Focus in this discussion of Uganda is on the sources of demographic data socioeconomic and demographic indicators (total population fertility mortality population concentration index of food production literacy and school enrollment population projections); population policies and programs; population in development planning; and financial assistance. Usable demographic data in Uganda is exclusively from population censuses. Between 1959-69 the population grew at a rate of 3.3% per annum and between 1969-80 it grew at a rate of 2.8% per annum as compared with a 2.7% rate for the whole of Africa for the 1970-75 period. Fertility has been rising since 1948. The crude birthrate was 42 in 1948 49 in 1959 and 50 in 1969. The total fertility rate was 5.9 in 1948 5.9 in 1959 and 6.8 in 1969. Mortality has declined since 1948 primarily due to improved health services. Ugandas population is primarily rural with only 8.7% of the population recorded as urban in 1980. The government will have to work hard to achieve the target of universal primary education by the year 2000. If the annual rate of population is maintained at 2.8% the total population would double before 2005 as compared to the 2008 for 2.5% and 2001 for 3.3%. The 10 year development plan 1981-90 spells out the policy goals and strategies for the next 15 years. The policy aims at checking the population growth rate by reducing both the birthrate and death rate. The education of females and their participation in employment is identified as having had a considerable impact on fertility and mortality in central Uganda. Thus the policy aims at intensifying campaigns of female education at all levels. Population education will be introduced in schools and the government will take a more active role in family planning services through hospitals and other health units. Although the plan aims at reducing the growth rate from 3.0% per annum to 2.6% by 1995 this is not a priority item per se. The priorities focus on the quality of the population as a whole and the government has no intention of achieving its target by flooding the country with contraceptives. The government is determined to minimize undernutrition and malnutrition through formal and informal education of females. Under the slogan of "health for all" emphasis is placed on a primary health care approach helath education and the promotion of school health programs. Due to the murderous regime in Uganda during the 1970s few international population donor agencies showed interest in the country. It is hoped that the financial assistance will markedly increase in the near future.


Water is a life. Drinking water is very important to stay healthy. In Ayurveda different sources of water are described, among them divya jal-rain water is considered as very pure. In India we consider river as a Goddess. Himalaya, Himalayan Rivers are considered as holy. Clean, pure, sweet, light, satisfying, tridosha balancing, strength giving water is considered as pure and holy. Water from late monsoon rain water, autumn rain water, big lakes, upper Himalaya river water, and fountain water is considered as pure. Impure water we can identify with our five sense organs. Sun rays, air, fire, are methods to purify water. Katak is a herb which purifies water by sedimentation of dirt.to flavor water different herbs and spices are used. Properties of water changes according to its origin, land, soil and season.


In this paper novel 4H-SiC UMOSFETs structures with n-type wrapping region and superjunctions are proposed to reduce on-resistance while maintaining breakdown voltage. In the proposed 4H-SiC UMOSFETs structure an n-type region is created to wrap the p+ shielding region at the bottom of the trench gate. The on-resistances of the optimized 4H-SiC UMOSFETs and the conventional one are 2.31mΩ-cm2 and 3.56 mΩ-cm2 at V<inf>GS</inf>=15 V and V<inf>DS</inf>=10 V respectively. The on-resistance and the FOM (figure of merit = VBR2/Ron) improve by 35.1% and 37.3% respectively. By introducing a current spreading layer (CSL)the on-resistance of the optimized 4H-SiC UMOSFETs with superjunctions is 6.03mΩ-cm2 compared with 17.36 mΩ-cm2 for the conventional structure. The FOM of the optimized device with CSL is improved by 110.4% compared with the conventional one with same doping concentration.


One extends P. Deligne's notion of integrality over a finite field for a $\ell$-adic sheaf on a scheme of finite type over a local field with finite residue field. One shows that this integrality notion is preserved by $Rf_!$, as it is over a finite field after P. Deligne.


The problem of acute appendicitis in the aged deserves attention for a t least four good reasons. First, older citizens are becoming more numerous in our society and will become an even larger segment of our population. Second, fatalities in the aged and the very young account for the majority of deaths from acute appendicitis-a disease that can be treated so effectively provided diagnosis is made early. Third, complications following acute appendicitis in the aged are far too numerous, and result in prolonged periods of hospitalization. Fourth, aging results in cardiac, pulmonary, genitourinary and metabolic disorders that seriously encroach on the limited physiologic reserve already compromised by the acute infectious process. Mistakes in diagnosis and treatment are always deplored, but in aged patients they may result in death, since the margin for error can be greatly reduced by co-existing systemic disease.


The unique and numerous groups of urban migrant workers who appear in the social transformation period become the vulnerable groups in the city fringe.Their children also have the possibility to become the new vulnerable group because of the obstacles which were left over by the planned economy period.The development of the rural labors will have a deep impact on the development of the Chinese future.Based on the common features of the educational problems for the children of urban migrant workers,this papar analyzes the necessity and urgency of protecting the education right of the children of urban migrant workers from the perspectives of sociology,economics and the science of law,discovers the main causes of the current situation,and suggests some ways to build the eductional guarantee for the children of urban migrant workers from the public perspective.


Objective To investigate the epidemic status of schistosomiasis in Zhejiang province,so as to provide scientific data for the strategies formulating on schistosomiasis control.Method Both the snail investigation and serum survey were included.The snails were invesdgated by the method of systematic sampling combined with environmental sampling.Snails were dissected to determine the infection status.Snails were conuolled by environmental modification combined with molluseacide.Both the persons and livestock.in the villages where the snails inhabited and from the counties where sheistosomiasis was not controlled,were screened by serological methods,and the positive cases were confrmed by fecal examination.The cases and livestock withl schistosoma antibody or/and egg positive lYelre treated with praziquantel.Results The residual snail area was 122.02 hm2 in 349 villages of 22 counties after the snail survey was carried in 4193 villages of 53 counties in Zhejiang province. No infected snail was found among 107 613 dissected snails.210 989 individuais were subjected to serological examination and no native ease was found except 24 imported cases.1060 cases of advanced schistosomiasis have been confirmed.Conclusions The epiaemic status of schistosimiasis in Zhejiang province is stable despite of a fairly high rate of the residual snail area and the imported cases sometimes,and still,the conlrol of residual snail and imported cases is the kev point for schistomiasis control in the future.

Key words:
Schistosomiasis; Epidemic surveillance; Snails


Rethinking about the higher education management research can help us make best use of advantages and bypass the disadvantages. Starting from this, this paper discusses the characteristics of Chinese higher education management research, analyses the existing problems and predicts the development prospect.


Oro-nasal fistulae are amongst the most common sequels after surgical repair procedures of cleft palate patients. The aim of the present study was to present the experience of using tongue レ aps for closure of wide (over 1 cm) anterior palatal ル stulae, or in those cases when surgery had previously failed. Closure with tongue レ aps of anterior palatal ル stulae larger than 1 cm, or when previous treatments have failed is one of the most successful treatment options reported in scientific literature. In the present article we introduce the case of a 23 year old male with bilateral cleft palate and lip surgery sequels. The patient attended the Maxillofacial and Oral Clinic of the Graduate and Research School. Intra-oral exploration revealed a 2.5 diameter anterior palatal fistula. The patient informed of a history of several failed surgical attempts; it was therefore decided to close the anterior palatal ル stula with an anterior based tongue レ ap.


Just as interventional cardiologists took a sigh of relief on an 'invention' which could possibly offer an answer to the problem of 'restenosis', a new malady emerged from no where. A new disease had to be added to the list of iatrogenic adventures. The genie of restenosis did not disappear altogether; rather it reappeared in a more precarious form in the attire of LAST.


Statismis an economic structure within which the means of production are owned by the state and economic activity is controlled through the exercise of state power. State officials control the investment process and production through some sort of state-administrative mechanism. Socialism is an economic structure within which the means of production are socially owned 4 and economic activity is controlled through the exercise of "social power". This is equivalent to saying that the economy is democratic.


Distributed Shared Memory (DSM) systems implemented on a network of workstations (NOW) have become a convenient alternative to shared memory archi-tectures to execute long running parallel applications. However, such architectures are susceptible to experience failures. This paper presents the design and implementation of a recoverable DSM (RDSM) based on a backward error recovery (BER) mechanism. Our RDSM's design has focused on exploiting replication of data for both fault-tolerance and eeciency. This RDSM has been implemented on a NOW and performance evaluation shows the beneets of exploiting both types of replication to design an eecient, scalable and low-cost recoverable DSM.


This paper is devoted to the proof of almost everywhere existence of the ergodic Hilbert transform for a class of Lamperti operators.


Prevalence and anthelmintic resistance status of gastrointe stinal nematodes in 430 sheep investigate by faecal examination was conducted in Qushtapa , Khabat, Benslawa, Salahaddin subdistricts in Erbil , from April t o July 2012 . The mean eggs per gram (EPG) count determined by using modified McMaster technique , sh owed that (40.4 6 %) of the sheep were infested, the higher infection was 17.2% Nematodirus sp p . , 13.02% Strongylus sp p . , 4.18% Marshaligia sp p . , 2.79% Trichurus sp p . and 3.25% with coccidia . Four farms were selected randomly each divided to control an d three treatment groups: Levamisol, Albendazol e and Ivermectin groups . Anthelmintic efficacy was measured after treatment dates were investigated with faecal egg count reduction test , the F E C RT percentage for Levamisol in sheep ranged from 80.3 to 94.7 wh ich show m ost effective in Khabat with FE C R T of 94.7% while with Albendazol e ranged from 75.5% to 80.2%, suspected resistant in all group , but t he injectable Ivermectin in sheep ranged from 85.2 to 94.8 and show effective in Bnaslawa and Salahaddin with FE CR of 94.6% and 94.8% respectively. All the anthelmintic were found to be low ef fective, but resistance to Albendazol e was suspected. Based on the findings, it was concluded that development of anthelmintic resistance could be prevented by avoiding fre quent dosing and under dosing, while strategic deworming should be practiced by both animal health workers and animal owners.


Large area displays such as laptop computers and flat screen televisions have enormous market potential. There are numerous technologies in existence today, including LCD (liquid crystal displays) and plasma, however they each suffer from unique limitations, mainly the size of the display and operating conditions. There is still a need for a method of depositing electronic materials over large areas at suitable temperatures. This is important since the construction of panels using sub-modules such as crystalline silicon wafers is very difficult and expensive. The displays based on liquid crystals that use thin film transistor (TFT) driven active matrix addressing is the most common flat screen technology at present. However, there are great problems associated with yield in fabrication, especially for screen dimensions over 14 inches. Hence the screens are very expensive. Field emission displays utilising the phenomenon of field emission in which electrons escape their work function and "jump" from the surface of the semiconductor into a vacuum has been proposed as a competing technology. Each pixel is controlled by many tip based emitters, therefore improving the yield. This thesis explores the field emission properties and mechanisms of tip based emitters, and also explore the possibility of utilising carbon nanotubes as electron sources for field emission displays.


Photo-tagging web sites provide several methods to annotate photographs. In this paper, we study how people use and respond to three different annotation styles: single-word tags, multi-word tags, and comments. We find significant differences in how annotation styles influence the objectivity, descriptiveness, and interestingness of annotations. Although single-word and multi-word tags are not normally differentiated, users prefer multi-word tags for their combination of descriptiveness and succinctness. We also discover that producers and consumers assess annotation styles differently in terms of ease of use, support for different user goals, and amount of effort required, demonstrating that allowing multiple modes of annotation is generally beneficial, as is considering both tag production and consumption.


We have measured the ab-plane electrical resistivity in magnetic fields parallel to the c-axis for T'-Pr1.3-xLa0.7CexCuO4+ (x = 0.10) high-Tc superconducting single crystals with various oxygen contents. It has been found that a strongly localized state of carriers in the as-grown crystal changes to a metallic state bringing about the Kondo effect through the reduced annealing. These results can be understood in terms of a band model based on the so-called non-doped superconductivity in the parent cuprates with the T' structure. It has been concluded that the mechanism of superconductivity in the electron-doped cuprates may be different from that in the hole-doped cuprates.


Tissue from pediatric solid tumors is in high demand for use in high‐impact research studies, making the allocation of tissue from an anatomic pathology laboratory challenging. We designed, implemented, and assessed an interdepartmental process to optimize tissue allocation of pediatric solid tumors for both clinical care and research.


the social lives of dogs the grace of canine company is available in our book collection an online access to it is set as public so you can get it instantly. Our book servers hosts in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the the social lives of dogs the grace of canine company is universally compatible with any devices to read.


Use of migration stopovers by radio-marked whooping cranes (Grus americana) between Aransas National Wildlife Refuge, Texas, and central Saskatchewan was studied in fall 1981-83 and spring 1983-84 as part of a cooperative program with the Canadian Wildlife Service. Twenty-seven cranes were monitored for one or several seasons, including nine radio-marked birds and others that associated with them. Whooping cranes showed plasticity in their use of migration habitats, feeding primarily in a variety of croplands and roosting primarily in palustrine wetlands. More than 40% of the roosting wetlands were smaller than 0.5 ha. Although heavily vegetated wetlands were generally not used, family groups appeared to select more heavily vegetated wetlands than nonfamilies. Juveniles allocated 25% more time to foraging than did parents. Parents increased their foraging rate and showed less alert behavior in spring migration. Dissociation of parents and young occurred late in spring migration and after arrival on the breeding grounds. Dancing behavior was most frequent in subadults, suggesting its importance for pair formation. Although whooping cranes tended to be wary, there was much individual variation in thresholds of tolerance of human activity and disturbance. Hunters were present during large segments of the fall migrations but were not a mortality factor in this study. Of the six deaths of postfledging radiomarked birds, four occurred on the wintering grounds and were attributed to disease (one), predation (one), and unknown causes (two). A· venile and a subadult died during migration afteu:ollisfuns with ~Mortality of postfledging, radio-marked birds was not different from independent estimates of mortality for birds not radio-marked. Distribution patterns of radio-tracked birds differed greatly from distributions derived from opportunistic sightings. An 85,000 km2 area in Saskatchewan appears to function as a premigratory staging area in fall. There is no counterpart of the sandhill crane (G. canadensis) spring staging area in central Nebraska. Recommendations are suggested for management of whooping cranes during


Pittard, James (Yale University, New Haven, Conn.), John S. Loutit, and Edward A. Adelberg. Gene transfer by F′ strains of Escherichia coli K-12. I. Delay in initiation of chromosome transfer. J. Bacteriol. 85:1394–1401. 1963.—Two different F′ strains were found to transfer both F-merogenote and chromosomal markers to recipient strains. When zygotes having received different chromosomal markers from the male were selected, a high percentage of them were found to have also received F-merogenote markers under conditions in which the mating of more than one male cell with a single female cell was excluded. An analysis of the kinetics of zygote formation revealed that chromosomal markers began to be transferred from F′ strains 8 to 10 min later than from their analogous Hfr strains. The rate of chromosome transfer is the same from both F′ and Hfr strains, and the difference observed in kinetic experiments was shown not to be due to any difference between the sequence of chromosomal genes in the F′ and Hfr strains. F′ strains and Hfr strains showed no difference in ability to form specific pairs with female recipients shortly after mixing. The observed delay in the transfer of chromosomal markers from F′ cells thus means that, after specific pair formation, F′ cells take 8 to 10 min longer than Hfr cells to initiate chromosome transfer.


Abstract The paper uses daily data from Google to analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on people's mobility around the world regarding three types of leisure and travel activity: retail shopping and recreation; participation in open spaces, such as parks, beaches, gardens, and marinas; and food and medicine. These types of activity reflect important leisure and travel choices of people under conditions of epidemiological risk. We use the daily mortality rate as a key predictor. The results show that higher rates of mortality are associated with a lower mobility in shopping and recreation activities, higher mobility in open space activities, and rather insignificant changes in mobility regarding necessities. The effect depends on the stringency of the lockdown policies. The results remain robust after applying endogeneity analysis and country-level controls.


The main objective of this study is to investigate the effect of salt water on the mechanical properties of a high modulus carbon-epoxy composite. Specimens were made of a carbon-epoxy composite UPN139B of SK Chemical and tested under inplane tension and shear after 0, 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months immersion in 3.5% salt water. Acceleration technique such as temperature elevation was not used. The tensile strengths and modulli in fiber and matrix direction did not show any remarkable degradation until 12 months immersion. In contrast to the tensile properties, shear strength and modulus started to gradually decrease up to about 10% of values of dry specimens after 12 months immersion. It was confirmed through the test that the material UPN139B can be an effective material for the shell structures in salt water to resist against the external pressure buckling because of the high fiber directional modulus and corrosion resistance.


The role of the hydrodynamic cavitation for initiating and supporting chain-radical reactions of oxidation of organic substrates, among them 4-nitrophenol (4-NP), with Fenton's reagent (H2O2 + Fe 2+ ) has been shown. Fe 2+ ions were supplied into solution by dissolving split steel shot or steel chips in cavitation reaction vessel. At initial concentrations of 4-NP and H 2 O 2 of 6.7 · 10 –5 and 4.02 · 10 –4 mol/L, respectively, the degree of phenol conversion at pH 3.4 reaches 98 %. The diagram of the set-up designed to treat sewage with productivity 0.5 m 3 /h and the description of the equipment for cavitation generation are presented.


The objective of this study is to identify the different factors that influence the decision-making process of the tax advisor. The method used in this research calls upon literature and bibliographical studies. The author uses various reviews, the discussion of which is always important and used as reference material in the creation of these reviews. The results of this study indicate that perceptions of Machiavellianism, ethics of social responsibility, situational factors, and locus of control have a positive impact on professional tax decisions. The research may be used as reference material for other researchers.
Keywords:


Abstract: This chapter discusses the application of CMOS image sensors in the mobile market. The chapter first reviews the history and how innovation has overcome the limitations of core technologies to enable mobile imaging. A review of the CMOS image sensor architectures and product considerations provides insight into how the basic image sensor evolves to a smart camera imaging solution, featuring key functions beyond picture taking into full 'imaging for information.' The chapter then discusses emerging technologies that will transform mobile imaging to enable unique and useful applications, which will fuel market growth and broaden the adoption of imaging technology across the globe.


Based on data from KPAI in 2019, many brawls in several areas have claimed the lives of students. There are 18 character values consisting of religious, honest, tolerance, hard work discipline, creative, independent, democratic, curiosity, national spirit, love for the homeland, respect for achievement, friendly, love peace, love to read, care for the environment, care for social, and responsibility. These character values come from the values contained in religion, Pancasila, culture and national education goals. This study involves qualitative method with naturalistic approach. The data was collected through interview, observation, and documentation. The study aims to know the establishment value of discipline character of student. MTs Nurul Ummah Kotagede Yogyakarta is one of the school that implement the character education with model of Islamic boarding. The result of this study showed that the process of forming the value of discipline character at MTs Nurul Ummah is through three stages, the first stage is drafting curriculum, syllabus, and lesson plan, school and regulation program that contain character values that are applied in the learning process that can estabilish the discipline character of student. Second, the implementation of the discipline character used several strategies, learning integration, exemplary, habitualy and guidance, giving advice, punishment and reward, and attention. Third, through evaluation, each semester student's progress is evaluated, the evaluation process involves assessment between classmate and teacher who teaches in the class. The formation of the disciplined character still has some shortcomings, but can be improved and will continue to develop in a better direction.


This paper describes a computer model for surge distribution studies in the windings of electrical machines. The computer model takes the coil as the basis for the analysis and uses multiconductor transmission line theory to obtain the transference matrix for the winding. Several practical formulations based on machine design characteristics are used for calculating electrical parameters. Flux penetration into the iron core and mutual coupling between coils in different phase windings are incorporated into the analysis. The model was validated by a comparison of predicted and calculated results in a high voltage motor.


This paper is devoted to a rigorous conjecture concerning the identification of a process with nonlinear dynamics, where the nonlinearities are stimulated by an intended variation in set point. The changing of the operating point motivates the process nonlinearity and cause considerable challenges for process modeling. This paper proposes a novel scheme to overcome these challenges. The technique utilizes the Parameter Estimation Method (PEM) with Gauss Newton (GN) algorithm to obtain the optimal values of the model parameters at selective operating points. Based on the set value, a fuzzy synthesizer determines the input-dependent parameters to construct a nonlinear model. Experimental study on the Process Control System (PCS) training set is employed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed technique. The steady state I/O mapping is used to determine the level of congruence between the process output and the output of the proposed nonlinear model.


In order to study the static deformation process of gasbag with textile reinforced composite lining,this paper designed an experiment platform according to the performance of this kind of gasbag.Firstly,loaded high pressure gas into gasbag,then researched on the deformation process of gasbag.Secondly,used LS-DYNA software,for finite element analysis,to build model for gasbag inflation,then did numerial simulation for the whole inflation process.According to the experiment result,analyse the change of inflation transformation and the deformation law of the gasbag,and get time-dependent changes of height,volume and pressure of the inflated gasbag.Experiment data is basically consistent with the result of numerial simulation.


The paper considers some extracts from George John Romanes' Mental Evolution in Man (1888) in order to analyse the author's contribution to the debate on the mental faculties of human beings and the origin of language. By adopting the Darwinian view of a continuity between species – where all differences are in kind and not in degree – Romanes identifies in receptual ideation and denotative sign-making a common psychological and semiotic ground shared by humans and other animals, starting from which human beings gradually attained conceptual ideation and denominative sign-making. By applying this scheme to the findings of contemporary philologists, Romanes achieves his main goal of providing philological proof for his hypotheses, thus defending the Darwinian theory on the origin of language against past and present attacks at the hands of German philologist Max Muller.


When is freedom possible? In the silence of a shared heartbeat, when desire is not consumed by the wounds of social forces, hubris, or the historical memory of such violations. According to Cynthia Willett, the locus of that desire is in the socially embedded person. She argues that crimes against the individual as a social person constitute political wounds that should be healed via emancipatory love (p. 214).


The technological and stylistic differences of the kantharos cups elements in Sâncrăieni allow us to identify several distinct artisans: (1) the artisan of the engraved bowls (the bowls of cups no. 4-8); (2) the artisan of the imported cup no. 1; (3) the artisan of cups no. 2 and 3, probably of the 3rd type of stems as well and (4) the artisan of the 2nd type of stems. Artisans 1, 3 and 4 are local, whereas the 2nd one is Greco-Roman. One can also assume that there is a chronological gap between craftsman no. 1, on the one hand, and the 3rd and 4th, on the other – it's probably a matter of one generation. In any case, the less than harmonious collaboration of a number of craftsmen with different manners of ornamentation, led to a lack of unity in style of the elements constituting the kantharos cups that were produced in a "barbaric" environment (cups no. 2-8). This lack of stylistic unity, as well as the disassembling of the cups in Sâncrăieni prior to their burial brought forth dilemmas that proved insurmountable to modern restoration. It would have been preferable, therefore, to avoid interventions of an irreversible nature and to preserve the separate elements of the kantharos cups in the state in which they had been discovered.


Misreporting of foods by study participants when they self-record their diets is a ubiquitous feature of current dietary assessments. Some evidence suggests that the prevalence of misreporting, resulting in apparently low energy intakes (low energy reporting) has increased over the past three decades. Two studies conducted in England during the 1930s are among the earliest dietary assessments of free-living subjects that used 7-d weighed intakes and rigorous methodology. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of misreporting in the published data of these two studies. Subjects (63 men and 63 women) were predominantly students, housewives and professionals in sedentary occupations. Body weight, height and BMI were calculated from the published data and BMR was estimated using standard formulae. Probable lowenergy reporters were identified where energy intake:BMR was less than the cut-off value for plausible intakes calculated using occupation relevant physical activity levels. Mean body weight (65.9 SD 6.9kg) and BMI (23.6 SD 4.3 kg/m) were less than typically reported in modern studies and only 25% had a BMI > 25 kg/m. Mean reported daily energy intake (11.0 SD 2.3MJ) and energy intake:BMR (1.71 SD 0.36) were higher than typical modern values in the literature. Only two men and one woman were identified as probable low-energy reporters, equal to 2.3% of the sample population. This is considerably lower than the prevalence of around 35%, seen in more recent studies. Assuming activity levels were the same in the 1930s as now, as used here, is an obvious limitation. However, reanalysing the data using contemporary estimates of daily energy requirement raised the sample's estimated activity level from 1.64*BMR to 1.90*BMR, and the prevalence of low-energy reporters to 18.3%. Potential reasons for an increase in low-energy reporting include a higher prevalence of obesity now. Low energy reporting is often associated with increasing BMI because of conscious dietary restriction, social-desirability, and over-estimation of BMR at higher body weights. Changing meal patterns may have made it easier to forget, or deliberately omit, some foods (e.g. snacks). Low-energy reporting appears to have been far less prevalent in these two early dietary studies than might be expected from more recent experience.


A stationary phase for thin-layer chromatography has been prepared by bonding purified diatomaceous earth (rich in silica) with γ-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane. The phase has been characterized by elemental analysis, measurement of the specific surface area, IR spectroscopy, thermal analysis, and chromatographic testing.


Sommerville and Davies classified the spherical triangles that can tile the sphere in an edge-to-edge fashion. Relaxing this condition yields other triangles, which tile the sphere but have some tiles intersecting in partial edges. This paper shows that no right triangles in a certain subfamily can tile the sphere, although multilayered tilings are possible.


Objective. Studies of human inflammatory arthritis would be significantly aided by the development of better animal models. Our hypothesis is that it is possible to develop humanized arthritis models through novel techniques of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) delivery. Methods. Bone marrow was obtained from patients with osteoarthritis who were undergoing total hip replacement. HSPC were enriched by negative selection and injected into the femur of irradiated anti-CD122 treated nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD/SCID) mice. Human cell engraftment was analyzed by flow cytometry. Arthritis was induced by an intraarticular injection of Chlamydia trachomatis and injected knee joints were examined 5 days later by histology and immunohistochemistry. Results. Human bone marrow HSPC successfully engrafted NOD/SCID mice, with some mice showing up to 90% engrafted human cells. Human B lymphoid and myeloid cells were detected in the bone marrow and spleen 6 weeks following transfer of HSPC, and engrafted recipient mice remained healthy up to 12 weeks postinjection. Chlamydia-injected mice that had been repopulated with HSPC had synovial inflammation, consisting of human neutrophils and macrophages. Conclusion. Bone marrow-derived human HSPC engraft NOD/SCID mice and traffic appropriately to an inflammatory stimulus in the joint, thus offering the potential for direct studies on the immunopathogenesis and treatment of human arthritis. (First Release Feb 1 2010; J Rheumatol 2010;37:496–502; doi:10.3899/jrheum.090317) Key Indexing Terms: HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL ARTHRITIS NOD/SCID MICE From the Arthritis Centre of Excellence and Toronto Western Hospital Research Institute, Division of Genetics and Development, Toronto Western Hospital; Departments of Medicine and Immunology, University of Toronto; and Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, University Health Network, Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Supported by grants from the Krembil Scientific Development Seed Fund and the Canadian Arthritis Network. Dr. J. Wither is the recipient of an Arthritis Society/Canadian Institutes of Health Research Investigator Award and support from the Arthritis Centre of Excellence. N-H. Chang, PhD, Arthritis Centre of Excellence and Toronto Western Hospital Research Institute, Division of Genetics and Development, Toronto Western Hospital; R.D. Inman, MD, FRCPC; J.E. Wither, MD, PhD, FRCPC, Arthritis Centre of Excellence and Toronto Western Hospital Research Institute, Division of Genetics and Development, Toronto Western Hospital, Departments of Medicine and Immunology, University of Toronto; J.E. Dick, PhD, Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, University Health Network, Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, University of Toronto. Address correspondence to Dr. J.E. Wither, 1E420, Toronto Western Hospital, 399 Bathurst Street, Toronto, Ontario M5T 2S8, Canada. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Accepted for publication October 7, 2009. A rigorous analysis of the immune basis of inflammatory joint diseases in patients has been limited by ethical and technical constraints. Yet animal models that faithfully recapitulate the cellular events of these diseases have also proved difficult to develop. Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) are pluripotent cells that are capable of repopulating the immune system and thereby reestablishing the immune repertoire of the donor. Nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD/SCID) mice have been shown to accept human HSPC and may allow the engraftment of the full spectrum of immunocompetent cells. Our hypothesis was that immune events leading to development of human arthritis can be recapitulated in NOD/SCID mice by transfer of HSPC. As proof of principle we used HSPC from patients with osteoarthritis (OA) to address the feasibility of using HSPC from adult patients to repopulate the immune system of NOD/SCID recipient mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patient samples and CD34+ cell enrichment. Bone marrow was obtained from patients with OA who were undergoing total hip replacement. Cells and bone fragments were diluted in phosphate buffered saline containing sodium citrate and 2% fetal calf serum, shaken for 30 min and filtered through a cell strainer. Red blood cells (RBC) were removed and CD34+ HSPC enriched by negative selection using the StemSep system (StemCell Technologies, Vancouver, BC, Canada). The study was approved by the Research Ethics Board of the University Health Network (UHN, Toronto, Ontario, Canada). Patients provided consent preoperatively for use of tissue obtained at surgery. Bone marrow reconstitution of NOD/SCID mice.Mice were bred in the aniRheumatology The Journal of on July 2, 2015 Published by www.jrheum.org Downloaded from 497 Chang, et al: Engrafted human cells traffic to mouse joints mal facility at the UHN from breeding pairs originally purchased from Taconic (Hudson, NY, USA). Mice were irradiated with 3.75 Gy and injected intraperitoneally with 200 μg anti-CD122 antibody 24 h before HSPC transplantation. NOD/SCID mice, aged 8 to 10 weeks, were injected in the right femoral cavity with 1–5 × 105 CD34-positive-enriched HSPC. The monoclonal anti-CD122 antibody was generated from the hybridoma cell line TM-ß1 (a gift from T. Tanaka, Osaka University Medical Center, Osaka, Japan) and purified over a HiTrap Protein G HP column (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech AB, Uppsala, Sweden). Flow cytometry. Bone marrow cells were isolated from mice by flushing the femoral, tibial, and pelvic bones, with the right and left sides being isolated independently. For mice that received an intraarticular injection, the knee joint was removed prior to flushing. Flow cytometry using a dual-laser FACSCalibur instrument (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, USA) was used to analyze 1–5 × 105 RBC-depleted cells from the bone marrow or spleen, stained with various combinations of directly conjugated monoclonal antibodies (mAb). Results were analyzed using CellQuest software. The following mAb were purchased from BD Biosciences PharMingen: fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugated anti-CD3, anti-CD4, and mouse IgG; phycoerythrin (PE) conjugated anti-CD8, anti-CD19, anti-CD38, and mouse IgG; and allophycocyanin conjugated anti-CD3, anti-CD4, anti-CD14, anti-CD16, anti-CD45, anti-CD56, and mouse IgG. PE anti-CD33 and PE-Cyanine 5 anti-CD34, anti-CD45, and mouse IgG were purchased from Coulter (Fullerton, CA, USA). Chlamydia-induced arthritis and immunohistochemistry of the joint. Ten microliters of Chlamydia trachomatis (4 × 106 IFU) was injected into both knee joints of mice, with or without prior engraftment with HSPC, 5–6 weeks postirradiation. Mice were sacrificed 5 days later and the knee joints dissected from the rest of the femur and tibia, fixed in formalin, and decalcified. The joints were then sectioned, stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and scored by an observer who was blinded to the experimental manipulations performed, using a histopathological scoring system1. Five criteria were used to grade the joints: synovitis, inflammatory cell infiltration, joint space exudation, pannus formation, and bone/cartilage damage. Each category was scored 0–4, where 0 = normal and 4 = extreme pathologic change (maximum total possible score = 20). To determine whether human cells had infiltrated the joint, sections were processed to remove paraffin and stained with biotinylated anti-human CD45 antibody, anti-human CD68 Figure 1. Phenotypic analysis of human Lin-CD34 enriched hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC). A. Flow cytometry of bone marrow cells isolated from a patient with OA and stained with anti-CD38 and -CD34 antibodies preand post-enrichment with the StemSep system. HSPC cells are CD34+, and CD38 is a marker of HSPC differentiation, with the CD38– population being more primitive. B. Characterization of post-enrichment of Lin-CD34 enriched HSPC. Cells were labeled with monoclonal antibodies against lineage-committed cell markers, such as isotype control, CD4, CD8, CD19, CD14, CD16, and CD56, to reveal the possible contamination cells. Personal non-commercial use only. The Journal of Rheumatology Copyright © 2010. All rights reserved. Rheumatology The Journal of on July 2, 2015 Published by www.jrheum.org Downloaded from 498 The Journal of Rheumatology 2010; 37:3; doi:10.3899/jrheum.090317 Personal non-commercial use only. The Journal of Rheumatology Copyright © 2010. All rights reserved. antibody (DakoCytomation, Glostrup, Denmark), anti-human CD20 antibody (Novocastra, Newcastle, UK), or antimouse Ly6G antibody as a control (BD Biosciences). Antibody staining was demonstrated with streptavidin-peroxidase. Statistical analysis. Data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation (SD). Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney nonparametric test for comparisons between joint scores. RESULTS Repopulation of NOD/SCID mice by OA HSPC. HSPC were isolated from 18 patients with OA (ages 26 to 76 yrs; mean 54.72 ± 13.76). On average, 272 × 106 bone marrow cells were obtained, which, following negative selection using the StemSep system, yielded roughly 4 × 106 cells, which were 27.8%–83.7% (mean 45.38 ± 15.50%) CD34-positive (Figure 1A). This system specifically depletes CD2, CD3, CD14, CD16, CD19, CD24, CD56, CD66b, and glycophorin A-expressing cells. As shown in Figure 1, residual contaminating cells were mostly CD38+CD34– and did not stain with cell-surface markers for B cells (CD19+), T cells (CD4+ or CD8+), natural killer cells (CD56+), or macrophages (CD14highCD16+). However, there was a small proportion of residual CD14+ monocytes, which represented ~0.01% of the purified population (resulting in 10–50 transferred cells per mouse). Studies have demonstrated that the CD38+CD34– population consists of primitive cells that are incapable of repopulating the myeloid and lymp


Cyberoptimists have heralded an age of citizen engagement enabled by electronic technologies that allow widespread citizen input in government decision making. In contrast, influential political scientists maintain that the preponderance of citizens quite reasonably wish to avoid political participation and that involving citizens could have very negative consequences for governance. In their widely-read book, Stealth Democracy, Hibbing and Theiss-Morse seek to show that much of the American public desires "stealth democracy"---a democracy run like a business by experts with little deliberation or public input. The authors maintain that stealth democracy beliefs are due to reasonable apathy rationales and that a more engaged democracy is simply of no interest to the public. This paper introduces an opposing "parochial citizens thesis" that suggests that stealth democracy beliefs may be driven by socially problematic beliefs and orientations, including reverence for authority and an incapacity to take other political perspectives. These views are rooted in simplistic conceptions of human agency and political leadership that might be ameliorated through deliberation. This paper examines survey and experimental data from the National Science Foundation / Information Technology Research funded Virtual Agora Project. The data comprise a representative sample of 568 Pittsburgh residents, who participated in face-to-face and online deliberations. Using OLS regression with cluster-robust standard errors, the paper finds that stealth democracy beliefs are explained by beliefs and orientations consistent with the parochial citizens thesis. It also finds that online democratic deliberation significantly ameliorates key stealth democracy beliefs and some of the factors that lead to these beliefs. Contrary to the stealth democracy thesis, e-government efforts to stimulate citizen deliberation may have positive consequences.


Image quality characteristics of spiral CT are similar to conventional CT except for image noise and slice sensitivity profile. While these factors have been studied for high contrast, low contrast detectability in spiral CT has not yet been fully explored. Low contrast simulations that have been performed demonstrate the behavior of contrast sensitivity as related to the parameters of pitch, collimation, size of the object, alignment between the object and reconstructed slice, and reconstruction algorithm. The effect of spiral CT parameters on contrast to noise ratio (CNR), one component of low contrast detectability, is the focus of this study. A 9.5 mm diameter object was scanned using different collimations and pitches and reconstructed with different intervals. Results showed that low contrast detectability is optimized with collimations 7 mm and 10 mm at a pitch of 1 and the lowest CNR values were at a 1 mm collimation. A pitch of 1 had the highest CNR values while a pitch of 3 had the lowest CNR values. For similar table speeds selection of a lower pitch will improve CNR. The effect of object-slice alignment on CNR indicates no significant difference at a pitch of 3, but it had the lowest CNR values. For a pitch of 1 or 2, a small reconstruction interval is preferred over a large reconstruction interval.


It is common clinical practice to interpret the patte rn or profile of sub lest scores that children ac hi eve on individual tests of intelligence. Although generally regarded as cl inically fruitful. profile analysi s has not been empi ri cally supported. A new sub lest profile has recently been proposed for the Wechsler Inl elli ge nce Sca le for Chi ldren-Third Ed ition (W ISC-1II1.labeled SCAD, that is thought to be useful in th e diagnos is of childhood disorders. Thi s study empiri call y exa mines the pre valence and diagnostic utility of the SCAD profile by compar ing 363 stud ents with lea rnin g and emotional disabilitie s to the WiSe -I II nonnati ve sample . Anal yses took into account both the sensitivity and specificity oflhe SCAD Ind ex across it s fu ll range of va lu es via a ROC ana lysi s. Resu lts indicated th at the SCAD profile is neither a valid diagnosti c indicator nor an important predictor of academi c ach ievement .


This study aimed to isolate and identify entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) from fungus‐infected Ostrinia furnacalis larvae, screen their bio‐efficacy against O. furnacalis, and select the most suitable virulent native EPF for biocontrol agent development.


Reporting congenital anomalies at the time of diagnosis and until corrected, and as personal history when a patient has undergone correction in continued monitoring is required


In article the problem of relationship of policy and religion is investigated. Their history began with the moment of origin of policy. Throughout centuries these relations underwent different transformations, including when each of spheres tried to subordinate another. According to authors, during the periods of association of policy and religion for cooperation, they achieved big successes with mutual advantage. Both spheres always actively manipulated the friend the friend, but with democracy development by the manipulation tool the religion that was connected with policy of office of religion pursued by the authorities from the state and as a consequence of this reduction of a role of religion in political space more often acted. In modern Russia the religion takes a significant place in society. It is vigorous and enterprising politicians use, manipulating religion in the interests. But abuse of this manipulation bears in itself negative consequences, both for politicians, and for religion.


A major effort to modernize the railway system in Greece is currently underway. The project will focus mainly on electrifying the nation's railway system. Hence, it would be advisable to study prior experiences of railway system electrification. To this end, this paper examines a special problem encountered in the national railway of France that concerned power supply.


XI Jinping's Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era is the heritance of other theoretical achievements of Marxism in adapting to Chinese conditions and is the theoretical foundation for the Party to lead the general public to achieve the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. The collation of books and reference materials related to the ideological and political theory course is an important part for propagating the Party's thoughts. The new era background requires us to make use of the advanced thoughts to guide the collation of books and reference materials related to the ideological and political theory course, so as to better guide the people to affirm their faith and beliefs, and carry out good ideological and political theory education for them. Keywords—XI Jinping; Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era; Ideological and political theory education; Books and reference materials


Chalk rainbows have appeared all over the streets, pavements, public and private spaces of Sydney and across the globe. This initially stemmed from a protest call on social media to replicate the rainbow pedestrian crossing which had been painted across Oxford St in Darlinghurst, Sydney as a temporary feature to mark the 35th anniversary of Mardi Gras. This movement quickly moved from a campaign about retaining a permanent marker of the importance of this space to the LGBQTI community to one about marriage equality. This article explores the background to the DIY rainbow crossing movement and discusses some of the possible legal implications of doing-your-own chalk rainbow crossing.


In this paper,the notion of T*-extension of a Lie color algebra is introduced.Many properties of a Lie color algebra can be lifted to its T*-extensions,such as nupotency,solvability and decomposition.It is proved that every finite-dimensional nilpotent quadratic Lie color algebra A over an algebraically closed field of characteristic different from 2 is isometric to a T*-extension of a nilpotent Lie color algebra B,and the nilpotent length of B is at most half of that of A.Moreover,the equivalence of T*-extensions is investigated from the cohomological point of view.


The importance of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) as a driver of economic development is no longer a secret. As a result, the competition to attract FDI is getting stiffer as any economy in the world is currently eyeing for FDI, including the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). With the emergence of China as a new attractive location for FDI, and as part of the alternatives to further enhance the attractiveness of ASEAN, this study analyses the role of institutional quality on FDI inflows into ASEAN.


Recently Popov and Neviere have reformulated harmonic Maxwell's equations in Fourier space for periodic structures as a first-order system of differential equations. To ensure fast convergence of the Fourier series of the electromagnetic field, the authors utilized Li's theorems of Fourier factorization in their derivation. In this paper, Popov's and Neviere's equations are slightly modified to facilitate the derivation of an equivalent system of Fredholm integral equations (IEs) of the second kind. This system of coupled IEs involves only transversal components of the electromagnetic field and corresponds to the volume-type electric field integral equation (EFIE) and magnetic field integral equation (MFIE) for the particular case of periodic structures. Therefore, the proposed, fast-converging IEs are herein after referred to as the TEFIE and TMFIE. The numerical solution of the TEFIE and TMFIE can be obtained with conventional direct or iterative solution methods.


The antineutrinos of the neutron rich 8Li isotope is characterized by hard and good defined spectrum - averaged energy is 6.5 MeV and maximal - up to 13 MeV. An intensive antineutrino source with such parameters can be unique instrument for neutrino investigations and especially for search of sterile neutrinos. The 8Li can be produced by (n,gamma)-activation of 7Li isotope. The proposed scheme of the antineutrino source is based on the lithium blanket around the accelerator neutron producting target. We propose to use heavy water solution of the lithium hydroxide instead of lithium in metallic state. Such solution for lithium blanket substance ensure the large perspectives in real steps for creation of this installation. An analyses of neutron fields in the blanket and distribution of 8Li creation allows to propose the next principal steps in the construction of the lithium blanket. We propose to enclose the blanket volume isolating it's central part with more high 8Li production. This solution allows to decrease the necessary mass of very pure 7Li isotope (with admixture of 6Li - 0.0001) up to 120-130 kg (i.e., to decrease in ~ 150 times compare to variant of lithium blanket in metallic state). The source become more compact - the linear dimension is decreased in 2.5 times (up to 1.3 m) and this is very essential for sterile neutrino search taking in mind the indication on difference ~1 eV2 between squared mass of sterile and active neutrinos.


IT IS easy to fall into the habit of classifying one's fellow citizens as either interventionists or isolationists. For some purposes these convenient tags serve well enough, but, like all broad classifications, they fail to do justice to the infinite shades of opinion of the millions of our countrymen who are thus lumped together. But a more serious objection to this separation into sheep and goats is that a considerable proportion of Americans do not fit neatly into either category; they may be for intervention one day and for isolation the next, according to what part of the world is under discussion. Their attitudes seem more strongly influenced by their likes or dislikes for particular foreign countries, or particular kinds of foreigners, than by general views regarding the responsibility of the United States in world affairs. Thus, some have very strong ties with England; they are for all-out aid to Britain, and so they seem to deserve to be called interventionists. But, when queried on Far Eastern policy, these same persons may turn out to hold isolationist views. They show little or no interest in defending democracy in China, or in preventing the Philippines from falling to Japan. (They are apt to observe that we never should have taken them in the first place.) Conversely, a large body of opinion, strongest on the Pacific Coast, but well represented also in other parts of the country, looks upon the problem of checking Japanese aggression in Asia as of pre-eminent importance. These people are only mildly interested in aiding Britain to "Stop Hitler." When facing west they are interventionist; when facing east they are, at least mildly, isolationist.


oilseed decortication Installation, characterized in that a set of sieves in two stages (2a) and an electric double separator (2b) and a single electric separator (3) are associated with each of the machines decortication (1) a primary decortication device and a secondary device decortication and that plansifters (4) are associated with two stages of decortication and that all separation units are connected to a central vacuum system (5). The operating method is characterized by the fractional extraction fractions nuclei envelopes fractions and mixed fractions in the various separation stages.


'I'M A MRP' is the grammatically incorrect response I offer anyone who asks the ever popular 'What do you do?' question. The error in the statement may be understood when you realise that the acronym stands for an inanimate entity: Management Residency Program. Despite the struggle I have with the inherent clumsiness of the phrase, I am actually quite happy to use the term. I feel comforted by the idea of having an identity. I think this comes from my former life as a Prosthetist/Orthotist (P&O). As a P&O, you have an identity. Regardless of where you are working, you are a P&O and this is interesting in itself. It's a great conversation piece. Now that I attempt to make the move into management, I find myself placing greater importance on where I am rather than what I am. It now matters more to me which organisation I belong to. I?d like to attribute this to an academic theory such as Henry Mintzberg's, which would suggest that my focus is changing from a professional orientation to an organisational one.1 However, I realise there is a slight possibility that the title 'health manager' is actually just boring. I know lawyers who find themselves in the same predicament. As soon as they say, 'I'm a lawyer', conversation comes to a screeching halt.


In this paper, based on the transfer matrix method, we theoretically study the transmission properties in the ultraviolet (UV) region for a one-dimensional ternary metal-dielectric photonic crystal (MDPC). With the calculated transmission characteristics in the wavelength domain, it can be found that the photonic band gap (PBG) can be significantly enlarged compared to the usual binary dielectric-dielectric photonic crystal (DDPC). The roles played by the related parameters, such as the metal thickness, the angle and the polarization of the incident wave, will be discussed and illustrated. Additionally, different metals or dielectrics in the constituents are taken to examine their possible effects on the PBG.


The location for the Science Building is beautiful and more than suitable: opposite the Heart Institute of the University of Pecs, on the southern slope of the Makar Hill that is still an unbuilt site with grass. Hence the Architects got the playful idea: 'Rolling Stones', the vision of stones rolling down from the hills. The three roughly uniform 'stones' of the Science Building uses three different type of energy source. The heat of the soil, solar energy and normal central heating is also used. The building is already equipped with modern building service systems. The various methods can be tested in a way that the results can be recorded and the performances can be compared.


On small angular scales, i.e. at high angular frequencies, beyond the damping tail of the primary power spectrum, the dominant contribution to the power spectrum of cosmic microwave background temperature fluctuations is the thermal Sunyaev–Zel'dovich (tSZ) effect. We investigate various important statistical properties of the Sunyaev–Zel'dovich maps, using well-motivated models for dark matter clustering to construct statistical descriptions of the tSZ effect to all orders enabling us to determine the entire probability distribution function (PDF). Any generic deterministic biasing scheme can be incorporated in our analysis and the effects of projection, biasing and the underlying density distribution can be analysed separately and transparently in this approach. We introduce the cumulant correlators as tools to analyse tSZ catalogues and relate them to corresponding statistical descriptors of the underlying density distribution. The statistics of hot spots in frequency-cleaned tSZ maps are also developed in a self-consistent way to an arbitrary order, to obtain results complementary to those found using the halo model. We also consider different beam sizes to check the extent to which the PDF can be extracted from various observational configurations. The formalism is presented with two specific models for underlying matter clustering, the hierarchical ansatz and the lognormal distribution. We find both models to be in very good agreement with the simulation results, though the extension of the hierarchical model has an edge over the lognormal model. In addition to testing against simulations made using semi-analytical techniques, we have also used the maps made using Millennium Gas Simulations to prove that the PDF and bias can indeed be predicted with very high accuracy using these models. The presence of significant non-gravitational effects such as preheating, however, cannot be modelled using an analytical approach which is based on the modelling of gravitational clustering alone. Our results indicate that the PDFs we construct are insensitive to the underlying cosmology and can thus provide a useful probe of non-gravitational processes, e.g. preheating or feedback.


Social work is emotionally demanding work. This paper explores some aspects of this, namely anxiety and fear, and argues that these feelings need more open discussion, acknowledgement and support. The nature of partnership working between social workers and other professionals is looked at in this context.


Besides CSR initiatives solely undertaken by private firms, forms of collaboration in the area of CSR are taking place with public sector organizations within public-private partnerships and policy networks. Focusing on the Italian state of the art of CSR public – private partnerships, five representative cases are analyzed. While public sector primary task concerns mapping societal and environmental needs, private sector firms engage primarily in financing and executing CSR interventions.


Preface Introduction PART I: THOUGHT EXPERIMENTS, INTUITIONS AND PHILOSOPHICAL METHODOLOGY Thought Experiments in Science 1. Galileo and the Indispensability of Scientific Thought Experiment 2. Thought Experiments Rethought - and Reperceived Thought Experiments and Personal Identity 3. Exceptional Persons: On the Limits of Imaginary Cases 4. Personal Identity and Thought-Experiments Intuitions and Philosophical Methodology 5. The Real Guide to Fake Barns: A Catalogue of Gifts for Your Epistemic Enemies 6. Philosophical Thought Experiments, Intuitions and Cognitive Equilibrium PART II: PRETENSE, IMAGINATION AND BELIEF Imaginative Resistance 7. The Puzzle of Imaginative Resistance 8. Imaginative Resistance Revisited Pretense and Belief 9. On the Relation between Pretense and Belief 10. Self-Deception as Pretense Imagination and Emotion 11. Genuine Rational Fictional Emotions 12. Imaginary Contagion Belief and Alief 13. Alief and Belief 14. Alief in Action (and Reaction)


Collapsing glomerulopathy (CG) has become an important cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). First delineated from other proteinuric glomerular lesions in the 1980s, CG is now recognized as a common, distinct pattern of proliferative parenchymal injury that portends a rapid loss of renal function and poor responses to empirical therapy. The first cases in the literature trace back to human-immunodeficiency-virus (HIV)-negative patients who underwent biopsy in 1979. A 45-year-old male patient complained of hematuria and proteinuria eight years ago. He showed an abrupt serum creatinine increase from 1.75 to 2.65 mg/dL in the last preceding months. Afterwards, his serum creatinine progressively increased up to 6.82 mg/dL. Moreover, his 24 h urine protein level was determined to have reached 6,171 mg/day, as opposed to 670 mg/day a year earlier. Consequently, renal biopsy was performed, and its result showed collapsing glomerulopathy, compatible with the diagnosis. He has undergone continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis as renal replacement therapy. Thus, it is reported herein that a patient clinically diagnosed with chronic kidney disease eight years ago showed a sudden renal-function decrease and was clinicopathologically diagnosed with collapsing glomerulopathy based on the results of his renal biopsy.


The current research carefully reviews article systems in existing natural and artificial languages. It also shows various denotations of article systems in a series of languages, arguing that irregularities of article use across the languages pose ongoing difficulties to language learners. The current study suggests that the Unish language is advantageous to learn in terms of the article system because it only marks specificity, which can be argued to be minimally represented Sunyoung Park (First Author) Visiting Professor, Department of English Language and Literature, Sejong University, Korea Email: email@example.com Silo Chin (Corresponding Author) Visiting Professor, Department of English Language and Literature, Sejong University, Korea Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Received 28 February, 2020; Revised 11 March, 2020; Accepted 16 March, 2020 Copyright © 2020 Language Research Institute, Sejong University Journal of Universal Language is an Open Access Journal. All articles are distributed online under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 70 Examining the Irregularities of Articles and Introducing Minimized NP ~ by not incorporating external interfaces. The current study claims that in order for the learners to be able to acquire a language easily, representations of grammatical features should be regular and the configuration process should be minimized.


IRLE WORKING PAPERS WP 2010 - 03 Change and Continuity in Labor Relations in Mexico at the Beginning of the 21st Century by Enrique de la Garza Toledo Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana, Itzapalapa 10945 Le Conte Ave. Ste 2107, Los Angeles CA 90095,Tel. 310-794-5957 Fax 310-794-6403 www.irle.ucla.edu


Establishing valid and reliable methods for assessing social cognitive measures of dietary behaviors support the design and delivery of more effective interventions. The aims of this study were to culturally adapt social cognitive measures related to adolescent dietary behaviors and evaluate the reliability and factorial validity of these measures in Brazilian adolescents. The instrument was culturally adapted from an Australian questionnaire based on the Banduras' Social Cognitive Theory, and it included the following constructs: self-efficacy, intentions, situation, social support, behavioral strategies, and outcome expectations and expectancies. The questionnaire was administered in a two-week test-retest with 173 adolescents (M=15.3±1.53 years old). A confirmatory factor analysis was employed to examine model-fit for each scale using multiple indices including: chi-square, comparative-fit, goodness-of-fit, and root mean square error of approximation. Reliability properties were also examined. The reliability and factorial validity are appropriate, suggesting for each scale values between adequate to exact; internal consistency from acceptable to excellent (α=0.66 to 0.94); and rank order repeatability from adequate to strong (ICC=0.65–0.93). The Brazilian version showed appropriate internal consistency, factorial validity and test-retest reliability, and will be useful to assess social cognitive dietary behaviors among Brazilian adolescents.


This contribution is aimed at suggesting and analyzing a thin sheet model of the electrical conductivity structure beneath Central Europe that would fit the induction response data, specifically the in-phase induction vector distribution. In particular, attention is paid to fitting the reversals of the induction vectors that suggest the existence of elongated zones of high electrical conductivity distinguishing main structural units.


A system is developed for small target detection, tracking and classification. The specific application of interest is an automatic headlight dimming system (AutoDim) for automotive night-time driving use. The burden of controlling the state of the vehicle's headlights (high or low beam) is taken away from the driver and shifted on to the AutoDim system. AutoDim's decision as to whether or not to change the state of the headlights is made from visual information obtained from a low-cost, low-resolution CMOS video camera. The targets of potential interest (i.e. light sources) are detected based on their brightness, geometric and spatial attributes. However, this also detects segments that do not correspond to the vehicular tail/headlights. Typical sources of error include street lights, reflected light, sky light, etc. To eliminate such errors, and to discriminate vehicular tail/headlight sources from other light sources, a non-parametric classifier is employed using a feature set that includes the light source's spectral distribution and temporal track record, in addition to the attributes used for detection.


In vitro antiviral activities of three flavonoids; fisetin, naringenin and rutin against DENV-2 (NGC strain) were evaluated. Inhibitory effects of each compound at the different stages of DENV-2 infection were examined using foci forming unit reduction assay (FFURA) and quantitative real-time polymerase chain amplification (qRT-PCR). Fisetin, rutin and naringenin showed cytotoxic effects against Vero cells with 50% cytotoxicity (CC50 ) values of 247, >1000, and 87 µg/mL, respectively. Fisetin when added to Vero cells after virus adsorption inhibited DENV replication with a half maximal inhibition concentration (IC50 ) value of 55 µg/mL and selectivity index (SI) of 4.49. The IC50 value of fisetin was 43.12 µg/mL with SI=5.72 when Vero cells were treated for 5 h before virus infection and continuously up to 4 days postinfection. There was no direct virucidal activity or prophylactic activity of fisetin against DENV-2. Rutin and naringenin did not inhibit DENV-2 replication in Vero cells. Naringenin however, exhibited direct virucidal activity against DENV-2 with IC50 = 52.64 µg/mL but the SI was <1. The present study suggests that among the flavonoids examined, only fisetin showed significant in vitro anti dengue virus replication activity.


Environmental Management and Sustainable Development (EMSD) would like to thank the following reviewers for reviewing manuscripts from November 1, 2022, to May 1, 2023. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Many authors, regardless of whether EMSD publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Macrothink Institute appreciates the following reviewers' rigorous and conscientious efforts for this journal. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review during this period. Christiane do Nascimento Monte, Universidade Federal Fluminense, BrazilChuck Chuan Ng, Xiamen University Malaysia, MalaysiaDilek Kaya-Akyüzlü, Ankara University, TurkeyElham Mohamed, National Research Centre, EgyptFarahdilah Ghazali, University of Malaysia Terengganu, MalaysiaFarhaoui Mohamed, National Office of Electricity and Drinking Water, MoroccoGandhi Escajadillo Toledo, Peruvian University of Applied Sciences, PeruHayssam Mohamed Ali, King Saud University, EgyptJoão Fernando Pereira Gomes, Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, PortugueseManuel Mendoza-Carranza, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), MexicoMohammad Aghababaei, Washington State University, USAMona M. Amin Abdel-Fatah, National Research Center in Egypt, EgyptOylum Gokkurt Baki, Sinop University, TurkeySyakir Amir Ab. Rahman, International Islamic University Malaysia, MalaysiaTaina da Silva Rocha Paz, Federal Fluminense University, Brazil


This research has been conducted to analyse the green warehouse practices in both public and private sectors in Sri Lanka. The study has been carried out based..on research questions, where the main question could be presented as "What are the existing green warehouse practices in modern day warehouses in Sri Lanka", followed by a subsidiary question including, "The importance of those green applications to match with the international standards". Main objective of this research was, "to identify the prevailing green applications in Sri Lankan stores and thus to achieve other objectives which were identified as "to find the extent that each green practices are used in the both public and private logistics sectors" and "to categorize green warehouse practices according to the way of their practices" and yet "to make suggestions to each warehouses to improve their applications of green strategies to achieve the international standards or practices". Primary data was collected through a questionnaire survey targeting thousand two hundred responses from executive level members in selected companies fettered on stratified random sampling method and 83.3 percent of valid responces received including both thirty eight private organizations and two governmental organizations. The factor analysis of the research consists of frequency analysis, reliability test and KMO and Bartlett's test. Eleven factors have been identified as significant factors in analyses chapter and those were used to develop the factor model and hence to measure the validity. Conclusively it could be identified that, most of the private organizations are using both green energy systems and green waste water systems in their operations. Further they are practicing the green HR methods with green equipment practices. Also the green practices related to the areas of distribution, reverse logistics, purchasing, packing and wastage are highly practiced by the private sectors than the government sectors. The industry of Home appliance, Home care and Apparel in Sri Lanka are mostly practicing the green warehouse applications. Also when comparing them with the government sector, they do practice their warehouses' activities traditionally. Thus thegovernment should motivate to accept the green practices to their warehouses. Keywords— Green warehouse, Green applications, Warehouse


Proteinuria is a sign of kidney illness. Hence, estimation of pee protein content assumes a focal part in any indicative work-up for kidney infection. By and large, proteinuria investigation is confined to the estimation of absolute protein content realizing that undeniable degrees of proteinuria (nephrotic proteinuria) are normal for glomerular illness. In any case, proteinuria can likewise be an appearance of impeded cylindrical protein reabsorption or even be physiological.


Executive Summary This research was aimed at determining if intrinsic and extrinsic satisfaction was related to leaving behavior. It was determined that intrinsic and extrinsic satisfaction are both related to the leaving behavior of Correctional Officers. Intrinsic satisfaction, as supported by previous research and the current article, appears to be the reason for the voluntary leaving behavior for Correctional Officers, when they were perceived as a homogenous group (male and female officers). Nonetheless, as a heterogeneous group (either male or female officers), extrinsic satisfaction became dominant. This suggests that intrinsic and extrinsic satisfaction are important with both acting in different ways to influence the leaving behavior of employees. Lambert (2001) noted that, "personal characteristics influence how a person sees and reacts to his or her environment" (p.69). Introduction There is little doubt, evidenced by numerous research articles presented over the years, that job satisfaction, arguably the most popular work-related research variable, has long been associated with employees voluntarily leaving an organization (Mobley, 1977; Price et al., 1977; Steers & Koch, 1978; Peters et al., 1981; Michael & Specter, 1982; Arnold & Feldman, 1982; Bhuian et al., 1996; Price, 2001 ; Lambert et al., 2002). In addition to other variables such as organizational commitment, which have also been shown to be associated with voluntary turnover, the correctional literature also indicates that job satisfaction of Correctional Officers is linked to their voluntary leaving behavior (Lambert, 2001; Mitchell, et al., 2000; Farkas, 2001; Lambert et al., 2002; Udechukwu, Harrington, Manyak, Segal, & Graham, in press). While Udechukwu et al. (in press) noted in their research that different aspects of satisfaction, intrinsic or extrinsic satisfaction, may be contributors to the leaving behavior of Correctional Officers, they urged further research into this area for Correctional Officers. Tang et al. (2000) provide additional support needed in this area of research, by noting, "We assert that the distinction between intrinsic job satisfaction and extrinsic job satisfaction is a very important one, because two individuals may express the same amount of overall job satisfaction but for entirely different reasons" (p. 215). In response to these thoughts, the logical questions would be 1) Does intrinsic and/or extrinsic satisfaction influence the leaving behavior of employees? 2) Are these satisfiers influenced by personal characteristics such as either age or gender? The voluntary leaving behavior of Correctional Officers appears to be a problem for management of correctional agencies because of the costs (direct and indirect costs) associated with Correctional Officers leaving the organization at high rates. In 2004, the annual voluntary turnover rate for Correctional Officers in the government agency used for this study was about 20.45 percent which was higher than the annual turnover rate for the entire staff of that agency-17.25 percent (Udechukwu et al., in press). McShane, et al. (1991) notes that "turnover rates vary in prisons across the country, from less than 1 percent annually in one state to 45 percent in another. The average of all states' rates is 17 percent" (p. 220). Ramlall (2004) adds that for an exempt employee it costs "a minimum of one years' pay and benefits and a maximum of two years' pay and benefits" (p. 52). However, there are almost no studies detailing whether intrinsic and/or extrinsic satisfaction is related to Correctional Officer's voluntary leaving the organization. Similarly, no such research appears to be available on the basis of the officer's personal characteristics (age and gender), given that Tang et al. (2000) had previously noted that two individuals may express the same level of overall job satisfaction but for entirely different reasons. …


Quantum communication is a primitive necessary for any quantum internet, which at it's core generally requires the formation of entangled links between remote locations. The performance of such links is limited by the classical signaling time between such locations, necessitating the need for long-lived quantum memories. Here, we present a network design that neither requires the establishment of entanglement between remote locations nor the use of long-lived quantum memories. The communication rate is only limited by the time required to perform local gates.


Some forty years ago, when geotechnical centrifuge modelling had been rediscovered and was being developed once more after the early work of Phillips (1869), only a few studies were devoted to the questions and concerns about scaling laws and similitude conditions. During the first decades, it was relatively easy for researchers to keep themselves informed about the main outcomes of these studies and to take them into account when designing new centrifuge model tests. This is obviously not true today following the welcome growth in terms of the large number of centrifuge facilities now in operation around the world. It is increasingly difficult, but yet absolutely essential, to know about the relevant developments concerning studies into the scaling laws and, furthermore, into the limits of the domains of the use of centrifuge modelling. On the other hand, new media offers a significant opportunity to provide this resource to the physical modelling community. New topics are investigated by many researcher...


The title compound, C21H23N3O, has a supramolecular structure which is determined by a very weak C—H⋯O(methoxy) hydrogen bond and a similarly weak C—H⋯π interaction.


In order to meet the requirement of design for dimension and position precision,and to draw parts with small drawing coefficient on general stamping machine,a die with floating drawing punch and floating piercing matrix,and with easy-adjustable blank-holding force was introduced.This offered an effective forming way for similar parts.


We would like to investigate the recurrence of a thematic complex in a set of horror movies in which the supernatural and terrifying event appears closely related to the resurgence of an ancient trauma, removed and long-buried in the past, who's trying to come into the light.  The trauma is always related to a violence committed against women and children, and are precisely those characters that the supernatural try to get in touch with, looking for contact or out for revenge. The uncanny agent and who's trying to investigate on him seems to be connected by some kind of affinity of history and life which strongly implicates familiar dynamics.


The presentation explains the anthropological contribution to tourism management and practice from three layers. Layer 1: contribution to the community's tourism development/management during fieldwork Layer 2: practical implications of research to tourism industry Layer 3: working with/in tourism industry


Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune systemic inflammatory disease, which mostly occurs in genetically susceptible individuals. Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), as the major type of genetic variations, is one of the controversial issues discussed in a large portion of autoimmune disorders. BTB domain and CNC homolog 2 (BACH2), encoded by BACH2 gene, is a regulator of the immune system which reduces activation of T cells and suppresses the inflammation. In this study, we surveyed association of rs72928038 Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) located in an intron region of BACH2 gene in Iranian RA population. Methods: Blood samples were collected from 623 RA patients and 412 age-, sex-, and ethnicity-matched healthy controls. In order to genotyping the rs72928038 SNP, amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction was employed. Results: None of the alleles and genotypes of rs72928038 SNP had significantly different distributions between RA patients and healthy controls. The GA, GG, and AA genotypes were slightly frequent in patients compared with healthy controls but with no significant differences. Conclusions: This study did not show rs72928038 as a risk factor for RA in the Iranian population, which was strongly associated with other populations. This underscores genetic diversity in RA susceptibility in different populations.


Stefano Bianchini and Alexander Dabrowski, "Existence and uniqueness of the gradient
flow of the Entropy in the space of probability measures", in: Rendiconti dell'Istituto di Matematica dell'Universita di Trieste. An International Journal of Mathematics, 46 (2014), pp.43-70


Toobtain the low power, delay reduction and high performance. In this paper, an analysis on the delay of both conventional dynamic comparator and conventional double tail dynamic comparator which are called clocked regenerative comparator will be presented. Designers can obtain an intuition about the main contributors to the comparator delay and fully explore the trade off in dynamic comparator design. Based on, a new dynamic comparator is proposed, where the circuit of a conventional double tail comparator is modified for low power and fast operation even in small supply voltages. Pre –layout simulation results in a 0.18-μm CMOS technology confirm the analysis results. It is shown that in the proposed dynamic comparator both the power consumption and delay time are significantly reduced. Both delay and power consumption can be reduced by adding few transistors to the proposed comparator. The supply voltage of 0.8 V, while consuming 9μW in modified comparator and 12μW in proposed comparator respectively. Hardware was implemented in FPGA Kit using VHDL coding. Keywords—Double tail comparator, low power, fast operation, Pre-layout simulation, and FPGA.


Objective To evaluate the clinical curative effect of rehabilitation treatment of pelvic floor on female stress urinary incontinence.Methods The clinical data of 92 female patients with stress urinary incontinence treated with rehabilitation of pelvic floor in our hospital from August 2009 to August 2012 were retrospectively analyzed.Results 57 cases were cured,28 cases were improved and 7 cases were not cured.The total effective rate was 92.4%.Conclusion The curative effect of rehabilitation treatment of pelvic floor on stress urinary incontinence is distinct,safe,convenient and non-invasive,which is the preferred non-operative method for treatment of stress urinary incontinence.


Abstract— In a previous paper we presented experimental data which showed that partial pre‐irradiation of a mouse enhanced subsequent UV‐tumorigenesis in formerly unexposed skin areas: a systemic effect. In those experiments pre‐irradiation was carried out up to the point where tumors started to appear in the pre‐irradiated skin areas. Here we present the results of an experiment in which pre‐irradiation was discontinued long before the appearance of tumors. The systemic effect induced by the pre‐irradiation remained detectable, though‐it was weaker than in the previous experiment. It is suspected that the observed systemic effect affects the initiation of tumors rather than the growth. A discussion is presented on how changes in initiation may best be detected, which may also prove to be useful for the design of other comparative studies on UV‐tumorigenesis.


Visual search interfaces have been shown by researchers to assist users with information search and retrieval. Recently, several major library vendors have added visual search interfaces or functions to their products. For public service librarians, perhaps the most critical area of interest is the extent to which visual search interfaces and text-based search interfaces support research. This study presents the results of eight full-scale usability tests of both the EBSCOhost Basic Search and Visual Search in the context of a large liberal arts university.


Ship-based rotorcraft are often required to operate in turbulent, unsteady flow fields. The interaction of the rotor and rotor wake with the turbulent airwake can cause uncommanded aircraft motion and high pilot workload. This paper presents a simulation-based handling qualities assessment of a robust adaptive gust compensating control law for rotorcraft. The control law is designed to improve command tracking and disturbance rejection when operating in an airwake. Details of the simulation implementation and experimental setup are presented. Piloted simulation-based evaluations are performed by three active duty pilots. Handling quality ratings and pilot activity were analyzed. Results indicate the controller's ability to significantly reduce pilot input activity and improve handling qualities ratings by two points on average. BACKGROUND AND MOTIVATION The U.S. Navy has strong interest to enhance the capabilities and operational envelopes of aviation capable ships. This requires the aircraft to safely operate within the proximity of the ship under adverse environmental conditions. Pilot workload issues can often be the limiting factor when defining allowable sea states and wind-overdeck (WOD) conditions for a particular rotorcraft and ship combination. Dynamic Interface (DI) testing is currently used to establish a flight envelope, or Ship-Helicopter Operational Limits (SHOLs). The SHOLs identify safe to fly wind conditions based on ship relative wind magnitude and heading. The need to compensate for gust disturbances due to both atmospheric turbulence and the turbulent air flow over the ship superstructure is often a major contributor to pilot workload in this flight regime resulting in more restrictive SHOLs. For these reasons, there is a need to develop new rotorcraft control strategies that can take into account ship airwake effects and ship motions to maintain proper and safe control of the vehicle during shipboard operations. A variety of control approaches have been proposed to improve rotorcraft performance and handling qualities during shipboard operations. This includes stability augmentation systems that enhance gust rejection properties of the aircraft in the shipboard environment [1-3]; pilot assisted landing systems [4], and fully autonomous ship landing systems [5, 6]. In reference 5, it was noted that autonomous landing control laws needed to be tuned to account for airwake effects using both feedback gain adjustment and feedforward control laws. Unmanned rotorcraft, currently under development by the U.S. Navy, have performed Presented at the American Helicopter Society 67th Annual Forum, Virginia Beach, VA, May 3-5, 2011. Copyright © 2011 by the American Helicopter Society International, Inc. All rights reserved. autonomous shipboard operations [7]. Although several autonomous systems have been tested in flight for relatively benign WOD conditions, such systems might not be as effective in certain severe WOD conditions. Thus, designing an autonomous flight controller in itself is not sufficient. Control designers should also account for the disturbances specific to the dynamic interface.


We consider production systems that can be modeled as Markov chains. A methodology to determine the exact distribution of the number of parts produced by a production system during a fixed time interval and also the exact distribution of the time to produce a given number of parts is presented. These distributions can beused to set due-dates according to the desired service level, to evaluate the due-time performance of production systems, and to derive other performance measures related to the variability of the output.


Archaeobotanical research on prehistoric crops in Britain has primarily focussed on cereals and the potential importance of alternative crops, such as pulses, has often been overlooked. This paper reviews evidence for Celtic bean (Vicia faba L.) in British prehistory, using a database of archaeobotanical assemblages from 75 sites. Celtic bean is rare in the Neolithic – Early Bronze Age and it only becomes frequent from the Middle Bronze Age (ca. 1500 cal BC) onwards, particularly in southern England. Though there is a paucity of evidence at many sites, it is suggested that this reflects a preservation bias and in some areas at least, Celtic bean formed an important element of past agricultural systems.


Cereal grains store energy in the form of starch. The proportion of starch in the grain is generally between 60 and 75% by weight (Hoseney 1986). It makes up about 90% of milled-rice dry weight (Juliano 1985) and 72% of the maize kernel dry weight (Boyer and Shannon 1987) and is the primary product obtained from wet milling of maize. In maize, most starch occurs in the endosperm, but significant amounts are also found in the embryo, bran, and tip cap (Watson 1984; Boyer and Shannon 1987). Flour or meal functionality in foods thus depends significantly on this major component. Aside from its nutritive value, the significance of starch is appreciated more for the physical properties it imparts to our foods. Mutations that alter the levels of starch, the amylose and amylopectin ratio, and starch structure in the maize endosperm have been identified (Shannon and Garwood 1984;Wasserman et al. 1995). The availability of these mutants has also enabled study of the correlation between the molecular structure and functional properties of starches. These mutations lead to starches with new properties and functionalities and greatly expand the range of possible food and industrial applications. With the increasing power of genetic engineering techniques and a closer integration with physical property testing, there is now considerable global interest in developing highly targeted starch structure variants with specific functional-


This note presents two methods of forming partially cracked elements together with the results of an example analyzed using them.


Mixing of horsehair and straw with the clay to form floor and bricks was one of the earliest example in which fiber was utilized to strengthen a brittle matrix. Romualdi was first to propose the use of steel fibers as a reinforcement material in his 1963 and 1964 papers. Since then, a plethora of books and papers have been published on the use of various fibers in cement-based material. Published literature shows huge potential of fibers as a reinforcement material. A comprehensive overview of the published literature on the use of fibers in cement-based material is being presented. Effect of fibers on properties of cement-based material such as workability, compressive strength, flexural strength, split tensile strength, shrinkage, impact resistance, fatigue behavior and durability has been presented.


The invention belongs to the technical field of veterinary anti-parasitic medicaments, particularly relates to a compound ivermectin injection and a preparation method thereof, and aims to provide an injection for treating parasitic infection of livestock, expanding an anti-parasitic spectrum and enhancing a therapeutic effect and a preparation method thereof. Every 100ml of compound ivermectin injection comprises 0.5-2g of ivermectin, 2.5-10g of albendazole sulfoxide, 5-15ml of polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG400), 1-10ml of acetic ether, 0.5-2ml of benzyl alcohol, 0.05-0.2ml of alpha-thioglycerol, 10-30ml of dimethyl sulfoxide and the balance of propylene glycol. In the injection, the ivermectin and the albendazole sulfoxide are used as anti-parasitic main components; the injection has double complementary advantages; the anti-parasitic spectrum is expanded; the drug resistance probability of parasites can be effectively reduced; and the sensitivity of the parasites is improved. The invention brings a completely new situation for safely, effectively and conveniently preventing and treating parasitic diseases in animal husbandry and aquaculture of China.


Chromium is determined in chromium(III) oxide-labelled faeces using an inductively coupled plasma source and emission spectrometry. A nitric acid-perchloric acid mixture is used to destroy organic matter in the faecal material and to dissolve the chromium(III) oxide. The concentration of chromium in the diluted digest is determined using the 358-nm line. The procedure is manipulatively simple, requires minimum supervision and is suitable for high-throughput applications. The precision for a single determination is ±5.4%.


Hardware accelerators, or special-purpose engines, have been used in computer-aided design applications for nearly 20 years. In this time, roughly 20 machines have been built and tested specifically for such purposes as simulation, design rule checking, placement, and routing. Their uses are increasing, and the machines are becoming commercially available. This survey describes not only the machines but also their problems and limitations. It also gives comparative data on speed-up techniques and performance. Examples include a simulation machine that achieves roughly a million-times speed-up over a conventional 1-MIP mainframe and a very low cost machine for design rule checking that provides a 100-times improvement. These and other examples clearly demonstrate the viability of special-purpose engines.


THOMAS BANKS, MUCAP COLLABORATION — The MuCap experiment seeks to measure the rate of ordinary muon capture by the proton to 1% precision, thereby determining the nucleon's weak induced pseudoscalar form factor, g P , to 7%. To achieve this goal, we must confront a multitude of systematic effects. We recently completed analysis of our 2004 data set and obtained a capture rate measurement precise to 2.5%; analysis of data recorded in 2005–2006 is currently under way and should ultimately yield results within the design goal. In this talk I will discuss the methods used to study, quantify, and reduce the systematic errors in the analysis of the 2004 data, and I will examine anticipated improvements for future analysis.


Locomotion control of legged robots has been a key topic in the field of robotic research. Due to the highly nonlinear dynamic characteristics and interaction with the environment at high frequencies, conventional controllers are too complicated to design for the sake of obtain robustness and adaptability. We avoid these problems by reinforcement learning (RL). Without consider the dynamics and contact problems, ours RL-based approach makes the robot understand itself and really learned how to locomotion, just like newborn quadrupedal do. Through the guidance of reward and Life-Long learning, the trained policy has extraordinary performance in agile and robust locomotion. As a result, our robot has strong robustness to the instantaneous impact or continuous drag during running, and adaptive the slippery ground which not encountered in training. The robot capable of reaching speed of 4m/s, and naturally, the gait of robot automatic transitions from walking-trot to flying-trot as the speed increases.


INTRODUCTION
Currently, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is a minimally invasive treatment for patients with urolithiasis. With advancing medical technology, elastography has evolved as a method for measuring the elasticity of tissues.

AIM
To investigate the elasticity of urinary stones for assessing their physical and chemical composition.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
The elasticity of urinary stones was determined before ESWL in 30 urolithiasis patients (18 men and 12 women, aged 25-65 years) using shear wave ultrasound elastography (SWUE). In 40%, 23.3% and 20% of patients, urinary stones were located in the renal pelvis, the middle calyceal group and the lower calyceal group, respectively.

RESULTS
Elastography is a method of determining the elasticity of urinary stones, measured in kPa. Mean elasticity (Emean) of calcium oxalate monohydrate stones, uric acid stones and mixed urinary stones was 39.8, 14.6 and 26.3-29.8 kPa, respectively. Urinary stones smaller than 5 mm did not differ in the color spectrum. Excess body mass index (BMI) also reduced the informative value of the method.

CONCLUSIONS
The findings of SWUE are comparable with the results of computer densitometry and physical and chemical composition of the investigated urinary stones.