control=6, Acute treated=6, control=6 (red cross is an outlier value). 6796 Effects of acute and chronic dichloroacetate treatment on hyperpolarized C pyruvate metabolism, necrosis and tumor volume in P22 sarcoma bearing BDIX rats Steven Reynolds, Tooba Alizadeh, Stephen Metcalf, Adriana Bucur, Samira Kazan, Becky Bibby, Martyn Paley, and Gillian M Tozer Academic unit of radiology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, United Kingdom, Tumor microcirculation group, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, United Kingdom


The computer has made it possible to scrutinize data rapidly by means of graphics. This should be done prior to the application of any model to the data, since the model must be validated before using it as a means of analyzing the data. The procedure is illustrated in terms of two examples of real experimental data.


Main hypothesis
Traditional agroforestry systems are intensive skilled labor. This explains their resilience and ability to internalize environmental risks and costs.
GIs aim to protect typical food products establishing an exclusive right to use its name and associated reputation. Protection therefore covers
only a single product while productive systems provide several. So, GI aims to value reputation and less to preserve local knowledge that structure the productive system.
So, the question can be reformulated as follows: Can GIs ensure the preservation of traditional production systems?


Abstract : The objectives of the research were to (1) validate enlistment standards against job outcome criteria, (2) compare the average job outcomes of personnel who were below enlistment standards with those of personnel who met standards, and (3) develop background information about job outcome measures. A sample of 71,000 males enlisted during 1976 was extracted from Navy records. They were classified according to membership in five mental level (ML) categories and three educational level categories. A subset of the sample who enlisted erroneously, due to Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery misnoming, were identified and their enlisted performance compared to that of fully qualified enlistees. They were compared on six job outcome and three advancement examination criteria extracted: from Navy records. Study conclusions were: Level of education acquired prior to accession is strongly associated with success. High school graduates have substantially better advancement, attrition and disciplinary records than either non-high school graduates (NHSOs) or individuals with general education development (GED) certificates. GEDs have somewhat better performance than NHSG certificates, but the differences were not that great Personnel in high ML categories had better advancement and attrition records than low ML personnel, however, this may be a function of high ML personnel being assigned to ratings with faster advancement potential. In summary, enlistment standards screen out the least capable as indicated by marked decreases in promotion and retention of individuals unqualified.


Background: Ovarian cancer known as one of the most lethal gynecological malignancies mainly in older women, has been documented to link with chronic inflammation. Objective: This study was aimed to evaluate the combined strategy of glucocorticoid (GC) Fluticasone and beta-2 adrenergic agonist (BAA) Salmeterol on the ovarian inflammatory functions of the laying hen as a model of women ovarian cancer. Methods: White Leghorn hens aged 92 weeks were used for four weeks to be supplemented by individual of GC and BAA administration and their combination at three ratios GC:BAA 1:4 (GC+BAA1), 1:2 (GC+BAA2), and 1:1 (GC+BAA3), and beta blocker (BB) Propranolol. Ovulation rate and follicular growth were determined based on laying frequency and visual evaluation, respectively, the mRNA expressions of follicular beta-2 adrenergic receptor (β2ADR), cyclooxygenases (COX) 1 and 2, and cytokines were measured by real-time PCR. The plasma concentration of ovarian hormones cellular and humoral immune responses were measured via ELISA, neutrophil (heterophil) to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and sheep red blood cell (SRBC) test, respectively. Results: As compared to control, combination groups of GC+BAA1 and 2 brought about a significant decrease in the mRNA expression of β2ADR, COX-2, and cytokines (P< 0.05). The ovulation rate was reduced in all combination ratios (P< 0.05). A significant reduction was observed in the plasma estradiol content on GC+BAA groups (P< 0.05) and the content of progesterone and androgen were statistically similar in some of these groups. Although NLR was similar in GC+BAA2 and 3, these groups had more content in the whole immunoglobulin (Ig) and IgM (P< 0.05). The results indicated that body weight and food consummation were decreased in all of the combination groups (P< 0.05). Conclusion: The GC and BAA combination may result in a significant reduction in some of the boosting factors on ovarian cancer, like ovulation intensity, pro-inflammatory mediators, and some of the ovarian steroid hormones that could define as the therapeutic approaches for the chronic inflammation-based carcinomas like ovarian cancer.


(ProQuest: ... denotes formulae omitted.)Whilst the existence of 'a minor genre' of poems 'arguing against fruition'2 has been acknowledged for several decades,3 that genre (and its complementary antithesis) has received little serious and no comprehensive attention, despite its interest both for scholars concerned with the renewed exploitation of classical texts in the Renaissance and for those concerned with the representation of sexuality in times of uneasily shifting social mores. In both these areas, a clearer understanding can be derived from a comprehensive view of a generic field which has hitherto never been fully mapped.It was Dryden who said of Ben Jonson's relationship to the Ancients that 'you track him every where in their snow';4 in this essay, I shall be tracking the many travellers across the snow of a single first-century Latin text, the 'Fragment' attributed to Petronius Arbiter. I shall explore the shifting sexual politics of this text's intertexts as they represent or re-present their differing sociopolitical contexts and shall also examine the gender role-play of their protagonist voices, both male and female (and neuter). In Boileau's appropriately phallic metaphor for textual imitation, I hope to demonstrate how each contrives 'jouter contre son original'.5The Latin text was first printed in 1579 and fathered upon [Gaius] Petronius Arbiter, courtier of Nero, presumably because of his reputation as author of the Satyricon, first printed (in abridged extracts) in 1482, with further editions in 1499, 1520, 1565 and (in superior texts) 1575 and 1577.6 Amongst other sensationally explicit sexual adventures, Satyricon describes regrettable male sexual inadequacy; the ashamed Encolpius addresses his recalcitrant organ (I quote from William Burnaby's 1694 translation):At what time, raising myself on the Bed, in this or like manner, I reproacht the sullen impotent: With what face can you look up, thou shame of Heaven and Man? that can'st not be seriously mention'd. Have I deserv'd from you, when rais'd within sight of Heavens of Joys, to be struck down to the lowest Hell? To have a scandal fixt on the very prime and vigour of my years, and to be reduc'd to the weakness of an Old Man?, I beseech you, Sir, give me an Epitaph on my departed vigour; tho' in a great heat I had thus said,He still continu'd looking on the ground,Nor more, at this had rais'd his guilty Head,Than th'drooping Poppy on its tender stalk.7This exhortatory form combined with a parallel in Ovid's Elegies 3.7.13-148 to become a conventional trope, with English instances in Nashe's Choise of Valentines, Richard Head's The English Rogue, and 'Imperfect Enjoyment' poems by Etherege, 'Sir C.B.', Mulgrave, Rochester and Aphra Behn.9 Petronius's notoriety as the frankest apologist of unwilling failure of consummation may have made him seem the appropriate candidate for paternity of a fragment celebrating consummation voluntarily eschewed:...Carnal pleasure is brief and nasty, and the thing once done disgusts. So let's not rush blind and headlong at it like beasts on heat, for love flickers, its flame dies down; let's instead play like this endlessly, like this, lying lip to lip. There's no work nor shame in this; pleasure is and was and will long be here, where nothing fails and we are always just beginning. (My translation)The fully inflected Latin text offers us a plural ungendered speaker - 'irruamus iaceamus' (4, 7) - sexual forepleasure is presented as total gender fluidity (like the multiplicitously various couplings of Satyricon) in a timeless present ('sic sic sine fine' [6]) where there is no need to 'carpe diem', because foreplay brings no climax and therefore no Ovidian post-climactic sadness; the poem indeed professes a grammar of eternal delight - 'iuvit, iuvat et iuvabit' (9).The fragment found its first English translator in that dedicated classicist Ben Jonson:10. …


We note, with sadness, the passing of Dr. Janet Taylor Spence and Dr. Donn Byrne, longtime members of the Board of Consulting Editors of  Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal.


The global economy is still being buffeted by the effects of sovereign debt crisis which hit the Euro-zone. The crisis is the result of increasing property prices, credit growth which got translated into a buildup of debt. The after effects of the Euro zone crisis have been felt not only by Euro zone countries but also by developing countries who were trying to put in place the plans to recover through the US Sub-prime crisis of 2007. The European Union has since its inception been a vital economic and trade partner for Asian countries. It has been an important absorbent of exports of Emerging and developing economies (EDEs), and also a key provider of large amount of foreign direct investment and capital flows into the EDEs especially India. Europe and US accounts of a third of India's export. The euro-zone crisis following the global financial crisis will jeopardize the recovery plan and macroeconomic variable of India. The present paper tries to review the underlying causes of the European Sovereign debt crisis and analyses the impact and implications of European crisis for Indian economy.


The establishment and solution of a PnP problem are investigated here,and a vector difference based solution algorithm for linear P5P problem with an un-calibrated camera is proposed.Five control points are divided into collections containing four points of non-planar.According to the process of image formation,the constraint equations are set up between two collections of vector differences of control points.Then, these equations are simplified and determined in terms of linear theory and the orthogonal relation of rotation R.As a result, the analytic solutions of camera pose and intrinsic parameter matrix are obtained via vector cross or inner product operation. Simulated and real experiments illustrate that the proposed algorithm is effective.


In this article, we describe how fermentation of hemp seed proteins leads to formation of peptides that share sequence similarities with human vitamin D-binding protein. We compared the amino acid sequence of edestin, the major hexameric globular protein from hemp protein isolates, with that of human vitamin D-binding protein, and we found significant functional similarities. Among the different peptides formed during the process of fermentation, we identified the peptide VLANAFQ of edestin as a promising candidate showing a high degree of functional similarity as well a common pattern of hydrophobicity with the TPTELAKLVNKRSE peptide that is the active site of human vitamin D-binding protein as far as it immune-stimulating, anti-proliferative and anti-migration properties are concerned.


It is necessary to speak of the ghost, indeed to the ghost and with it, from the moment that no ethics, no politics, whether revolutionary or not, seems possible and thinkable and just that does not recognize in its principle the respect for those others who are no longer or for those others who are not yet there, presently living, whether they are already dead or not yet born. (Derrida, Specters of Marx)


This study explored the perceptions of third year Bachelor of Nursing students regarding their ability to transfer knowledge and skills gained in high fidelity simulation (HFS) to their clinical practice in the workplace. Three focus groups were undertaken with final year students (n=25). Students valued the opportunity to participate in SIMs and expressed a strong desire for more SIM practice. However, they found it extremely difficult to identify learnings that they had applied in their clinical practice. A range of factors that facilitate and/or inhibit learning transfer were identified. Consistent with other literature, the findings highlight that learning transfer is not a straight forward process, particularly when students are in settings that are dissimilar to the HFS scenarios they have experienced. Given the significant take-up of HFS within nursing curricula, there are important implications for scenario design, especially debriefing, and the provision of learning support in the practice environment.


Abstract This study estimates and analyzes the incidence and determinants of energy poverty in Nigeria based on a simple multidimensional energy poverty index that it constructed. It also highlights the implications of energy poverty for sustainable development in Nigeria. The headcount ratio and the logistic regression technique are used. The study utilizes the Nigeria Living Standard Survey data set of 2004, obtained from the National Bureau of Statistics. The estimates show that energy poverty is pervasive in the country; it afflicts over 75 per cent of the population. The determinants of energy poverty in Nigeria include household size; educational level, gender and age of household head; general poverty; region of residence; and proportion of working members in the household. Efforts should be made to adequately tackle the problem of energy poverty in Nigeria. This is a major way to put the country on the path to rapid and sustainable development.


Number of active smokers in Malaysia is increasing despite availability of stop smoking clinics and smoking cessation medications. Other than smokers' level of motivation to quit smoking, competency of the healthcare professionals involved in providing smoking cessation intervention using evidence-based guidelines needs to considered. Hence, knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of the healthcare providers in relation to existing clinical practice guidelines on smoking cessation should be assessed. In this review, we look at the previous available questionnaire, for the purpose of applying it to the context of the Malaysian healthcare providers.


Brown macro-algal species (Seaweeds) biomass was collected and treated mechanically to reduce its size, increase its surface area and to polymerize easily with other polymer in a sheet. Polymerized algal cells in the polymer sheet have many advantages such as facilitate harvesting of the biomass in addition to enhanced heavy metals removal, recover from the industrial wastewater and the possibility to reuse application. Co-polymer-sheet of polyvinyl alcohol/ maleic acid/2- hydroxyethyl methacrylate/ Macroalgal biomass (PVA/ MAA /HEMA/ MacAlg) was successfully polymerized using Gamma ray technique. The prepared copolymer sheets were characterized with FT-IR, SEM, XRD and successfully applied to remove hexavalent chromium (VI) from contaminated water. One Factor at a Time (OFAT) experiments were studied for the polymer algal sheets to get the high and the low level that can further used in the Full Factorial Design optimization method. Chromium removal efficiency of 98.4 % was achieved at a concentration of 100 ppm after 3 h contact time. Isotherm and kinetics have been studied.


The prevalence of incarceration in the United States is increasingly well known. The prevalence of family involvement with child protective services (CPS) is less understood, though, and there is limited research examining links between incarceration and CPS involvement. Here, we describe the incidence and prevalence of incarceration and CPS involvement in the United States and outline reasons that the same individuals and families may be at risk for involvement in both systems. We then use unique longitudinal data from Wisconsin to describe intergenerational and intragenerational overlap in the two systems. Specifically, we calculate (1) the proportion of all CPS-involved children who have an incarcerated parent; (2) the proportion of incarcerated adults who have a CPS-involved child; (3) the proportion of incarcerated young men and women who were involved in the CPS system as adolescents; and (4) the proportion of CPS-involved adolescents who subsequently became incarcerated. We conclude with a discussion of directions for future research and implications for practice and policy.


This thesis is a study about observing the perceived meanings produced by Thai and Indonesian respondents as respondents from different national identities can produce different perceived meanings. The process of analysis is that the writer analysed the differences between Thai and Indonesian respondents' perceived meanings after finding out the perceived meanings from both of the respondents. The writer also analysed how meanings are perceived in Thailand tourism "Pad Thai" video advertisement ased Process of Signification using The Piercean Model as well as denotation and connotation. The study uses descriptive qualitative approach. The writer of this study found out several findings. The finding is that in perceiving, Thai respondents tend to relate the data with their personal experiences based on facts while Indonesians respondents' perception tends to relate their emotion. From this study, the writer believes that the result will help readers understand the influence of national identity in perceiving meanings from an advertisement.


The results of a cross-sectional study of 224 patients, Arkhangelsk residents, with the acute coronary syndrome (ACS) have been presented. Features of the disease course, approaches to treatment and complications in the women with ACS under the age of 55 compared with the men have been analyzed. It has been determined that the women under the age of 55 with ACS both with elevated STsegment and without ST elevation were admitted to hospitals much later. This was caused by inadequate prehospital assessment of the clinical picture and frequent ACS atypical manifestations. In the hospital period, the women showed greater incidence of complications as bleeding (hematoma after lumbar puncture) and acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) (pulmonary congestion, pulmonary edema) compared to the men.


Dear Editors, We read with great interest the editorial written by Testa et al.1 First of all, we would like to thank for their comment about our case as being the first successful uterus transplantation in the history. In this report and previous articles written by our team, we explained in detail the clinical aspects, surgical details and also ethical issues regarding the first successful uterus transplantation.2–4 Moreover, besides reporting the outcome of the first successful uterus transplant, we presented an exit strategy, which was one of the main subjects of the article.2 In our opinion, the technique presented in our case could be an option for recipients with previous miscarriages before performing hysterectomy. Regarding the historical aspects of the procedure, the attempt by Fageeh et al5 should be cited as the first uterus transplant. Although not successful, this case was scientifically published and led a step through the realistic struggle for the following cases. The case performed in 1936 in Germany ended with tragic death of the recipient because of infection caused by rejection of the uterus. As a catastrophic case, this operation had never been published. The preparatory phase of uterus transplant is essential and requires a significant experience including not only animal studies but also complicated transplant surgeries, cadaveric dissections, and detailed knowledge of immunosuppressive agents. Our team involved in composite tissue transplants for more than 2 decades including extremity and face transplants, which all led us to perform the first uterus transplant with success both technically and functionally. Our team also pioneered high variety of composite tissue transplants and also one of the few centers in the world performing research and active surgery including not only uterus but also numerous composite tissue transplants (ie, double hand and face transplants).6,7 We greatly appreciate the scientific work of the Swedish team including studies in animal models but one should not deny the catalyzer effect of the first successful uterus transplant, which promoted the uterus transplant from merely animal models into clinical practice. It took more than 12 years from the beginning of the studies in animal models to the birth of first baby, and in our opinion, our success accelerated the studies of uterus transplantation, which, before our attempt, was only a concept on animal models. After the announcement of the first successful uterus transplant in Turkey in international media, the Swedish team contacted us and requested a visit to our clinic. Ten days after the transplant surgery, we were glad to welcome Swedish team in our clinic in Akdeniz University and they expressed their appreciation about passing one of the milestones of uterus transplant surgery. They noted carefully each and every detail of the surgery, and we were more than welcome to share all our surgical and immunologic experiences (Fig. 1). We were also proud to express that the details of our surgical techniques and immunosuppressive protocol was adapted by Swedish team in their surgeries. Regarding ethical issues, every and each step of the procedures performed was discussed in detail both with the recipient and also with the professional teams including ethical committee, institutional review board, and Turkish Ministry of Health. All fundamentals of clinical ethics, as suggested by Testa et al,1 were fulfilled and clearly shared with all parties. None of the concepts suggested by Testa et al1 were violated including therapeutic misconception, autonomy, informed consent, and nonmaleficence. Indeed, in the course of the follow-up, hysterectomy was presented as a viable option and strongly suggested in order not to expose recipient to nephrotoxic effects of immunosuppression but instead, she opted to continue which should be respected in order not to violate autonomy of the recipient.2 The authors claimed us to take advantage of the recipient's desire to have a baby and to be responsible for therapeutic misconception and also asked us how we properly informed our recipient regarding a procedure that has only been attempted twice before in history, without any success. Depending on these claims, one could also ask the logic, rationale and ethical issues behind the decision to continue after the first 3 failed attempts of Dallas team and also inclusion of 10 recipients instead of one in the trial performed by Swedish team.8 According to Testa et al,1 these could all be examples of violation of nonmaleficence, but actually they are not. Our brave struggle contributed to the development of successful uterus transplants and opened a new era in reproductive medicine. Regarding the number of in vitro fertilisation (IVF) cycles and embryo transfer attempts, scientifically, there is no upper limit of IVF cycles and embryo Transfer (ET) before ceasing these attempts.9–11 Of course, all these depend on the motivation and general health condition of the patient. Similarly, one of the recipients in the first trial of Swedish group experienced 6 miscarriages, we do not know the details of the IVF procedures nor the number of ET attempts.12,13 Moreover, there are also other recipients in Czech group with repeated miscarriages.14 The maximum number of ET that could be performed in case of recurrent IVF failures is obscure. Regarding relatively long period of keeping the graft, the doses of the immunosuppressive drugs used in uterus transplant patients are quite lower than the doses used in other composite tissue transplants. Kidney functions of the recipient were strictly controlled all through the prepregnancy period and in antenatal follow-up as well. It has been more than 11 years since the uterus transplantation of our case but the kidney function (including kidney function test and glomerular filtration rate) were all within normal limits, including the last control. This was the first successful case of uterus transplant without any preceding index case. There are some gray zones that all should be evaluated on patient basis such as inclusion of a


The stability and time dependent motion of a spinning satellite, simulated by a rigid body with a cavity partially filled with liquid is examined. The problem formulation, consisting of the boundary-value problem for the liquid and moment equations for the entire system is presented. Because of large Reynold's numbers involved, viscosity effects are negligible everywhere except for a thin boundary layer near the wetted surface. Using a boundary-layer analysis, the effect of the boundary layer is replaced by modified boundary conditions for the liquid. The solution of the differential equations for the inviscid problem is solved in closed form. A semi-analytical numerical solution of the inviscid equations subject to the viscous boundary condition has proved unsucessful.


The problem of deepen poverty and social exception among European citizens needs to take action by EU and Polish  government to eliminate the process. The European commission has announced the 2010 the European year of fight with poverty and social exception what attracted the EU inhabitants' attention on the problem of poor and expected people. The avoidance of the subject of poverty and social exception will not cause the elimination of the process. Undoubtedly, the chance of life situation improvement of poor and excepted people is the idea of social economy. The activity of social economy subjects produces benefits not only for people directly connected with them but also for all society.  In the strategy of Europe 2020 accepted on 3rd March 2010 the aims has been pointed out for next 10 years, which enable to reduce the problem of poverty and social exception among society. In the preliminary programme starting on 1st July 2011 Polish presidency in the EU council the activity of professional activation and social integration has been foreseen.


When combining contactless power and data transfer, antennas are often placed near magnetic materials with unknown RF properties. While permittivity measurement methods for dielectric materials at RF frequencies are well established, methods for permeability measurement are relatively scarce and often cumbersome. We propose a versatile and easy-to-use method that is applicable to both dielectric and magnetic materials, which uses a coplanar waveguide structure to measure the complex permittivity and permeability in the 1-16 GHz range. We combine the Nicolson-Ross-Weir algorithm with a robust root selection and a conformal mapping method to extract the permittivity and permeability from the measurement data. Moreover, we propose a novel calibration method that uses a single reference dielectric to increase the accuracy of the measured permittivity significantly, even when measuring magnetic materials.


This paper develops a Bayesian MCMC algorithm to estimate a Panel Data Simultaneous Equations model with a dependent categorical variable and selectivity. In contrast with previous Bayesian analysis of selectivity models, the algorithm does not require the observation of some regressors which do not enter into the likelihood function. This makes the algorithm applicable to studies of the labor market where there are typically missing regressors. In addition, the paper provides an scheme to sample the slope parameters using an analytical approximation of the posterior distribution as a proposal density. Estimation with a simulated dataset illustrates the performance of the algorithm.


Gastroschisis is a malformation of the closure of the anterior abdominal wall which has had a growing incidence in recent years. It is a borderline pathology between several specialties such as: obstetrics, neonatology, pediatric surgery, family medicine and requires many resources. In general, the chance of survival of newborns with gastroschisis is high. However, complex cases with complications are more likely to have an unfavorable prognosis. The therapeutic plan should start from the intra-embryonic period, from the time of the ultrasound diagnosis and it should extend over a long period of time, which can vary depending on the case, and on the surgical options. When it comes to the management of the cases, there is no valid protocol for all the cases, and there is a great variability starting with the choice of birth time, birth pathway, the option of reintegrating the intestinal loops and closing the abdominal defect. Because of this, the cases of gastroschisis represent a challenge for modern medicine, when also taking into account the fact that the etiopathogenesis of this malformation is not clearly established and that there is a large variety of therapeutic options.


Tracheal stenosis has numerous possible etiologies, including iatrogenic trauma from an over-inflated endotracheal/tracheostomy tube cuff, malignancy, chronic inflammatory diseases (eg, sarcoidosis), and various collagen vascular diseases (eg, Wegener disease, relapsing polychondritis). If an


Marginal lands are an untapped source of agricultural potential, particularly regarding high‐yielding, low‐input bioenergy crops like Miscanthus × giganteus (Miscanthus). Miscanthus is of specific interest because it can be productive and sequester carbon in soil even under the stressful conditions present on some degraded lands. A key component of these abilities is the interaction of Miscanthus with its soil and root microbiome. Microbial functions depend on the nutrient status of soil, and hence are sensitive to fertilization regimes. Nevertheless, little is known about how fertilization strategies affect the partnership of Miscanthus with its microbial associates. Here, we tested the individual and interactive effects of nutrient addition and bioaugmentation (i.e., the addition of microbial communities) on Miscanthus performance and microbiome function in marginal soil. We found that the effect of nutrient addition on Miscanthus biomass yield depended on nutrient addition type (i.e., organic or inorganic nutrients) and whether bioaugmentation was also applied. Some microbial functions, like free‐living nitrogen fixation and carbon use efficiency, were sensitive to nutrient addition depending on whether bioaugmentation was also applied. On the other hand, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus colonization of roots decreased with fertilization regardless of bioaugmentation. These results imply that managing microbial communities may regulate the effect of nutrient addition on plant–microbe interactions that in part determine system productivity and environmental impact.


The efficacy and dose-response, residual effect, and effect on the fecundity of neem formulations on cabbage aphid Brevicoryne brassicae applied systemically through root tissues of Brussels sprouts (Brassica oleracea), were studied in the greenhouse. Two formulations were tested; NeemAzal granules containing 7% azadirachtin (AZA), at 75, 150, 225 and 300 mg per kilogram of the substrate and a water-based formulation, NeemAzal-T (1% AZA) at 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5 ml/kg of substrate. The efficacy of the neem formulations was dose-dependent, with the highest doses of NeemAzal granules and NeemAzal T, (300 mg and 2.5 ml/kg of substrate) respectively, having up to 0% survival of aphids by 14 days after treatment. The manufacturer's recommended doses, NeemAzal granules at 150 mg and NeemAzal-T at 1 ml/kg of substrate, were used to evaluate the persistence and bioresidual effect of the azadirachtin on cabbage aphid over time. After treatments, plants were infested with one-day-old aphid larvae on the same day (D0), three days (D4) and eight days (D8) after treatment. There was a sharp decrease in persistence with NeemAzal-T when plants were infested 8 days after treatment, and there was no significant difference in the survival of aphids with control plants. However, there were no differences in the survival rate of cabbage aphid larvae if exposed 0, 4 or 8 days after treatment with NeemAzal granules but the survival rate was significantly lower compared to that in the control. The fecundity of aphids decreased significantly after the application of azadirachtin. In conclusion, results show high efficacy of soil-applied NeemAzal against cabbage aphid, with NeemAzal granules, which is a slow-release formulation, giving the longest period of bioactivity hence offering the longest period of protection.


The equilibrium geometries and the vibration frequencies of M 2As - and M 2Br +(M=Cu,Ag,Au)are calculated at the HF and the MP2 levels with pseudopotentials. The calculated results indicate that the species have a bent structure(C 2v ). The electron correlation corrections on the geometrical structure are investigated at the MP2 level, the bond angles are reduced by 10°~20° for considered species. The electron correlation effects on the geometry of the Au 2As - are studied particularly at MP2, MP3, MP4, CCSD and CCSD(T) levels. Comparing the species containing Ag and Au, the relativistic effects slightly short the bond lengths of the species. The bonding possibility of the Au 2As - is predicted.


The invention provides a CBTC (Communications Based Train Control) signal system simulation testing platform, which comprises a signal bus, a simulation vehicle-mounted and simulation vehicle system, a simulation station, a simulation rail side system, a three-dimensional vision system and a testing platform management system, wherein the simulation vehicle-mounted and simulation vehicle system, the simulation station, the simulation rail side system, the three-dimensional vision system and the testing platform management system are mutually connected through the signal bus. By applying the invention, an integral solution including vehicle, scheduling and signal systems can be checked and demonstrated; a signal system can be subjected to function and performance tests indoors, and failure injection conditions which can not be simulated in various sites can be carried out indoors, thus testing means are enriched and safety of the system is improved; and simulation checking under the condition of multiple vehicles can be passed, a method for analyzing the railway operation capability is deeply researched, and the reference is provided for the layout of signal devices.


n her book on children and play, Doris Bergen (1988) calls play "a medium for learning and development." Extending this idea, the humorous repartee of teenagers in a classroom might be seen as a kind of lubricant, not only making class time more enjoyable, but allowing students to play with and try out words and concepts they are studying. A number of researchers have investigated play and developed theories as to why children play. Bergen summarizes theories of play as relating to either arousal seeking or competence seeking: "Arousal-seeking theory explains children's tendency to create interesting and exciting environments through play, and Piagetian theory explains the ways in which children act upon these stimuli through play to achieve knowledge" (15). While these theories were formulated based on obser-


Implementation of the food is a series of activities that constitute a system includes activities or sub-system of budgeting food, planning menus, making estimates of foodstuffs, provision or purchase groceries, reception, storage and distribution of food ingredients, preparation and cooking of food, assessment and distribution food, recording and reporting and evaluation carried out in the framework of the provision of food for the population in the institution. This study aims to determine the relationship of the acceptability of food energy and protein intake in students in the dormitory MAN Model Singkawang. This type of research is observational with cross sectional approach. Sampling using simple random sampling technique to obtain a sample of 48 students. Primary data collected included the acceptability of food, intake of energy and protein intake. While the secondary data includes a general overview of the research and the number of students that will be investigated. The analysis used include univariate and bivariate analysis using chi square test. Based on statistical analysis using chi square test, shows that there is a relationship between the received power of food to energy and protein intake in students in a dormitory MAN Model Singkawang (p <0.05).


Evenly spaced dynamic absorbers are attached to the elastic beam to form the base system with distributed dynamic device, and the mechanical model of the coupling system consisting of Euler beam, absorbers and elastic mounts is established. The force transmission ratio expression of the base system is obtained after the mobility matrix of the substructures is given and the transfer matrices of the base system are derived. The effects of system parameters on the vibration reduction performance of base are discussed in detail. The experimental platform of the base system with the vibration absorbers is built to measure the force transmission ratio of the base after the sensitivity of the resistance strain force transducer is calibrated. Both the numerical and measurement results show that the base system with the distributed dynamic absorbers achieves an excellent vibration attenuation performance in the low frequency range.


A special generic map is a smooth map regarded as a natural generalization of Morse functions with just 2 singular points on homotopy spheres. Canonical projections of unit spheres are simplest examples of such maps and manifolds admitting special generic maps into the plane are completely determined by Saeki in 1993 and ones admitting such maps into general Euclidean spaces are determined under appropriate conditions. Moreover, if the difference of dimensions of source and target manifolds are not so large, then the diffeomorphism types of source manifolds are often limited. These explicit facts make special generic maps attractive objects in the theory of Morse functions and higher dimensional versions and application to algebraic and differentiable topology of manifolds, which is an important study in both singuarity theory of maps and algebraic and differential topology of manifolds.
In this paper, we demonstrate a way of construction of special generic maps into the 3-dimensional Euclidean space. For this, first we prepare maps onto 2-dimensional polyhedra regarded as simplicial maps naturally called pseudo quotient maps, which are generalizations of the quotient maps to the spaces of all the connected components of inverse images, so-called Reeb spaces of original smooth maps, being fundamental and important tools in the studies.
The success of the construction explicitly shows that a class of maps which seems to cover a larger class of source manifolds may not be not so large and that the diffeomorphism types of source manifolds may be restricted as strongly as special generic maps. We also explain differential topological facts and problems related to this.


The article deals with development in marriage and
quasi-marital relationships in the Czech republic. Beside
history and present state of both reality and legal regulation,
it analyses designed law.


To utilize the deformation of the vehicle and the collision objects in the accidents fully,a new vehicle crash ac- cident reconstruction method by means of the finite element method and neural networks techniques is presented.In the present method,the digital measurement technology is adopted to acquire the deformation of key points on the main en- ergy-absorbing parts as the indices to evaluate the accident. And the non-linear explicit finite element code is adopted to simulate the crash accidents in order to acquire the calculation values of these indices.On the basis of the numerical results of the crash accidents,a three-layer recurrent neural network is applied to generate an approximated function of the initial crash parameter and the deformation index.The finite element analy- ses are used to generate the examples for the training and test sets of the neural network.These results could be used to train the neural network by back-propagation learning rule.Applica- tion the present method to one vehicle-to-wall accident,at first, the finite element model of the auto-body,wall and the sur- rounding are finished,then the eleven key points on the frontal longitudinal beam and the mudguard are chosen,reconstruction result are solved by comparing the deformation of measuring in the real accident with the data of the simulation results.It is proved to be effective on analysis of this kind of accidents,and so can provide a scientific foundation for accident judgments.


This paper explores the relationship between aims, objectives, and business (or strategic) goals. In a study in Customer Relationship Management (CRM) we see these ideas as drivers of systems analysis and service management. This paper explores the initiation of a business-to-business relationship between a client wishing to establish a customer help-line, and an outsourced contact centre solution company. The case study has been anonymized to respect client privacy. The study calls for a multi-channel solution (telephony and internet) with print fulfilment, involving data and knowledge management. Operational context This study looks at the outsourcing of a significant portion of a client's business. The resulting business processes spans a number of enterprises including the client and contact organizations, and a print fulfilment house. They are packaged as services that can be exposed to managers, business partners, or indeed customers. Through business process modelling, these services are identified as tangible assets that can be offered for sale and explicitly managed as web-services. Additionally, the solution supports a high degree of collaboration through which internal processes and data (the stuff of workflow) are exposed to the client. The client is able to reconfigure call-scripts and other operational parameters, supporting a high degree of agility in response to the changing needs of the industry. The client is also able to remotely monitor calls and retrieve operational reports online. Initially, we will identify the different participants who may interact with the system. The Client instigates the development of the system that is to be outsourced. For the purposes of this exercise we consider only the briefing function of the client by which up to date information may be uploaded to the system. The Customer is a member of the public who requires help with one of the products covered by the service. Front-line help is provided by the Contact Centre, in the form of either a Bureau Advisor, for simple brochure requests, or by a Dedicated Advisor, who is part of a team that has received advanced product and customer service training, to help with customer queries. There is a i Contact24 Ltd. Deb Cooper Contact24 Ltd 100 Victoria St, Bristol BS1 6HE. firstname.lastname@example.com Steve Battle Hewlett Packard Laboratories Filton Rd, Bristol, BS34 8QZ. email@example.com


In this paper, two kinds of dual-band bandpass fllter (BPF) based on a single square ring resonator are presented, which are realized by loading capacitance or inductive stubs, respectively. Even- odd-mode analysis is applied to explain their model characteristics. One fllter is implemented by loading a pair of capacitance stubs, and both in-band couplings can be tuned in a reasonable range. Another fllter is completed by loading a pair of inductive stubs, and the flrst and second passband center frequencies can be controlled independently. For demonstration, two fllters operating at 2.45/5.25GHz and 2.4/5.25GHz are designed and fabricated. The simulated and measured results show good agreements.


This chapter gives an overview of the research approach adopted in the thesis. It identifies the thesis's epistemology and theoretical perspective. It further looks at the research methodology and the practical approach adopted to achieve objectives two and three. Case study was used as a research strategy as it is distinguished by its ability to investigate the phenomenon of SWM in small hotels from different perspectives and focus on relationships and processes. The chapter explores case study 1 (non-GDES small hotels in a Welsh local authority) and case study 2 (small hotels committed to GDES in Wales) and rationalizes the sampling strategies and the research methods used for collecting the data in each case study. Data was collected using three qualitative research methods: semi-structured interviews, direct observation and document analysis. The chapter then looks at the qualitative analysis techniques which were used for analysing the data. It ends with a discussion of issues related to the validity, reliability, triangulation and generalisation of the results.


Here, we consider the walking gait patterns. And we presented a hybrid model for a passive 2D walker with knees and point feet. The dynamics of this model were fully derived analytically. We have also proposed virtual coupling control laws. The control strategy is formed by taking into account the features of mechanical energy dissipation and restoration. And we also prove some walking rules maybe true.


Utilizing the high index contrast of a deep-etched, non-selectively oxidized AlGaAs/InAlGaAs GRINSCH heterostructure, half-racetrack-ring resonator lasers with peak output powers of 239 mW for a r=25 mum bend radius, and 40 mW for r=8 mum, are demonstrated


The mission statement describes the strategic priorities of a company. It determines the roadmap for strategic decision in the corporation. Research on mission statement elements is an interesting field because it clarifies the strategic priorities of the company. This paper aims to analyze these priorities among 48 large Iranian companies active in four selected industries based on David's (1989) nine-element model. These components include customer, market, general image, product, technology, survival, growth and profitability, philosophy, self-understanding, and employees. The first three components are categorized as external and the remaining ones are grouped as internal components. The sample is drawn from pharmaceuticals, oil and petrochemicals, bank and insurance, and industrial manufacturing sectors. Data was gathered using a checklist based on the aforementioned model to study the mission statements of the selected companies. These mission statements were found on the companies' websites. Exploratory content analysis of mission statements was applied manually. Chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis tests showed that the use of mission statement elements in the companies from each industry group was similar. Elements of market and product are used by majority of the companies. In the service industries with high competition, both internal and external elements are seriously taken into consideration. External elements of customer and public image are not considered by all the studied industries. On the other hand, in all the studied industries, the most important elements were respectively product, survival and growth. However, philosophy and self-concept, which somehow reflect organization identity, are not strongly taken into consideration. Emphasis on the internal element of employee is less in other three industries.


• The Treaty of Versailles unrealistically addressed war reparations, causing a debt spiral between Germany, the Western Allies, and the United States. The German nation felt humiliated by the Treaty's terms. • This contributed significantly to the collapse of the world financial markets and led to an economic catastrophe that spawned a political vacuum which allowed new, more radical-than-traditional politicians to emerge on the world scene. These included such men as Adolf Hitler, Joseph Stalin, Franklin Roosevelt, Hideki Tojo, and Chiang Kai-shek.


In the boundary layer ingesting propulsion system, the compressor suffers from a non-uniform flow field. The compressor operating with distorted inflow continuously results in the loss of aerodynamic performance and stability margin. In this paper, three non-axisymmetric configurations are described for the stator of a transonic compressor to match the non-uniform flow field. The flow fields with distorted inflow at near stall condition are obtained and analyzed, the effects of the prototype stator and the three non-axisymmetric stators on aerodynamic performance are compared in detail. Results show that the non-axisymmetric stator schemes can effectively improve the stability margin of the transonic compressor and the maximum stability margin is relatively increased by 22.3% in all the three non-axisymmetric stators. The non-axisymmetric stator design is effective on decreasing the aerodynamic losses and improving the performance of the compressor operating with distorted inflow. Overall, the results show that in the design of the non-axisymmetric stator, the adoption of a curved-twisted blade and the increase of cascade solidity have the potential to reduce loss sources caused by distorted inflow.


Identifying optimal ways of organizing exploration in particle physics
 mega-labs is a challenging task that requires a combination of case-based
 and formal epistemic approaches. Data-driven studies suggest that projects
 pursued by smaller master-teams (fewer members, fewer sub-teams) are
 substantially more efficient than larger ones across sciences, including
 experimental particle physics. Smaller teams also seem to make better
 project choices than larger, centralized teams. Yet the epistemic
 requirement of small, decentralized, and diverse teams contradicts the often
 emphasized and allegedly inescapable logic of discovery that forces
 physicists pursuing the fundamental levels of the physical world to perform
 centralized experiments in mega-labs at high energies. We explain, however,
 that this epistemic requirement could be met, since the nature of
 theoretical and physical constraints in high energy physics and the
 technological obstacles stemming from them turn out to be surprisingly
 open-ended.


An estimated two ribonucleotides (rNMPs) per kilobase are mis‐incorporated into DNA due to high ratios of rNTP/dNTP pools in vivo, placing rNMPs as the most frequent source of DNA damage to date (Williams and Kunkel, 2014). The main pathway for rNMPs removal is the RNaseH2‐dependent pathway. When RNaseH2 is deleted in yeast, a specific topoisomerase I (Top1)‐dependent mutator effect develops: accumulation of short deletions within tandem repeats at genomic ribonucleotide sites generated by Top1 (Kim et al., 2011). We will discuss how ribonucleotide misincorporations induce replication stress and hyper‐recombination phenotype, which are alleviated upon deletion of the Top1 gene. On the other hand, ribonucleotide misincorporation is aggravated by inactivation of homologous repair (HR) in yeast strains. These in vivo data suggest that HR is important in the repair of Top1‐induced DNA damage in the presence of high levels of rNMPs. Using oligonucleotides with rNMPs incorporated at different positions, we show that Top1 can generate frequent DNA nicks with 3′ blocking ends (2′,3′‐cyclophosphates). In addition, we will demonstrate how a single rNMP is sufficient to generate recombination products and double‐strand breaks, a potential source of replication stress in vivo. Finally, we will show that faulty religation by Top1 generated 2‐nucleotide deletion, and the deletion products no longer contained rNMPs. Together these findings demonstrate the potential danger of Top1 activity at ribonucleotide misincorporation sites


The Ayurvedic concept of Agni is critically important to overall health. Agni is the force of intelligence within each cell, each tissue and each system within the body. Ayurveda identifies a vat range of functions for which Agni is directly responsible, but it also teaches us that impaired Agni is the root of the Diseases. Agni is responsible for proper digestion. Diseases are primarily because of weak digestive power (Agni).A defective Agni leads to the development of toxins or undigested part which when circulates in the body give rise to various diseases.According to nature and effects, Ayurvedacharyastandardiz Agni is in four groups .i.e. Samangni , Vishamagni, Tikshnagi, Manadagni. Samagni is healthy condition of Agni. Rest of three considered as "Agnivikruti".We can't determine the nature of health without accounting the Agni. Depending on the chief site of action it divided in to Jatharagni, Bhutagni andDhatwagni.


A multi-wavelength expert-system pyrometer based on a grating spectrophotometer has been able to overcome many well-known difficulties of pyrometry. These include unknown, changing, and/or spectral dependence of emissivity as well as environmental absorption of radiation. In addition to a spectrophotometer and the usual optics, the instrument includes a computer which analyzes each measurement and then returns the temperature, the tolerance (a real-time measure of accuracy), and the signal strength (a quantity directly related to the emissivity at a chosen wavelength). The instrument can save the input data, the thermal spectrum, for each temperature measurement. Accuracy to 0.10% is routinely achieved.


U.v. irradiation of methyl 6-deoxy-2,3-O-isopropylidene-α-L-lyxo-hexopyranosid-4-ulose (1) in various solvents has been found to give carbon monoxide and the furanosides (2) and (3). The ring contraction occurs stereoselectively, affording the 5-deoxyriboside (3) as the major product. The predominance of a decarbonylation reaction in solution has been ascribed to the ease of formation of a biradical (7) which arises from the stabilising influence of the oxygen atoms.In t-butyl alcohol, diastereoisomeric esters are also formed, to a small extent; their structures [(4) and (4′)] suggest that the initial α cleavage occurs preferentially between C-3 and C-4 rather than between C-4 and C-5.


To the Editor–We thank Drs Kennelly and Winter for their thoughtful comments on our article. holm described 3 types of abdominoperineal resection (aPR) in relation to the perineal approach and the extent of dissection, the intersphincteric aPR, the extralevator abdominoperineal excision (elaPe), and the ischioanal aPR. the indications for elaPe were tumor extending <1 cm from dentate line and tumor threatening circumferential resection margin (CRm). We never stated that elaPe, introduced by holm et al, was an operation for all patients with rectal cancer, as Kennelly and Winter described. for low advanced rectal cancer, we supposed that the elaPe technique might be performed according to individual conditions. this individual elaPe might be as effective as full elaPe, while minimizing the operative trauma and the damage to the nerves of the genital organs. We agree that the majority of perforations and involved margins occurred anteriorly in patients with advanced anterior tumors. all of the CRm involvements were also located anteriorly in our study. We suggested that proper preoperative staging with mRi and extended anterior resection could reduce the rate of CRm involvement. We did not find the unacceptable high initial CRm positivity rates in the report of european extralevator abdominoperineal excision study Group, as described by Kennelly and Winter. Rather, among the surgeons who switched from conventional aPR to the elaPe technique during the study period, the rate of CRm involvement and the intraoperative perforation rate decreased significantly. elaPe indeed increases the cost associated with the large pelvic defect, requiring either a muscle graft or a biologic mesh for construction. however, there was evidence to suggest that biologic mesh, which was also used in our study, offers a significant cost saving, mostly attributable to a reduction in hospital length of stay and low morbidity. in our opinion, elaPe is an easier operation, with biologic mesh reconstructing the pelvic floor. We disagree that "this results in a much longer operation." this statement was also not supported in the meta-analysis reviewed by Yu et al, who suggested that there was no significant difference between elaPe and abdominoperineal excision in operating time. several meta-analyses demonstrated similar incidence of postoperative complication attributed to conventional aPR and elaPe. several studies reported that elaPe did not improve rates of CRm involvement, intraoperative tumor perforation, or local recurrence or mortality. there are several possible reasons for these results. first, surgeons might use the principles of elaPe to perform the so-called conventional aPR. for example, wide excision of the anus and distal rectum was performed during the perineal approach for conventional aPR, and the details of the levator muscle were not mentioned. second, tumors located above the levator muscles might be included in some studies. it would be most interesting to know the results of elaPe for those tumors that lie no more than 5 to 6 cm from the anal verge. finally, there might be no difference for conventional aPR or elaPe to treat t2 tumors or anterior t4 tumors. aPR technique has been an existing technique for more than 100 years and total mesorectal excision for 30 years. elaPe has only been available for less than 10 years, so continued long-term follow-up and larger sample size will be necessary to evaluate the true outcomes of the technique, and standardization and individualization are essential and urgent in the future.


This paper employs a comparative study as a tool for better understanding of higher-education governance systems. The author presents a comprehensive study on the historical development of public higher education with the purpose of gaining an insight of the current governance systems of higher education in both the State of Illinois and Thailand.


Elwyn Tudor Jones was a GP in rural north Wales for 30 years. During this time, while remaining what might be regarded as a traditional, "old-fashioned" practitioner, who knew his families and whose interests were always paramount, he oversaw the transition locally from the legacy of two singlehanded practices to a modern multipartnered dispensing practice housed in purpose built premises. He always maintained a progressive attitude, embraced modern technology, and was keen on training young doctors.

He was born in Bethesda, north Wales, in the heart of the Welsh slate mining industry, the second of three children (his older brother died in infancy) to William, who was a slate miner who had silicosis and was forced to retire early although he lived to the age of 73, and Olwen. Tudor was a staunch Welshman who spoke the language fluently (it was his first language) and conducted three quarters of his practice in Welsh. While doing his national service, he announced that he was taking the day off to celebrate St David's Day, despite being told by his adjutant that this was not possible. He was a keen Welsh rugby supporter. He didn't learn English until the age of …


This review explores the body of scientific information available on the antimicrobial properties of essential oils against pathogens responsible for respiratory infections and critically compares this to what is recommended in the Layman's aroma‐therapeutic literature. Essential oils are predominantly indicated for the treatment of respiratory infections caused by bacteria or viruses (total 79.0 %), the efficacy of which has not been confirmed through clinical trials. When used in combination, they are often blended for presumed holistic synergistic effects. Of the essential oils recommended, all show some degree of antioxidant activity, 50.0 % demonstrate anti‐inflammatory effects and 83.3 % of the essential oils showed antihistaminic activity. Of the essential oils reviewed, 43.8 % are considered non‐toxic while the remaining essential oils are considered slightly to moderately toxic (43.7 %) or the toxicity is unknown (12.5 %). Recommendations are made for further research into essential oil combinations.


The identification of genome rearrangements is of direct relevance for understanding their potential impacts on evolution and disease. However, available methods that detect or visualize rearrangements from deviations in gene order do not map them onto a genome of interest, complicating downstream analysis. In this work, we present rearrvisr, an R package that implements a novel algorithm for the identification and classification of rearrangements. In contrast to other software, it projects rearrangements onto a single genome, facilitating the localization of rearranged regions and estimation of their extent. We show that our tool achieves high precision and recall scores on simulated data, and illustrate the utility of our method by applying it to a data set generated from publicly available Drosophila genomes. The package is freely available from GitHub (https://github.com/dorolin/rearrvisr) and can be installed directly from R.


Integrated metabolic engineering approaches combining system and synthetic biology tools allow the efficient designing of microbial cell factories to synthesize high-value products. In the present study, in silico design algorithms were used on the latest yeast genome-scale model 8.5.0 to predict potential genomic modifications that could enhance the production of early-step Taxol® in previously engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. The solution set containing genomic modification candidates was narrowed down by employing the COnstraints Based Reconstruction and Analysis (COBRA) methods. 17 genomic modifications consisting of nine gene deletions and eight gene overexpression were screened using wet-lab studies to determine whether these modifications can increase the production yield of taxadiene, the first metabolite in the Taxol® through the mevalonate pathway. Depending on the cultivation condition, most of the single genomic modifications resulted in higher taxadiene production. The best-performing strain, named KM32, contained four overexpressed genes, ILV2, TRR1, ADE13 and ECM31, from the branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis, thioredoxin system, de novo purine synthesis, and the pantothenate pathway, respectively. Using KM32, taxadiene production was increased by 50%, reaching 215 mg/L of taxadiene. The engineered strain also produced 43.65 mg/L of taxa-4(20),11-dien-5α-ol (T5α-ol), and 26.2 mg/L of taxa-4(20),11-dien-5-α-yl acetate (T5αAc) which are the highest productions of these early-step Taxol® metabolites reported until now in S. cerevisiae. The findings of this study highlight that the use of computational and integrated approaches can ensure determining promising modifications that are difficult to estimate intuitively to develop yeast cell factories.


a new type of oil pipe inspection robot will be presented and the structure and function movement of which will be described in this paper, what's more, the obstacle avoidance control system of the robot will be researched in the paper according to the technological problems of the inspection robot in oil pipeline. The results of the simulation experiment in VC++ environment show that the obstacle avoidance control technology has good real-time, robustness and flexibility and the disadvantage that the environment model is difficult to be established in traditional strategy of obstacle avoidance control can be overcome with the strategy of avoiding obstruction of fuzzy control.


In this paper, the focus is on optimal sensor placement and power rating selection for parameter estimation in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). We take into account the amount of energy harvested by the sensing nodes, communication link quality, and the observation accuracy at the sensor level. In particular, the aim is to reconstruct the estimation parameter with minimum error at a fusion center under a system budget constraint. To achieve this goal, a subset of sensing locations is selected from a large pool of candidate sensing locations. Furthermore, the type of sensor to be placed at those locations is selected from a given set of sensor types (e.g., sensors with different power ratings). We further investigate whether it is better to install a large number of cheap sensors, a few expensive sensors or a combination of different sensor types at the optimal locations.


This paper performs both theoretical and experimental modal analysis for a golf club wood driver in three kinds of boundary conditions, including free-free, free-grip and free-fixed. The finite element model of the golf club is constructed by using linear shell elements. Modal and harmonic response analyses are, respectively, carried out to obtain modal parameters and frequency response functions of the golf club. Conventional experimental modal analysis is performed to experimentally extract modal parameters, including natural frequencies, damping ratios and mode shapes. Results show that both FEA and EMA agree reasonably. Modal characteristics of the golf club in different boundary conditions are compared. The realistic boundary conditions of the grip can be well simulated and validated. The theoretical model can be useful for further analysis such as impact analysis.


The use of transcutaneous near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) for monitoring the perfusion of kidney and liver allografts has been proposed in the last years. This device might detect an early decrease in allograft oxygenation allowing prompt detection of vascular complications.


A special type of language is used in deaf community across the globe a form of non-verbal sign language. The language interpretation is very difficult because of not derived from the common source of origin. The conversion of hand gesture into auditory speech uses a device called Deaf-Mute language interpreter. Hand movement with particular shape and angle is considered as a sign language. In the meantime, gesture also adds the facial expression. Sign is the static shape or position of the hand to indicate communication. This work focus to provide a glove based smart system to translate deafmute communication. The objective is to develop a smart glove that can able to interpret 10 characters from the American Sign Language (ASL).The smart glove is designed in such a way that, LDR sensors are attached to fingers to gather the position of the finger to identify the characters. The design uses MSP430 microcontroller to meet the low power constraints for portable smart glove. The translated character is sent to computer through ZigBee wireless protocol and then pronounces the letter through the text to voice module. The whole translation mechanism takes minimum time to read the finger position and to produce a voice message. Keyword: Wireless communication, American Sign Language (ASL), MSP 430, Interpreter, LDR sensor, Flex sensor, ZigBee.


Glass is a perfect substrate material for electrical and optical packaging. The integration concept to bridge board and chip level using thin glass substrates by lamination in between of PCB base material will be presented. Different thin glasses are commercial available and will be reviewed. Furthermore the paper reviews glass panel processing in the area of display and electro/optical packaging focusing on integration advantages for photonic packaging. Ion exchange technology for large panel processing to integrate high-performing optical waveguides will be demonstrated for multi-mode beam propagation. Based on glass based photonic system-in-package (SiP) which is done on wafer level the up scaling on panel size of those processes is discussed in detail and experimental results are presented.


The purpose of this study was to provide information in support of an investigation of thermal technologies as possible treatment process for buried wastes at the INEL. Material and energy balances and a cost estimate were generated for a representative plasma torch-based thermal waste treatment system operating in a pyrolysis mode. Two waste streams were selected which are representative of INEL buried wastes, large in volume, and difficult to treat by other technologies. These streams were a solidified nitrate sludge waste stream and a waste/soil mix of other buried waste components. The treatment scheme selected includes a main plasma chamber operating under pyrolyzing conditions; a plasma afterburner to provide additional residence time at high temperature to ensure complete destruction of hazardous organics; an off-gas treatment system; and a incinerator and stack to oxidize carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide and vent the clean, oxidized gases to atmosphere. The material balances generated provide materials flow and equipment duty information of sufficient accuracy to generate initial rough-order-of-magnitude (ROM) system capital and operating cost estimates for a representative plasma thermal processing system.


Objective Observation and analysis in the treatment of cervical cancer patients with diabetes mellitus, the clinical effect of perioperative nursing intervention treatment.Methods To our hospital after cervical cancer were diagnosed with diabetes mellitus patients randomized to treatment.Results After the grouping of perioperative nursing group after the intervention of nursing, satisfaction is as high as 96.43%, signifi cantly higher than the 85.71% in the control group(P 0.05); Overall treatment group after the intervention of nursing, complication incidence was 7.14%, the control group was 17.86%, both more obvious difference(P 0.05).Conclusion In the treatment of cervical cancer patients with diabetes mellitus, perioperative nursing intervention therapy of clinical effect is remarkable, is worth promoting.


Short-term variations in fluorescence and dissolved oxygen were recorded from a fixed station between 6 and 7 m over 12 m of water in upper Chesapeake Bay. The late afternoon curves showed a positive relationship and the early evening curves exhibited an inverse correspondence. The observed oscillations could result from internal waves but the variations in space and time may represent discrete patches of phytoplankton that move past the fixed sampling point.


Definitive measurements have been made of cross‐field transport from ''rotational pumping'' of a magnetized electron column. Rotational pumping is the collisional dissipation of the axial compressions that are caused by E×B rotation of the column through asymmetric confining potentials; it is analogous to the magnetic pumping that damps poloidal rotation in tokamaks. The transport rate is measured over a wide range of plasma parameters, including four orders of magnitude in temperature. A new theory by Crooks and O'Neil shows excellent agreement with the measured rates when the three‐dimensional plasma end shapes are numerically calculated using the measured charge density profiles and temperatures. When the plasma displacement is destabilized by a resistive wall and damped by rotational pumping, a complex, nonlinear evolution is observed: a quiescent period is followed by ''sawtooth'' oscillations of displacement and temperature accompanied by ''bursts'' of radial transport. This behavior is due to the n...


Abstract, begins from Siak kingdom center in Mempura. After Alamuddinsyah appointed king of Siak IV in 1761 with the title of Sultan Abdul Jalil Alamudinsyah. As Sultan Alamuddinsyah reson to move the center of kingdom Siak to Senapelan that The Dutch do not interferen in the administration of Siak and unaffected kingdom of The Netherlands. In 1766, Alamuddinsyah died and was replaced by Sultan Yahya Abdul Jalil Muzafar Syah. At this time Senapelan handed to four Datuk by Suku Lima Puluh, Pesisir, Tanah Datar dan Kampar. After Sultan Yahya died and was replaced by the king young Ali, he returned to Senapelan to pass on his father ideals and established the Sultan Alamuddinsayah a week on 21 Rajab 1204 H and Tuesday, June 23, 1784 M. Now know as the birthday of the city Peknbaru is celebrated June 23. In the early days of the removal of the royal Siak in the year 1761 there has been a Suarau/Mosque is thought to have been there standing around the Kingdom after the king Alamuddinsyah Siak put his kingdom in Senapelan center adjacent to the mosque are now better known as the grand mosque in Pekanbaru. Surau/mosque is right at the royal palace environmen Siak in Senapelan/Pekanbaru previously. The mosque is also a witness of the kingdom center in Senapelan Siak. Near the mosque there is also the tomb of the Sultan of Siak king and the royal familiy. In the graveyard there Marhum Bukit of the kinh's Hill Alamuddinsyah and Marhum Pekan is the king young Ali. The results of this study indicate that the grand mosque in Senapelan/Pekanbaru adjacent to the center of kingdom of Siak and in the Palace, also known as the oldest mosque in the city of Pekanbaru and became one of the founding witness empire Siak inSenapelan once or known as the city of Pekanbaru. Keywords: The History of the Masjid Raya kota Pekanbaru.


In Zhuang-zi's philosophy, technology essentially refers to subject's skill. Zhuang-zi used the category of "Yi" to explain the technician's intrinsic psychology, and"Tao"to serve as the ontological foundation for the skill. This makes his thoughts aesthetical and mystical. He criticized mechanism because its application may bring about the degeneration of subjective ability and the distortion of the human nature. Furthermore, he negated the typical social technology of Confucianism, which he thought could not effectively rectify the society, but damage the naturalness and freedom of humanity.


The study presents the relationship between the perspective and the perception of the service received through the SERVQUAL model provided by the Insurers and Insurance Producers of Tungurahua, this study is developed with a vision of a non-experimental quantitative nature of a transversal character and correlational scope of those who have purchased vehicle insurance. It is concluded that the reliability dimension is the most important for clients when measuring the quality of service; on the contrary, it is the least efficient dimension in insurers according to the exposed model. By applying factorial analysis, the existing correlation between dimensions can be identified and a strong relationship in appropriate attention can be highlighted, showing interest in customer needs and demonstrating professional capacity. In the same way, it is evident that the appearance of the insurance personnel and modern equipment does not influence the responsiveness when the service is provided and a new configuration of sub-dimensions is exposed to improve it.


FIELD: biotechnology. SUBSTANCE: according to the present invention the microcapsules are composed of two parts: the microcapsule membrane and the inner core; the microcapsule membrane is a polyelectrolyte composite hydrogel membrane formed from chitosan, alginates, and acyl derivatives of chitosan, and the inner core is an alginate liquid or the hydrogel medium containing cells. The method of production of the microcapsule preparation comprises mixing the microcapsules of alginate-acyl derivatives of chitosan with the aqueous solution. EFFECT: possibility to use for encapsulation of human or mammalian cells in vitro or ex vivo. 11 cl, 3 dwg, 8 ex


Modern day hair transplantation has undergone tremendous advances since the understanding of the patterns of male hair loss and miniaturization related to androgenic alopecia caused by DHT (dihydrotesterone).  The concept of donor dominance, in which hairs genetically resistant to the effects of DHT can be moved to other locations where hair has been lost due to sensitivity to this hormone, is the basis for modern day hair transplantation.  Early hair transplantation based on this knowledge involved moving plugs of hair from DHT resistant hairs posteriorly to the anterior hairline.  These however resulted in abnormal hairlines which did not appear natural.  Presently, hair transplantation is placed on the use of 1, 2, 3, and 4 hair follicular units to create more natural hairlines.  In addition, knowledge of the biochemistry of hair loss has resulted in nonsurgical treatments that can regrow and maintain hair.  Finasteride (Propecia) and minoxidil (Rogaine) are now important adjuncts before, during and after hair transplantation.  Advances have been made in the harvesting of donor hair including the use of follicular unit extraction which removes individual 1, 2, 3 or 4 hair follicular units and the use of robots for extraction.  Because of the limitations of donor sites and the fact that hair loss is progressive, future research will involve the use of stem cells.

This review contains 27 figures and 106 references.
Key Words: androgenic alopecia, cicatricial alopecia, DHT, donor dominance, follicular units, miniaturization, stem cells, telogen effluvium, trichophytic


Harada and Tonchev recently presented a construction of self-orthogonal codes from orbit matrices of symmetric designs with fi xed-point-free automorphisms. Using this method we construct self-orthogonal codes from orbit matrices of some symmetric designs of Menon type. Further, we describe a construction of self-orthogonal codes from orbit matrices of symmetric designs admitting certain automorphisms with fixed points (and blocks). In addition, we discuss a generalization of this method of construction of self-orthogonal codes from some other combinatorial structures.


An exploratory study was conducted in Jaipur district of Rajasthan to know the perception of livestock farmers towards existing livestock service delivery systems. Data were collected from 120 randomly selected livestock farmers through structured interview schedule. The study revealed that majority of the livestock farmers (70.00%) had favourable perception towards livestock service delivery systems followed by 15.83 per cent with less favourable and 14.17 per cent with more favourable perception. Age, annual gross income, experience in livestock farming and mass media exposure had positive and non-significant relationship with perception of livestock farmers towards livestock service delivery systems, while education, family size and land holding had negative and non-significant relationship. Herd size, extension contact and social participation had positive and significant relationship with perception of livestock farmers towards livestock service delivery systems.


Comparisons were made of CM and FFR recorded from chinchilla with various electrode placements. The latency of the scalp/ear lobe recorded FFR was found to be nearly zero with respect to CM. Further, AP and SP were noted to diminish rapidly after death whereas the CM component in FFR reduced gradually. The decay of the CM component of FFR measured at the scalp after death followed an identical time course to that of the CM at the round window. These observations lead to the conclusion that FFR does not originate in the brain stem but is essentially cochlear potentials picked up by electrodes located at the scalp. Relation of these controversial findings to the existing literature will be discussed.


The purpose of this study was to determine the increase in mathematics learning outcomes of subtraction material using powerpoint media for third grade students of SDN 03 Tegalsari.

Data collection methods used include documentation, test, and observation methods.

The research results obtained

 The average value of mathematics learning outcomes of class III students in cycle I was 66, in cycle II was 82 so that there was an increase in the average value from cycle I to cycle II

The percentage of students 'learning completeness in cycle I was 54%, in cycle II it was 92% so that there was an increase in students' learning completeness from cycle I to cycle II.

Based on the information above, it can be concluded that: through powerpoint media it can improve mathematics learning outcomes in class III students of SDN 03 Tegalsari.


Abstract In 1903 Dr. Joel Stebbins joined the University of Illinois faculty as an astronomy instructor and Director of the University of Illinois Observatory. In 1905 he and F. C. Brown began experimenting with selenium sell photometry and developed the equipment and many of the photometric practices used then. Those practices formed the foundation on which present day photometry processes are based. This paper will trace the history of Stebbins' career and his development of photoelectric photometry from 1903 to 1922. This story explains how Stebbins' wife, May, caused a change in astronomical observing that continues today.


Big data machine learning and graph analytics have been widely used in industry, academia and government. Continuous advance in this area is critical to business success, scientific discovery, as well as cybersecurity. In this paper, we present some current projects and propose that next-generation computing systems for big data machine learning and graph analytics need innovative designs in both hardware and software that provide a good match between big data algorithms and the underlying computing and storage resources.


Article conveyor (810) suitable for conveying to the conveying direction (c) and the associated link (182) is disclosed. Conveyor includes a plurality of connected links, each link has a width extending along the length and conveying direction extending across the conveying direction. Each link also body (810), the cam follower member (852) and at least one gripping member. Cam follower member and a gear drive mechanism for connecting the gripping members (832) may be used. Cam follower member is operable for selectively moving the grasping member between a first position and a second position. Gripping member is located at the open position when in the first position, the gripping members, when in the second position, is located in the gripping position, holding in transporting articles in contact with one of the articles (c) to. Various designs of the gear drive mechanism for coupling the cam follower member and the gripping member can be used. Releasable holding member, such as a spring-loaded ratchet member is available to ensure the gripping member in the second position. A plurality of opposed been gripping members can be used.


We present an extension of the concept of the Wigner distribution to include spin. The results are then used to indicate a method by which classical approximations to spin dynamics emerge naturally from the exact quantum theory, and estimates of the accuracy of these classical approximations can be computed.


A parallel algorithm suitable for simulating multi-sized particle systems and multiphase fluid systems is proposed based on macro-scale pseudo-particle modeling (MaPPM). The algorithm employs space-decomposition of the computational load among the processing elements (PEs) and multi-level cell-subdivision technique for particle indexing. In this algorithm, a 2D gas-solid system is simulated with the temporal variations of drags on solids, inter-phase slip velocities and solids concentration elaborately monitored. Analysis of the results shows that the algorithm is of good parallel efficiency and scalability, demonstrating the unique advantage of MaPPM in simulating complex flows.


Similar to points, lines are also the basis for many vision applications. Line segments provide more structured information and are more robust than point features, especially for those scenarios with low textures. There are increasing works to tackle the line matching problem, but few of them are designed to match lines under drastic illumination changes, which is critical for long-term vision tasks. In this brief, an illumination-insensitive line binary (IILB) descriptor is proposed to tackle the above issue based on the band differences among multi-spatial granularities of the line region of support. The proposed IILB descriptor has a low computation cost due to the usage of integral images, which could satisfy the requirements of many realistic platforms with limited computation and storage abilities. Numerical experiments in natural and synthetic datasets show that the proposed IILB descriptor has remarkable performance. The code of the IILB descriptor is publicly available.


The study of the distribution of hydrogen in steel ingots, despite its practical importance, has not received due attention from previous workers. Available experimental results are mainly fragmentary and non-systematic, and therefore many disputable opinions exist. Desirous of investigating this problem in greater details, the authors employed several annealed ingots of high chromium steels which were considered to be particularly suitable because they evolved little gas at room temperature and consequently the inherent difficulty to avoid the loss of hydrogen during sampling was, to a very large extent, overcome. For this purpose also, suitable apparatus capable of determining relatively small amount of hydrogen was constructed. The results obtained show that the hydrogen distribution in the annealed ingots follows a significant and regular pattern, thus dismissing certain misgiving conclusions based on contradictory results given by previous workers. Although the average hydrogen content of the anealed ingots amounted to not more than half that of the liquid stael, yet in certain parts of their interior the local hydrogen content was found to be higher than that of the liquid steal. This affirms the existence of hydrogen segregation in steel ingots. Moreover, from maps of hydrogen contour lines drawn for the ingots it can be seen that the regions of the highest hydrogen content roughly coincide with the last solification. Indeed, the effect due to certain external irregularities encountered in the course of solification is detectable rather from the hydrogen maps than by the usual method of macro-etching.In the longitudinal or the transverse direction of the annealed ingots, the general trend of hydrogen variation based on average hydrogen content is shown to be governed by the law of hydrogen diffusion. Further examinations reveal that the ingot structure and its internal porosity exert considerable influence upon the distribution. It is likely that hydrogen diffusion may be faster in columnar crystals than in equi-axed crystal regions. The presence of porosities in ingots seems to retard the removal of hydrogen. Such implications have not been sufficiently realized in the past.Based on the discussion of the experimental results, certain immunizing treatment suitable for preventing hairline cracks in certain types of steel is explained.


EXCEED200O's versatile performance resulted from its exceptional beam current, its energy contamination-free configuration as well as the reliable fully automated operation ensures outstanding productivity. Dose uniformity is guaranteed as better than 0.5% for all the operation condition of the mass-energy-beam current specification. Not a trace of energy-contaminants are detected in the SIMS depth profile for doubly and triply charged ion implantation. The quick and reproducible automatic beam setup at various recipe changes including the self-check of dose uniformity and beam parallelism, realizes excellent coordination with the latest factory automation. The electrostatic wafer chuck mounted in platen has been proved to keep the guaranteed throughput of 200 wafers/hour.


We demonstrate that paclitaxel, an antitumor agent derived from yew tree, inhibits LPS- and IFN-γ-induced NF-κB/Rel activation in RAW 264.7 cells. Previously, paclitaxel (> 10 μM) has been known to induce iNOS gene expression in macrophages. However, in the previous report we described that the pretreatment of macrophages with low concentration of paclitaxel (0.1 μM) for 8 h inhibited LPSinduced iNOS gene expression. Pretreatment of RAW 264.7 cells with paclitaxel significantly inhibited NF-κB/Rel transcriptional activation. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay further confirmed that pretreatment of macrophages with paclitaxel inhibited NF-κB/Rel DNA binding. Taxotere, a semisynthetic analog of paclitaxel, also inhibited LPS- and IFN-γ-induced iNOS gene expression. Collectively, these series of experiments indicate that paclitaxel inhibits iNOS gene expression by blocking NF-κB/Rel activation.


Standards and assessments have become the universal recipe for improving education. While national goals and state standards are active agents in this mix, the debates over outcome-based education and the second- and third-generation rewrites of standards documents have made the standards more useful. In some states, the wider acceptance of standards, followed by the release of one or more yearly assessments, has added up to a formidable combination. But the unobtrusive and symbiotic value-added activities that are now possible (because a steady stream of usable data has become available) are no less important than the standards themselves. Research activities and new reporting mechanisms tied to the high-stakes consequences of assessments are building a base of support around these accountability tools. Instead of seeing standards and testing as the problem, even former critics can sometimes find a way to use the new data to support their reform ideas. Tennessee's Value-Added Approach Initiated in 1990, the Tennessee Comprehensive Assessment Program (TCAP) measures student performance in mathematics, reading, language arts, science, and social studies in grades 2 through 8. In 1992 the state legislature mandated an extension of this program, which is known as the Tennessee Value-Added Assessment System (TVAAS). Under the direction of William Sanders and a group or researchers at the University of Tennessee, a strong statistical model was developed that uses the scaled scores from the TCAP to develop a profile of academic growth for individual students. Instead of using stanines or percentile scores - commonly used in reporting norm-referenced test results - the scaled scores can indicate a student's current level of academic attainment. When collected over a period of years, these data can establish a profile of past and future academic growth. Sanders reports that, by statistically aggregating the "dimples" and "bubbles" in these curves from a population of students, the impact of school systems, school buildings, and individual teachers on student academic gains "can be fairly estimated." Following a recent presentation to a group of Ohio policy makers, Sanders prepared a summary of this program. Large portions of that summary are reproduced here with his permission. "In the United States, individual states, districts, and schools have administered student achievement tests in various academic subjects for decades," Sanders' summary begins. In most instances, he argues, the use of these data has been restricted to placing an individual student somewhere along the distribution of the general population of students or to comparing simple mean scores between districts or schools. The latter use has been correctly criticized for being "fraught with unfair misinterpretation because of severe socioeconomic biases which affect these rather simplistic views of the test data. The legacy of these misuses has created a commonly held belief that this type of data has little to offer constructively in both the accountability and assessment areas," Sanders writes. In contrast, the TVAAS uses these very traditional achievement data as its input and applies a statistical methodology not previously used in educational assessment, which has demonstrated that the relative effectiveness of school districts, schools, and teachers in facilitating academic growth of student populations can be estimated with considerable sensitivity. "This methodology enables a massive multivariate, longitudinal analysis," Sanders states, "that in turn yields direct measures of the educational influences on student academic progress, free of the undesirable socioeconomic confoundings." Without such longitudinal analysis, TVAAS would offer no advantages over traditional practice. According to Sanders, "The minimal requirements to implement a TVAAS-like process are: 1) test each student each year in important academic subjects, [and] 2) use test instruments which a) provide linear scales with appropriate standard errors of measurement, b) provide sufficient stretch to measure progress for the lowest- and highest-achieving students, and c) are highly correlated with curricular objectives. …


Objective To investigate the role apoptosis in hindgut morphogenesis in normal El3 to E16 rat embryos. Methods TUNEL staining was performed to detect the apoptotic cells in the cloa- ca of wild-type E13 to E16 rat embryos. Results On E 13,the genital tubercle has fully developed and the cloaca is well formed. The urogenital septum (URS) divided cloaca into urogenital sinus and rec- tum. The tail groove were formed. There were apoptotic cells in the epithelial layers and mesenchyme region of URS. Following the development, genital tubercle grew gradually and shifted ventrocaudally. The tail groove deepened gradually and cloacal membrane rotated dorsalcaudally. The apoptotic cells increased and they descended in the mesenchyme region of URS. Many apoptotic cells appeared in the dorsal mesenchyme of the rectum. On E14,apoptotic cells began to appear at the terminal rectum and the future anal orifice part of cloacal membrane. On E15, URS fused with cloacal membrane and apop- tosis in URS descended to the fusion position. Anal membrane ruptured and rectum communicated with the exterior on E16. Conclusions In cloacal embryological developments, apoptosis is involved in the descend and fusion of URS, the configuration transformation of cloaca, and the rupture of cloacal mem- brane.

Key words:
Embryo; Cloaca; Apoptosis


Pterin-4a-carbinolamine dehydratase/dimerization cofactor of hepatocyte nuclear factor-1 a. (PCD/DCoH) is a bifunctional protein. Its catalytic function consists in the dehydration of pterin-4a-carbinolamine to quinonoid 7,8-dihydrobiopterin (1); the substrate, pterin-4a-carbinolamine, is the product arising from the pterin cofactor during the aromatic hydroxylation catalyzed by pterin dependent hydroxylases. The second function consists in the activation, via induction of dimerization, of the transcription factor hepatocyte nuclear factor-la. (2). The recombinant form of hwt-PCD has been purified and characterized (3,4)and the three-dimensional structure has been solved (5,6). The aim of our studies was the identification of the active site of PCD/DCoH and the elucidation of the catalytic mechanism. Using site-directed mutagenesis we have studied the involvement of residues which, based on the 3D-structure (5,6) (see also Fig. 1), might be at the presumed active site and might be involved in catalysis. Details of thedata presented here have been submitted to EIB for publication (7).


Haloacetic acids(HAAs) are the major by-product of water disinfection by chlorination and their health effects for carcinogenic activity have attracted more and more interest of researchers due to their high stability because they are hardly degraded and volatilized.The exposure concentration,metabolizing,carcinogenicity,mechanism of tumorigenesis and epidemiologic study about HAAs(mainly including DCAA,TCAA,DBAA) in recent years are discussed in this paper.Finally the research trend is discussed.


The crystal structure of the high-temperature modification of Na+TCNQ has been determined by X-ray diffraction at 80°C. The crystals are monoclinic with space group P21/n and lattice constants: a=3.512 (1), b=11.866 (2), e=12.465 (3) A, p=98.21 (2) ° and Z=2. Weak reflexions with h and k both odd in the low-temperature phase disappeared completely at about 73 °C. The intensity variations of two selected reflexions with temperature indicated that the transition is essentially first-order and the lowand high-temperature phases coexist in the range 59 to 73 °C. The structure was refined by the full-matrix least-squares method to an R of 0.033 for the 675 observed reflexions collected by diffractometry. TCNQions are stacked face-to-face to form columns along the a axis with an equal interplanar spacing of 3.385 A above the transition temperature, whereas in the low-temperature phase they are arranged with alternate spacings of 3.21 and 3-49 A, and TCNQ dimers are present.


Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of Chuanxiongshuzhen decoction on occipital neyralgia. Methods One hundred and twenty patients were randomly classified into two groups, in treatment group(n=62) Chuanxiongshuzhen decoction(plus or minus) was orally taken one dose daily;in control group(n=58) carbamazepine was taken orally three times daily.Vitamin B 1 and B 12 were intravenously given for both groups, with a treatment course of 10 days, the therapeutic effects were evaluated after two courses. Results The total effective rate in treatment group (93.55% ) was significantly higher than that in control group (81.03 %)(P0.01). Conclusion Chu anxiongshuzhen decoction has definite therapeutic effect on occipital neyralgia.