Morris Arboretum has been a place where the public can experience and appreciate the beauty and inspiration of majestic trees on a preserved historic site for nearly a century. The Arboretum has invested significant resources in the education of citizens and professionals in the tree-care industry both through the School of Arboriculture and other educational programs. This internship project is a three-fold effort to create new material that can help disseminate valuable knowledge and understanding of arboriculture practices to visitors at the Arboretum. The foundational product is an online self-guided tour of the Arboretum highlighting and explaining arboricultural practices and techniques that have been employed throughout the garden. This tour is an ArcGIS Story Map and it includes information about tree biology and function as well as details about specific pruning practices and management strategies. Building on this curriculum, the other two components of the project will be two classes that will take place in May 2016. The first is a class for the Volunteer Education Guides that will focus on providing answers to frequently asked questions they receive from visitors. A second class, designed for home-owners, will be offered through the education department and focus on how people can influence the health of their own trees as well as when to seek professional input. Disciplines Horticulture Comments An independent study project report by The Walter W. Root Memorial Arborist Internship Endowment (2015-2016) This report is available at ScholarlyCommons: https://repository.upenn.edu/morrisarboretum_internreports/25 Title: To Speak for the Trees: A Self-guided Arboriculture Tour at Morris Arboretum Author: Joshua Best The Walter W. Root Endowed Arborist Intern


[Objective]To compare the disinfection efficacy of skin disinfectant Anerdian with Compound iodine disinfectant cotton stick.[Methods]According to"TECHNICAL STANDARD FOR DISINFECTION"of the edition of 2002,which was published by Ministry of Health,PRC,skin disinfection efficacy of Anerdian and Compound iodine disinfectant cotton stick were observed on the spot.[Results]The average killing log values of Anerdian and Compound iodine disinfectant cotton stick to kill natural bacteria of skin surface were 1.34 and 1.13,respectively. The difference was not significant in the two groups(P﹥0.05).[Conclusion]The average killing log value of the two disinfectants to kill natural bacteria of skin surface are greater than 1.00,which have met the technical standard for disinfection,so the disinfection efficacy are reliable.


We demonstrate experimental chaos control of long‐period orbits and arbitrary trajectories in a piecewise‐linear LC oscillator using a new technique called dynamic limiting. Based on limiter control, dynamic limiting uses a predetermined sequence of limited levels to stabilize natural states of the chaotic circuit. The limiter sequence is clocked by the natural return time of the oscillator such that a new limiter level is applied for each peak return. We demonstrate control of period‐8 and period‐34 unstable periodic orbits and provide evidence that the control perturbations are minimal. We demonstrate control of an arbitrary waveform by replaying a sequence captured from the uncontrolled oscillator, achieving a form of delayed self‐synchronization. Finally, we develop a lookup table of limiter levels to control arbitrary symbolic dynamics in the circuit and use it to control all unstable periodic orbits in the oscillator up to period 12.


The latest advances in genetic and breeding research on hapoid induction,polyploid induc-tion,determination of ploidy level and chromosome doubling of cucurbit crops(watermelon,muskmelon and cucumber)were reviewed.Its applications on genetics and breeding were also disscussed.


This policy brief summarises the present state of scientific understanding of the
potential contribution of tropical forests to poverty alleviation and highlights the
implications of this knowledge for forest-based poverty alleviation policies


These days, in hospital environment, reprocessing of Single-Use medical Devices (SUDs) is a practice used more and more often. Reprocessing of SUDs, in-house or by outsourcing, is a way for hospitals to produce cost savings and less quantity of waste. This review focuses on the evolution of SUDs reprocessing, as well as on the legislation and regulation associated, and discusses the potential risks involved. Historical evolution unveils that reprocessing is unequal between developed and developing countries, being the United States and Canada the more reprocessors countries. The control of this service ensures the safety of this practice, as it happens in developed countries. It is expected that the market of reprocessed SUDs will grow, and more hospitals will begin to reprocess these devices.


This is the fifth of a series of articles intended to emphasize a method of teaching the history of education in which special attention is paid to educational practice in its relation to social conditions. This method can be illustrated to advantage in the work of Pestalozzi. The relation of this great reformer to general. social movements can best be shown in connection with the Swiss Revolution of 1798 and with what might be called "Pestalozzian industrial training." His great influence on the actual practice of elementary schools can be illustrated in connection with "Pestalozzian object-teaching and oral instruction" and "Pestalozzian formalism." The former will be treated in this paper. Pestalozzi protested vigorously against teaching children words and phrases that they did not understand, and, insisted upon the substitution of real experience withnatural objects as the fundamental starting-point of instruction. In this he was following Rousseau in "psychologizing instruction," and he himself considered it his most important reform. He said, If I look back and ask myself what I have really done toward the improvement of the methods of elementary instruction, I find that in recognizing observation as the absolute basis of all knowledge, I have established the first and most important principle of instruction. We have seen how the influence of the Reformation and the invention of printing tended to make learning to read and memorizing the catechism the fundamentals in elementary education. Calling attention to this, Pestalozzi said, In Europe the culture of the people has ended by becoming an empty chattering, fatal alike to real faith and real knowledge; an instruction of


We developed a highly reliable 1200-V p-type MOSFET for level-shift circuits. A new phenomenon, in which the leakage current increases and decreases irregularly in AC half-wave bias near avalanche voltage and the blocking voltage decreases with the long-term durability, was observed from test results of developed prototype driver ICs at an AC half-wave voltage of 1380 V. We analyzed this phenomenon through device simulation. The reason of this phenomenon was that the avalanche point of a prototype 1200-V p-type MOSFET shifted and the leakage current changed in one cycle of the AC half-wave. The device structure and process were improved on the basis of this analysis, resulting in a highly reliable p-type MOSFET.


Evidence is very scanty in Africa on the welfare effects of the recent shift of the horticulture industry from involving poor households through outgrower arrangements towards employing them in consolidated production entities. This study determines the impact of large-scale export vegetable production on the welfare of the employees in Zambia. It uses data from a survey of a random sample of farm worker households and comparison households in nine villages around one of the four largest estate vegetable farms in Zambia. Evidence from control function, propensity score matching, and odds-weighted regression models suggest huge and significant welfare effects as measured by per capita consumption expenditure. Estimated at 44 and 45% for non-food and food expenditure, respectively, the impact is not affected by the households' initial wealth in any statistically significant manner. This means that the recent industry changes might need to be supported and better understood, as opposed to being admonished.


In this study, a simple and reliable high performance liquid chromatographic method with UV detection was developed and validated for rapid determination of coumarin hydroxylase activity in rat hepatic microsomes. The chromatographic separation was achieved using Zorbax Eclipse XDB C18 column (150×4.6 mm, 5 μm), which was kept at 40°C. The isocratic mobile phase consisted of methanol and 1% glacial acetic acid mixture (35:65, v/v) with a flow rate of 0.6 ml/min. The effluent was monitored at 320 nm using photodiode array detector (PDA). 6-hydroxychlorzoxazone (6-OH CZX) was used as internal standard. The method exhibited good linearity (R2 >0.999) for both coumarin (COUM) and its 7-hydroxy metabolite (7-OH COUM) over the assayed concentration range (0.025-5.0 μM) and demonstrated good intra-day and inter-day precision and accuracy (relative standard deviations and the deviation from predicted values were less than 15%). The detection limits were 0.001 and 0.005 μM for coumarin and 7-hydroxycoumarin, respectively. This method was also successfully applied for studying the effect of three phytochemicals on hepatic CYP2A6 activity in rats.


A method for the determination of carbon and sulfur in high nickel corrosion resistant alloys by high frequency furnace combustion-IR spectrometry was proposed.The optimum experimental conditions were found as follow: ① amount of mixed flux of W and Sn: 0.6 g;② amount of sample: 0.5 g;③ analytical time for carbon: 35 s;④ analytical time for sulfur: 60 s.Tests for accuracy and precision were made with standard samples of IARM 67B,IARM 69C and IARM 60B,giving results in consistency with the standard values.Values of RSD′s(n=10) of carbon and sulfur found were less than 4% and 30%,respectively.


Abstract Background In schizotypy, a factor structure similar to the one observed in schizophrenia has been unraveled, being the positive and negative the most consistently replicated dimensions. Despite this fact, most of the studies on brain volume patterns in schizotypy consider it as an unitary rather than a multidimensional construct. Hence, based on previous results showing that schizophrenia and schizotypal personality traits share common neurodevelopmental patterns, it is hypothesized that brain volumetric patterns in individuals with high positive schizotypy are intrinsically different to those observed in persons reporting high negative schizotypy and to individuals with overall low schizotypal traits. The present study aims to evaluate this hypothesis using novel machine learning techniques to address the multivariate nature of psychotic diseases and the brain itself. Methods Data from the TYPIA Study, an ongoing project conducted at the Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich and the University of Bonn in Germany, was used to investigate whether brain volumetric patterns are distinct in healthy individuals with high positive (HPS) and high negative schizotypy (HNS) when compared to one another (HPS vs HNS) and to individuals with self-reported low schizotypy (LS vs HNS and LS vs HPS). A preliminary analysis on grey matter volumetric patterns from 29 LS (19 f., mean age: 24.6 y.), 28 HNS (20 f., mean age: 26.8 y.) and 23 HPS (17 f., mean age: 26.4 years) individuals from the general population without any current psychiatric diagnosis was performed. Group divisions were based on the introvertive anhedonia and unusual experiences subscales from the Oxford-Liverpool Inventory of Feelings and Experiences (O-LIFE). Structural images were preprocessed with a standard voxel based morphometry pipeline using the SPM-based CAT12 toolbox in Matlab. After age, sex and grey matter intracranial volume and center corrections, a linear support vector classification (SVC) algorithm was used to assess separability between the groups. Results Our preliminary cross-validated results showed that LS and HNS can be separated with 56.0 % balanced accuracy (BAC), whereas LS vs HPS and HNS vs HPS allowed for only 42.87% and 48.8% BAC respectively. Interestingly, a post-hoc analysis comparing LS vs both high schizotypy groups merged together showed the highest BAC (59.2%). As expected, the brain differences between groups are rather small, since the sample consists fully of healthy controls. However, these results indicate that personality traits related to HNS are linked to more pronounced changes in the brain as compared to HPS. Nevertheless, schizotypy as a combination of the positive and negative dimensions allowed for a higher classification accuracy when compared to LS, supporting the notion of schizotypy as a unitary construct as observed from the post-hoc analysis. Furthermore, HNS and HPS were not separable by the algorithm, most likely due to the intrinsic heterogeneity of the construct. Discussion Our results align with previous studies claiming that negative symptoms are associated with structural changes in the CNS whereas positive symptoms relate to changes in functioning and activation of the brain. A larger sample as well as using other data modalities will confirm the stability of our findings. Research on volumetric patterns of the brain areas related to negative symptoms in non-clinical samples might lead to a better understanding of the underlying causes of schizophrenia. Above all, our results show that investigating non-clinical expression of psychosis-like symptoms is a promising strategy to understand the prodromal stadium of schizophrenia.


This paper focuses on modelling a virtual learning scenario using the cybernetic paradigm. The key point is visualizing processes and the input and output factors in the virtual social learning scenario using a cybernetic model. First, a model was created focusing on learning community managers, the students and their activities and interactions. This representation was converted to a cybernetic model. Key elements of this cybernetic model are the transformation unit and the observer unit, which give entry points for a possible automation. The automation of the transformation unit would be the creation of a decision support system.


Objective:The objective of this study is to review cerebrospinal fluid leakage (CSFL) after thoracic decompression and describe its regular and special features. Data Sources:Literature cited in this review was retrieved from PubMed and Medline and was primarily published during the last 10 years. "Cerebrospinal fluid", "leakage", "dural tears", and "thoracic decompression" were the indexed terms. Relevant citations in the retrieved articles were also screened to include more data. Study Selection:All retrieved literature was scrutinized, and four categories were recorded: incidence and risk factors, complications, treatment modalities, and prognosis. Results:CSFL is much more frequent after thoracic decompression than after cervical and lumbar spinal surgeries. Its occurrence is related to many clinical factors, especially the presence of ossified ligaments and the adhesion of the dural sac. While its impact on the late neurological recovery is currently controversial, CSFL increases the risk of other perioperative complications, such as low intracranial pressure symptoms, infection, and vascular events. The combined use of primary repairs during the operation and conservative treatment postoperatively is generally effective for most CSFL cases, whereas lumbar drains and reoperations should be implemented as rescue options for refractory cases only. Conclusions:CSFL after thoracic decompression has not been specifically investigated, so the present study provides a systematic and comprehensive review of the issue. CSFL is a multi-factor-related complication, and pathological factors play a decisive role. The importance of CSFL is in its impact on the increased risk of other complications during the postoperative period. Methods to prevent these complications are in need. In addition, though the required treatment resources are not special for CSFL after thoracic decompression, most CSFL cases are conservatively curable, and surgeons should be aware of it.


The paper describes an automated technique for cloud motion vector extraction from INSAT -ID on visible and infra-red imagery over the oceanic areas around the Indian Peninsula. The technique is based on a pattern matching procedure which attempts to search for a pixel-to-pixel eqality between two grey shade distributions instead of cross-correlation. The CMVs are found to be very useful m augmenting the wind data over the oceanic areas and are consistent with each other and neighbouring radiosonde winds. The paper also discusses the sources of errors and uncertainties caused by the VHRR resolution and the wind derivation procedure.


Alzheimer ́s disease (AD) is the most prominent type of dementia in elderly population. The etiology is multifactorial, and pathophysiology of disease is complex with slowly progressive and irreversible deterioration. Traditionally, AD researches have focused on the pathogenesis caused by Neuritic Plaques (NPs) and Neurofibrilary Tangles (NFTs); however, in the pathologic spectrum of disease, there are others independent pathways involved. Although several genetic alterations have been associated with AD, as memory as AD seem to be influenced by genetic, physiologic and environmental factors, resulted of accumulate over time. The current therapeutic approaches for AD temporarily improve the symptoms; and despite intensive efforts, none of the treatments available today alter the course of disease. Nevertheless, one of the most promising approaches for treating it is to enhance acetylcholine level and decrease oxidative stress in brain of AD patients. In line with this, different studies indicate that the alkaloids belonging to Amaryllidaceae family exhibit a wide range of biological activities. Galantamine has become the most attractive of alkaloids for its use in the treatment of AD; however, Amaryllidaceaes contain other alkaloids which have high potential as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (ACHEI) and antioxidant.


The primal scene has become something of a Freudian cliché, yet if considered in a broad narratological sense, the concept can offer a useful template and terminology in investigations of the writing process. This discussion explores how primal scenes, and variants of the term such as 'primary scenes', hold a pivotal position between imagination and memory, between history and fantasy, in the creation of stories. Such scenes not only represent the first glimmers of creativity, tentative starts in the making of a novel, but they also feature centrally in the ensuing writing process providing narrative momentum, propelling writers' further investigations of the narratives they become intent on writing. The concept and terminology has also been used in wider psychological contexts (see Freeman 1993) and by narrative theorists (see Brook 1985 and Lukacher 1986); this offers possible connections between criticism and the creative process. Illustrations from a novel and essay by Rose Tremain will be surveyed, alongside other authors' initiating images, and scrutiny of a starting scene of my novel, The Book of Guardians (Neale 2012). The significance of these scenes and images will be considered in the context of a possible psychoanalytic theory of creativity, with specific reference to the case study which first gave rise to Freud's use of the term 'primal scene'.


It is demonstrated that cuprous oxide (Cu2O) can be electrodeposited epitaxially onto silicon (Si) and indium phosphide (InP) (001) single-crystalline substrates from aqueous solution. Epitaxial electrodeposition under these conditions is remarkable considering the strong driving force for the formation of amorphous native oxide layers on Si and InP substrates. To elucidate the growth mechanisms, the microstructure of the interfaces between the Cu2O layer and the two different substrates was investigated by TEM (transmission electron microscopy) in conjunction with XEDS (X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy) and EELS (electron energy-loss spectroscopy). In both heteroepitaxial systems, the Cu2O layers have a unique but non-trivial crystallographic orientation relationship (OR) with the substrate, which can be described as a 45° rotation around the common [001] axis representing the substrate normal. We show that this relationship minimizes the overall misfit between corresponding interatomic spacings of the two adjacent crystals. In apparent contradiction to the unique OR, TEM revealed that in both hetero-systems the Cu2O layer is separated from the substrate by an amorphous interlayer. The thickness of the interlayer typically is a few nanometers. The presence of an amorphous interlayer contrasts with our experimental results on electrodeposited Cu2O on Au (001) single-crystal substrates, also included in this article, where TEM shows the Cu2O epilayer in direct contact with the substrate. XEDS and EELS analysis of the chemical composition and bonding at Cu2O/Si and Cu2O/InP interfaces in the as-grown state as well as after tempering revealed that the interlayer is mainly composed of SiO2 and InPO4, respectively. Most likely, the observed epitaxial layers on top of an amorphous interlayer evolve by nucleation of epitaxial Cu2O directly on the substrate. While simultaneous oxidation of the substrate leads to the formation of an amorphous layer, the epitaxial nuclei can laterally overgrow the oxide. Consequently, the local composition of the amorphous layer varies with the nature of the substrate.


This chapter aims at tracking the evolution of access rights to clearing and settlement systems within European financial markets and analyse the content and the function of these access rights under the perspective of modern European Financial Regulation and especially MiFID. Specifically, it focuses on the integration of these rights into the framework of general access to regulated markets, free circulation of capitals and the establishment of a secure, efficient and consolidated European securities market.The chapter about the access to clearing and settlement systems and the community law rights that are related to it is structured as following. Firstly, we examine the way for determining the operation of a regulated market in relation to the Community rights of investment firms for access to it. Second, we analyse clearing and settlement as procedures necessary for the fulfillment of a safe and efficient environment of transactions in the regulated market, under a MiFID perspective. Third, we examine access rights to a clearing system as concomitant rights of the access in a regulated market and we present the operation of a regulated market firstly concerning the Community Law right for the use of central counterparty, clearing and settlement arrangements of another Member State than its home Member State and secondly concerning the Community Law right of investment firms for selecting clearing systems of a Member State other than the one that the regulated market is connected to by default. This second stage is analyzed in two sub-chapters, one regarding the access to clearing systems and the other regarding the access to and use of settlement systems. Moreover, we refer to the technical and connection requirements, the fulfillment of which is necessary for the implementation of the access rights and we finally present a paradigm of interconnected markets and systems, aiming at presenting the issues emerging from the function of these access rights, under the scope of MiFID and the restructuring of European cross-border transactions after this recent evolution.


The fragment molecular orbital (FMO) method is a fast quantum-mechanics method that divides systems into pieces of fragments and performs ab initio calculations. The method has been expected to improve the accuracy of describing protein-ligand interactions by incorporating electronic effects. In this article, FMO calculation with solvation methods were applied to the affinity prediction at the ATP-binding site of PDHK4. As the ionized aspartic acid lies at the center and is involved in the complex hydrogen bond networks, this system has turned out to be a difficult target to describe by traditional molecular-mechanics method. In the FMO calculation with the polarizable continuum model (PCM) solvation method, a considerable amount of charge (-0.27e) was transferred from the ionized aspartate to the surrounding residues. We found that using FMO with the PCM solvation method was important to increase the correlation, and by incorporating the ligand deformation energy, the correlation was improved to R = 0.81 for whole twelve compounds and R= 0.91 without one outlier compound.


The results of limited turbulence measurements in water in a free-surface flow are presented. A commercially available hot-wire anemometer of the constant-temperature type was used, and the recording and reduction of data were accomplished using an IBM 7094-7040 digital computing system and its peripheral analog-to-digital conversion equipment. The local temporal mean velocities, root mean squares of the turbulent velocity fluctuations, turbulent energy spectra, and auto-correlation curves were obtained directly from the digital computer. The relative turbulent intensities ranged from 4% to 5% near the water surface to 16% near the channel bottom for two cases having R of 66,200 and 91,100. Energy spectra showed that most of the turbulent energy was concentrated at frequencies less than 2 cps to 4.5 cps. The macro-scale of the turbulence in the flow direction was on the order of 80% of the depth and the turbulent microscale in that direction was approximately 10% of the depth for the experiment at the lower Reynolds number.


This article offers a brief reflection on the Landless Workers' Movement (MST) and the recent changes that have taken place in the politics of the Brazilian land reform. Land reform is a territorial policy that does not address the full complexity of the agrarian question. For this study, we view the agrarian question as a structural problem of capitalism (Fernandes 2001), part of its inherent logic of development. As such, it generates inequalities and processes of differentiation, expulsions and expropriations, thereby excluding, making subaltern, destroying, and recreating the peasantry. Relations between the peasantry and capital are permanently conflictual and are defined, on one hand, by the subaltern position of the peasantry vis-à-vis capital (including the power of capital to destroy and recreate the peasantry in accord with its own interests), and on the other, by peasant resistance in setting the terms of its own reproduction, through land occupations (Fernandes 2008a). At the core of these antagonisms is the territorial conflict over the process of creation and destruction of the peasantry. The agrarian question is thus a territorial question, and agrarian reform is the face of this aspect of the conflict. The struggles are over structural processes and their conjunctural traits. The accelerated expansion of monocultures and the increase in agro-industry in the 1970s, accompanied by the near-extinction of peasant movements through the military dictatorship's repression, constituted one of the greatest crises for peasant resistance in Brazil. With the re-democratization of the country in the 1980s, the agro-export/agro-industrial model was consolidated alongside the territorialization of the struggle for land, with the spread of land-occupations as well as the struggle for agrarian reform. During the 1990s, peasant movements struggling for land multiplied, broadening the conflict and increasing the number of rural assentamentos (settlements), and the MST was at the forefront of that process.


It is shown that the velocity of a moving pattern can be determined from records obtained at spaced sensors without assuming that the spatial and temporal correlation functions have the same functional form.


This chapter focuses on Newton's treatise, Of Natures obvious laws & processes in vegetation. The treatise begins with a detailed consideration of the similarities and differences between mineral generation and that of animals and vegetables, then passes to a quite original theory of the different methods by which nature produces two common products, sea salt and niter, incidentally invoking the aerial niter theory of Sendivogius. After this, Newton presents his view that the earth is itself a living creature and uses its respiration to account for gravity, leading him into an intricate discussion of different "airs" as well as the relationship of even more subtle materials, namely, ether and the "body" of light. From here he launches into a discussion of God and attempts to improve on the proofs that René Descartes had supplied for the existence of the divinity. In the final paragraphs of the text, Newton returns to the theme of generation and employs the principle of vegetability to distinguish between the growth and activity imparted by nature from the more superficial processes of mechanism.


Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, JapanWe use quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) simulations to study the combined effects of harmonicconfinement and temperature for bosons in a two dimensional optical lattice. The scale invariant,finite temperature, state diagram is presented for the Bose-Hubbard model in terms of experimentalparameters – the particle number, confining potential and interaction strength. To distinguish thenature of the spatially separated superfluid, Mott Insulator and normal Bose liquid phases, weexamine the local density, compressibility, superfluid density and Green's function. In the annularsuperfluid rings, as the width of the ring decreases, the long range superfluid correlations start todeviate from an equivalent homogeneous 2D system. At zero temperature, the correlation decay isintermediate between 1D and 2D, while at finite temperature, the decay is similar to that in 1D ata much lower temperature. The calculations reveal shortcomings of the local density approximation(LDA) in describing superfluid properties of trapped bosons. We also present the finite temperaturephase diagram for the homogeneous two dimensional Bose-Hubbard model. We compare our statediagram with the results of a recent experiment at NIST on a harmonically trapped 2D lattice [Phys.Rev. Lett. 105, 110401 (2010)], and identify a finite temperature effect in the experiment.


The present invention discloses a method for adjusting the engine air-fuel ratio. In one example, in response to a post-catalyst oxygen sensor duty cycle and frequency adjusting an engine air-fuel ratio. This method can improve the catalyst efficiency.


Optical character recognition is the process of conversion of images of text into machine-encoded text electronically or mechanically. The text on image can be handwritten, typed or printed. Some of the examples of image source can be a picture of a document, a scanned document or a
 text which is superimposed on an image. Most optical character recognition system does not give a 100% accurate result. This project aims at analyzing the error rate of a few open source optical character recognition systems (Boxoft OCR, ABBY, Tesseract, Free Online OCR etc.) on a set of diverse
 documents and makes a comparative study of the same. By this, we can study which OCR is the best suited for a document.


Device for controlling a lubricating oil pressure of an internal combustion engine, with an oil pump (10) and at least one pressure oil conveyed from one of the oil pump (10) is acted upon Absteuerventileinrichtung (36) having at least one shutoff valve (20, 30, 40), by means of a valve (19) a low pressure level and a high pressure level of the pressure oil can be adjusted, wherein, depending on the set pressure level different active surfaces (22, 32, 42, 43) of one or more working pistons (22 ', 32', 44) of the Absteuerventileinrichtung (36) are acted upon by the pressure oil, wherein - the Absteuerventileinrichtung (36) has at least two parallel-connected Absteuerventile (20, 30) and the valve (19) in a control line (26) between the control inputs (23, 33) of the two Absteuerventile (20, 30) is arranged, or wherein - the Absteuerventileinrichtung (36) comprises a shutoff valve (40), which can be acted upon by a control pressure working piston (44) at least two different active surfaces (42, 43), characterized in that formed the valve (19) as a 3/2-way valve connecting in one position, a control line (28) having an oil sump (48).


Microcirculatory disturbances contribute to the expansion of infarct lesions after focal cerebral ischemia. Recently, it was shown that Rho‐kinase involves in endothelial dysfunction via down‐regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase function in a rodent stroke model. However, it is not clear whether endothelial Rho‐kinase is activated in vivo or Rho‐kinase activation contributes to microcirculatory disturbances after cerebral ischemia. In this study, we assessed the temporal and spatial profiles of Rho‐kianse activity and the effect of the Rho‐kinase inhibitor fasudil on microcirculatory disturbances in the focal brain ischemia. Rho‐kinase activation was evaluated by analyzing the phosphorylation of adducin, a substrate of Rho‐kinase, by immunohistochemistry. Staining for p‐adducin was found in endothelia in the ischemic area 6 hr after induction of ischemia. Microcirculatory disturbances and increased endothelial cell staining for von Willebrand factor (vWF) were observed in the same area. Postischemic treatment with fasudil suppressed endothelial Rho‐kinase activation, preserved microcirculation, and inhibited endothelial cell vWF staining. These effects resulted in inhibition of infarct expansion and improvement of neurologic deficits. These findings indicate that Rho‐kinase is activated in the endothelial cells and contributes to microcirculatory disturbances in cerebral ischemia. The vascular protective effect of Rho‐kinase inhibitors may be useful in the treatment of the acute phase of ischemic stroke. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Abstract: Evaluating the potential for anthropogenic habitats to act as surrogates for the natural habitats they replace is a key issue in conservation biology. In California, flooded rice fields are used by numerous aquatic birds during winter. If this habitat functions similarly to more natural wetlands, increased flooding may help replace the extensive wetlands that occurred in the region prior to agricultural development. I tested whether food abundance, perceived predation threat, foraging performance, and the way in which birds allocate their time to different behaviors differed between flooded rice fields and seminatural wetlands for several species of aquatic bird. When appropriate, I also compared flooded and unflooded fields. Invertebrate densities did not differ among habitats. Seminatural wetlands had less rice grain but more seeds from other plants than the two rice habitats. The frequency with which predators passed over a feeding area was lower in flooded fields than in unflooded fields or seminatural wetlands. Most differences in feeding performance and time allocation among habitats were small and statistically insignificant. For some species, feeding efficiency was greater in seminatural wetlands than in flooded fields. Increasing attack rates and the amount of time spent feeding when in flooded fields, however, may allow birds to compensate for reduced efficiency. Multivariate analyses showed that group size, predation threat, time of day, date, and water depth often were associated with behaviors, but that these variables rarely accounted for habitat differences. Flooded fields apparently provide equivalent foraging habitat to seminatural wetlands and, because of reduced predation threat, may be a safer habitat for waterbirds. Thus, if managed appropriately, one of the world's dominant forms of agriculture can provide valuable waterbird habitat.


Graphical Abstract Summary: Wooden boards were obtained from 3 cheese-processing facilities and assessed for bacterial diversity. Samples were obtained from the surface and at depths of 0.2 and 0.9 cm. DNA was extracted and amplified by PCR and 16S rRNA analysis was performed to identify bacterial communities present on the surface and within the boards. Although there was board-to-board variation in both diversity and richness, all boards contained bacteria in the phyla Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria. In general, the boards selected for saltand cold-tolerant bacteria, with 7 operational taxonomic units (Staphylococcus, Brevibacterium, Psychrobacter, Brachybacterium, Jeotgalicoccus, Nocardiopsaceae, and Yaniella) forming a core microbiota found on all boards.


Objective: To explore the role of estimating endometrial volume by Virtual Organ Computer-aided AnaLysis (VOCAL) and it's correlation with endometrial thickness, on the day of hCG, in prediction of IVF/ICSI success. Patients and Methods: It was a prospective study that was carried out at Al-Amin Maternity Hospital, Saudi Arabia. Endometrial thickness and volume were measured in women undergoing an IVF/ICSI cycle, on the day of HCG, using the 3D transvaginal ultrasound probe. as to endometrial volume calculated into 3 subgroups; < 3ml, 3-5ml, and >5ml, according to endometrial thickness into 3 groups; <7mm, 7-12mm and >12mm. Success rate of IVF/ICSI was compared between all groups. study no significant difference in clinic- between all pregnancy three groups endometrial Pregnancy three of no significant difference in pregnancy all in both endometrial and endometrial Endometrial thickeness on day of hCG better predictor success IVF/


A refutation mechanism is introduced into logic programming, dual to the usual proof mechanism; then negation is treated via refutation. A four-valued logic is appropriate for the semantics: true, false, neither, both. Inconsistent programs are allowed, but inconsistencies remain localized. The four-valued logic is a well-known one, due to Belnap, and is the simplest example of the Ginsberg bilattice notion. An efficient implementation based on semantic tableaux is sketched; it reduces to SLD resolution when negations are not involved. The resulting system can give reasonable answers to queries that involve both negation and free variables. Also, it gives the same results as Prolog when there are no negations. Finally, an implementation in Prolog is given.<<ETX>>


The authors report on a new measurement of the branching ratio B(K{sub L} {yields} {pi}{sup 0}{gamma}{gamma}) using the KTeV detector. They reconstruct 1982 events with an estimated background of 608, that results in B(K{sub L} {yields} {pi}{sup 0}{Gamma}{gamma}) = (1.29 {+-} 0.03{sub stat} {+-} 0.05{sub syst}) x 10{sup -6}. They also measure the parameter, a{sub V}, which characterizes the strength of vector meson exchange terms in this decay. They find a{sub V} = -0.31 {+-} 0.05{sub stat} {+-} 0.07{sub syst}. These results utilize the full KTeV data set collected from 1997 to 2000 and supersede earlier KTeV measurements of the branching ratio and a{sub V}.


AbstractGomori's one-step trichrome stain eliminated vagaries of differentiation inherent in multi-step methods, but fine connective tissue fibers are sometimes poorly stained. Lowering the pH of the dye solution to 1.3 yielded uniform coloration of Carnoy-fixed collagen, but not of formalin-fixed material. Therefore, effects of fixatives (Carnoy's fluid, methacarn, unbuffered and buffered neutral formalin, traditional and modified Zenker-formol) on dye binding by connective tissues containing type I, III, IV and V collagens were investigated.Pretreatment of sections with Bouin's solution was essential for satisfactory dye binding. All collagens in Carnoy- and methacarn-fixed tissues were intensely stained. The coloration of coarse (type I) collagen fibers varied little with the mode of fixation. After fixation in unbuffered 10% formalin, reticulum fibers (type III), basement membranes and related structures (type IV and V collagen) were often indistinct. Buffered neutral formalin and Zenker-formol had a ...


This study examines how English and Korean speakers identify English high front vowels. Using the synthesized /i/-/ I / continuum I tested whether they relied on spectral steps or vowel durations. I also checked the response times of this continuum. The perception experiments showed that English speakers relied on both spectral steps and vowel duration, whereas Koreans relied on vowel durations only. English speakers response time patterns were based on vowel durations. Korean speakers response times were also based on vowel durations but did not show consistent patterns. Korean speakers response times were faster than those of English speakers.


AbstractThis research aims to know 1) the process of making acid‐base indicator, 2) the way to use it, 3)the changing of colour caused by this indicator, 4) the way to make pH trajectory from tapak daraflower.This research was conducted in a two‐stage method; they are the making of pH indicator in theform of liquid and paper and that of pH trajectory as pH indicator.The result of the research shows that pH indicator from tapak dara flower in the form of liquidand paper shows a different colour in the condition of acid and base. This indicator can be used todetermine pH solution by matching the colour formed in the solution and that in pH trajectory. Theconclusions of this research are 1) liquid indicator is produced from the extraction of tapak dara flower,this extract is from the soaking of this flower with alcohol 70% and paper indicator is made by plungingfilter paper into this extract; 2) liquid indicator is used by dropping it into the solution that will be testedits pH and paper indicator by plunging the paper into the solution; 3) liquid and paper pH indicator fromtapak dara flower shows the changing of colour in the acid and base condition being observed; and 4) pHtrajectory is made by observing the changing of colour that is made its trajectory.Key Words: pH indicator, tapak dara flower, pH trajectory


(56) References Cited U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS 3,850,995 11/1974 Horlenko et al. ............... 260/621 G 3,962,350 6/1976 Horlenko et al. .................... 260/621 Primary Examiner-James O. Thomas, Jr. Assistant Examiner-Werren B. Lone Attorney, Agent, or Firn-William C. Clarke; Arthur G. Gilkes; William T. McClain 57 ABSTRACT Aromatic aldehydes wherein the aldehyde group is directly attached to the aromatic ring are oxidized di rectly to phenolic compounds in the vapor phase. Tar and carbonaceous product formation are minimized by the method of preheating and mixing the reactants and by a rapid reaction temperature quench of the reaction mixture to below 0° C. Mixing temperature is 300-350 C. and reaction temperature is 400-600 C. at 1-10 atmosphere pressure.


Abstract: DNA or nucleic acid immunization has been shown to induce both antigen‐specific cellular and humoral immune responses in vivo. Moreover, immune responses induced by DNA immunization can be enhanced and modulated by the use of molecular adjuvants. To engineer the immune response in vivo towards more T‐helper (Th)1‐type cellular responses, we investigated the co‐delivery of inteferon (IFN)‐γ, interleukin (IL)‐12, and IL‐18 genes along with DNA vaccine constructs. We observed that both antigen‐specific humoral and cellular immune responses can be modulated through the use of cytokine adjuvants in mice. Most of this work has been performed in rodent models. There has been little confirmation of this technology in primates. We also evaluated the immunomodulatory effects of this approach in rhesus macaques, since non‐human primates represent the most relevant animal models for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccine studies. As in the murine studies, we also observed that each Th1 cytokine adjuvant distinctively regulated the level of immune responses generated. Co‐immunization of IFN‐γ and IL‐18 in macaques enhanced the level of antigen‐specific antibody responses. Similarly, co‐delivery of IL‐12 and IL‐18 also enhanced the level of antigen‐specific Th proliferative responses. These results extend this adjuvant strategy in a more relevant primate model and support the potential utility of these molecular adjuvants in DNA vaccine regimens.


Rupprecht and Nagarjan (2014). Current Laboratory Techniques in Rabies Diagnosis, Research and Prevention, Volume 1, 1st Edition ; Elsevier store.elsevier.com/Current-Laboratory-Techniques-in-Rabies-Diagnosis-Research-and-Prevention-Volume-1/isbn-9780128000144/ Laboratory techniques in rabies, 4th edition Meslin et al. (1996) Meslin et al. 1996 A Tissue Culture Infection Test in Routine Rabies Diagnosis Webster, (1987) Can J Vet Res 1987 ; 51 : 367-369 Webster (...)


New "Law of corporation" already started in January 1,2006 to implement,this revision permission sets up a person of company,and to a person of company stipulated that in the registered capital,the shareholder status,sets up aspects and so on registration record item to have the strict stipulation.These stipulated whether can implement,whether a person of company can solve many problems which the substantive person of company brings and so on,the author will obtain from a person of company's stipulation,discusses shallowly to a person of company's understanding.


This issue spotlights research and practice on curriculum making, teaching, and teacher education. Based on lived and practical experiences in education, the authors in this instalment show how engaged inquiry is a form of curriculum in practice (Connelly, He, & Phillion, 2008). In this manner, the authors observe intently their role as educators by inquiring and practising through a self-reflective lens and/or alongside students and colleagues. Thus, whether it be a close-up of a Kindergarten classroom where the curriculum re-shaped and re-figured through the self reflective engagement of the Kindergarten teacher or a broader focus on how college instructors effectively develop their curriculum via practical and meaningful ways for professional development, we witness in this issue how educators experience and make curriculum from their own insightful personal, and professional knowledge, rather than from topdriven policy agendas. This work, indeed, is relevant during our present era of accountability because it transforms our standard concept of 'curriculum practice' into a more illuminating notion of making practice of curriculum through both professional and experienced knowledge. This active inquiry into curriculum, or curriculum making (Clandinin & Connelly, 1992) is relational in nature and is centred on individuals working through curriculum issues, dilemmas, or experiences together with one another. The articles in this issue attend to curriculum making as they focus on: community, reflection, story, collaborative dialogue, and culturally sensitive/culturally responsive pedagogy as, all the while, authors are in relation with others in their field of work.


This book is an account of the development and use of three self-teaching courses-in chemical bonding, electrical circuits and audio-visual communication. Reports on these projects are presented along with brief consideration of such topics as the aims of higher education, traditional methods of university teaching and alternative approaches, student and teacher perceptions of course needs, and theories of learning.


The aim of this research was to analyze, to classify and to compare the characteristics of motherese. The research showed that motherese builds an environment within the interaction where the emotional exchanges, so important to children development, are able to happen and be valorized. It was possible also to notice how the mother makes possible and easier to the kid to go on the dialog, leading and structuring the speech. The criterion was the characteristics quoted by Elliot (1982) and the communicative functions described and quoted by Braz and Salomao (2002) in a mother's talk with her two kids in different ages. A mother and her two kids were observed in this research ( a 3 years and 9 months old girl and a 1 year old boy) sections of mother-kid interaction were filmed in two different moments, the mother with the girl and the mother with the boy.


Infection of L cells with Newcastle disease virus (NDV) results in abortive replication, with the production of very few plaque-forming units (PFU) of virus per cell (W. C. Wilcox, Virology 9:30, 1959; K. Paucker et al., Virology 17:301, 1962). It is known that interferon is synthesized by L cells infected with NDV, and the possibility exists that this endogenously produced inhibitor may be responsible for the abortive replication (W. Henle et al., J. Exptl. Med. 110:525, 1959; J. E. Rodriguez et al., J. Virol. 1:1, 1967). With certain ribonucleic acid (RNA) viruses, enhanced viral replication accompanies the inhibition by actinomycin D of interferon synthesis (E. Heller, Virology 21:652, 1963; R. R. Wagner, Trans. Assoc. Am. Physicians 76:92, 1963). In the present study, the influence of actinomycin D on the synthesis of interferon and on the replication of NDV in L cells was tested. Descriptions of the viruses, cell cultures, and methods used for production and assay of interferon have been given elsewhere (J. S. Youngner et al., J. Bacteriol. 92:862, 1966). Actinomycin D was made available through the courtesy of H. B. Woodruff of Merck, Sharp and Dohme. The influence of suppression of interferon production on the replication of NDV was tested in the following manner. L-cell cultures were treated with different concentrations of actinomycin D and then infected with NDV. The effects of the antibiotic on cellular RNA synthesis (3H-uridine incorporation), interferon production, and virus replication are summarized in Fig. 1. As little as 0.01 ,ug of actinomycin D per ml produced a 23% reduction in labeled uridine incorporation and a 50% reduction in interferon titer. At 0.5 ug of actinomycin D per ml, 3H-uridine incorporation was only 8% of that of the control, and no interferon was detectable in the fluids removed from such cultures after infection with NDV. In contrast, NDV replication was not significantly different in control cultures and in cultures treated with up to 0.1 Mug of actinomycin D per ml. Higher concentrations of antibiotic produced a reduction in virus yield which could be explained, at least in part, by a drop in viability of the cells after 24 hr of exposure to the antibiotic. From the results described in Fig. 1, it was concluded that there was no relationship between interferon production and abortive replication of NDV in L-cell cultures, since inhibition of interferon synthesis by actinomycin D in cells infected with NDV did not enhance the yield of infective virus. The possibility existed that undetected or cell-associated interferon, or inhibitors distinct from interferon, were responsible for the low yield of infective NDV. In an attempt to eliminate this possibility, the ability of a superinfecting virus (Semliki Forest virus-SFV) to replicate was tested in cells in which interferon production was suppressed. This experiment was carried out as follows. Cultures of L cells in 2-oz (56 ml) bottles were divided into four groups. Groups 1 and 3 were treated with actinomycin D (0.5 ug/ml) in the usual manner; i.e., antibiotic was present in all fluids until superinfection with SFV; groups 2 and 4 did not receive the antibiotic. After 1 hr at 37 C, groups 1 and 2 were infected with NDV at an input multiplicity of 5; groups 3 and 4 were not infected with NDV. After 24 hr at 37 C, fluids from each group of cultures were withdrawn and were tested for interferon activity. The cells were challenged with SFV (multiplicity of infection = 8) and incubated for an additional 20 hr at 37 C, after which the fluids from these cultures were harvested and tested for SFV infectivity. The results presented in Table 1 show that, when interferon was produced in response to NDV (group 2), SFV replication was effectively suppressed. In contrast, when interferon production was inhibited by actinomycin D (group 1), SFV replication was almost equal to that obtained in the two control groups (groups 3 and 4) in which cells were not exposed to NDV. The difference in the SFV replication


AIM:To explore the effects of heparin on the expression of leptin and transforming growth factor β1(TGF β1) in rat hepatic stellate cells(HSCs). METHODS: HSCs were divided as follows: heparin groupⅠ(10 μg/mL), Ⅱ(100 μg/mL), Ⅲ(1 000 μg/mL), and control group. The incubation liquid was extracted after cultured 48 h and frosted in -20 ℃. Leptin and TGF β1 were detected by ELISA, the HSC proliferation was measured by MTT assay. RESULTS: The levels of leptin in heparin groupⅡ,Ⅲ were significantly lower than that in control group(P0.01). The level of TGF β1 and the mean absorbance in heparin groups were significantly lower than that in control group(P0.01). CONCLUSION: Heparin can decrease expression of leptin and TGF β1 in HSCs and inhibit proliferation of HSCs.


Dyadobacter fermentans (Chelius MK and Triplett EW, 2000) is the type species of the genus Dyadobacter . It is of phylogenetic interest because of its location in t he Cytophagaceae, a very diverse family within the order ' Sphingobacteriales'. D. fermentans has a mainly respiratory metabolism, stains Gram-negative, is non-motile and oxidase and catalase positive. It is characterized by the pr oduction of cell filaments in ageing cultures, a flexirubin-like pigment and its a bility to ferment glucose, which is almost unique in the aerobically living members of this taxonomically difficult family. Here we describe the features of this organism, together with the complete genome sequence, and annotation. This is the first complete genome sequence of the 'sphingobacterial' genus Dyadobacter , and this 6,967,790 bp long single replicon genome with its 5804 protein-coding and 50 RNA genes is part of the Genomic Encyclopedia of Bacteria and Archaea project. Introduction Dyadobacter fermentans strain NS114 T (DSM 18053 = ATCC 700827 = CIP 107007) is the type strain of the species, which is the type species of the ge nus Dyadobacter. D. fermentans was described by Chelius and Triplett in 2000 [1] as mainly aerobic , but also able to grow by fermentation of glucose, Gram-negative and nonmotile. The organism is of significant interest for its position in the tree of life, because the genus Dyadobacter (currently 7 species, Figure 1) is rather isolated within the family Cytophagaceae [2], as it has less than 88% similarity of the 16S rRNA gene sequence to any other bacteria with standing in nom enclature, with Persicitalea and Runella as closest neighboring genera. Strain NS114 was isolated in a study on the endophytic community of maize plant s, where bacteria were isolated from plants which had been grown using surf ace sterilized seeds in autoclaved synthetic soil in greenhouses [1]. Plant stems were sur face sterilized and crushed prior to plating. The organism was found in stem tissues of plants which were cultivated on a nitrogen-free nutrient solution, but not in the nitrogen-fertilized c ounterparts. The type strain of Runella zeae (NS12) was co-isolated from the same material, although no microscopic evidence has been presented to date that members of these species were living within the plant tissue [1]. Members of the species D. fermentans were regularly found in cysts of the soybean nematode Heterodera glycines [3]. D. fermentans was also isolated from contaminated soil as a result of its ability to grow on 7,8-benzoquinoline [4], an N-containing heterocycli aromatic hydrocarbon (azaarene) widely distributed in products of incomplete combustion processes, with toxic and cancerogenic effects. Two isolates from a li me stone cavern in Arizona (DQ207364 and DQ207362) display significant 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 98%. Only few closely related phylotypes from environmental sample s and global surveys are recorded to be highly related to D. fermentans , a fact suggesting that members of this taxon are not very abundant: Three clones of uncultured bacteria of a deep sea sediment collected at the Western Tropical Pacific Warm Pool in the Pacific Ocea n (AM085468, AM085473 and AM085489) and one of the activated sludge of a membrane bioreactor (E U283373) are recorded (status May 2009). Intrageneric similarity within t he genus Dyadobacter is rather low [5]. D. fermentans has been recognized by its flexirubin-like yellow pigment and b y its growth as flocculent filaments of ovoid rods in old cultures [1]. The rod-shaped c ells of strain NS114 T occur polarly attached in groups of 2-4 cells during logarithmic g rowth, cells being frequently arranged at an angle to give V-formations. As the culture ages, irr gular filaments or ovoid rods form (Figure 2) which sediment as fluffs in liquid culture [1] . The cells are Gramnegative, non-motile and non-sporulating, oxidase and catalase positive. Li ke many plant associated bacteria, strain NS114 T produces copious amounts of slime when grown on nitrogen-limited agar. The organism grows aerobically, however is also reported to be able to ferment glucose and sucrose in the O/F-test in Hugh-Leifson's medi u [1, 5], which according to our own observations might be an experimental artefact due to prolonged incubation [IDA]. The colony colour of strain NS114 T is yellow to orange [1, 5]. The absorbance maximum of an ethanol extract of the cells is at 450 nm , and the absorbance peak broadens under alkaline conditions, which is a typical feature of flexi rubin-like pigments [1]. This pigment was found in all six species of the genus Dyadobacter thus confirming that the presence of the pigment is a property of the genus [6-10]. Here we present a summary classification and a set of featur es fo D. fermentans, strain NS114 (Table 1), together with the description of the complete genomic sequencing and annotation. Classification and features of organism Figure 1 shows the phylogenetic neighborhood of D. fermentans strain NS114 T in a 16S rRNA based tree. Analysis of the four 16S rRNA gene sequences in the genome of strain NS114 indicated that three copies are almost identical, and one differs by seven nucleotides from these. The sequences of the three identical 16S rRNA genes differ by two nucleotides from the previously published 16S rRNA sequence generated from DSM 18053 ( AF1 7029). The slight differences between the genome data and the reported 16S r RNA gene sequence is probably due to sequencing errors in the previously reported sequence data. Figure 1. Phylogenetic tree of D. fermentans strain NS114T, all type strains of the genus Dyadobacter and the most closely related Cytophagaceae type strains, inferred from 1378 aligned characters [11, 12] of the 16S rRNA sequence under the maximu m parsimony criterion [13]. The tree was rooted with Emticicia and Leadbetterella, members of the family Cytophagaceae . The branches are scaled in terms of the minimal number of substi tutions across all sites. Numbers above branches are support values from 1000 bo otstrap replicates if larger than 60%. Strains with a genome sequencing project registe d in GOLD [14] are printed in blue; published genomes in bold. Figure 2. Scanning electron micrograph of D. fermentans NS114 Chemotaxonomy. The whole cells fatty acid pattern of strain NS114 T is dominated by unsaturated, and saturated iso-branched, straight chain unsaturated and l arge amounts of isobranched, hydroxylated species. Major components are iso-C 15:0-2OH and/or C16:1ω7c (43.5%), C16:1 ω5c (17.5%) and iso-C 15:0 (16.8). Considerable amounts of the 3-hydroxylated fatty acids iso-C15:0-3OH, C16:0-3OH and iso-C17:0 -3OH are detected [1]. The quinone composition has not been investigated for strain NS114 . The main component reported for the closely related type strains of D. ginsengisoli and D. alkalitolerans is menaquinone MK-7 [8, 10]. Cells of strain NS114 T contain spermidine as the major cellular polyamine and putrescine, cadaverine and spermine as minor components. The latter c ompound was not detected in any of the three other strains studied to date of th e amily Cytophagaceae , representing Flexibacter flexilis, Microscilla marina, and D. beijingensis [15]. The polar lipid composition has not been investigated in either this strain or other me mbers of the genus Dyadobacter . Table 1. Classification and general features of D. fermentans NS114 in accordance with the MIGS recommendations [16] MIGS ID Property Term Evidence code Current classification Domain Bacteria Phylum 'Bacteroidetes' Class 'Sphingobacteria' TAS [2] Order  'Sphingobacteriales' TAS [2] Family Cytophagaceae TAS [17] Genus Dyadobacter TAS [1] Species Dyadobacter fermentans TAS [1] Type strain NS114 Gram stain negative TAS [1] Cell shape rods in pairs or chains TAS [1] Motility nonmotile TAS [1] Sporulation non-sporulating TAS [1] Temperature range mesophilic TAS [1] Optimum temperature not reported TAS [1] Salinity tolerates up to 15g NaCl/L TAS [1] MIGS-22 Oxygen requirement essentially aerobic Carbon source glucose and sucrose TAS [1] no acid production from glucose detectable aerobically, carbohydrates such as sugars, sugar alcohols and carbonic acids but no polymers such as starch, cellulose or gelatin Energy source ferments glucose and sucrose TAS [1] MIGS-6 Habitat endophytic in stems of maize plants TAS [2] cysts of nematode Heterodera glycines TAS [3] contaminated soil TAS [4] MIGS-15 Biotic relationship free-living MIGS-14 Pathogenicity none TAS [1] Biosafety level 1 TAS [18] Isolation surface sterilized stems of maize plants grown in sterile soil without nitrogen fertilizer under green house conditions TAS [1] MIGS-4 Geographic location Madison-Wisconsin; USA MIGS-5 Sample collection time not reported MIGS-4.1 MIGS-4.2 Latitude – Longitude 43.1, -89.4 MIGS-4.3 Depth not reported MIGS-4.4 Altitude not reported Evidence codes IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay (first tim e in publication); TAS: Traceable Author Statement (i.e., a direct report exists in the literatur e); NAS: Non-traceable Author Statement (i.e., not directly observed for the living, isolated sampl e, but based on a generally accepted property for the species, or anecdotal evidence). These e videnc codes are from http://www.geneontology.org/GO.evidence.shtml of the Gene Ontology project [19]. If the evidence code is IDA, then the property should have been directly observ ed, for the purpose of this specific publication, for a live isolate by one of the authors , or an expert or reputable institution mentioned in the acknowledgements. Genome sequencing and annotation information Genome project history This organism was selected for sequencing on the basis of its phylogenetic position, and is part of the Genomic Encyclopedia of Bacteria and Archaea project. The genome project is deposited in the Genomes OnLine Database [14] and the complete genome s equence in GenBank NOT YET. Sequenci


In outdoor activities and disaster environments, a portable microdevice is very important for the rapid purification of field drinking water. Smart cryogels were fabricated by one-pot copolymerization among acrylamide (AM) monomers, 2-(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) monomers, and cellulose nanocrystal/zinc oxide (CNC/ZnO) nanorod clusters through a simple ice-template method. The effect of nanohybrid contents on microstructural, thermal, swelling, and antibacterial properties of cryogels-ZnO was investigated. With the incorporation of 1 wt % CNC/ZnO, the cryogels showed macroporous-networked structures with a high porosity of 93% and homogeneous nanorod clusters on the macroporous wall. Cryogels-ZnO showed high mechanical strength in both dry and wet states, an adsorption capacity of 30.8 g/g, superfast adsorption time (2.5 s), and a stable swelling–deswelling ability after 10 cycles. Additionally, the adsorption capacity of cryogels-ZnO presented a dual temperature/pH response. Upon treatment...


College education in the Song and Ming Dynasties engendered a promotion toward the social civilization. However, the upper college education fell into a chronic disease of inanity and voidness. As an illuminative thinker in the intersection of Ming and Qing Dynasties, Yanyuan stood by real learning and against Confucian school of idealist philosophy of the Song and Ming dynasties. He completely transformed the education conceptions prevailing in the Song-Ming Colleges, determined a heroic idea about emperorship and kingdom, and launched a reformation towards the traditional schooling methods held in colleges. Yanyuan committed himself to the training of people with outstanding talents. He attached great importance to real learning, practices and initiative. His college education contains affluent illuminative thought and has huge significance of reference for the generations to come.


The Project ECOSTAR (5. EC Framework Programme) on Ex-Vessel Core Melt Stabilisation Research is oriented towards the analysis and mitigation of severe accident sequences that could occur in the ex-vessel phase of a postulated core melt accident. Spreading of the corium melt on the available basement surface is an important process, which defines the initial conditions for concrete attack and for the efficiency of cooling in case of water contact, respectively. The transfer and spreading of the melt on the basement is one of the major issues in ECOSTAR. This is addressed here by a spreading code benchmark involving a large-scale spreading experiment that is used for the validation of the existing spreading codes. The corium melt is simulated by a mixture of Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}, SiO{sub 2}, CaO and FeO with a sufficiently wide freezing interval. In the 3-dim benchmark test ECOKATS-1 170 litres of oxide melt are poured onto a 3 m by 4 m concrete surface with a low flow rate of about 2 l/s. From the results of an additional 2-dim channel experiment some basic rheological data (e.g. initial viscosity) are obtained in order to minimise the uncertainty in material properties of the melt. The participatingmore » spreading codes CORFLOW (Framatome ANP/FZK), LAVA (GRS), and THEMA (CEA) differ from each other by their focus of modelling and the assumptions made to simplify the relevant transport equations. In a first step both experiments (3-dim/2-dim) are calculated blindly by the participating codes. This serves for an overall assessment of the codes capabilities to predict the spreading of a melt with rather unknown material properties. In a second step the 3-dim experiment ECOKATS-1 is recalculated by the codes with the more precise knowledge of the rheological behaviour of the oxide melt in the 2-dim experiment. This, in addition, serves for the validation of the codes' capabilities to predict the spreading of a melt with well-known material properties. Based on the benchmark results and taking the specific validation process for each of the three codes applied into account, it is recommended that the spreading issue for reactor safety research be considered closed. (authors)« less


A noninvasive scintigraphic technique was used to estimate enterogastric reflux and subsequent gastric evacuation of refluxate in 35 normal, healthy subjects and 55 patients previously treated by vagotomy or partial gastrectomy. Reflux was provoked by a milk drink and quantitated by counting 99Tcm-EHIDA activity within the gastric area during gamma camera imaging. Seven normal subjects (20%) showed reflux of 5–18% of initial activity (mean: 10%), with peak values occurring at 5–30 minutes (mean: 14 minutes) following the milk. Gastric evacuation of activity in these subjects was monoexponential (r = 0.993, T1/2 = 24.1 minutes). Reflux occurred more frequently than normal in patients with truncal vagotomy and drainage (22/28 patients) and partial gastrectomy (20/21 patients). All of 16 patients with Billroth II anastomoses exhibited reflux, which was excessive compared with refluxing normal subjects (mean: 25%; p lt; 0.01) and occurred later into the study (mean: 34 minutes; p lt; 0.01). Ten of 11 asymptomatic patients showed reflux of similar amounts of activity (mean: 21%) compared with 16 patients who complained of bile vomiting (mean: 22%). However, asymptomatic patients exhibited gastric evacuation of refluxate at a rate similar to that of refluxing normal subjects, while bile vomiters showed significant gastric retention of refluxate at 25–30 minutes following peak gastric activity (p lt; 0.05). This result confirms that postoperative bile vomiting is essentially a problem of gastric emptying.


HPC Colony II has been a 36-month project focused on providing portable performance for leadership class machines—a task made difficult by the emerging variety of more complex computer architectures. The project attempts to move the burden of portable performance to adaptive system software, thereby allowing domain scientists to concentrate on their field rather than the fine details of a new leadership class machine. To accomplish our goals, we focused on adding intelligence into the system software stack. Our revised components include: new techniques to address OS jitter; new techniques to dynamically address load imbalances; new techniques to map resources according to architectural subtleties and application dynamic behavior; new techniques to dramatically improve the performance of checkpoint-restart; and new techniques to address membership service issues at scale.


the disorder has been developed.26 This simple screening questionnaire, which relies on self-reporting, has been specifically designed for use by the primary health care team during routine contacts and has been well validated in the community.27 The important topic of predicting at risk women before delivery is being addressed in current research. Health care professionals should be aware of the possibility of problems in the mother-infant relationship arising because of postnatal depression. Postnatally depressed mothers are likely to be socially isolated and emotionally unsupported,28 29 and general practitioners, midwives, and health visitors are particularly well placed to provide support through their routine professional contacts-thereby dealing with the very deficits that are associated with maternal depression. Health professionals therefore need to pay attention to the emotional aspects of pregnancy, childbirth, and early infant care and to ensure that the topic is covered during training.


One of the most important consequences of the inflationary paradigm is that it provides us with a causal explanation of how initial density inhomogeneities that source future density fluctuations, as observed in the Universe in for example the clustering of galaxies, can be laid out on super Hubble scales. In current literature, a pressing contradiction can be observed between the quantum character of the initial density inhomogeneities as a consequence of inflation and the classical stochastic behaviour as assumed by large scale structure theory. A possible solution to this question can be provided by making use of the quantum theory of decoherence, accounting for the quantumto-classical transition in the early Universe [1]. In this thesis, we apply the decoherence formalism to the initial density perturbations during inflation and examine a particularly convenient interaction term exhibiting the required symmetry properties between gravity waves already present in the early Universe and these initial matter fluctuations. The gravity waves act as an environment of the matter fluctuations, forcing the latter to decohere as seen by the Newtonian potential (the observer). Furthermore, we use the Functional Schrödinger picture to calculate the propagator kernel for this particular system of interest. One very appealing property of our propagator kernel is that it is causal since it originates from the commutator. We thus prove that quantum mechanics behaves causally. We construct the reduced density matrix of our matter perturbations gravitational wave system, where the gravity waves have been integrated out because they are not accessible to the observer. We assume that we can safely treat the interaction term perturbatively and that we can neglect the backreaction of the two fields and the occurring non-gaussianities. A general feature of the decoherence formalism is that the reduced density matrix is diagonal if the system is decohered, or, equivalently, an increase in the entropy can be observed. The latter approach being more quantitative, we calculate the Wigner transform of the reduced density matrix, which can easily be connected to the entropy. As yet, we are unable to show whether gravitational waves can decohere the matter fluctuations during inflation and more calculations need to be performed. Particularly, we still need to insert the causal propagators for our particular system into the expression of the entropy.


The most typical trait of crassuracean aci metabolism, CAM, is that massive atmospheric CO2 is taken up via phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) carboxylase (PEPC) using PEP produced in glycolysis. It appears that regulation of PEPC plays a central role in the control of CAM (Nimmo et al. 1990). PEP of the substrate for PEPC catalysis is supplied by glycolysis at night; by day, the glycolysis pathway works to convert the C3-residues of malate decarboxylation into sugars. Glycolysis]is the metabolic pathway from glycogen to pyruvate in the living cell, and phosphofructokinase (PFK) has been recognized as a key enzyme in the control of the metabolic flow (Plaxton, 1996). PFK has two isozymes, which use different energy donors for catalysis (Plaxton, 1996). Especially in pineapple CAM, PPi-PFK (PFP), using pyrophosphate (PPi), was more active than ATP-dependent PFK (Black et al. 1996). While plant PFP has a heteromeric arrangement composed by αand βsubunits, Tripodi and Podesta (1997) showed that the pineapple leaf PFP possessed a homodimeric (β-type) quaternary structure. Although PFP was shown to be highly regulated by Fru-2,6-P2 (Stitt, 1990), the glycolic activity of pineapple leaf PFP showed a larger change between day and night than the Fru-2,6-P2 did (Shaheen and Nose, 2000). This study examined the chromatographic properties of pineapple leaf PFP.


Europe's political leaders are deeply divided over how to manage the economic consequences of the Covid-19 outbreak. Dimitris Katsikas writes that without a sizeable common funding mechanism, the danger is that European economies will be on very different fiscal and macroeconomic trajectories once the health crisis is over. However, the correction of these imbalances would come at a high economic and political cost, and further divisions between states could ultimately put the future of the Eurozone at risk.


In order to optimize the axial irradiation uniformity of a laser in plasma, this paper investigates the role played by the compound lens using a ray-tracing method. Obtained results show that the adoption of the compound lens is capable of increasing the axial line-focus length. Meanwhile, after the energy attenuation in the plasma has been considered, moderating the optical parameter of the compound lens to obtain the corresponding energy output to compensate for the attenuation optimizes the irradiation uniformity along the focal line.


For the organisation development practitioner the problem of value is to do with modes of conduct or desired end‐states and the movement towards these. The alternatives appear to be for the OD practitioner to make the value base as explicit as possible, or to act as third party to an organisational situation, concerned with existential knowledge and increasing the level of political discussion over desired end‐states among managers. In this latter manner organisational change activities can be geared to progressively changing realities.


The excited triplet-state (1{ital s}2{ital s},{sup 3}{ital S}) helium atom (He{sup *}) is long-lived (2.5 h) in isolation. We have investigated the properties of a hypothetical condensed phase of spin-polarized He{sup *} on the bcc and fcc lattices using density-functional theory and the full-potential linear-augmented-plane-wave method. We found that each lattice provides over 1 eV of binding as a metallic {ital s}-{ital p} ferromagnet with a 1-eV indirect gap, and a 4-eV direct gap, between the occupied spin-up and the unoccupied spin-down bands. The surprising existence of such a gap suggests that condensed He{sup *} might also be metastable.


Given the popularity of video games and the influences they may pose on individuals' psychology and behavior, the present study analyses whether video game playing among university students can be correlated with traits associated with an entrepreneur's profile, which may, in turn, lead to an entrepreneurial intent. The results of the study reveal that students who do play video games show a higher entrepreneurial intent, this relationship being mediated by several psychological and cognitive characteristics. With regards to the psychological and cognitive factors studied, the results also suggest that a favorable attitude towards playing videogames fosters students' entrepreneurial potential and has a positive effect on the entrepreneurial intent.


This article locates social media management literature in relation to broader shifts in management ideology. While studies of recent management ideology have highlighted its emphasis on the participation and autonomy of labor, they have largely failed to address how similar discourses have developed with respect to the informal 'digital labor' of social media users. I argue that the 'new spirit of capitalism' has spread from the formal workplace to the internet, and from the employee to the user. More specifically, I carry out a thematic analysis of 'Web 2.0 manifestoes' that finds them to be animated by three central 'frames': (a) user participation; (b) the pooling together of the contributions arising from that participation via the network; and (c) the resulting transformation of business and society. I conclude by pointing to the persistence of these sorts of 'normative' managerial discourses around social media, even with the recent prevalence of more 'rational' data-centered discourses.


Abstract. The efficiency of the Alfvén impulse excitation in the auroral zone of the terrestrial magnetosphere upon the onset of the anomalous field-aligned resistance has been estimated. The impulsive disturbance excited during the onset of anomalous field-aligned resistance and electric field may signify the transition of a global magnetospheric instability into the explosive phase with positive feedback. We consider the self-consistent problem on excitation of anomalous resistance at the front of field-aligned current and reverse influence upon it from the induced currents. The analytical solution of the self-consistent problem has shown that during the entrance of field-aligned current front into the anomalous resistivity layer (ARL) an Alfvénic impulse is generated. The interaction of the external current with ARL results in the delay of the current growth. The impulse duration and delay time depend on the ratio between the Alfvén damping scale and external current width. The solution obtained indicates the possibility of using the Alfvénic impulse as an indicator of distant occurrence of anomalous resistance.


The total amount of cultural consumption by residents increases as their leisure time goes up.Cultural activities of Jiangsu provincial urban residents have a unique situation and characteristics.Quantitative analysis is carried out to study the cultural consumption contents,consumption frequencies,possession and use of hardware devices,relative choices of cultural products,the driving forces behind cultural consumption activities,and experience evaluation of cultural consumption.This paper also proposes some strategies for boosting a deep development of Jiangsu cultural industrial market.


The vaporization of LiI was investigated in the range between 583 and 726 K by Knudsen effusion mass spectrometry (KEMS). The ionization or the appearance energies (IE or AE) of all kinds of ions formed from the equilibrium vapour over solid lithium iodide were determined using Vogt and Pascual's deconvolution method. For the determination of vapour pressure two methods, viz. mass-loss Knudsen effusion and Knudsen effusion mass spectrometry were applied. The mean natural logarithms of the equilibrium vapour pressures (in Pa) of monomer and all kinds of oligomers, that can be detected using KEMS, as a function of temperature, can be expressed as follows:

The molecular structure and the harmonic vibrational frequencies of (LiI)n species (n = 1,2,3,4) were predicted using ab initio molecular orbital methods. Both the bond dissociation energies and the enthalpy changes of dissociation of (LiI)n oligomers were evaluated and compared with the measured enthalpy change data. Using the calculated geometry and the vibration frequencies, the thermodynamic functions of (LiI)n could be calculated, making it possible to compare the second and third law thermodynamic data. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Methods This retrospective cohort study, which used a US commercial insurance claims database, included patients aged 40 years or older with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), breast cancer, or lung cancer who initiated chemotherapy between January 1, 2006 and March 31, 2010. The primary endpoint was the risk of neutropenia-related hospitalization during the first chemotherapy course. We used cubic spline modeling to estimate the association between neutropenia-related hospitalization and age, adjusting for patient and treatment characteristics. Logistic regression analyses examined the effects of other risk factors.


I am not sure who in the Scottish NHS said that the author of this feature could not interview doctors or midwives about female genital mutilation.1

I am the senior …


Solar energy, which is essential for all on earth, is
clean and plentiful and can be transformed into electrical energy
using photovoltaic (PV) systems. The generation of energy using
different types of PV solar panel mountings viz. fixed, tracking,
and adjustable, depends on a variety of factors such as sun
intensity, relative humidity, cloud cover, and heat buildup. This
paper reviews the various parameters which influence the
performance of solar power plants. Further, the performance
comparison of fixed and tracking PV systems shows that in
comparison to the classical fixed-position PV systems, the
tracking type of PV systems capture much more solar energy and
thus produce substantially higher output power. Furthermore,
consideration is also given to design variables which should be
taken into account during the initial stage of engineering of a
plant to achieve better performances and outcomes from the
generation of a solar power plant.


In the Canary Islands, there is a hydrological imbalance between water consumption and renewable water availability. To provide more water resources, reverse osmosis (RO) from seawater is used. As boron (B) contents in irrigation water higher than 0.7 mg/L may be dangerous for sensible plants, B concentration in RO water (ROW) may be one of the key factors of irrigation sustainability. Some orchards have been studied after they have used drip irrigation using different water qualities for 30 years. B in water, soils, and banana leaves was determined to check the sustainability of ROW irrigation. When irrigating with ROW, in which B concentration varies between 1.0 and 1.4 mgB/L, B content in banana soils seems to be stabilized at 5–7 mg/kg, and no toxicity has been observed in banana leaves. The proper water and soil management used by the local farmers probably prevent the accumulation of higher B levels in soils. Considering water consumption of 9000 m3∙ha−1∙year−1, 8−11 kgB∙ha−1∙year−1 is applied to the soil. The banana plant removes approximately 1 kgB∙ha−1∙year−1; therefore, only 10% of the total B added gets exported. This raises the following question: is it better to use membranes that are able to reduce B in ROW, increase the leaching fraction, or blend water?


Objective To explore the practicality and superiority of guide wire introduced catheter placement in treatment of male severe urethra stenosis.Methods Seventy-eight severe urethral stenosis patients with failed conventional or cystoscopic catheter inserting were involved,and the catheter was inserted under X-ray by the guide of guide wire.Results Catheter was successfully placed in 75 patients.Catheterization failed in 3 cases,including 2 patients with severe urethral injury causing urethral stricture formation or blind valve chamber,1 patient with very narrow residual cavity not allowing insertion of the guide wire.Conclusion For severe male urethral stenosis that clinical catheter inserting failed to manage,guide wire introduced catheter placement can effectively relieve acute urinary retention,promote the operating space of treatment of reserved urethral stenosis.


The ability of polymer gels to undergo reversible conformational variations when some particular environmental parameter is changed, such as temperature, pH, salt concentration, etc., can be used in the development of microactuators which are characterized by high power-to- weight ratio and built-in compliance. Such actuators could fit the requirements of some advanced bioengineering and robotics applications. Hydrogel fibers, derived from poly(acrylonitrile), show remarkable shrinking and swelling capabilities when the surrounding solution becomes acid or basic, respectively, as well as good resistance to mechanical stresses (Umemoto et al., 1991). An experimental protocol for evaluation of the electro-mechano-chemical properties of this material has been formulated, with the aim of extensively evaluating its performance for possible use as a microactuator. Tests have been grouped into two classes: mechano-chemical tests, in order to evaluate the concentration of the charged sites on the polymeric chain which are responsible for the shrinking and swelling of the gel fiber and to estimate the response of the fiber in terms of produced force density, speed of contraction, resistance to fatigue, maximum borne stress, etc., (when work ing in solutions of different pH values); and electro-mechano-chemical tests, in order to estimate the response of the fiber when the shrinking and swelling are caused by local changes of the pH induced, applying an electric field through the solution in which the hydrogel is immersed. The results show that the hydrogel fiber can generate a force density of 15 kg/cm2 during the shrinking phase, and 60 kg/cm2 in resistance to mechanical stresses. From the rest length, the maximum force exerted can be reached in about 5 seconds. The power-to-weight ratio is found to be about 5 10 4J/kg. A major shortcoming is chemical hysteresis, which could theoretically be eliminated by modifying the initial treatment used to ionize the polymer. The methods used for the characterization of the fiber and the results are presented and discussed.


This account provides first-hand information on a variety of ritual officiants who are regarded as having been "caught" by the goddess Yellamma, a form of the Hindu goddess Renūka found in several pilgrimage centers in northern Karnātaka, South India, and in the village pantheons and household shrines of the people of the region. Among the human agents of Yellamma particular consideration is given to the "transgenderites"--female, erotic men (jōgappa), and male, ascetic women (jōgamma). It is suggested that, in this case at least, the conventional anthropological view that such transformation is a kind of institutionalized ambiguity impedes our understanding of the phenomenon. The nature and significance of ritual transgenderism is explored through a structural analysis of the system of thought and practice which defines the Yellamma cult.


In this paper, the operation properties and judgement conditions of a finite volume powergroup are discussed. By the action of the group G  on a powergroup ,the conditions of a noempty subset of the powerset P(G) becoming a powergroup was given.


Objective: To investigate the diagnostic performance of serum human epididymis protein 4 (HE4), mannose-binding lectin-associated serine protease 2 (MASP-2) and Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1) for colorectal cancer, and their correlations with patients' clinicopathological characteristics. Methods: 69 patients with colorectal cancer were enrolled in the study group (SG), and 60 healthy people receiving a physical examination at the same time were enrolled in the control group (CG). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were used to measure the serum levels of HE4, MASP-2, and DKK-1 in the control and colorectal cancer groups at the time of pre-chemotherapy (T0), after the 3rd cycle of chemotherapy (T1), after the 6th cycle of chemotherapy (T2), and after the 8th cycle of chemotherapy (T3). The diagnostic ability of the combined measurement of HE4, MASP-2, and DKK-1 for colorectal cancer, and their correlations with the clinical pathology of colorectal cancer, were observed. Results: At T0, T1 and T3, the SG had statistically higher HE4 and DKK-1 levels and a lower MASP-2 level than the CG (all P<0.001). In the SG, the HE4 and DKK-1 levels were the highest at T0 and the lowest at T3 (P<0.001), but the MASP-1 level was the lowest at T0 and the highest at T3 (P<0.001). According to a Spearman correlation analysis, the HE4, DKK-1, and MASP2 levels correlated with chemotherapy time (P<0.001). An ROC curve demonstrated that combined HE4, MASP-2, and DKK-1 have a diagnostic ability in colorectal cancer (P<0.001). The HE4 levels were statistically different in the different clinical stages, differentiation degrees, T stage, and N stage (P<0.001). The MASP-2 levels were statistically different (P<0.001) in the various differentiation degrees. The DKK-1 levels were statistically different in the different histological classifications, clinical stages, differentiation degrees, T stage, and N stage (P<0.001). Conclusion: The levels of HE4 and DKK-1 in the serum of patients with colorectal cancer are higher than in normal people, but the level of MASP-2 is lower, both of which are closely related to the clinicopathology of colorectal cancer. The combined measurement has a good diagnostic functional ability for colorectal cancer and is expected to become an excellent indicator for the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer.


Concern about the health effects of extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic fields (MF) has been raised by epidemiological studies indicating an association between certain cancers and living near power lines or working in high electric field environments. Alterations in pineal function have been proposed as a mechanism through which power‐frequency MFs may interact with living organisms. A double blind laboratory study was performed to evaluate daytime exposure effects of 100 μT root mean square (rms) 50 Hz MF. Three head exposure sessions of 30 min each were performed: sham, continuous, and intermittent (15 s on/off cycles) MFs were presented to each subject in early or late afternoon (13:30 or 16:30 hr). Twenty‐one healthy male volunteers (20–27 yr old) participated in these 3‐weekly experimental conditions. Blood samples were drawn for serum melatonin measurement, hourly at night (from 20:00 to 07:00 hr) under controlled environmental conditions. Urinary excretion of 6‐sulfatoxymelatonin (aMT6s), the main melatonin metabolite, was measured for a 17 hr period, by means of urine samples taken at 19:00 hr (14:00–19:00 hr "afternoon period"), 23:00 hr (19:00–23:00 hr "evening period"), and 07:00 hr, day 2 (23:00–07:00 hr day 2 "night‐time period"). There were no significant differences in either plasma melatonin or in aMT6s excretion profiles in the three experimental conditions. However, a tendency for a smaller increase of night‐time urinary aMT6s after continuous MF exposure was found (P=0.08) particularly in men with the lower excretion rate of aMT6s ("Low Group") (P=0.07). We conclude that this study does not indicate that daytime acute MF exposure influences either melatonin secretion or aMT6s excretion. Inter‐individual differences in pineal production of melatonin, however, have to be taken into account in further studies.


Introduction:
 Alcohol septal ablation (ASA) is an effective percutaneous procedure used to treat refractory hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM). ASA relieves left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction by creating a targeted infarction in the septal muscle. Diastolic dysfunction and mitral regurgitation are responsible for increased left atrial pressure which contributes to left atrial ectopy. We seek to assess the incidence of atrial arrhythmias post-ASA and identify predictors to risk stratify these patients.

 Methods:
 Using a patient database maintained internally, 144 consecutive patients who underwent ASA for HOCM between March 2017 and February of 2022 at MUSC were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were selected based on the need for cardiac event monitoring after ASA. Patients were retrospectively analyzed for a previous history of atrial fibrillation (AF) as well as a new onset of AF after ASA. SPSS statistics was used for statistical analysis.

 Results:
 A total of 31 patients met final inclusion criteria. During the monitored time, seven patients (22.58%) developed a new onset of AF after ASA. Patients who developed AF post-ASA were found to have a statistically higher left atrial end-systolic volume index (LAESVi, mL/m
 2
 ) and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP, mmHg) (59.96 ± 8.93, 34.33 ± 11.54) when compared to those who did not develop AF (41.13 ± 13.93, 23.33 ± 9.06 (p=0.0003, p=0.0331)).

 Conclusions:
 In this high-risk proportion of patients who required cardiac monitoring post-ASA, there is a higher-than-expected risk for new onset of AF. The left atrial size and left ventricular filling pressures before ablation were the only significant predictors for development of atrial arrhythmias after ASA. Longer-term evaluation will be able to address if the expected reduction in atrial size and LVOT gradient after ASA will reduce the overall long-term burden of atrial arrhythmias.


Tunable optical material properties enable novel applications in both versatile metamaterials and photonic components including optical sources and modulators. Transparent conductive oxides (TCOs) are able to highly tune their optical properties with applied bias via altering their free carrier concentration and hence plasma dispersion. The TCO material indium tin oxide (ITO) exhibits unity-strong index change and epsilon-near-zero behavior. However, with such tuning the corresponding high optical losses, originating from the fundamental Kramers–Kronig relations, result in low cavity finesse. However, achieving efficient tuning in ITO-cavities without using light–matter interaction enhancement techniques such as polaritonic modes, which are inherently lossy, is a challenge. Here we discuss a novel one-dimensional photonic crystal nanobeam cavity to deliver a cavity system offering a wide range of resonance tuning range, while preserving physical compact footprints. We show that a vertical silicon-slot waveguide incorporating an actively gated-ITO layer delivers ∼3.4 nm of tuning. By deploying distributed feedback, we are able to keep the Q-factor moderately high with tuning. Combining this with the sub-diffraction limited mode volume (0.1 (λ/2n)3) from the photonic (non-plasmonic) slot waveguide, facilitates a high Purcell factor exceeding 1000. This strong light–matter-interaction shows that reducing the mode volume of a cavity outweighs reducing the losses in diffraction limited modal cavities such as those from bulk Si3N4. These tunable cavities enable future modulators and optical sources such as tunable lasers.


This week's articles highlight structural insights into peptide loading of MHC; the mechanism by which light opens a channel protein; and how regulation of a host metabolic enzyme affects viral replication. This week's articles highlight structural insights into peptide loading of MHC; the mechanism by which light opens a channel protein; and how regulation of a host metabolic enzyme affects viral replication.


With a brand-new female's view and from the perspective of focusing on the survival of women,Wife and Concubines in Groups,a landmark novella in Su Tong's literary creation presents the readers with the author's brave introspection and interpretation on the history of women's life in old feudal families.It also brings new meanings to the history of women's life recorded in traditional and classic narrations and injects new energy into the ever-degrading literary circle back then,which is thought to be an important reason for the success of the film adapted from Raise the Red Lantern.


Objective To reveal prognostic value of EEG reactivity on comatose patients with acute severe head injury. Methods Sixty-sk comatose patients with acute severe head injury were monitored by digital-EEG for 72 hours, compared the results of EEG reactivity and initial GCS with the prognosis of patients. Results The rate of accuracy, sensibility, specificity of EEG reactivity in prognosis prediction were 95.45% ,97.05% ,93.75% respectively, all of which were higher than that of GCS(71.21% ,56.75% ,89.65%). The error rate of EEG reactivity in prognosis prediction was 3.03% .which was lower than lhat of GCS(14.28%). Conclusion The results showed that EEG reactivity was an excellent predictor on the prognosis comatose patients with acute severe head injury.


Academic institutions employ varying methods and place varying levels of emphasis on ethics teaching during a business/accounting degree. This paper starts with introducing accounting ethics in education along with the meaning of ethics. It then signifiesthe importance of accounting ethics in education as well as business situation. Brief history about the ethics is mentioned as per various authors. Whether teaching ethics in accounting is important or not is justified in the following paragraphs. If the a nswer is positive who is responsible for teaching this ethics and at what level is covered then. What are the strategies applied by various professionals as per the literature review is mentioned then. Thus the paper covers various aspects related to teach ing ethics in education, who will teach it and in what ways.