The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the training program applied for 8 weeks on the physiological and biomotoric properties of male football players aged 12-14 years. A total of 44 male students, including the experimental group (n= 22) and the control group (n = 22), between the ages of 12-14, studying at the 75th year primary school in Antalya, participated in the study voluntarily.In this study, a systematic training program was applied to the students 3 days a week for a total of 8 weeks, taking into account the physical, physiological and psychological limits and developmental characteristics in the form of educational games. In order to evaluate the properties of physiological and biyomotorik children, height, weight, hand grip (claw) , back and leg strength, 20 m, vertical jump, challenging expiration (FEV)1, maximal oxygen consumption (VO Max) 2, Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), resting heart rate, body fat percentage, flexibility tests performed.In the study, the experimental group pre-test and post-test values in the data compared to body weight was found a statistically significant difference (p>0.05), height measurement, vertical jump, hand grip, leg and back Strength, 20 m sprint, MaxVO2, body fat percentage, FVC and FEV1, her resting heart rate and flexibility in the data a statistically significant difference was found (p<0.01). As a result, it has been observed that regular training for 8 weeks has a positive effect on the physiological and biomotor characteristics of 12-14 age group football players.


In this technology, first the CMOS is defined and a major part of the heat cycle is carried out. Then, the bipolar is fabricated by the rest of the CMOS. Patterned subcollector definition and epitaxial silicon growth are followed by the deep and shallow trench isolation processes. Next are the npn collector reach-through and anneal, CMOS well and threshold implants, gate oxidation and poly deposition. CMOS gate definition, reoxidation, and nMOS n/sup +/ implant. Electron-beam lithography is used to pattern the gate level in order to achieve a minimum gate poly width of 0.3 mu m. Next, the CMOS region is protected, while fabricating the bipolar. The annealing cycles for base and emitter during the process are compatible with the CMOS requirements. The minimum final emitter size is 0.5 mu m. CMOS ring oscillators with 50-ps delay per stage at 2.5-V supply, ECL ring oscillator delays of 48 ps at 1.2 mA, and fast loaded BiNMOS gate delays have been achieved.<<ETX>>


Leon Campbell provides a general overview of the army in Peru during the colonial period. His findings provide a starting point for generalizations concerning Bourbon military reforms: up until the middle of the eighteenth century the army was largely poorly trained and ineffective; due to the loss of Havana to the British in 1762, Peru (like the rest of the empire) was swept up in the reform of its standing army and efforts to create an effective citizen militia; the focus was primarily upon internal security, largely because royal officials questioned the loyalty of mestizos in the colony; criollos were brought into the system; the reforms were very expensive; and, in the end, the Bourbon military reforms did relatively little to protect the colony or enhance internal security. There were, of course, regional variations, such as the Revolt of Túpac Amaru in 1780; the subject of Campbell's other chapter.


The conjugated tetraenes 3 and 4 a-c have been prepared and shown to possess an orthogonal structure. This was not only demonstrated by their spectroscopic properties and X-ray structural analysis of solid representatives (e.g., 4 a-c) but also by the resolution of these chiral compounds by GC and HPLC chromatography using various chiral selector systems. The chemical behavior of the typical tetraene 4 a has been studied using bromination, hydrogenation, epoxidation, and photo equilibration reactions.


The ventral scales of many snake species are decorated with oriented micro‐fibril structures featuring nano‐steps to achieve anisotropic friction for efficient locomotion. Here, a nano‐stepped surface with tunable frictional anisotropy inspired by this natural structure is presented. It is fabricated by replicating the micro‐fibril structure of the ventral scales of the Chinese cobra (Naja atra) into a thermo‐responsive shape‐memory polymer via hot embossing. The resulting smart surface transfers from a flat topography to a predefined structure of nano‐steps upon heating. During this recovery process, the nano‐steps grow out of the surfaces resulting in a surface with frictional anisotropy, which is characterized in situ by an atomic force microscopy. The desired frictional anisotropy can be customized by stopping the heating process before full recovery. The nano‐stepped surface is employed for the unidirectional transport of microscale particles through small random vibrations. Due to the frictional anisotropy, the microspheres drift unidirectionally (down the nano‐steps). Finally, dry self‐cleaning is demonstrated by the transportation of a pile of microparticles.


To correct for spatial misregistration of multi‐breath‐hold short‐axis (SA), two‐chamber (2CH), and four‐chamber (4CH) cine cardiac MR (CMR) images caused by respiratory and patient motion.


Salt has been accumulating in the soils and salt lakes of Western Australia's Wheatbelt for tens of thousands of years. The salt was (and still is) brought into the Wheatbelt as trace amounts in rainfall and naturally accumulated as a result of high evaporation rates and internal drainage (see Figure 1 for representation of the extent of the Wheatbelt and Water note 34 for more information on internal drainage). In most of the landscape the salt was stored well below the soil surface. However, there were and still are parts of the landscape, such as salt lakes, that have been salty since well before clearing of the Wheatbelt occurred. These areas are often referred to as sites of primary salinisation and are estimated to have occupied less than one per cent of land area in the Wheatbelt.


1. Roentgenologic film and fluoroscopic diagnosis of many diseases of the heart and the aorta can be greatly aided by a careful examination of the barium-filled esophagus. 2. These cardiovascular lesions include congenital anomalies of the heart and aorta, rheumatic valvular disease (especially mitral stenosis), luetic aortitis, atherosclerosis of the aorta, and dissecting aneurysm.


This study aims to determine the effect of emotional Quotient and spiritual Quotient on employee performance at PDAM Tirta Peusada, East Aceh Regency. The number of samples in this study is 65 respondents using non-probability sampling technique that is saturated sampling. Data analysis method used is multiple linear regression analysis, t test, F test, and analysis of the coefficient of determination. The regression equation obtained is K = 2.138 + 0.442X1 + 0.218X2. The results of this study explain that emotional Quotient and spiritual Quotient have a significant effect on employee performance at PDAM Tirta Peusada, East Aceh District, where from the results of the t test, the value of t sig is obtained. emotional Quotient variable is 0.018 <0.05, and spiritual Quotient variable is 0.033 <0.05. Emotional Quotient and spiritual Quotient simultaneously have a significant effect on employee performance at PDAM Tirta Peusada, East Aceh Regency, where the F test results obtained t sig values. 0.011 <0.05. From the analysis of the coefficient of determination, it is known that emotional Quotient and spiritual Quotient affect employee performance at PDAM Tirta Peusada Aceh Timur by 47.2%, while the remaining 52.8% is influenced by other variables outside this research model.


In this study many commercial carbon-based materials suitable as electrode in Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) devices have been tested. Different carbon-based materials were compared, including carbon textile, carbon sheet, carbon paper, rod and granular graphite. Tests have been conducted by Saccharomyces cerevisiae in MFC fed with glucose; and were verified that anode material influences the bacteria adhesion and the electron transfer process from microorganisms to the anode. Furthermore, nitric acid and thermal activation of carbon felt have been explored to increase the power density in MFC. Tests revealed that low-cost commercial textiles C200/T and NCT 200 have the best performances with a power of 33.7 and 32.4 mW L-1, respectively. Power density of activated carbon felt has been improved in 2.6 higher compared with untreated carbon felt. Surface morphology was examined by a Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) and electrical performance were analyzed using a potentiostat in terms of open circuit voltage, current density and linear sweep voltammeter behavior


State-of-the-art yet decades-old architecture of HPC storage systems has segregated compute and storage resources, bringing unprecedented inefficiencies and bottlenecks at petascale levels and beyond. This paper presents FusionFS, a new distributed file system designed from the ground up for high scalability (16K nodes) while achieving significantly higher I/O performance (2.5TB/sec). FusionFS achieves these levels of scalability and performance through complete decentralization, and the co-location of storage and compute resources. It supports POSIX-like interfaces important for ease of adoption and backwards compatibility with legacy applications. It is made reliable through data replication, and it supports both strong and weak consistency semantics. Furthermore, it supports scalable data provenance capture and querying, a much needed feature in large scale scientific computing systems towards achieving reproducible and verifiable experiments.


The discourse analysis may seem quaint to discuss. One of the common domains of analyzing the critical discourse covers the public speech by which the speaker is trying to gain best response from the listener or audience. This article attempts at exploring the use of subjects in Donald Trump's Inauguration Speech. Subjects are mainly examined from a critical discourse analysis approach concerning on speech functions. The transcript of the speech is analyzed to describe personal pronouns used by Donald Trump in his inauguration speech. The result shows that by using pronouns, Donald Trump tries to represent himself and others indicating that the pronouns that he used is one of the devices to maintain a good interaction with the audience through the speech.


This study used a classroom action research method by applying qualitative and quantitative approaches carried out in 2 cycles through the stages of planning, implementation,


The prevalence, comorbidity, and outcome of "developmental coordination disorder (DCD)" were studied in 7-10 year-old children at the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Sahlgren University Hospital, Goteborg, Sweden.


The goal of the present paper is to examine Wierzbicka?s (1992, 1998a, 1999) claims that the connection between emotions and the body is encoded and
emphasized in Russian to a higher degree than it is in English, and that English favors the adjectival pattern in emotion discourse, while Russian prefers the verbal one.
The study analyzes oral narratives elicited through the same visual stimuli from 40 monolingual Russians and 40 monolingual Americans. The results of the quantitative
and qualitative analyses of the narrative corpus support Wierzbicka?s claims, suggesting that ?the reading of the body? is not a culture- and language-free experience,
but is shaped by cultural, social, and linguistic forces, as well as by individual differences. At the same time, neither quantitative nor qualitative differences have been
identified with regard to gendered use of emotion discourse.


The West Wing: Integrated Learning Community for Ignatian Leadership and Civic Service at O'Hare Hall Residential College at Rose Hill Residential Living.


Abstract An upwelling system for the incubation of salmonid eggs is described and evaluated. Constructed of materials available at a local plumbing store, the system allows independent incubation of up to 32 groups of eggs, each group receiving its own water supply. Incubation of not more than 1,000 eggs per group is recommended if low or highly variable survival is expected; otherwise, 1,500 eggs can be incubated.


Using a two-dimensional. nonhvdrostatic and compressible version of the Colorado State University Regional Atmospheric Modelling System (eSU-RAMS), the impact of urbanization and deforestation in and around Manila, Philippines on its locally induced rainfall is investigated. . Three sets of numerical experiments under varying synoptic conditions and using present. projected and fully vegetated land use were conducted. Twelve-hour simulations indicate significant differences in the strength. position and general behavior of convective activity between the three land use cases. Due mainly to reduced surface evapotranspiration and partly because of the strong controls exerted by the synoptic and topographic conditions on the response of the atmosphere to land use change, the present study did not reflect a direct increase of rainfall as a consequence of urbanization. in clear contrast to most measurements on the impact of urban growth. The weakness of the expected influence of urbanization in increasing rainfall reflected by the results may also be due to the neglect of increased CCN release by the city, which may be as important as the disruption of boundary-layer processes caused by urban land use modification. Nonetheless. the study clearly demonstrated the significant impact of land uSA changes on mesoscale circulations and subsequent rainfall patterns.


Although the characterization of alternative optimal solutions for linear programming problems is well known, such characterizations for combinatorial optimization problems are essentially non-existent. This is the first article to qualitatively predict the number of alternative optima for a classic NP-hard combinatorial optimization problem, namely, the minimum cardinality (also called unicost) set covering problem (MCSCP). For the MCSCP, a set must be covered by a minimum number of subsets selected from a specified collection of subsets of the given set. The MCSCP has numerous industrial applications that require that a secondary objective is optimized once the size of a minimum cover has been determined. To optimize the secondary objective, the number of MCSCP solutions is optimized. In this article, for the first time, a machine learning methodology is presented to generate categorical regression trees to predict, qualitatively (extra-small, small, medium, large, or extra-large), the number of solutions to an MCSCP. Within the machine learning toolbox of MATLAB®, 600,000 unique random MCSCPs were generated and used to construct regression trees. The prediction quality of these regression trees was tested on 5000 different MCSCPs. For the 5-output model, the average accuracy of being at most one off from the predicted category was 94.2%.


Background: Patients undergoing dialysis treatment have a worse quality of life than the general population, experience decreased quality of life and have higher rates of malnutrition, inflammation and hospitalization compared to the general population.
Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of dental treatment on quality of life and self-esteem of hemodialysis-therapy patients.
Materials and Methods: An interventional study was developed with 27 patients undergoing hemodialysis in Diamantina, Brazil. Initially, patients received clinical evaluation of a dentist and responded to questionnaires to estimate quality of life (Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Health Questionnaire (SF-36) and Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) version 14) and self-esteem (Scale Self-Esteem of Rosenberg). After 45 days, the questionnaires were reapplied and the patients received dental treatment. After the treatment, 45 days were awaited to reapply the questionnaires. Descriptive analyzes were performed, Wilcoxon and Friedman tests were done. The level of significance was set at 5% (p <0.05).
Results: There was statistical significance in SF-36 and OHIP-14 dimensions and improvement of self-esteem.
Conclusion: Dental treatment interfered positively with the quality of life and self-esteem of patients undergoing hemodialysis.


Introduction Sue Morgan and Jacqueline DeVries 1. Is there a Bible in the house? Gender, Religion and Family Culture Sarah Williams 2 Women, Writing and the Creation of Theological Cultures Julie Melnyk 3 Women and Philanthropic Cultures Susan Mumm 4 Women, religious ministry and female institution-building Carmen Mangion 5 'With fear and trembling': women, preaching and spiritual authority Pamela Walker 6 Professionalising their faith: Women, religion and the cultures of mission and empire Rhonda Semple 7 Women, religion and reform Clare Midgley 8 'The Word Made Flesh': Women, Religion and Sexual Cultures Sue Morgan 9 More than Paradoxes to Offer: Feminism, History and Religious Cultures Jacqueline DeVries 10 Modernity, Heterodoxy and the Transformation of Religious Cultures Joy Dixon Afterword: Women, Gender and Religion in post-1940 Britain Sue Morgan and Jacqueline DeVries Index


Schmidt and Egler's critique of Christianity's exclusivist claim to truth rests on two suppositions: (a) that inter-religious pastoral care for dying patients requires a respect for their cultural backgrounds which necessitates accepting the equal validity of their respective (non-Christian) religions, and (b) that exclusivism is incompatible with the Christian love-of-neighbor commandment. In opposition to this critique, (a) the authors' own "pluralist" understanding of Christianity is refuted on two levels. First, it leads to inconsistencies in the authors' own (and very adequate) understanding of pastoral care, especially with regard to their notion of intolerance, and second, it is irreconcilable with explicit New and Old Testament claims to absoluteness. In addition, (b) the authors' understanding of the way in which "exclusivism" justifies intolerance and missionary violence is shown to rest, first, on a secularized reduction of Christianity, i.e., of Christians' own "religious identity" as well as ...


This study is conducted to assess clinical nurses' experiences in safety and health in the profession. Clinical nurses who work at more than 300beds hospitals in Seoul were interviewed in depth from December 1st, 2010 to February 28th, 2011. There was a total of 8 subjects who took part in this study, and their experiences were analyzed via phenomenological methods suggested by Colaizzi (1978). There were a total of 43 significant statements that had been extracted from the protocols on the clinical nurses' experiences in safety and health issues. There were a total of 36 formulated meanings from those significant statements, and they were organized under 21 theme clusters and 5 categories. The 5 categories derived from the experiences of the clinical nurses include 'heavy and hard', 'fears of infection', 'exposure of harmful environment', 'guarantees on post-accident dealings' and 'sickness due to occupational cases'. Based on the clinical nurses' experiences as demonstrated, it is necessary to develop a long-term and shortterm safety and health education programs.


Initial burst release of drugs is a major shortcoming which needs to be addressed in treating osteomyelitis by using drug delivery systems (DDS). The aim of this study was to develop a novel DDS for reducing initial burst release based on the combination of chitosan (CS) microspheres and calcium polyphosphate/chitosan/aldehyde alginate (CPP/CS/ADA) composite scaffolds. CS microspheres and CPP/CS/ADA composite scaffolds were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, a laser particle size analyzer and SEM in order to reveal their composition, size distribution and surface morphology. Tetracycline hydrochloride (TC), as a model drug in the study, was encapsulated in CS microspheres, which further combined with CPP/CS/ADA composite scaffolds to form new DDS. Then the in vitro drug release was studied in detail. The kinetics of the drug release was also systematically studied. The results indicate that this new microspheres/scaffold compound system has a promising potential to reduce initial drug burst release effectively and prolong drug release time even for 30 days.


Vitronectin (VTN) has been widely used for the maintenance and expansion of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) as feeder‐free conditions. However, the effect of VTN on hPSC differentiation remains unclear. Here, we investigated the role of VTN in early haematopoietic development of hPSCs.


We explored the molecular hydrogen storage capacity of complex system with Hafnium doped graphene (Gr-Hf) using the Density Functional Theory (DFT) method. We efficiently adsorbed molecular six hydrogens on the Hf doped graphene surface. The quantum chemically calculated adsorption energy is found negatively in the range of - 344.433 Ry to -333.836 Ry this implies as increasing the adsorbed hydrogen molecule on hafnium doped graphene (Gr-Hf) sheet the adsorption energy decreases continuously. The binding energy of after adsorbing second hydrogen molecule too much larger than the next adsorbed H2 molecules i.e., the binding energy per hydrogen molecule highly decreases when we increase adsorbed atom (2.197 Ry in 2H2 to 1.048 Ry in 3H2) then small decreases for next adsorbed H2 molecules. The extracted binding energy found in the range 2.197 Ry to 2.120 Ry, fermi energy found minimum for 1H2 shows the minimum electron occupancy at the different energy levels. The fermi energy increases accordingly, the electron occupancy also increases and evaluates higher electron occupancy with fermi energy 2.850 eV for 6H2 and density of states (DOS) confirm the weak interaction between σ bonding electrons of H2 molecule with Hf doped graphene complex system. The proposed system opens a new insight for hydrogen storage-based devices.


The Foundations of Set Theory. Infinitary Combinatorics. The Well-Founded Sets. Easy Consistency Proofs. Defining Definability. The Constructible Sets. Forcing. Iterated Forcing. Bibliography. Indexes.


Erythrokeratoderma is a category of unusual hereditary skin conditions characterized by reddened, dried and thickened skin plaques. Two characteristic forms of lesions exist in erythrokeratoderma: Erythematous transient patches and Hyperkeratotic stable plaques. No clear therapies or recommendations for Erythrokeratoderma are available. Males and women are affected in similar numbers by Erythrokeratoderma. The occurrence in the general populace of the disease is uncertain. The oral retinoids acitretin, etretinate, and isotretinoin were shown to be very effective. When therapy is discontinued, lesions reappear. Prognosis and regular follow-up can be recommended for patients.


The existence of the Tat translocase was discovered approximately 10 years ago. Since then, its involvement in a variety of cellular processes including energy metabolism, cell division, motility, bacterial pathogenesis, symbiotic nitrogen fixation, etc were discovered. The Tat translocase moves folded proteins across a membrane without compromising the permeability barrier of the membrane to small molecules and ions. Some knowledge about the its structure and mechanistic features are already available.Yet there are numerous alternative models that can be constructed based on various studies in this field and a lot of questions remain to be answered in this field. To date, the substrates of the Tat translocase are identified, and the salient features of their transport targeting signals are understood to a larger extent (chapter 1). The interactions of the Tat substrate proteins leading to their export are globally investigated. The experiments described in this thesis were mainly aimed at systematically understanding the biophysical interactions of substrate proteins with various components along the Tat pathway using Escherichia coli as our model organism. In parallel, we made efforts to initialize the study of Tat complex structures from Aquifex aeolicus that would eventually help us to understand the structure and mechanism of Tat translocases. Overall, this work can be grouped into substrate-oriented experiments and translocase-oriented experiments. Summary on substrate-oriented experiments Chaperone interactions constitute parts of protein transport pathway All to-be secreted proteins in the Escherichia coli cytoplasm must be maintained in an export-competent state until translocation via the respective translocase complex can occur. For Sec pathway substrates, this function is primarily carried out by the dedicated SecB chaperone, which renders substrate proteins partially or entirely unfolded before engagement of the translocon. The general chaperones DnaK-DnaJ-GrpE and GroEL-GroES, also collectively function in maintaining the export-competent state of substrates, which in case of the Sec pathway means the unfolded state. In case of the Tat pathway, the substrates require to be correctly folded before transport can proceed. Folding of cellular proteins in general is aided by various general chaperones, mainly by preventing both newly synthesized polypeptide chains and assembled subunits from aggregating into nonfunctional structures. A recently reported screen for Tat signal sequence interacting chaperones shows that DnaK and SlyD are able to bind a broad range of N-terminal Tat signal sequences, and additional chaperones bind in the absence of DnaK or SlyD (1). But the precise role of these chaperones for productive transport to …


Online stores are dramatically increasing and becoming popular, in a way that enterprisers invest tremendous resource and effort to meet customer requirements. However, the failure rate resulting from improper operation has been increasing year by year. By investigating the main cause, the operators cannot grasp the online store websites' industry type and attribute category. Therefore, they fail to effectively use resource, show website image of the stores and information quality, to further meet customers' demand and obtain the expected operational efficiency. Therefore, this research (1) grasps the website attribute of online stores by reviewing the literature; (2) sets up "online store website attributes structure" through qualitative method, serving as a basis for enterprisers to improve the operation/service mechanism; (3) sets up "industry breadth and depth graph", so as to find the website content equilibrium degree of various industries' online store and further obtain improvement strategy. It is believed that this research result, as said by the professors and scholars being interviewed, not only assists enterprisers to clearly grasp advantage/disadvantage and strategy of online store website attribute, but also promotes the effectiveness in resource utilization and the probability of success. Meanwhile, this research result can also effectively link practical application and academic value and provide researchers with new direction and scope. DOR :  98.1000/1726-8125.2015.0.27.0.0.84.101


Gerunds and gerundial formations are inflectional, finite and non-finite, impersonalized, and aspect-free structures that derive from verbs and can be used for different tasks in the sentence; they act as a verb when they form a clause and as a conjunction when they attach the subordinate clause they form to the main clause. Gerunds lead to great simplicity and functionality in the Turkish language while increasing the expressive power, enabling the expression to become more concise and fluent. In the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR, henceforth), an accepted guide in teaching Turkish as a foreign language, the correct and effective use of gerunds and gerundial formations is accepted as one of the grammatical competences required for learners in C1 level.  However, a few studies in the literature have investigated the learners' success in C1 level regarding grammatical competence. Based on this literature gap, the purpose of the research is to examine the use of gerunds and gerundial formations in the written expressions of the Arab learners of Turkish as a foreign language in the C1 level. For this purpose, the research is designed as a qualitative case study. The study sample includes 150 Arab learners in the C1 level who studied at TOMER in the Black Sea Region, Central Anatolia Region, and Marmara Region in the 2019-2020 academic year and voluntarily participated in the research. The research data were collected from the learners' written expressions in the final exam and analyzed using the document analysis. The scope of the study only included gerunds and gerundial formations. Frequency analysis, one of the sub-techniques of content analysis, was used to analyze the data. The data revealed that the 150 learners used 32 different gerunds and gerund particles in their written expressions. The gerunds and gerund particles that the Arab learners used the most frequently were -mAk icin (f=196) , -ArAk (f=98), -ken (f=66), -Ip (f=46), and -DIgImda/ -DIgIndA/-DIgImIzdA/ -DIgInIzdA (f=27). The gerunds and gerundial formations that the learners used the most frequently with the fewest number of errors were –DIkcA (f=9, %100), -Ip (f=46, %95,66), -mAk icin (f=196, %93,88), -ken (f=66, %92,43), and -ArAk (f=98, %90,82) respectively. The gerunds and gerundial formations that the learners used the most frequently with the highest number of errors were -IncA (f=22, %31,81), -mAsI icin (f=17, %29,41), -DIgI/ -DIgIm/ -DIgImIz/ -DIgInIz/ -DIklArI zaman (f=24, %29,16) and -mAdAn once (f=8, %25). We predict that the evidence-based results in the study will contribute to the work of curriculum designers, course material developers, educators, and researchers.


This article compares the accuracy of several formulas for the standard error of the mean uncorrected correlation in meta-analytic and validity generalization studies. The effect of computing the mean correlation by weighting the correlation in each study by its sample size is also studied. On the basis of formal analysis and simulation studies, it is concluded that the common formula for the sampling variance of the mean correlation, V r =V/ r /K where K is the number of studies in the meta-analysis, gives reasonably accurate results. This formula gives accurate results even when sample sizes and ps are unequal and regardless of whether or not the statistical artifacts vary from study to study. It is also shown that using sample-size weighting may result in underestimation of the standard error of the mean uncorrected correlation when there are outlier sample sizes


91 pp. Bookmarks supplied by UO. Includes maps and figures. "Enacting ordinance to be done" -- p.[3] of plan. Published August 1990. Captured November 5, 2007.


Abstract Lidocaine metabolism (MEGX test) as an indicator for liver function in the assessment of different degrees of liver disease and as a predictor for liver outcome after transplantation is well established. Since reduced liver function is associated with an alteration in parenchymal and non‐parenchymal cells, we evaluated whether MEGX values correlate with histology in an in vivo model of orthotopic rat liver transplantation (ORLT) to assess histological damage without taking biopsy specimens. Livers from syngeneic Lewis rats were transplanted with rearterialization after 15–30 h of cold storage in UW solution and rinsing with Carolina Rinse Solution prior to implantation. Forty‐eight hours after transplantation, the MEGX test was performed and metabolites were measured with a commercial kit as described elsewhere. Biopsy specimens were taken and graded three degrees of damage (mild, moderate, and severe) in a double blind fashion by a pathologist. MEGX values were assigned to the histological results. Statistical analyses were done with a Mann‐Whitney test (n= 58) for mean values. The mean MEGX values attributed to histologies with a mild, moderate, severe degree of damage were 159.96, 78.46 and 44.42 ng/ml, respectively. When the histological groups were compared with the mean MEGX values, mild vs moderate, mild vs severe and moderate vs severe were significant (P ‐ 0.0001). In conclusion, MEGX values correlate significantly with histological grading in a linear fashion after ORLT. The MEGX test may be of clinical value because it reflects the histological pattern of livers and may reduce the necessity to take biopsy specimens before and after transplantation.


Without the shadow of a doubt, the use of technology has become not only an inseparable part of our daily lives but, it is also changing with not coming back the way we look at future societies living styles. So much so the truth that we already ponder is matter of a forthcoming civilized world living concept. And unless a catastrophic would happen, this is the scenario we do portray. With this, the study aimed to analyze tertiary education technology management towards studying willingness approaches. It also provides based research study blended learning methodological insights. To accomplish this objective, a revision of reliable materials such as academic scripts, books, and Internet accredited websites was conducted. This research criterium involved the mixed of quantitative and qualitative research techniques. The present research study takes up on technology individuals rate usage which affective-paraphernalia has led to the high degree of self-reliance and self-direct individuals' behaviors we all can observe in these days university students. All this to create a body of knowledge about this particular phenomenon.


The utility model relates to a phase-shift resonance type switch power supply device which is provided with a primary side position embedment diode and current-doubling rectification inductors (L1, L2). The parasitic oscillation of the auxiliary side of a transformer is avoided so that an absorber circuit of the diode is not required to be output. The circuit efficiency reaches the highest, and EMI is greatly reduced. Because L1 and L2 are connected with the secondary stage of the transformer in parallel, and the ZVS range at light load time is broadened, the circuits become still more practical and reliable, and the cost is still lower. Because the primary side realizes that peaks on a ZVS soft switch and an auxiliary side output diode are inhibited, favorable conditions are offered for component selection, fewer circuit components are used, and circuit structure is compact. Extremely high output efficiency can be obtained without any absorber circuit. Electromagnetic interference is small, which meets the EMC international standard.


The notion 'Son of God' in Graeco-Roman and Hellenistic-Semitic literature Christians among the Greek-speaking Israelites referred to Jesus as, inter alia, 'Son of God'. The connotation of this honorific title differs from the usage of that by Israelites prior to Hellenistic influence, who in the First Testament referred to their messianic king as 'Son of God'. The new connotation was, to a Hellenistic audience, a commonality. Ac cording to Rudolf Bultmann it was 'gemeingriechische Denke '. The arti cle aims at identifying three different types of the notion 'Son of God' in Graeco-Roman and Hellenistic-Semitic literature: the divine human as miracle worker, the pre-existent God-like figure who is paradoxically associated with human fate, and the cosmological figure who is identified as God's Wisdom. It is shown that all three types occur in the Second Testament as interpretations of the soteriological meaning of Jesus' birth and death.


We have systematically investigated atomic structures, electronic and dynamical properties of amorphous aluminum–gallium–nitride alloys (a-AlGaN) by performing first principles local basis molecular dynamics simulations. The network topology and defects of the amorphous 216-atom model system have been analyzed with the radial distribution function, the angular distribution function, the ring statistics, and the local coordination. It was found that the models have mixed threefold and fourfold coordinations, and the number of threefold (fourfold) coordinated atoms in alloys decreased (increased) with increasing Al composition. No odd rings are found, indicating that no wrong bonds (homonuclear bonds) appear in the a-AlxGa1−xN alloys. The Ga–N and Al–N bond lengths show a small variation with the Al composition, which is in agreement with recent extended x-ray absorption fine structure experimental measurements. The electronic properties examined by the electronic density of states and local bonding charact...


In this paper the study describes a single-stage, self-contained solar photovoltaic (SPV) array-fed, permanent magnet synchronous motor water pumping system (PMSM). The two main contributions of this research are i) the development of a novel modified vector control (MVC) that improves the system's torque behaviour and (ii) the development of a special incremental conductance with variable step size (VSS-INC) with a stage technique that results in a rapid response. Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) is offered, a DC-DC converter between stages is not required, and (iii) the system's overall response time under dynamic conditions is enhanced with the use of an SPV Power Feed Forward Term (FFT). A pump, a three-phase voltage source inverter (VSI), a PMSM, and an SPV array are among the parts of this system. Solar energy is transformed into electrical energy by the SPV array. The VSI performs the role of a power processing unit (PPU), supplying the necessary power to drive the PMSM. The motor-coupled pump completes the task of pumping water while the PMSM rotates. The provided empower system toolbox is used with MATLAB/Simulink to model and simulate this system.


In this paper, we propose a flexible open 3D digital space combination scheme based on the concept of Symbiotic Computing which we have been promoting. Existing 3D collaborative work supporting systems have some limitations with their 3D digital space construction and inter-application cooperation because these systems have basically closed nature. To break these limitations, we are developing symbiotic collaborative work supporting system which can effectively support remote collaborative work. Our scheme enables us to easily and flexibly build collaborative work environment over the Internet by reusing and combining 3D structure definitions and applications designed by the general public such as WWW environment. In addition, we describe design and implementation of a prototype system, and confirm effectiveness of our proposed scheme through experiments by using the prototype system.


We use helioseismic data from ground- and space-based instruments to analyze how solar rotation has changed since the beginning of solar Cycle 23 with emphasis on studying the differences between Cycles 23 and 24. We find that the nature of solar rotation is indeed different for the two cycles. While the changes in the latitudinally independent component follows solar-cycle indices, some of the other components have a more complicated behavior. There is a substantial change in the behavior of the solar zonal flows and their spatial gradients too. While the zonal flows in Cycle 24 are weaker in general than those in Cycle 23, there are clear signs of the emergence of Cycle 25. We have also investigated the properties of the solar tachocline, in particular, its position, width, and the change (or jump) in the rotation rate across it. We find significant temporal variation in the change of the rotation rate across the tachocline. We also find that the changes in solar Cycle 24 were very different from those of Cycle 23. We do not find any statistically significant change in the position or the width of the tachocline.


Disinformation has been regarded as a key threat to democracy. Yet, we know little about the effects of different modalities of disinformation, or the impact of disinformation disseminated through (inauthentic) social media accounts of ordinary citizens. To test the effects of different forms of disinformation and their embedding, we conducted an experimental study in the Netherlands (N = 1,244). In this experiment, we investigated the effects of disinformation (contrasted to both similar and dissimilar authentic political speeches), the role of modality (textual manipulation versus a deepfake), and the disinformation's embedding on social media (absent, endorsed or discredited by an (in)authentic citizen). Our main findings indicate that deepfakes are less credible than authentic news on the same topic. Deepfakes are not more persuasive than textual disinformation. Although we did find that disinformation has effects on the perceived credibility and source evaluations of people who tend to agree with the stance of the disinformation's arguments, our findings suggest that the strong societal concerns on deepfakes' destabilizing impact on democracy are not completely justified.


Стаття присвячена дослідженню інтердискурсивного аспекту вираження комунікативної підтримки засобами сучасної англійської мови. Запропоновано диференціацію інтердискурсивної здатності за принципами входження та
перетину дискурсу комунікативної підтримки у взаємодії з іншими дискурсами. Інтердискурсивні особливості ви-
раження комунікативної підтримки проаналізовано в межах взаємодії відповідного дискурсу з психотерапевтичним
та кінодискурсом.
(The article deals with the investigation of the interdiscoursive aspect of the communicative support in contemporary English. The difference between intra- and interdiscourse is also revealed. The author suggests to differentiate interdicourse capability according to the principles of inclusion and correlation in the interaction of communicative support discourse with
other discourses. It is determined that inclusive interdiscourse capability characterizes interrelation between discourses of different types and the inclusive mode features interaction between discourses of a similar type. The communicative support discourse is defined as a special type of intentional discourse which is functioning by itself and is characterized by a high level of interdiscourse capability. Interdiscoursive peculiarities of communicative support are analyzed within the interaction of the related discourse with psychotherapy and movie discourses as the examples of institutional and personal types correspondingly
which function as so-called «background» discourses. Interrelation of the communicative support discourse with
these discourses results in professional and non-professional modifications of the investigated discourse. In case of inclusive interdiscourse capability, «background» discourses do not experience any transformations of their characteristics but provide a certain context for the development of the communicative discourse. In case of correlative mode of interdiscourse, the intersection
of similar discourses takes place. Under these conditions interrelated discourses integrate the features of each other
in the way their boundaries become difficult to fix.)


Lakes are one of most important freshwater ecosystems, playing significant role in functioning of nature and human economy. Swarzędzkie Lake is good example of ecosystem, which in last half-century was exposed to the influence of strong anthropopressure. Direct inflow of sewage with large number of biogens coming to the lake with water of inflows caused distinct disturbance of its functioning. In autumn 2011 restoration bagan on Swarzędzkie Lake for reduction of lake trophy and improvement of water quality. For achieving better and quicker effect, simultaneously combination of some methods was applied, among others method of oxygenation of overbottom water with help of pulverization aerator and method of precise inactivation of phosphorus in water depths. Characterization and analysis of improved coagulant dispenser applying active substance only during work of pulverization aerator is the aim of this thesis. Principle of dispenser work, its structure and location in pulverization aerator were explained. It was stated that introduction to water a factor initiating process of phosphorus inactivation causes significant reduction of mineral phosphorus in water and size of coagulant dose correlates with intensity of work of pulverization aerator with wind drive.


We exploit the reconfigurability of recent all-digital PLL designs to provide novel in-situ output jitter test and diagnosis abilities under multiple parametric variations of key analog building blocks. Digital signatures are collected and processed under specifically designed loop filter configurations to facilitate low-cost high-accuracy performance prediction and diagnosis.


This article is aimed to describe the implementation of literacy-based learning model in fostering readingand writing interest, developing listening and speaking skill, and mastering information and technology. To these days, teachers seem to fail in constructing literacy-based learning model which lead to the weak culture and tradition of reading, listening and writing among the students, and the low skill in information and technology in this digital era of 4.0. The study was conducted in a qualitative approach employing library research method. Data collection was performed by reading relevant literature associated with the implementation of literacy-based learning model in Madrasah. The result of the study pointed that to implement literacy-based learning model can be performed through the following ways: 1) fostering reading interest, 2) developing writing interest and make it as a habit, 3) training and building up listening skill, 4) training and practising speaking skill, and 5) developing the ability and skill in information technology. The result of the study is recommended to madrasah headmasters and teachers so that they can implement a literacy-based learning model eagerly, accountably, and responsibly. Also, it is expected that they can work together with other stakeholders for the best implementation of the literacy-based learning model.


Objective To report clinical experience in diagnose and treatment of large vascular injuries in the lower limbs. Methods Fifty two cases of large vascular injuries of the lower limbs from 1994 to 2000 were analyzed in this study. Maximum ISS 90 score was 26 and minimum was 9 with the average score of 13. Thirty nine cases were treated by primary vascular anastomosis, in whom 6 treated by auto vein transplantation, 6 by repair, 2 by ligation, and 5 by thrombectomy. Results Blood circulation recovered satisfactorily in 47 cases 3 months after operation, in whom 39 were classified as good according to Whitman's standard. The function was recovered in 8 cases 6 12 months after injury. Five cases were amputated. Conclusions Doppler examination is valuable to diagnose the vascular injury of the lower limbs. Multiple mini incision and fasciotomy can decrease the rate of disability and amputation.


In the process of fishing, fishing nets operating at night in the open sea are easy to be cut by criminals, causing losses, and losses. At the same time, fishing nets drift with the sea current and waves, which is easy to lose and hinder the normal navigation of other ships. The traditional fishing net tracking method relies on manual observation, with high working intensity and poor tracking reliability. For the real-time tracking and positioning requirements of fishing nets, This paper designed a fishing net-based UWB (Ultra Wide Band) ranging / Beidou AIS (Automatic Identification System, Ship automatic identification system) Monitoring system of the locator, The UWB range finder / Beidou AIS locator uses UWB RF ranging technology to achieve real-time ranging warning between fishing nets and fishing boats, At the same time, the Beidou satellite is used to locate and broadcast its own location information through the high-frequency wireless communication link, Ability to connect with the marine AIS system, Realize the fishing net tracking and merchant ship avoidance function, It has the advantages of high precision, low power consumption and wide-range of action. At the same time, the fishing net UWB rangefinder / Beidou AIS locator is linked to the fishery production remote real-time monitoring and management platform, enhancing the practicability and scalability of the fishing net UWB rangefinder / Beidou AIS locator, and improving the safety rescue capacity of fishing production and fishing boats.


The present invention relates to the extraction process of acid out lignin, and is especially the process of treating waste digestion liquid produced during making paper pulp to extract lignin. The extraction process includes depositing separation to eliminate fiber mud and silt from black liquor, cooling black liquor containing lignin, adding flocculent and acid to deposit lignin, and filtering to obtain lignin containing product. The said process has high lignin extracting rate up to 95 %, and the obtained lignin has excellent water filtering performance and dryness over 25 %.


Introduction: Cellular senescence (CS) is a crucial anticancer mechanism that is defined by irreversible cell-cycle arrest and senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). CS also participates in tissue remodeling during normal embryonic development (i.e., programmed CS): however, the roles of programmed CS in lung development and their intrinsic regulator(s) remain unknown. Aims: To determine the role of epithelial Pten, a tumor suppressor, in programmed CS and cell-fate decision during lung development. Methods: We conducted structural and biochemical analyses of two different types of lung epithelium-specific Pten-deleted mice (ShhGFPCre/PtenΔ/Δ mice and SPC-rtTA/(tetO)7Cre/PtenΔ/Δ; SOPtenΔ/Δ mice). Further mechanistic studies were performed in vitro and in vivo. Results: Both ShhGFPCre/PtenΔ/Δ and SOPtenΔ/Δ mice showed impaired development of mature alveoli. A microarray study identified attenuated expressions of alveolar type 2 markers whereas detected increased expressions of markers of neuroendocrine cells, Club cells, goblet cells, and alveolar type 1 in lung epithelial cells isolated from SOPtenΔ/Δ mice. Deletion of Pten in lung epithelium enhances NF-κB–Notch signaling pathway. Pten deficiency led to cell growth arrest of lung epithelial cells, increased number of senescent cells, and enhanced SASP at E18.5. Epithelial Pten ablation upregulated p53–p21 pathway and impaired bipolar spindle formation in vivo and in vitro. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that epithelial Pten has an essential role in controlling programmed CS and cell-fate choices during lung development by regulating NF-κB–Notch pathway, p53–p21 pathway, and proper architectural integrity of the mitotic spindle.


Radio frequency identification (RFID) technology is a type of automatic identification system. The purpose of an RFID system is to enable data to be transmitted by a portable device, called a tag, which is read by an RFID reader and processed according to the needs of a particular application. In recent years, an enormous amount of technical and commercial development of RFID systems has been demonstrated in many industrial applications, such as production, logistics, supply chain management and asset tracking. Reader collision occurs when co-located readers are simultaneously active. Specifically, reader collisions occur at tags situated in the vicinity of two or more readers that simultaneously interrogate tags. Such tags may be unable to correctly decode reader queries, leading to faulty reads or misreads. Along with the simple description of chemotactic behavior in the original Bacterial Foraging Optimization (BFO) algorithm, SABFO also incorporates an adaptive search strategy, which allows each bacterium to strike a balance between exploration and exploitation during algorithmic execution by tuning its run-length unit self adaptively.


Appearance--based visual learning and recognition techniques that
are based on models derived from a learning set of 2D images are
being widely used in computer vision applications. In robotics,
they have received most attention in visual servoing and
navigation.

In this thesis we discuss a framework for visual
self--localization of mobile robots using a parametric model built
from panoramic snapshots of the environment. Particularly, we
propose solutions to the problems related to robustness against
occlusions, illumination and invariance to the rotation of the
sensor. Our principal contribution is the ``eigenspace of
spinning--images'', i.e., a model of environment which
successfully exploits some of the specific properties of panoramic
images in order to efficiently calculate the optimal subspace in
terms of Principal Components Analysis (PCA) of a set of training
snapshots without actually decomposing the covariance matrix.

By integrating a robust recover--and--select algorithm for the
computation of image parameters we achieve reliability even in the
case when the input images are partly occluded or noisy. Further,
by applying a bank of gradient filters, we achieve a significant
level of insensitivity to changes in the illumination of the
environment. In this way, the robot is capable of localizing
itself in realistic environments.


Patients with hand paralysis often suffer from motor and sensory dysfunction. In many cases, they can neither use their fingers nor feel a gripping force. Thus, they find it difficult to perform certain tasks, such as lifting small objects. It is important for patients with hand paralysis to receive assisted flexion and extension motions for their fingers and gripping-force feedback by leveraging body parts or organs where sensation remains. The purposes of this study are to develop a wearable cybernic finger to assist the gripping force needed to handle objects and to provide gripping-force feedback to patients; the feasibility of the device is confirmed through basic experiments. For the basic experiments, the device was evaluated by a model hand and able-bodied persons. The system successfully assisted the model hand's fingers to grip, lift, hold, put down, and release cylindrical objects representative of necessary daily objects. Furthermore, six states of gripping force were identified with an average identification rate of 95.6% using vibration feedback. To summarize, a wearable hand-assist unit with sensory feedback has proven to be feasible.


The Lund otoneurosurgical group has operated 97 out of 118 pontine angle tumours using the translabyrinthine approach originally described by House. The pre- and postoperative evaluation of these 97 patients is described. The traditional classification of acoustic neuromas, the results of the reported surgery and complications are discussed.


Abstract The determination of the inherent safety of casks under extreme impact conditions has been of increasing interest since the terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001. For nearly three decades BAM has been investigating cask safety under severe accident conditionslike drop tests from more than 9 m onto different targets and without impact limiters as well as artificially damaged prototype casks. One of the most critical scenarios for a cask is the centric impact of a dynamic load onto the lid-seal system. This can be caused, for example, by a direct aircraft crash (or just its engine) as well as by an impact due to thecollapse of a building, e.g. a nuclear facility storage hall. In this context BAM is developing methods to calculate the deformation of cask components and — with respect to leak-tightness — relative displacements between the metallic seals and their counterparts. This paper presents reflections on modelling of cask structures for finite-element analyses and discusses calculated results of stresses and deformations. Another important aspect is the behaviour of a cask under a lateral impact by aircraft or fragments of a building. Examples of the kinetic reaction (cask acceleration due to the fragments, subsequent contact with neighbouring structures like the ground, buildings or casks) are shown and discussed in correlation to cask stresses which are to be expected.


Three types of α-Mn2O3 catalysts with different well-defined morphologies (cubic, truncated octahedra and octahedra) and exposed crystal facets have been successfully prepared via hydrothermal processes, and evaluated for ethanol total oxidation with low ethanol concentration at low temperatures. The α-Mn2O3-cubic catalyst shows a superior catalytic reaction rate than that of α-Mn2O3-truncated octahedra and α-Mn2O3-octahedra under high space velocity of 192,000 mL/(g·h). Based on the characterization results obtained from XRD, BET, FE-SEM, HR-TEM, FT-IR, H2-TPR, XPS, ethanol-TPD, and CO-TPSR techniques, the observed morphology-dependent reactivity of α-Mn2O3 catalysts can be correlated to the good low-temperature reducibility, abundant surface Mn4+ and adsorbed reactive oxygen species, which was originated from the exposed (001) crystal planes. Through tuning the morphology and exposed (001) crystal facet of α-Mn2O3, a highly active ethanol oxidation catalyst with high selectivity and excellent stability is obtained. The developed approach may be applied broadly to the development of the design principles for high-performance low-cost and environmentally friendly Mn-based oxidation catalysts.


The Authors, of Blue Star Line, discuss fuel-saving modifications made to the steam propulsion plant of the 30,000-shp container ships ACT-1, ACT-2 and Australian Endeavour (see Abstract No. 30,110, Nov. 1970> and to that of five ships of a later but similar class, the 32,000-shp ACT-3 to ACT-6 and Australian Exporter (see Abstract No. 31,960, Feb. 1972). The reasoning on which these modifications are based is explained, and the modiflcations themselves are described. They included modification of the Stal-Laval turbine (limited to re-nozzling of the HP steam admission), modification of the reduction gearing, the fitting of a larger propeller, reducing propeller speed to about 90 rpm, and improvements to the boiler installation. The results of these modifications are presented. Maximum design power of the two classes was reduced to 20,000 and 21,000 shp respectively, with a reduction in service speed from 22 to 19.5 knots. Combined turbine and boiler modifications and refit have reduced fuel rate by an average of about 7 per cent, and 7 to 8 per cent has resulted from an improved power/speed-rpm relationship. Ships shot-blasted and recoated have achieved an additional 8 to 15 per cent saving, so that fuel savings of up to about 30 per cent have been obtained. Propeller-induced vibration has been reduced; ship handling and manoeuvring are fully satisfactory. A list is included of various operational faults in the plant that were corrected during the modifications.


Resonance Raman intensities of the push−pull chromophore 4-(dimethylamino)-4'-nitrostilbene (DANS) have been measured in dichloromethane, acetonitrile, and methanol at excitation wavelengths spanning its strong visible charge-transfer absorption band. The effects of inserting a paracyclophane moiety between the donor and the acceptor are investigated by performing similar measurements on a second molecule, PCP−DANS, which consists of p-dihexylaminostilbene and p-nitrostilbene moieties attached through their unsubstituted rings by a paracyclophane linker. The Raman excitation profiles and absorption spectra are simulated using time-dependent wave packet propagation techniques to determine reorganization energies along the Raman-active normal coordinates. Excitation to the nominal charge-transfer state generates a much greater change in geometry in the vicinity of the nitro acceptor group in DANS than in PCP−DANS, while the geometry changes around the dialkylamino donor end are similar. Comparison with othe...


Background: Cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) have been long thought to be a congenital anomaly of vasculogenesis in which arteries and veins form direct connections forming a vascular nidus without an intervening capillary bed or neural tissue. Scattered case reports have described that AVMs may form de novo suggesting they can become an acquired lesion. Case Description: The current case report describes a patient who presented with new-onset seizures with an initial negative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain and subsequently developed an AVM on a MRI 9 years later. Conclusion: This case joins a small, but growing body of literature that challenges the notion that all AVMs are congenital.


The market for cactus pear requires prior glochid removal; however, this process causes injury and damage to the fruit. The effect of growth regulators for pre-harvest removal of these small spines has been evaluated experimentally with promising results, to induce pre-harvest fall of glochids without damaging the fruit. In this study, the effectiveness of gibberellic acid (GA3; 50 ppm) plus 2-chloroethane phosphonic acid (Ethephon™; 700 or 900 ppm) on glochid removal and the effects of the treatment on fruit quality in cactus pear cultivars 'Roja San Martin', 'Villanueva', and 'Roja Sangre de Cristo' were determined in a commercial plantation of cactus pear in the producing region of Puebla, Mexico. After anthesis, consecutive weekly applications of GA3 in combination with Ethephon™ were made. The number and fall of glochids were evaluated, and fruit quality parameters were also assessed; weight loss of fruits stored at 25°C for 14 days was also evaluated. Both treatments induced an elongation of around 65% in glochids; in general, 62-80% fall of glochids was also observed in harvested control fruits. The treatments, in general, caused a significant pre-harvest fall (PHF) of glochids. Besides, it was also observed that the glochids that remained on the treated fruits were easier to remove mechanically. Treated fruits of 'Roja San Martin' responded with the greatest total fall of glochids (97.8%), without significant differences between the two treatments. Fruit quality was slightly affected, positively or negatively, depending on the cultivar and treatment.


Factors related to gambling behavior among college students in the USA are examined by applying the theory of reasoned action (TRA) and incorporating the concepts of impulsivity and cognitive bias. This study uses a broader approach to analyze gambling behavior by including financial behavior variables using ordinary least squares (OLS) and logistic regressions. The survey data were collected through a self-administered online questionnaire of college students from 19 colleges and universities in the fall of 2010. With a sample of 5024 college students, a majority of the respondents (84.45%) in this study report that they did not gamble in the last 30 days. The results of multivariate analysis indicate that gambling is related to attitudes toward gambling, cognitive bias toward gambling, subjective norms of family members regarding financial behavior, and impulsivity. Underestimation of financial behavior (cognitive bias toward financial behavior) was found to be associated with only gambling frequency but not gambling propensity.


The increase in emergency conditions in the pre-hospital area is not in line with the availability of medical personnel. Therefore, several volunteer communities were formed whose function was to collaborate with ambulances and firefighters in handling emergencies at the pre-hospital. The background of non-health education is a demand for volunteers to continue to update scientific and emergency skills. One of the initial abilities of volunteers in identifying the emergency level of KLL victims at the pre-hospital will determine the next intervention in the hospital. The act of assessing and identifying the emergency of the victim in the pre-hospital area is called triage. Triage is a decision-making process in prioritizing the needs and therapy given to patients based on the level of urgency. In its application, triage guidelines are important for triage officers in determining the success of interventions and medical management for patients because they can be used as a reference in determining patient emergency actions. Failure to determine the appropriate priority level based on triage will result in delayed intervention in critically ill patients so that it will have an impact on worsening conditions that can lead to morbidity and mortality.


When my eye catches the title of this paper, a slight chill runs down my spine, not just because it deals with challenging and difficult subject matter, but because of the mountainous size of the topic and the huge body of literature it has generated. I realise that in this short paper one can do little more than 'dip a small bucket into a very deep well'. Nevertheless, I think this is an issue pastors and pastoral carers of the LCA need to talk about, because our operant theology of suffering (i.e. the theology that really drives our attitudes and practice) is absolutely critical for our ministries, especially our ministries of pastoral care. How people relate their faith to their experiences of suffering is crucial for their spiritual health and therefore a key area of interest and concern for us. This is all the more vital, it seems to me, in view of the proliferation of ideologies and metaphysics that are present in post-modern consciousness today. As we interact with these, as we inevitably must, how do we remain rooted and grounded in our own biblical theology and spirituality?Suffering comes in many shapes, sizes, degrees of seriousness and periods of duration. My own journey with this question has been influenced by my experience and research into the severe suffering of depression, and the serious problems it raises for Christians, particularly the illness's intractability and inherent spiritual despair, for which there are no ready solutions or sure answers. This is one among many forms of suffering which are experienced as irreducible and comprehensively destructive.1 How we respond to these situations pastorally takes us, as I am sure you are well aware, to a deep place of theological encounter and reflection.What theology of suffering do people hear preached and taught in the church and how does it shape their lives with God? What happens at those moments when a parent of a terminally ill child asks 'why him? He never did anything to deserve this!'You as pastors have all known such moments, and I am sure you know that they are crucial moments in ministry. It matters a lot what we say and do in these encounters. It also matters a lot how we engage theologically with peoples' suffering in our liturgical leadership, preaching and teaching.While we will need to take account of some current popular approaches to this matter in the church today, for the purposes of comparison, we do not have room for a comprehensive historical or theoretical treatment of this complex and challenging area of 'theodicy'.2 Rather I invite you to share with me a basic exploration of Luther's theology of suffering, and to reflect with me on its practical and pastoral application today.As we begin, let me own that I am writing in favour of Luther's theological position, which is one among many Christian approaches, because I think it is actually the only one that is biblically, theologically and practically viable. However, I invite you to think about this critical issue for yourself, and to welcome the opportunity it may provide for reflection on your own pastoral theology and practice.Two Current Popular Views of Suffering3It will help us to comprehend and differentiate Luther's theology better if we briefly sketch two popular alternative explanations of suffering among Christians today.Positive PsychologyA perspective on suffering that has gained a lot of popularity in Australia today, also among Christians (even though it is fundamentally secular), is that offered by the positive psychology movement.4 The perspective offered here is positively pragmatic: suffering is productive, a force that stimulates persons towards change and growth. Addressing the questions of suffering within this framework, James Davies5 observes that suffering is a natural and essential part of the human journey that provides crucially formative moments of reflection and redirection. Suffering is part of our education; what doesn't kill us makes us stronger. …


For students of social and economic inequality, the most widely used measure is no other than the Gini coefficient. Whereas some other measures of inequality have certain characteristics that may be useful, such as the straightforward decomposability of the generalized entropy measures, the Gini coefficient has remained the most popular, at least in part due to its ease in interpretation. However, the Gini coefficient has a serious limitation in measuring inequality. It is less sensitive to how the population is stratified than how individual values differ. The twin purposes of this paper are to explain the limitation and to propose an alternative, model-based method—latent class/clustering analysis for understanding and measuring inequality. The latent cluster approach has the major advantages of being able to identify potential "classes" of individuals who share similar levels of income (or another attribute) and to assess the fit to the empirical data of alternative models of different assumptions and varying number of latent classes. In sum, here we distinguish class inequality from individual inequality, the type that is better measured by the Gini. Once the classes are estimated, class inequality is then measured by freeing the previously-mentioned limitation of the Gini coefficient with a decomposition of the overall Gini into between-class and within-class inequality measures. The number of estimated classes is allowed to vary to give a comparative sense of the Gini measures of class inequality.


The advancement of science and technology has brought an increase in longevity and, consequently, an increased prevalence of chronic diseases. Among these diseases, heart failure causes one of the higher expenses for the Unified Health System. Thus, it's necessary to monitor these patients to avoid decompensation and possible hospitalizations. In the nursing area, it appears that proper interventions should be implemented to the search of results for these patients. This study aims to build a tool for monitoring and evaluation for the patients with heart failure from the outcome indicators of Nursing Outcomes Effectiveness of Cardiac Pump Classifications found in nursing literature and develop operational definitions of the indicators of the outcome of nursing Effectiveness of Cardiac Pump. It is an exploratory, descriptive, quantitative and qualitative approach. The sample consists of scientific productions that addresses on the topic under study in a time frame of five years. It was used as a theoretical and methodological referential the concept analysis and the analysis of lexical co-occurrences. It's hoped that the results of this study contributes to the production of new knowledge about the Nursing Care System targeted to patients with heart failure as it brings out the best evidence about the outcome Nursing Effectiveness of Cardiac Pump, allowing thus, the use of a standardized language that enhances the health context and practice of nursing and guides clinical decision making by nurses.


The European Commission recently published a report (European Commission June 2014) commenting on the main findings of the OECD's Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS 2013). The European Commission Report highlights the implications for education and training policies in Europe, particularly in relation to areas of concern in education in Europe. A number of the challenges identified in the report are explored by the authors of the articles published in this issue of the journal. For example, the report states, 'According to school leaders, 36% of EU teachers work in schools where a shortage of qualified and/or well-performing teachers hinders the capacity to provide quality instruction' (European Commission 2014, 4). The first two articles in this issue draw attention to the challenge of a shortage of qualified teachers in some schools. The authors of both papers suggest that a better understanding of the motives that lead people to decide to become a teacher is needed in order to understand how prospective teachers might be attracted to teacher education and be retained in the teaching profession. The emphasis on improving the quality of teachers has led some countries to pay greater attention to the selection processes in an effort to raise the quality of the student teachers entering teacher education. However, attracting quality candidates to teacher education programmes does not solve all the problems of recruitment for schools as some teacher education students subsequently do not choose to enter the teaching profession at the end of their courses. Furthermore, some of those who do take up a teaching post drop out of the profession in the early stages of their career. In the first article, Canrinus and Bruinsma draw on a study carried out in the Netherlands which explored student teachers' motives for becoming teachers, their professional commitment and their self-efficacy after a year of teacher education. The authors suggest that it was student teachers' perception of the quality of teaching that impacted most on their ability and self-efficacy in a school context at the end of their education. Rots, Aelterman and Devos in the second article also explore the impact that teacher education programmes have on graduates' choice to enter (or not enter) the teaching profession. The authors draw on a study carried out in Flanders which identified potential predictors of teacher education graduates' decision to join the teaching profession or not. Rots et al. surveyed 217 student teachers engaged in a secondary education teacher education programme shortly before and shortly after their graduation. They suggest, from their results, that the importance of teacher education, particularly mentor support, along with initial motivation and labour market factors appear to explain graduates' decision to join the teaching profession. Severiens, Wolff and van Herpen's article concerns another key issue that poses an increasing challenge for teacher education – how best to prepare student teachers to teach in culturally diverse classrooms. The TALIS Report (OECD 2013) indicated that teachers said that one of the most important professional development


Higher education is a contract between professor and student; which specifies what each pole can expect from the other (Johnson, 1995). The strategies, techniques and devices used by teachers to achieve their personal, scientific and technical purposes during their lessons are the subject of various researches in didactics. This research is in line with the scientific orientation of clinical didactics, which is characterized by a double theoretical and epistemological affiliation: didactics and clinical psychoanalytic inspiration. We are interested in the singularity of the subject teachers taken in didactics. In Tunisia, most higher education teachers do not have professional and continuous education in pedagogy and didactics, and no follow-up in their careers. As if the question did not arise and the ability to accompany students, to develop their critical thinking skills and to promote their learning was selfEuropean Journal of Educational Sciences, EJES September 2017 edition Vol.4, No.3 ISSN 18576036 75 evident. The aim of this work is to insist on the importance of continuing education and professional development of experienced university teachers.


Partial comprehension and abnormal operation of the authors text and readers texts are major causes of endless dispute in researches into Lu xun and his works; both inhumane political interpretation and nonhistorical pseudo academic words are pragmaticism and fashionable tendency; researchers should think independently, form Middle Road thought, and adhere to the spirit of seeking truth from facts, so that they will be able to Approach Lu Xun truly and carry out an innovative mental dialogue with Lu xun and his works.


We handle the problem of model and feature selection for Support Vector Machines (SVMs) in this thesis. To select the best model for a given training set, we embed the standard convex quadratic problem of SVM training in an upper level problem where the optimal objective value of the quadratic problem is minimized over the feasible range of the kernel parameters. This leads to a bi-level optimization problem for which the optimal solution always exists. The problem of feature selection can be solved simultaneously under the same framework except that the kernel function is extended by introducing independent kernel parameters for each features in the original space. Two solution strategies to solve the bi-level problems of this Self-Adaptive SVMs (SASVMs) are studied. Under the first strategy, the lower level problems are replaced by their corresponding Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) conditions. Then, the bi-level problems are solved as non-linear non-convex one-level problems by general non-linear solvers. Experiment results show that this strategy can only handle small-sized training sets. The second strategy is designed around the derivative free optimization (DFO) method. The main idea of this strategy is to minimize a quadratic model, which is constructed from the solution of the lower level problem at discrete values of kernel parameters, of the optimal objective value over a controlled range of kernel parameter. At last, SASVMs are applied to several benchmark data sets. They are multi-spectral and hyper-spectral Remote Sensing images, the MNIST data set of hand-written digits and breast cancer classification data set. The accuracies of SASVMs are compared with those achieved by other classifiers.


The isoscalar and isovector particle densities and the surface tension coefficients at the average binding energy are used to derive analytical expressions of the neutron skin thickness and the isovector stiffness of sharp edged proton-neutron asymmetric nuclei. For most Skyrme forces these quantities are significantly larger than the well known ones. Using the analytical isovector surface energy constants in the framework of the hydrodynamical and the Fermi-liquid droplet models the mean energies and the sum rules of the isovector giant dipole resonances are in fair agreement with the experimental data.


F o r e s t r y , 1 9 5 6 , M e n s u r a t i o n a l S t u d i e s ; L o d g e p o l e p i n e p r e s e n t s much d i f f e r  e n t m e n s u r a t i o n a l p r o b l e m s t h a n d o o t h e r f o r e s t t r e e s p e c i e s . I t w o u l d t h e r e f o r e b e s o m e w h a t i m p r a c t i c a l t o a p p l y t h e r e  s u l t s f r o m w o r k i n o t h e r s p e c i e s t o l o d g e p o l e p i n e p r o b l e m s . T h e f i e l d o f s t a n d f a c t o r s i t e q u a l i t y s t u d y i n l o d g e  p o l e p i n e h a s r e c e i v e d l i t t l e a t t e n t i o n t o d a t e . P a s t s t u d  i e s , a l t h o u g h l i m i t e d i n n u m b e r , i n d i c a t e t h a t s t a n d d e n s i t y c l o s e l y c o n t r o l s v o l u m e a n d h e i g h t g r o w t h ( 2 6 , 3 8 ) . Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.


It is often pointed out that existing object-oriented analysis/design methods have problems that make comprehension of design diagrams difficult because too many classes are displayed in a single diagram, design diagrams cannot be reused and details of dynamic behavior cannot be described on design diagrams, etc. To solve these problems, an object modeling method called SOMM is proposed and its modeling environment SOME is proposed where design diagrams are hierarchically structured.

With SOMM, objects are modeled from different viewpoints and are represented using four types of diagrams. Derivation Diagram: DD expresses inheritance relationships among classes; Object Diagram: OD represents association among classes; Even-trace Diagram: ETD shows even communication sequence among classes; and State-transition Diagram: STD expresses state transitions in a class life cycle. Aggregation among classes is represented by embedding (Zoom In) an object diagram into a class of another object diagram. As a result, the diagrams are hierarchically structurized. Moreover, because the diagrams are made and controlled for each class, reuse is easy.

Further, all these three models of a class are stored in an integrated object, so SOME can check inconsistency among related diagrams and correct them.

Meanwhile, the event-trace diagram is extended to represent the details of dynamic behavior of a class, especially the sequence of reactions to the incoming event. Thus the programs could be made systematically and directly from the diagrams.


A new instrumental method for the determination of 5-phthalate esters (PAEs, namely, DMP, DEP, DBP, BBP, DEHP), by accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) and gas chromgraphy/mass spectrastrum (GC/MS) was described. The optimum condition such as extraction temperature, extraction time, and chromatography condition were studied. The detection limit was 0.1mg/kg with recoveries between 95.55% and 99.8% with good reproducibility and precision.


A new hybrid, Epilobium x kitcheneri McKean hybr. novo (Onagraceae), between a widespread British species, Epilobium monlanwn L., and a much more local alien species E. pedunculare A. Cunn. is described from its one wild location in West Perlhshirc, v.c. 87. This new taxon more closely resembles thc New Zealand parent but is gcncrally larger in its parts and the shoots arc ascending towards the apex instead of being prostrate as in E. peduncuLare.


Electromobility (e-mobility) and shared mobility on-demand are relatively new research areas. Different progress has been made in different countries in these fields. The paper analyzes current trends of the development of e-mobility on-demand services (car-sharing, bike-sharing, scooter-sharing, and kick scooter-sharing) in six selected CEE countries (Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Lithuania, Ukraine, and Belarus). Identification of the main barriers and opportunities for further growth required a review the key components of national e-mobility systems, such as: demand and supply on the electric car market, charging infrastructure development, as well as available instruments supporting e-mobility. A number of absolute and relative indicators were used. The analysis confirmed that Poland and other CEE countries are still at the beginning phase of the e-mobility development. Although Poland is the leader in the CEE region in terms of the development of e-mobility on-demand services, a low charging infrastructure availability is one of the barriers of car-sharing development. Economic effectiveness of the providers' activities will be the main challenge in the coming years.


The quorum sensing inhibition (QSI) activities of ethanolic extracts of selected Philippine ethnobotanicals against Pseudomonas aeruginosa BIOTECH 1335 were evaluated in the study. Ethnobotanicals tested were Bidens pilosa L. (Anwad), Cestrum nocturnum L. (Dama de Noche), Sarcandra glabra (Thunb.) Nakai (Hag-ob), Oreocnide trinervis (Wedd.) Miq. (Lal-latan), Derris elliptica Benth. (Opay), Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br. (Palay), Ageratina adenophora (Spreng.) R. M. King & H. Rob (Panawel) and Ayapana triplinervis (Vahl) R. M. King & H. Rob (Pantallion).Ethanolic extracts were subjected to assays on the phenotypic expression of virulence factors for P. aeruginosa: pyocyanin production and swarming motility.The ethanolic extracts of O. trinervis, C. nocturnum and A. triplinervis showed presence of QSI in both virulence assays of P. aeruginosa; whereas the ethanolic extracts of S. glabra, D. elliptica, A. scholaris and A. adenophora showed presence of QSI only on the swarming motility but not in pyocyanin production. All ethanolic extracts of the ethnobotanicals showed great potential in the development of anti-quorum sensing drugs as new strategy to combat bacterial infections and inhibition of quorum sensing related virulence processes.


We calculate two-loop corrections to the coefficient functions of the condensates 〈G2〉0 and in the QCD sum rules for the light mesons in the vector, scalar and pseudoscalar channels, and three-loop corrections to the coefficient function of the condensate 〈G2〉0 in the (pseudo)scalar channel. We find that a renormalization-group analysis casts strong doubts on the feasibility of obtaining correct estimates for the coefficient functions via perturbation theory.


Ad Infinitum is an instrumental piece using mallet instruments that repeats to create suspense with a crescendo in the middle.


In the present study, a comprehensive theoretical kinetic investigation of the homopolymerization of l,l-lactide in the presence of stannous octoate Sn(Oct)2 as initiator for the synthesis of high-molecular weight polylactide is carried out using the stochastic Monte Carlo (MC) numerical method. A comprehensive mathematical model is developed based on a detailed kinetic mechanism to predict the dynamic evolution of monomer conversion and molecular weight distribution. The validity of the implemented kinetic model and the accuracy of the produced simulation results are assessed via a direct comparison with theoretical predictions of the average molecular properties by the method of moments as well as with available experimental data. The effects of monomer to initiator molar ratio and polymerization temperature on the polymerization rate and average molecular weight properties of polylactide are studied.


Glitches are sudden jumps in the spin frequency of pulsars believed to originate in the superfluid interior of neutron stars. Superfluid flow in a model neutron star is simulated by solving the equations of motion of a two-component superfluid consisting of a viscous proton-electron plasma and an inviscid neutron condensate in a spherical Couette geometry. We examine the response of our model neutron star to glitches induced in three different ways: by instantaneous changes of the spin frequency of the inner and outer boundaries, and by instantaneous recoupling of the fluid components in the bulk. All simulations are performed with strong and weak mutual friction. It is found that the maximum size of a glitch that originates in the bulk decreases as the mutual friction strengthens. It is also found that mutual friction determines the fraction of the frequency jump which is later recovered, a quantity known as the 'healing parameter'. These behaviours may explain some of the diversity in observed glitch recoveries.


The coronavirus outbreak hit the world in early 2020, including Indonesia. Health protocols such as wearing masks, maintaining distance, checking body temperature, and washing hands are carried out to prevent the spread of the coronavirus. Therefore, this research aims to build an Internet of Things (IoT) based system to detect the use of masks and body temperature measurements as well as the use of doorstops as a condition of whether users can enter the environment or not. Observations, questionnaires, and interviews were also conducted to collect data to see the use of existing health protocols and respondents' opinions on the application of IoT in the health sector, especially the application of health protocols. The observation results showed that there were still many people who did not use masks and did not check their body temperature if they wanted to enter a place. The results of questionnaires and interviews were obtained with 93% saying yes that the built product was feasible and would help the spread of the coronavirus. The implementation of Arduino system design, ultrasonic sensors, python programming, and OpenCV resulted in a hardware design that is able to detect masks and body temperature without direct interaction between security officers and guests/students. The result is that if you don't use a mask, the alarm sounds, but if you wear a mask, the alarm doesn't sound. If the temperature is detected above 37.50 C, the servo will be closed which means that the user cannot enter the location, while if the temperature is detected below 37.50 C, the servo will open.


Underwater Information Counterwork is one of the important considerations of Navy development.Besides sonar,Underwater Acoustic Networks(UAN) will play more important role in information acquisition and counterworking during the future sea wars.In this paper,some of the key technologies of UAN are depicted.Thereafter,challenges to UAN are analyzed and some solutions are presented in view of information counterworking.


As a foundation for considering how gains may be maintained following early intervention in first‐episode psychosis (FEP), this study aimed to describe and investigate factors predicting post‐discharge relapse and longer term functioning.


The effects of the species of cation and anion in electrolyte and the concentration of KHCO3 on current efficiency of formic acid synthesized by CO2 were studied,and the primary species for this reaction was analyzed.The results showed that the sequence for current efficiency of formic acid was K+Na+Li+NH+4 and PO3-4 SO2-4 CO2-3 HCO-3 in the electrolyte including different cation and anion.The current efficiency of formic acid in 0.45 mol·L-1 KHCO3 was highest;HCO-3 was the primary species for synthesis of formic acid from carbon dioxide.


Fleabane has the functions of anti\|platele\|aggregation,descreasing the blood viscosity and thus improving microcirculation and blood flow. Thanks to such pharmacological effects,very good results have been achieved when it is used in the treatment of stroke residuals,cardiac infarction.thrombophlebititis etc.


Professor Jan Boć conducted important and extensive research. Some arrangements contained in his achievements have entered the canon of administrative law and science of administration. The Professor is a continuator and builder of the Wroclaw School of Administrative Law.


We review some central conclusions from the economics literature regarding the likely impact of information sharing by industry suppliers on consumer welfare. We also review the specific information sharing activities undertaken by Agri Stats. We conclude that although some elements of Agri Stats' activities may have had the potential to enhance consumer welfare, several elements of the activities reflect features of information sharing that the common wisdom suggests are relatively likely to harm consumers.


Analogous to time signals that can be composed of multiple frequency functions, we use uniquely structured orthogonal spatial modes to create different beam shapes. We tailor the spatial structure by judiciously choosing a weighted combination of multiple modal states within an orthogonal basis set, and we can tunably create beam phase and intensity "shapes" that are not otherwise readily achievable. As an example shape, we use a series of orbital-angular-momentum (OAM) functions with adjustable complex weights to create a reconfigurable spatial region of higher localized power as compared to traditional beam combining. We simulate a structured beam created by coherently combining several orthogonal OAM beams with different complex weights, and we achieve a >10X localized power density enhancement with 19 beams. Additionally, we can create unique shapes by passing a single beam through a specially designed phase and intensity mask that contains the combination of multiple OAM functions each with complex weights. Using this approach, we experimentally demonstrate a ~2.5X localized power density increase when utilizing 9 functions.


The synthesis of strontium carbonate(SrCO3) Nan particles is reported in this article.It was prepared by ionic liquid or surfactant-assisted method employing strontium nitrate and sodium carbonate as the starting materials at room temperature.The effect of preparation conditions on SrCO3 Nan particles such as the pH Value and temperature was considered.Transmission electron microscopy was used to investigate morphologies and diameter,and the results show that SrCO3 nimrods assembled by Nan particles with a diameter about 25nm were synthesized successfully.


Recently, Nelson and Manohar pointed out that it is impossible to define moothly the color generators in the grand unified theory with G→SU(3)×U(1) if the magnetic charge of monopole is not integer times of 3_(go) (go is the Dirac unit magnetic charge). Sudarshan et al. analysed the topological ...


We thank the two reviewers for their ideas and suggestions to improve this paper. We have carefully considered them all and changed our manuscript accordingly. In the following we include a point-by-point response to the reviews, and attached a marked-up manuscript version showing the differences to the initially submitted version. Please note that the line numbers point to the non-marked manuscript.


The Brown Noddy Tern (Anoiis stolidus) lines its nest with marine shells and debris. The weight of shells in ten nests on Perez Island, Alacran Reef, Campeche Bank, totaled 12,435 gms. The shell accumulations in nests contain species common to shell deposits on nearby beaches. The shells are mostly from burrowing pelecypods inaccessible to birds when alive and are not used as food. Bird deposits may be distinguished from beach deposits by the scarcity of coral fragments which are abundant on the beaches.


AJR 2013; 201:W917 0361–803X/13/2016–W917 © American Roentgen Ray Society Breast Sarcoma After BreastConserving Therapy for Breast Cancer in a Patient With Li-Fraumeni Syndrome Presenting as Focal Nonmasslike Enhancement on MRI We read with interest the article by Smith et al. [1], "Imaging Features of Primary Breast Sarcoma," published in the April 2012 issue of the AJR. We would like to report a distinct clinical and radiologic presentation of an asymptomatic radiation-associated breast sarcoma initially perceived as a nonmasslike enhancement on breast MRI. Our patient was a 39-year-old woman who had Li-Fraumeni syndrome. The patient had undergone previous lumpectomy and chemotherapy with radiotherapy 10 years before for left invasive breast carcinoma. As part of the annual surveillance, bilateral breast MRI was performed using a 1.5-T system (Signa 1.5 T, GE Healthcare) with an eight-channel breast coil (Vanguard, Sentinelle). The examination detected a 1.3-cm homogeneous focal-linear asymmetric nonmasslike enhancement with an adjacent 4-mm enhancing focus anterior to it; both regions showed a mostly persistent pattern of enhancement on kinetic analysis (Fig. 1). The BI-RADS category assigned was 4. A second-look ultrasound did not identify any underlying lesion with certainty. Furthermore, bilateral mammography was unremarkable except for postsurgical changes. MRI-guided biopsy of the left breast yielded atypical cells with features suspicious for sarcoma, and final postsurgical pathologic analysis confirmed a diagnosis of high-grade undifferentiated sarcoma. Contrary to what has been reported recently in the literature, this case of primary breast sarcoma did not show the commonly described finding of a palpable lump on clinical presentation and did not show the expected radiologic features, such as oval mass shape on ultrasound or mass-lesion appearance with rapid early uptake and delayed washout on MRI [1, 2]. Individuals with Li-Fraumeni syndrome are at increased risk of developing sarcoma and a variety of other neoplasms, such as premenopausal breast cancer. In addition, these patients have increased susceptibility to radiation and are prone to develop radiation-induced secondary malignancies. Current recommendations encourage early breast cancer screening for women with Li-Fraumeni syndrome using annual mammography or annual breast MRI beginning at 20–25 years old [3]. Simon Sun Francine Tremblay Benoit Mesurolle McGill University Health Center, Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada


Acid sulfate soils characteristically underlie many of our nationally significant coastal floodplains and wetlands and must be managed appropriately to avoid severe environmental degradation on site and to receiving waters. When mismanaged acid sulfate soils can severely degrade the quality of coastal water via acidification, deoxygenation, and metal toxicity. Where a development is planned in these landscapes, legislation often requires a management plan be prepared to ensure the environmental impacts are minimised. An acid sulfate soil identification, assessment and management short course has been developed and is specifically designed to ensure that these resources are managed appropriately to protect our nationally significant coastal areas. A Federal Government Community Coastcare grant will fund a project to deliver the course to all Australian states and the Northern Territory.


Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemical Engineering; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 1998.