass from Cold Knap, 107-8 altars: Auchendavy (inscribed), 33 amphitheatres: Silchester, 311 amulets, 241 antefixes: Prestatyn, 252 Antonine Wall examined at: Auchendavy, 29-35; Bar Hill, 32 f., 264; Easter Dullatur, 264 Antonine Wall, Fortlets and Distance Slabs on the, by G. S. Maxwell, 25-8 Applique from Silchester, A Decorative Bronze, by Susan Read and Martin Henig, 242-4 Aqueducts in Britain, Civic, by G. R. Stephens, 197-208 Ardoch (Perths.), inscription, 326 Arnold, C. J., Roman Britain to Saxon England: an Archaeological Study, reviewed by J. N. L. Myres, 334 Arribas, A., Sa Portella: Excavaciones 1957-1963. Pollentia: Estudio de los Materiales /., reviewed by J. and D. G. Bird, 334-5 ascensus: Carlisle, 273 Ashton (Northants.), cemetery, 289 Asklepios, 242, 249 Auchendavy Roman Fort and Settlement, by L. J. F. Keppie and J. J. Walker, 29-35 axes, bronze miniature, 238-41


Entrepreneurship behaviour is a 21st century attribute required for transforming the industrial and employment space into productive ones. Science students are critical towards the achievement of these requirements. To ensure quality entrepreneurship education, science teachers' entrepreneurship background and characteristics become germane. This study, therefore, investigated the extent to which science teachers' entrepreneurship knowledge, attitudes and skills determine their classroom practices in entrepreneurship education in selected Senior Secondary Schools in Lagos, Nigeria. The correlational type of the cross-sectional descriptive research design was adopted. A purposively selected sample of 245 SS2 Science teachers from thirty schools in Lagos mainland, Nigeria participated in the study.  Instruments used were: Teacher Entrepreneurship Knowledge Test (r=.86), Teacher Entrepreneurship Attitudes Scale (r=.89), Teacher Entrepreneurship Skills Inventory (r=.85) and Classroom Practices Rating Scale (r=.89). Data were analysed using Pearson Product Moment Correlation and Multiple Regression. Findings showed strong and significant bivariate relationships between each of teachers knowledge (r=.59), attitudes r=.55), skills (r=.52) and classroom practices. The three factors jointly explained 46% of classroom practices with significant relative effects. Teachers require good knowledge, attitudes and skills for effective implementation of entrepreneurship programmes in science education, hence, they need to be exposed to in-service training in entrepreneurial studies.


A high power 1 310 nm InGaAsP/InP multiquantum well distributed feedback laser(MQW DFB LD) with DC PBH structure has been developed by MOCVD/LPE techniques.The fiber output power of module P f is greater than 10 mW at 25 ℃,threshold current I th is less than 18 mA,slope efficiency E s is greater than 0.22 W/A,side mode suppression ratio SMSR is greater than 40 dB and single mode yield Y is greater than 70%.


The paper identifies some of the important characteristics of Students Cantered Learning (SCL). Some of the efforts of promoting SCL are highlighted indicating the presence of SCL features despite lack of systematic promotion of the transformational approach to learning. The efforts include recognition of the relevance of SCL for higher education by the oversight institution and higher education institutions that are responsive to the development needs and the market. The challenges identified include internet connectivity and lack of pedagogical skills and focus on market penetration through distance learning and/ or blended learning that is more or less similar to conventional approach to learning. Additionally, it is observed that SCL capacity being created by standalone projects, experimental in nature, is possibly bringing a change but a more systematic approach institutional wide is needed for the SCL to be main-streamed and to become sustainable. the benefits from SCL and opportunities for transformative learning including exploiting internet connectivity and investing on staff capacity building, are highlighted. The paper is explorative with the purpose of creating broad understanding of the phenomenon that is SCL. This is to pave the way for future quantitative or mixed research methods that could happen sequentially. Data were collected using mix methods including literature, document reviews, and key informant interviews. The study recommends for a more systematic institutional and even sector-wide promotion of SCL and further research to inform policy and practice.


Crude hemicellulose of mature wheat leaves has been prepared by alkaline extraction of leaf holocellulose. Purification by repeated complexing with Fehling′s solution yielded a polyuronide hemicellulose composed of D-xylose (88.5%), L-arabinose (6.90%), and uronic acid anhydride (5.27%). Methylation studies indicated a molecular structure comprising a main xylan chain of 30 an-hydro- D-xylose residues to which three L-arabinose residues and one D-glucuronic acid unit were attached as side chains by glycosidic linkages. Periodate oxidation data supported the proposed structure and the yield of formic acid indicated a molecule containing approximately 32 sugar residues. Estimations of the degree of polymerization of the molecule by measurements of viscosity and reducing power agreed with the foregoing values. The structure of the hemicellulose closely resembled that of one isolated previously from wheat straw.


A comparative experiment has been done on the type,concentration,immersion time and dosage of the lixiviating liquid.The result reveals the best experimental condition for the preparation of manganous carbonate: at normal temperature,put 5.0 g samples into 35 mL 4 mol.L-1 HCl for 18 hours,then removing iron in the solution with 1:6 NH3·H2O,and adding NaCO3 into solution to remove CO2 by water bath,then by way of vacuum filter and oven dry,manganous carbonate is prepared with a production rate of 69.58%,the purity of 91.64% is obtained.


Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of selective galactography in mammary disease with nipple discharge liquid.Methods 56 cases of mammary disease confirmed by clinic and pathology underwent selective galactography were analyzed retrospectively.Results In 56 cases of mammary disease,23 cases were intraductal papilloma,17 cases were mammary duct expansion with inflammatory hyperplasia,9 cases were intraductal carcinoma and 7 cases were fiber cystic disease and lobular hyperplasia of mammary gland respectively.The imaging of selective galactography showed some characteristic features.Conclusions Selective galactography has important diagnostic value in patients with nipple discharge liquid,,can provide useful imaging information to clinic.


In 1990, a broadleaf weed growing on a cattle ranch in Hendry County in southwest Florida was identified as tropical soda apple (Solanum viarum Dunal), a species native to Argentina and Brazil (5) (Figure 1). Tropical soda apple (TSA) was apparently collected in Florida from Glades County in 1988 (University of Florida Herbarium) but was observed on the Hendry County ranch as early as 1987. Having foliage unpalatable to livestock, this noxious weed can infest a pasture or rangeland within one to two years resulting in lower stocking rates (animals per hectare). However, livestock and wildlife (feral hogs, deer, raccoons) will eat the fruit and disseminate the seed via feces. Fruit production occurs throughout the year (primarily September through May) thus providing high numbers (40000 to 50 000 per plant) of viable seed (75% germination) for seed dispersal. Our objectives are to alert those concerned with weed control of the presence of TSA in subtropical regions of the U.S., to discuss the ecology and taxonomy of this weed, and to indicate areas for future research.


FIELD: power engineering. SUBSTANCE: control and regulation method of wind-driven power plant with housing regulated as to horizontal angle, with at least one rotor blade that rotates relative to its longitudinal axis, and with supply unit in the mode at wind velocity exceeding preliminary specified velocity value; at that method involves the following steps: control device based on measured values (v) of wind velocity and wind direction selects angular position whereto the housing shall be set, and setting angle or angles (i.e. rotation or tilt) for not less than one rotor blade if measured wind velocity exceeds preliminary specified velocity value (v 1 *, v 2 *), not less than one azimuth drive operating from supply unit, resets housing to angular position (α) preset with control device, and not less than one tilt drive operating from supply unit, sets at least one rotor blade to angular position (φ) preset with control device; at that at least one rotor blade rotates in the set position with rotation frequency within preliminary specified rotation frequency range. EFFECT: use of method ensures decrease of load applied to the plant at high wind velocities, as well as further plant power supply at possible power failure. 8 cl, 3 dwg


Taiwan has created economic miracle by vigorous entrepreneurship and welcoming environment. Entrepreneurship is an important factor for enterprises to grow and innovate. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the entrepreneurship of managers and organizational performance, as well as the moderating of guanxi network on the relationship. A Total of 283 questionnaires were distributed to managers of organizations in southern Taiwan. The effective response rate of was about 50%. Structural Equation Model was used to examine the hypotheses. The results suggest that innovativeness, pro-activeness, risk-taking, competitive aggressiveness, and autonomy are the significant dimensions of entrepreneurship. Furthermore, entrepreneurship has positive effect on organizational performance, and guanxi network appears to moderate on it. In terms of the current finding, enterprises in Taiwan should improve entrepreneurship and emphasize on guanxi network establishment and maintenance. Specifically, they should:devote to introduce new products and services;encourage employees to share and communicate with each other and empower them with right of decision-making;take a bold and aggressive approach when competing;keep watch for the changes of market demand;develop potential market, and identify opportunities aggressively;take interpersonal relationship as an important asset, and especially focus on the expansion and maintenance of guanxi network.


Endophytic fungi produced a secondary metabolite similar to their host plant; therefore it can be used as a source of producing active metabolites which lead in drug discoveries. The present study evaluate the antimicrobial activity of endophytic fungi from Lawsonia inermis and isolation of bioactive compounds for new antimicrobial agent. Fresh plant root materials were used for the isolation process, Aspergillus niger was identified as the species present on the plant. The screening of fungal for biological active secondary metabolites was carried out on malt broth fermentation. The broth filtrate was extracted with ethyl acetate and partitioned using a separating funnel. Disc diffusion methods of an antimicrobial sensitivity test at 100μg/disc, 50μg/disc, 25μg/disc 12.5μg/disc was adopted in testing the bioactivity of the extract against two clinical bacterial isolates of staphylococcus Aureus, Escheria coli and two clinical fungal isolates of Candida Albican and Aspergillus Flavus using disc diffution techniques. The extract were further subjected to phytochemical screening to detect the presence of secondary metabolites using standard procedures. The sensitivity test results showed that all the tested isolates are sensitive to extract at 12.5µg/disc as follows: Staphylococcus Aureus (10mm) , Escheria coli (11mm) , Candida Albican (7mm) and Aspergillus Flavus (8mm) . The result of phytochemical screening indicates the presence of alkaloids, cardical glycosides ,resins , saponins ,tannins , triterpenoids .The bioassay from the ethyl acecate fraction (HR) of the metabolite using column chromatography ,lead to the isolation of three pure compounds. The results of the antimicrobial activity of the isolated compounds indicated that (HR-102) was more potent against candida albican (11mm) at 12.5μg/disc followed by staphylococcus aureus (10mm) at 12.5μg/disc, escheria coli (9mm) at 12.5μg/disc, aspergillus flavus (8mm) at 12.5μg/disc. This signifies the potency for the development of therapeutic agent against pathogenic microorganisms. phytochemical screening of the three extracts fraction revealed the presence of alkaloids , steroids ,resins , triterpenoids .


Although there are a few works reported in the literature considering loss tomography in the general topology, there is few well established result since all of them rely either on simulations or on experiments that have many random factors affecting the outcome. To improve the situation, we address a number of issues in this paper that include a maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) for the general topology, the statistical properties of the MLE, the statistical properties of a frequently referred estimator called the moving variance and weighted average (MVWA), and a renewed MVWA that removes the restriction of knowing variance in advance from the MVWA. The statistical properties covers minimum-variance unbiasedness, efficiency, and variances of the estimates obtained by the estimators. Given the properties, we can evaluate the estimators without the need of simulations. To verify the properties, a simulation study is conducted that confirms the accuracy of the findings.


It is a temptation in thinking about the education of children and young people to assume the institutions and traditions of schooling in our culture, and to establish limits of feasibility and adequacy for educational ideas, policies, and practices by measuring these against the conventions of schooling. Philosophizing about the education of children and young people should, of course, not confine itself within the conventional assumptions of institutionalized schooling. But this is the easy way followed by