All through this paper, by a graph, we mean an undirected, simple, and finite graph. For documentations and phrasing, we follow [1–6]. For a point-by-point review on graph labeling, refer [7]. Let Pn be a path on n nodes denoted by u1,c, where 1≤ c≤ n, and with n − 1 lines denoted by e1,δ, where 1≤ δ ≤ n − 1, where ec is the line joining the vertices u1,c and u1,c+1. On each edge eδ, erect a ladder with n − (c − 1) steps including the edge ec, for c � 1, 2, 3, . . . , n − 1. (e resulting graph is called the one-sided step graph, and it is denoted by STn. Let P2n be a path on 2n vertices u1,c, where 1≤ c≤ 2n and with 2n − 1 edges e1, e2, . . . , e2n− 1, where ec is the line joining the vertices u1,c and u1,c+1. On each edge ec, we erect a ladder with 'c + 1' steps including the edge ec, for c � 1, 2, 3, . . . , n, and on each ec, we erect a ladder with 2n + 1 − c steps including ec, for c � n + 1, n + 2, . . . , 2n − 1. (e graph thus obtained is called the double-sided step graph, and it is denoted by 2ST2n. Let G1 and G2 be any two graphs with p1 and p2 vertices, respectively. (en, G1 × G2 is the cartesian product of two graphs. A ladder graph Ln is the graph P2 × Pn. (e graph G ∘ Sm is obtained from G by attaching m pendant vertices to each vertex of G. (e triangular ladder TLn, for n≥ 2, is a graph obtained from two paths by u1, u2, . . . un and v1, v2, . . . vn by adding the edges ucvc, 1≤ c≤ n and ucvc+1, 1≤ c≤ n − 1. (e slanting ladder SLn is a graph obtained from two paths u1, u2, . . . un and v1, v2, . . . vn by joining each vc, with uc+1, 1≤ c≤ n − 1. (e graph Dn having the vertices ac,δ: 1≤ c≤ n, δ � 1, 2, 3, 4 􏽮 􏽯, and its edge set is ac,1ac+1,1, ac,3ac+1,3: 1≤ c≤ n − 1 􏽮 􏽯


Objective:To study the effect of Xiaochaihu Decoction(XD) on the immune function of mice with experimental hepatic injury.Methods:Bacille Calmette Guerin(BCG) and Lipopolysaccharide(LPS) were used to set up the mice model of hepatic injury.And then the mice were treated with XD.Mice treated with Biphenyl dimethyl dicarboxylate(BDD) and the normal mice were set up as the control groups.10 days later,the serum concentration of Th1 type cytokine IFN γ and Th2 type cytokine IL 4 were detected by Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Results:In the model group,serum concentration of IFN γ was much lower than that in the normal control group(P0 01),and serum concentration of IL 4 was much higher than that in the control group(P0 01).And the Th1/Th2 immune balance was broken and shifted towards Th2.In the treatment group,serum concentration of INF γ was much higher than that in the model group(P0 01),and serum concentration of IL 4 was much lower than that in the model group(P0 05),the Th1/Th2 immune balance was regained.Conclusion:XD could increase the serum concentration of IFN γ and decrease the serum concentration of IL 4 in mice model of experimental hepatic injury,thus to correct the imbalance of Th1/Th2 immune function.


The images presented in this work clearly illustrate the variety of experiences of motherhood. The material in this article supplements the existing epistemological ideas about the problem of determining the norms and deviations in psychological studies of motherhood. The author presents a system of diagnostic criteria and assessment of the mother-child relationship. The article explains the term "deviant motherhood" and indicates various degrees of severity of behavioral disorders. There are four main modes of the functioning of the "mother-child" system, reflecting the main variants of motherhood: normative and relatively normative motherhood, deviant mother-child relationship, pathological motherhood (antisocial form), and pathological motherhood (prosocial form).


This work is focused on the isolation and structural characterization of polysaccharide fractions from basidiocarps of well-cultivated oyster mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus. The fractions were obtained by subsequent extracting with water, dimethylsulphoxide, and alkali solution. The water extracts were further fractionated by preparative chromatography. The composition of the obtained purified products was determined.


In the last three years, substantial progress has been made in the development of legal framework and guidance for the preparation of SUMPs, leading to the publication of guidance later in 2013. In Romania the procees have started last year, by the development through BERD assistance of the 7 growth poles of Romania, plus Bucharest – Ilfov. The purpose of this paper is to underline the importance of such plans for cities local development and to identify the main areas in which further intervention is needed. The paper reviews stage of SUMPs preparation in Romania, by analysing the tools used, it identifies the barrieres encoutered in this process. Finally, it highlights the lesson learned, and suggests ways of putting in practice in Romania.


Pressure ulcers significantly contribute to the diminished quality of life and substantial disability in people with spinal cord injury (SCI). A broad consensus among clinicians and researchers has been reached that the best approach to reducing this burden is to implement an effective preventive treatment that would greatly reduce the incidence. The preventative intervention should eliminate/diminish causative factors and pathways involved with pressure ulcer development. The objective of this thesis is to explore the relationship between sacral skin blood flow and transcutaneous oxygenation in response to causative factors of pressure ulcers (i.e. thermal stress, mechanical stress, and sympathetic modulations) in five neurologically intact subjects.Two tests were performed to analyze the relationship between sacral skin blood flow and transcutaneous oxygenation. In test 1, skin blood flow and transcutaneous oxygenation were measured while subjects underwent orthostatic stimulation. Results from test 1 showed that both the level of heat used and the location of testing effects how skin blood flow and transcutaneous oxygenation respond to orthostatic stimulation. In test 2, skin blood flow and transcutaneous oxygenation were measured while external pressure was applied. Results from test 2 showed that a significant increase in peak skin blood flow and TcPO2 (p<0.05) occurred on average 588 and 298 seconds, respectively, following removal of occluding pressure when the skin is heated to 44 degrees C; however, at 37 degrees C, skin blood flow and transcutaneous oxygenation showed a significant peak increase (p<0.05) following removal of occluding pressure at 28 and 404 seconds, respectively.


Since 2001, trolleybus system in Gdynia has been involved in many activities related to the reduction of power consumption, both in terms of implementation and research and development. In PKT, in cooperation with SESTO company, started applications of Smart Grid technologies in supply network: the bilateral supply. The paper presents results of this this novel investment.


174 fails to explain how control of private military activity should be exercised (p. 256). Actually, it seems that there is a bigger problem – the book does not draw the necessary distinction between theoretical analysis of the pheno menon of PMCs and policy recommendation for the advancement of the industry. James Cockayne, for example, suggests the principal– agent model where states are the principals and the private companies are the agents of the relationship. He warns that 'principals can become dependent on their agents' if relations between states and the private companies are not carefully structured. This theory could serve as a framework around which the contending arguments could be presented in the book. By the same token, the fourfold system of licensing and certification of the PMCs, discussed by Kevin O'Brien, is a mechanism to regulate the markets that can be presented within the principal–agent framework. The lack of a comprehensive framework of analysis also weakens the presentation of the cases: while the authors cite evidence from Africa (Sierra Leone, Angola and Equatorial Guinea) and Iraq, the book fails to draw a sharp distinction between cases of good versus bad regulations and practices for outsourcing security towards private companies. In conclusion, despite some weaknesses, this edited volume is a solid work that shapes the debate in the emerging literature on private military companies. It suggests exciting scholarly space for future theoretical and empirical research and is a must-read for those who are interested in international security, conflict, law and institutions.


ABSTRACT Single vision contact lenses may be used for presbyopes by correcting one eye for distance and the other for near, but a blurred eye might place limitations upon depth perception. Fifty presbyopes fitted with a contact lens for near seeing for the non‐dominant eye were tested with a polaroid vectograph to measure stereopsis. 94% of the patients exhibited stereoscopic vision within norms developed by several researchers.


The most successful methods for speckle reduction in Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) are based on deformation of the wavefront used in scanning. Here, a simple method is presented where the wavefront is distorted by lateral translation of the lens between the 2D galvo-scanner and sample. The report demonstrates that the method can be implemented with a small piezoelectric transducer. Up to 33% improvement in Speckle Contrast Ratio (SCR) of B-scan OCT images is demonstrated.


Many genes have been implicated in Wilms tumor; however, only one gene, WT1, has a proven role in the development of this embryonal tumor. Wilms tumor occurs in a number of congenital syndromes including the Simpson–Golabi–Behmel syndrome (SGBS) which has phenotypic overlap with another Wilms tumor‐predisposing syndrome Wiedemann–Beckwith syndrome. The putative function and expression pattern of the SGBS gene, glypican 3 (GPC3), makes it an attractive candidate Wilms tumor gene. We, therefore, hypothesized that Wilms tumors from non‐SGBS patients may harbor somatic mutations of GPC3. Mutation analysis of 64 Wilms tumors was performed. One case of a tumor‐specific deletion of the entire GPC3 gene and several polymorphisms were identified. GPC3 expression was evaluated in 36 Wilms tumors and 29/36 expressed GPC3. Surprisingly, we did not find evidence of functional mutations of GPC3 in sporadic Wilms tumor suggesting that GPC3 is not often directly involved in Wilms tumorigenesis. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


This research, which was conducted to determine the adaptation ability of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) under the conditions of Sanliurfa, was carried out in Harran University Faculty of Agriculture Osmanbey Campus, Agricultural Research and Application Field in 2017-2018 winter crop growing period with 3 replications. Trial in Cantabile obtained from private companies Helen, Caramba, Rambo, Alberto, Tornado, Trinova, Baqueano Seven different tetraploid Italian grass varieties from private companies were used in the experiment. Plant height, relationship between characters, age yield, hay yield, leaf rate, dry matter yield (kg da-1), crude protein content, crude protein yield, seed yield and plant height observations in seed yield were investigated. According to the results; plant height 48.67- 65.66 (cm), fresh herb yield 1798.06–2764.75 kg da-1, dry herb yield 484.00-746.00 kg da-1, dry matter yield 435.00-671.00 kg da-1, leaf ratio 29.50-35.17%, crude protein ratio 10.03-12.13% and seed yield 48.40-84.18 (kg da-1) it was found that between and Paying attention to dry matter yield and leaf ratio characters will be an option for an efficient and quality product in relationships between characters.


William Marsden sought to establish a regular series of authenticated facts and to describe "things as they exist, rather than to display the powers of a creative imagination", writes Dr John Bastin in his Introduction to this reprint of a book that won immediate recognition as a model of descriptive composition when it was first published in 1793.


The paper is focused on the methodological approaches to assess subjective aspects of the quality of life in the various regions. Besides, directly measurable indicators, which may not always correspond with the quality of life of the individuals in the regions, the subjective aspects of well-being are also in the spotlight. The pilot analysis examined the answers to questions such as: Are you satisfied with the health and social services, the cost of living, safety of public spaces, affordability of housing, or your personal job situation? These answers were used for an assessment of the quality of life in the different regions of the Czech Republic. We used multivariate modeling to explicitly account for the hierarchical structure of respondents within the Czech Republic, and for understanding patterns of variation between regions. The principal component analysis (PCA) was used for the general analysis of regional differences. The overall goal of principal component analysis is to reduce the dimensionality of a data set, while simultaneously retaining the information present in the data. The differences were illustrated by cartographic visualization and by scatter plots of the first three principal components. The cluster analysis was used to discover similarities and differences of the quality of life within various regions of the Czech Republic.


3Mobil Five (MFI) zeolites were synthesized hydrothermally with silica to alumina ratio (SAR) of 50, 100 and 200. The synthesized MFI zeolites were used to exchange with 0.5%, 1.0% and 2.0% Ca(NO 3 ) 2 solutions for modification to Ca-MFI zeolite. XRD and FT-IR analysis were used to identify the MFI zeolite phases. The thermal stability of the samples was analyzed by TGA. UV-Vis (DR) spectra were used to analyze the successful exchange of the parent samples. The specific surface area, pore volume and pore size of the synthesized samples were investigated by the nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm, while morphology was examined using scanning electron microscopy.


Al•STIO, CT.--Data on waders and allies (Charadriiformes) previously published by Strauch are reanalyzed using cladistic techniques, rather than compatibility analysis as in the original paper. The resulting trees are compared to those of Strauch, to a previous cladistic reanalysis, and to trees based on DNA-DNA hybridization data. In contrast o all previous results, the current analysis hows scolopacine and charadriine waders to be a monophyletic group, each of them being monophyletic. The alcids form a very basal group. The thick-knees (Burhinidae) form a sister group to all waders and larids (gulls and terns). Chionis and Dromas are sister taxa to glareolids and waders. The data contain several uncertainties in character codings and polarizations, which in turn may affect he outcome in various ways. Received 30 November 1993, accepted 11 February 1994.


LANGUAGE, as a function of man, is a frequent subject of inquiry in the course of Aristotle's scientific investigations; for language not only has a natural basis in man's bodily organs and psychological powers, but it is, in turn, one of the natural bases of the virtues and of social and political relations, and it constitutes the natural means of imitation in the art of literature and the matter of which literary works are formed. In addition to such inquiries into the foundations of language in human organism, moral agent, and aesthetic object, Aristotle turns his attention to questions concerning the operations of language, for it can be put to various uses, and it can in any of them contravene as well as accomplish the purpose to which it is directed. Finally, on the background of these considerations of language as natural phenomenon and as rational instrument, Aristotle analyzes the arts of language in terms of symbolic properties and linguistic structures. Logic, rhetoric, and poetic are none of them purely "verbal arts" in Aristotle's philosophy: they are based on the natural properties of words, which are determined by physiological organs and physical medium, as well as on the conventional meanings which are determined by human reason and desire; they take into account the purposes for which men use language as reflected in the intentions of the speaker, the susceptibilities of the audience addressed, and the nature of the communications for which it serves as medium; and they treat, finally, of discourse in its various forms and relative to its proper parts. Language, as natural phenomenon, is part of the subject matter of the sciences-theoretic, practical, and productive. Language, as conventional medium adequate to, or at variance with, the purposes for which man uses it, is both an instrument and a problem in the formation of these sciences and in the development and acquisition of knowledge, virtues, and arts. Language, as artificial composition and symbolic structure, is the end of the numerous arts which are employed in scientific demonstrations, practical communications and regulations, and aesthetic compositions. Since language is part of the subject matter in practical and productive as well as theoretic scientific investigations, the discussion of language and even the meanings of the basic terms of that discussion extend far beyond purely material or verbal problems. The physical sounds which man uses to convey meanings and the physiological organs by which the sounds are produced are objects of physi-


Objective To analyze the variance factors in the implementation of clinical nursing pathways (CNP) applied in the total hip replacement (THR). Methods The selected cases were divided into a variance group (n=75) and a non-variance group (n=74) on the basis of the definition of variance in this study. The data of the participants were subjected to univariate analysis and Logistic regression analysis. Results The variance mainly came from hospital involved (24.16%), followed by disease outcome (18.12%), demand of patients (5.37%), medical staff (1.34%) and withdrawal (1.34%). The lengths of hospital stay before and after operation had the greatest influence on the variance (b '=0.955 and 0.854, P0.01 for both). The types and times of surgeries, and presence of pre-operative complications also substantially influenced the variance (b '=0.184-0.231, P0.05,P0.01). Conclusion The variance in CNP applied in THR is related to the hospital involved, outcome of disease and demand of patients. The medical system should be reformed so that inclusion and exclusion criteria are integrated into CNP and CNP should be personalized.


A new method of atmospheric refractivity profile retrieval based on neural network and genetic algorithm by ground-based dual-channel radiometer was proposed.Retrieval of dry refractivity profile was based on neural network and wet refractivity profile based on genetic algorithm.Simulations with the historical radiosonde data of Qingdao showed that the new retrieval method has good agreement with historical atmospheric profiles.


Objective: To evaluate the biomechanical characteristics of clinical application of self-developed "pry and press" type plate in treating acromioclavicular dislocation. Methods: Acromioclavicular dislocation models were simulated using fresh specimens of shoulder joint with proximal half part of humerus, clavicula and scapula. The models were fixed by self-developed "pry and press" plate. The fixation effect was compared with normal and fixed by AO claw plate of acromioclavicular joint and wire lock. Results: The fixation effect of "pry and press" type plate was better than other two fixation methods to treat the acrominoclavicular dislocation. However, it was worse than the effect of normal acromioclavicular joint. Thus, the implant of "pry and press" type plate fitted for the biomechanical properties of acromioclavicular joint which could meet the requirement of strength of acromioclavicular joint and could fit the requirement of normal physiological function of human body. Accordingly, 38 cases of acromioclavicular dislocation were treated with "pry and press" type plate,the excellent and good rate was 94% in follow-up studies of 8 to 24 months. Conclusion: The "pry and press" type plate has favorable biomechanical properties to treat acromioclavicular dislocation. Furthermore, it has good qualities of anatomy reestablishment, simply operation and fast fixation, which fit for the purpose of early functional exercise.


This study is about the processes of intellectual transmission of kindergarten pedagogy and its organisational implementation in two geographical sites in colonial New Zealand between 1870 and 1913. It takes as its focus the contribution of women pioneers in shaping kindergarten provision and pedagogy. The central question asked is how, and to what extent, did the genesis of early kindergarten in New Zealand and its role in education and/or social reforms evolve, with particular reference to women's individual and collective work? Much of the research data is drawn for the first time from women's personal manuscripts and organisational records.


The article presents the results of studies of the deformability of sandy soils under multiple cyclic effects, the analysis of the revealed in experiments at different loading frequencies of deformation patterns, presents the equations for the prediction of General and additional (volume and shear) deformations from the action of multiple cyclic effects in the studied range of loading frequencies.


Knowledge (including structured knowledge such as schema and ontology, and unstructured knowledge such as web corpus) is a critical part of dialog understanding, especially for unseen tasks and domains. Traditionally, such domain-specific knowledge is encoded implicitly into model parameters for the execution of downstream tasks, which makes training inefficient. In addition, such models are not easily transferable to new tasks with different schemas. In this work, we propose to perform dialog state tracking grounded on knowledge encoded externally. We query relevant knowledge of various forms based on the dialog context where such information can ground the prediction of dialog states. We demonstrate superior performance of our proposed method over strong baselines, especially in the few-shot learning setting.


Formal analyses of human movement are intended to be by nature objective. Despite the great interest in Gesture Studies of describing gesture and other body movement forms, there is no one standardized guideline for the formal transcription nor annotation of body movements. Thus, scientists are left to adapt versions of preexisting annotation schemes or develop their own. This paper aims at providing an overview of the gamut of annotation schemes used in the multimodal communication literature in order to raise questions about how researchers define, treat and analyze body movements in their data. Differences of definitions cause problems when it comes to comparing research findings and are directly connected to the question of how body movement units are identified and classified by the research community. On the one hand, there is the problem of formal and functional labeling that are often collapsed in the adopted annotation scheme; on the other, definitional diversity affects human raters' evaluation and judgment, not to mention differences in the annotation process when marking startand end-points of a movement unit.


By using LI-6400 portable photosynthesis system, PAM-2100 chlorophyll fluorescence analyzer, and stable isotope technique, this paper studied the leaf photosynthetic and fluorescence properties, water sources, and water use efficiency (WUE) of five main tree species in coastal shelterbelt forests in Fujian Province, aimed to understand the photosynthetic properties and water use strategies of main tree species in coastal shelterbelt forests in Southeast China. The net photosynthetic rate, intercellular carbon dioxide concentration, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate of four mangrove species (Kandelia obovata, Aegiceras corniculatum, Avicennia marina, and Sonneratia apetala) were all significantly higher than Australian pine (Casuarina equisetifolia), while the carbon assimilation capacity of the introduced species S. apetala was significantly higher than the native mangrove species. All the measured fluorescence parameters including maximum relative electron transport rate (rETRmax), half-saturation light intensity (Ek), and Fv/Fm of S. apetala were significantly greater than those of native mangroves, indicating that the photosynthetic capacity of S. apetala was also greater than that of the native mangrove species. Two exotic species (C. equisetifolia and S. apetala) mainly relied on groundwater for their water sources, while all indigenous mangrove species could utilize groundwater, rainwater, and seawater. The instantaneous WUE of C. equisetifolia was significantly lower than that of the four mangrove species, while the latter four species had less difference in their instantaneous WUE. The long-term WUE of K. obovata and S. apetala had no significant difference, but was significantly higher than that of A. corniculatum, A. marina, and C. equisetifolia, suggesting that K. obovata and S. apetala could better adapt to the high salt environment where water was the limiting factor for plant growth and survival.


Abstract In many cases simple graph theoretical eigenvalue methods suffice to explain properties of molecules. Introducing valuations or weights of graphs (e.g. Hückel-Coulomb-and Hückel-resonance integrals) one may ask how they are related to effective nuclear charges and bond distances. We are interested in whether such relations are bijective (injective and surjective) mappings. Injectivity and/or sujectivity can be characterized by indices, for instance "solution numbers" of non linear equations. Using as physically motivated starting points (I) a simple effective model Hamiltonian and (II) a semiempirical formula for β (resonance integral) and a general expression for α (Coulomb integral) we can show that the mappings resulting from (I) and (II) agree with respect to their indices. Therefore we conclude that omitted terms in (I) are immaterial with respect to the mapping properties.


Background— This study provides new information on how rapidly and extensively alcohol is absorbed following Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB). Prior alcohol pharmacokinetic research in RYGB patients has not reported blood alcohol concentrations in this early time-period following ingestion. Objectives— The objective of this study was to examine the rate and extent of alcohol absorption, particularly in the first ten minutes following a dose of alcohol. Setting— The study was conducted at a nonprofit research organization within the United States. Methods— Five female participants who had undergone RYGB three to four years prior completed the study. Participants were given 0.3 grams/kilogram of actual body weight of ethanol. Following the dose of alcohol, blood samples were collected through an indwelling intravenous catheter every minute for the first five minutes and at 7.5, 10, 20, and 60 minutes. Results— The observed mean Cmax was 138.4 ± 28.6 mg/dl (range 98.0–170.0 mg/dl) and the observed mean Tmax was 5.4 ± 3.1 minutes (range 2–10 minutes) following alcohol consumption. Conclusions— Within minutes following consumption of a beverage containing a modest amount of alcohol, post-RYGB patients achieve disproportionately high blood alcohol concentrations. All five patients in this study reached blood alcohol concentrations above 0.08%, the legal driving limit in the United States, within ten minutes following a dose of alcohol. Clinicians are encouraged to educate patients about the marked changes in alcohol pharmacokinetics that are they are likely to experience post-RYGB and to guide patients in making modifications to alcohol intake following surgery accordingly.


A metallocene random copolymer comprising a copolymer of propylene and ethylene, polymerized in the presence of a metallocene catalyst, the metallocene random copolymer has: an ethylene content of about 1.8 weight percent to about 5 percent in weigh; a melting point of 108 ° C approximately to about 120, and having a random copolymer formed of metallocene temperature ductile / brittle transition in a range from about -7 to about 4 molded article.


Aim To explore cancer survivors' experiences of living with chronic pain after curative cancer treatment in England, UK. Methods A qualitative study using telephone interviews with adult cancer survivors experiencing chronic pain after curative cancer treatment. Interview data was analysed using a reflexive thematic approach [1–3]. Findings Nineteen participants: 14 female, 5 male, mean age 62.4 years, 1.5–48 years since cancer diagnosis, eight tumour groups represented. Six participants (31.6%) developed chronic pain more than ten years after completing cancer treatment (range 0–25 years). Five themes were generated which highlighted the experience of chronic pain after cancer treatment for cancer survivors: 1) 'Hear me… believe me…. Please'. Survivors felt that they had not been listened to when they tried to talk about their chronic pain after cancer treatment, nor at times, believed. 2) 'Expectation versus reality'. Survivors had anticipated returning to pre cancer quality of life yet living in chronic pain prevented them from doing so. 3) 'They don't understand…. We don't understand'. Cancer survivors did not feel informed or prepared for the risk or reality of chronic pain after cancer treatment and this compounded the difficulties of coping with and managing their pain. They felt health care professionals lacked knowledge and understanding of chronic pain after cancer. 4) 'Negotiating the maze'. Cancer survivors encountered unclear and limited pathways for support, often bouncing from one support team to another. Identifying and accessing services was a challenge, and the responsibility of this was often left to the survivor. 5) 'Validate my pain, validate me'. Palpable relief and benefit was felt when health care professionals diagnosed and acknowledged their chronic pain after cancer treatment. Conclusions Cancer survivors can feel ill prepared for the risk of chronic pain after cancer treatment and can experience challenges accessing support from healthcare professionals and clinical services.


It is well-known that dual phase (DP) steels composed of ferrite and martensite have good ductility and plasticity as well as high strength. Due to their excellent mechanical properties, DP steels are widely used in the industrial field. The mechanical properties of DP steels strongly depend on several factors such as fraction, distribution and grain size of each phase. In this study, the grain size effect on mechanical properties of DP steels was investigated. In order to obtain DP structures with different grain sizes, intercritical heat treatment in ferrite + austenite two-phase region was carried out for ferrite-pearlite structures having coarse and fine ferrite grain sizes. Theseferrite-pearlite structures with coarse and fine grains were fabricated by two types of heat treatments; austenitizing heat treatment and repetitive heat treatment. Ferrite grain sizes of the specimens heat-treated by austenitizing and repetitive heat treatment were 47.5 µm (coarse grain) and 4.5 µm (fine grain), respectively. The ferrite grain sizes in the final DP structures fabricated from the coarse-grained and fine-grained ferrite-pearlite structures were 58.3 µm and 4.1µm, respectively. The mechanical behavior of the DP structures with different grain sizes was evaluated by an uniaxial tensile test at room temperature. The local strain distribution in the specimens during tensile test was obtained by a digital image correlation (DIC) technique. Results of the tensile test showed that the fine-grained DP structure had higher strength and larger elongation than the coarse-grained DP structure. It was found by the DIC analysis that the fine-grained DP structure showed homogeneous deformation compared with the coarse-grained DP structure.


Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) are used in the cooled parts of gas turbines to reduce the temperature of blades and hot engine components, allowing higher operating temperatures and yielding increased efficiency. The corrosive gases which come from combustion of low grade fuels can penetrate into the TBCs and reach the metallic components and bond coat and cause hot corrosion and erosion damage. Mullite thin films have been applied onto the top layer of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) coatings by sol-gel dipping process in order to decrease the porosity as well as improve thermal stability of the coatings. Glazing the top layer by laser beam is an advanced approach to seal TBCs surface. The laser beam has the advantage of forming a dense thin layer composed of micrograins. CO2 laser beam assisted in the densification of the surface by remelting a thin layer of the exposed surface. The laser glazing converted the rough surface of TBCs into smooth micron-sized grains with size of 1-4 microns. Mullite compounds have remained on the surface after laser treatment since alumina and silica are still present, as indicated in EDX spectra. The results revealed that the roughness increases as the grain size decreases.


The paper deals with fuzzy clustering of the regions in Ukraine depending on their level of educational potential development. A hierarchical system of fuzzy logic inference was designed. It models interconnection between the following indicators: the level of human potential development, the level of economic development, the level of development of educational institutions. A fuzzy logic inference has been built using Mamdani algorithm. A base of fuzzy logic output, namely fuzzy knowledge base, along with the system of fuzzy logic equations that provide obtaining numerical values of membership functions and integrated assessment of educational potential was created. The calculations were based on the official statistics in the regions of Ukraine for 2010 and 2017. To automate calculating the models of educational potential assessment Fuzzy Logic Toolbox subsystem of the Matlab application package was used. The obtained results of modeling demonstrate the increase of educational potential almost in all non-occupied territories of Ukraine for the period from 2010 till 2017. Keywords—education, educational potential, fuzzy logic, cluster model, generalized index.


Key Words: PM(입자상물질), DPF(매연여과장치), EGR(배기재순환), DMS(고속입자상물질측정장치),NucleationMode(핵화모드),AccumulationMode(축적모드)초록: 본연구는승용디젤엔진의입자상물질배출특성에관한것으로써, 엔진에서배출된입자상물질이배기관및후처리장치인디젤산화촉매와매연여과장치를통과할때의특성변화를파악하기위하여후처리장치각각전 후단및배기관에서직접측정하였다.또한다양한엔진회전속도및부하조건에서측정함으로써입자상물질배출맵을구축하였으며,디젤산화촉매및매연여과장치의입자상물질저감효과에대해평가하였다.뿐만아니라배기재순환율과연료분사시기를변경시켜입자상물질의배출특성변화를파악하였다.모든시험에서입자상물질을5~1000nm크기까지측정할수있는DMS500을이용하였다.Abstract: Inthisstudy,wemainlyfocusedonthePM(ParticulateMatter)emissioncharacteristicsofadieselengine.To analyze particle behavior in the tail-pipe, particle emission was measured on the engine-out (downstream ofturbocharger), each upstream and downstream both of DOC (Diesel Oxidation Catalyst) and DPF (Diesel ParticulateFilter). Moreover, particle emission contours on each sampling point were constructed. The reduction efficiency ofparticlenumberconcentrationandmassthroughtheDOCandDPFwasstudied.ParameterssuchasEGR(ExhaustGasRecirculation) and the main injection timing were varied in part load conditions and evaluated using the engine-outemissions. TheDMS500(Differential MobilitySpectrometer) wasusedasaparticlemeasurement instrument that canmeasure particle concentrations from5 nmto 1000 nm. Nano-particles of sizes less than 30 nmwere reduced byoxidationorcoagulatedwithsolidparticlesinthetail-pipeandDOC.TheDPFhasaveryhighfiltrationefficiencyoveralloperatingconditionsexceptduringnaturalregenerationofDPF.


The paper introduces application of frequency speed controller on high-voltage plunger pump from frequency control moter speed theory,frequency speed contrcller volume defined and model selection,controlling optimizing and frequency speed controller's installation,using,keeping.The electric motor heating method was pointed out as treatment the frequency speed controller.Final,it was analysed and counted for favourable performance and energy conserration effect of frequency speed controller.


This paper examines female Identity in selected works of African female writers across several generations of writers. The author uses the palimpsestic analogy as a critical tool in re-reading the selected texts. The study reveals that textual meaning, particularly as it relates to female identity, is couched in deep ironies, thereby giving multi-textual layers which are similar to a palimpsestic pattern. Consequently, the palimpsestic nature of these female identities, as the study reveals, affects authorial intentions, as several plausible meanings are unraveled. It is also evident that through the multi-layered presentation which gives a palimpsestic pattern, the new carved out female identities seem problematic. Most of these writers did not succeed in completely erasing 'the namby pamby' women from literary texts as envisioned in most earlier texts written by African male writers. Consequently, female characters are still portrayed as prostitutes, murderers and other self-effacing images. Therefore, the study suggests that women writers should employ other means of crafting new identities for their female characters, identities as full citizens, free from patriarchy oppression utilizing positive aspects of our cultures in liberating and nurturing ways.


This paper consider the stability and local Hopf bifurcation for a cooperative system when rate τ regarding as a parameter,combing the global Hopf bifurcation theorem for general functional differential equations,and we investigate the existence of global Hopf bifurcation.


Disclosed are a method and system of expressing a stereo image through a stacked structure to analyze a target in an image. The method includes the steps: for an input stereo image, generating at least one first first-stage structure diagram on the basis of the first type associated characteristic, criterion or model of the stereo image, wherein different first first-stage structure diagrams are generated according to different strictness levels of the first type associated characteristic, criterion or model, and contain targets in terms of different first segmentation degrees; and at least partially utilizing the at least one first first-stage structure diagram to analyze a target in the stereo image to obtain structure diagrams, containing targets, of first-stage target analysis results.


In the context of a laser induced transport process of an object from a support (2) to a collecting device (3) is proposed in the collecting device (3) a collecting medium (3A) to be used, which is in a liquid state. Preferably, the object in front of the laser-induced transport process by laser irradiation from one located on the carrier (2) surrounding mass is separated. After the laser induced transport process the selected object in this way and separated together with the collecting medium (3A) at a location, z. As a container for further processing, transferred. For this purpose a liquid handling system is preferably provided which allows for the handling of the collection medium (3A) with the contained object with high reliability and high throughput.


Underground stubbles of sixteen genotypes after harvest of the plant crop (2012-13) left for evaluation of their ratoon during 2013-14 at RPCAU Pusa Farm, Samastipur, Bihar under low land area and grand growth phase coincides with water-stagnation depth 40-45 cm for 2 to 3 month to know the extent of genetic divergence for productive traits and identification of better ratooner. The traits namely, number of Shoots at 120 days, plant height at 150, 240 and 330 days (at harvest), Cane diameter at harvest, number of millable cane at harvest, single cane weight at harvest, Brix % at 9 & 11 month, Pol % in juice at 9 & 11 month, purity % at 9 & 11 month, CCS Per cent at harvest, cane yield at harvest and CCSt/ha were showed highly significant variation. Ratoon of all the sixteen genotypes differed significantly with regard to the traits studied and displayed marked divergence and grouped into five clusters following Tocher's method, Cluster I had seven genotypes namely, BO154, CoP092(CoP09437), CoP 02061(CoP 2061), CoP 091, CoP 111, BO155 and BO141 followed by Cluster II containing six viz. CoP 04181, BO146, BO91, CoSe 96436, CoP 081 & CoLk 94184 while Cluster III, IV and V were monogenotypic, comprising single genotype BO 147, BO 153 and CoX 07067, respectively. Maximum value for inter cluster distance was observed between cluster II and V (1050.77) followed by cluster III & V (817.02), cluster III & IV (623.84), cluster II & IV (567.85), cluster I & V (419.80) and between cluster I & II (319.39). The highest contribution towards genetic divergence was exhibited by pol % in juice at 9 month stage (45.0) followed by brix % at 11 month (15.0), CCS per cent at harvest (10.83), purity % at 11 month (8.33), single cane weight (7.50), pol % in juice at 11 month (5.0), plant height at 240 days (4.17), purity % at 11 month (2.50) and rest of the other traits had less than one. The genotype CoP 09437 had maximum value for cane yield (87.54 t/h) and CCSt/ha(10.0 t)/ha, as well as it performed top rank on the basis of percentage increase over both the checks (27.39% over BO91 and 17.85 % over BO147 for cane yield while for CCS t/ha 53.37% over BO91 and 31.41 % over BO147) followed by BO 154, CoX 07067 and CoP 2061, therefore these genotypes were Identified as better ratooner among the 16 genetically diverse genotypes under water-logging condition which would be cultivated in water-logging areas of Bihar to enhance the productivity and sugar recovery as well as it can be utilized as a water logging tolerant parent in sugarcane crossing programme.


We calculate the optical conductivity of LiV 2 O 5 and NaV 2 O 5 using exact numerical diagonalization of a quarter-filled extended Hubbard model on a system of coupled ladders. In particular, electronic correlations are treated exactly, and a quantitative agreement between calculated and experimentally observed optical conductivity of these two vanadium oxides is presented. Furthermore, it is found that LiV 2 O 5 differs from NaV 2 O 5 not only in the charge ordering pattern but also in the nature of the interladder coupling: In contrast to LiV 2 O 5 , in NaV 2 O 5 neighboring ladders are coupled by a strong Coulomb repulsion, and not by interladder hopping.


Extant research on Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) stress the significance of appropriate charging facilities that are available within reach when needed. For a BEV rental agency that provides free-floating rental vehicles, keeping the vehicles in charged state relies on the availability of convenient charging facilities across a wide area (e.g., city) and rental customers to properly connect vehicle to charger upon returning the vehicle. While a BEV that has zero charge is as good as its absence from the rental customer's perspective, one that does not have enough charge for the short trip envisioned by the renter may suffer a similar fate. We study the dynamics associated with charging BEVs in a free-floating rental platform. Specifically, we model and determine the optimal charged state of BEV rental vehicles in a free-floating platform.


Vitamin E was an essential nutrient and played an important role in organisms for its antioxidant function.Although vitamin E was important in human and animal health,the primary source of vitamin E came from green plants.In this review,the plant vitamins E biosynthesis pathways,gene cloning and metabolic regulation of related enzyme such as geranylgeranyldi phosphate reductase. p -hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase,homogentisate phytyltransferase,2-methyl-6-phytyl-1,4-benzoquinone methyltransferase, tocopherol cyclase,γ-tocopherol methyltransferase and phytol kinase were summarized,and the research direction in the future was predicted.


Both female and paternal parents of the new variety of Luxing Chinese cabbage are self-seed from self-cross plants of imported variety with superior quality. The hybrid seed of F1 is of strong growth vigor, superior marketing value and wide adaptability. When harvested, the variety is 39 cm in height, 17~20 leaves, 200~250 g. Its leaf is green, ellipse. Leaf stem is verdant green, wide, thick and with a dented line. The weight rate between leaf and leaf-stem is about (0.55.) The head of matured plant is bulgy, and constringent in the waist, and with attractive shapeliness for sale. The yield is 22.5 t·hm~(-2) in summer, and 45 t·hm~(-2) in autumn. Two years of regional trials indicate that the yield of Luxing variety is 32.8% higher than Aijiaohuang, 11.3% higher than suzhouging. Luxing is fit planting in area where people like varieties with green leaf-stem.


Mobile GIS allows users who work in the field to acquire, edit, update, store, display and analyse data. It combines modern technologies such as mobile devices (tablet, smartphone), software (applications in Android and iOS), location of a point / place using GNSS transmitter and providing wireless connectivity via the internet. An important step in any scientific research should be the verification of the obtained results, which can be done by using a modern tool such as mobile GIS. In this article the characteristics of mobile GIS will be presented as well as selected examples of modern research carried out at universities in Germany: Technische Hochschule Georg Agricola University (THGA), Technical University Bergakademie Freiberg (TUBAF) and Poland – Wrocław University of Science and Technology (WUST).


ABSTRACT The popular framework of cortical entrainment postulates that speech comprehension crucially depends on the continuous alignment of low-frequency cortical oscillatory activity with the amplitude envelope of perceived acoustic speech signals. The evidence for cortical entrainment mostly stems from tightly controlled experimental paradigms focusing on repeated perception of isolated sentences that feature a very constant speaking rate. However, these kinds of decontextualised and extremely regular stimuli do not reflect natural speech as we encounter it in real life. We thus advance the view that naturalistic experimental paradigms, utilising spontaneously produced speech as stimuli and suitable frequency-domain methodological tools, should be used to address an important question that remains open: whether cortical entrainment is observed during speech perception and comprehension in real-life communicative situations. In addition, we discuss how the phenomenon currently labelled as cortical entrainment might be confounded by a regular repetition of evoked responses.


The purpose of this study looks for the directions to improve the performance evaluation of cook by examining the perceptions for performance of cook by supervisors in hotel restaurant. In order for this purpose, this study focuss on two areas: (1) the significant differences of each hotel type on the perceptions of each performance evaluation item, (2) the significant differences of each kitchen type on the perceptions of each performance evaluation item in terms of two different types of hotel. To examine (1) and (2). this study uses Student t test and anova analysis. The findings from this study have both theoretical and practical implications. Implications of these findings are discussed.


The contributors to this book examine the economic constraints to growth and development faced by sub-Saharan African countries. These constraints include the underdevelopment of domestic capital markets, the lack of national and regional infrastructures, and the ongoing dependence on the export of commodities whose prices and markets are volatile and remain largely determined by the large companies of western countries.


The sun is the most abundant source of carbon-free sustainable energy, but current solar cells can only capture energy from a limited portion of the solar spectrum—specifically those photons with energies above the solar cell bandgap. Here, we explore a promising approach to reduce such transmission losses: placing an upconverter behind the solar cell. Upconverting materials can absorb low-energy photons and emit higher-energy photons back toward the solar cell, thereby improving the cell's photocurrent. An ideal upconverter can increase the efficiency of an ideal solar cell from 30% to 44%. Existing upconverting materials offer much smaller improvements, though a boost in their upconverter efficiency could yield an absolute increase in solar cell efficiency of over 2%. We discuss several schemes to improve upconverter efficiency, focusing on the use of nanophotonic and plasmonic antennas to increase the absorption and emission of upconverters. These schemes can in theory enable orders-of-magnitude improvement in upconverter efficiency, positioning the technology for significant commercial applications.


The present invention relates to a hydraulic lifting mechanism for a jack-up drilling platforms technical field, particularly relates. The mechanism includes a transverse pulley transverse rail, the trolley and the hydraulic motor, a hydraulic motor driven by the pulley gear rack can be laterally movable in the transverse rail, the trolley includes a longitudinal vertical rails, and a hydraulic motor pulley, the pulley driving gear by the hydraulic motor, the teeth Article longitudinal rail can be moved in the longitudinal, lateral pulley mounted on the longitudinal trolley, telescoping upper three transverse beams welded to the trolley, the lower end of three telescoping boom clamp beam connected to each one of the telescopic beams telescopically three beams through roller chain slide. The present invention achieves a small footprint, high lifting and mounting accuracy, without human assistance, easy operation, low cost, no spark, safety.


Marine and freshwater shrimp are overexploited worldwide due to their high commercial value being usually fished in a predatory manner. The concern about conserving the stocks for economical or ecological reasons has been threatened by the absence of molecular markers for the majority of these species. In this work, we described ten anonymous microsatellites isolated from an enriched-library with magnetic beads technology of Penaeus (Litopenaeus) vannamei genome, considered the most economically important marine shrimp in the world. In addition, we tested these loci and a panel of 21 Simple Sequence Repeat from Expressed Sequence Tag (EST-SSR) loci, also isolated from P. vannamei, in ten other marine and two freshwater shrimp species. The cross species amplification success rate ranged from 32 to 77% in Macrobrachium jelskii and Penaeus (Litopenaeus) schmitti, respectively. These microsatellites appear conservative in a wide spectrum of shrimp groups, facilitating genetic studies in those species in which no microsatellites have been yet described.

 Key words: Conservative, Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR), shrimp genetic, penaeid, Macrobrachium.


Unless a surgeon is determined never to change, he or she will have to consider adopting new techniques in order to improve results. While I believe that change for its own sake is senseless, change for progress is necessary, but only if sufficient data have demonstrated that it is progress. Someone once asked Hemingway what an author should write about. He allegedly replied, "People." Further pushed about kinds of people, Hemingway answered: "There are two kinds: bastards and sons-of-bitches." I am not so cynical about human beings in general or surgeons in specific. From my perspective, however, there are three varieties of surgeons: Those who innovate Those who do not innovate nor change Those who neither innovate nor change The innovators among us are like Daniel Boone; they are willing, even enthusiastic, to assume risk and to venture into the unknown. Their nature is to live on the edge in the operating room and perhaps outside it. Their personality impels them to change, to discard the security of the old for the challenge of the new. Taking chances gives them a high; playing it safe does the opposite. Without the innovators in our specialty—and we have had many outstanding ones—progress would have been slow or absent. These pioneers are far outnumbered by the followers and nonfollowers, the latter preferring to remain where they are. There is something to be said for continuing a method that has given good or better results with minimal risk. However, it is hard never to change in one's profession, especially in medicine. An internist, for example, who has not deviated for decades in diagnosis and treatment calls to mind what Talleyrand said of the Bourbons: "They have learned nothing and forgotten nothing." Like most people, most surgeons are neither leaders nor squatters, but followers, willing to advance when shown a better way. If, when, and to what degree to change are individual matters. There are those who always are looking for an opportunity to do something new. They read this Journal and attend meetings to find something novel that will do better for their patients and themselves. While they may not be the discoverers, they are the leaders of the followers. They are important to progress because they disseminate the new. On the contrary, if they are prestigious and rail against innovation, they can consign it to the grave, but they also may spare us from folly if that innovation is bogus or hazardous. In adopting a new technique, there are several major factors: The features of the new technique The reputation of the presenter(s) The characteristics of the surgeon considering the technique


Abstract Effective diffusion coefficient (D-value) is an important parameter for the extraction process. In this study, a cylindrical model to estimate the D-value of betanin extraction from red beet roots was developed. The influence of extraction temperature, pH, cylindrical thickness and type of acids on the D-value was also investigated. The optimal parameters of betanin extraction were 30°C, pH 4.0 adjusted with sulfurous acid or acetic acid. D-values under the above conditions were 18.95×10−11 m2/s and 17.87×10−11 m2/s, respectively. The result showed that D-value elevated with the increase of cylindrical thickness, which was consistent with earlier conclusion from spherical model. The modeling may be useful for the investigation into extraction process and practical application.


User authentication and feedback gathering are crucial aspects
for recommender systems. The most common implementations, a
username / password login and star rating systems, require user
interaction and a cognitive effort from the user. As a result, users
opt to save their password in the interface and optional feedback
with a star rating system is often skipped, especially for applica-
tions such as video watching in a home environment. In this article,
we propose an alternative method for user authentication based
on facial recognition and an automatic feedback gathering method
by detecting various face characteristics. Using facial recognition
with a camera in a tablet, smartphone, or smart TV, the persons in
front of the screen can be identified in order to link video watch-
ing sessions to their user profile. During video watching, implicit
feedback is automatically gathered through emotion recognition,
attention measurements, and behavior analysis. An emotion finger-
print, which is defined as a unique spectrum of expected emotions
for a video scene, is compared to the recognized emotions in order
to estimate the experience of a user while watching. An evaluation
with a test panel showed that happiness can be most accurately
detected and the recognized emotions are correlated with the user's
star rating.


Studying the behavior of cuttings transport under various conditions using experimental observations and computational fluid dynamics is the main method for analyzing the influence of cuttings, fluid and operating parameters on well cleaning. Despite the existing abundant models and recommendations of researchers, still there are problems with the accuracy of determining the cuttings layer height, critical velocity and other key parameters, which complicates the task of effective solution of the problem of borehole cleaning. The purpose of the study is to analyze the models obtained via the organization of a full factorial experiment and variance analysis to identify the influence of such factors as viscosity and flow rate of the drilling fluid in the annular space and the inclination angle of the well on the degree of cuttings transport. The studies of the kind are carried out using special devices called flow loops. Experimental data were taken from literature sources. To organize a full factorial experiment, the data of the dependent variable were combined into a combinational square, which simplified the coding of factor values. After setting the full factorial experiment, the models were obtained that made it possible to assess the contribution of the studied factors to the process of destruction product removal within the intervals determined while setting the research tasks. The obtained models allowed to determine the influence degree of each of the factors on the process under investigation. The results of the succeeding analysis of variance confirmed the indicated degree of influence and determined the rank of each of the factors in percentage.


;Ilosptal. causes sewious drain upon them The wisdom of .giviga gustpr ,quo,tinthe irnofticketsof admission, has oftw.bee called. in question.. Intsome plaes,. such, for enmple, at Oxford, Jotapon, Sheffed, sa Newcastle.on-Tne, no tickets are issued SQZ o ptiozsw received. The sums of money are regarded as donsAnd it-is obvious that some chage will have to be. made At dlesbrougb,. if the Hospital Sunday is to help, and not to hinder, the goodwork of the Infirmda an& Cottage Hospital.


The synthesis and characterization of multiynylthiophenes, tetrakis(4-alkoxyphenylethynyl)thiophenes (1) and tris(4-alkoxyphenylethynyl)thiophenes (2), are reported, and their structure−mesomorphism relationship is discussed. The tetraynyl series 1 with a trapezoid core do not show any liquid-crystalline properties. With one less peripheral arm, series 2 compounds are of the Y-shape geometry with rigid linear spacers and nematic phases are observed for the octyloxyl, decyloxyl, and dodecyloxyl derivatives. Although the dipole−dipole interactions, desymmetrization, and disparity of the mesogenic cores can be accountable for their corresponding mesomorphic behaviors, the formation of the nematic phases of 2 may be most likely attributed to the shape disparity of these two series of compounds.


Abstract Two assimilation schemes are described in which continuous indirect insertion of satellite-derived temperatures is performed, using a global primitive equation forecast model. Both schemes employ a relatively simple indirect insertion technique but utilize different methods (Noise Freezing Methods I and II) to control the noise induced within the forecast model by data insertion. Using data collected in February 1976 during NASA Data Systems Test 6, the effectiveness of these schemes is compared with that of a third scheme in which satellite-derived temperatures are assimilated using the same techniques that most operational forecast centers employ. After a 36 h start-up period, 48 h forecasts were produced using each assimilation scheme and root-mean-square errors computed for the differences between the forecast fields and upper-air observations of geopotential height. The forecasts of geopotential height made using the noise freezing methods are found to show substantial improvements over thos...


Embedded within advice for starting simple with online, blended, or technology-enhanced teaching are practices that can be troublesome for some faculty who are learning to teach this way. For example, embedded within the principle of a clear, organized, navigable course can be the concept of chunking content into modules, the skills associated with screen casting and posting a course tour, and the practice of socializing students to the course organization through demonstration, explanation, and reinforcement. This empirical-qualitative study collected 123 cases of troublesome knowledge from 41 participants and analyzed them through Perkins' troublesome knowledge framework. Results include subcategories and common themes across cases of inert, ritual, conceptually difficult, tacit, and foreign/alien knowledge. From these results, we recommend that faculty development approaches should take specific aspects and cases of troublesome knowledge into consideration for online teaching preparation.


With the rise in vehicle use, the amount of emissions at road intersections has raised, causing harm to those who are connected directly to it. It is proposed to control emissions using the Internet of Things (IoT) over stoplights, the ventilation levels of vehicles, and also the consistency of living air. The Internet of Things (IoT) carries out signals. A sensing element and a temperature probe are used in this prototype system. Carbon dioxide, greenhouse gases, and other toxic gases are identified by a sensor. In the air, carbon dioxide, dust, acid, and moisture are present. This analysis is accurate, distributed to the microcontroller on a daily basis and published to the web browser. The Wi-Fi module is a piece of hardware that allows to connect to the internet. On this basis the ON/OFF road markings modify the timing thresholds automatically. At traffic lights, this suggested technique degree of control emissions and climate.


Objective: The paper wos to investigate the growth modulation of somatostatin(SS) on human pancreas carcinoma cell strain HS766T and by measuring the concentrations of sphingomylin(SM), intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphae (cAMP) and free calcium, and then to find the pathways of postreceptor signal transduction. Methods: HS766T cells were cultured in DMEM medium and then were treated with the SS. Proliferation and viability of cell were measured by the Mosmanns method (MTT). Amount of SM in cells were determined by thin layer chromotograph. Intracellular cAMP levels were detected by radioimmunoassay . Intracellular Ca 2+ level was measured by using a F 2000 Flurorescerce spectrophotometer. Results: SS inhibited the proliferation of HS766T in a concentration dependent manner (P 0.01 ,r=-0.921). Production of intracellular SM,intracellular cAMP and Ca 2+ in HS766T cells were inhibited by SS. The amount of production was negatively correlation with concentration of SS (P0.01). Conclusion: The proliferation of HS766T were inhibited by SS. The effect of SS on human pancreatic cancer cells might be mediated by specific receptor.


The dogma regarding the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes has evolved over the last decade to view the islet β-cell as the final determinant of whether glucose tolerance is normal or abnormal (1). While obesity and insulin resistance have reached epidemic proportions around the world, the presence of an appropriate compensation of insulin secretion ("healthy β-cells") allows daylong glycemia to be indistinguishable from metabolically normal individuals (2). In turn, pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes result from progressive β-cell dysfunction (3). As such, an army of researchers worldwide is searching for the pathogenic basis of this β-cell dysfunction, along with strategies of when, and how, to intervene. What has resulted is a reasonably good mapping of the natural history of the β-cell dysfunction, plus a lengthy list of potential mechanisms. Most are based on animal studies; therefore, homing in on the operative mechanisms in humans remains a challenge. Still, there is high confidence within the β-cell research arena that we are on the right track to identifying the molecular details of β-cell compensation and failure.

Figure 1 shows the proposed stages of β-cell dysfunction. It begins early, perhaps at birth, with β-cells that are programmed to be at risk to fail ("susceptible β-cells"). Indeed, the recent genome-wide scans have identified many susceptibility genes for type 2 diabetes that likely impact the development and ongoing homeostasis of the mass of β-cells, as well as insulin secretion and synthesis (4). Although direct evidence is lacking, many are betting that a lowered mass of normally functional β-cells, from genetics …


In 1873, within two years of the publication of The Descent of Man, Friedrich Max Mueller wrote: There is one difficulty which Mr Darwin has not sufficiently appreciated … There is between the whole animal kingdom on the one side, and man, even in his lowest state, on the other, a barrier which no animal has ever crossed, and that barrier is – Language … If anything has a right to the name of specific difference, it is language, as we find it in man, and in man only … If we removed the name of specific difference from our philosophic dictionaries, I should still hold that nothing deserves the name of man except what is able to speak … a speaking elephant or an elephantine speaker could never be called an elephant.' and (quoting Schleicher) 'If a pig were ever to say to me, "I am a pig" it would ipso facto cease to be a pig'.


Kurt Lewin's seminal work in organizational communication could potentially help solve many dilemmas faced by workplace literacy programs as they attempt to ensure that program participants not only learn basic skills but also use them in the context of work. According to Lewin's "field theory" approach, an individual's behavior is a function of the interdependent variables of the person and the environment, and the relative ease of inducing a new behavior is the product of the interplay between forces driving toward change in behavior and forces opposing change. The dynamics of these forces may be understood through the example of a nonnative speaker of English learning to use English in the workplace. Lewin believed that resistance to change depends partly on the value of the group standard for the individual. Lewin's action research suggests a three-step model of change that workplace literacy educators could use to help their students develop, use, and retain workplace literacy skills. The model's three steps are as follows: unfreezing old habits to create a state allowing for experimentation with new behaviors, making the actual change, and "refre.:zing" (retaining newly learned behaviors on a long-term basis through regular practice and consistent reinforcement.) (MN) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by MRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ***********************************************************************


The purpose of this study is to identify factors affecting COVID-19 Phobia. For analysis, data from 1,233 adults over 18 years of age who participated in the 󰡔 2020 G Citizen ' s Happiness Improvement Index Development and Actual Condition Survey 󰡕 were used. Satistical analysis was performed to examine the degree of COVID-19 Phobia and the characteristics of the research participants. An analysis of the average difference in COVID-19 Phobia according to the personal/social relationship characteristics of respondents was conducted. In addition, multiple regression analysis was used to examine factors influencing the COVID-19 Phobia. Analysis results found that respondents ' COVID-19 Phobia was little higher. Women, the elderly, as well as those with higher education levels, depressive symptoms, or were unemployed, showed a higher COVID-19 Phobia. Second, individual characteristics that influenced the COVID-19 Phobia included gender, age, subjective health, and depression. In the case of women and the elderly, an those with poor subjective health or with depression, the COVID-19 Phobia increased. Third, characteristics of social relations that affected COVID-19 Phobia incluede the presence of a person for help, family trust, and a sense of belonging to the community and appeared to be high. In other words, it was found that family trust and sense of belonging to the community had a negative effect on COVID-19 Phobia. Based on the results of this study, policy and practical implications for reducing COVID-19 Phobia were suggested.


Impedance Control is one of the most effective control methods for the manipulators in contact with their environments. The characteristics of force and motion control, however, are determined by the desired impedance of end-effectors which must be designed according to the given tasks. In the present paper, we propose a method to regulate impedance parameters of the manipulator's end-effector using neural networks. Three kinds of the Back Propagation typed neural networks are prepared corresponding to position, velocity and force control of the end-effector. Firstly, the neural networks for position and velocity control are trained using iterative learning of the manipulator during free movements. Then, the neural network for force control is trained for contact movements. During the contact movement, the virtual trajectory of the end-effector is modified to reduce the force control error. Computer simulations shows that the method can regulate not only stiffness and viscosity but also inertia of the end-effector, and can realize smooth transition from free to contact movements by regulating impedance parameters before contact.


The Ontario Renal Network, a division of Cancer Care Ontario and an agency of the provincial government, is responsible for overseeing and funding the delivery of chronic kidney disease services across Ontario. By establishing consistent standards and guidelines, based on the best available evidence, along with information systems that measure performance, the ORN supports a continuously improving kidney care system in Ontario.


Schizophrenia is a debilitating psychiatric disorder affecting approximately 1% of the population worldwide. Disturbances of the homocysteine metabolism are important factors in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. In this research, a novel validated LC-MS/MS quantification procedure was developed to investigate three significant compounds of homocysteine metabolism, homocysteine, cysteine and methionine in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls. Sample preparation involved a reduction with dithiothreitol followed by protein precipitation, and the chromatographic runtime was 2 min. The LC-MS/MS method was validated according to CLSI C62-A and Chinese Guidance for Liquid Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry Clinical Application. The performance of the method was excellent with a coefficient of variation for precision in the range 0.5%-6.9%, an accuracy from 90.4% to 101.6%. In addition, the practical applicability of the method was demonstrated by applying it in the routine sample analysis for the schizophrenic patient. Increased homocysteine levels and decreased cysteine levels were observed in the patient with schizophrenia. These results indicate that the activity of transsulfuration pathway may play a key role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.


Human metabolism is tightly related to the circadian cycle, intervening in physiological processes such as sleeping and eating, which are essential for the regulation of the behavior. Adequate time to sleep daily, avoid physical, emotional and social environment damage, besides being essential and necessary for the homeostasis of the body. The collected data from National Survey on the Use of Time in 2009 (enut-2009) applied by Instituto Nacional de las Mujeres (inm) and Instituto Nacional de Estadistica y Geografia (inegi), show the sleeping time results analyzed in Mexican population from 12 years and older. The sample includes a total of 57 918 people, of which 48.5 % are men and 51.5 % are women. The considered dependent variable was the weekly time dedicated to sleep. Different socio-demographic factors that could influence the sleeping time were also included, such as: marital status, education level, residence place, employment status and kinship at home. The statistical results tests found that women, young, old, single, separated, widowed, people living in rural areas and lower levels of schooling, sleep significantly longer compared to other population groups.


The X I S T gene is implicated in X chromosome inactivation, yet the RNA contains no apparent open reading frame. An accumulation of XIST RNA is observed near its site of transcription, the inactive X chromosome (Xi). A series of molecular cytogenetic studies comparing properties of XIST RNA to other protein coding RNAs, support a critical distinction for XIST RNA; XIST does not concentrate at Xi simply because it is transcribed and processed there. Most notably, morphometric and 3-D analysis reveals that XIST RNA and Xi are coincident in 2and 3-D space; hence, the XIST RNA essentially paints Xi. Several resuits indicate that the XIST RNA accumulation has two components, a minor one associated with transcription and processing, and a spliced major component, which stably associates with Xi. Upon transcriptional inhibition the major spliced component remains in the nucleus and often encircles the extra-prominent heterochromatic Barr body. The continually transcribed X I S T gene and its polyadenylated RNA consistently localize to a nuclear region devoid of splicing factor/poly A RNA rich domains. XIST RNA remains with the nuclear matrix fraction after removal of chromosomal DNA. XIST RNA is released from its association with Xi during mitosis, but shows a unique highly particulate distribution. Collective results indicate that XIST RNA may be an architectural element of the interphase chromosome territory, possibly a component of nonchromatin nuclear structure that specifically associates with Xi. XIST RNA is a novel nuclear RNA which potentially provides a specific precedent for RNA involvement in nuclear structure and cis-limited gene regulation via higher-order chromatin packaging. I NACTIVATION of the X chromosome in mammalian females as a means to achieve gene dosage compensation was hypothesized over 30 years ago (Lyon, 1961). Because of its enormous biological and clinical importance, this process has been studied extensively and many varying models have been proposed. However, the molecular mechanisms involved remain largely undefined (reviewed in Gartler and Riggs, 1983; Gartler et al., 1992; Rastan, 1994). It is generally agreed that the X inactivation process involves at least three stages: (a) an initiation event which culminates in distinguishing the active X chromosome; (b) propagation of inactivation in cis throughout the X chromosome; and (c) maintenance of inactivation throughout the cell cycle and cell division. Inactive genes on the X chromosome are methylated, however some evidence indicates that methylation appears to follow rather than precede or be precisely concomitant with inactivation (Lock et al., 1987). The visibly condensed state of the Barr Address all correspondence to C. Clemson, Department of Cell Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester, MA 01655. Tel.: (508) 856-6016. Fax: (508) 856-5612. body, formed by heterochromatinization of all or part of the inactive X chromosome (Barr and Carr, 1962), indicates that a change in higher-level chromatin packaging is involved in the global transcriptional silencing in cis. Because of the exceptional stability of X inactivation it has been postulated that multiple levels of control are involved to assure its maintenance (Brown and Willard, 1994). A potential breakthrough for investigating regulation of this process is provided by the identification of a novel human gene, XIST (Brown et al., 1991a), and its mouse counterpart, Xist (Borsani et al., 1991; Brockdorff et al., 1991), which are likely candidates for involvement in X inactivation. XIST maps to the X inactivation center (XIC), 1 the locus required in cis for inactivation to occur (Russell, 1963; Mattei et al., 1981; Brown et al., 1991b) and is expressed exclusively from the inactive X chromosome (Xi) (Brown et al., 1991a, 1992). While several human genes have been described that escape inactivation and are 1. Abbreviations used in this paper: CSK, cytoskeleton; Xi, inactive X; XIC, X inactivation center; 2-, and 3-D, twoand three-dimensional. © The Rockefeller University Press, 0021-9525/96/02/259/17 $2.00 The Journal of Cell Biology, Volume 132, Number 3, February 1996 259-275 259 on M arch 5, 2011 jcb.rress.org D ow nladed fom Published February 1, 1996


We looked at fostering growth and trade. Protracted weakness and the persistence of prominent downside risks are not only common factors in many of our economies, but are also global phenomena. The weakness in global trade growth – which has decelerated sharply in recent quarters – is particularly pronounced. Trade tensions and increased protectionism are key drivers of the observed weakness in trade and can also explain part of the subdued momentum in global activity. While some countries might have benefited from positive trade diversion effects, such benefits may have been more than offset by elevated trade policy uncertainty. Current subdued GDP growth rates are, however, also homemade. Not sufficiently addressed fiscal and structural weaknesses and low levels of investment typically explain subdued growth figures. In addition, political events – and sometimes tensions – aggravate the situation. Still, the specific country experiences with policy mixes targeted towards increasing potential growth, productivity and investment, while also addressing inequality, are among the most interesting takeaways for me. And the important role of institutions in the reform process has once again come to the fore. On the positive side, there are pockets of opportunity. There are, for example, efforts in both the euro area and Latin America to open up further and to facilitate trade, though the situation differs significantly across countries. There are clear benefits of opening up and facilitating trade and integration – which seem too often forgotten in the public domain these days. However, it is also evident that the most sustainable overall welfare gains are only seen when sufficient attention is given to redistribution. Inequality is a cause for concern, not just in many Latin American countries but also in the euro area. We also reflected on global financial governance and the Eminent Persons Group (EPG) report. The EPG recommendations are comprehensive and far-reaching. Reform proposals cover many issues: Development Capital flows and financial stability Risk surveillance Enhancing the Global Financial Safety Net and Governance.


This paper deals with two Nearctic species groups of the ant genus Myrmica. The punctiventris group includes four species: M. pinetorum Wheeler, M. punctiventris Roger, M. semiparasitica n. sp. and M. punctinops n. sp. The first three occur in the eastern deciduous forest biome, while M. punctinops is presently known only from California. A key to species for the group is provided. The crassirugis group is established to include two new species: M. crassirugis and M. wheelerorum. These ant species are associated with warm climates of western North America. General ecology and distribution data based on this study are presented. All species are illustrated with photographs.


SUMMARY A two-dimensional compressible magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) computational model has been developed to study the effect of gassing material on air arc behavior in low voltage circuit breaker. The properties of arc plasma and the electric, magnetic and radiative phenomena have been taken into account in the model. Based on the model, steady state solutions have been performed to study the effect of gassing material on the arc radius and electric field in the arc column. Then, the effect of gassing material on the transient process of arc motion also has been simulated. In addition, using the two-dimensional optical fiber measurement system, experiments have been done to measure the average velocity of arc motion with one model chamber and to verify the simulation model and prediction results. It demonstrates that the action of gassing material may yield the stronger electric field, less arc radius and higher arc motion velocity.


The values of organizational culture influencing increase of efficiency of enterprise activity are considered. The ways of strong organizational culture formation and also the values of organizational cultures of the various domestic enterprises are defined, their semantic interpretation is given.


Based on a polyphase decomposition, the problem of designing 2-D finite impulse response (FIR) half-band filters is reduced to its lowest complexity. Curves of approximation errors versus the relative transition width are reported for a large set of optimal non-separable half-band filters. For a 1-D half-band filter, the optimal approximation error only depends upon two parameters, which are the filter length and the transition width.<<ETX>>


In a minimally invasive surgical system, a hand tracking system tracks the position of a sensor element mounted on a portion of a human hand. Based on the orientation of the part of the human hand generates a system control parameter. The operation is the use of minimally invasive surgical system of the control parameter to control the system. Therefore, the minimally invasive surgical system includes a hand tracking system. The hand tracking system can track where a part of the human hand. Connected to the hand tracking system, a controller converts the position into a system control parameter, and based on the parameters of the control system to inject a minimally invasive surgical system command.


Simple Summary Mediterranean forest rangelands constitute essential feed resources for grazing goats. The objective of this study was to evaluate the temporal variations in chemical composition, in vitro digestibility, and metabolizable energy of browsed plant species by goats on forest rangelands of the Southern Mediterranean of northern Morocco. Overall, the nutritive value of the selected plant species was highest in spring and then steadily decreased through the summer and autumn. Most of the selected plant species present high levels of crude protein than the minimum required level for maintenance. This study provides a valuable and useful database to elaborate the seasonal grazing and feeding management plan for goat herds. Abstract Forest rangelands contribute largely to goat diets in the Mediterranean area. Information about browsed plant quality is essential for adequate feeding management. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the temporal changes in chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of the main plant species selected by goats in the Southern Mediterranean forest rangeland during two consecutive years; these were very contrasted (dry and wet). The browsed species were composed of herbaceous, eleven shrubs, and four tree species. Overall, large variability in chemical composition, in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD), and metabolizable energy (ME) was observed among species, grazing season (spring, summer, and autumn), and years within each species. Crude protein (CP) content varied from 60 to 240 g/kg dry matter (DM). The fiber fractions, except for Quercus suber, increased significantly by advancing maturity. Due to the water stress, the lignin level presented a higher value during the spring of the dry year. Condensed tannin (CT) content varied from 2 to 184 g/kg DM. CP, IVOMD, and ME showed a negative correlation with lignin and CT. Based on the results presented herein, it is concluded that the nutritive value of the browsed plant species was highest in the spring and lowest during the summer and autumn of both studied years. With a good grazing management strategy, the selected plant species by goats could guarantee high-quality feeding resources throughout the year.


Larvae of Chaoborus flavicans (Diptera: Chaoboridae) are common in various lakes and are important members of plankton communities. To assess gene flow between lakes, we sampled several populations throughout Europe. To explicitly test whether gene flow is higher within regions than between regions, we examined four regions each containing several populations. For a detailed analysis of regional gene flow, 12 populations within a region in North Germany were analysed. Allozymes and mitochondrial restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) were used to estimate the relative amounts of gene flow. Results indicate that most of the dispersal in C. flavicans takes place between lakes within regions. Therefore, the population genetic structure of C. flavicans sets this species apart from other planktonic organisms, which are mainly passive dispersers and display low gene flow between lakes within regions. Consequently, these data are the first evidence that C. flavicans may form an important link between lakes within regions. Local adaptation within lakes may be decreased because of these processes, and the role of C. flavicans as a biomonitor of local lake conditions needs to be carefully reinvestigated.


This article investigates differences between native Germans and Turkish immigrants in the timing of leaving their parental homes in Germany. By using event history models, it is shown that leaving the parental home is closely linked to the intervening life-event of marriage, particularly among Turkish women. Moreover, there are interaction effects of religious norm orientation with gender which differ between native Germans and Turkish immigrants. In contrast to Turkish immigrants, the linkage of marriage and leaving home became much weaker over birth-cohorts with time in the group of German women. Finally, analyses of sequence patterns also show remarkable differences between native Germans and Turkish immigrants in the process of leaving home. Religious norm orientation turns out to be less important in the Turkish group than in the native German group.


An anisotropic complementary metantenna (ACMA) is proposed for the integration of low sidelobe radiation and low in-band co-polarized (IBCP) scattering with the aid of characteristic mode analysis (CMA). With the guidance of CMA, the proposed ACMA evolving from a conventional metantenna (MTA) not only generates a coding phase distribution for low scattering but also restores broadside radiation modes like a uniform MTA. With the IBCP conditions set to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$x$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-polarization and the band around 9 GHz, the ACMA is constructed by mixing two types of double-layer anisotropic complementary metasurface (MTS) unit cells. Two desired characteristic modes of ACMA are simultaneously excited by a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity through dual bow-tie slots. Both the simulation and experiments demonstrate that the proposed ACMA achieves both the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$x$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-polarized broadside radiation with sidelobe level below −18.9 dB and IBCP scattering levels below −17.8 dB over the frequency range from 8.87 to 9.78 GHz.


Introduction POEMS (Polyneuropathy, Organomegaly, Endocrinopathy, Monoclonal gammopathy, and Skin changes) syndrome is a rare multi-system disorder characterised by a monoclonal plasma cell disorder and peripheral neuropathy in combination with a myriad of other clinical features. Several patient cohorts have previously been described leading to the formulation of diagnostic criteria. For the purposes of establishing a specialist centre in the United Kingdom we collected data of our patient cohort and compared it with previous reports. Methods Demographic data for patients currently known to our clinic with an established diagnosis of POEMS (n=52) was extracted from an already existing database. Clinic letters for these patients were retrospectively screened for clinical features, diagnostic criteria, treatments given and response to treatment, occasionally supplemented by review of historical investigation results. The data was collected in a newly established database designed to facilitate future prospective data collection. Results Our cohort currently consists of 52 patients from a mixed ethnic background, with a male to female ratio of 4.2:1 (n=42 vs 10 respectively) and a median age of 57; median age at diagnosis was 49. The majority of patients were referred to our centre from across the United Kingdom between 2009 and 2015. The prevalence of diagnostic criteria broadly resembles previously published cohorts (see table). 17 patients received radiotherapy for limited disease while 31 patients underwent autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplant (ASCT); 18 patients received at least one line of systemic chemotherapy. A subgroup review of patients who underwent ASCT showed sustained clinical improvements in 83% of patients reviewed; 61% of patients who received radiotherapy had a documented sustained improvement. Patients receiving chemotherapy showed a more variable response; of note, 4 out of 6 patients treated with a combination of lenalidomide and dexamethasone were documented to have had significant clinical improvement. 3 patients died during the period of follow-up at the ages of 70, 63 and 63, respectively. Death occurred between 4 and 15 months following diagnosis; none of the deceased patients underwent ASCT or radiotherapy. Discussion We report the basic demographic and clinical outcomes of a new cohort of patients with this rare condition. Our cohort broadly resembles other previously published reports, as does our experience with therapeutic options. Radiotherapy appears to be effective in stabilising or improving limited disease confined to a solitary plasmacytoma or few lytic foci, while autologous stem cell transplantation achieves sustained improvement in the majority of patients with more diffuse disease. Chemotherapy offers further treatment options for patients not suitable for either of those, with lenalidomide becoming an increasingly promising agent. Retrospective data collection and the establishment of a database for prospective study will enable us to further investigate this group with a view to expand our understanding of this poorly understood disease. Disclosures Yong:Autolus Ltd: Equity Ownership, Patents & Royalties: APRIL based chimeric antigen receptor; Janssen: Research Funding.


A SMALL Arthropod was discovered by one of us (S. H. J.) in the course of investigations of the Coal Measures of the area around Ammanford, Carmarthenshire, on the north crop of the South Wales Coalfield. It is preserved in a fine grained, light blue shale from the roof of the Little Vein (lower part of the Pulchra Zone of Davies and Trueman), at the Blaina Colliery, Pantyffnon, about one mile south-west of Ammanford. The specimen is in the collection of the University College of Swansea, No. A. 152.


The Reader Replies regularly carries comments by readers on the contents of the preceding American Scholar Forum. In the Autumn Number, for example, The Reader Replies will contain letters about the debate in the current number on the question: "Is This Education?'9 ^lll such communications should be addressed to: The Editor, The American Scholar, 5 East 44 Street, New York 17, N. Y., and should not exceed 300 words in length. Because of limitations of space, the editors cannot guarantee to print all such communications received. Letters intended for publication in the Autumn Number should be mailed before August 10. (Editor)


Internet needs in education has become a basic requirement, whether it is for faculty, students, complementary components of universities such as bureaus, public relations, TU, and non-academic staff. As the number of Internet users continues to increase, especially in educational institutions, including STTA's, an observation of the STTA Internet network data stream is conducted. A parameter to be observed is user's load, as it affects the quality of services that will be generated by the STTA Internet Network. This research provides an analysis to measure the size o f user load as well as to know the amount of loss so that it can be a reference in subsequent research to reduce the amount of loss in order to fit in the good categor y traffic. Model sharing system is used to describe traffic data both elastic and stream at flow level. Observation results show that the average arrival rate of STTA is 11 kbps with average service rate of 59 kbps. This research uses the measured throughput of 86 Mbps. Throughput is calculated from the total number of bits of a successful packet arrivals per second via a network system. With the Internet link capacity of 100 Mbps STTA, after the analysis by the method of sharing system, it is seen that the traffic flow loss is 16%. From this traffic flow loss value, it can be concluded that the STTA's Internet is include in medium category.


This contribution discusses the results of a questionnaire focused on the use of some indicators aimed at evaluating the technologies used for teaching foreign languages and Italian as first and second language (L1/L2). Starting from the scientific literature review (Facchetti, Grosso and Nitti), a glottodidactic questionnaire (Nitti 64) was structured to detect the critical issues associated with the adoption of glottotechnology. The sample for the questionnaire was a group of language teachers trained in teaching modern languages and educational linguistics within the courses provided by the Centro Interculturale della Città di Torino (Intercultural Center of the City of Turin). Data analysis clearly shows the desire for linguistic-educational training and the need for further and tighter linkages between the academic and professional spheres


Abstract. Magneto-optical activity is demonstrated in thiolate-protected Au nanoparticles with magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectroscopy. The samples examined are decanethiolate-protected Au nanoparticles with the mean diameters ranging from 2.0 to 4.7 nm. The nanoparticles larger than 2.4 nm in diameter exhibit a derivative-like MCD signal, indicating the presence of two circular modes of surface magnetoplasmon, but the spectral shape is so asymmetric that its identification is rather difficult. This is due to the contribution of interband transitions occurring at around the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) frequency. We then develop an efficient method to phenomenologically separate the effects of magnetoplasmonic intraband (= Drude) and interband transitions in the measured MCD spectra using an approximation that the optical response of the Au nanoparticle with a critical size (∼2.0  nm) for the disappearance of LSPR, which is also experimentally obtainable, is substantially dominated by the interband transitions. The consistency of the method is ensured for tiopronin-protected Au nanoparticles, and a very small bisignate magnetoplasmonic response hidden in the total MCD spectrum can be extracted. The practical advantage of the proposed method is that we can intuitively and effectively evaluate the characteristic features of the surface magnetoplasmon of thiolate-protected Au nanoparticles without performing complicated Mie or quasielectrostatic calculations.


ABSTRACT Videomicroscopy is a relatively user friendly, computerized process that generates video images from well bore cuttings viewed with a microscope. While drilling a well, cuttings from the well bore are collected at the shale shaker every 10-30 feet. This 'sample' of the well bore cuttings is washed, sieved, drained, and placed on the well-lighted stage of a microscope for identification and description. Utilizing videomicroscopy, the image acquisition process is accomplished by positioning the sample under a microscope equipped with a video camera and the appropriate lens(es), focusing the microscope, and capturing still images from the live video signal. The resolution of the image depends or the hardware capability and software settings, the magnification of the image depending on the microscope and lenses. Using videomicroscopy at the wellsite, cuttings are imaged at both low and high magnification, then saved onto disk. Images from the cuttings may be transmitted directly from the wellsite via modem to a remote location within 20 minutes from the time the cuttings are first collected at the shaker, or a digital "morning report" may be prepared and transmitted daily, which contains images of the previous day's cuttings. As a result of videomicroscopy, drilling information, microfossils and other lithologic information from the wellsite, important to engineers and explorationists, may be easily examined and influence decisions which have in the past required much more time, effort and money to resolve. End_of_Record - Last_Page 652-------


Smad4 is a tumor suppressor gene primarily involved in carcinogenesis of the pancreas and colon. The functional inactivation of Smad4 is a late step genetically. In pancreatic carcinogenesis, loss of Smad4 marks the transition to invasive growth. In colorectal cancers, the frequency of Smad4 inactivation is markedly increased in metastatic cancers. We have established cell biological models, re‐expressing Smad4 in deficient human cancer cells, in which we could show that Smad4 is adequate to suppress tumor growth through suppression of angiogenic and invasive properties. Thus, pairs of Smad4‐re‐expressing and Smad4‐deficient cells are prone to model the progression from premalignant stages to carcinomas in the carcinogenic process and may provide access to Smad4 targets of high clinical relevance. We present here a "differential secretome analysis", comparing all the proteins released in vitro from the Smad4‐deficient and Smad4‐re‐expressing SW480 human colon carcinoma cells. The differential secretome catalog comprises more than 25 proteins including proteases and protease inhibitors, as well as established tumor biomarkers. In conclusion, this approach proved to be a sensitive tool to specifically detect Smad4 targets relevant for tumor‐stroma interactions. It is also able to reflect complex alterations of cellular physiology. Moreover, the results support our hypothesis that human tumor markers detectable in serum may be identified through differential secretome analyses.