Current distributions of native brook trout (Salvelinus fonfinalis) in the southern Appalachians are restricted to upper elevations by multiple factors, including habitat requirements, introduced rainbow (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and brown (Salmo fnrtia) trout, and other human activities. Present-day distribution of brook trout habitat is already fragmented. Increased temperatures predicted by various global warming models are likely to further limit suitable brook trout habitat. Predicted changes in hydrologic cycles may exacerbate temperature effects, and hydrologic effects on trout may differ across the region. Models of present-day trout guild distribution were used in a Geographic Information System (GIS) to examine the changes in trout distribution that might occur with temperature increase. Both suitable area and stream length for trout decrease as suitable habitat is increasingly restricted to mountaintops. Furthermore, the remaining trout habitat is likely to be even more fragmented than at present. If trout habitat becomes more fragmented under warming trends, common local extinctions may become irreversible as avenues for recolonization are eliminated. CURRENT TROUT DISTRIBUTION The southern Appalachians represent the southern margin of trout in eastern North America. For this discussion, the southern Appalachians consists of the mountain areas of Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia. Originally, only native brook trout (Salvelinusfontinal) were found in this area. During the late 19* and early 20* centuries, rainbow (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and brown (salmo PZMU) trout were introduced into the region. The guild of these three species now occupies streams in about 40,700 km2 of these states (Fig. 1). Current distribution of native brook trout in the southern Appalachians is restricted to upper elevations by multiple factors, including habitat requirements, introduced rainbow and brown trout, and other human activities. Stream 'Research Eco/o@, U.S. Forest Setice, Southern Research Station, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0321; email@example.com temperature is a basic limiting factor that defines suitable habitat for all sahnonids, which require relatively low temperatures. Brook trout are found at slightly lower temperatures in field settings than are rainbow and brown trout (Eaton et al. 1995), and stream temperature generally increases with decreasing elevation in mountains. Other habitat conditions no doubt contribute to the current distribution patterns. In the early years of the 20ti century, logging and conversion to homesteads, fires, overfishing, and stocking all contributed to loss of brook trout habitat as European settlement moved upward. Historically, introduction of rainbow and brown trout certainly restricted the distribution of brook trout; many streams that now have introduced trout are known to have had brook trout at one time. But, the extent to which this replacement process continues today is tmknown and some think that relative distributions of the three species have Figure l.-Presentday suitable trout habitat in the southern Appalachians largely stabilized in the last few decades. In general, the introduced trouts have been more successful at lower elevations and latitudes, and brook trout tend to occupy higher elevations and latitudes (Larson and Moore 1985, Flebbe 1994). But brook trout remain most common and abundant in North Carolina and Virginia (Flebbe 1994). Sympatry is common, and within the region, these distribution patterns vary (Flebbe 1994). Presentday distribution of brook trout habitat is already ft-agmented. Some fragmentation is due to geomorphology, drainage patterns, and the fact that brook trout are at higher elevations in the southern Appalachian Mountains. Brook trout in the southern Appalachians are in major drainages of the Potomac (Shenandoah), Rappahannock, James, Roanoke, Yadkin, Catawba, Savannah, Alabama, Tennessee, and Ohio rivers. Even witbin these major drainages, brook trout are often restricted to headwater watersheds. Presence of unsuitable land uses also fragments brook trout distribution within watersheds. With few exceptions, developed land surrounding a stream makes that stream habitat unsuitable. Most agricultural land use also renders stream habitat unsuitable. Conversion of forest land to developed or agricultural land has tended to proceed from lower elevations to higher ones. Jfthis is the present-day situation for brook trout in the southern Appalachians, what do predictions of global climate change hold for brook trout here? GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE THREATS Global average air temperature has probably increased about 0S"C over the last century and, due to increasing levels of greenhouse gases, primarily carbon dioxide, may further increase by 1.0 to 3.5 "C during the next 100 years or so (Karl et al. 1997). The amount of temperature increase is not uniform over the planet and various models predict different magnitude of temperature increase. Jn the Southeast, models project increases of about 3 to 4 "C (or more) with a doubling of atmospheric CO2 (Mulholland et al. 1997). Effects of increased air temperature on water temperature will vary from site to site, depending on such factors as degree of groundwater influence, amount of shading by watershed and riparian vegetation, watershed aspect, etc. Possible changes to the hydrologic cycle are even more complex and uncertain than temperature change. Along with increased air and stream temperature, precipitation in the Southeast is also expected to increase, especially in the summer (Mulholland et al. 1997). Models indicate that summer convection storms will become more intense and frequent, with longer dry periods between them -a clustering e&ct (Mulholland et al. 1997). As a result, some small mountain streams may be more likely to dry out between storms and more intense storms may cause flash flooding and damage to streams. Evapotranspiration may or may not increase with increased carbon dioxide and warming, adding to the difficulty of predicting hydrologic changes. Experts do not agree on effects of climate change on hurricanes because processes are complex (Karl et al. 1997). Furthermore, effects of concomitant increased demand for water by humans add another source of uncertainty to predictions for hydrologic changes. CONSEQUENCES FOR TROUT IN THE SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS Increased temperatures and hydrologic changes predicted by various global warming models are likely to further limit suitable brook trout habitat. Many other, indirect effects of climate change on the stream environment of trout are possible, but will not be considered in this paper. For example, riparian zone vegetation may change, which in turn can alter inputs of allochthonous material and large woody debris. Changes in macroinvertebrate community structure and metabolism in response to all these changes represent changes in trout food availability. To date, consequences of hydrologic changes have not been proposed for trout in the southern Appalachians,


In this study, a meta-analysis was conducted targeting the studies that employ data-driven learning (DDL) approach in the Japanese EFL classroom context. After a thorough literature search, 32 effect sizes from 14 primary studies that took place in the Japanese EFL classroom were retrieved, coded, and calculated. The synthesized results, based on the classification of the outcome measures, showed that the DDL approach worked well particularly for learning vocabulary items (Level 1: lemma). It also worked positively for basic grammar items (Level 2: category) and noun and verb phrases (Level 3: phrase). For a proficiency measure, the combined effect size was small. Accordingly, the results of the current metaanalysis would provide further support for the use of DDL approach in the classroom, which could be an alternative methodology for facilitating the learning of lexico-grammatical items. Suggestions for further research and pedagogical implications are provided.


Abstract : The overall purpose of this project is to investigate the role of HOXC10 in breast cancer tumorigenicity and drug resistance. Since it was previously shown to be involved in proliferation and cell cycle, we investigated at the molecular level the role of HOXC10 and found that by affecting the RB/E2F1 pathway, it controls proliferation, G1/S transition and new origin firing. On the other hand, HOXC10 activates NF-kb, G2/M checkpoint and DNA repair through NER pathway, protecting cells from apoptosis and DNA damage, especially DNA crosslinks. This eventually leads the cells to become less sensitive to chemotherapy treatment. Mechanistically, HOXC10 binds to CDK7 and stimulates its kinase activity towards RNA polymerase II after DNA damage, allowing the cells to finish their repair and to recover from DNA damage arrest by restarting their transcription and protection from apoptosis. Consequently, inhibiting CDK7 could restore chemosusceptibility. Finally, high HOXC10 expression is correlated with poor outcome and with chemoresistance in breast cancer patients and cell lines.


This paper provides a dynamic model of a public debt crisis in which …scal insolvency is the cause. The insolvency is created by a combination of a passive …scal policy with an upper bound on the long-run budget surplus, yielding risky government debt, and a string of bad luck. As debt rises and a crisis approaches, the interest rate rises, due to a risk premium on debt in anticipation of possible default. A position, in which the contractual value of debt under passive …scal policy exceeds the maximum expected present-value surplus, is infeasible. Should passive …scal policy require such a point, a crisis occurs. Crisis resolution includes a promise of …scal reform, with a switch to active …scal policy as in the Fiscal Theory of the Price Level (FTPL). The switch creates larger near-term surpluses, which serve to raise the expected present-value surplus, and greater exchange rate ‡exibility, which eliminates the default premium on debt. If the present-value surplus is still too low relative to debt after the policy switch, default is necessary.


Is It Real? - the Evidence for a Significant Social Problem Telling Their Stories - Men Speak Out The Domestic Violence Trap - How to Get Help and Find Freedom from Abuse Resistance and Acceptance - the Challenge to Understanding Exploring New Approaches to Reduce Domestic Violence.


BICOPOLL and BICOPOLL-NET connect 12 research units from 10 European countries and autonomous regions into a concerted effort to develop and bring into practice improved methods of biocontrol and pollination services, using strawberry as the case study. BICOPOLL partners will use bees to (i) precision deliver biocontrol agents to the flowers of the target crops to provide control of diseases, (ii) improve the pollination of horticultural crops.


In this letter we study a precoding matrix (PM) interpolation in the context of user-specific channel estimation. We interpolate the fed-back PMs at the transmitter by the means of geodesic to enable continuous channel estimation across continuously scheduled frequency clusters in the receiver. The proposed scheme is compared to the case where a single PM is used for all sub-carriers within a frequency cluster and channel estimation can be performed only within that cluster. We compare the performance of geodesical interpolation on Grassmann, Stiefel, and Flag manifolds. For this purpose, we provide an iterative framework to obtain geodesics on Stiefel and Flag manifolds based on boundary conditions. We show by monte-carlo simulations that the interpolation of fed-back PMs at the transmitter improves significantly the quality of channel estimation.


Case report The patient was a 35-year-old housewife who developed Raynaud's phenomenon in 1965. Two years later, when she was admitted into hospital for treatment of broncho-pneumonia, early changes of scleroderma were noted in the hands and face. In May 1969 she developed severe proximal muscle weakness and it was found that the skin changes had considerably extended to involve the hands, forearms, face and anterior chest wall. She also developed dysphagia, abdominal colic, diarrhoea and weightloss. There was mild pyrexia up to 1000 F. Examination showed marked swelling and tenderness of the proximal limb muscles and a provisional diagnosis of myositis associated with scleroderma (Rodnan & Medsger, 1966) was made. This was confirmed by an elevated creatine phosphokinase (> 10 F±M/ml/hr; normal < 1-5 ,lM/ml/hr). Small-bowel barium-meal examination revealed delayed transit with dilated loops of small intestine and multiple fluid levels. There was no steatorrhoea. These changes were thought to be due to scleroderma involving the small intestine with replacement fibrosis diminishing bowel motility, and secondary bacterial colonization. The small-bowel infection was confirmed by finding increased urinary indoxyl sulphate excretion. She failed to respond to conservative treatment and was therefore given Synacthen 1 mg intra-


Purpose – The aim of the paper is to compare two different approaches to multi‐objective optimisation in magnetostatics; in this way, the case study is investigated as a possible benchmark.Design/methodology/approach – A Tabu search method modified with e‐constraint algorithm is compared with a multi‐objective multi‐individual evolution strategy. The case study is the automated shape design of a magnetic pole. In order to reduce the computational cost of solving the direct problem, which requires repeated analyses of the magnetic field, a neural network has been used to approximate the objective functions that depend on the design variables.Findings – An approximation of the Pareto front for each method is obtained. A twofold comparison between the two methods is made, based on both the result accuracy and the computational cost.Originality/value – Two different methods were already tested on a case study proposed as a benchmark for multi‐objective optimization in magnetostatics. The paper represents a co...


Global temperature soundings have been produced by NOAA at 250 Km resolution utilizing the data from HIRS/2, MSU, and SSU instruments aboard NOAA polar orbiting satellites. This 250 Km resolution is too coarse to provide enough information in meteorologically active regions such as frontal systems. An Enhanced sounding system has been developed to produce soundings at a much higher resolution (approximately 100 Km) and has been tested in a near real-time operational environment. Test results and case studies over ocean areas are presented and compared with TOVS data, NMC analyses and oceanic radiosonde data where available. The results have depicted the small scale meteorological features quite well. The high resolution soundings provide the increased horizontal gradient information useful for numerical weather prediction models especially in data sparse regions such as the world oceans.


We propose a method for determining ultraviolet divergences in the vacuum energy for systems whose spectrum of perturbations is defined through a nonlinear spectrum problem, i.e., when the fluctuation operator itself depends on the frequency. The method is applied to the plasma shell model, which describes some properties of the interaction of electromagnetic field with fullerenes. We formulate a scalar model, which simplifies the matrix structure, but keeps the frequency dependence of the plasma shell, and calculate the ultraviolet divergences in the case when the plasma sheet is slightly curved. The divergent terms are expressed in terms of surface integrals of corresponding invariants.


A variety of property indices of cotton-type warp yarns were selected to be used to analyze their influence on the warp yarns' weavability.Ten types of cotton-type fabrics' grey yarns and sized yarns from a large-scale textile mill were tested in the lab in order to analyze their weavability;and the key factors that influent their weavability were achieved by experimental and correlation analysis.This approach shows its practicability and can be adopted to study related issues.


Means of the social desirability ratings of items in Singer's Daydreaming Questionnaire correlated .41 with the mean response to those items. It was suggested that this moderate rather than high correlation may be due to the attenuated distribution of responses to items of the questionnaire and/or to the lack of agreement regarding the social acceptability of daydreams.


A mechanistic model is presented for the growth kinetics of a yeast grown by submerged aerobic fermentation using a liquid hydrocarbon as sole carbon source. The model is based on the assumption that cell growth is governed by the extent of probable cell attachment at the hydrocarbon oil‐droplet surfaces in a four‐phase dispersion. An analytical expression has been developed for the model. It is shown that for the case of relatively small oil droplets, the model predicts the present and previous experimental data for growth of yeasts (Candida species) in n‐alkane systems. The model is further examined for maximal growth in terms of substrate dilution rate and agitation power consumption for a continuous fermentation process.


This proceeding consists of the peer-reviewed papers from the 9th IGRSM International Conference and Exhibition on Geospatial & Remote Sensing & GIS (IGRSM 2018), which was organised by the Institution of Geospatial and Remote Sensing Malaysia (IGRSM) on 24-25 April 2018 at Berjaya Times Square Hotel, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The conference, with the theme Geospatial Enablement, was aimed at disseminating knowledge and sharing expertise and experiences in geospatial sciences in all aspects of applications. It was also aimed to build linkages between local and international professionals in this field with industries.


The increasing demand for electricity demanded that the power distribution system has a good reliability. To improve the reliability of electric power systems, PT. PLN Area Semarang use Recloser on the electricity network. Nowadays, the determination of recloser position is very important in reliability of electrical power system. Reliability index used in distribution systems are SAIFI and SAIDI. The value of SAIFI and SAIDI can be calculated from the outage time and the failure rate occurred in one year. Reliability can be concluded better if SAIFI and SAIDI smaller. This research aims to determine the optimal placement of recloser location on the electrical network in feeder PDP 03 Pudak Payung substation. The method used for the recloser location placement is Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) using Matlab Software R2014a. From simulation result, it can be concluded that the reliability value before and after placement recloser changed. SAIFI and SAIDI before recloser placement is 1.0172 times/year and 2.5435 hours/year. Optimal placement location for 1 recloser is at a location 4 with a value of SAIFI and SAIDI is 0.3361 times/year and 1.0456 hours/year. While for 2 reclosers is at a location 2 and 7 with a value of SAIFI and SAIDI is 0.26755 times/year and 0.86069 hours/year.


Antibiotics are substances that are produced by microorganisms that live from fungi that can fight or can fight other types of microbes. The use of higher antibiotics can be used in the use of antibiotics that are not rational. This research aims to improve the quality and quality of antibiotic use in inpatients at Patients with dyspepsia and complications of typhoid fever at TK Hijau Putri II Hospital, Kesdam I / BB Medan in 2018.The study was conducted descriptive descriptive with cross sectional research design with retrospective data collection conducted during the 2018 period. Quantitative evaluation research used the DDD (Defined Daily Dose) method and qualitative evaluation using the Gyssens category.The results showed that of the 120 patients using antibiotics, the quality assessment of the Gyssens category obtained results of 90% category 0 (rational), 10% category IIIA (duration too long). Evaluation of the amount by the DDD method (Daily Dose Determined) obtained the use of antibiotics with a DDD value / 1000 patient-day the highest was the fluoroquinolone group (ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin) with 56.4%, while for ciprofloxacin used 1,213 DDD / 1000 Patient-day and for levofloxacin have 1,000 DDD / 1000 Patient-days. Antibiotics for the third generation cephalosporins (cefotasim and ceftriaxone) with 43.14%, while for cefotasim have 713 DDD / 1000 Patient-days and for ceftriaxone have 1,000 DDD / 1000 Patient-days.


TPP strategy,which is a significant adjustment for American foreign trade policy,is trying to break through the multilateral trading system of WTO.It not only reflects the efforts of revitalizing domestic fragile economy,but also marks a sharp shift of American Asia-Pacific economic cooperation strategy.In this paper,by using CGE model,we simulate the impact of TPP strategy under different scenarios on the regional economic variables.Simulation results reveal that the welfare of entrants in TPP would increase,while the countries not in TPP would suffer from welfare loss.A TPP excluding China would damage China's welfare and worsen terms of trade.China should quickly react to establish an FTA in Northeast Asia including China,Republic of Korea and Japan.Some relevant hedging policies against U.S.TPP strategy should also be implemented according to China's long-run interests.


Hoitinga from Radboud University, the Netherlands, aims to improve biomedical and medical research, reduce the use of unnecessary animal studies and replace animal studies by using better alternatives. Throughout her career she has researched and highlighted the disadvantages of animal studies, such as the substandard quality of results produced and lack of evidence for translatability to human clinical research. To improve medical science, there has to be a paradigm shift in the way we think about animal research – are animal studies really necessary and are there better alternatives? Current science demonstrates that the use of animal-free alternatives, such as human stem cells derived organoids and computer modelling, lead to more relevant results for humans. Animal models are non-human species that are used in biological and biomedical research to find out more about human life. From a clinical research standpoint, animal models are used by scientists aiming to discover the underlying causes of various diseases, preventative measures, and possible treatments. Using animal models can be traced back through millennia, when Aristotle stated that studying animal species would enable better understanding of humans. Their use then became widespread during the 18th and 19th centuries due to the expansion of medical science and have become a longstanding practice in research. But how useful is this practice?


C3b and C3d complement receptors on the surface of mononuclear cells from blood, lymph nodes, and spleens were investigated in twenty-nine CLL patients and in eight patients with non-Hodgkin malignant lymphoma. Compared with a normal material, especially the lymphoid tissues but also the blood of the patients contained a high number of C3d receptor positive lymphocytes with a strong expression of C3d receptors per cell. The majority of the cells with high C3d receptor expression also had SmIgM. The number of C3b receptor positive cells was decreased in the patients but the C3b receptor expression per cell was normal.


A progressive banking sector withstands negative economic shocks and helps in enhancing the stability of the financial system. The return on equity of commercial banks in Kenya has been experiencing a decline. The decline has brought concerns from different quarters of the financial sector and other stakeholders. The study aimed at establishing the impacts of bank specific characteristics on return on equity of commercial banks in Kenya. The specific objectives were to establish the effect of bank size, management efficiency and asset quality on return on equity of commercial banks in Kenya. The study focused on 43 banks listed by CBK at 2017. The study was based on casual research design. The study focused the period 2014 to 2017, where panel regression analysis was used. The outcome from the examination was that bank size and management efficiency have significant positive effect on return on equity of commercial banks in Kenya. Asset quality has an insignificant negative effect on return on equity of commercial banks in Kenya. The study therefore recommends that banks should utilizing assets by investing in other ventures to maximize profits and by extension performance. The research suggests that focus should be placed on the banks' operating income as this in turn raising the banks' performance. Subsequent studies can replicate this in other segments of the financial sectors by focusing on SACCOs and Micro Finance Institutions.


The ability of a portfolio manager to deliver higher returns with relatively low risk is a fundamental issue in finance. We analyze here the performance of a portfolio manager under two different types of constraints. For a manager with private information, we compare the effect of value at risk (VaR) and short-selling constraints on the relation between the expected portfolio return and the market return. We find that in more volatile market, the VaR restriction will have a stronger effect on the manager performance compared to the short-selling restriction effect. The VaR constraint also strongly affects a manager with good quality of information while the short-selling restriction moderately affects manager with any level of information quality. For the manager attitude toward the risk, a too aggressive manager will find his overall performance more affected by the VaR constraint. Therefore, financial institutions such as large investment banks and hedge-funds with a strong ability to obtain superior information could be more affected by a very strong VaR restriction than by a short-selling restriction.


Based on the orthogonal experiments,using micro-diameter tool cut thin-walled parts of hardened steel in high-speed to research the effects of different cutting parameters on the radial cutting force,vibration,and surface roughness and optimize the cutting parameters.Firstly making the researching goal as measured SN ratio of the stability of product quality,then using principal component analysis to make the multi-objective quality characteristics into a single objective quality characteristics combined with analysis of variance to optimize the cutting parameters which not only analyze the significant impacts of cutting parameters on comprehensive quality but also obtain more reasonable cutting parameters and it can be a certain guiding significance for cutting thin-walled parts of hardened steel with high speed.


The geriatric population in general and specifically recipients of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) have increasing functional demands along with an increasing life expectancy. Certain intraoperative aspects of the index procedure, revision TKA, or the patient's physiology (i.e.- osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, neurologic disease) predispose the patient to post-operative periprosthetic distal femur fractures (PDFF). This review describes the epidemiology, classification, examination, and treatment options of PDFF. Osteoporosis and intraoperative anterior femoral cortex notching are primary patient and surgeon specific factors, respectively. The two most commonly used classification systems were described by Rorabeck and Kim and should be used to guide the surgeon's choice of treatment.  The non-operative treatment of PDFF is rare, requires close radiographic follow up, and delayed union is common. Open reduction with internal fixation (ORIF) is best accomplished with minimally invasive techniques and distal locking screws. Retrograde, intra-medullary nail fixation is technically difficult, but provides earlier weight bearing and comparable time to union as ORIF.  Revision TKA is indicated in patients with adequate bone stock, a simple fracture pattern without ligamentous instability, and a loose or malaligned femoral component.  Allograft-prosthetic composite (APC) or distal femoral replacement (DFR) is indicated for patients presenting with a PDFF about poor or deficient bone stock.  Patients with PDFF present a challenge to the arthroplasty surgeon in regards to choice of treatment and increased morbidity and mortality post-operatively. Close follow up is required and fracture union is often delayed.


Traditionally, hardware circuits are realized according to techniques that follow the classical phases of design and testing. A completely new approach in the creation of hardware circuits has been proposed---the Evolvable Hardware (EHW) paradigm, which bases the circuit synthesis on a goal-oriented evolutionary process inspired by biological evolution in Nature.
 FPGA-based approaches have emerged as the main architectural solution to implement EHW systems. Various EHW systems have been proposed by researchers but most of them, being based on outdated chips, do not take advantage of the interesting features introduced in newer FPGAs. This article describes a project named Hardware Evolution over Reconfigurable Architectures (HERA), which aims at creating a complete and performance-oriented framework for the evolution of digital circuits, leveraging the reconfiguration technology available in FPGAs. The project is described from its birth to its current state, presenting its evolutionary technique tailored for FPGA-based circuits and the most recent enhancements to improve the scalability with respect to problem size. The developed EHW system outperforms the state of the art, proving its effectiveness in evolving both standard benchmarks and more complex real-world applications.


Enhance your PHP applications by increasing their responsiveness through jQuery and its plugins. Combine client-side jQuery with your server-side PHP to make your applications more efficient and exciting for the clientLearn about some of the most popular jQuery plugins and methodsCreate powerful and responsive user interfaces for your PHP applicationsComplete examples of PHP and jQuery with clear explanationsNo JavaScript expertise or jQuery experience required In Detail To make PHP applications that respond quickly, avoid unnecessary page reloads, and provide great user interfaces, often requires complex JavaScript techniques and even then, if you get that far, they might not even work across different browsers! With jQuery, you can use one of the most popular JavaScript libraries, forget about cross-browser issues, and simplify the creation of very powerful and responsive interfaces - all with the minimum of code.This is the first book in the market that will ease the server-side PHP coder into the client-side world of the popular jQuery JavaScript library.This book will show you how to use jQuery to enhance your PHP applications, with many examples using jQuery's user interface library jQuery UI, and other examples using popular jQuery plugins. It will help you to add exciting user interface features to liven up your PHP applications without having to become a master of client-side JavaScript.This book will teach you how to use jQuery to create some really stunning effects, but without you needing to have in-depth knowledge of how jQuery works. It provides you with everything you need to build practical user interfaces for everything from graphics manipulation to drag-and-drop to data searching, and much more. The book also provides practical demonstrations of PHP and jQuery and explains those examples, rather than starting from how JavaScript works and how it is different from PHP.By the end of this book, you should be able to take any PHP application you have written, and transform it into a responsive, user-friendly interface, with capabilities you would not have dreamed of being able to achieve, all in just a few lines of JavaScript. What you will learn from this book? Integrate jQuery into your PHP applicationsAdd tabs and accordions using the jQuery-UI project to make your pages easier to readValidate forms locally and remotelyEnhance your existing form controls, optimize large select-boxes, build auto-suggest fields for your forms.Manipulate images non-destructivelyManage your files and directoriesCreate your own jQuery pluginsWrite a weekly calendarUse a drag/drop mechanism to sort lists and create hierarchical menusPaginate, order, and search large data sets Approach This book takes a practical approach to integrating PHP and jQuery, showing examples of every point discussed. All examples are written such that you should be able to copy out the code into your own projects and see immediate results, no matter what your experience with JavaScript. You will find projects developed within a chapter, building them up step-by-step, describing the process and thought that goes into it. Minimal requirements are needed on the server-side, so the examples should work with any setup. Who this book is written for? This book is for PHP application developers who want to improve their user interfaces through jQuery's capabilities and responsiveness. Whether you are familiar with jQuery or have only dabbled a little with JavaScript, this book will provide you with numerous practical examples of how to improve your application.


The double product (DP), systolic blood pressure multiplied by heart rate, is a surrogate measure of myocardial oxygen demand and cardiac workload used increasingly today in medicine. The double product is more strongly correlated with left ventricular mass than the daily blood pressure mean. The purpose of this study was to describe the normative circadian pattern of the double product in healthy normotensive young adults. We studied 125 men and 75 women, 23.0 ± 3.3 (mean ± SD) years of age, without medical history of hypertension and 24h ambulatory systolic/diastolic blood pressure mean consistently below 135/85 mm Hg. Subjects underwent ambulatory blood pressure monitoring at 30-minute intervals for 48 consecutive hours once each season of the year, yielding 930 protocol-correct blood pressure and heart rate time series. Subjects maintained their usual routine of diurnal activity and nocturnal sleep and avoided use of over-the-counter and other medication. Circadian rhythmicity in the double product was established by population multiple-component analysis. The double product rose rapidly from the lowest value, attained 3h before awaking from sleep at night, to a markedly elevated level at the commencement of morning activity. The double product was highest in the afternoon, roughly 7h after the commencement of diurnal activity. In both men and women, the shape of the highamplitude circadian rhythm in the double product was best described by a complex model composed of three cosine curves having periods of 24h, 12h, and 6h. The 24h mean in the double product of 8092.51 ±42.76 (mean ±SD) in men was significantly lower than that of 8353.17 ±37.48 in women (P <.001). The circadian double amplitude of the rhythm was statistically significantly greater (P <.001) in men (50% of the 24h mean) than women (44% of the 24h mean). The double product did not differ between seasons in women, but it did in men (P =.017) due to reduced heart rate in summer. The circadian pattern of large amplitude in the double product and its gender differences must be taken into account when using this variable to assess cardiac workload, risk of left ventricular hypertrophy, and efficiency of antihypertensive therapy. (Chronobiology International, 18(3), 475–489, 2001)


The data of the per capita nonproductive expenditure of farmers of Fujian Province between 1978 and 2007,their per capita net income,their consumer price index,and their pre-consumer price index are adopted.The OLS method is used to analyze the relevance of the factors above.The result shows that the nonproductive expenditure is in inverse proportion to the current nonproductive expenditure;the consumer price index is proportional to the farmers' nonproductive expenditure;and the improvement of the consumer price index just increases the farmers' nonproductive expenditure,but fails to increase the amount of the goods.A conclusion can be drawn that increasing the farmers' net income is the key to improvement of the farmers' per capita nonproductive expenditure.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for producing flaky carbon material without using a big scale facility and without reacting with a strong acid or oxidizer for a long period of time.SOLUTION: The method for producing a flaky carbon material includes: a step of immersing a carbon material having a layered structure into a nonionic solvent; and a step of detaching a flaky carbon material by radiating microwave to the carbon material in the nonionic solvent to heat the carbon material so as not to evaporate the nonionic solvent in contact with the carbon material, and to widen the interlayer distance of the carbon material.SELECTED DRAWING: None


Abstract A planar multi target sputtering approach was used to deposit Pb(Zr, Ti)O3 (PZT) films with different composition on Pt bottom electrodes for the use in thin film pyroelectric IR detector arrays. Low stress ferroelectric capacitor stacks are needed in these devices, because the sensing elements are arranged on thin micromachined membranes. PZT films with a Zr content of 10 at% (10/90) and 48 at% (48/52) were analyzed in terms of thin film stress. PZT (10/90) films were found in a slight compressed state and PZT (48/52) under tensile stress after deposition. Stress temperature curves were used to evaluate the Curie temperature of the films. From the stress temperature curves the spontaneous distortion of the ferroelectric given by the lattice parameters can be extracted. The lower Curie temperature in combination with the smaller spontaneous distortion of the PZT (48/52) film is the reason for the difference in the stress state after deposition.


The paper presents a synergetic view of evolutionary processes in a natural language grammar. Dissipation processes are demonstrated with the aid of the morphological data of English. A detailed review is presented concerning the English Number paradigm since the Old English and through its evolution in Middle English. Some crucial linguistic and extra linguistic factors of the paradigm changes in the English Category of Number are discussed.


This research has dealt with the reign of Sultan Ala' Aldeen AlKhalji, who ruled from the period of (695-716H/1296-1316), he is one of AlKhaljeiha state Sultans that ruled the Indian subcontinent, this research reveals his efforts in securing the country from external threats, and his work on the propagation of Islam, extending his power into new areas did not arrive by any one before him, also shows us his role in the provision of prosperity for his people. According to these efforts, this research has been dedicated to him. The fact of this research necessitated to divide into an introduction, number of points to view the topic, conclusion and Appendices, as follows: Introduction: including the origin of AlKhaljeiha Family and their appearance as great power until they arrived to the real authority. Then the research has been displayed in number of points as following: Hint about Sultan Ala' Aldeen AlKhalji and how he got to the Sultanate. The entry of Sultan Ala' Aldeen AlKhalji Delhi the capital, Sultan GalalAldeen cousins. And then we approached a sense of Sultan Ala' Aldeen AlKhalji greatness, and directing the throne of his uncle to him. The Research has been focused on the details of the Sultan Ala' Aldeenefforts to adopt judgment in the country, which were represented in three key points are: Confrontation of the Mongols. New conquests during his reign. Internal reforms during his reign marked by the issuance of administrative, economic, social decrees, and the issuance of regulations to follow up the implementation of these decrees. Then the research has dealt with the historical, constructional, and Military effects that have done in Sultan Ala' Aldeen AlKhalji epoch. Then the death of the Sultan and his commandment. The conclusion of the research: including several historical facts, appendices, finally proved a list of sources and references that have been adopted by the researcher.


Recent studies on the body condition of females of the Riviere George caribou herd (RGH) in northern Quebec have shown that fat reserves declined markedly during the first month of lactation. For many populations of reindeer and caribou, it is widely accepted that insect harassment can affect food intake, energy expenditure, and consequently the accumulation of body reserves. To assess the role of biting and parasitic insects on caribou body condition, we monitored the behaviour and habitat use of RGH females from late June to early August in summers 1992 and 1993. In 1992, biting insect activity started on 27 July, while in 1993, insects were active from 14 July. Oestrids were present on the post-calving range in 1993 only. In both summers, we observed caribou harassed by flies on only four days. When insects were present, harassment reduced the time spent feeding from 53% to 30%, increased the time spent standing from 1% to 39%, and modified habitat use towards snow patches. Insect harassment had a significant impact on caribou behaviour, but its contribution to the negative energy balance during the first month of lactation seems negligible. Key words: caribou, Rangifer tarandus , George River, Quebec, behaviour, insect harassment, mosquito, oestrid, summer range, habitat selection


Many studies have shown that speech style affects pronunciation reduction, mixed results have been obtained for gender, and few results have been published regarding the relationship between age and reduction. In the present paper we investigate how pronunciation reduction is related to speech style, gender and age. Significant effects were found for speech style and age, while the effect of gender was not significant.


In relation to access to health information, in a context where there are numerous content producers with different interests, an excess of information available sometimes of dubious quality and different access methods (media, search engines On the Internet, social networks, etc.), governments should be one of the sources of reference information for citizenship. One of the main tools available to governments to facilitate access to information is their presence on the Internet, specifcally through their institutional websites and profles on social networks. Possibly the most widely used and known for its free character is the Medline database of the US National Library of Medicine. It was founded in 1966, in its printed version known as Index Medicus. It has more than 15 million references since 1950, divided into more than 4700 journals around the world and in all languages; (although English language bias and bias of Englishlanguage journals is very important as it represents 70% of the information). The PubMed search system is a project developed by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) in the National Library of Medicine (NLM). It allows access to bibliographic databases compiled by the NLM: MEDLINE, PreMEDLINE (quotations sent by the publishers), Genbak and Complete Genome. Medline contains subbases: AIDS, Bioethics, Cancer, Complementary Medicine, Core Clinical Journals, Dental Journals, Nursing Journals, PubMed Central that we can consult individually by clicking the Limits option and selecting Subsets. MEDLINE is the most important NLM database covering the felds of medicine, oncology, nursing, dentistry, veterinary medicine, public health and preclinical sciences. PubMed has several search modalities. In the home screen we can search for terms, phrases, authors, etc. Limits limit the search by type of documents, languages, age, etc. The index option displays the terms present in the different indexes: descriptor (MeSH), author, word of the title or summary, magazine etc. We can also choose to consult the descriptor directly by clicking on the menu MeSH Database¸ consult a journal in the Journal Database. The CLINICAL QUERIES methodological flter, developed with evidencebased health sciences methodology, with emphasis on therapy, diagnosis, etiology or prognosis or to locate systematic reviews or metaanalyzes, is very useful for clinical information searches. In 1996, PREMEDLINE was created, a database that provides basic data and summaries before all felds are added to the complete records and incorporated into Medline. Each day new registrations are introduced to Premedline, and each record receives a PMID identifcation number. Once the terms MeSH and other indexing data are incorporated, they are deleted from Premedline and entered into Medline. Since 1975, it includes a summary of more than 50% of its references. Today it is a database updated monthly. Documentary databases such as Medline use controlled language (thesauri) in your search managers which improves search results. The use of these thesauri, according to the literature consulted, makes it diffcult for health professionals to use databases such as MEDLINE. The bibliography consulted does not provide data related to the diffculty in the use of MEDLINE by profesional physiotherapists There are no specifc tools to facilitate the use of this type of database in the feld of physiotherapy. The hypothesis of the present study handles the task of knowing if the diffculty in the management of the Medline database causes the underutilization of the same by the Spanish Physiotherapists. Once known the existence of this association, we will consider the implementation of a tool that facilitates its use by the Spanish physiotherapists. The objectives of the present work are: ➢ Objective the tools that the university community uses to increase and develop their tacit knowledge. ➢ Analyze the level of use of the MEDLINE database by the teachers of the Area of Physical Therapy of the Spanish Universities. ➢ Analyze the importance given by the teachers of the Physical Therapy Area to the search for information in general and to the MEDLINE database in particular. ➢ Analyze the knowledge and use of the MESH Thesaurus by the teachers of the Physical Therapy Area of; the Spanish Universities. ➢ Analyze the degree of diffculty presented by the use of the MESH Thesaurus in the MEDLINE database by the professors of the Physical Therapy Area of the Spanish Universities. ➢ To know the main terms that the teachers of the Area of Physical Therapy of the Spanish Universities use in their searches of information. ➢ Program the development of a documentary tool that simplifes the use of the MEDLINE database by converting the technical language of the Physical Therapy Area into the documentary language of the MESH thesaurus. In our study we have opted for a descriptive methodology in which data are collected and analyzed for the variables established to describe and explain the objectives. In other words, we intend to use an adequate methodology that guarantees reliable and testable results in the feld of Physiotherapy and Information Sciences. To do this, we will perform an observational, descriptive, longitudinal, prospective study (followup study) using a questionnaire. We will begin by using descriptive analysis to analyze and describe the set of data or values of a population. After the descriptive analysis we turn to the inferential analysis that aims to verify the degree of association / relationship between the various variables. Thus, when the objective of the investigation is to verify the degree of association / relationship between nominal and / or ordinal variables, contingency tables and the Chi Square test and the taub and tauc of Kendall. Several descriptive analyzes, of variance and independence tests between variables have been carried out using the Pearson Chi Square tests completed with analysis of corrected typifed residuals.


This paper describes the invention about the stock market prediction for use of investors. More specifically, the stock market's movements are analyzed and predicted in order to retrieve knowledge that could guide investors on when to buy and sell. Through a case study on trading Kuala Lumpur Composite Index and individual firms listed in Bursa Malaysia, rough sets is shown to be an applicable and effective tool for stock market analysis. The ability of rough set approach to discover dependencies in data while eliminating superfluous factors in noisy stock market data deems very useful to extract trading rules. This is very crucial to detect market timing for market timing is detected by capturing the major turning points in data. Nevertheless, one failure of the predictive system developed in this research is its inability to detect numerous minor trends displayed by volatile individual firms, thus the failure to produce effective trading signals to generate profits above the naive strategy for these firms.


Enterprise IT projects can end up costing much more than initial estimations, taking much longer time than expected or delivering benefits below expectations. The success or failure of IT projects, however, depends on the project managers. Many reasons are attributed to the success or failure of an IT project. The major stakeholders who are involved in IT projects are the right people to provide these reasons. This study was conducted among IT project managers in the Washington-Baltimore Metropolitan area to find out the most important reasons that projects succeed or fail. Washington-Baltimore metropolitan is a major hub of IT activities because of the location of the U.S. Federal Government, several government agencies and the presence of many IT contactors in the area. The study provides metric for comparing reasons for success or failure of IT projects with those projects not located in the area.


Aiming at common-mode voltage existing in the application of grid-connected inverters with high voltage and power three-level,under analyzing and comparing with common sine pulse width modulation(SPWM) strategy of effectiveness to suppress the common-mode voltage of inverter,through optimizing the switching sequence,a novel SPWM strategy is proposed that can confirm the amplitude of common-mode voltage is satisfied with a range and is obviously superior to the former,meanwhile make qualified of the output waveform.Simulation and experiment validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the novel strategy.


Nikon, in collaboration with IBM, has been developing EB stepper, which is the electron beam projection lithography (EPL) system for 70 nm node generation and below. As the standard reticle for EB stepper, the scattering silicon stencil type is used to obtain highest performance. The EB reticle has thin silicon membranes of thickness 2 micrometers and membrane size 1.13 mm square with stencil opening patterns, which are supported by a grid-grillage structure. The development of the EB reticle is one of key issues in the EB stepper development. We had accomplished 76nm reticle development using silicon-on-insulator wafer with a stress- controlled membrane. Now we are in the 200 mm reticle development phase. We have curried out experiments in cleaning, inspection and repair for the EB reticle, which are very important issues for the EB reticle fabrication. We showed possibilities of Ar aerosol cleaning, a reticle repair using Focused Ion Beam, pattern defect inspection with DUV microscope and so on.


This paper addresses the problem of predicting the early-time radar response of a low-metal content landmine buried in a lossy soil given its response in a lossless soil. To make the problem tractable, we consider plane wave scattering from a homogeneous dielectric target embedded in a layered host medium with a global loss model. Using similarity analysis and the Born approximation, a transformation law for the scattered field is derived which relates the early-time target response in the lossy host medium to that in a corresponding lossless host medium. We also present a transformation law for the target impulse response, which follows directly from the transformation for the scattered field. The derived transformation law is tested using early-time responses of a mine-like target obtained from 3D finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations. Based on these tests, the ability of the transformation law to predict changes in the early-time response of a non-metallic landmine as a result of changes in the electromagnetic properties of the host medium is discussed.


Passive structures are often used in somewhat different ways in English and Chinese although there are the same structures in the two languages.English passive structures find much wider application,especially in English for Science and technology(EST),but this is not true of Chinese.Therefore,when translated into Chinese,English sentences with passive structures in EST are seldom kept passive in Chinese,but turned into active sentences,judgment sentences,no-subject sentences or other kinds of sentences.


The propensity of utilizing Euclidean distance metrics when calculating spatial statistics generally ignores the underlying connectivity between the features under analysis. A procedure is developed to compensate for the distance discrepancies inherent in spatial statistics algorithms by temporarily transforming the model features into an alternate distance metric space that more realistically represents the functional connectivity distance between spatial elements. -- Comparative statistical analysis results between the adjusted and un-adjusted spatial arrangements suggest that statistical measures that are strictly distance based can display dramatic differences in the magnitude of these results. Global autocorrelation measures display much less variation while local autocorrelation measures can result in regions of expanded spatial clustering.


The oral route of drug administration is the most important method of administering drugs for systemic effects. Oral route has been the most popular for delivery of drugs
because of convenience and ease of administration, greater flexibility in dosage form
design and ease of production and low cost of such a system. It is probable that at least 90% of all drugs used to produce systemic effects are administered by the oral route. The present work, an industrial project, entitled "Formulation and evaluation of
sustained release tablets of Tamsulosin Hydrochloride" was taken up in collaboration
with Rachem pharma Pvt. Ltd., Hyderabad. The literature review showed that the drug Tamsulosin hydrochloride is an alpha adrenergic blocking agent used in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. The present work was aimed towards developing a sustained release oral dosage form having Tamsulosin hydrochloride. Before going to develop the formulation a detailed product literature review was carried out to know the innovator product and the patent status of the drug. Preformulation studies were conducted to check the drug polymer and excipients compatibility and the results had confirmed compatibility among them. As per the proto type evaluation results it was concluded that wet granulation is the best possible method of granulation for the present work. Granules were evaluated for tests like bulk density, tap density, compressibility index before compression. Compressed tablets were tested for in-vitro drug release by following the dissolution parameters mentioned in the current version of USP Monograph for Tamsulosin Hydrochloride Capsules. From all the above studies it was concluded that trial 10 which has Eudragit L100 and Eudragit RLPO in the ratio of 1:1.6, had successfully retarded the release of Tamsulosin hydrochloride for 30hrs in a rate controlled manner.


Cancer is a class of diseases characterized by uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells anywhere in the body and the ability of these cells to invade other locations in the body, either by direct growth into adjacent tissue or by migration of cells to distant sites. This unregulated growth is caused by damage to DNA, resulting in mutations to genes that encode proteins controlling cell division. To prevent this unregulated growth various anticancer drug (Chen et al., 2011; Kim & Dass 2011) have been developed. But these drugs have severe toxicity and are not well tolerated in the patient. Therefore, the major goal in anticancer drug discovery process is to discover and develop innovative therapies that exhibit a real improvement in effectiveness and/or tolerability. In cancer therapy, continuous effort has been made to explore the new targets. Cancer research is largely focused on prospective targets identified by basic science such as the oncogenic signal transduction pathway, oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and genes involved in the regulation of the cell cycle and apoptosis or programmed cell death (Gridelli et al., 2003; Hochhaus et al., 2004; Lau et al., 2011; Minna et al., 2004). Proteins mediating their effects are obvious targets for cancer therapy because, by definition, these proteins are involved in the primary transformation of normal cells. Proteins that transmit abnormal growth signals offer enticing points of intervention for the treatment of cancer. One potential target is the Ras family of proteins, which are mutationally activated in a wide range of human tumor types and are important contributors to the neoplastic phenotype (Barbacid et al., 1987; Biagi et al., 2010; Bollag et al., 1991; Bos et al., 1989).


A paper feed and conveyance roll having a surface-treated layer (11) formed as a result of impregnating a surface layer section (10a) of an elastic body (10) by using a treatment fluid including an isocyanate compound. The paper feed and conveyance roll is characterized by the micro hardness (Hs 1 ) of the surface-treated layer (11), the friction coefficient (µ 1 ) of the surface-treated layer (11), the micro hardness (Hs 2 ) of the elastic body (10) having the surface-treated layer (11) removed therefrom, and the friction coefficient (µ 2 ) of the elastic body (10) having the surface-treated layer (11) removed therefrom, as measured by a micro hardness meter, fulfilling formula (1) and formula (2).


Deep aquifer water, which contains high levels of bicarbonate and Ca, is used predominantly for citrus irrigation. Changes in soil pH and Mehlich 1 extractable Ca concentrations were examined inside and outside the microsprinkler-wetted zone in 3- to 5-year-old citrus groves on three soils. Soil pH at 0 to 15 cm side the wetted zone was 0.4, 0.9, and 1.3 pH units higher than that outside the wetted zone in Immokalee, Myakka, and Holopaw sands, respectively. This pH increase was due to the addition of bicarbonate in the irrigation water. Extractable Ca concentrations were also about two-fold higher inside compared to those outside the wetted zone at depths of 0 to 15 and 15 to 30 cm [...]


MDK and PTN are two members of a family of heparin-binding cytokines thought to be involved in a number of developmental processes. The locations for these genes were determined in man and mouse using somatic cell hybrid analysis and interspecific backcross analysis. Human MDK was mapped to 11p13-->p11. MDK in the mouse (Mdk) was mapped to a syntenic region of mouse Chromosome 2. A pseudogene of Mdk was mapped to mouse Chromosome 11. The closely related human gene PTN was mapped to a separate location on human chromosome region 7q22-->qter.


ABSTRACT The assessment of oil exposure and resulting biological effects in subtidal fish following marine oil spills is a rather challenging task, due to difficulty in sampling and a lack of metho...


Objective: To investigate the relationship between perceived stress, positive mental health and academic performance among university students.
Study Design: Correlational study.
Place and Duration of Study: Data was obtained from different universities of Rawalpindi and Islamabad, Pakistan including Bahria University, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Foundation University, COMSATS University and Riphah International University from Dec 2018 to Apr 2019.
Methodology: Sample of 261 students of ages 19-25 years (mean age 21.17 ± 1.71 SD), recruited from BSprogrammes from different universities by using purposive sampling technique to explore the relationship between perceived stress, positive mental health and academic performance among university students. Respondents were assessed on Demographic form, Perceived Stress Scale and Warwick-Edinburg Mental Health Wellbeing Scale.
Results: Linear regression was run to study perceived stress as a significant predictor of positive mental health and academic performance of undergraduates. The students mean age was 21.17 ± 1.71 SD. The results showed perceived stress a significant predictor of positive mental health (R=0.487; R2=0.237, F=80.328, p<0.01) and academic performance (R=0.224; R2=0.050, F=13.636, p<0.01).
Conclusion: It is concluded from findings of this research that perceived stress has a significant negative impact on positive mental health and positive impact on academic performance.


The article evaluates the architectural design of several corporate headquarters including a building for the technology company Apple in Cupertino, California, designed by Foster + Partners, a research and development center for Bell Labs in Holmdel, New Jersey, designed by Eero Saarinen and a building for the electronic commerce company Amazon in Seattle, Washington, designed by NBBJ.


This study entitled "Identification and Analysis of Weeds Population in the Organic and Inorganic rice fields in the Jatiluwih village, Penebel District, Tabanan". The purpose of this study was to determine; (1) what kind of weeds which are existing in organic and inorganic rice fields? (2) how is the dominant weeds population in organic and inorganic rice fields in the Jatiluwih village, Penebel District, Tabanan. This research was conducted by the method of "purposive sampling", which was a method of research areas specified intentionally by certain considerations. The results showed that: (1) The weeds growing in organic rice fields, namely broadleaf weed species Monochoria vaginalis and species Sphenoclea zeylanica gaertn and grass weed species Paspalum disticlum l. Weeds that grow in inorganic rice fields, namely broadleaf weed species Monochoria vaginalis and grass weed speciews Paspaulm disticlum l. (2) Broadleaf weeds speciews Monocharia vaginalis were more numerous than grass weed species Paspalum disticlum l, and broadleaf weed species Sphenoclea zeylanica Gaertn either in organic and inorganic rice fields.


The agricultural mechanization is the use of advanced agricultural machinery and equipment for agriculture,improving agricultural production and operation conditions,and continuously improve the technological level of agricultural production and economic efficiency,ecological benefits of the process.From the development of agricultural mechanization Fanchang County,current status and development prospects and other aspects are described,and needles in the process of agricultural mechanization development problems and constraints in the main analysis,and finally explained to speed up the county agricultural mechanization development problems and Countermeasures.


Background. Scenarios for Macedonia anticipate an average increase of 3.8 °? by 2100, more frequent and more intense heatwaves, droughts and flood events.Climate change adaption has been establishe...


In the variety of approaches to tackle the challenges of rarefied gas flows, the regularized 13-moment equations (R13) have become a very promising contender. The equations are based on moment approximations in kinetic gas theory which can be interpreted as a non-linear discretization of the Boltzmann equation in the velocity space. In order to get a deeper insight into rarefaction effects, an analytic solution for the flow around a sphere has been constructed in [M. Torrilhon, Phys. Fluids. 22, 072001:1-16 (2010)]. In the present work, an analytic solution for the flow past a cylinder is derived, which is another very important text book problem. Again, the investigation is restricted to slow flows (Ma ≪ 1), which means a linearized system of the original R13 equations is analyzed. The results for the sphere and the cylinder are then compared and typical rarefaction effects are pointed out.


During the period between March 1980 and December 1991, 29 patients have been operated upon for removal of left ventricular aneurysms of Chagas' disease ethiology. There were 22 females and 7 males, with ages at operation ranging from 21 to 69 years. All of them had a positive immunologic reaction to Chagas disease; 8 patients presented preoperatively stroke, 8 patients had tiredness associated with heart failure, 8 patients had palpitations and seizures; 5 others presented multiple symptoms. Three patients had artificial pacemakers implanted. The electrocardiogram was abnormal in all cases; half of them had normal chest roentgenograms. Coronary arteriography was normal in all patients. Left ventricular angiogram demonstrated an apical lesion like a "nipple" in 14 cases, a saccular aneurysm in 8 cases, an inferior wall aneurysm in 4 cases, and combined apical and inferior aneurysms in 3 cases. One of the cases of double aneurysms had also severe mitral insufficiency. In 4 patients thrombi were detected in the left ventricular angiogram. There was no hospital mortality. During follow-up we registered a single death and 3 patients progressed to a complete heart block which required pacemaker insertion. Another patient had recurrence of preoperative arrhithmia. We conclude that surgical removal of left ventricular aneurysm associated with Chagas' disease in selected patients is a low mortality procedure, may prevent recurrent thromboembolysm, controls heart failure and may suppress arrhithmias in a significant number of patients.


The method is based on the displacement of bromine from potassium bromide and the formation of eosine. When OF/sub 2/ containing air is drawn through the indicator lube contuining silica gel and fluoresceine. the original yellow color turns red. The length of the colored zone is proportional to the quantity of fluorine monoxide. Optimum conditions for the determination were established. (auth)


Background: Depression, stress, and anxiety have a high prevalence among coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, and they can diminish psychological health and lead to malfunctions in various aspects of patients. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) is considered as one of the effective treatments to improve health-related psychological qualities. Objectives: The current research aimed to determine the effectiveness of the MBCT on depression, stress, and anxiety among people with COVID-19. Methods: The research deployed an experimental design with pre-and post-tests and a control group. The population included all recovered patients with COVID-19 referring to health centers in Ahvaz, Iran, in 2020. Using available random sampling method, 30 patients who met the inclusion criteria were recruited and equally randomized into either experimental or control groups. While eight 90-minute MBCT sessions were administered for the experimental group, the control group received no interventions. The Depression, Anxiety, and Stress scale (DASS-21) was used to collect the data. The data were analyzed by SPSS software version 23 using multivariate and univariate analysis of variance. Results: The results showed that there were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of gender, age, and education (P > .05). The results of multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) indicated that all the three subscales of depression (d = 0/75), stress (d = 0/86), and anxiety (d = 0/82) were significantly reduced in the intervention group (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The MBCT is an effective therapeutic way to reduce depressive, stress, and anxious signs of patients with COVID-19. Thus, it is recommended that therapists and experts use this method to promote patients' mental health.


Abstract 2598

Background: After initial induction chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML), it is commonplace that reinduction or intensified therapy is not indicated if the bone marrow has 1000/μl and platelet count >100,000/μl per standard criteria (Cheson BD, et al. J Clin Oncol. 1990;8(5):813-9), might still occur and that the lack of blood count recovery may not bear prognostic significance. However, the time to CR after the first induction has been shown to be inversely related to subsequent duration of disease-free survival (DFS) and survival (OS), independent of age, treatment, and cytogenetics (Estey EH, et al. Blood. 2000;95(1):72-7). Additionally, the level of ANC and platelet recovery at time of CR is prognostic, with significantly better DFS among patients with higher counts (Yanada M, et al. Leuk Res. 2008;32(10):1505-9). Newly-diagnosed AML patients often present with below normal neutrophil and platelet counts, suggesting that persistence of such cytopenias after induction may be a clinical indicator of minimal residual disease (MRD) in the marrow. We therefore examined whether blood count recovery affected the probability of subsequent CR in patients with <5% bone marrow blasts.

Methods: We included 85 patients who, by day 21 or thereafter of induction therapy for newly-diagnosed AML, had not met blood count criteria for CR despite a bone marrow in the prior week with <5% blasts by morphology. Patients were classified by type of induction therapy based on cytarabine dosing. G-CSF was not systematically administered. Marrows were planned for day 21 after chemotherapy and/or weekly thereafter to assess for disease status and evidence of marrow recovery. Because patients were often managed as outpatients, counts and marrows were not uniformly available and thus "day 28" included days 21–28, "day 35" included days 29–35, etc. If a patient had more than one marrow evaluation after day 21, we included only the first one.

Results: Overall cohort CR rate was 64%. Eventual CR rate was significantly affected by platelet count, with 44% eventual CR for patients with platelets 100,000. The effect of ANC recovery on eventual CR was less dramatic, with an OR 0.4 (0.2–1.0, p=0.049), for ANC 0.1 in the univariate analysis. By day 28, patients with either ANC or platelet recovery were significantly more likely to obtain CR than patients with neither count recovery (89% vs. 51%), OR 8.05 (2.2–30, p=0.002). In the multivariate analysis, (a) lack of platelet recovery to >30,000 was associated with significantly lower incidence of CR, OR 0.26 (0.1–0.8, p=0.02), and was independent of cytogenetic risk, antecedent hematologic disorder, and induction regimen, and (b) there was a suggested association between earlier count recovery and CR (>28 days vs. day 21–28), OR 0.31 (0.1–1.0, p=0.051).

Conclusion: Persistence of low peripheral blood counts, despite the presence of <5% bone marrow blasts, is predictive of low eventual CR rates after induction chemotherapy. These results suggest that initiation of further and possibly different therapy, rather than continued observation, should be investigated in this setting.

| Demographic | No. | No. CR, % |
|:--------------------------------:| -------------------- | ----------------------- | --------------------- |
| Patients, No. | 85 | 54 (64%) |
| Median age, years | 54 (range 20-81) | |
| Cytogenetics | | |
|     Inv16 or t(8;21) | 8 | 7 (88%) |
|     Intermediate | 44 | 25 (57%) |
|     Monosomal karyotype | 17 | 10 (59%) |
|     Other unfavorable | 16 | 12 (75%) |
| Type of AML | | |
|     De novo AML | 44 | 31 (70%) |
|     Secondary AML | 41 | 23 (56%) |
| Induction Regimen | | |
|     Low-dose cytarabine | 4 | |
|     Standard-dose cytarabine | 56 | 37 (66%) |
|     High-dose cytarabine | 18 | 13 (72%) |
|     Treatment without cytarabine | 7 | 4 (57%) |
| Day of marrow 100, CR(%) | ANC 1.0, CR(%) | Total Patients, CR(%) |
| 21-28 | 15,7 (47%) | 12,9 (75%) | 15,15 (100%) | 18,10 (56%) | 14,13 (93%) | 3,2 (67%) | 7,6 (86%) | 42,31 (74%) |
| 29-35 | 14,6 (43%) | 12,5 (42%) | 4,3 (75%) | 17,8 (47%) | 8,3 (38%) | 1,0 (0%) | 4,3 (75%) | 30,14 (47%) |
| 36-42 | 4,1 (25%) | 5,5 (100%) | | 3,2 (67%) | 3,3 (100%) | | 3,1 (33%) | 9,6 (67%) |
| >42 | 3,2 (67%) | | 1,1 (100%) | 2,1 (50%) | 1,1 (100%) | 1,1 (100%) | | 4,3 (75%) |
| Totals | 36,16 (44%) | 29,19 (66%) | 20,19 (95%) | 40,21 (53%) | 26,20 (77%) | 5,3 (60%) | 14,10 (71%) | 85,54 (64%) |

Disclosures: Becker: Sanofi: Research Funding.


The effects of laterally homogeneous mantle electrical conductivity have been included in steady, frozen-flux core surface flow estimation along with refinements in method and weighting. The refined method allows simultaneous solution for both the initial radial geomagnetic field component at the core-mantle boundary and the subadjacent fluid motion; it also features Gauss' method for solving the nonlinear inverse problem associated with steady motional induction. The trade-off between spatial complexity of the derived flows and misfit to the weighted Definitive Geomagnetic Reference Field models is studied for various mantle conductivity profiles. For simple flow and a fixed initial geomagnetic condition a fairly high deep-mantle conductivity performs better than either insulating or weakly conducting profiles; however, a thin, very high conductivity layer at the base of the mantle performs almost as well. Simultaneous solution for both initial geomagnetic field and fluid flow reduces the misfit per degree of freedom even more than does changing the mantle conductivity profile. Moreover, when both core field and flow are estimated, the performance of the solutions and the derived flows become insensitive to the conductivity profile.


higher education (he relies heavily, if briefly, on Stray's immensely useful sociological work on British Classics). Given the large scope the book sets itself, the link of travel writing with the status of classical education and with different genres of academic writing, such as the surge of ethnographic fieldwork from the 1960s onwards, is attractively suggested, rather than treated in great detail. At the other end of the spectrum, Wills does not go so far as to suggest an analysis of the perception of Greece specifically in terms of popular culture, even though this may be a promising line of further inquiry. The way Wills structures his volume is to front-load most of the historical material in two chapters, including a quite loosely ranging survey of earlier traditions of travel writing in the area. The first chapter dips into travel from Byron to the age of the Colonels (although the military dictatorship and its effect on or interaction with travel accounts gets disappointingly short shrift); the second one deals more specifically with British cultural history in direct relation to Greece, ancient and modern (here some comment on, or at least mention of, the rich interaction of the Ionian islands with British culture and its effect on British perceptions would have been welcome), as well as an account of the complexities and paradoxes of Greek nation-building and its interplay of external and internal perception. The challenge here is to condense and select from an enormously wide-ranging amount of material (it should be said that Wills' bibliography is excellent and extensive), and the result resembles at times an intelligently sketched building structure interspersed with spolia that give it an innovative but somewhat uneven appearance. Two more chapters then deal with the material that is also analysed numerically in several appendices. After organizing one section around the sites and monuments the travel accounts focus on, and on the typology of describing them, Wills's second thematic chapter deals with perceptions of the Greek people and their character, contextualizing a range of conventional portrayals and stereotypes, from the Greek as embodiment of antiquity to the Greek as Oriental. A very brief final chapter looks at travel writing after 1975, in particular with an eye to a new set of travellers, the semi-resident, long-term dwellers who in their accounts try to distinguish themselves from the phenomenon of mass tourism. Overall, Wills offers a genuine contribution to the study of Greek travel writing that has either focused on the period before the twentieth century, or has treated travel writing as a largely documentary, factual source. Wills asks challenging and right questions that throughout exceed the scope of a slim volume, but he has laid the groundwork, with both his extensive collection of material and his chosen methodological framework, for exploring further an understudied area of twentieth century British culture.


There have been many articles written about the variety of ways faculty and students define eportfolios, collect artifacts, write reflections, and use finished eportfolios. However, little has been written about the dynamic process of adopting electronic portfolios in schools of education. This study employs cross-case analysis to investigate implementation of electronic portfolio initiatives in seven schools of education. Case analysis shows the most commonly identified purpose for initiating an eportfolio system to be program evaluation for national accreditation. With program evaluation as the eventual goal of eportfolio development, at least eight design steps of an electronic portfolio process were found to be necessary for successful implementation. These steps are discussed and various methods of implementation are described. Case analysis results further suggest that the final step involving data gathering, aggregation and analysis has been most difficult for these schools to implement. None of the schools represented in this study have yet made use the data collected from eportfolios to make data driven decisions about their programs of study. Suggestions are made for further study into the use of eportfolio data for program evaluation, improvement and ongoing development.


Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is a severe, rare, form of chronic pyelonephritis characterized by the destruction of the renal parenchyma and replacement by granulomatous tissue.This disease has been called as the "great imitator" because clinical and radiological findings often mimics other inflammatory or neoplastic renal disorders leading to diagnostic challenge before histopathologic analysis. Herein, we report a case of a 72-years-old woman who presented with a 4-year history of left flank pain with intermittent lumbar purulent discharge. The CT scan findings advocated a pyonephrosis. After a left nephrectomy, the per-operative and macroscopic appearance of the mass was in favor of a renal replacement lipomatosis. Microscopic examination finally revealed the diagnosis of Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. Clinicians, radiologists and pathologists should be aware of this rare "great imitator" entity.


Objectives: This study examines the effectiveness of a novel dissemination and implementation curriculum for prolonged exposure (PE). Predoctoral clinical psychology interns completed a sequential, four-part curriculum that culminated in a community-based practicum during which interns conducted a PE workshop. We hypothesized that workshop participants would report more favorable attitudes regarding PE after completing the intern-led workshop than endorsed at the outset of the workshop. Method: A total of 53 workshop participants attended and completed questionnaires. The majority of workshop participants had a master's-level degree or educational specialist degree (n = 28; 57.1%) and were currently a counselor or psychosocial rehabilitation worker (n = 21; 42.9%). We examined changes between pre- and posttraining time points for five self-report items related to negative attitudes toward PE and three self-report items related to intent to use PE. Results: There was a significant effect of workshop training on four out of five items related to negative attitudes toward PE. The nonsignificant result of the fifth item may be due to a ceiling effect given that baseline scores for this item were very positive. There was a significant effect of workshop training on all three items related to intent to use PE. Conclusions: Results suggested that this sequential four-part curriculum may be an effective way of combining education, training, and dissemination efforts. Future research should examine if similar results can be achieved with a controlled research design and whether outcomes would generalize to actual PE delivery skills in routine clinical care.


AIM:To investigate the effect of human Kv1.5 gene transfection on the proliferation and apoptosis in human airway smooth muscle cells(HASMCs).METHODS:Kv1.5 gene was transiently transfected into HASMCs with Lipofectamine 2000 and the level of Kv1.5 protein was observed by Western blotting.Ca 2+ concentration in HASMCs was investigated by fluorescent quantitation using fluorospectrophotometer.Flow-cytometry,MTT method and TUNEL were used to detect the effects of Kv1.5 gene transfection on proliferation and apoptosis in HASMCs.RESULTS:(1)Western blotting showed that transfection of human Kv1.5 plasmid significantly increased the Kv1.5 protein expression compared to control group(P0.01).(2)There was a decrease in Ca 2+ concentration and the numbers of G_0/G_1 HASMCs in Kv1.5 gene transfection group compared to control group(P0.05).The proliferation rate in Kv1.5 gene transfection group was significantly decreased,and the apoptosis rate in Kv1.5 gene transfection group was significantly increased compared to control group(P0.01).CONCLUSION:Transfection of human Kv1.5 plasmid inhibits proliferation and increases apoptosis in HASMCs,which provides the experimental evidence for investigating the mechanism and treatment of airway remodeling in asthma.


Concern about the umbilical cord care arises when there is delay in the cord separation or cord infection. Greater
percentage reduction in the cord separation time by using sterile water than alcohol has been reported. Randomized
control trial was carried out at postnatal wards of medical college attached hospitals of Udupi district among 80 newborns.
The analysis revealed, no significant difference in the cord separation time, and cord infection rate of newborn umbilical
cord treated with alcohol and sterile water. The cost spent for the alcohol group is three times more than that of sterile water
group. The birth weight, gender of newborn and parity of mother had no effect on the time of separation of the umbilical
cord. Sterile water cleaning is safe and cost effective means of umbilical cord care in term infants.


Expansion valve 100 includes a main body 10, a valve chamber 13 formed inside the body 10, is formed inside the main body 10, a valve seat 14 having an opening (through hole 17a), toward the opening of the valve seat 14 retractably provided Te, a valve body 11 for adjusting the opening of the opening, provided annularly on the outer periphery of the valve body 11, the junction of the conical portion 11b and the cylindrical portion 11a which constitutes the valve member 11 a pressure loss member 12 that is projected by including at least position, in which with a.


We develop an alternative view to the modern finance theory that essentially suggests equilibria in efficient markets by taking a risk-based view of asset returns in stock markets. Based on a mathematical analysis of stock market data using multi-scale approaches, we will alternatively describe markets and factors as trend-based fractal processes and analyze well-known factor premiums, which leads to a return-based view of markets and a model of investors reacting to market environments. We conclude that markets could be viewed alternatively as fractal, non-stationary and, at most, asymptotically efficient.


A wireless refractive index sensor for in-line measurement in liquids was developed. It is based on the Fresnel reflection on a prism–liquid interface, where the critical angle of the totally reflected light in the interface of two media is detected by a charge-coupled device (CCD) array. A LED is used as a light source and a plastic optical fibre, with a well-established numeric aperture, guides the light to the prism interface. Both the LED and the CCD are controlled with a Raspberry Pi 3 Model B board with wireless communication. Resolutions with values lower than 1.0  ×  10−4 RIU can be achieved with this potential low-cost configuration.


The invention discloses a karaoke in-pair singing method based on an internet and a system thereof. A vocal accompaniment user terminal plays instrument accompaniment of a song as well as reverberation and audio mixing processing is carried out on the instrument accompaniment of the song and a part sung by the vocal accompaniment user, so that an audio rack with the instrument accompaniment and the vocal accompaniment of the song is formed; the audio rack with the instrument accompaniment and the vocal accompaniment of the song is forwarded to a chorus user terminal through a transfer server; the chorus user terminal carries out decoding on the audio rack with the instrument accompaniment and the vocal accompaniment of the song, plays the audio track and carries out reverberation and audio mixing processing on the audio rack with the instrument accompaniment and the vocal accompaniment of the song and a part sung by the chorus user, thereby forming an audio rack with the instrument accompaniment, the vocal accompaniment and the chorus of the song; group sending is carried out on the audio rack with the instrument accompaniment, the vocal accompaniment and the chorus of the song to a listening client by a group sending server; and listening is carried out on the client as well as decoding is carried out on the audio rack with the instrument accompaniment, the vocal accompaniment and the chorus of the song to carry out playing. In addition, the invention also discloses a karaoke in-pair singing system based on the internet. According to the invention, an ideal in-pair singing effect can be provided for a user in a complicated environment with a large delay.


Objective:The study was conducted to investigate the anti-metastatic effects of extracts from Saururi Herba(ESH) and its mechanisms.Method:Balb / C Nu mice were used to establish in vivo experimental metastasis model by tail-vein injection;in vitro invasion,in vitro migration and in vitro adhesion assay were performed to determine the effects of ESH on metastatic properties of breast cancer cells;Runx2 transcription factor assay and western blot method were used to detect the effects of ESH on activation of Runx2.Result:ESH exhibited significant suppression on the formation of lung metastatic foci of breast cancer in vivo(P 0.01).Moreover,in vitro adhesion,migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells were inhibited significantly when these cells were incubated with ESH(P 0.01).It was also shown that ESH had suppression activity of Runx2 and expression of p-Runx2 in breast cancer cells.Conclusion:ESH shows significant anti-metastatic properties.The mechanisms of this traditional Chinese medicine may be associated with suppression of Runx2 activation.


The utility model discloses an access confliction disposing method of pseudo asynchronous double port image memory which adopts a confliction disposing method based on task scheduling and opportunelyperforms reasonable distribution scheduling of line scanning operation so as to eliminate the confliction cases radically, thereby ensuring no confliction when operation requests are sent at two ports. In the utility model, the reading or writing operation period of external MPU is divided into two operation areas, in the first operation area a GRAM reading or writing operation performed by the MPU is finished, the second and third operation areas are used to trigger the line scanning request of the GRAM display ports, wherein in the second operation area, the line scanning request is triggered by an inner OSC clock; in the third operation area, the line scanning request is triggered by an external reading or writing operation request, simultaneously the redundancy of both the second operation area and the third operation area is utilized to eliminate the disaster brought by meta-stable effect, thereby improving reliability of the confliction circuit.


Darwin argued that natural selection drives adaptive evolution. Individuals must eat to survive and reproduce. Those best at finding, or at using and digesting, suitable food, generally live longest and produce the most offspring. The environment thus selects successful reproducers, thereby adapting the population to its setting. Population growth creates shortage of resources such as food or nest sites individuals need to survive and multiply. Darwin concluded that such shortages led to "struggle" for needed resources. Life, however, is not all struggle: cooperation is also a necessity of life. How can cooperation arise from struggle? In Evolutionary Constraints, Mark Borrello discusses, in historical context, how VC Wynne-Edwards responded to this question, and the consequences of his response.


The counting of radioactive materials as suspensions in a gel scintillator is described. The radioelements included in the suspended samples are strontium-90--yttrium-90, chlorine-36, sodium-22, barium-133, nickel-63, carbon-14, and hydrogen-3. Factors affecting suspension counting efficiency are discussed and a comparison is made with homogeneous solution counting for some specific cases. (auth)


Pedagogisation is a theoretical construct, an interpretative category, means used by researchers in order to explain certain forms and trends in educational practice. This concept proved to be fruitful in identifying the omnipresent orientation to search for solutions for broader social and economic problems in education. The goal of this paper is critical reconsideration of different meanings of pedagogisation as a possible conceptual framework for understanding modern education, and shedding light on the phenomenon of pedagogisation in the historical and contemporary context. From the perspective of pedagogical historiography, pedagogisation is observed as a kind of dark shadow of modernisation processes in the society and education and the paper discusses two of its poles: 'pedagogisation of childhood world', which assumes observing children's world thorough pedagogical prism, and 'towards school' oriented concept of pedagogisation, manifested through tendency to translate broader social issues in teaching units of formal education. On the other hand, we presented the implications of pedagogisation in contemporary education from the viewpoint of critical pedagogical theory, in which pedagogisation obtained the position of a conceptual framework, which was used to answer the question of what remains behind education when it is relieved of the burden of solving social issues, that is, the always current question of the role of education in society development.


Accordingly, there is provided a portable filter having an interior compartment adapted to receive the capsule. In one embodiment, the upper compartment having a piercing member freely rotatable.


The mechanistic-empirical pavement design guide (MEPDG) includes a software tool to perform the large number of calculations involved in the design of pavement structures. Large number of input parameters from traffic, materials, and climate are required to use MEPDG. Data collection to accomplish calibration and implementation of MEPDG may be done more efficiently focusing on the most sensitive parameters. This research studies the sensitivity of MEPDG to traffic input parameters on two flexible pavements using the techniques for sensitivity of complex computer codes with Latin hypercube sampling, rank transformation, standardised regression coefficients, and Gaussian stochastic models. The results showed that roughness, rutting, and bottom-up cracking as predicted by MEPDG are sensitive to variations of two-way average annual daily traffic (AADT), traffic growth, dual tyre spacing, percent trucks in the design direction, percent of heavy vehicles, traffic wander, and percent of trucks in design lane. Variations of operational speed, average axle width, and mean wheel location showed no significant effects on the same MEPDG outputs. The results of the sensitivity were used to define recommended hierarchical levels for traffic input.


AbstractThis paper comprises the search of the optimal geometric parameters (area and volume) for double-arch dams. The approach is structured in several consecutive stages. The process begins with...


This article discusses the creation of a python module for object-oriented modeling and control design of flexible robots using the transfer matrix method (TMM). The authors overcame several theoretical hurdles to apply the TMM to practical flexible robots and have experimentally validated the python module's modeling capabilities.


AIMS AND METHOD To ascertain attitudes, awareness, knowledge and variations in prescribing
habits of psychiatrists when addressing issues of faith, culture and dietary
requirements (in keeping with the General Medical Council's and the
Royal College of Psychiatrists' guidelines), and how these may affect
the trust in doctor-patient relations. We undertook a cross-sectional postal
survey aimed at clinicians in South West Yorkshire Mental Health Trust. RESULTS We obtained 38 responses (40% of the total number of questionnaires sent
out) from two mailshots. Although the majority of respondents indicated that
they were aware of the presence of potentially forbidden animal-derived
ingredients in medication, only half expressed the view that a discussion
regarding the above should take place prior to prescribing such
medication. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Diversity training combined with taking a genuine interest in
patients' wishes will not only minimise 'mistrust' but also
facilitate prescribing in a therapeutic relationship.


This study is on the architectureal history of process and system of 4 times Dongnae Hyanggyo construction in the late of Chosun Dynasty through researching into the architectural records and historical documents in those days. Dongnae Hyangyo had been built in special matters of Dongnaebu by local sarim under supervision of government officials. These construction had turned out difference and general characters which were about means of finance security, periods of building and using craftmen according as officials's aid and power of sarim in Dongnaebu. This study would be the one of foundation on the local history of architecture in the late of Chosun Dynasty.


The internal and external relationships within the Class Pycnogonida are rationalized based on the entire history of whole-animal understanding, detailed morphometrics, the fossil record, larval structure, mathematical multivariate analyses, and molecular analyses (electrophoretic protein and DNA). The pre-Jurassic fossils are placed in separate orders, with the Lower Silurian Haliestes giving the clearest indications of the form of a hypothetical "protopycnogonid". Living forms, together with some Lower Devonian and the Jurassic fossils, are retained in the Order Pantopoda. No relationships to other Classes of the Arthropoda are yet indicated, and the concept of the Pycnogonida as a sister group to the Euarthropoda is maintained. The Pantopoda are divided into two suborders, isolating the Austrodecidae. The remaining taxa are classified into six superfamilies, on a consensus of overall morphological trends, larval forms, and the findings of the only previous comprehensive morphological multivariate analysis, and recent molecular analyses. The Colossendeidae, Pycnogonidae and Rhynchothoracidae are isolated within their own superfamilies. The Ammotheidae sensu lato is subdivided (within one superfamily), unfortunately leaving a number of genera incertae sedis . The Nymphonidae, Callipallenidae and Pallenopsidae are associated within another superfamily. The Jurassic fossils are placed within the Endeidae within a superfamily together with the Phoxichilidiidae, while some Lower Devonian fossils remain incertae sedis . Diagnoses are given as appropriate where possible.


Background: Maize-wheat is the predominant cropping system of dryland ecology of Jammu region, but due to their comparatively higher input requirements especially of nutrients and water under the fragile ecology of these dry lands an untenable threat has been posed to their factor productivities. Therefore, all cropping sequences that suit and sustain better on the natural resources of the dryland ecosystems for a longer period of time needs to be explored.Methods: The treatments consisted of two oilseeds i.e. mustard) and gobhi sarson and two pulse crops i.e. chickpea and field pea taken during rabi were followed by two oilseed i.e. soybean and sesame and two pulse crops i.e. green gram and black gram grown during kharif. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with four replications.Result: Significantly higher chickpea equivalent yield of green gram was observed with field pea- green gram sequence (10.26 q/ha) which was at par with the chickpea – green gram and field pea - black gram system. The available nitrogen status was significantly influenced and recorded highest (166.82kg/ha) under field pea- green gram system. Further overall nutrient mining by this system was quite low as compared to other systems.


In the pigmented glass Column with its in side diameter is 250mm,there makes characteristics of hydrodynamics and characteristics mass-transfer study on 7mm diameter draining sieve-tray column and compound column with water and air compound of draining sieve-plate which adds to it bottom 20-60 mm height filler.The other is consist of float valve plate and filler.The result of the study shows that compound column has large operating elasticity,little pressure drop,petty quality of foam entertainment,high mass-transfer efficiency.The whole efficiency is as much as high efficiency filler.