Abstract Background Two community hubs are currently located in Durham Region, Ontario, Canada, to provide a single point of access to a wide range of support services for individuals experiencing homelessness and other at-risk populations. The community hub in Oshawa is formally known as the Back Door Mission for the Relief of Poverty and the community hub in Ajax is formally known as the Ajax Hygiene Hub. It is unclear if these two community hubs are effective in addressing the needs of individuals experiencing homelessness and how the COVID-19 pandemic continues to impact these services amongst this population. This study was conducted to identify gaps and barriers within the community hub models as well as provide recommendations to improve the coordination and delivery of services serving individuals experiencing homelessness and other at-risk populations. Methods A mixed methods approach was utilized in this study, which included surveys for individuals experiencing homelessness, through open-ended and close-ended questions to assess their experiences at either one of the two community hubs. A total of 75 surveys were completed by the study participants (40 surveys in Oshawa and 35 in Ajax). Thematic analysis was performed for all the open-ended survey responses. A literature review was also conducted to evaluate the community hub models as well as best practices for the implementation locally, nationally, and internationally. Results Data analysis for the open-ended survey responses revealed the need for housing support, increased resources for medical services, and the expansion of programs provided by the community hubs. Conclusions Homelessness is a major public health issue however community hubs play a pivotal role in addressing this concern in Durham Region. The equitable access to a diverse range of services that are co-located in a community hub is imperative for individuals experiencing homelessness, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Key messages The needs of homeless populations, program outcomes, service gaps, partnership collaboration, and best practices were explored to help inform the development of new community hubs in Durham Region. Study highlighted the effectiveness of community hubs in addressing the needs of homeless populations, whether it should become a permanent solution, and be developed in Durham Region and beyond.


The purpose of this study is to design a rehabilitation center for the acquired visually impaired individuals. Currently there are facilities related visual impairment such as a school for the blind and welfare center and there, limited educational and vocational rehabilitation training are performed. However the blinds recognize space based on the surrounding sensory experiences by repetition, existing facilities didn"t consider sensory elements in architectural design. Therefore this study aims to evoke senses which weren"t able to recognize before and save psychological sense of loss after visual impairment. And design proposal can be provided repetitive experiences for the visually impaired individuals by forming circular space according their walking principal.


(54) LAUNDRY TREATMENT GRANULE AND (56) References Cited DETERGENT COMPOSITION CONTAINING U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS LAUNDRY TREATMENT GRANULE 3,756,966 A 9/1973 Lamberti (75) Inventors: William Derek Emery, Wirral (GB); 4,235,735 A 11/1980 Marco et al. Christopher Clarkson Jones, Wirral 6.288,022 B1 9/2001 Clark et al. ................. 510/470 (GB) 6,358,903 B2 * 3/2002 Hopkinson et al. ......... 510/375 6,455,489 B2 * 9/2002 Bijsterbosch et al. ....... 510/471 (73) Assignee: Unilever Home & Personal Care, FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS USA division of Conopco, Inc., WO 97/38O16 10/1997 Greenwich, CT (US) WO 98/29528 9/1998


In this paper we derive a Bayesian estimator for doubly correlated MIMO channels. The Bayesian estimator has clearly superior normalized mean squared error performance compared to parametric approaches especially when the channel is strongly correlated. However, since the computational c osts may exceed practical limits we present a class of fix point algorithms significantly reducing the numerical effort. Th e convergence behavior of the fixed point algorithm is examined and a regularization is proposed in order to guarantee general convergence.


: Anomalous origin of the right coronary artery originating from the pulmonary trunk (ARCAPA) is a rare congenital coronary anomaly with wide spectrum of clinical outcome. We are presenting a case of ARCAPA with a review of the previous studies about it.


Background Approximately 20–45% of the population around the world are affected by nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and it is the liver pandemic in the 21st century. It has become a leading cause of end-stage liver disease, hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver transplantation in many regions of the world. Noninvasive markers are needed for assessment of patients with NAFLD. Objective Evaluation of serum cytokeratin 18 (CK18) as a noninvasive marker of NAFLD and its correlation with fibro touch elastography. Patients and methods A case–control study was conducted on 90 participants, and they were divided into three groups: group I included 30 matched healthy controls, group II included 30 patients with NAFLD diagnosed by abdominal ultrasonography with normal liver enzymes, and group III included 30 patients with NAFLD diagnosed by ultrasonography with elevated liver enzymes. Abdominal ultrasonography and fibro touch transient elastography (TE) were done for all participants. Results There was a highly significant increase in CK18 in group II and group III versus group I and highly significant increase in group III versus group II. The cutoff value of serum CK18 level to differentiate between group I and group II was more than 15.5 ng/ml. The cutoff value of serum CK18 level to differentiate between group II and group III was more than 22.4 ng/ml. The cutoff value of TE to differentiation between group I and group II was more than 241 dB/m. Moreover, the cutoff value of TE to differentiate between group II and group III was more than 286 dB/m. Conclusion CK18 and control attenuation parameter can be used as noninvasive markers of NAFLD and positively correlated with the grades of steatosis.


The biue spotted maskray, Neotrygon kuhtii is the most common rays occurred in Indonesian waters. This species is often caught as bycatch in trawl fisheries targeting demersal fishes and shrimps. The unselected ancl intensive catches of this species can influence to its sustainable in the future. A study on this species was conducted at several areas in Indonesia from 2003 to 2006. A total of 1,122 individuals, consisting of 523 females and 599 males were measured from some areas in western lndorresia including the Java Sea, the Malacca Strait, South Java, East Sumatera, West Kalimantan, and South Natuna waters. Size ranges o'f Neotrygon kuhlii were varied among regions. In general, mature individuals were caught more often than neonates in all areas. The minimtlm size was 130 mm disc width and maximum size was 415 mm disc width. Females usually produce one pup in its reproduction cycle and the smallest recorded pregnant female was 240 mm disc width, while the largest was 317 mm disc width. Males attain maturity at size between 215 and 295 mm disc width. There were also differences in size at first maturity lor Neotrygon kultlii caught from each area. The rays seemed to be mature earlier at the Java Sea, West Kalimantan, East Sumatera and the Malacca Strait, as an indication of the plasticity in their life histories to cope with fishing pressure and environmental degradations in their habitats.


Using the formalism of polynomials with positive coefficients, the fact that exactly half of all subsets of a finite set have even cardinality can be generalized asymptotically.


Thorium sorption on KFP-12 cation-exchange resin from solutions of spent melts from the salt-trickling filter in loparite concentrate chlorination has been studied by full trifactorial experiment. Calculated regression equations enable us to suggest that sorption should be carried out from acidic solutions where the iron ions are prereduced to the bivalent state. It has been shown that the degree of thorium purification diminishes and the working thorium sorption capacity increases with rise of temperature.


Classification indication on upper member of Yimin Formation and Damoguaihe Formation of Lower Cretacious in the sedimentary cover in Jiuqiao Sag are discussed from the aspect of sedimentation,geophysics and palaeo-biology. The sedimentary facies of the two formations are classified by using the drilling information. Sedimentary characteristics are analyzed. It is pointed out that Yimin Formation is the favorable layer for the exploration of the leachable sandstone-type uranium deposits in this area.


The introduction of internet technology came with multiple channels through which newspaper now distributes their contents to readers to keep them informed to make profits. This study looks at newspapers' use of multiple channels for news dissemination and the implication for their business survival. To tackle this research work, the survey method with the use of a questionnaire was adopted. The Technological Determinism theory was chosen for this study. Data for the research work were obtained from the staff of The Nation newspaper, a leading national daily in Nigeria. The data obtained were presented, analyzed, and interpreted with the use of the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The study found that the introduction of multiple channels has affected news production as readers are now used to getting news content from various channels just as the profit from multiple channels is sustaining newspaper enterprises. The study recommended, among other things, that newspaper companies should seize the initiative from digital platforms to create workable online multi-channels to draw large readerships while still retaining their print version, and since it is obvious that readers are now adapting to multiple channels, they should fully adopt the use of multiple channels to stay afloat in business.


Presentation of Case A 76-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of pain about the right hip. There was a history of the radiographic detection of osteosclerotic lesions of the lumbosacral spine, pelvis, right femur, and ribs; some of the lesions were observed at least 29 years earlier, showed little change over the years, and were ascribed to fibrous dysplasia. Five months before admission the patient began to experience pain about the right hip and buttock, with radiation to the right thigh. During several months preceding entry she lost 7 kg in weight, and she experienced anorexia for a . . .


The Marshall Mix design is one of the most widely used methods for designing and evaluating hot asphalt mixes globally, and the main Marshall Test focuses are stability and flow. Two standard curing methods are normally followed to elevate the temperature of testing samples; these involve immersing the samples in 60°C water or placing the samples in an oven at 60°C. These standard curing methods may not simulate the actual state of heating of asphalt pavement in the field, however. In this research, a new curing method that includes insulating the samples before immersion in hot water is thus introduced and compared with the two standard curing methods. During immersion, the water temperature is increased to 60°C and the core temperature of the insulated samples determined. Three sets of Marshall Samples were prepared and cured using the outlined methods; each set consisted of 18 specimens of 101 mm diameter and 63.5 mm height. All specimens were tested using the Marshall Test for stability, flow, and Marshall Stiffness. The set mean results showed that the oven cured samples demonstrated the highest stability values, followed by the standard water cured samples, while the insulated samples exhibited the lowest stability values. The oven cured samples also exhibited higher Marshall Stiffness Index (MSI) values than the other curing methods. However, one-way ANOVA (single factor) testing demonstrated that these differences were not statistically significant.


Abstract Studies have been done to design an optimum composition of alkali/surfactant/polymer (ASP) slug and its application in flooding to increase the additional recovery of oil. A very low concentration of alkali and surfactant is used to achieve ultra-low interfacial tension between the trapped oil and the injection water, and polymer is used to increase the viscosity of the injection water for mobility control. Based on the experimental results of physico-chemical properties of polymer, surfactant, and alkali and their mutual interaction in solution, an ASP slug of composition SDS: 0.1 wt%, SDBS: 0.075 wt%, polyacrylamide: 2,000 ppm, and NaOH: 0.7 wt% has been recommended for flooding. Two sets of core-flooding experiments have been conducted using the designed ASP slug in a tri-axial core holder to measure the additional recovery of oil. The average additional oil recovery over conventional water flooding was found to be more than 20% of the original oil in place (OOIP).


lims"?' (p. 162). The state's contradictory policies vis-a-vis the Islamists encouraged them to become increasingly audacious in their words and actions. In fact, President Chadli Bendjedid showed extreme leniency towards the excesses of the movement's leaders. Worse still, the F.L.N. never understood the real nature and aspirations of the Islamists, let alone their grievances. The F.I.S. was not, as often portrayed by the western media, simply a party of violence and intolerance. In fact, according to Khelladi,' it was a movement that succeeded in mobilising a marginalised youth around an existential project, a moral order, an immanent justice where redemption is a permanent idea' (p. 99). It greatly influenced the underprivileged, most of whom were members of the lumpenproletariat that had been created by the dislocation of traditional society. The Islamist movement also appealed greatly to the unemployed; to the hittistes or 'wall-holders' with no other occupation; to those with a diploma in Arabic but with no job (the Arabophones); to students in the physical sciences; and to tradesmen hostile to state socialism who contributed financially to the construction of numerous mosques, as well as to the activities of the F.I.S. The Islamists succeeded in their mobilisation campaign although the F.I.S. did not have a coherent programme. Despite much talk about the short'a, the movement's leaders used the arguments of those whom they derided as being secular in order to make suggestions for solving Algeria's economic problems. Despite some sympathy for the Islamists at times, Khelladi clearly shows the reactionary nature of those whose main objective was not progress, but simply concern with a mythical and regressive past. Les Islamistes algeriens face au pouvoir contains a very informative section on the different Islamist organisations, including the conservative, peaceful confreries or 'brotherhoods'. The last part of the book and the postscript are most revealing, even if some of the author's interpretations are questionable. However, he persuasively analyses the discreditable tactics used by Bendjedid to maintain himself in power, as well as the opportunistic manoeuvres of the F.I.S. leader, Abassi Madani. Although Khelladi claims in his preface that his only aim is to reveal a few historical landmarks in the evolution of the Islamist movement in Algeria, he has done more than that by demonstrating in a timely work the responsibility of the F.L.N. in helping the Islamist movement to grow, despite the totalitarian nature of the regime and the regressive character of the Islamists.


This study characterizes distributed XML processing on networking nodes. XML documents are sent from a client node to a server node through relay nodes, which process the documents before arriving at the server. When the relay nodes are connected tandem, the XML documents are processed in a pipelining manner. When the relay nodes are connected parallel, the XML documents are processed in a parallel fashion. Wellformedness and grammar validation pipelining and parallel processing characterization reveals inherent advantages of the parallel processing model.


E ven by the admission of the Birding editor, this was a difficult quiz. In fact, upon my first glance at the pictures (of course, unlabeled by the photographer, a good friend), I got two of them wrong. I was wrongly influenced by my first thought that the theme was even tighter than it is. I hope that we can all agree that the three birds are sparrows or sparrow-like birds. With further study of the pictures, I note that there are another two (at least) aspects that all three species share. The first of these is leg color (pink), but the one on which I'll focus is the presence of at least a hint of a central crown stripe. In thinking about previous recent installments of the Birding quiz to generate ideas for this answer, I remembered Alvaro Jaramillo's (2006) wonderful essay on little-used but excellent field marks. As Quizmaster for the Colorado Field Ornithologists' (CFO) online photo quiz <cfolink.org>, I wholeheartedly agree with Al's thesis: There are too many effective field marks not currently on the A-list of the general birding populace. I frequently focus on such field marks in my answers to the CFO photo quizzes. The oddest thing about this phenomenon, I find, is that many of these "unknown" field marks are the sorts of things that are used widely to separate members of certain difficult groups, but that are not used with other taxa for which they might be quite helpful. Leg color of ducks comes quickly to mind; please see Quiz #198 <cfo-link.org/MrBill/ answer.php>. How might we address our inadequate grasp of "unknown" field marks? The simple act of paying attention is a great start. Allied to the above is our tendency to let go unidentified or misidentified individual birds that do not provide that much-desired "field-guide" profile view. This issue's quiz birds are certainly not providing such views. Although we don't have that field-guide view, the angle that we do have is much better for determining the presence or absence of a particular feature that comes into play with these three species: the central crown stripe. I wonder if the relatively extensive use of central crown stripes in the identification of sparrows is at least partly because we can often look down on these birds to see such features. How many of us understand that quite a few species that we normally crane our necks to ogle, but which don't typically exhibit a full central crown stripe, sport at least a pale bit on the forehead?


Fluid loss control at temperatures over 300 DEG F in clay-free sea water muds of the type containing alkaline earth oxides, hydroxides and salts in a brine solution and using starch as a fluid loss control agent is improved by addition of polyvinyl alcohol with the starch. Urea with the polyvinyl alcohol further increases temperature stability of the systems.


JM Neal. 229 pages. New York: Igaku-Shoin; 1996. $39.50. ISBN 0-89640-297-5. Order phone 800-765-0800. A teaching survey of common clinical entities. Each section opens with a typical case summary, which is followed by multiple choice questions relevant to diagnosis and treatment. Each group of questions is followed by a discussion of the rationale for and the implications of the correct answers. A short closing section gives a few key references for further reading in textbooks and journals. There is no subject index: This is a text to be worked through for a self-tuneup (for example, before a certifying examination), not a reference book.


This paper presents results of investigations of the radiant power spectral responsivity within the near-infrared spectral range. Large-area windowless InGaAs photodiodes of 10mm×10mm are studied in the spectrum ranged from 900 nm to 1600 nm. The InGaAs trap detector used as a transfer standard for power measurements has been characterized and calibrated, obtaining an uncertainty of less than 0.1% at several wavelengths.


In the crystal structure of the polymeric title compound, {[Cu(C7H5N2)2(C10H8O5)]·C3H7NO·5H2O}n, the 3-(4-carboxylatophenoxy)propionate dianion links the bis(benzimidazole)copper groups into a linear chain running along the a axis of the monoclinic unit cell, with the dianion binding through one O atom of each carboxylate end to confer a distorted square-planar environment on the copper center.


Abstract : This monograph evaluates the soundness of U.S. movement to contact doctrine towards the offensive meeting battle. The author distinguishes two forms of meeting battle: offensive and defensive. The offensive meeting battle is a continuous struggle for the initiative. The author finds that in an offensive meeting battle, U.S. movement to contact doctrine concedes the initiative. U.S. movement to contact doctrine is passive, indecisive, and reactionary. doctrine loses the fight from the start. The doctrine is evaluated against the offense guidance presented in FM 100-5 to determine its level of congruency with capstone doctrine. Soviet doctrine is introduced to support the position presented in FM 100-5. The Soviets championed the offensive meeting battle. They preferred it to all other forms of combat.


As early as 17892, farsigbted American educators saw the need for greater interest in and knowledge of the "pedagogic arts". Organized edu cation for teachers began on a private basis in 1823 with the opening by Samuel R. Hall of a school for the training of teachers in Concord, Vermont. It was not, however, until 1839 through the efforts of Horace Mann and James G. Carter that the first publicly supported normal school was opened at Lexington, Massachusetts. Concurrent with the establishment of this normal school was the beginning of formal programs for the improvement of teachers. Most of the agencies now offering improvement programs trace their beginning to one or more of three dc?nitc movements: the teachers' institute, correspond ence instruction and extension, and educational supervision. For the purposes of this report, improvement of teachers will be con sidered as those method's, facilities, and agencies which contribute to teacher growth following the beginning of full time paid teaching assignments. Improvement may be divided into intellectual with a social bent and physical with the first enveloping: teachers' institutes, teachers' meetings, teachers' associations, reading circles, supervision, extension, summer sessions, sab batical term, school visiting, workshops, study groups, and personnel studies. Physical improvement includes medical inspection, tenure, vacations, physical surroundings, sick leave, and school responsibilities of the teacher.


163805-4141-IJCEE-IJENS © October 2016 IJENS I J E N S Abstract— This paper aims to economically valuate the variation in vehicular emissions from a Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system, which are estimated based on the variations they cause in hospitalization costs and working days lost due to diseases related to air pollution. Therefore, the International Vehicle Emission (IVE) model was used to estimate the emissions. For the economic valuation of vehicular emissions the chosen method was the method of marginal productivity. This method allows the use of a function that represents the relationship between pollution and the consequences on the health of the affected population. It also allows the use of an economical model that enables the calculation of monetary values that result from this relationship. This paper used the corridor BRT Transcarioca as a case study, deployed in the city of Rio de Janeiro. The economic valuation presented the expenses with public health and the decrease in productivity due to diseases related to pollution, generating an economy of R$ 14,396,277.85 per year by reducing these morbidities. This reinforces the importance of the BRTs systems as a transport alternative in the cities, not only to improve urban mobility, but also to promote important gains by reducing expenses with health.


1. Seivewright N, Iqbal M. Prescribing to drug misusers in practice—often effective, but rarely straightforward. Addict Biol 2002;7:269 – 277. 2. Desmond DP, Maddux JF. Deaths among heroin users in and out methadone maintenance. In: Effective medical treatment of heroin addiction. National Institute of Health (NIH) Consensus Conference, 17 – 19 November 1997, Bethesda, MD, pp. 73 – 78. Available at: http://odp.od.nih.gov/ consensus/cons/108/108abstract.pdf 3. Magure S, Rosenblum A. Leaving methadone treatment: lessons learned, lessons forgotten, lessons ignored. Mt Sinai J Med 2001;68:62 – 74. 4. Gronbladh L, Ohlund LS, Gunne LM. Mortality in heroin addiction; impact of methadone treatment. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1990;82:223 – 7. 5. Gossop M, Darke S, Griffiths P, et al. The Severity of Dependence Scale: psychometric properties of the SDS in English and Australian samples of heroin, cocaine and amphetamine users. Addiction 1995;90:607 – 14. 6. Wilson P, Watson R, Ralston G. Methadone maintenance in general practice; patients, workload and outcomes. Br Med J 1994;309:641 – 4. 7. Hutchinson SJ, Taylor A, Gruer L, Barr C, Mills C, Elliott L, Goldberg D, Scott R, Gilchrist G. Oneyear follow-up of opiate injectors treated with oral methadone in a GP-centred programme. Addiction 2000;95:1055 – 68. 8. Caplehorn J. Methadone maintenance treatment [letter]. Br Med J 1995;310:463.


. In this note, we report several solutions to the STARK-Friendly Hash Challenge: a competition with the goal of finding collisions for several hash functions designed specifically for zero-knowledge proofs (ZKP) and multiparty computations (MPC). We managed to find collisions for 3 instances of 91-bit hash functions. The method used is the classic parallel collision search with distinguished points from van Oor-shot and Wiener (1994). As this is a general attack on hash functions, it does not exhibit any particular weakness of the chosen hash functions. The crucial part is to optimize the implementations to make the attack cost realistic, and we describe several arithmetic tricks.


Bankwitz characterized the alternating diagrams of the trivial knot. A non‐alternating diagram is called almost alternating if one crossing change makes the diagram alternating. We characterize the almost alternating diagrams of the trivial knot. As a corollary, we determine the unknotting number one alternating knots with the property that the unknotting operation can be done on its alternating diagram.


Abstract:Interest in studying intergenerational transmission of philanthropic values has increased in recent years. However, the studies on this topic are limited in their scope. The goal of this paper is to expand our knowledge and present evidence from a research study that sheds light on the main themes, difficulties, and dilemmas associated with the process of intergenerational transmission of philanthropic values and behaviors. Before describing the findings of our research which is based on interviews with offspring of philanthropic families, we will present a review of past studies and the current state of knowledge. These studies are important and serve as the basis to the conceptual framework of the current research and to the formulation of the questions explored here.


This chapter describes a model for continuous development of adaptive expertise, including growth along the dimensions of innovation and knowledge, examined in the context of a biotransport course in biomedical engineering. Students improved on both knowledge and innovation, moving along a continuum toward adaptive expertise.


A recently published decision of the Milan Court of First Instance not only confirms that a cross-border claim for a declaration of non-infringement of a European patent is unlikely to succeed before an Italian court unless it is brought against an Italian domiciled party, but also shows that the longstanding tradition of Italian torpedoes is not yet defunct, contrary to predictions after a landmark decision of the Italian Supreme Court in 2003.


The World Health Organization (WHO) has always functioned in a worldwide context, but accelerating globalisation has changed dramatically the context in which WHO works, offering both opportunities and challenges for health and its distribution. But globalisation has also hastened the spread of infectious diseases. WHO's work and functions are defined by its constitution and can be categorised as global, national, and intranational. Global functions exceed the reach of individual nations and include standard-setting, global initiatives, professional management, financial resource transfer, and scientific research capacity. Global health functions can also be understood as actions to promote public health goods for the benefit of all. These goods include global advocacy for health, bio-ethical and human rights instruments, disease surveillance, and application of standards. Examples range from WHO's promotion of ethics and human rights through international legal instruments to WHO leadership in developing the International Code of Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes and the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. This article argues that these areas of work and others urgently need strengthening, and WHO must reassert its role in integrating, coordinating, and advancing the worldwide agenda on health.


In transition economies state capture is increasingly being recognized as the most pernicious and intractable form of grand corruption in the political economy. While most types of corruption are directed toward changing how existing laws rules or regulations are implemented with respect to the bribe payer state capture refers to corrupt efforts to influence how those laws rules and regulations are formed. To measure and analyze state capture the Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Survey was conducted among 22 transition countries by the World Bank and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. Findings note that because firms use their influence to block any policy reforms that eliminate the advantages that supposedly are to be enjoyed by the state state capture has become not merely a symptom but also a fundamental cause of poor governance. The capture economy is trapped in a vicious circle in which such reforms are undermined by collusion between powerful firms and state officials. Consequently tackling the problem of state capture is a prerequisite for reforms to improve governance and strengthen the legal judiciary and regulatory environment. A recognition of the challenge of state capture is to prioritize the reform agenda more effectively by developing a clearer sense of the factors that prevent further institutional factors.


Double minute chromosomes (DMs) are circular fragments of extrachromosomal DNA. They cause extreme gene amplification in the cells of malignant tumours. Their existence correlates with malignant tumour cell behaviour and drug resistance. Locating DMs is important for informing precision therapy to cancer treatment. Furthermore, accurate detection of double minutes requires precise reconstruction of their amplicons, which are the highly-amplified gene-carrying contiguous segments that adjoin to form DMs. This work presents AmpliconFinder - a Hidden-Markov Model-based approach to detect DM amplicons. To assess its efficacy, AmpliconFinder was used to augment an earlier framework for DM detection (DMFinder), thus improving its sensitivity and robustness to noisy sequence data. Experiments on simulated genomic data show that augmenting DMFinder with AmpliconFinder significantly increased the sensitivity of DMFinder on these data. Moreover, DMFinder with AmpliconFinder found all previously reported DMs in three pediatric medulloblastoma datasets, whereas the original DMFinder framework found none.


The invention discloses a slag salvaging system which is used for salvaging slags for a foundry ladle. The slag salvaging system comprises a machine frame, a slag salvaging transverse arm which is connected with the machine frame in a sliding manner, a sliding transverse arm which is connected with the slag salvaging transverse arm in a sliding manner, a slag salvaging hopper which is provided with a slag salvaging opening and arranged on the sliding transverse arm, and a slag collecting hopper which is provided with a slag collecting opening and is hinged with the sliding transverse arm. The hinged point between the slag collecting hopper and the sliding transverse arm is close to the connecting point of the slag salvaging hopper and the sliding transverse arm. The slag collecting hopper can rotate in the plane where the slag salvaging hopper is arranged, around the hinged point. The slag collecting opening is opposite to the slag salvaging opening in terms of direction. The slag salvaging operation is completed by means of adjusting the positions of the sliding transverse arm and the slag salvaging transverse arm, turning the slag collecting hopper to overlap with the slag salvaging hopper, storing the collected steel slags in the space formed by the slag collecting opening and the slag salvaging opening, and then adjusting the slag salvaging transverse arm and the sliding transverse arm to restore to the original working positions. Slags are salvaged by means of locating the slag collecting hopper by controlling the opening and closing of the slag collecting hopper and sliding the sliding transverse arm. Consequently, the slag salvaging efficiency is improved effectively and the slag salvaging system is simplified.


The author, the Foreign Minister of Iran, offers opinions on international relations and his country's foreign relations. International relations are said to still be in transition following the end of the Cold War and its bipolar relations in the early 1990s. A state of increased interdependence between nations is said to have replaced domination of world politics by great powers, particularly the U.S., which is said to have been replaced by multilateralism as a means of problem solving and a reluctance to use military force. Iran is said to have the resources to be a valuable influence within the Middle East. It is argued that the crisis over Iran's nuclear energy program was artificially created by the U.S. and Israel and thus can be resolved through negotiation.


E mployment of people with disabilities has become animportant policy topic in the past 15 years. Their low employment levelswere a major factor behind the passage of the 1990 Americans withDisabilities Act (ADA) and the 1999 Ticket to Work and Work IncentivesImprovement Act (TWWIIA). President Clinton issued an executive orderin 1998 setting up the Presidential Task Force on Employment of Adultswith Disabilities requiring the development of valid and reliable surveymeasures to track the employment status of people with disabilities. Asfurther evidence of policy attention, the 2000 federal budget created a newOffice of Disability Employment Policy in the Department of Labor, headedby a deputy secretary confirmed by the Senate.This policy interest has been accompanied by a substantial increase inscholarly interest in disability and employment issues. While employment ofpeople with disabilities has attracted some research interest for many decades,the past 15 years have seen a jump in research interest, much of it centeredaround the implementation and effects of the ADA (e.g., Berkowitz and Hill1986; Mashaw et al. 1996; West 1996; Johnson 1997; Rupp and Stapleton 1998;Thomason, Burton, and Hyatt 1998; Blanck 2000; Krieger 2000; O'Brien 2001).This topic attracts attention in part due to the large number of peoplewith disabilities and consequently the large number of employers that deal withemployees and applicants with disabilities who will continue to recruit inthis population to help alleviate projected labor shortages. How many peoplewith disabilities there are depends on the definition one employs—as will beseen, the definition of disability is one of the major quandaries in this field,presenting difficult issues for courts, policymakers, and researchers to sortthrough. At a minimum, there are the nearly 8 million Americans who havebeen certified by the federal government as eligible for disability income,whereas at the high end of estimates the 2000 Census found that 50 million


The invention provides a multifunctional medical nursing chair which comprises a supporting seat, a support pillar, a base, a backrest, a foot pedal, handrails and universal wheels, wherein the supporting seat is disk-shaped, the cylindrical support pillar is fixed on the upper surface of the supporting seat, the base is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the support pillar, the backrest is arranged on one side of the base, the handrails are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the base, the base on the side opposite to the backrest is hollow inside, an extension body is arranged in the hollow inside part, the foot pedal is arranged at the front end of the extension body, and multiple lockable universal wheels are uniformly arranged on the lower surface of the supporting seat. The multifunctional medical nursing chair is simple in structure and convenient to use and has a perpendicular state and a horizontal state, thereby facilitating activity and rest of a patient; an accommodating plate is arranged, so that the problems about eating, washing and the like in life can be solved; a head pillow is arranged, accordingly, the rest quality of the patient can be improved, the comfort degree of the patient is greatly increased, and the working difficulty of a medical worker is reduced.


Background: Due to various reasons, junior doctors experience high level of stress in their workplace. However, very few studies have been done to analyze the stress levels and pertinent causative factors among junior doctors in India. So the present study was done to investigate the prevalence, severity and causes of depression, stress and anxiety among junior doctors along with the drugs used to mitigate them. Methods: A cross sectional, questionnaire based study was conducted on a total of 114 junior doctors who include 80 interns and 34 post graduates belonging to  2013-14 batch, utilizing the 21-item depression, anxiety and stress scale (DASS 21). A personal interview was also conducted to enquire into the causes responsible for the stress and the medications employed by them to overcome it. Results: Among the interns, the mean depression score was 5.64±3.85, mean anxiety score was 6.69±3.86 and mean stress score was 7.33±3.22. Among the post graduates, the mean depression score was 4.73±2.15, mean anxiety score was 5.18±3.19 and mean stress score was 7.82±2.68. The percentage of junior doctors who had severe or extremely severe scores of depression was 11.40%, anxiety was 40.35% and stress was 9.65%. Alcohol was the most commonly used psychotropic drug (60.87%). Frequent calls during night duties and late working hours were the leading causes for stress among junior doctors. Conclusions: Overall higher stress was observed among post graduates compared to interns and females compared to males. Anxiety was more severe compared to depression and stress among junior doctors. Reducing working hours and increasing workplace flexibility are some measures to reduce stress among the junior doctors.


Multimedia has grown into a technology which is frequently adopted in most of computer-based educational titles lately. Not onl it is implemented in education but it can be seen in business, entertainment and administrative environments. Multimedia has added dimension to the way humans exchange ideas and communicate with machines through a multisensory system. It has provided us with tools and techniques that make communication and comprehension more effective. Due to the fact that multimedia plays a vital part in the way people communicates with machines and its environment, this project has taken the initiative of applying the multimedia concept in its learning package. More over, programming languages such as C is considered an important programmers basic knowledge before moving on to other programming concepts, that makes it suitable to be conveyed as multimedia based learning tool. In ensuring a quality software produced, stages of iterative development process has been adopted by implementing the Rapid Application Development methodology (RAD). RAD opts for iterative development process that will help to detect early faults which in turn helps to shorten the development process. The project focuses on issues such as research methods, reviews made on existing software and surveys on authoring tools. An extensive literature review on subjects that assist in providing information in this project is discussed. Then, moving on to the system design, system implementation, the writing of programs, the testing stage and ending with the delivery process.


The present paper discusses lower secondary school teachers' and students' beliefs about Formative Assessment in mathematics in Cyprus, Switzerland and Italy. Based on teachers' and students' beliefs related to formative assessment, this research is an attempt to compare the teachers' and students' beliefs in the different countries under study, regarding to the handling of the error in mathematics classroom. In total, 192 teachers and 1108 lower secondary school students participated in the survey and they completed a questionnaire about the formative assessment. The findings of the study reveal that the students' beliefs in the three countries are identical, whereas teachers' beliefs about mathematical error differ enough in the particular countries.


The motivation of this study is to investigate the performance of purchasing power parity (PPP) in the Pacific Rim. The overall impression of the Unit Root and Cointegration Tests is that PPP does not hold in the Pacific Rim;Standard theory suggests that monetary shocks may induce temporary deviations from PPP; given the long-run neutrality of money, these deviations should eventually be eliminated. Real disturbances, on the other hand, are thought to have the ability to induce permanent changes in the real exchange rate. To ascertain the sources of PPP shocks, we have employed Sims' (1980a, 1980b) vector autoregression (VAR) framework;Using a VAR framework, we show that real shocks do not induce deviations from PPP. For the case of the U.S./Korean real exchange rate monetary shocks are associated with changes in the real exchange rate. Perhaps the most important result is that these money shocks cause temporary, but not permanent, changes in the real exchange rate; long-run neutrality cannot be rejected;References. (1) Sims, Christopher A. "Macroeconomic and Reality." Econometrica 48 (January 1980a): 1-48. (2) Sims, Christopher A. "Comparison of Interwar and Postwar Business Cycles: Monetarism Reconsidered." American Economic Review 70 (May 1980b): 250-57.


Abstract Granger-causality tests and Sims' VAR technique were used to analyze the impact of macrovariables on farm output and prices in the U.S. for the period 1934-1987. Granger-causality tests show one-way causality from the macrovariables to the farm sector variables, and this is supported by impulse response functions from a VAR model. Money and interest rate effects on agricultural prices and output are apparent in the data.


According to the present invention, a rechargeable battery includes an electrode assembly including an anode and a cathode, a case in which the electrode assembly is housed, a terminal electrically connected to the electrode assembly and protruding to the outside of the case, a protection circuit module including a connection member electrically connected to the terminal, and an insulating member installed between the terminal and the connection member and having holes.


In order to know the role of plant woody debris in the carbon cycle, a study of carbon stocks and carbon flow of plant woody debris was conducted in the natural forests of the centre of the republic of Congo in the Bateke Plateau. Allometric equations were used to measure the carbon stock of in dead wood debris of Lesio-louna tropical rainforest. Three plots of 40 m × 40 m were delimited in each forest types. All plots were within 300 m of each other. The average stocks of carbon in coarse woody debris obtained are 10993 g·m-2 and 14172 g·m-2, respectively, in the Gallery forest (GF) and the hill-slope forest clump (HF), the difference of carbon stock between the two forests is not significant (p = 0.78). The interannual mean flow in both forests is respectively 1776 and 545 g·m-2·an-1 in the FG and the MSDS; this medium is not significant (p = 0.10). Carbon stocks of fine woody debris are respectively 965 and 83 g·m-2 in the GF and HF, difference is significant (p = 0.0013). The interannual mean flow of carbon in fine woody debris in the GF and the HF were respectively 310 g·m-2·an-1 and 51 g·m-2·an-1.


Measles is caused by virus belonging to the genus Morbilivirus and Family Paramyxoviridae. Measles is still a public health problem because outbreak of measles still found in Indonesia. Outbreak is suspected as a result of differences in antigenicity between vaccine strains used with wild-type measles virus strains circulating in Indonesia. This study aims to get genetic characteristics of wild-type measles virus haemagglutinin gene in Indonesia. The specimens were used 27 viral isolates from 17 provinces period 2003-2010. Viral isolates examined by RT-PCR and sequencing with Sanger method. Sequencing analysis were conducted using Bioedit 7.0 and MEGA 4.0 software. The results showed 10 amino acid differences between the vaccine strain measles virus CAM-70 and wild-type measles virus in position D416N; K424T; V451M; N455T; V466I; I473T; F476L; Y481S or Y481N; H495N; G505D. Conclusion: There is a difference between the genetic characteristics of wild-type measles virus in Indonesia and vaccine strain CAM-70.


Wireless networking is becoming an increasingly important and popular way of providing global information access to users on the move. One of the main challenges for seamless mobility is the availability of simple and robust Channel Allocation algorithm. The radio propagation environment and related handoff challenges are different in cellular structures. A handoff algorithm with fixed parameters cannot perform well in different system environments. In this paper, motivated by the facts that the scarce spectrum should be utilized efficiently, a new Dynamic Channel allocation scheme is proposed. Performance of the proposed dynamic channel allocation scheme is compared with existing channel allocation schemes such as fixed channel, static guard channel and Guard Channel with Channel Borrowing. The experimental results reveal that the proposed algorithm outperforms traditional methods in bandwidth utilization, handoff dropping rate and new call blocking rate .


This research aims to analyze and the impact of human resource management policies (as an independent variable) contained in the public sector reform program on the civil service (as a dependent variable). The importance of the research lies in the implementation and implementation of various projects in the reform groups of the public sectors and the human resource management system in particular, By analyzing the administration's trends and policies, identifying all strengths, working to improve and increasing its efficiency rates, working to identify, fix and remove all weaknesses, as well as working to replace them with strengths, and then work to develop resources in more than one form, especially human resources The research problem was also represented in finding the knowledge that the Iraqi state carries out in determining all the administrative foundations used in human resources and how to integrate them into the public health sector, in order to achieve and organize the social reform program that the state aims to achieve using the various civilized and widespread methods spread around the world to improve the field services provided For individuals without discrimination or racism, as it works to improve the role of human resources and take care of the main pillar present in it and expressed in it, through the evaluation and evaluation of the human element using the criteria of equality and equal opportunities, control and transparency, and to clarify the relationship between the research variables, the descriptive analytical approach was used in the study To renew the effects of human resources management and the policies used in the public sector, where the number of the sample used was 160 individuals as an experimental sample. One hundred (100) individuals were physicians, and sixty (60) nurses were in (7) hospitals, including governmental and some private, and the data were analyzed. In the statistical program (spss) and (Excel), using a number of statistical methods, including (arithmetic mean, mean deviation (Yari, Alpha Crow Nbach Factor, Pearson Correlation) The research has reached many results, the most important of which are identifying the different trends in each of them, the integrity and efficiency provided in identifying the different actors between different organizations and establishments, as well as the trends for human development resources and the development programs responsible for that.


Up to now, there has been little investigation of the quarterly GDP in China. The aim of this paper is to investigate the properties of the time series of quarterly GDP in China. X 12 ARIMA and TRAMO SEATS are used to decompose the series through the DEMETRA interface version 2.0. This paper provides full diagnostic results and summary results for the quarterly GDP in China.


This work proposes the evaluation of a set of algorithms of machine learning and the selection of the most appropriate one for the classification of segmented chromosomes images acquired using the Giemsa staining technique (G-banding). The evaluation and selection of the best classification algorithms was carried out over a dataset of 119 Q-banding chromosomes images, and the obtained results were then applied to a dataset of 24 G-band chromosomes images, manually classified by an expert of the Laboratory of Cytogenetic of the Children's Hospital of Tamaulipas. The results of evaluation of 51 classifiers yielded that the best classification accuracy for the selected features was obtained by a backpropagation neural network. One of the main contributions of this study is the proposal of a two-stage classification scheme based on the best classifier found by the initial evaluation. In stage 1, chromosome images are classified into three major groups. In stage 2, the output of phase 1 is used as the input of a multiclass classifier. Using this scheme, 82% of the IGB bank samples and 88% of the samples of a bank of images obtained with a Q-band available in the literature consisting of 119 chromosome studies were successfully classified. The proposed work is a part of an desktop application that allows cytogeneticist to automatically generate cytogenetic reports.


The university's authority over knowledge is more tenuous than we think. The basis of university authority has been grounded, over the long history of higher education, in nothing more than ideas and values. Such ideas, however have taken institutions quite a long way. Other institutions – religious and political authorities, for example – have vied for a say over knowledge and yet the university has prevailed as the institution, arguably, that we trust the most. In the 20th century the university grew to enormous proportions and has gained significant influence. And yet it has arguably also faced more threats to both its standing and integrity than ever before.


This investigation was carried out at Rio Claro city, Sao Paulo State, Brazil, and involved the study of an area of a local industry dedicated to paper production. The study was held as a requirement of CETESB (Sao Paulo State Company of Technology and Environmental Sanitation) that is the environmental agency of Sao Paulo State responsible for the control, fiscalization, monitoring and licensing of the activities that may cause pollution, with the major aim of preserving and recovering the quality of water, air and soil. The paper production involves the generation of solid waste where leaching may cause the release of liquids that are able to pollute the groundwater. Thus, it is necessary to know the basic properties of the soil cover where there is the intention to put the solid waste in order to evaluate its susceptibility to groundwater pollution. The evaluation of the selected site involved several steps, among them the knowledge of the climatic conditions and rainfall rate, characterization of the geological formations and of the soil types occurring between the ground surface and water table, water table depth and determination of the hydraulic conductivity coefficient. This paper describes all activities developed for attending the CETESB requirements.


Business model innovators (BMI) earned an average premium that was more than four times greater than that enjoyed by product or process innovators. Furthermore, BMI delivered returns that were more sustainable; even after ten years, business model innovators continued to outperform competitors and product and process innovators (BCG, 2009). Innovation is done using a device management such as: Business Model Canvas (BMC) and the design thinking approach (DTA). BMC used to mapping the Bank Muamalat through the  9 building blocks for later in-design a new business model to conduct the interview process to collect ideas and find an innovative solution.


FeSiN films for a narrow track head have been studied, utilizing the ion beam reactive sputtering method. By controlling both nitrogen flow ratio and substrate temperature, the low-Si-content FeSiN films with (112) orientation were obtained. The magnetostriction was reduced by this orientation, and good soft magnetic properties appeared. The saturation magnetic flux density of the films was 1.7 T. The 7.5 /spl mu/m trackwidth FeSiN heads showed good recording and reproducing characteristics. >


On-site distributed strain measurements using an original Brillouin analyser were performed on cables using standard tensile test bench and on critical installations in the Swiss telecom network.


The aim of this study was to identify the impact of the governance principles appliance in the social responsibility of charitable organizations in Irbid city, Jordan. This research has been started from examining the thesis statement through the following main hypothesis: There is no statistically significant impact at the significance level of (α≤ 0.05) to apply the governance principles in the social responsibility of charitable organizations in Irbid city. To achieve the objectives of this study, the descriptive analytical approach was followed. The research results indicate that there is a statistically significant relationship of the appliance of governance principles in charitable organizations on social responsibility. The workers' views in charity organizations agreed that the appliance of corporate governance in the charitable sector has a significant impact in promoting confidence within the sector. Also, there is a direct relationship between social responsibility and corporate governance. The fact that the first is available, that will consolidate governance in charity organizations. The study recommended the need to apply the principles of corporate governance in all activities and functions of charitable organizations, as they have positive effects on confidence in these organizations and its massage. Furthermore, the study recommended that the charitable organizations should have a printed material on principles of corporate governance and social responsibility.


The microstructures and properties of 2124 alloy in different solutions and aging treatments were studied by tensile test,DSC,OM and TEM analysis.The results show that the suitable solution temperature and time of alloy are 495-500 ℃ and 80-100 min,respectively.Increasing the temperature or extending the time of solution properly can accelerate the solution of excess phase,which can raise the degree of solution of alloy and improve the strength of alloy,but the excessive temperature or time of solution reduces the elongation of alloy.The properties change little when the temperature of quench ranges in 16-35 ℃,but increasing temperature improves the elongation.The strength increases and elongation decreases with prolonging transfer time,and in order to improve the strength and elongation,the transfer time should be deduced as far as possible.The suitable aging temperature and time are 185 ℃ and 12 h respectively,S′ and θ′ phase are the main strengthening phases of alloy.


The RCGP & Boots The Chemists are once again delighted to be able to present an excellent paper as the 2003 Research Paper of the Year. The paper 'The duration of acute cough in pre-school children presenting to primary care: a prospective cohort study',1 by Alastair Hay, Andrew Wilson, Tom Fahey and Tim Peters, published in Family Practice , has all the characteristics we look for — originality, rigour, and relevance to general practice. It shows several things which are well known to academic primary care, but often go unnoticed by research funders and clinicians; first, that good research in general practice relies on strong practice-based research networks, where access to, and recruitment of, large numbers of patients can be relied upon. Secondly, that the least fashionable and most common conditions are still worth re-examining, because many of our working assumptions are inaccurate. Thirdly, that there is now a long tradition of primary care epidemiology, with similar studies going back 40 years …


421 Background: Our objective was to identify a combination of microRNAs (miRNA) to differentiate between viable tumor (V) or teratoma (T) and necrosis/fibrosis (N) in pcRPLND specimens of metastatic nonseminomatous germ cell tumor (NSGCT) patients with residual masses ≥1cm after chemotherapy. Our hypothesis is that a biomarker guided therapy could reduce overtreatment with pcRPLND in patients with only N. Methods: Forty-eight patients were identified, n = 16 each with T/V/N. Representative regions of T/V/N were microdissected, subsequently total RNA was isolated and miRNA expression was analyzed for miR-371a-3p, 375-3p, and 375-5p using qPCR. ROC analysis was performed for each miRNA and for all combinations in order to determine the discriminatory capacity of V and T vs. N. Results: For the group comparisons of V vs. N miR-371a-3p achieved the highest fold change (FC) of 31.1 (p = 0.023) while for T vs. N miR-375-5p performed best (FC 64,2; p < 0.001). Likewise, the most accurate AUC for V was 0.75 using miR-371a-3p, for T 0.80 using miR-375-5p. Combining the best performing miRNAs for V and T resulted in an AUC of 0.94 with a sensitivity of 93.75, specificity of 93.75, PPV of 96.8 and NPV of 83.3. Conclusions: In pcRPLND tissue samples V and T could be distinguished from necrosis/fibrosis by combining miR-371a-3p and miR-375-5p with great accuracy. This combination of miRNAs might serve as new biomarker in the future, in order to spare miRNA-negative patients from pcRPLND. However, further studies analyzing patient's serum are needed to confirm the clinical impact of these biomarkers.


From 2002 to 2003 , in Nanping district of Fujian University of Agriculture and Forestry ,the serious disease of Pestalotiopsis apiculatus developed in the virescence zone of Cryptomeria fortunei. Many pests were collected and isolated from Cryptomeria fortunei's roots and rhizosphere soil in the area . The main species were Helicotylenchus dihystera , Rotylenchulus reniformis ,Tylenchorhynchus martini ,Paratylenchus minuts , Tylenchus platycephalus .The others were Rotylenchus caudnphasmidius ,Xiphinema americanum ,Longidorus sp.Aphelenchoides composticola , Macroposthonia sp. , Trichdorus obscurus , Aphelenchus avenae . According to relativity analysis and related reports , there is the distinct relativity between the nematode population of some species and the development of Pestalotiopsis apiculatus .


Dens of black bears (Ursus americanus) were located in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park using radiotelemetry. Bears preferred cavities located high in large trees; 7 dens were 6-17 m aboveground. Dens were associated with northern hardwood and cove hardwood forest types. All but 2 of the 12 dens located were at elevations above 1,000 m. The average dbh of 7 den trees was 97.1 cm. Inside dimensions of 7 tree dens averaged 218.4 x 59.6 x 62.0 cm. Tree dens are of definite survival value to bears, particularly females and cubs. Such dens offer protection from precipitation, cold temperatures, and human activities. Perpetuation of tree dens outside protected areas such as national parks is unlikely under current forest management practices. Black bears are not hiberators in the classic sense, but they do enter a state of inactivity during winter months that is referred to by Hock (1961) as "carnivore lethargy." During winter dormancy, bears neither eat, drink, urinate, nor defecate (Folk et al. 1972). Parturition occurs during winter. Selection of winter dens that provide substantial protection from harsh weather and from harassment by man or by other animals has significant value for females with young. Den sites of black bears exhibit a high degree of variability, ranging from shallow depressions in forested areas (Smith 1946, Leopold 1959, Erickson et al. 1964, Part III) to man-made structures such as drainage culverts (Barnes and Bray 1967) or cabin subspace (Jonkel and Cowan 1971). Use of tree cavities as dens was reported for black bears by Switzenberg (1955), Jonkel and Cowan (1971), and Lindzey and Meslow (1976), and for Asiatic black bears (Selenarctos thibetanus) by Bromlei (1973). Only Lindzey and Meslow, and Switzenberg, reported bears denning in tree cavities above ground level. This paper presents preliminary findings regarding the selection of den sites by black bears in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. This research was supported by McIntire-Stennis Project No. 12 of the Department of Forestry and Agricultural Experiment Station and the Graduate Program in Ecology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, and the Great Smoky Mountains Natural History Association.


This study was to predict water activity of gelatinized model foods containing moisture, protein and starch with different concentration of humectants such as sodium chlorife and sucrose. The water activity of each samples were determinded by electrical hygrometry. The degree of lowering water activity in model foods with humectant solutions was following order as NaCl>sucrose. Model food was predominant in depression of water activity by humectants than other model foods. The multiple regression equations between water activity and different humectants concentration, compositions and solution ratio of model foods were obtained and values were higher than 0.91.


Especially in plant hybrids and polyploids, the diffuse stage occurring between pachytene and diplotene can be a source of the following meiotic defects: (1) difficulties in stainability or fixability of diplotene or diakinesis chromosomes, (2) desynchronisation of meiotic stages in the anther. (3) timing upset of meiosis, defects in spiralisation, (4) the irregular occurrence of nonhomologous multivalent associations or stickiness in diakinesis or metaphase I, (5) normal anaphase configurations after a strongly aberrant diakinesis stage, (6) irregular occurrence of anaphase 1 bridges of uncertain origin, (7) variable chromosomal behaviour in different cells, anthers and buds in the same plant. The literature on plants where the diffuse stage was reported is reviewed. As similar defects are found in meiosis of many other plants, the diffuse stage is supposed to be widespread in plant meiosis but as it has an interphase-like structure it is overlooked in squash preparations. The aberrations are believed to be caused by disturbances of the folding process between the diffuse stage and diakinesis, due to a different constitution of chromosomes from different parents or to internal unbalance of chromosome sets in haploids. polyploids and hybrids. Presumably, spontaneous breaks in the chromatin fibers (23 nm) and exchanges sometimes occur during prophase. As the chromatin fibers are the real functional chromatids, the exchanges are regarded as chromatid aberrations.


This paper presents early findings of a study on how users appropriate a computerised mobile system designed to administer service orders. The theoretical lens used was Adaptive Structuration Theory (AST) and focused on Structural Features, Spirit and Appropriation of Structure. In order to accomplish the purpose, two aspects were to be considered: the system's structure and the user's appropriation, because the structure of a system affects the appropriation of the system. The study was conducted at a large international company's Swedish subsidiary operating in heavy industry, machines and transportation. The methods used were a blend of several instruments, such as analysing documents, observations and interviews. These qualitative empirical data were analysed from the perspective of AST. The initial results demonstrate that some of the tested constructs within AST are not applicable to computerised mobile information and therefore some adjustments must be made in AST to fit the mobile computing domain. In order to test these results further, at least two possible strategies lie ahead: either a closer study of the underlying assumptions of Structural Features and Spirit or a broader test of more of the propositions in the AST framework. (Less)


Objective To investigate the time of admission in patients with acute myocardial infarction heart rate levels of the different groups with echocardiography the relationship between changes in order to further explore the relationship between cardiac function.Methods In our hospital from January 2007 to January 2009 admitted with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients with 80 cases diagnosed are in line with AMI diagnosis and treatment guidelines [1].According to heart rate on admission were divided into: A group(80 times / min),B group(80~90 times / min) and C(90 times / min).Pre-hospital all patients were not receiving reperfusion therapy.Results C group and B group in patients with LVEDD was significantly higher than A group(P0.05);C group LVESD was also higher than B group and A group(P0.01);and the C group LVEF was significantly lower than B group and A group(P0.01).Conclusion make full use of primary hospital admission in patients with acute myocardial infarction when the heart rate of this simple heart rate measurement,in patients with acute myocardial infarction on admission,timely observation of the heart rate of patients on admission,the patient's condition and prognosis to make timely assessment and early intervention in heart rate,and give full play to the potential capacity of β-blockers and timely control of heart rate to minimize the patients with acute myocardial infarction case fatality rate during hospitalization has important clinical significance.


SUMMARY Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections are endemic in Korea. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of HBsAg positivity in Korea and to evaluate the changes in intrafamilial transmission after introduction of HBV vaccination in 1983. This study was based on the 2001 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. A total of 2512 study subjects, aged 10–29 years, were selected from across Korea using a stratified multi-stage probability sampling design. To identify the changes in intrafamilial transmission after the introduction of the HBV vaccination programme, 1850 subjects with parental serological markers were selected. These subjects were then grouped into two birth cohorts (cohort 1: born before 1983; cohort 2: born after 1983). Appropriate sampling weights were used for all analyses. The weighted age-specific prevalence of HBsAg was 4·9% in participants in their 20s and 1·9% in adolescents; the combined weighted prevalence was 3·2%. Of subjects with HBsAg positivity in either parent, 17·5% were HBsAg-seropositive. Of subjects with two HBsAg-negative parents, 1·5% were HBsAg-seropositive. The HBsAg positivity rate of offspring with HBsAg-positive mothers was higher than those with HBsAg-positive fathers (27·3% vs. 4·8%, P<0·001). The weighted HBsAg positivity rate of offspring with HBsAg-negative mothers was 2·3% for cohort 1 and 0·4% for cohort 2 (P<0·01), and for those offspring with HBsAg-positive mothers it was also significantly decreased compared to cohorts 1 and 2 (40·2% vs. 16·4%, P<0·01). However, the weighted HBsAg positivity rate of offspring with HBsAg-positive mothers was still high. Our results showed that introduction of HBV vaccination has resulted in a decline in the overall HBsAg positivity rate and a reduction in intrafamilial transmission in Korea, but further preventive measures for maternal intrafamilial transmission are needed.


There are a variety of potential military and civil applications for miniature air vehicles (MAVs). However, commercial viability will require that low level control loops do not require tuning for each individual airframe. The objective of this paper is to explore the use of nonlinear model reference adaptive control for pitch and roll attitude hold. We derive algorithms that are well suited for implementation on MAVs and demonstrate their effectiveness through flight tests on a 1.2 meter wingspan airframe using the Kestrel autopilot. The performance is compared to specially tuned PD controllers on the same airframe


Radiation is a proven therapy for treating cancer. However, targeting a radiation beam on organs that move — such as cancers located in the liver, stomach or lungs — can be challenging, especially when the images used to locate a tumor are days, or even weeks, old. Researchers at the Cross Cancer Institute in Edmonton, Canada are using simulation to model the complicated RF fields involved in the process to develop a system in which a tumor can be both imaged and treated simultaneously.


A biodegradable thermoresponsive polyphosphazene with propyl oxybenzoate,ethyl glycinate and methoxyethoxyethoxy side groups was synthesized via the macromolecular substitution reactions.Its structure was confirmed by 31P NMR,1H NMR,IR,elemental analysis and DSC.Its molecular weight was determined by GPC.The thermoresponsive properties and hydrolytic degradation of the polymer were studied as a function of pH.The LCST of the polymer was found to be almost independent on the pH change and its concentration at higher concentration.Due to the introduction of hydrophobic propyl oxybenzoate and ethyl glycinate side groups into the polymer,the LCST of the polymer was near body temperature and was lower than that of poly[bis(methoxyethoxyethoxy)phosphazene].The hydrolytic degradation of the polyphosphazene was pH-sensitive.The polymer was hydrolyzed faster in both acidic and basic buffer solution than in neutral buffer solution.On base of its thermoresponsiveness and biodegradability,the polyphosphazene may be promising for biomedical applications.


selves or edifying to the student. It never has been done, they think, and they do not see their way to doing it; so they get through their duties to the patients in the readiest way they can, and bide the time when a charge of in-patients shall give them an opportunity of showing that they really care to advance clinical knowledge. We therefore hail with peculiar pleasure a complete answer to this despair, by which it is left without excuse, in the shape of a volume of clinical lectures, given by an assistant physician,


By referring the Boer's atomic model,the passenger flow excited level models in special period and weekdays are suggested and established.The short-term passenger flow forecasting is transferred into two problems,which are increment conforming in excited states and time series forecasting in ground states.In the problem of the increment conforming in excited states,this paper puts forward fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to evaluate the excited level of influential factors,and introduces it by examples.


Introduction: Nonphysiological mechanical loading is a contributing factor to the initiation and progression of degenerative diseases of articular cartilage [1]. Previous in vitro studies of the tissue response to injurious compression have shown that macroscopic superficial cracks and cell injury depend upon applied stresses and rates of strain [2,3], with the "gel diffusion" rate representing an apparent threshold separating different biomechanical regimes of tissue injury [4]. These studies highlight the importance of cell-scale micromechanical factors in determining the spatial distribution of injury within compressed cartilage. In the context of surgery or even normal locomotion, mechanical constraints on articular cartilage may be altered and thereby change its mechanical properties [5] and the local susceptibility to injury. We hypothesized that the loading history of cartilage may have important influences on its response to injurious compression. Therefore, different levels of prestrain were applied to cartilage explants before injurious compression, and tissue injury was assessed in terms of superficial cracks, cell death, and fluid loss for comparison with mechanical loading parameters.


The concept of human rights, derived from considerations of the nature of mankind, originated within a political context. Called natural rights, they developed as a proclamation of liberty, to be used to guarantee freedom from attacks on one's life, dignity or property. They were considered to apply equally to each individual, or to equivalent groups, they were unconditional and they imposed on others a duty to respect them. Originally conceived as freedoms 'from' oppression and other injustices, they evolved to include, and largely become, freedoms 'to' have or do what may be wanted.


In English, focus is one of the factors determining the prosodic characteristics of an utterance. Some recent linguistic analyses (Selkirk, 1995) claim that focus is represented in the phonology by pitch accents, and the placement of these accents is determined by both the type of focus (broad, narrow), syntactic structure, and other factors such as verb-argument structure. An experiment was conducted to test the interaction of focus types and different argument structures within sentences with intransitive verbs. A prosodic analysis was conducted, durations and fundamental frequency of the subject nouns and verbs of these sentences were measured. The prosodic and acoustic analyses support Selkirk: specifically, the verb may be deaccented under broad focus when the subject is a theme (in unaccusatives and passives) but not when an agent (unergatives). Also, there is a tendency for the nuclear accented word to have a greater duration and F/sub 0/ under narrow focus, which seems to be related to a more frequent occurrence of the L+H* pitch accent for this condition.


A method of contactless measurement of non-equilibrium carriers' (NEC) effective lifetime in Si wafers has been developed; it allows forming a map of NEC effective lifetime surface distribution


Strain relaxation in Si1–xGex/Si superlattices and alloy films is studied as a function of ex situ anneal treatment with the use of x-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. Samples are grown by molecular-beam epitaxy at an unusually low temperature (≈365 °C). This results in metastably strained alloy and superlattice films significantly in excess of critical thicknesses previously reported for such structures. Significant strain relaxation is observed upon anneal at temperatures as low as 390 °C. After a 700 °C, 2 h anneal, superlattices are observed to relax less fully (~43% of coherent strain) than corresponding alloys (~84% of coherent strain). Also, the strain relaxation kinetics of a Si1–xGex alloy layer is studied quantitatively. Alloy strain relaxation is approximately described by a single, thermally activated, first order kinetic process having activation energy Ea=2.0 eV. The relevance of our results to the microscopic mechanisms responsible for strain relaxation in lattice-mismatched semiconductor heterostructures is discussed.


This paper presents a design of rectangular microstrip patch antenna using inset line feeding through Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) for physical objects identification. According to related directions of the Director General of Post and Telecommunication in Indonesia, the research has been done with operating frequency antenna of 0.92 GHz. The proposed antenna has characterized as follows, return loss of − 23.06 dB with VSWR 1.155, impedance bandwidth 22.4 MHz or 2.42%, gain 5.76 dB and 40° Half Power Beamwidth of radiation pattern.


For the past year, the Centre for Computing in the Humanities (CCH), at King's College London (www.kcl.ac.uk/cch) ) and the Forced Migration Online (www.forcedmigration.org) team at the Refugee Studies Centre, University of Oxford (www.rsc.ox.ac.uk) have been working together to investigate the use of computational linguistics techniques for extraction of keywords from fulltext content in a pilot project funded by the Andrew W Mellon Foundation.


The invention relates to an electric heating baking oven for anode casting ladles. The electric heating baking oven comprises a hearth, wherein the bottom and side wall of the hearth are provided with rod heaters, and the rod heaters comprise a plurality of heating pipes; heating cavity areas are arranged among the heating pipes and are internally provided with trolleys for loading the casting ladles, the bottom of the trolleys is connected with the bottom plane of the hearth in a sliding manner, and the bottom planes of the trolleys are provided with a plurality of hollow holes; the loading surfaces of the trolleys are provided with more than two casting ladles, hollow rails are arranged at the two sides of the axes of the trolleys, and movable grating plates used for treading by an operator are arranged at the top of the rails; an exhaust port is formed in the top of the hearth and comprises an exhaust opening on which a plurality of louvre blades are rotationally connected, the louvre blades are connected through a gear in a driving way, and a rotating shaft of any louvre blade is connected with a drive motor in a driving way, and the exhaust port is controlled to be opened or closed by the rotation of the drive motor.


The NSW Young Lawyers has launched a new mentoring program. Two participants from very different law firms share their experiences with Jane Southward.


Denise Bevan talks about how giving her students the freedom to innovate is helping them to develop a passion for cooking.


Multidisciplinary study of families of children with mental disorders and subsequent development of principles of comprehensive rehabilitation and prevention of genetic family allowed for the first time with the use of the methodology on the basis of clinical and genetic approach complex methods of family and genetic studies in the region of Siberia to study social and reproductive characteristics and genetic and demographic characteristics of households with mentally ill children in the period of demographic reproduction, to identify reproductive behavior in families, to explore socio-psychological characteristics of parents of children with disabling mental disorders, to develop and apply technology to provide specialized medical genetic services, family and genetic prevention.


Consumer society is a society in which consumption is mainly beyond necessity and its essential character is a consumption symbol.Consumer society provides rich material base and social development environment for human development.However,as the consumer society is built on the basis of a society which centering on material,it always leads to a waste of material resources and spiritual emptiness.In the current context,we should concern more about the nature of human life and guide them towards free and all-round development.


In this paper, we develop a non-local mathematical model describing cancer cell invasion and movement as a result of integrin-controlled cell–cell adhesion and cell–matrix adhesion, and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) effect on cell proliferation and adhesion, for two cancer cell populations with different levels of mutation. The model consists of partial integro-differential equations describing the dynamics of two cancer cell populations, coupled with ordinary differential equations describing the extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation and the production and decay of integrins, and with a parabolic PDE governing the evolution of TGF-β concentration. We prove the global existence of weak solutions to the model. We then use our model to explore numerically the role of TGF-β in cell aggregation and movement.


This article is based on research undertaken at Imperial College Centre for Environmental Technology (ICCET) in association with the environmental consultancy SustainAbility. The paper is intended to provide some clarity on what the concept of sustainability means for businesses, both conceptually and operationally. Furthermore, it outlines an initial approach that may be used to 'measure' business performance against what might be considered to be the basic principles of business sustainability.

Based on a review of the various spheres of business operations, the authors build on the four different types of capital of Spangenberg and Bonniot (1997) (ecological, social, economic and organizational), to explore the systemic nature of sustainability. 'Discrete', technocratic, environmental audits have their limits and hardly address other portions of business performance such as social, human or economic issues.

Auditing techniques, and the norms or indicators against which audits are expected to measure sustainability performance, should incorporate the interlinkages between these various spheres of operations to more closely mirror the systemic nature of sustainability, i.e. an 'inclusive' approach is adopted. Nine key principles for sustainable business management have been identified and linked to each other to provide a conceptual framework for progress towards sustainability.

The paper then proposes a set of indicators for the assessment of the effectiveness of each principle. The importance of information generation, and related indicator sets, is underlined, so that the dynamic transmission of values can occur and adapt to the changing environment. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.


BACKGROUND The key to a successful endodontic treatment is to ensure complete eradication of the infection present and to prevent reinfection. This depends on meticulous disinfection using intracanal irrigants. In dentistry the most commonly used irrigant is sodium hypochlorite which has the disadvantages of cytotoxicity and unpleasant taste. The extracts of neem have been used since ages for their medicinal values and used widely for health care. However, the potential use of such an agent for the success of endodontic procedures has not yet been investigated. Hence, if proved effective, such a natural agent will have a dominant hold against the chemical disinfectants in terms of biocompatibility and tissue response. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Q-MIX (2 in 1), 10 % neem (Azadirachta indica), and 2 % sodium hypochlorite on the growth and culture of Enterococcus faecalis and Mutant Streptococcus over a period of 4 weeks. METHODS This is a descriptive study conducted among samples collected from 30 healthy patients who were indicated for pulpectomy. The sample size was taken for convenience. Incisors of these individuals were selected on the basis that they had to undergo endodontic treatment due to primary endodontic infection. The zones of inhibition were measured by agar well diffusion method. Statistical analysis was done using independent T test & chi-square test. RESULTS Statistical analysis showed that the mean zones of inhibition in this study were 20.54 mm, 9.65 mm and 4.54 mm for Q-MIX (2 in 1), 10 % neem and 2 % sodium hypochlorite. The significance was greater between Q-MIX (2 in 1) and the other two agents as the P-value was < 0.001. CONCLUSIONS The result indicated Q-MIX (2 in 1) is a more effective root canal irrigant when compared to 10 % neem and 2 % sodium hypochlorite. KEY WORDS Q-MIX (2 in 1), Azadirachta indica, Apical Periodontitis, Enterococcus faecalis


As the most capable Chinese writer in North American literary circles and the most influential new immigrant writer,YAN Ge-ling reveals the charm of human nature from the feminine and maternal perspectives and the power of human nature from the views of emotion and desire.Females,the heroines in most of her works,esp.those in extremely terrible living conditions are closely associated with nationality,culture,history.YAN Ge-ling's research for true human love and nature indicates her humanistic concern as well as social responsibility as an intellectual which are actually the essence of human study.


Scan to discover online One of the rare variants of extranodal large B-cell lymphoma is intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL). Characteristics of IVLBCL include intraluminal selective proliferation of atypical lymphoid cells in small to medium-sized vessels. The etiologic of IVLBCL is unknown, but due to the growth pattern of this tumor, it is speculated that IVLBCL is caused by a defect in homing receptor of tumor cells. IVLBCL can involve any organ but central nervous system, lungs, and skin are the most involved sites. IVLBCL does not usually involve lymph nodes. IVLBCL mainly occurs in the middle aged to elderly population with a slight male predominance. Generally, IVLBCL is aggressive and rapidly fatal if left untreated.


Image smoothing, which aims to remove unwanted textures and preserve desired structures, plays an important role in many multimedia and computer vision tasks. The key to image smoothing, despite different applications, is to distinguish the structures from the textures. This paper presents a novel image smoothing method, following the principle that, for a certain pixel, its neighbors in both space and intensity should contribute more on smoothing, while the distant ones be insulated for avoiding over-smoothing. Intuitively, clustering is a good candidate to achieve the goal. However, due to rich textures and clutters within images, simply performing the clustering on the input likely obtains inaccurate results, and thus leads to unsatisfied smoothing results. In addition, for our task, using traditional hard clustering techniques is at high risk of generating staircase artifacts. For addressing these issues, an algorithm is customized, which on the one hand adopts the soft clustering to more faithfully assign pixels, on the other hand iterates the soft clustering and smoothing, expecting to improve each other. Experiments on several challenging images are provided to show the efficacy of our method, and its superiority over other prevailing approaches.


When pitch material was heat-treated at 350-450°C, carbonaceous mesophase spherules formed in the pitch. Mesophase spherules separated from the pitch as quinoline insoluble matter. The separated spherules were so-called meso-carbon microbeads (MC). Chemical reactivities of the MC were investigated from nitration, amination, chlorination and Friedle-Crafts reaction.The following results are obtained.1) Nitration or chlorination of the MC occures easily, and aminated MC is yielded nearly quantitavely by reduction of the nitsated MC.2) Molecular weight of the MC based on a nitrogen atom in the nitrated MC is 100-170, this value shows that nitro group reacts not only with hydrocarbon existed the surface of the MC, but also with internal hydrocarbon.3) Optically anisotropic nature of the MC do not change with reactions of nitration, amination or chlorination, but the MC is transfered optically isotropic one by Friedle-Crafts reaction.4) From above mentioned results, it is recognized that molecules constructing the MC change easily these molecular structure with chemical reaction even if molecules are stacked in alignment in the MC.


Capacitance coupling can have a significant impact on gate delay in today's deep submicron circuits. In this paper we present a static timing analysis tool that calculates the longest path of synchronous circuits taking the impact of crosstalk on gate delays into account. We show that passive modeling of the coupling capacitance can significantly underestimate the delay and that an assumption of permanent worst-case coupling unnecessarily overestimates it. Our method is validated by comparison to Spice simulations.


FIELD: road construction industry. SUBSTANCE: invention refers to construction industry and can be used during installation of pipe culverts under banked earths in conditions of northern climatic building zone. Inlet head of water outlet pipe is provided with protective screen providing protection of the cavity at roof of pipe culvert from protective screen to outlet head, which is free of flooding ice and/or snow during cold season. Immediately before protective screen there installed is metal pipe the lower pipe of which envelopes protective screen and is hydraulically connected to upper part of cavity of pipe culvert, and upper part is located above predicted surface of flooding ice and/or snow and is equipped with two metal ribs. Each of those ribs has the shape of vertical plate the side surface of which is directed to the south. Inlet head can be of in-line type, and immediately before pipe culvert, it is equipped with covering which is located above roof of pipe culvert, and protective screen is attached to covering at the inlet and forms a cavity under covering, which is hydraulically connected to upper part of cavity with pipe culvert. Inlet head can contain tubular link which is higher than links of pipe culvert, and protective screen is attached to this tubular link at the inlet and forms a cavity inside tubular link, which is hydraulically connected to upper part of cavity with pipe culvert. Metal pipe is installed with inclination of 5-15 degrees north-wards and painted dark-red. When warm season begins, in metal tube there placed in specified quantity is unkilled lime and its slaking is performed with water till continuous melted channel is formed in flooding ice and/or snow around metal pipe and hydraulically connected at roof of pipe culvert with the cavity free of flooding ice and/or snow. In addition, sodium chloride is placed in metal pipe and water, mainly hot, is added. EFFECT: simplifying pipe culvert operation at flooding ice and/or heavy snow transport available. 9 cl, 4 dwg


Acute air pollution problem is being faced in urban agglomeration due to economic expansion, increase in population, increased industrial activities and exponential growth in automobiles. The air pollution from these sources is imposing threat to urban human health. The morbidity and mortality caused by air pollution result in long term reduction of productivity and ultimately in overall deterioration of economic condition (Dockery & Pope, 1994; Anderson et al., 1992; Schwartz et al., 1996). In India the particulate matter problem is very significant due to the huge number of vehicles plying on the road, number of power plants, combustion processes, dust storms and domestic emissions (Gurjara et al., 2004). In the recent studies, exceeding levels of PM10 are observed (TERI, 1997; Chelani et al., 2001). The trees in urban environment are continuously exposed to air pollutants, which play an important role in maintaining ecological balance by actively participating in the nutrients cycle. Many trees are effective for trapping and absorbing air pollutants and acts as sink to several air pollutants (Allan & Krupa, 1986; Bell & Treshow, 2002; Farmer, 1993; Barker & Tingey, 1992; De Kok & Whaltey 1984; De Kok & Stulen, 1998; Treshaw & Anderson, 1989; Nowak et al. 1997; Shyam et al., 2006). Hence it is more beneficial to see the impact of pollution on vegetation especially on roadside trees. (Gajghate & Hasan, 1999; Kotoh et al. 1989; Kozhauharov et.al. 1985; Ninave et.al., 2001; Mellios et al., 2006; Mutena, 2004; Tommervik et al., 1995). Nagpur City is the best place to study the interactions of atmospheric pollutants such as SO2, NO2 and suspended particulate matter (SPM) on vegetation, as it is high traffic zone with industrial area on the outskirts as well as have good vegetation cover in the city. Nagpur city is very well known as second Green City in India. Plantations are actively carried out every year in the city with the active participation of local administration and non-governmental organizations (NGOs). The city is also richly dotted by well maintained parks, plantations, forest patches and agricultural fields. This has given lush green aesthetic appearance to the Nagpur city. Present research is carried out, to study the status of urban pollution in relation to biodiversity in the Nagpur city using ambient air quality monitoring, remote sensing for landuse cover, ground truth and anatomical and biochemical responses of the trees to air pollution.


Background: The effect of ethyl icosapentate (EPA‐E) on urinary calcium and oxalic acid excretion was examined to evaluate whether EPA‐E is useful in the prevention of calcium‐containing urinary stones.


Objective
To systematically review the effects of Yoga on cancer related fatigue in breast cancer patients.

Methods
While foreign literatures searched from PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, ISI Web of Knowledge, EBSCO, MEDLINE, etc, Chinese literatures came from CNKI, CBM, VIP and Wanfang Data, besides Google scholar was assisted to collect all randomized control trails (RCTs) about Yoga releasing breast cancer related fatigue. Retrieval started from creating database to1 July 2014 without language restriction. Cochrance evaluation manual was used to evaluate the RCTs, and RevMan 5.1 software was used for Meta analysis.

Results
A total of 9 RCTs met the inclusion criteria, with a total of 623 breast cancer patients, including 342 patients in the yoga group (intervention group) and 281 patients in the usual care group (control group). The Meta-analysis results revealed that Yoga played certain effects to release breast cancer related fatigue.

Conclusions
Whether Yoga, as a effective method to release breast cancer related fatigue, can be generally promoted in clinical required clinical high quality, large sampling and multicenter RCTs to support.

Key words:
Yoga; Breast cancer; Cancer-related fatigue; Randomized controlled trial; Meta-analysis


This report documents hydrographic data collected during six cruises on the R/V Cape Henlopen in 1981: CW81-01 (10-16 July), CW81-02 (19-23 July), CW81-03 (26-30 July), CW81-04 (2-6 August), CW81-05 (9-13 August), and CW81-06 (16-21 August) as part of the Georgia Bight Experiment II (GABEX II). The purpose of GABEX II was to observe summertime intrusions of Gulf Stream water onto the continental shelf off northeast Florida and Georgia, and to evaluate the importance of these intrusions on shelf dynamics and on the distribution and productivity of plankton. The experiment included current meter moorings and shipboard hydrographic observations. The result was a cruise track and schedule that covered the area from Cape Canaveral to Savannah every week with the St. Augustine section being repeated twice each week. Forty-five cross-shelf hydrographic sections were completed during July to August 1981. Stations along each section were located 5 nautical miles apart to resolve the expected spatial scales. Conductivity/Temperature/Depth (CTD) casts and Niskin bottle samples for oxygen, nutrient, and chlorophyll analyses were obtained at each station.