The invention relates to a method and a measuring device for the contactless testing of the electromagnetic characteristics of an antenna with the measuring device, wherein the antenna is adapted to form in assembled condition with a chip a transponder for an identification system. The method comprises the steps of: transmitting an electromagnetic measuring field of predetermined frequency by a transmitting antenna of the measuring device, the testing arranged in the measuring field antenna at the predetermined frequency, evaluation of the test result of the antenna by comparison with a reference value. According to the invention the antenna is measured in the non-packaged state.


The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of controlled-release solid oral pharmaceutical formulations of oxcarbazepine, and the pharmaceutical formulations obtainable by said process.


We compute the Rabinowitz Floer homology for a class of non-compact hyperboloids <inline-formula><tex-math id="M1">\begin{document}$ \Sigma\simeq S^{n+k-1}\times\mathbb{R}^{n-k} $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula>. Using an embedding of a compact sphere <inline-formula><tex-math id="M2">\begin{document}$ \Sigma_0\simeq S^{2k-1} $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula> into the hypersurface <inline-formula><tex-math id="M3">\begin{document}$ \Sigma $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula>, we construct a chain map from the Floer complex of <inline-formula><tex-math id="M4">\begin{document}$ \Sigma $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula> to the Floer complex of <inline-formula><tex-math id="M5">\begin{document}$ \Sigma_0 $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula>. In contrast to the compact case, the Rabinowitz Floer homology groups of <inline-formula><tex-math id="M6">\begin{document}$ \Sigma $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula> are both non-zero and not equal to its singular homology. As a consequence, we deduce that the Weinstein Conjecture holds for any strongly tentacular deformation of such a hyperboloid.


This study aims to enhance the propaganda of Eastern Fujian's tourist attractions,to create a new image of Eastern Fujian's tourism and to promote Eastern Fujian's tourism. The approach of systemic science is adopted to construct an integrated tourist site service system with Eastern Fujian's characteristics. We have elaborated on the conceptions,main functions, implementations and methods. The outcome can be of reference value for the informatization of tourism.


Gifford-Smith and Brownell (2003) have provided an extensive critical review of the current state of the art in peer relations research. Their thorough review of the basic research in these areas clearly illustrates the complexity of the task of understanding these aspects of children's social development and how they navigate the interrelated relational ecologies. Our purpose is to extend the discussion by suggesting implications for intervention work and related research.


Based on the conventionally meteorological observation data and the NCEP reanalysis data,a heavy snowstorm process in the last ten-day period of February of 2011 in Tianjin area was diagnosed.This process was under the situation of typical return-flow weather in the north China.The results show that the westerly circulation over the north China is mainly the zonal type during the return-flow snowfall process.Cold air mainly leans to northward,and the main influencing systems are the return-flow cold high in the north China and low pressure inverted trough.At the same time,there exists a thin cold air cushion in return-flow snowfall accompanied by the climbing of warm-wet air that can reach about 650 hPa.During the process of the return-flow snowfall,the southwesterly warm-wet air and northeasterly cold-dry air converges in Tianjin area,and it is the northeast air flow at low or ultra low levels.Ultra low level jet stream and southwest warm-wet air flow appear near 900 hPa and above 700 hPa,respectively.There is the uniform strong ascending motion from the low to high troposphere during the snowfall and the ascending height can reach 200 hPa,which corresponds to the strong low-level and ultra-low-level convergence.The convective instability energy and symmetry instability are strong before snowfall in Tianjin and its surrounding area,which is favorable to the development of convection.


Modern Jewelry Art refers to a form and style,that is,a kind of jewelry art with modern forms and styles which produced by the performance character of the modern art schools in the modern design art movement.Modern jewelry art is characterized by a more pluralistic,and boils down to three,the first:modern conceptual art jewelry;the second:The formal beauty of modern art jewelry;the third:freedom of material and combination.


Sustainable reporting is a modern topic. Nowadays, many organizations strive to achieve sustainable development in their activities, but a relatively small number of them have built systems for reporting and analysing the achieved sustainability. Therefore, reporting and assessment of sustainable development are understood primarily as part of the management process, providing information about the impact that the organization has on the economy, environment, and society. Their combination can help measuring the progress of an organization, setting goals, and outlining areas that will work for its gradual change. Enterprises improve their sustainable reporting through measurement, monitoring and control, showing a positive impact on the socio-economic development of the country and the region. This paper presents some main issues on the topic. The purpose is, on the base of case studies, to characterize and present the sustainable reporting as a challenging practice in Bulgaria.


Background The demand for lactic acid has been increasing considerably because of its use as a monomer for the synthesis of polylactic acid (PLA), which is a promising and environment-friendly alternative to plastics derived from petrochemicals. Optically pure l-lactic acid is essential for polymerization of PLA. The high fermentation cost of l-lactic acid is another limitation for PLA polymers to compete with conventional plastics. Methodology/Principal Findings A Bacillus sp. strain 2–6 for production of l-lactic acid was isolated at 55°C from soil samples. Its thermophilic characteristic made it a good lactic acid producer because optically pure l-lactic acid could be produced by this strain under open condition without sterilization. In 5-liter batch fermentation of Bacillus sp. 2–6, 118.0 g/liter of l-lactic acid with an optical purity of 99.4% was obtained from 121.3 g/liter of glucose. The yield was 97.3% and the average productivity was 4.37 g/liter/h. The maximum l-lactic acid concentration of 182.0 g/liter was obtained from 30-liter fed-batch fermentation with an average productivity of 3.03 g/liter/h and product optical purity of 99.4%. Conclusions/Significance With the newly isolated Bacillus sp. strain 2–6, high concentration of optically pure l-lactic acid could be produced efficiently in open fermentation without sterilization, which would lead to a new cost-effective method for polymer-grade l-lactic acid production from renewable resources.


In 2015, the majority (80%) of the 1.2 million HIV-positive pregnant women globally, most of whom reside in sub-Saharan Africa (91%), received antiretroviral treatment (ART) for the prevention-of- mother-to-child-transmission (PMTCT). The use of Highly Active Antiretroviral Treatment (HAART) during pregnancy improves maternal health, reduces mother-to-child-transmission to L1%, and reduces horizontal HIV-transmission to serodiscordant couples. Consequently, in 2016, WHO recommended that all HIV-positive women of reproductive age initiate lifelong HAART. Despite the benefits of ART, an increasing body of conflicting evidence continue to report high rates of adverse perinatal outcomes in HIV-positive pregnant women, with no clarity on whether this is attributable to HIV-infection, ART or underlying confounding. This thesis explored the association between maternal HIV-infection, ART and perinatal outcomes, using 3 rigorous methods. A systematic review and pairwise meta-analysis showed that ART-naive maternal HIV-infection significantly increased the risk of preterm birth (PTB), low birthweight (LBW), small for gestational age (SGA), and stillbirth. This effect was most prominent in sub-Saharan Africa, it persisted after adjustment for confounders and was directly correlated with the clinical stage of disease. Secondly, a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised control trials showed PI-based HAART and NNRTI-based HAART, both of which are recommended for PMTCT in developed and developing countries, to be the most efficacious ART for PMTCT but also associated with the highest risks of PTB, spontaneous PTB, LBW and very LBW compared to other commonly used ART. Lastly, prospectively collected data on a South African cohort of HIV-negative and HIV- positive women on a predominantly NNRTI-based HAART regimen, with pregnancies dated by early ultrasound (Ll14 weeks gestation), was used to determine the association between HIV/ART and perinatal outcomes in a "real-world" context. The limited power of the study, and high background incidence of adverse perinatal outcomes in HIV-negative women prevented multivariate analyses from detecting an independent association between maternal HIV/ART and PTB, LBW or SGA. The findings of this thesis highlight the importance of recent efforts by national governments and international stakeholders (WHO, USAID, UNAIDS) to accelerate ART coverage in HIV-positive women of reproductive age; however, it also shows that an unintended negative consequence of the current HAART regimens recommended for PMTCT will be a significant increase in the burden of adverse perinatal outcomes that directly contribute to neonatal and under-5 mortality, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa.


Two new pseudoscorpion species, Stenohya dongtianensis sp. nov. and S. jiahensis sp. nov., from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, are described and illustrated. An identification key is provided for all known representatives of the genus Stenohya from China.


Integrated energy distribution system (IEDS) could improve the efficiency of energy utilization and minimize environmental pollution based on the multi-energy coupling link. Firstly, the model of distributed energy station is established; secondly, the optimization model for optimal dispatching of IEDS considering AC power flow of distribution system, gas flow of natural gas distribution network and the distributed energy station is established; thirdly, an optimization method for optimal dispatching of IEDS based on the second-order cone relaxation method is proposed. Finally, case studies are performed on IEDS including the modified IEEE 33-node distribution system, the modified 11-node natural gas system and 5 distributed energy stations to verify the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method.


The perfect combination: The title reaction provides adducts having quaternary carbon centers bearing a fluorine atom with high ee and d.r. values (see scheme). The mechanism and origin of stereoselectivity were elucidated by DFT calculations. The bifunctional mode of the guanidine catalysis was demonstrated in the transition states resulting from the DFT results.


Enhancing the diagnostic ability of Machine Learning models for acceptable prediction in the healthcare community is still a concern. There are critical care disease datasets available online on which researchers have experimented with a different number of instances and features for similar disease prediction. Further, different Machine Learning (ML) models have different preprocessing requirements. Framingham heart disease data is multicollinear and has missing values. Thus, the proposed model aims to explore the differential preprocessing needs of ML models followed by feature selection in consensus with domain experts and feature extraction to resolve multicollinearity issues. Missing values have been imputed differently for each feature. The work also identifies optimal train set size by plotting a learning curve that provides a minimum generalization gap. When testing is done on this hyperparameter tuned model, performance is enhanced with respect to the F score weighted by support and stratification since the data is imbalanced. Experimental results demonstrate improvement in performance metrics, i.e., weighted F score, precision, recall, accuracy up to 3 %, and F1 score by 8 % for Logistic Regression Classifier with the proposed model. Further, the time required for hyperparameter tuning is reduced by 50% for tree-based models, particularly Classification and Regression Tree (CART).


This paper explores the relationship between drinking and public space in early modern Bavaria (Germany) and Bern (Swiss Confederation). Contemporaries drank alcohol mainly on sociable occasions and in public houses. Due both to mounting demand (greater spatial mobility) and to supply (potentially high income for publicans), the number of establishments increased between 1500 and 1800. Most emerged near markets and thoroughfares. Closer analysis reveals the spatial ambiguity of early modern inns, taverns and alehouses. While obliged to grant access to the "public," they were simultaneously "private" households of their keepers. Furthermore, individual rooms were not invariably marked as "public" or "private" but were opened or closed depending on specific occasions. As social sites, public houses became contested spaces, reflecting the conflicting interests of authorities, patrons and publicans. The provision of victuals, sociability and public services helped to stabilize communities, while alcohol-related violence and unrest could challenge the existing order.


Traditionally, the parameters of indoor environment are generally regarded as uniform in the design and regulation of air conditioning, which brings high energy consumption and poor thermal comfort. In order to pursue a more efficient and comfortable environment, there should be further considerations in the study of non-uniform indoor environments. Consequently, personalized ventilation, underfloor air distribution, stratum ventilation, displacement ventilation, stratified air-conditioning system, etc., have been introduced, and the design guidelines, control strategy and energy-saving effect for these non-uniform air distributions have been widely investigated. Obviously, nonuniform air distribution has become an important trend in the creation of an indoor environment. Compared to the research on the specific air distribution, people care more about the general rules of a non-uniform indoor environment, such as parameter distribution, the cooling/heating load and ventilation rate of the non-uniform indoor environment.


High-resolution interferometric observations of the circumstellar environments of AGB stars show a variety of morphologies. Guided by the unusual carbon monoxide line profile of the AGB star EP Aquarii, we have observed its circumstellar environment with ALMA band 6 in cycle 4. We describe the morphological complexity of the CO, SiO, and SO2 molecular emission. The CO emission exhibits the characteristics of a bi-conical wind with a bright nearly face-on spiral feature around the systemic velocity. This is the first convincing detection of a spiral morphology in an O-rich wind. Based on the offsets of the centres of the two bi-conical wind hemispheres, we deduce the position angle of the inclination axis to be ~150° measured anticlockwise from north. Based on the velocity width of the spiral signature, we estimate the inclination angle of the system to be between 4° and 18°. The central emission zone exhibits a morphology that resembles simulations modelling the spiral-inducing wind Roche-lobe overflow mechanism. Though the spiral may be a companion-induced density enhancement in the stellar outflow, the extremely narrow width of the spiral signature in velocity space suggests that it may be a hydrodynamical perturbation in a face-on differentially rotating disk. The SiO emission does not show the spiral, but exhibits a local emission void approximately 0.5″ west of the continuum brightness peak. We hypothesise that this may be a local environment caused by the presence of a stellar companion with a mass of at most 0.1 M⊙, based on its non-detection in the continuum. Finally, the SO2 emission remains confined to a 0.5″ radius, and does not show any obvious substructure, but it exhibits a clear rotation signature. Combined, the properties of the molecular emission favour the face-on rotating disk scenario. We observe unexpectedly large red- and blue-shifted wings in the spectral line of SiO, which could be explained by the potential non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) nature of driven, mixed, partly granular fluids.


Animal cloning is one of the latest and most fascinating modern biotechnological technique with potential applications in biomedical and agricultural fields which include creation of disease models and bioreactors, propagation of elite germplasm of animals, conservation of endangered animal species and for studying early embryonic development. The efficiency of in vitro embryo development is usually low. Various modifications in cloning techniques and composition of embryo culture media have been made with an aim to increase in vitro developmental rates of cloned embryos. Certain supplementations and additions to in vitro maturation media and embryo culture media can potentially increase the efficiency of animal cloning, Trichostatin A being one of such supplements. This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of Trichostatin A supplementation (100nm/ml) in IVC media on in vitro development of cloned sheep embryos. It was observed that TSA significantly (P<0.05) improved cleavage percentage (79.25% v 68.18%). Morula/Blastocyst percentages also were significantly (P<0.05) higher in TSA supplemented IVC medium (56.25% v 48.21%).


Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is widely accepted as an indicator for generalized atherosclerosis. We aimed to quantify the excess mortality risk borne by symptomatic and asymptomatic PAD patien...


Teachers' personality is one of the important factors that influence the development of teachers and students.Based on the researches on teachers' personality about the definition,characteristics and influencing factors,especially on the review of the researches and their abundant results on personality characteristics of excellent teachers,expert teachers and creative teachers,the authors then analyze the problems among the researches,and provide an outlook into the future studies.


We thank Professor Morley's team for a succinct summary (see page 467) of the clinical messages of our paper.1

The crux of the Neopuff safety predicament, as we have reported, is the absence of gas-flow limitation. We do not have faith in the ability of human beings, no matter how much training they have, to avoid potential life threatening errors: we prefer systems controls. One solution to avoid excessive pressures in …


The utility model provides a vibration experiment bench for doubly fed wind turbine generator, which mainly comprises an electric control system for the experiment bench, a servo motor and a doubly fed generator. The servo motor is attached to the doubly fed generator through a gearbox on the side of the servo motor and a gearbox on the side of the generator. The electric control system for the experiment bench comprises a control system, a servo driver, an excitation frequency converter and a data collecting and displaying unit, wherein the servo driver, the frequency converter and the data collecting and displaying unit are all connected to the control system, the servo driver is also connected to the servo motor, the doubly fed generator is connected to the excitation frequency converter on one hand, while connected to the control system through a grid-connected contactor, vibration sensors are provided on the servo motor, the gearbox on the side of the servo motor, the gearbox on the side of the generator, and the doubly fed type generator, the vibration senor is connected to the data collecting and displaying unit through a data collecting unit. The vibration experiment bench has great effect on design and research for the wind power generation control system.


Efficient planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells (PHJ–PSCs) with a structure of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/CH3NH3PbI3/PCBM/Al were fabricated using air-induced high-quality CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite thin films, in which the air-inducing process was controlled with a humidity of ∼40%. The air exposure of CH3NH3PbI3 thin films could dramatically improve their properties with large grains and smooth surface, as well as uniform morphology, resulting in an impressive enhancement in carrier lifetime. The ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results proved that the CH3NH3PbI3 film was n-doped by the absorption of H2O on the surface but was very stable without obvious degradation for 10 days' exposure in air. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PHJ–PSCs with an air exposure process showed a significant increase up to 16.21% as compared to reference PHJ–PSCs with a PCE of 12.02%. The research work demonstrated that an air-exposure process with a suitable humidity could produce high...


Traditional single core sandwich structures consist of two face sheets and one core.With an additional sheet,called internal sheet in this paper,inserted into the core,a two-core sandwich structure was then formed.Two-core sandwich structures with glass fiber/epoxy composite laminated face sheets and a thin internal sheet subjected to low velocity impact were studied,and attention was focused on the contact force responses of the two-core sandwich structures and effects of the locations of the internal sheet and levels of impact energy on the responses of the sandwich structures.A drop test was carried out and the contact force history between the projectile and the sandwich structures was then obtained.The results show that the contact force history of the two-core sandwich structures are affected significantly by the internal face sheet involved and the location of the internal face sheet.


Abstract We give a new and useful approach to study the representations of symmetric Leibniz algebras. Using this approach, we obtain some results on the representations of these algebras.


SummaryRubus spectabilis Pursh. was introduced as a donor of earliness in summer fruiting raspberries. F, hybrids between R. ideaus and R. spectabilis were more or less sterile but flowered very early. Fertility was almost fully restored in the BC[ generation. Some BC, individuals were early summer fruiting while some were early primocane fruiting. Using these as parents, further generations were raised and individuals with cultivar potential have been selected in the BC2 generation. The F, showed resistance to cane diseases and this resistance was largely retained in BC, and BC3 summer fruiting progenies. The two F, individuals used as parents were highly resistant to Phytophthora root rot and ten 2nd or 3rd backcross derivatives of R. spectabilis were moderately resistant.


MOOCs have attracted millions of learners worldwide by providing the public with convenient access to learning and quality educational resources, but the high dropout rate in MOOCs is still an urgent problem. Drawing upon Situation-Organism-Behavior-Consequence framework and interpersonal attraction theory, this study investigates the relationship between instructor attractiveness and MOOC course completion and further analyzes the impact of MOOC course completion on their career development. The results reveal that knowledge attractiveness and communication attractiveness significantly influence learners' thirst for knowledge. Communication attractiveness and physical attractiveness significantly influence learners' parasocial relationships. The thirst for knowledge and parasocial relationships are important antecedents of course completion for in-service learners and in-service learners' completion of MOOC courses positively affects their workplace benefits. The findings provide new perspectives for the research domain of online education.


Colorful phrases and complex jargon embellish their writing. Unresolved problems with great potential, such as an immune reaction in cancer, are espe cially attractive to them. Immunologi cal tests and vaccine and serum treat ments for cancer are the current rage. Back of most flourishing pseudo-sci entists too often are public officials and prominent citizens who provide crucial support to nonsensical schemes, the merits of which they are unqualified to judge. As an example, there are laws permitting pseudo-scientific cultists (chiropractors) to practice in most of our states. Also, special legislation has been enacted giving U. S. citizenship and other special privileges to some of them. Support of various kinds has been provided for such individuals ie peatedly by well-meaning, elected offi cials and citizens. It seems that in some instances, being a successful self-made businessman or an elected official gives an individual such a strong sense of self-sufficiency and so much confidence and independence in his decisions, that he consequently is a dupe for the pseudo-scientist. Meeting a payroll or winning an election is unquestionably a praiseworthy accomplishment, but it does not automatically give one the necessary competence to distinguish between tiue science and pseudo science. Pseudo-science diverts energy and funds from worthwhile causes and in medical pseudo-science there is an added price tag, particularly in cancer —¿ thelives lost and suffering caused by delayed or improper diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, though it is not pleasant and may indeed be even legally dangerous, the scientific community must assume some responsibility for corraling its black sheep and properly guiding the public. Only Science can identify Pseudo-science, eliminating this di'ag on scientific progress. While pseudo-science is as old as sci ence itself, a new upsurge is occurring in the wake of the current scientific boom, A whole series of scientific achievements, making the seemingly impossible possible, has placed the average layman in a position in which he may find it difficult to distinguish between nonsense and sense in science. A simple method of distinguishing pseudo-science from the real thing is greatly needed. Unfortunately, there are no pat formulas. The evidence is often difficult to evaluate, particularly the closer it approaches plausibility. Evaluating the proponent might seem easier, yet this is not the case, because the best measure of a man is the product of his efforts, thus turning the evaluation process back to the evi dence. Though pseudo-scientists range from uneducated persons to brilliant, established scientists who have either entered a field outside their area of competence or have become mentally unbalanced, there are certain common chai'acteristics. They tend to woi-k isolated from their scientific colleagues, avoiding the channels of communication that are so important in scientific work, claim ing that this has been forced upon them by the prejudice of established scien tific groups. They are quick to cite ex amples of scientists of the past who were forced to fight the rigid dogma of the day. Established theories and prominent scientists are targets for their vicious criticism. Scientific data are given a special twist; for example, cigarette smoking does not cause lung cancer—rather, a predisposition to pseudo-sciencé —¿ the bane


One in every sixty-eight children in the United States is affected by autism or another form of developmental disability. For children with autism it is difficult to learn the basic hand movements, which are required for gripping and holding objects of complex shapes. Our goal was to help these children by designing an ergonomic, simple, and easy to use interface that can be used to grasp desired objects of various shapes. This grasper translates a full hand power grip to a more fine-tuned precision grip. The sphere-shaped interface design outperformed all other shapes when used as the ergonomic side to be grasped by the children. Using 3D software modeling, we were further able to fine tune the interface for ease of use, manufacturing, and robustness.


Abstract In this lecture are considered first the nature of visible light and then the anatomy and working of the eye. There follows a brief description of the early processing of the retinal signals and of the subsequent distributed neural processing in the brain. Colour can be measured precisely under strictly defined conditions. Such measurements may be helpful, indeed essential, in manufacturing, but how far they relate to perception conditioned by subjective factors and the subtleties of modern materials is another matter. The lecture acknowledges the special approach of artists to colour and suggests a possible significance to them, of rapidly evolving computer technology.


We study the impact of spin-orbit coupling on the topological band-properties of copper-substituted lead phosphate apatite using a combination of group-theoretical analysis and full-relativistic density-functional theory calculations. We characterize Weyl points at time-reversal invariant momenta and find that a band-inversion due to spin-orbit coupling leads to additional Weyl points close to the Fermi-edge at general momenta. To determine the position of the altogether 66 Weyl points in the Brilouin-zone, we develop an algorithm that follows a Berry-curvature-derived vector field to its monopole: the Weyl point. The emerging surface Fermi-arcs and their spin-polarization reveal avoided crossings and a Fermi-loop detached from the Weyl points.


The Cole-Cole method has been applied for an analysis of the dielectric relaxation data of the natural resin shellac, obtained by Bhattacharya in the temperature range 20–110°C. Three relaxation processes were observed for temperatures 20–60°C. At 70°C, two relaxation processes were noticed, whereas only one was observed by Bhattacharya between 20 and 110°C. The relaxations at 80°C and above represented typical Cole-Cole type. The variation of the static dielectric constant with temperature revealed three distinct slopes, which indicated different phases of the resin during its thermal transition from solid to liquid state. Two "transformation points," around 40 and 70°C were noted, i.e., the glass transition temperature and melting point of the resin, respectively. Significant changes in static dielectric constant, dielectric increment, relaxation time, and Cole-Cole distribution parameter were observed during a rise of temperature from 80 to 110°C. The results of the present study indicate that some rearrangement in the teriary disposition of the resin molecules takes place during the rise of temperature from 20 to 110°C.


knowledge through the scientific process. All scientific observations are, however, prone to bias. One form of bias that is particularly important is a financial conflict of interest (COI). The potential for financial gain can significantly influence how authors present, as well as how readers interpret, scientific data. Although it is not possible to eliminate these biases, it is critically important that such COIs be disclosed so that readers can take them into account when interpreting scientific results. In this article, we review the principles of COI disclosure with regard to scientific publications, and we highlight how our journals manage such COIs. Several recent high-profile examples of nondisclosure of COIs have raised the awareness of how this can inappropriately influence the scientific process [1, 2]. Failure to disclose a relevant COI is a major ethical violation. Most scientific journals, including ours, follow the principles outlined by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) as well as the Committee on Publications Ethics (COPE). The ICMJE defines COIs as "relationships with entities in the bio-medical arena that could be perceived to influence, or that give the appearance of potentially influencing, what you wrote in the submitted work" [3]. The scope of this relationship is quite broad. It includes relationships that are both directly influential, such as consulting income from a company that makes the specific product being studied, as well as more broadly influential, such as companies or other entities that make similar or competing products. For example, if a scientific article is about a particular endoscopic stent, any relationship with the manufacturer of that stent or the manufacturer of competing stents or related devices should be disclosed. Other relevant conflicts of interest include patents or copyrights or other intellectual property related to the product or technique described in the publication, ownership of a company, or significant stock in a company. This may also extend to the spouse of the author. Of note, ownership of general stock funds, such as mutual funds or index funds, is generally not considered a COI because the purchase or sale of individual companies within those funds is outside of the control of the author. The timeframe for inclusion varies somewhat from journal to journal. The ICMJE recommends a timeframe that includes any relationships or anticipated payments within the prior 36 months. The author may not be the direct recipient of funds but should disclose consulting fees, research grants, or funds paid to the individual's institution on their behalf. Other nonfinancial support should also be reported, including the provision of drugs or devices, travel expenses, administrative support, or writing assistance. In the United States, a central reporting system has been developed for this purpose. All medical companies that provide support to physicians are required to report on this Federal website [4]. Although there are known limitations and inaccuracies of these data, the site does provide a central and transparent source of information to crosscheck potential COIs. Our journals routinely crosscheck this website when articles are submitted from U.S.-based authors. This is particularly true for manuscripts that report on a specific company's product. In Ethics in Publication part 3: Conflicts of Interest


Research on practices for improving water quality in channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus ponds was conducted at the Auburn University Fisheries Research Station, Auburn, Alabama, in 1998 and 1999. The objective of this two-year study was to determine better management practices to enhance water quality and improve production efficiency. In the first year, oxidation of bottom soil by drying, tilling, and applying sodium nitrate was performed (dry-till and dry-till with sodium nitrate treatments). The second year, based on the results obtained during the first year, precipitation of phosphorus (P) from water by applying gypsum was compared to the dry-till treatment (dry-till and dry-till with gypsum treatments). Control ponds were not subjected to bottom drying, tilling, sodium nitrate, or gypsum treatment. Channel catfish fingerings were stocked at 15,000/ha. In the first year, water in ponds from dry-till and dry-till with sodium nitrate treatments had lower concentrations (P ) and nitrite () nitrogen (N), total ammonia () nitrogen, total suspended solids and turbidity, and higher values of pH, Secchi disk visibility, total alkalinity, total hardness, and calcium () hardness than water in control ponds. Ponds of the dry-till treatment also had lower concentrations (P 0.05). The findings suggested that drying and tiling pond bosoms between crops could achieve water quality improvement. Applying sodium nitrate to dry, tilled pond bosoms did not provide water quality improvement. In the second year, the treatment with the best results from the first year, dry-till, was compared with a dry-till with gypsum treatment. Enough gypsum was applied to give a total hardness of about 200 mg/L, and gypsum was reapplied as needed to maintain the hardness. Compared to the control, dry-till and dry-till with gypsum treatments had lower concentrations (P -N, and higher concentrations (P , chemical oxygen demand, and total alkalinity than the control. Total fish production and survival rate did not differ (P > 0.05) among the treatments. These findings suggest that drying and tilling pond bosoms between crops and treating low hardness waters with gypsum could achieve water Quality improvement.


The atomic processes which involves in the non-local-thermodynamic-equilibrium(NLTE) rate equations are calculated based on the first order perturbation theory. Various approximations are applied for different processes in order to reduce computer time. Comparisons are made between the present results and those of other calculations for various processes. The accuracy of the present methods is within 30%.


In recent years, there has been a surge of interest in combining statistical and relational learning approaches (Getoor & Taskar, 2007), driven by the realization that many applications require both. Recently, Richardson and Domingos (2006) introduced Markov logic networks (MLNs), a statistical relational language combining first-order logic (Genesereth & Nilsson, 1987) and Markov networks (Pearl, 1988). An MLN consists of weighted first-order logic formulas, viewed as templates for Markov network features. Learning MLN structure is an important but challenging task, and to date only a few approaches have been proposed (Kok & Domingos, 2005; Mihalkova & Mooney, 2007; Biba et al., 2008b; etc.).


Stenachroia elongella is an important pest of maize in Meghalaya, India. To understand the roles of sensory organs in the biological behaviors of this insect, we determined the structure and distribution of sensilla found on the antenna of both male and female S. elongella by scanning electron microscope. The antenna of both sexes is a filiform type, and the overall length of the female antenna is significantly longer than the male antenna. In both sexes, seven types and two subtypes of antennal sensilla are identified; sensilla trichodea, sensilla chaetica, sensilla styloconica, sensilla coeloconica, sensilla auricillica (I, II), sensilla squamiformia and Böhm sensilla. No sexual dimorphism on the specific occurrence of sensilla is observed. Probable functions are discussed based on their external morphology. These results would be helpful for further studies on TEM investigations, electrophysiological recordings, and behavioral studies.


This paper presents the use of satellite data (i.e., Landsat-5 & Landsat-8) to interpret the change of land cover from 1997 to 2020. The study area covers the administrative boundary of Lumajang Regency. The land-cover map of the year 1997 derived from Landsat-5. The Land-cover map of the year 2020 interpreted from Landsat-8. This study uses two methods of image classifications (i.e., unsupervised and supervised). The procedure includes image enhancement, registration, and classification. Then, classification results evaluated by confusion-matrix (overall and kappa accuracy). The supervised classification produces 7 classes of Land cover (i.e., forest, pavement/urban area), paddy field, plantation, rural area, water body and sand mining area. Unsupervised classification produced four 5 class i.e., forest, built-area, paddy field, rural area, and plantation. Supervised classification done the overall and kappa accuracy = 86% and  82%, while unsupervised classification = 73% and 64% for 1997 imagery. Furthermore, for 2020 image, the Supervised classification reaches the overall and kappa accuracy = 93% and  90%, while unsupervised classification done 81% and 72%. The supervised classification method gives a better result than un-supervised. Comparison of 1997 to 2020, it also shows the increase in pavement or build-area, followed by paddy field, rural area, and sand-mining. The change also appears as the decrease in forest and plantation areas.Keywords:   Landsat-5, Landsat-8, Unsupervised, Supervised, Lumajang


Abstract THIS laboratory has been investigating the toxicity of insecticides to the fowl (Herrick and Sherman, 1966; Ross and Sherman, 1960; Sherman and Herrick, 1966, 1969; Sherman and Ross, 1961; Sherman et al., 1963, 1964, 1965, 1967, 1968, 1969). The present report describes the acute and subchronic toxicity of two carbamate insecticides, carbofuran and SD 8530 to the Japanese quail, Coturnix coturnix japonica. MATERIALS AND METHODS Straight-run Japanese quail chicks of the Auburn 571 strain were used throughout this study. The birds were housed in electrically heated battery brooders with raised wire floors and received, from the first day, the UH standard quail ration having the following composition in percentage: corn, 44; soybean meal (44% protein), 35.65; dehydrated alfalfa (20% protein), 3; meat and bone meal (45% protein), 5; tuna meal (55% protein), 5; defluorinated phosphate, 3.5; oyster shell flour, 3; NaCl, 0.25; microingredient mix 0.5; and DL methionine, 0.1. Feed,…


Today's internet based information overload requires more and more islands of reliability. At the best such islands are scientific databases which are carefully administrated.
One example is the Vitis International Variety Catalogue (VIVC) offering genotype specific information of Vitis species, cultivars and breeding lines. The VIVC is like a reference book for research, breeding and viticulture. Since June 2007 the new version of the VIVC is online available encompassing various single field and multi field search options. Data previously available via the VIVC will be adapted to the harmonized OIV descriptor list for grape varieties and Vitis species (2nd edition of the Code OIV, June 2007).


A simple binomial tree model with additional statistical uncertainty in the stock process is considered. The path-wise add-on cost needed for hedging is computed. This is used for evaluating the performance of any initial price with simple methods of stochastic programming.


Background: Individuals with obesity will experience an increase in the angle of calcaneal eversion which has an impact on increasing the workload of the muscles to maintain joint stability, so that tension occurs in the gastrocnemius muscle which affects its extensibility ability. Increasing the angle of calcaneal eversion will cause changes in lumbopelvic alignment so that it can cause low back pain. The aim of the study was to determine the correlation between the angle of calcaneal eversion and gastrocnemius extensibility with nonspecific low back pain in obese women.Methods: This research was a cross sectional analytic study with simple random sampling technique. The number of samples are 78 women aged 36-55 years old. The variables measured were functional pain reduction score in nonspecific low back pain with modified Oswestry disability questionnaire, the angle of calcaneal eversion and gastrocnemius extensibility with goniometer.Results: Our study showed that there was no significant correlation between the angle of calcaneal eversion and gastrocnemius extensibility. However, there was a significant correlation between gastrocnemius extensibility and low back pain at the level of 0.033. In addition, there was a significant correlation between the angle of calcaneal eversion and low back pain at the level of 0,000.Conclusions: There was a significant correlation between the angle of calcaneal eversion and gastrocnemius extensibility with low back pain. However, the angle of calcaneal eversion is not directly related to gastrocnemius extensibility.


Alterations in thrombosis and fibrinolysis comprise important parts of stroke pathophysiology. A key step in the fibrinolytic process includes the tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA)-mediated conversion of the proenzyme plasminogen into the active protease plasmin, which in turn degrades the fibrin structure of intravascular thrombi. There are a number of review articles well summarizing molecular mechanisms of the fibrinolytic system.1,2 Inhibition of the fibrinolytic system may occur at the level of plasminogen activation, mainly by a direct inhibition of tPA by plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) or indirectly by thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor and, at the level of plasmin, by α2-antiplasmin. The roles of these 3 inhibitors are complementary in thrombolysis.3

PAI-1 has become recognized as a central molecule linking pathogenesis and progression of thrombotic vascular events including stroke. As a main endogenous inhibitor of tPA, PAI-1 might be related to reperfusion efficacy and hemorrhagic risk of tPA thrombolytic therapy. Moreover, a clear association has been observed between elevated PAI-1 plasma levels and prothrombotic disease conditions such as hypertension, obesity, insulin resistance, and diabetes.4–7 Clinical and experimental studies show that PAI-1 deficiencies cause accelerated fibrinolysis and bleeding, whereas elevated PAI-1 plasma levels are associated with vascular thrombosis.8 Concentrations of active PAI-1 in newly formed thrombi can be several thousandfold greater than active PAI-1 concentrations in normal plasma9 and thus high enough to inhibit doses of tPA used for clinical thrombolysis. Furthermore, beyond its effects in modulating the activity of tPA and the functionally related urokinase-type plasminogen activator, which predominantly catalyzes plasmin formation in the extravascular space, PAI-1 also plays diverse roles in metabolic and vascular disease and may participate in the evolution of brain damage and recovery after stroke.4 …


For many years, the Jungwirth precast operation has been a customer of Baumgartner Automation, Austria. Just recently, a new order was realized with this supplier. The company located in Gaspoltshofen is well-known not only for its control systems but also as the Austrian agent of Haarup.


Abstract This survey examines consumer satisfaction with the informational value of magazine and television advertising. Three significant conclusions are indicated by the data: (1) consumers are more satisfied with the informational value of magazine advertising than television advertising; (2) blacks are more satisfied with the informational value of both types of advertising than whites; and (3) middle-income are more satisfied with the informational value of both types of advertising than are low - and high-income.


Based on the study of the burning mechanism of the rigid polyurethane foam, the article claims that the fire resistance of the foam can be greatly improved by changing the burning course and heightening the initial combustion temperature. Combined fire resistant with fine insulating property and physical performance as well as fine flame retardant property has been developed.


197 The genus Hygroplasta was described by Meyrick (1925) based on Gelechia spoliatella Walker from India and Sri Lanka, and he included another 3 species in this genus: Hygroplasta lygaea (Meyrick) from Kashmir, H. monodryas Meyrick from India, and H. continctella (Walker) from Sri Lanka. Gozmany (1978) redescribed Hygroplasta lygaea (Meyrick) from Nepal and transferred H. continctella (Walker) to a membership in the Xyloryctidae. The paratype series of all the known 4 species of Hygroplasta in the collections of the National Museum of Natural History (NMNH) provided me with the opportunity to synopsize this genus. In this paper, I redescribed the type species, H. spoliatella, including a description of the male genitalia which has not previously been known, and described a new species from Malaysia. The type specimens are deposited in NMNH , Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.


The utility model relates to a reverse burning medical garbage disposer which solves the problems of simple structure, single function, incomplete burning, poor disinfection and sterilization effect and the like of an existing medical garbage incineration facility. The reverse burning medical garbage disposer comprises an incinerator, a sprayed dust collector, a water supplementing tank, a dehydration disposer, a smoke eliminator and a circulating water tank, a plurality of upper baffles and a plurality of lower baffles are arranged in the sprayed dust collector, spray nozzles connected with the water supplementing tank are arranged among the upper baffles and the lower baffles, a dehydration plate is arranged in the dehydration disposer, and a smoke eliminating plate and a spray nozzle connected with the circulating water tank are arranged in the smoke eliminator. Flue gas generated by incineration sequentially passes the incinerator, the sprayed dust collector, the dehydration disposer and the smoke eliminator by the aid of an exhaust fan and then is discharged after filtered. The reverse burning medical garbage disposer is simple in structure and reasonable in design, medical garbage can be sufficiently burned in a negative-pressure incineration mode, the flue gas generated by incineration is disinfected and sterilized in a multistage manner, and hazardous substances in the flue gas are removed at the utmost.


Wikipedia's success is often attributed to the large numbers of contributors who improve the accuracy, completeness and clarity of articles while reducing bias. However, because of the coordination needed to write an article collaboratively, adding contributors is costly. We examined how the number of editors in Wikipedia and the coordination methods they use affect article quality. We distinguish between explicit coordination, in which editors plan the article through communication, and implicit coordination, in which a subset of editors structure the work by doing the majority of it. Adding more editors to an article improved article quality only when they used appropriate coordination techniques and was harmful when they did not. Implicit coordination through concentrating the work was more helpful when many editors contributed, but explicit coordination through communication was not. Both types of coordination improved quality more when an article was in a formative stage. These results demonstrate the critical importance of coordination in effectively harnessing the "wisdom of the crowd" in online production environments.


Based on in-depth study of the existing data mining and association rule mining algorithms, a new mining algorithm of weighted association rules is proposed. By introducing a support factor of the weighted frequent item sets, a reasonable minimum support is set. The algorithm does not need to repeatedly scan the database in the discovery of frequent item sets, so it greatly reduces the time of input and output, and improves the efficiency of data mining. Keywords-Data mining, Association rules, Apriori algorithm, Frequent item set


Ordinary flexible-chain polymers such as polymethylene and polystyrene may be characterized by the proportionality ofthe mean-square end-to-end distance to the molecular weight (or the number of skeletal bonds) over a wide range in the unperturbed state with vanishing excluded volume effects (1). This property characteristic of the random-flight chain is violated by (static) chain stiffness arising from structural constraints and hindrances to internal rotation. This leads to the definition of semiflexibleor stiff-chain macromolecules in a broad sense (1 , 2); they include not only typical stiff chains such as DNA, a-helical polypeptides, and cellulose derivatives but also short chains of ordinary flexible polymers. The present review is intended to cover various aspects of equilibrium and nonequilibrium properties of such stiff chains without excluded volume in dilute solution. Emphasis is focused on molecular models, theoretical methods, and adaptation to real chains (or determination of model parameters). Among a number of models presented for chain molecules, the rotational isomeric state model (3) can best mimic the equilibrium conformational behavior of real chains of arbitrary length since it takes account of the details of the chain structure. However, for many equilibrium and steady-state transport problems on stiff chains, such details are not amenable to mathematical treatments, and moreover are often unnecessary to consider. Some coarse-graining may then be introduced to replace this discrete chain by continuous models, although the discreteness must be, to some extent, retained in a study of dynamic properties, especially local chain motions. The foremost of these models is the worm-like chain proposed by Kratky & Porod (4) in 1949 and its numerous, subsequent modifications. Those theoretical developments made before the early 1970s


Trademarks have become an important component of industrial property. It concerns both the merchant and the consumer; it distinguishes the goods of the merchant from others, and enables the consumer to distinguish the goods. Due to the effort and money the merchant exerts on the goods bearing his mark to increase their quality and to advertise them, they must be protected, and this is what the laws and regulations in various countries have sought, as they have worked to protect the trademark procedurally, criminally and civilly. Despite the importance of the procedures and their role in protecting the trademark, they did not receive sufficient research, analysis and evaluation. Therefore, the research aims to shed light on the administrative procedures related to the trademark from the time of its registration until its cancellation, by describing these procedures, then analyzing them and then evaluating the extent of its impact on achieving the desired protection. The researcher found that procedures are considered the first line in protecting the trademark, and that the system and its regulations achieve a great deal of it, and recommends setting a specific standard for the meaning of degrading goods or services, and clarifying the procedures and provisions related to mortgaging and seizing the trademark, and re-drafting the law and its executive regulations in a way that achieves this, and makes each of them complement the other without repetition.


The recent outbreak of epidemic disease (COVID-19) has dramatically changed the socio-economic and environmental dynamics of the world. In particular, it affects human movement, travel intentions, and ambient air pollution amid rising stringency measures. Therefore, this study examines the influence of tourism knowledge, environmental vulnerability, and risk knowledge on travelers' intentions in China's tourism industry during COVID-19. To address the study objectives, an online survey questionnaire was created, through which a valid sample of 402 respondents was achieved. The direct and indirect relationship between variables was tested through structural equation modeling, the outcomes confirm that both tourism knowledge and risk knowledge in terms of COVID-19 significantly and negatively define the travelers' intention toward tourism. Moreover, environmental vulnerability moderately affected tourism behavior and augmented with COVID-19 stringency disclosures. The mediating effect of risk perception and attitude towards the relationship between exogenous and endogenous constructs was tested. It shows a significant mediating impact of risk perception, environmental hazards and attitude towards risk on the nexus between tourism knowledge and travelers' intention. The study offers valuable recommendations for policymakers to understand tourist intentions and climate vulnerability.


Low-temperature silver sintering is a lead-free alternative interconnection technology for power modules. In addition to high electrical and thermal conductivity, silver with its moderate homologous temperature in comparison to conventional solder alloys is a promising material for applications with elevated operation temperature (above 130°C). Therefore, investigations of the material behavior of the sintered Ag layer at various temperatures and stress conditions are essential for reliable model-based lifetime predictions. This work focuses on characterization of mechanical and electrical properties of sintered Ag coupons in relationship with their preparation and testing conditions. Simultaneous thermal analysis and residual carbon analysis are executed for the selected Ag-pastes. Dog-bone shaped specimens of Ag-paste were prepared using different sintering temperature (230°C or 300°C), pressure (pressureless or 70MPa), and time (10min, 30min, 60min) after drying at 130°C for an hour under nitrogen flow. For the defined sample series, the thickness of the sintered Ag-layer and the density are quantified using microscopic techniques. Electrical resistivity at room and elevated temperature is measured using the Van-der-Pauw Method. The tensile strength is obtained for 25°C,130°C, and 200°C. Fracture surfaces of fresh and thermal treated (at 250°C) samples are analyzed by scanning electron microscopy.


Swarms of spacecraft are an idea that has been growing in interest in the last few years. This work focuses on the strategies and costs for the maintenance of a swarm of a large number of spacecraft in a close neighborhood (in our case represented by an sphere but any other confining geometry could be considered) for long periods of time. One of the main issues that one encounters when optimizing the sequence of control maneuvers for a large group of spacecraft is the huge number of variables and constraints. Our methodology considers a hierarchical structure that accounts both for collision avoidance and degradation of the con- finement region of the spacecraft swarm. In an strobe way, usually counted in one or few orbital periods, a few spacecraft of the set are selected and a suitable and efficient control procedure is applied to them, assuring this way computational efficiency


Part 1 Defects and plastic deformation in metals and oxides: motion of dislocations - characteristics of high-temperature deformation, S.Takeuchi the behaviour of grain boundaries at high temperatures, Y.Ishida high-temperature deformation of solution-hardened alloys, H.Yoshinaga prediction of long term creep curves, H.Oikawa and K.Maruyama self-diffusion in oxides, K.Ando creep deformation mechanisms in oxides and deformation of spinel ferrites, Y.Okamoto. Part 2 Defects and plastic deformation in minerals: the interaction of water with quartz and its influence in dislocation flow, M.S.Paterson the mechanism of pressure solution during diagenesis, R.Tada cationic diffusion in olivine, M.Morioka the Cottrell atmosphere in olivine, M.Kitamura et al defects and plastic deformation in olivine, S.Karato ice-sheet dynamics and rheology of ice under hydrostatic pressure, S.Mae and N.Azuma. Part 3 Deformation microstructures: preferred orientation, M.Matsuo plastic anisotropy in textured mineral aggregates - theories and geological implications, T.Takeshita preferred orientation of mantle minerals, A.Fujimura dynamic recrystallization of metallic materials, T.Sakai shear zone experiment on quartz aggregate, T.Masuda. Part 4 Flow in the Earth: microstructures of regional metamorphic rocks, M.Toriumi ductile shear zone - microstructure of mylonites, H.Takagi mechanical behaviour of simulated halite shear zones - implications for seismicity along subducting plate boundaries, T.Shimamoto mechanical states of the upper mantle under island arcs inferred from the microstructures of peridotite xenoliths, K.Matsumoto and M.Toriumi seismic anisotropy - mechanisms and tectonic implications, S.Karato.


The purpose of this study was to compare graduate student clinicians' self-reported perceptions of in-person versus telepractice service delivery based on preparation/training, treatment process, client and clinician engagement, data collection, and client progress.

 This study used mixed methodology to answer three research questions: (a) What are the differences between students clinicians' perceptions pre– and post–in-person and telepractice service delivery, (b) What are the differences between student clinicians' views of in-person and telepractice service delivery, and (c) How do changes in the pre- and post-surveys represent the student clinicians' views of in-person versus telepractice service delivery? Graduate students completed pre- and post-surveys and participated in focus groups following 16 weeks of telepractice or in-person service delivery.

 Overall, findings revealed more similarities than differences between telepractice and in-person service delivery based on students' self-report before and after treatment. Similarities included preparation methods, use of evidence-based practice, amount of family involvement, and client progress. Differences included amount of time to prepare for the session, establishing rapport, and collecting data. In the end, participants' self-efficacy and implementation readiness increased for both service delivery models.

 Findings from this study provide a foundation for graduate training by relating telepractice to in-person service delivery models.

 https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.21498636


Chronic and cirrhosis of liver diseases are two of the top ten causes of death in recent years. For all of these diseases there is a common pathologic mechanism that leads to fibrosis. Many studies are being made to find a treatment or amelioration of liver fibrosis drugs. Propolis is a complex mixture of which the main bioactive compound is polyphenolic. Several studies show that propolis has antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activity. Prenylflavanones is main bioactive of Taiwanese green propolis, from which propolins are isolated. In this study, we use propolin G which is isolated from Taiwanese green propolis and Taiwanese green propolis to vestigate the anti liver fibrosis. In liver, active hepatic stellate cells are the key fibrogenic cells, and as liver injury gets worse, α-smooth muscle actin will increase and result to extracellular matrix excessive accumulation leading to fibrosis. In this study, we use rat hepatic stellate HSC-T6 cell lines to investigate how Taiwanese green Taiwanese green propolis and propolin G influences cells. By using TGF-β1, we stimulate cell activation and treat Taiwanese green propolis or propolin G to investigate how possible mechanism of protein presents. The result showed that Taiwanese green propolis or propolin G changed the morphology and reduced α-SMA and collagen presents, and caused growth inhibition of HSC-T6 cell line. Furthermore, Taiwanese green propolis or propolin G induced apoptosis associated protein expression (cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-7) and pJNK activity, but reduced pSmad2/3 expression. Therefore, Taiwanese green propolis and propolin G can induce cell death in activated HSCs through apoptosis to reduce liver fibrosis.


:Artificial neural network(ANN)is a computational model of biological nervous sys tem. The major advantage of this system is that it can process the data having nonlinear behavior and classify appropriately complex and noisy image. The most widely used technique for modify ing the connection weights in ANN is termed error back-propagation,which minimizes the er ror between the output from the network and the desired output using the steepest descent method.However, an ideal modifying rule should also consider the characteristics of spatial cor relation of data. We propose a new modifying rule of the connection weights of network , ESV criteria, which considers both error and semivariogram. The semivariogram expresses the spatial correlation of data by a relationship between the distance of data pair and difference of their values. Typical in terpolation method using the semivariogram is Kriging , a weighting average method. The pro posed method based on the ESV criteria is called Neural Kriging(NK). In order to evaluate the effectiveness of NK , it was applied to a reconstruction problem of a de fined data-distribution model from randomly selected discrete data . Two kinds of model, isotrop ie spherical model and orthogonal anisotropic Gaussian model , were examined. It was revealed that the interpolation errors of NK are smaller than those of ANN and Ordinary Kriging for both models. Therefore, NK is regarded as an interpolation method of high accuracy which can be used for randomly distributed data with any structure of spatial correlation. Furthermore, NK was applied to the distribution analysis of temperature and pH of water sampled from hot springs and geothermal investigation wells in the Hohi area , northeastern Kyushu, Japan. The result made it clear that the trend of their distributions is harmony with the direction of principal fracture system in this area.


This short essay discusses the new Uniform Family Law Arbitration Act, a statutory framework approved by the Uniform Law Commission in 2016 to guide the growing use of contractual arbitration to resolve family law disputes. The essay highlights the main provisions of the UFLAA and explains how the drafters had to take account of the potential impact of the Federal Arbitration Act as well as the parens patriae obligation of the states. The author served as chair of the UFLAA Drafting Committee. The full text of the UFLAA is included at the end of the essay; the full text with commentary is available on the Uniform Law Commission website.


This invention relates to a process of azeotropic distillation to prepare pure alcohols from Com plex organic fractions which are difficult to sepa rate by means of ordinary fractional distillation due to small differences in the boiling points ex isting between the components in the fraction. More particularly the invention relates to a proc ess of azeotropic distillation for separating con plex alcohol mixtures which are difficult to sepa rate by means of ordinary fractional distillation due to small differences in the boiling points of the alcohols in the mixture. The process of separating one component from another component of substantially the same boil ing point contained in a complex organic fraction by azeotropic distillation is well kown. This proc ess consists of distilling the fraction in the pres ence of an extraneous substance which has a preferential affinity for one of the components contained in the fraction thus causing a disturb ance in the vapor pressure equilibrium that for merly existed in the fraction in such a manner that the partial vapor pressure or fugacity of at least one component within the fraction is changed sufficiently to permit its separation by controlled fractional distillation. Such an azeo troping process has found widespread usage in the treatment of hydrocarbon fractions, alcohol ketone mixtures, and the like for the purpose of separating components of one structural type from components of another structural type. In such operation the azeotrope former employed has the effect of increasing the vapor pressure of the components of one structural type in the frac tion, thus permitting their removal from the frac tion as an overhead distillate together with the azeotrope former. In the present description of my invention, the aforesaid type of distillation will hereinafter be referred to as "azeotropic dis-, tillation' and the overhead product or products consisting of the azeotrope former together with the component or components most effected by said azeotrope former will be hereinafter referred to as the "azeotropic distillate' while the residue remaining as bottoms in the azeotropic distilla tion referred to as "azeotropic bottoms.' The process of azeotropic distillation for the separation of compounds within a series of com pounds is of considerable importance. For ex ample, in complex mixtures of alcohols there are, in many cases, alcohols within the mixture hav ing such small boiling point differences that their separation by conventional fractional distillation is extremely difficult. Thus, it is found that the primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols of in 10


The introduction of image-guided surgical navigation (IGSN) has greatly benefited technically demanding surgical procedures by providing real-time support and guidance to the surgeon during surgery. \hi{To develop effective IGSN, a careful selection of the surgical information and the medium to present this information to the surgeon is needed. However, this is not a trivial task due to the broad array of available options.} To address this problem, we have developed an open-source library that facilitates the development of multimodal navigation systems in a wide range of surgical procedures relying on medical imaging data. To provide guidance, our system calculates the minimum distance between the surgical instrument and the anatomy and then presents this information to the user through different mechanisms. The real-time performance of our approach is achieved by calculating Signed Distance Fields at initialization from segmented anatomical volumes. Using this framework, we developed a multimodal surgical navigation system to help surgeons navigate anatomical variability in a skull base surgery simulation environment. Three different feedback modalities were explored: visual, auditory, and haptic. To evaluate the proposed system, a pilot user study was conducted in which four clinicians performed mastoidectomy procedures with and without guidance. Each condition was assessed using objective performance and subjective workload metrics. This pilot user study showed improvements in procedural safety without additional time or workload. These results demonstrate our pipeline's successful use case in the context of mastoidectomy.


In this study, we synthesized a novel N-heteroacene-based liquid material 6,7-bis(3,7,11-trimethyl-1-dodecyloxy)-2,3-difurylquinoxaline (RPNL 1), containing two furan rings. We revealed that RPNL 1 adopted a disordered liquid at 25 ∘ C, determined by polarized optical microscopic observation, differential scanning calorimetry, and X-ray diffraction measurements. The fluorescent spectrum measurement revealed that RPNL 1 showed a blue emission at 25 ∘ C. Dissolving benzene sulfonic acid (BSA) in RPNL 1 brought about dramatic changes in its physical properties, such as emission colors, as well as sample states. Upon recognizing BSA, photoluminescent color was changed into orange, as well as phase transition occurred from liquid to a liquid-crystalline phase. RPNL 1 can function as an acid-recognizing material, accompanied with the color changes in emission.


1. Boghen D. Apraxia of lid opening: a review. Neurology 1997;48: 1491-1494. 2. Krack P, Marion MH. "Apraxia of lid opening," a focal eyelid dystonia: clinical study of 32 patients. Mov Disord 1994;9:610-615. 3. Elston JS. A new variant of blepharospasm. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1992;55:369-371. 4. Sanpei K, Takano H, Igarashi S, Sato T, Oyake M, Sato A, et al. Identification of the spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 gene using a direct identification of repeat expansion and cloning technique. DIRECT. Nat Genet 1996;14:277-284. 5. Onodera O, Idezuka J, Igarashi S, Takiyama Y, Endo K, Takano H, et al. Progressive atrophy of cerebellum and brainstem as a function of age and the size of the expanded CAG repeats in the MJD1 gene in Machado-Joseph disease. Ann Neurol 1998;43:288-96. 6. Cardoso F, Oliveira JT, Puccioni-Sohler M, Lopes-Cendes I. Eyelid dystonia in Machado-Joseph disease. Mov Disord 2000;15:10281029. 7. Yoshikawa K, Matsumoto M, Hamanaka M, Nakagawa M. A case of manganese induced parkinsonism in hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2003;74: 1312-1314. 8. Jankovic J. Searching for a relationship between manganese and welding and Parkinson's disease. Neurology 2005;64:2021-2028. 9. Jankovic J. Apraxia of lid opening. Mov Disord 1995;10:686.


The fundamental role of the cerebellum in motor learning explains the deficits of cerebellar patients in adaptation to a changing environment. For example, lesions to the cerebellar cortex compromise performance during tasks like reaching a target under a force field perturbation. However, the exact relationship between neural damages and misbehaviors still needs to be clarified. To this aim, it could become a turning point to exploit a bio-inspired cerebellar model able to simulate multiple tasks in closed-loop, under physiological and different pathological conditions. In the present study, we used a well-established Spiking Neural Network representing a cerebellar microcomplex to reproduce alterations in a perturbed reaching task, after lesions to the neural population in the cerebellar cortex. Following a multiscale approach, we explored different amounts of damage and analyzed the modified behavior, matching the results of a literature reference study. Then, we could make predictions about the underlying altered neural activity, showing the neural causes of high-level impairments. The results demonstrate the generalization capabilities of the model, extending previous studies on different lesions and tasks. We showed the strong potentialities of computational neuroscience in investigating cerebellar diseases through a non-invasive approach, allowing to isolate damages, test multiple configurations, and suggest treatments thanks to a deeper understanding of pathologies.


The temperature dependence of the X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectra at the Pr L3 edge was measured for the (Pr1 yYy)0:7Ca0:3CoO3 samples (y 1⁄4 0:075 and 0.15), in which a peculiar metal–insulator (MI) transition and a spin-state (SS) transition took place simultaneously at a critical temperature TMI. The valence states of praseodymium ion were determined using the analyses of XANES spectra. The results suggest that the average valence of the praseodymium ion increases below room temperature from the common value 3.0+, undergoes a steepest change at TMI, and reaches finally 3.15+ and 3.27+ at 8K for the y 1⁄4 0:075 and 0.15 samples, respectively. The final valences are consistent with those estimated by the entropy change using the Schottky peak due to the Pr4þ Kramers doublet in the low-temperature specific heat shown in our previous paper [Phys. Rev. B 82 (2010) 165107].


The process vessel off-gases originating in nuclear fuel reprocessing plants are routinely treated to remove excessive radionuclide contents. In the Purex Plant, at Hanford, one of the treatment steps reduces the concentration of {sup 131}I by passing the gas through a heated bed of AgNO{sub 3} coated Berl saddles. The silver reactors for the dissolving vessel off-gas system have proved to be effective traps for iodine under ordinary operating conditions. However, there has been concern about the efficiency of the vessel vent silver reactor, which operates at the comparatively low temperature of 160{degree}C (vs. 190{degree} in the dissolver cells), takes a larger off-gas load than the dissolver reactors, and has a lower concentration of iodine. It has also been suspected that organic iodides, which could be at higher concentration in the vent system, might not be as efficiently trapped in the reactor as inorganic compounds of iodine. Organic iodides have been qualitatively identified in the stack gases of the Hanford and Savannah River Purex plants. These investigations did not include quantitative estimation of the organic iodides. In the present study, the vessel vent off-gas and the material in a spent vessel vent silver reactor were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Twomore » gas sampling devices were used, a cold trap and an activated charcoal adsorber. The purpose of these analyses was to ascertain whether the reactor is trapping iodine, and to discover reasons for failure to trap it. 8 refs., 5 figs., 10 tabs.« less


A new luminescence intensity-based sensor-polymer support system is described. The pH-sensitive element is [Ru(phen)2[phen(OH)2]]2+ or [Ru(Ph2phen)2[phen(OH)2]]2+ (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, Ph2phen = 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline, and phen(OH)2 = 4,7-dihydroxy-1,10-phenanthroline) immobilized on a polymer built from a four-function cyclic methyl siloxane ring polymer having (SiRCH3O)4 units with poly(ethylene oxide) cross-linkers. Hydrophobic binding of the sensor to the polymer is used to avoid the need for covalent chemistry. These sensor systems have a usable sensitivity over the 2−8 pH range, but are most usable in the 2−6 pH range. Response times for thick films (250 μM) are rapid (several minutes).


This research was initiated to bridge the gap by determining the factors that influence the purchase intention health supplement in Malaysia and thus provide insights about the marketing plan to the marketers in the health supplement industry to improve their competitiveness. Questionnaires were distributed to 386 individual by convenience sampling in Malaysia via social media such as Facebook and Whatsapp. Besides, correlation study and multiple regression were applied as the research method. Among five independent variables, only informational influence showed the insignificant result on purchase intention of health supplement in Malaysia, while perceived price showed negative relationship on purchase intention of health supplement in Malaysia.


Co-operative organizations have a unique property and decision rights distribution system that involve management problems and transaction costs. Such structure creates equity rights and risk transfers that directly affect these organizations' self-management efficiency. This paper analyses those costs and sources of inefficiency to explain their problems in two complementary and different ways. First it discusses main governance aspects that generate agency conflicts; second it analyses the characteristics of managerial systems which generate informational asymmetry and monitoring problems. An analysis regarding both property rights distribution among members and decision rights distribution between elected members and hired professional executives indicates that equity rights and risk sharing in co-operative's contractual relations leads to a typology on the kind of governance, the management model and the managerial information system characteristics which could reduce agency problems. The methodology used was theoretical discussion, and comparison of the management models and systems of rural credit and agricultural co-operatives in Brazil. A questionnaire was applied in five co- operatives to compare management models and systems. Our final considerations show that better co-operative's management model organization, as well as management systems, could reduce their agency costs.


Summary The aim of this study was the assessment of pentoxifylline (PTX) effects on female reproductive hormones as well the body and reproductive organs. Sixty white mice with approximately same ages (eight) weeks and body weights were randomly divided into (six.) equal groups 10 mice for each group. Group 1: Received tap water along the period of experiment and considered as a control group. Animals of group 2,3,4,5 and 6 were treated with 16 mg (PTX) / Kg B.W. daily for 2,4,6,8 and 10 weeks respectively. Before and after treatment all animals were weighed, and blood samples were taken for follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), lutenizing hormone (LH) and Estradiol (E2) hormones analysis. After post – Mortem examination reproductive organs were excised and weighed. The experiment revealed that PTX administration caused increase in total body and reproductive organs weights. Concerning the biochemical tests results revealed elevation in concentration of FSH, LH and E2 hormones especially significant (P<0.001) in treated groups of (8 and 10 wks duration). Compaired with another animal groups conclusion. Administration of PTX in low dose for 10 weeks has a significant effect on reproductive hormones. This will influence reproduction and litter size manifested after mating with untreated males.


Calculation of quantitative characteristics of rotating interferometer Michelson-Morley experiment. The objective of the experiment. Confirmation alternate the Lorentz contraction of the interferometer arms as it rotates. Suggested Reviewers: Hag Bad firstname.lastname@example.com Koll Faruh firstname.lastname@example.com Gihr David email@example.com Powered by Editorial Manager® and ProduXion Manager® from Aries Systems Corporation


Intuitive eating (IE) is a pattern of adaptive eating behaviors that consists of four facets: Unconditional Permission to Eat (PERM), Eating for Physical Rather than Emotional Reasons (PHYS), Reliance on Hunger and Satiety Cues (REL), and Body-Food Choice Congruence (CON). The objective of this study was to observe differences in self-reported susceptibility to highly palatable foods between individuals high and low in intuitive eating.

 66 adults (70% female; 77% white; age 46 ± 12; BMI 36.3 ± 6.5 kg/m2) with overweight/obesity enrolled in a behavioral weight loss trial participated in the study. Measures were collected at baseline assessments or at the initial treatment session via self-report scales. Intuitive eating was measured with the Intuitive Eating Scale-2, which includes a total score and four subscale scores: PERM, CON, REL, and PHYS. Food susceptibility was measured with the Power of Food Scale. BMI was objectively measured and calculated as kg/m2. Covariates included age, sex, race, education, and BMI. Individuals were grouped as high IE (≥75th percentile) and low IE (≤25th percentile) for total and subscale scores. Data were analyzed with Analyses of Covariance.

 Overall, high IE individuals displayed less food susceptibility (M = 40.1 ± 12.3) – as observed by lower PFS scores – than low IE individuals (M = 66.1 ± 13.7, F(1,31) = 30.56, P < .001). This pattern was true for three of the four IE subscales: PHYS; Eating for Physical vs. Emotional Reasons (F(1,31) = 7.878, P = .009), REL; Reliance on Hunger and Satiety Cues (F(1,39) = 22.99, P < .001), and CON; Body-Food Choice Congruence (F(1,23) = 6.001, P = .022). However, there were no differences in PFS scores between individuals high (M = 55.82 ± 18.64) and low (M = 51.87 ± 18.90) in Unconditional Permission to Eat (PERM; F(1,21) = .269, P = .610).

 In adults with overweight/obesity, individuals who displayed higher levels of IE generally reported less susceptibility to hyper-palatable foods, which may be congruent with improved health. Upon observation of the IE subscales, this was not true for Unconditional Permission to Eat. Surprisingly, there were no differences in food susceptibility between those who report giving themselves more or less permission to eat freely.

 K23DK103941.


The structure of the PA6/mEPDM/EPDMgMA/organoclay ternary hybrids was characterized and related to its properties. The nanoblends were prepared through four different blending sequences based on one- or two-step processes: (1) The PA6/organoclay nanocomposite was prepared and then mixed with the mEPDM+ EPDMgMA compound; (2) the mEPDM+EPDMgMA+ organoclay compound was first prepared and then mixed with PA6; (3) the PA6, mEPDM, EPDMgMA, and organoclays were blended in one step; and (4) the PA6/mEPDM/EPDMgMA blend was prepared and then mixed with the organoclay. The microscopic study of the nanoblends showed a relationship between the blending sequence and the dispersion of the organoclay and the rubber. Nevertheless, the mechanical characterization showed slight differences bet ween the blending sequence because of the presence of the organoclay in the matrix, rubber, or interface. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008


In this article, the author observes and discusses the questions of national identity in the context of Czech and Slovenian music at the turn of the 19th to the 20th century. The Italian and German influences dominating Slovenian music in the past began from the mid 19th century onward to be replaced by predominantly Czech elements as the consequence of the numerous Czech musical immigration in Slovenia. Many of Czech musicians were naturalized in Slovenia and can therefore be included among Slovenian musicians. Although they actively supported the building of a Slovenian national style, they did not feel the need for the repeated аesthetic evaluation of traditional frames.


Due to its properties porous silicon is a material with high potential to be applied in bio-delivery carriers and biosensors. To enhancement the capacity of porous silicon as biosensor, gold nanoparticles are introduced in its structure. One of the most used methods to obtain porous silicon/Au nanoparticles is metal salt-assisted chemical etching. The high surface of porous silicon matrix and the Au nanoparticles allow the increment of the sensitivity of the biosensor. This structure can be use as platform to got a biogenic amine optic biosensors. This kind of sensors (optic) are based on the changes of the signals related to the reactions between biogenic amines and the recognized element used (diamine oxidase).


Wordsworth (1770-1850) has often been credited for having a vital influence on the English "tradition of environmental consciousness" (Bate 9). While his poems are open to discussion from various critical perspectives, Eco criticism provides the reader with a more comprehensive understanding about the nature of the chosen poem, which focuses on the "three links in Wordsworth's chain: nature, local community, and mankind" (33). The importance of pastoral elements here is owing to the fact that "its long history and cultural ubiquity mean that the pastoral trope must and will remain a key concept for the ecocritics" (Garrard 33). Many ecocritics tend to concentrate on pastoral elements of Michael, when it comes to the examination of the poem more than others. In fact, all the human beings enjoy rural simplicity and pastoral life on the grounds that "pastoralism represents an attempt to compensate for future shock by resort to an ethos of economic and spiritual simplicity that reincarnates the vision of a 'simpler past' " (Buell 330). Likewise, the points dealt with in Wordsworth's poems are less concerned with "sublime scenery" than are related to "everyday occurrences" of the "people who live in harmony with their natural surroundings" (McKusick 25).


I. INTRODUCTIONThe superradiance phenomenon takes place when awave is partially reflected and partially transmitted. Itcan be roughly defined by saying that the reflected parthas a bigger amplitude than the incident one. This phe-nomenon can be possible because energy is being takenfromasourcewhichmightbe,forexample,anelectrostaticfield [1]. It turns out that this phenomenon also occurs onblack hole geometries, particularly on the Kerr metric.However, in this metric the real scalar field presents super-radiance, whereas a fermionic field does not; see for ex-ample Refs. [2,3]. The Ban˜ados, Teitelboim, and Zanelli(BTZ) metric has some similarities with the Kerr metric.Hence it seems natural to investigate what happens inthe BTZ metric regarding superradiance. Apart from theinterest in its own right, superradiance is closely related toquantum effects on black holes, for instance, pair particlecreation.Naively, we could expect that superradiance must occuron the BTZ metric for the scalar field; whereas it must beabsent for the Dirac field. See for example Ref. [4], whereit is argued that superradiance existsin the BTZ black hole(BTZbh) for the scalar field. However, as we will showbelow, there is no superradiance for vanishing boundaryconditions at infinity.The paper is organized as follows: In Sec. II,wegiveasuggestive analysis of superradiance in BTZbh by follow-ing the analysis of superradiance in Kerr given in Ref. [5].With this analysis, no final conclusion about the existenceof superradiance in BTZbh for the real scalar field isreached. So in Sec. III, we analyze superradiance for thissystem and vanishing boundary conditions at infinity byusing the exact solutions of the Klein-Gordon operator inBTZbh. In this section, we conclude that superradiancedoes not exist for these boundary conditions.II. SUPERRADIANCE?Inordertoachieveourgoal,wewillusetheknownexactsolutionsoftheKlein-GordonoperatorintheBTZbh[6,7].Before doing this, we will analyze some properties of theasymptotic solutions of the Klein-Gordon operator whichshed some light on the peculiarities of the problem underconsideration. We will do this by using some techniquesborrowedfromRef.[5].Theanalysisofthissectionreflectshow the author came across the problem of superradiancein BTZbh. That is the reason for the title of this section.This section sets the scene for asking if superradianceexists in BTZbh for the real scalar field. The next sectiongives a definitive answer to this question for one particularchoice of boundary conditions at infinity.We shall assume that the scalar field ' satisfies theequationðr r R m


A study of the foreign policies of North Korea and North Vietnam, even though these countries are within the Communist Party-State system, is not complete unless their policies toward their Southern parts are examined. This paper attempts to suggest a solution for the unification of these two Asian countries whose Northern and Southern halves are more closely integrated with their respective ideological systems than any other country in the world.


The weight hierarchy of a linear [n, k; q] codeC overGF(q) is the sequence (d1,d2, …,dk) wheredr is the size of the smallest support of anr-dimensional subcode ofC. An [n, k; q] code satisfies the chain condition if there exists subcodesD1⊂D2⊂…⊂Dk=C ofC such thatDr has dimensionr and support of sizedr for allr. Further,C satisfies the almost chain condition if it does not satisfy the chain condition, but there exist subcodesDr of dimensionr and support of sizedr for allr such thatD2⊂D3⊂…⊂Dk=C andD1⊂D3. A simple necessary condition for a sequence to be the weight hierarchy of a code satisfying the almost chain condition is given. Further, explicit constructions of such codes are given, showing that in almost all cases, the necessary conditions are also sufficient.


Many gravitational wave (GW) sources in the LISA band are expected to have non-negligible eccentricity. Furthermore, many of them can undergo acceleration because they reside in the presence of a tertiary. Here we develop analytical and numerical methods to quantify how the compact binary's eccentricity enhances the detection of its peculiar acceleration. We show that the general relativistic precession pattern can disentangle the binary's acceleration-induced frequency shift from the chirp-mass-induced frequency shift in GW template fitting, thus relaxing the signal-to-noise ratio requirement for distinguishing the acceleration by a factor of $10\sim100$. Moreover, by adopting the GW templates of the accelerating eccentric compact binaries, we can enhance the acceleration measurement accuracy by a factor of $\sim100$, compared to the zero-eccentricity case, and detect the source's acceleration even if it does not change during the observational time. For example, a stellar-mass binary black hole (BBH) with moderate eccentricity in the LISA band yields an error of the acceleration measurement $\sim10^{-7}m\cdot s^{-2}$ for $\rm{SNR}=20$ and observational time of $4$ yrs. In this example, we can measure the BBHs' peculiar acceleration even when it is $\sim1\rm pc$ away from a $4\times 10^{6}\rm M_{\odot}$ SMBH. Our results highlight the importance of eccentricity to the LISA-band sources and show the necessity of developing GW templates for accelerating eccentric compact binaries.


The Social Psychology of OrganizationsThe Sociology of OrganizationsThe Social Psychology of OrganizationsThe Social Psychology of InequalityThe Organizational Psychology of SportSocial Psychology and OrganizationsThe Social Psychology of OrganizationsThe Social Psychology of ExpertiseThe Psychology of Organizational ChangeBusiness Psychology and Organizational BehaviourPsychology in OrganizationsSocial Psychology and JusticeThe Oxford Handbook of Inter-organizational RelationsThe Psychology of Conflict and Conflict Management in OrganizationsThe social psychology of organizationsGroup PerformanceThe Social Psychology of Change ManagementApplied Social PsychologyThe Social Psychology of Procedural JusticeThe Social Psychology of Prosocial BehaviorThe Social Psychology of ExperienceThe Psychology of Decision MakingSocial Psychology of the Work Organization (RLE: Organizations)Social Psychology of DressThe Psychology of Behaviour at WorkThe Social Psychology of GenderThe Social Psychology of OrganizingGreen OrganizationsThe Social Psychology of Organizations. 2. EdIdentity and the Modern OrganizationApplied Social Psychology and Organizational SettingsGender, Power and OrganizationIndustrial Labour and Politics: the Labour Movement in Eastern Australia, 1900-1921The Social Psychology of OrganizationsOrganizational Psychology of Mergers and AcquisitionsThe Social Psychology of OrganizationsThe Social Psychology of OrganizationsThe Social Psychology of Organizational BehaviorThe New Psychology of LeadershipThe Psychology of Planning in Organizations


This paper proposes network architecture and mechanisms for optical VPN (virtual private network). The authors have already proposed a concept and initial service requirements of optical VPN. This paper further proposes to classify requirements, and proposes network architecture and mechanisms using IP based protocols for optical VPN.


India has the largest concentration of tribal communities after Africa. They are often called autochthonous people. There has been a considerable increase in tribal population from 40.22 million in 1972 to 208.7 million in 2016.  Out of this 28 percent are considered Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups(PVTGs). They are small in groups confined to comprehensive inaccessible areas with perilous living styles. To a larger extent, they have perpetuated their cultural group identity with their typical living condition.  Several factors also have a major influence on the Primitive tribe's household, income, and food security. The literacy level, income, and living conditions of the PVTGs in comparison with others are deteriorating. Hence, TRIFED has made an attempt to ameliorate the tribal's with retail marketing development. Thus, the study has made to examine the factors affecting the particularly vulnerable tribal people's livelihood with special reference to the Nilgiris District of Tamil Nadu by using factor analysis. The study profound that factor analysis imposes reduced poverty  ,enhance House-hold(HH) Income, Benefits of Financial Inclusion and profit on MFP has a significant impact on livelihood of the tribal's.


A large number of packaging wastes have caused serious damage to the environment. Considering the influence of design on the recovery stage in the life cycle of packaging products, the authors proposed Analytic Hierarchy Process-Kano Evaluation (AHP-KE) method for green packaging recycling design. The AHP-KE method include two stages: AHP Hierarchy factors analysis and Kano demand for user satisfaction. Finally, the design evaluation of express packaging products was as an example to verify the effectiveness of the method.


Abstract Photo‐assisted Li–O2 batteries are introduced as a promising strategy for reducing severe overpotential by directly employing photocathodes. Herein, a series of size‐controlled single‐element boron photocatalysts are prepared by the meticulous liquid phase thinning methods by combining probe and water bath sonication, and their bifunctional photocathodes in the photo‐assisted Li–O2 batteries are systematically investigated. The boron‐based Li–O2 batteries have shown incremental round‐trip efficiencies as the sized reduction of boron under illumination. It is noteworthy that the completely amorphous boron nanosheets (B4) photocathode not only delivers an optimizing round‐trip efficiency of 190% on the basis of the ultra‐high discharge voltage (3.55 V) and ultra‐low charge voltage (1.87 V) but also gives a high rate performance and ultralong durability with a round‐trip efficiency of 133% after 100 cycles (200 h) compared with the other‐sized boron photocathodes. This remarkable photoelectric performance of the B4 sample can be attracted to the synergistic effect on the suitable semiconductor property, high conductivity, and strengthened catalytic ability of boron nanosheets coated with ultrathin amorphous boron‐oxides overlayer. This research can open a new avenue to facilitate the rapid development of high‐efficiency photo‐assisted Li–O2 batteries.


A theory is developed of the nonlinear state that is established in a plasma as a result of development of ion-acoustic instability. Account is taken simultaneously of the linear induced scattering of the waves by the ions and of the quasilinear relaxation of the electrons by the ion-acoustic pulsations. The distribution of the ion-acoustic turbulence in frequency and in angle is obtained. An Ohm's law is established and expressions are obtained for the electronic heat flux and for the relaxation time of the electron temperature in a turbulent plasma. Anomalously large absorption and scattering of the electromagnetic waves by the ion-acoustic pulsations is predicted.


Electron beam techniques have been used to examine the topography and composition of sputter craters formed by an indium primary ion beam from a liquid metal ion source during secondary ion mass spectrometric analysis. Secondary electron images in a scanning electron microscope revealed the crater topography but the presence of implanted In from the primary ion beam could not be detected using an energy dispersive x‐ray detector. Auger electron spectroscopy was used to detect the presence of In in the craters, and to establish the qualitative distribution of elements in and around the craters at the surface. Surface contamination of the specimens prevented quantitative interpretation. The total indium concentration distribution across the craters was measured in an electron probe microanalyzer with a crystal spectrometer. The technique can be used to measure total In in the bottom of the crater from which total sputter yield can be obtained.


The paper estimated the size of the shadow bank from the perspective of credit demand by selecting annual data from 1987 to 2012; we constructed index BSSI to monitor the Chinese banking system's impact resistance and stability based on the leading indicators of the banking crisis; it simulated the data,and constructed model to do empirical research between them,drawing that the development of the shadow bank has had a dual impact on the stability of the banking system.