"Potential"is the concept of Chinese traditional cultural overallness intuition,from Laozi"Potential makes everything"potential theory that goes to"grandson art of war",Have elaborated the important location of potential in being managed.Along with the development of natural science,have arisen"position potential,electromotive potential,quantum potential and vacuum potential".The comprehensive potential sense of traditional culture and the potential concept of natural science,the logic that gives potential defines,From this,the potential science theoretical that forms is,Potential science can not only make the natural science and social science together in logic,but also can show the motion of innovative business and the development of individual in information age.In the view of potential science:communicate is the derivation of organization.Encourage is to individual,operate to market,and decision to route what communicate to organization.Finally we can expound that all the theory and method in management have relation with the theory in potential science.Then we get the law of potential.From this,from the eastern potential intuition of management,deduction makes the derivative logic of western management,To manage the scientific research studied,have opened up effective logic channel.


OBJECTIVE
This article focuses on the anatomy of the mylohyoid muscle, a crucial landmark in imaging of the oral cavity and upper neck, showing dissected specimens and CT and MR images.

CONCLUSION
Identification of the relationship of a lesion in the sublingual space to the mylohyoid muscle using MDCT and high-resolution MRI is a key part of the imaging assessment of the oral cavity and upper neck.


For optimized performance of the semiconductor switch in a power electronic module a uniform current distribution in the active volume of the chip is desirable. Since the bottom side of the semiconductor die is fully connected to a substrate by a soldered or even a sintered layer, the vertical current distribution is mainly determined by the top side interconnection technology and the ability of the top side aluminum metallization to spread the current in lateral direction. The focus of this paper is on the influence of the metallization and the top side connection, realized by heavy wire bonds. Sheet resistance and roughness measurements were taken on power modules, aged by active power cycling, in order to evaluate degradation during regular operation. Voltage mapping measurements across the metallization layer during operation were correlated to finite element simulation results, revealing inhomogeneities in the current density distribution in the metallization layer as well as the semiconductor die.


Background: Dependence to methamphetamines appears to be resulted in mood disturbances as well as potential psychotic behaviors. This study determined prevalence of some psychiatric problems, including delusions and mood alterations due to addiction to methamphetamine (named Shishe among Iranian population). We also compare these psychiatric aspects between Shishe-addicted and non-addicted subjects to assess relationship between consumption of methamphetamines and appearance of psychological disturbances. Methods: Participants included 50 Shishe-dependent patients and 49 non-addicted subjects as controls that all suffered from acute psychotic alterations recruited from the Iranian Legal Medical Organization between June and December 2010. The drug-dependent samples met DSM-IV criteria for methamphetamine dependence. Face to face interviewing was the source of information on the presence or absence of different types of delusions and manifest mood symptoms. Results: With respect to overall prevalence of delusions or mood alterations, regardless of underlying sociodemographic factors, need to physical restrain, delusional jealousy, disorientation, mutilation, and manifestation of mood instability were more prevalent in Shishe-addicted than non-addicted ones, while persecutory delusion was similarly revealed in both groups. Separate set of multivariable logistic regression analyses determined whether the two groups differed in the appearance of mood instability symptoms and delusions with the presence of potential cofounders including socio-demographic indices. Addiction to Shishe could be a main indicator for appearance of jealous delusion, disorientation, and self-mutilation. Conclusion: Acute psychotic patients addicted to Shishe as the most common form of methamphetamines in Iran can experience some serious types of delusions and mood impairments particularly jealous delusion, disorientation, and self-mutilation.


The world's coastline consists of more than 30% of sandy beaches, many of which are already eroding. Climate change is expected to put more pressure on sandy shorelines, not only because of rising seas, but also from changing weather patterns, affecting the characteristics of marine storms. Here we discuss projections of coastline dynamics along the world's sandy beaches in view of climate change. Using Bruun's rule combined with new global wave projections 1 and a dataset on beach slopes 2 , we find that sea level rise will result in median retreat around -28 m and -35 m under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, respectively, by the year 2050. the shoreline retreat is projected to climb to around -63 m and -105 m, respectively, by the end of the century. The impact of episodic erosion during storm events will most likely become more severe as sandy beaches will shrink, however, changes in the intensity and characteristics of storms seem to leave an noticeable footprint only in few locations worldwide. Ambient change, extrapolated from historical behaviour 3 , is expected to contribute signicantly to future sandy beach erosion. However, ambient change can also drive accretion, as is the case along a big part of East Asia. The present findings imply that many sandy beaches worldwide will experience retreat of more than 100 m, i.e. they are very likely to vanish, especially in the absence of accommodating space. The socio-economic implications to tourism, quality of life and the economy can be devastating, especially in small, tourism dependent communities.


The paper presents the cellular automaton (CA) model for tracking the development of dendritic structure in non-equilibrium solidification conditions of binary alloy. Thermal, diffusion and surface phenomena have been included in the mathematical description of solidification. The methodology for calculating growth velocity of the liquid-solid interface based on solute balance, considering the distribution of the alloy component in the neighborhood of moving interface has been proposed. The influence of solidification front curvature on the equilibrium temperature was determined by applying the Gibbs Thomson approach. Solute and heat transfer equations were solved using the finite difference method assuming periodic boundary conditions and Newton cooling boundary condition at the edges of the system. The solutal field in the calculation domain was obtained separately for solid and liquid phase. Numerical simulations were carried out for the Al-4 wt.% Cu alloy at two cooling rates 15 K/s and 50 K/s. Microstructure images generated on the basis of calculations were compared with actual structures of castings. It was found that the results of the calculations are agreement in qualitative terms with the results of experimental research. The developed model can reproduce many morphological features of the dendritic structure and in particular: generating dendritic front and primary arms, creating, extension and coarsening of secondary branches, interface inhibition, branch fusion, considering the coupled motion and growth interaction of crystals.


This paper introduces the global dynamics of an SIS model with bilinear incidence rate and saturated treatment function. The treatment function is a continuous and differential function which shows the effect of delayed treatment when the rate of treatment is lower and the number of infected individuals is getting larger. Sufficient conditions for the existence and global asymptotic stability of the disease-free and endemic equilibria are given in this paper. The first Lyapunov coefficient is computed to determine various types of Hopf bifurcation, such as subcritical or supercritical. By some complex algebra, the Bogdanov-Takens normal form and the three types of bifurcation curves are derived. Finally, mathematical analysis and numerical simulations are given to support our theoretical results.


Over the past decades, the evolution of the “flash drought” concept has offered new insights in the analysis of extreme climate. Rapid development and devastating effects on the ecosystem have made flash droughts different from the traditional drought. For example, the flash drought event of 2012 across the Great Plains in the USA caused an agricultural loss of $30 billion. In this study, we reviewed the progress and determined the growth rate of flash drought research over the past decades. Furthermore, we compiled the challenges addressed by the researchers and then presented the future perspectives to cope with these challenges. We used the Scopus database as a search engine to track articles published from 2000 to 2020. The association technique of clustering s applied to the author’s keywords and research titles to identify the hot spots of flash drought research. The results show that the literature on flash droughts has grown rapidly over the past decade. The main identified challenges are the appropriate definition and identification of flash drought, the development of an effective early warning system, the determination of the ecosystem response time to flash droughts, and the data scarcity in both spatial and temporal scales. Future research should establish a detailed framework to integrate each of the challenges and provide mitigation suggestions to the effects of flash drought.


This study is evaluating the customer-based retail brand equity by the effect of consumption value and brand experience. Considering Holbrook's value typology, this study is investigating the value dimensions of efficiency, entertainment, excellence, and aesthetics of retail setup. The purpose of the study is to examine the impact of retail value i.e. efficiency, entertainment, excellence, aesthetics on retail brand equity by intervention of brand experience. This study would be applied on sample population who purchase products from various retail supermarket in Karachi and Lahore.  This study employed Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) by using the SmartPLS 3.0 software. The study revealed that there was a significantly positive impact of efficiency, service, entertainment and aesthetic value on brand experience, but the impact of product excellence on brand experience was insignificant. Similarly, brand experience fully mediated the relationships of efficiency, service, entertainment and aesthetic value with retail brand equity but brand experience didn't mediated between product excellence and retail brand equity. Although, there was a positively direct relationship between product excellence and retail brand equity. This study gives very important suggestions to retail marketing strategists in order to give customers memorable retail brand experience and creating retail brand equity.


Background and Aims
Rotundone is responsible for peppery aroma in wine. This note is not appreciated by all consumers, which indicates that rotundone might be considered as a taint above a certain concentration. The current study aimed at determining a consumer rejection threshold for rotundone in Duras red wine.

Methods and Results
Consumers (n = 62) received pairs of samples consisting of a base wine and the base wine spiked with an ascending concentration of rotundone and were asked to indicate which sample they preferred. Anosmic respondents detected through triangle tests represented 31% of the panellists. For these panellists, the wine spiked at the lowest concentration was significantly rejected suggesting that rotundone might induce a trigeminal sensation and/or is involved in molecular mechanisms of flavour reduction. For remaining panellists, we were not able to determine any consumer rejection threshold. We identified three clusters of consumer profiles. The first cluster preferred a moderate concentration of rotundone and rejected a high concentration. The second cluster, mainly composed of young consumers, preferred the Control. The last group appreciated peppery wines especially at high concentration.

Conclusions
The response of consumers to rotundone is complex, and peppery notes are perceived positively or in a neutral manner by most consumers with the exception of young panellists.

Significance of the Study
Our results may assist grape growers producing Duras and other cultivars, where rotundone makes a sensory contribution, to adapt their products to consumer profiles. They also open new fields of investigation into mechanisms involved in specific anosmia to rotundone.


Hybrid systems are increasingly popular to reduce complexity as well as to integrate the best of diverse options. This paper explores Malaysians' perceptions towards the MySejahtera contact tracing app and e-Penjana, its accompanying e-wallet service provider. Findings highlight that mapping to the Capability Maturity Model and design thinking in MySejahtera-e-Penjana, has led to a needs-based government-citizen communication means and an open/scalable/extensible supply chain strategy. Analyses using logistic regression and clustering indicate that usefulness, ease of use and social norms are the most important in accepting MySejahtera, and for e-Penjana, convenience, variety and the types of incentives. Consequently, we gather requirements on a healthcare chatbot, to aid/educate the seniors, who may be less tech-savvy. We surmise, for the above apps, data mining can lead to context-aware help, and useful related product recommendations. With additional integration and smart partnerships, it is a testbed for interconnected extensions.


The transcription factor Myc forms a complex with its partner Max and with the regulatory DNA sequences on its target genes. Formation of this complex is required for Myc functions and Myc-induced oncogenic transformation. Recently, we have shown that formation of the Myc/Max/DNA complex is inhibited by the stress-responsive protein kinase Pak2 signaling pathway through phosphorylation of Myc. As a consequence of the phosphorylation, Myc loses its gene activation activity and the ability to induce proliferation and cellular transformation. Additionally, the phosphorylation induces degradation of the Myc protein. Activation of stress signaling pathways, including Pak2 activity, may be a potential therapeutic approach to block Myc-induced neoplasia.


To establish a time frame for postoperative improvements in neurocognitive function in patients who undergo parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism by utilizing repeat neuropsychological assessment at multiple time points before and after surgery.


This Proceedings volume contains selected papers from the Fourth International CIRPsponsored, Conference on Digital Enterprise Technology (DET2007), which was held at the University of Bath, UK, 19–21 September 2007. All selected papers have been suitably enhanced for publication in the Journal and have undergone full review. Digital enterprise technology (DET) is 'the collection of systems and methods for the digital modelling and analysis of the global product development and realization process, in the context of lifecycle management.' The principal aim of the DET concept is to provide a coherent context for the development and integration of the various digital technologies that underpin modern design and manufacturing. These technologies can be classified according to the following five key areas.


Abstract Background Prospective audit and feedback is one of the core strategies of an antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP). Here, we hypothesized that the addition of AIR to our extant ASP would enhance appropriate use of parenteral (IV) antibiotics (ABs) on a large inpatient medical service. Methods Adult patients on medicine wards beginning in October 2017 and not followed by the infectious diseases (ID) service were included for stewardship intervention if they were on IV ABs ≥48 hours. Recommendations were classified into: (1) duration of therapy; (2) dose adjustment; (3) IV to oral conversion; (4) adverse event prevention; (5) AB avoidance; (6) anti-pseudomonal or (7) vancomycin de-escalation; (8) AB discontinuation; (9) ID consult; (10) Δ alternative AB; (11) allergy assessment; or (12) diagnostics. Early impact of the interventions was assessed after 3 months via the Standardized Antimicrobial Administration Ratio (SAAR) and compared with the 3-month, pre-AIR period. The SAAR is used to benchmark facilities' AB use against those of similar complexity; SAAR = 1 indicates that observed = predicted use. Results For 158 interventions made, the most common syndromes were pneumonia (41%), skin and soft tissue (29.4%), and urinary tract infection (17.7%). Intervention categories other than 4, 9, and 11 had acceptance rates >85% (Figure 1). The SAAR decreased from the pre- to post-AIR period in terms of agents for: broad-spectrum use in HAI (SAAR relative ratio [RR]: 0.80, 95% CI [0.73–0.88]); MRSA (SAAR RR: 0.81, 95% CI [0.73–0.91]); and all indications (SAAR RR: 0.86, 95% CI [0.82–0.90]). During the same periods, surgical wards without AIR showed no Δ in AB use. Conclusion The majority of AB use recommendations delivered by a pharmacist–physician stewardship team were highly accepted by medical providers and led to a 15–20% decrease in overall AB use, without adverse effect during the immediate postintervention period. Potential clinical benefits, such as decreased rates of Clostridium difficile disease, will need to be measured as the AIR program advances. It is worth noting that interventions for AB allergy assessment were least accepted by providers, possibly due to time required to comply. Design of prospective audit and feedback programs may need to address this potential deficiency. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.


The present research aimed to investigate the effectiveness of psychodynamic theatrical play on children with symptoms of anxiety. Drawing from psychoanalytic theories concerning object relations, symbolic function and transitional space, the paper discusses the different dynamics employed during twelve sessions of theatrical play, as well as the procedural progress of the children who participated in the process. The theoretical implications of the theories of Vygotsky, Klein, Piaget and Anzieu are contextualised in this research analysis, which used a kinetic family drawing and a draw-a-person test to establish the anxiety symptoms and emotional stability of three children aged 10 to 12 before and after the completion of twelve sessions of theatrical play, in order to examine the potential effectiveness of an intervention based on the above principles. The different phases of the intervention are analysed and the outcomes of the intervention are discussed.


This paper deals with the stability and stabilization issue of probabilistic Boolean network. After giving a survey on semi-tensor product approach to probabilistic Boolean network, the stability and stabilization of probabilistic Boolean network are studied. Some sufficient conditions for stability and stabilization of probabilistic Boolean network with probability one are obtained. Finally, examples are given to show the efficiency of the obtained results.


Intelligent buildings are complex systems consisting of embedded computation, technical devices, (inter)acting users and physical quantities. Integrating such different aspects brings together subsystems that must be represented differently. Autom a ed problem-solving on the other side is based on m dels that capture the essential aspects of the behavior in a uniform way. Here we focus on diagnostics for intelligent buildings, and in particular the automated gen eration of diagnostics from design models for build ings. In particular, we extend previous work on diagnostics generation in two ways: (1) Defining a meta-model f or a specific domain, as illustrated through the lightin g control domain, allows us to fully automate the d iagnostics generation process. (2) We propose a methodology th at allows the system engineer to adjust and compare levels of granularity of the diagnosis according to a specific diagnosis task. The rest of this paper is organized as follows: We introduce our framework and the main technologies in section 2. Preliminaries that deal with mod el abstraction are briefly given in section 3, and the methodology of our diagnostics comparison is described in section 4. In section 5 we illustrate ou r achievements through a detailed example. Section 6 concludes our work and gives an outlook onto our future contributions.


Based on the specific structures of tomato endogenous reference gene PG and general genes of transgenic tomato,such as CaMV 35S promoter,NOS terminator,npt-Ⅱ gene and antisense EFE gene,five pairs of primers were designed for qualitative PCR.The results showed that the target DNA sequences specific to every transgenic tomato could be detected,which indicated that the primers had high specificity and accuracy,and could identify transgenic tomatoes specifically.


This chapter points to the 'pluralization of the lifeworld' involved in globalization as a key context for changing dissenting spiritualities through the twentieth century. These have included a remarkable upsurge in Spirit-movements that fall under categories such as Pentecostal, charismatic, neo-charismatic, 'renewalist', and indigenous Churches. Spirit language is not only adaptive to globalized settings, but brings with it eschatological assumptions. New spiritualities emerge to disrupt existing assumptions with prophetic and often critical voices that condemn aspects of the existing culture, state, and church life. This chapter outlines this process of disruption of the mainstream in case studies drawn from the USA, the UK, India, Africa, and Indonesia, where charismaticized Christianity has emerged and grown strongly in often quite resistant broader cultures.


3 PREFACE The integrals associated to Feynman graphs must have been a source of frustration for particle physicists ever since. Indeed there is a delicate difference between being able to draw a Feynman graph and being able to compute the associated Feynman integral. Although perturbation theory has brought enormous breakthroughs, many physicists turned to more abstract developments in quantum field theory, looked for other ways to produce perturbational results, or left the field entirely. Nonetheless there is a significant number of physicists, computational and theoretical, who pursue the quest for concepts and algorithms to compute and understand those integrals to higher and higher orders. Their motivation is to help test the validity of the underlying physical theory. For a mathematician, Feynman graphs and their integrals provide a rich subject in their own right, independent of their computability. It was only recently though that the work of Bloch, Esnault and Kreimer has brought a growing interest of mathematicians from various disciplines to the subject. In fact it opened up a completely new direction of research: a motivic interpretation of Feynman graphs that unites their combinatorial, geometric and arithmetic aspects. This idea had been in the air for a while, based on computational results of Broadhurst and Kreimer, and on a theorem of Belkale and Brosnan related to a conjecture of Kontsevich about the generality of the underlying motives. A prerequisite for the motivic approach is a profound understanding of renormalization that was established less recently in a modern language by Connes and Kreimer. This dissertation studies the renormalization of Feynman graphs in position space using an adapted resolution of singular-ities, and makes two other contributions of mostly combinatorial nature to the subject. I hope this may serve as a reference for somebody who feels comfortable with the traditional position space literature and looks for a transition to the research of Bloch and Kreimer. I want to thank D. Kreimer for sharing his wealth of experience and ideas with me and E. Vogt for helping me make things more precise; and both for dedicating a great deal of time and effort to advising this research. I am grateful to R. Brunetti for pointing me to a reference that was crucial for my understanding, and for his collaboration. I also thank R. Schader for his support over many years. While carrying out this research, I benefitted from discussions with R. the DESY in …


The four intensive problems to the software rose by the software industry .i.e., User System Communication / Human Machine Interface, Meta Data extraction, Information processing & management and Data representation are discussed in this research paper. To contribute in the field we have proposed and described an intelligent semantic oriented agent based search engine including the concepts of intelligent graphical user interface, natural language based information processing, data management and data reconstruction for the final user end information representation.


Soldiers are very essential part of any nation's security system. During, wars and search operations soldiers get injured and many of them become lost. As, soldiers health is important because they are the savior of our country who protects us from enemy attacks, terrorist activities and from many suspicious activities which can harm us as well as our nation too. This project gives an ability to track the location and monitor health of the soldiers in real time who become lost and get injured in the battlefield. It helps to minimize the time, search and rescue operation efforts of army control unit. This system enables to army base station to track the location and monitor health of soldiers using GPS module and wireless body area sensor networks (WBASNs), such as temperature sensor, heart beat sensor, etc.. The data coming from sensors and GPS receiver is transmitted wirelessly using ZigBee module. Also, a soldier can ask for help from control room and can communicate with other fellow soldier present within the wireless transmission and reception range.


This paper proposes a high efficient soft-switching multiple-input positive buck-boost converter. Multiple-input converters (MIC) use usually forward-conducting-bidirectional-blocking (FCBB) switches to control their input voltages and currents. However, these FCBB switches may decrease the overall system efficiency because of their switching losses. This paper applied a soft-switching method into multiple-input (MI) positive buck-boost converter's switches in order to design a high efficient MIC. Based on the hardware experiment result, the proposed converter showed that its power conversion efficiency was 95.25%.


This research explored how formulaic sequences and semantic prosody, i.e., the attitudinal information carried in context, evolve over time. An individual learner corpus of spoken and written data collected longitudinally over a year of observation was investigated using a frequency-driven approach. The most frequent formulaic sequences were extracted and coded for semantic prosody. A collostructional analysis was conducted to analyze the strength of the relationship between formulaic sequences and the semantic prosodies they express. The results indicate that formulaic sequences that were highly associated with prosodic information were likely unique to a particular learner and closely linked to that learner's developing identity in the new language. Additionally, the same 3-4 word language formulas were used repeatedly in a given time period to express specific prosodies. However, the formulaic language used to express prosody changed over time with the learner's development in language proficiency. This research suggests that formulaic language is an important means by which learners express prosody.


In the production of wire rod,tensions among racks directly influence quality and yield of products.In the article,it is described that steel could not be piled up,wear of guide pieces could be less,and product quality could be better by analysing different kinds of factors that influence tensions in the actual production of wire rod and adopting relevant measures.


Summary After detailed examinations of the male lectotype of Diplura erlandi (Tullgren, 1905) the type species of Achetopus Tullgren, 1905 and comparisons with the earlier descriptions of this species, it is certain that the vial does not exclusively contain disarticulated components of a single specimen. It was not possible to identify the components separately so that the extraneous ones could be removed. The designation of a neotype is desirable. Notes on the use and distinction of scopula, entire scopula and divided scopula are included.


The Shonkin Sag laccolith (MT) is a differentiated mafic igneous body that concordantly intruded into undeformed Cretaceous sandstones at 50 Ma. Erosional processes have produced a cross-section-like exposure of the laccolith on the resulting cliff wall, revealing the base, roof, and eastern contact of the laccolith where it transitions to fringing sills. Previous researchers used this site to document fractionation and crystal settling and concluded that for a magma chamber the size of the Shonkin Sag laccolith to have formed and differentiated, it must have been emplaced in a single pulse. This conclusion contradicts more recent studies, which show that many plutons are emplaced in multiple small pulses over time. By using a combination of six different methods, we show that the rapidly cooled margin of the laccolith and fringing sills preserves evidence of magma emplacement. Data from the eastern contact between the laccolith and fringing sills reveal evidence for internal contacts and large zones of solid-state deformation indicative of multiple emplacement pulses. Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility, thin section analyses, image analyses, and thermal models support these observations. The combined data indicate that a minimum of seven pulses of magmatism must have occurred over ~3 years, while total cooling of the laccolith to the solidus would have occurred over ~21 years, during which the laccolith would have differentiated. The detailed study of small intrusions such as the Shonkin Sag laccolith and its fringing sills provide insight into the emplacement processes of magma in active volcanic systems. These include the 1980 Mt. St. Helens, USA cryptodome and the rapidly emplaced laccolith during the 2011 eruption of Cordón Caulle, Chile, both of which caused extensive ground deformation over the course of a few weeks to months.


The article put forward a multistage complex dust removal purification technology and development of cupola fule gas with high efficiency and feasible economy based on the characteristics of polluants emitting from cupola in the process of melting.


Abstract Biodegradable polyesters such as poly(lactic acid) were synthesised by ring opening polymerization of anhydrosulfites. Considerable success has been achieved with the use of anionic initiators. High molecular weight polymer, Mn ∼37 700 has been synthesised using tert-butyl lithium as the initiator, which has turned out to be the most successful amongst the alkali metal alkoxides, alkyls and amides. Polymers produced were characterized with respect to structure (1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy) and molecular weight (Gel Permeation Chromatography).


Enzymatic activity of the UvrD DNA helicase FBH1 is required for the efficient induction of DSBs and apoptosis specifically in response to DNA replication stress.


Prohibition of repeated statements has benefits for the tractability and predictability of dialogues carried out by machines, but doesn't match the real world behaviour of people. This gap between human and machine behaviour leads to problems when formal dialectical systems are applied in conversational AI contexts. However, the problem of handling statement repetition gives insight into wider issues that stem partly from the historical focus on formal dialectics to the near exclusion of descriptive dialectics. In this paper we consider the problem of balancing the needs of machines versus those of human participants through the consideration of both descriptive and formal dialectics integrated within a single overarching dialectical system. We describe how this approach can be supported through minimal extension of the Dialogue Game Description Language.


Gamma-ray emission probabilities of {sup 235}U and {sup 238}U have been studied extensively. While the gamma-ray emission probabilities for {sup 235}U and are well known, the emission probabilities for {sup 238}U differ widely from one study to another. This study indicates that one of the causes of the large discrepancies in the studies may be due to the true coincidence summing of many gamma rays from the decay of {sup 238}U daughters. The intensities of some of the intense gamma rays of {sup 238}U compared with the others were reduced by as much as 16% when the 21-mm-thick U{sub 3}O{sub 8} samples were moved from 15 cm to putting them in contact with the detector. With better knowledge of the gamma-ray emission probabilities and understanding the summing effects of specific gamma rays, the isotopic concentration of uranium can be better analyzed. The results of the isotopic analysis using fixed energy response function analysis with multiple efficiencies (FRAM) with the summing correction are presented in this paper.


HS-DNA probe was immobilized on the gold surface of quartz crystal oscillator by self-assembling.After hybridization,target DNA was connected with 40 nm Au nanoparticle via biotin-streptavidin conjugation to enlarge the frequency change and improve the sensitivity of detection.The frequency change reached to 86 Hz and the detection limit reached to 10 fmol/L in our experiments.Two measurement modes-naked crystal measurement and holder equipment mode were investigated.It was found that the frequency measurement was unstable and distorted under the former mode due to the diffusion of hybridization solution and the volatilization of buffer solution.However,this situation did not appear under the latter mode,which could ensure the stability and accuracy of the frequency measurement effectively.


The liquids temperature curve for the system of Nd 3+ ∶Gd 0.2 Y 0.8 Al 3(BO 3) 4 - K 2MO 3O 10 B 2O 3 was determined by means of differential thermal analysis(DTA),and large crystals of Nd 3+ ∶Gd 0.2 Y 0.8 Al 3(BO 3) 4 with dimensions of up to 32mm have been grown from a K 2MO 3O 10 B 2O 3 flux.From the grown crystal boule,a high quality laser bulk crystal with dimensions of 4mm×5mm×6mm was cut out,and it's absorption spectrum has been measured.A laser output of 48mW at 1.06μm with an optical to optical efficiency of 20% and a laser output of 78mW at 1.3μm with an optical to optical efficiency of 9.75% were obtained when this crystal was pumped by a Ti sapphire laser.


This article introduced a method of delay coherent demodulation for DC System of MSK by adopting SAW Surface Acoustic Wave Tapped Delay Line,and established systemic artificial model,which conducts systemic artificiality by using SystemView artificial software.The results showed that the research verifies the theory for designing hardware system and offers experience and reference for hardware testing.


Extensive literature on business process management (BPM) suggests that organizations could enhance their overall performance by adopting a process view of business. Hammer (2007) states that, in virtually every industry, companies of all sizes have achieved extraordinary improvements in cost, quality, speed, profitability, and other key areas by focusing on, measuring and redesigning their customer-facing and internal processes. In reality, many things need to be changed to harness the power of processes, but how to ensure what exactly need to be changed, how much, and when? In the article, a methodologically extended Hammer's business process maturity model framework and its methodological implementation guidelines are presented. The developed framework serves as a diagnostic tool for the identification of organization process maturity level and to do reasoned optimal improvements which lead to a better overall organization performance.


Objective : To evaluate the medical documentation process compared to criterion as per Joint Commission International. Method : A retrospective study was conducted in a cancer hospital of Karnataka, India, for a period of 4 months. A total of 600 discharged inpatient records were randomly selected from the records of total patients admitted and discharged during the year 2008. A checklist was then prepared as per the medical documentation criterion laid down by JCI. To measure the compliance three options were included i.e. "Yes", "No" and "Not Applicable". The forms considered for the assessment were Admission form, Consent form, Radiation form, Brachytherapy form, Anesthesia consent and management form, Post operative form, Doctor's record, Nurses record and Discharge Summary. Results : A total of 49% non compliance was seen in General consent in respect to the signature of doctors with date, whereas, 18% of anesthesia forms failed to provide any evidence of anesthesia used during the surgery. It was found that the standard documentation of the discharge summary was most dissatisfactory, where 44% of discharge summary does not comply with criteria of JCI. Conclusion : Though overall medical documentation process was satisfactory, the documentation of General consent form and Anesthesia form needs to be enhanced further as per the standards framed by the Joint Commission International. Special attention should be given to the complete and accurate documentation of Discharge summary.


The survey is regarded as the most commonly used methodological tool in gathering information. There are many types of surveys, but this chapter discusses how to conduct and analyze quantitative and qualitative survey research in virtual environments via online or computer-administered surveys. Corporations are increasingly relying on virtual surveys to acquire knowledge about their employees' morale, satisfaction, and productivity. Hence, this chapter is intended as a tutorial guide for exploring organizational cultures through virtual survey research. This chapter explains in detail how to design survey questionnaires, sample subjects, analyze data both quantitatively and qualitatively, and finally how to interpret survey results. Strengths and limitations associated with using virtual surveys are highlighted. The chapter also considers future directions for understanding employees' needs through virtual survey research. DOI: 10.4018/978-1-4666-0963-1.ch011


For multiple cooperating manipulators system,the new method for object nonsqueezing grasp is introduced,and the related dynamic load distribution in the joint space is discussed.For the case of two PUMA262 manipulators handling a single object,the numerical research is conducted.


In this paper, TiSi<inf>2</inf> formation through ultra-thin Al<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> intermediation is experimentally demonstrated and the mechanism for solid-state phase reaction is studied. By the intermediation of ultra-thin buffer layer, a thinner layer of amorphous Ti-silicide was obtained under the same annealing condition. It's found that the Si atomic diffusion process is almost retarded by the buffering layer while Ti atoms can still diffuse into Si substrate through the oxygen exchange effect between TiO<inf>2</inf> and Al<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>. Due to lack of nucleation centers in the Ti/Al<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>/Si system, only amorphous C49 phase TiSi<inf>2</inf> was formed with a Ti-rich silicide phase formed at the top surface. In the normal Ti/Si system, however, C54 phase can be obtained at high temperature.


This study examines ownership benen former left by the vehicle owner in a tire repairs. The problem is implementation of the contract and ownership benen former left by vehicle in a tire repairs. From the problems appear question how to implementation of the contract and ownership benen former left by the vehicle owner in a tire repairs. This study is a field research. This data obtained through observation result and interview with the workshop owner and the vehicle owner. After the data is collected processed by analysis qualitative descriptive technique. The result discussed with theory stated. This research found that there is a lack of clarity in the implementation of the contract clear between the workshop owner with the vehicle owner and ownership the benen former is right of ownership from the vehicle owner.


In order to find the exact characteristics of cacao butter with regard to its purity judgment, general properties, especially chemical composition, fats extracted from 22 kinds of cacao beans and 20 kinds of cacao butter products were analyzed, and the following results were obtained.1) In total fatty acid composition, the main components were C16, C18, and C18 : 1 acids, being present in 27, 34, and 35%, respectively. This composition is rather rare among other vegetable fats.2) The total number of carbons in the acyl chains of the triglyceride was almost 50, 52, and 54, whereas it's distribution among samples was relatively similar, being approximately 18, 52 and 30%, respectively.3) In the extracted fats, fatty acid composition in 2-position was C18 : 1 in more than 80%, and unsaturated fatty acids in more than 90% whereas saturated acids consisted of a small amount of C16 and C18 acids. Some products, however, clearly contained a larger amount of saturated acids and a smaller amount of C18 : 1 acid.4) Sterol composition of the extracted fats showed a slight variation according to the locality of production but generally contained campesterol, stigmasterol, and sitosterol in approximately 1 : 4 : 9 ratio. Presence of a large amount of stigmasterol is the prominent feature of cacao butter and this is not found in other vegetable fats. It was also found that there was a definite negative correlation in the composition ratio of stigmasterol and sitosterol.5) As an index for the judgement of purity of cacao butter, ratios of C16/C18, stigmasterol/campesterol, a few others were examined, and it was found that the factor based on the distribution of the total number of carbons in the acyl chains of the triglyceride showed little scatter and was found to be useful.


According to the Statute of Sejm, introducing changes to an act, which is a code, requires a special procedure, which purpose is not to make such changes too fast. Meanwhile, in a relatively short period, polish parlament made a numer of changes to the penal code as part of the enactment of laws aimed at combating the coronavirus epidemic. The scope of these changes was relatively large. They concerned important issues not only in the general part of the Penal Code, defining the principles of criminal liability, but also in the specific regulations, modifying statutory threats and introducing new types of crimes. This is particularly important due to the judgment of the Constitutional Tribunal issued on July 14, 2020, which also concerned the legislative pace of the 2019 amendment to the Penal Code.


Abstract A new diterpenoid, named populusol A (1), was isolated from the methanolic extraction of the stem bark of Populus davidiana. The structure was elucidated on the basis of extensive 1D and 2D NMR as well as HRFAB-MS spectroscopic analysis.


In Public Wireless LANs(PWLANs), user anonymity is an essential issue. Recently, Juang et al. proposed an anonymous authentication and key exchange protocol using smart cards in PWLANs. They claimed that their proposed scheme provided identity privacy, mutual authentication, and half-forward secrecy. In this paper, we point out that Juang et al.'s protocol is vulnerable to the stolen-verifier attack and does not satisfy user anonymity. Keywords—PWLANs, user privacy, smart card, authentication, key exchange


Previous studies of the reflection of slow excited atoms entering an empty microwave resonator are extended by including the dissipation of the photon energy into the description. For typical parameter values, this leads to a reduction of the reflection probability by a factor of ten. Somewhat unexpectedly, we also find that the transmitted atoms may gain in kinetic energy as a result of the photon damping.


Soft x-ray contact microscopy provides the biologist with a technique for examining the ultrastructure of living cells at a much higher resolution than that possible by various forms of light microscopy. Readout of the developed photoresist using atomic force microscopy (AFM) produces a detailed map of the carbon densitites generated in the resist following exposure of the specimen to water-window soft x-rays (2-4nm) produced by impact of a high enrgy laser onto a suitable target. The established high resolution imaging method of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has inherent problems in the chemical pretreatment required for producing the ultrathin sections necessary for this technique. Using the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas the ultrastructural appearance of the cells following SXCM and TEM has been compared. While SXCM confirms the basic structural organization of the cell as seen by TEM (e.g. the organization of the thylakoid membranes within the chloroplast; flagellar insertion into the cytoplasm), there are important difference. These are in the appearance of the cell covering and the presence of carbon-dense spherical cellular inclusions.


This paper defines different states of mind that have been developed towards plant forms by professional botanists and others. A discussion leads to proposals for an open morphology, keeping a scientific status for this discipline. Key words: plant morphology, history of botany, philosophy of botany. [Journal translation]


By generalized meningitis I refer to that form in which organisms are obtained in culture from the spinal fluid. Such a condition is often met and, except in the epidemic type, the outcome is unfortunately almost invariably fatal. Cases of meningitis in which the organisms are obtained only from the spinal fluid in smears offer a very different prognosis from those in which the organisms are grown in culture. The case reported here is of interest because of recovery following an attack of generalized meningitis. REPORT OF CASE In M. P., a girl of 13 years, acute otitis media on the right side developed on Feb. 10, 1934, at which time a myringotomy was performed. There had been no previous trouble with the ears or other serious illness. The ear continued to discharge, and the patient was admitted to the Manhattan Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital. Eight days later a


The benefits of using a Y-Ba-Cu-O Josephson junction mixer for a monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) antenna array are described. The junction has a new flat and lateral structure using a focused-ion-beam (FIB) with less than 10/sup 18/ cm/sup -2/ doses to damage MgO substrates before the Y-Ba-Cu-O film deposition. We have combined 6 elements of the flat and lateral junction in series in order to improve the mixer impedance. We have also developed a very small size microwave cryostat as an integrated assembly, in which the mixer antenna has been mounted. Using the series junction as a part of a mixer antenna which converted irradiated microwaves of frequency from 23 GHz to 1 GHz, classical music carried by 23 GHz microwaves has been successfully received by the Y-Ba-Cu-O mixer antenna.<<ETX>>


We recently described a rare frameshift mutation in the δ-globin gene in a Dutch patient, in association with a new mutation of the Gγ-globin gene promoter [Gγ −37 (A→T)] with a moderately elevated Hb F level of 2.3%. The δ mutation at codon 91 (+T) has been described once before in our laboratory in 1989, in a complex Belgian family with Gγ (Aγδβ)0-thalassemia (thal) and moderately elevated Hb F levels, without the Gγ (Aγδβ)0-thal deletion in some individuals. Analysis of the patients from 1989 revealed the presence of the same Gγ-globin gene mutation and moderately elevated Hb F in all patients, who were also carriers of the δ-globin gene frameshift. Further analysis demonstrated that the two mutations were in linkage with the same haplotype in both the Belgian family and the recently found patient, confirming the association of the elevated Hb F expression with the new Gγ-globin gene mutation.


Abstract A thorough and accurate understanding of biodiversity can come only from objective inquiry. Libraries provide the foundation for academic and research institutions. Holdings generally reflect the state of knowledge but they can also reveal information gaps or anthropocentric bias. To determine if taxonomic bias exists in the published literature, I reviewed the holdings of Canadian university libraries and global sources and compared them with relative species richness of vertebrate classes. Proportionately, the holdings of libraries are significantly different than ranked species richness of vertebrates. Publications on endothermic vertebrates (birds, mammals) are vastly over-represented, while those on ectothermic vertebrates (especially amphibians and reptiles) are drastically under-represented. The ranked holdings are consistent with the idea that humans are more interested in similar than dissimilar organisms and economically important species, and that a strong taxonomic bias exists in academic libraries and our knowledge base. Geographic bias because of study locations and the suitability of vertebrates for study models may also play a role in explaining the preponderance of publications involving birds and mammals. If biologists are to achieve a balanced view and understanding of biological diversity, it is important that gaps in knowledge be filled and bias reduced or acknowledged and accounted for in future research


This paper discusses the management of cross-cultural clashes in multinationals. It has defined the concept of cross-culture and described briefly the features of cross-cultural clashes in multinationals. On this basis, it has analyzed the causes of cross-cultural clashes and put forward the corresponding solutions.


factor (diffusing capacity) for carbon monox· Jl'ilriCrt~SI~S during physical exercise in normal •wx.wut~.;:.:; of the method of measurement. It been suggested that fuo measured during provide a more subtle index of gas exthan when measured at rest [1, 2]. age on TLco on exercise are unclear. mntnvon .. steady-state techniques have found an in 1'LCo on exercise in men [3, 4], conflicting results have been found [5, single breath technique we have previously absence of an age effect in a series of 24 yrs [7]. between men and women for Tu:o on shown that in young trained and untrained rel<;~tionships of steady-state fuo to oxygen


Mathematics is a human creation, which has been developing for more than four thousand years. It emerged as a response to different social and economic needs of civilizations. Historical development of mathematics stresses that mathematics as a science has always been connected to economic and social context and development of society. There is little or no research that promotes using historical content in mathematics lessons in the Nigeria context. In this paper, we model the use of history of mathematical thought (HMT) in mathematics instruction and solved the formulated model equation using integrating factor. The rate at which HMT is used by teachers in mathematics instruction is assumed to be proportional to the number of teachers that do not use HMT. The analysis suggests that with time, only a fraction of teachers can use HMT in teaching mathematics due to the fact that they will not remember to use it, and additional recruitment of teachers will result in only marginal improvement in the usage of HMT.


Background Dengue, Zika and Chikungunya are Aedes-borne viral diseases that have risen to become great global health concerns in the past years. Several countries in Africa have reported outbreaks of these diseases and despite Ghana sharing borders with some of such countries, it remains free of these outbreaks. Recent studies in Ghana have revealed that there are antibodies and viral RNA of the Dengue virus serotype-2 among individuals in some localities in the Greater Accra Region. This is an indication of a possible silent transmission ongoing in the population, hence the need to assess the risk of transmission of these viruses within the country. This cross-sectional study, therefore, assessed the risk of transmission of Dengue, Zika and Chikungunya viruses in a domestic/peri-domestic (Madina) and a forest (Achimota Forest) population in the Greater Accra Region, Ghana. Methodology/Findings All stages of the Aedes mosquito (egg, larvae, pupae and adults) were collected around homes and in the forest area for estimation of risk indices. All eggs and immature stages were reared to adults and morphologically identified. The predominant species of Aedes mosquitoes identified from both sites were Aedes aegypti (98 % in Madina and 98.1% in Achimota forest). Aedes albopictus, an important arbovirus vector, was identified only in Madina at a prevalence of 1.5% but Achimota forest had the higher species diversity. Both study sites recorded high risk indices; Madina: Positive Ovitrap Index = 26.6%, Container Index = 36.8%, House Index = 19.8%, Breteau Index = 70.4%; Achimota: Positive Ovitrap Index = 34.2% and Container Index = 67.9%. RT-PCR to detect the presence of Dengue, Chikungunya and Zika viruses was negative for all pools tested. Conclusion All entomological risk indicators estimated showed that both sites had a high potential of an outbreak of arboviral diseases following the introduction of these viruses. Author Summary The detection of antibodies and viral RNA of the dengue virus serotype 2 in some communities in the urban city of Accra, suggested the possibility of silent transmission of arboviral disease within the city. We assessed the risk of arboviral disease transmission using entomological risk indices. The study was a cross-sectional study conducted in a forest and peri domestic setting located in the southern urban city of Accra. The different stages of the Aedes mosquito were collected and, houses and containers positive for Aedes mosquitoes were also noted. The Breteau (BI), House (HI), Container (CI) and Positive ovitrap (POI) indices were determined. Real Time-PCR was conducted to determine the presence of Dengue, Zika and Chikungunya viruses in the larvae and adults collected. Aedes aegypti was the most common species identified from both sites. Aedes albopictus another competent arbovirus vector was identified in the peri-domestic site. Almost all risk indices recorded for both sites were higher than the WHO thresholds allowed for these indices. However, real time-PCR to detect the presence of Dengue, Chikungunya and Zika viruses was negative. The high entomological risk indicators estimated showed that both sites had a great potential of an outbreak following the introduction of these viruses, and a well-structured surveillance for these vectors is highly recommended. The detection of the presence of Ae. albopictus, an invasive species is also of great concern.


Objective:The aim of this study was to evaluate a screening protocol for detecting potential fallers among elderly individuals with instability, using objective indicators of dynamic equilibration performance. Material and methods:Dynamic balance in 273 patients with postural instability (59 with and 214 without a history of falls) older than 60 years of age were tested using the SPS (SYNAPSYS) posturography platform, which evaluates equilibration responses to induced postural disturbances. Results:Among nonfallers, 23% exhibited dynamic balance alterations as severe as those in same-aged fallers. Potential fallers were detected with 97% sensitivity and nonfallers with 77% specificity. Positive and negative predictive values were 54% and 99%, respectively. Conclusions:The protocol required 5 to 8 minutes. It produced valuable information on postural deficiencies in potential fallers. It is reliable for evaluating the risk of falls in elderly patients with instability. The postural deficiencies identified by our protocol would help to develop effective rehabilitation programs. ( Fr ORL - 2005 ; 88 : 97 - 103)


Objective To evaluate the applied value of CT guiding the liver cancer ablation with cluster electrode radiofrequency hyperthermia. Methods 105 cases with local lung cancer were ablated with cluster electrode radiofrequency hyperthermia by whole body CT-ELSCINT 2400ELECT. Results Success rate of 105 cases CT guiding was 98.3% and the total remission rate was 82.8%. Conclusion It is with CT that the location of percutaneous puncture can be optimally selected, and the point view and depth of the electrode can been detected anytime; also, the internal local focus can be monitored. So, the CT guiding is the optimal method to guide cluster electrode radiofrequency hyperthermia ablation for lung cancer.


In this paper, a modified iterative decomposition method is proposed to solve the nth order linear and nonlinear integro differential equations. The solution was obtained by decomposition of the solution of the integro differential equations and the initial approximation was obtained by the evaluation of the source term. Subsequent approximations were obtained by applying the nonlinear operator on the sum of previous solutions obtained. The results obtained confirmed the accuracy and efficiency of the method when compared with the other methods found in literature. Some examples were given to illustrate the variational iterative method and the modified iterative decomposition method.


The education of girls and young adult women in Colonial America appears to have received inadequate attention. Limited attention has contributed to a one-sided view of women's edu cation as being extremely impoverished when contrasted with the education of men. Such a view appears to have resulted from an overemphasis, in educational histories, on formal public schooling. This article briefly explores the contribution of other educational agencies such as the home, apprenticeship, and evening schools. The analysis contributes to the formulation of propositions sug gesting that while a sex bias apparently favored males in quality and quantity of educational opportunity, women's education in Colonial America was richer than is popularly conceived.


To compare the advantages and disadvantages of dry and wet wire drawing machine.The characteristics and application scope of vertical cone pulley dry powder wire drawing machine are introduced,that is:not only remains the advantages of wet wire drawing machine,but also reflects the superiority of dry type wire drawing machine,especially suitable to draw fine wire and extra-fine steel wire.When vertical cone pulley dry powder wire drawing machine is designed,the principle of volume flow of steel wire passing through each wire drawing die being equal must be followed,and make use of the principle to list calculation method.Adopting stepless speed adjusting gear driving mode can satisfy the demands to produce different spec steel wire and reduce the requirements of dies arrangement.The slip coefficient was taken as 1.03~1.05 for reducing abrasion and power consumption;the wire drawing dies and cone pulley use water cooling mode for ensuring cooling efficiency.


In the surgical community, splenic rupture is commonly encountered after a history of blunt abdominal trauma such as athletic injury or motor vehicle accident. Medical care providers, from emergency department (ED) physicians to the surgeon on call, are prepared and expecting an emergency splenectomy when a patient presents aforementioned blunt abdominal trauma, is hypotensive, and is noted to have extravasation of the spleen and hemoperitoneum via imaging. We describe an unusual case of nontraumatic splenic rupture (NTSR) in which a previously healthy patient, with no known systemic illness, presented to an ED with abdominal pain, no recent history of abdominal trauma and was subsequently found to have a ruptured spleen. NTSR or pathological rupture of the spleen, though extremely rare in the literature, has been associated with hematological malignancies. Carl von Rokitansky, a Bohemian physician and pathologist, is believed to be one of the first to describe a correlation between NTSR and leukemia in 1861. Since that time, very little has been published, and one recent case study from 2007 noted that only 40 cases of splenic rupture associated with leukemia had ever been reported in English literature.1 This case illustrates an NTSR as the presenting symptom in a previously undiagnosed patient with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML), which will allow physicians to become cognizant of this potential diagnosis, as well as review the potential clinical and radiographic indications of splenic rupture in a patient who presents with NTSR. A well-developed 59-year-old female presented to an outlying medical facility ED with a chief complaint of weakness. The patient stated that while driving her car earlier that day, she saw a flash of light in her vision and had the sudden urge to have a bowel movement. She went home, attempted to use the restroom, but only passed a small, nonbloody, bowel movement. Measurement of her blood pressure at home with a wrist cuff was found to be 84/64 mm Hg. On further questioning in the ED, the patient went on to relay that she had been feeling weak for the past week yet continued with her normal activities. Earlier that day, had even exercised that morning. The patient also stated she had a slight headache but denied any chest pain, indigestion, or epigastric problems. Her abdomen was noted to be slightly distended inferiorly, which the patient had noticed earlier, and now stated it appeared worse. A review of systems was only positive for the aforementioned findings. She had no significant past medical history, and was a 0.75 pack/day cigarette smoker. She had no previous surgeries. Her only medication was Chantix for smoking cessation. Her family history included a mother with the onset of lung cancer at the age of 62 and a brother with heart disease. Her physical exam revealed the following: blood pressure, 117/71 mm Hg; heart rate, 105 beats/min; temperature, 36° C (97.5° F, oral); respiratory rate, 19 breaths/min; and oxygen saturation on room air, 100 per cent. The patient was alert and oriented at the time and in no apparent distress. Her skin was diaphoretic and pale in color. Her abdominal exam findings were as follows: abdomen was soft, distended in the lower quadrants, nontender to palpation, no liver or spleen enlargement noted, no masses, and no hernias. The rest of her physical exam was benign except a rapid heart rate. Her initial labs were significant for hemoglobin of 5.4 g/dL. A CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis was obtained (Fig. 1). The radiographic images were indicative of splenic rupture with a large amount of hemopertioneum. The patient was subsequently diagnosed with grade II hemorrhagic shock from a spontaneous splenic rupture with laboratory abnormalities suspicious for some type of acute leukemia. The appropriate critical care was provided, and the patient was Address correspondence and reprint requests to Alexander K. Saba, M.D., Department of Surgery, Good Samaritan Hospital, 375 Dixmyth Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45220. E-mail: alexander_ email@example.com.


Racial disparities in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) phenotypic presentations and outcomes are recognised. However, there are conflicting data from Western population-based cohort studies as to whether racial differences in colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence exists. To our knowledge this is the first study to investigate the impact of ethnicity on the natural history of dysplasia in ulcerative colitis (UC).

 We performed a retrospective multi-centre cohort study of adult patients with UC whose first low-grade dysplasia (LGD) diagnosis within the extent of colitis was made between 1 January 2001 and 30 December 2018. Only patients with at least one follow-up colonoscopy or colectomy by 30 August 2019 were included. The study end point was time to CRC or end of follow-up. Statistical differences between groups were evaluated using Mann-Whitney U tests and Chi-squared tests. Survival analyses were performed using Kaplan-Meier estimation and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models.

 408 patients met the inclusion criteria (see Figure 1 for patient and clinical demographics). More patients from a Black or Asian (BAME) background progressed to CRC [13.4% vs. 6.4%; p=0.036] compared to their White Caucasian counterparts, despite having surveillance follow-up. Figure 2 displays Kaplan-Meier curves demonstrating the probability of remaining CRC-free after LGD diagnosis and categorised by ethnicity. BAME patients were more likely to have moderate-severe inflammatory activity on colonic biopsy within the 5 preceding years [42.0% vs. 28.9%; p=0.023], but no significant differences in medication use and a longer median time interval from LGD diagnosis to colectomy date [32 months vs. 11 months; p=0.021]. After adjusting for sex, age and UC duration at time of LGD diagnosis and presence of moderate-severe histological inflammation, being Black or Asian was a predictive factor for CRC progression on multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis [HR 2.97 (95% CI 1.22 – 7.20); p = 0.016]. However, ethnicity was no longer predictive of CRC progression on sub-analysis of the 317 patients who did not have a colectomy during the follow-up period.

 In this UK multi-centre cohort of UC surveillance patients diagnosed with LGD, delays in receiving cancer preventative colectomy may contribute to an increased CRC incidence in certain ethnic groups. Further work is required to elucidate whether these delays are related to institutional factors (e.g. inequity in the content of decision-making support given or access to healthcare) or cultural factors.


Disclosed in the present invention is a Wnt pathway inhibitor embedded with a ureas structure, belonging to compounds that regulate the activities of a Wnt signaling pathway, and a method for preparing such compounds and use of such compounds in preparing drugs for antagonizing the Wnt signaling pathway are provided. The Wnt pathway inhibitor embedded with a ureas structure provided in the present invention has remarkable anti-tumor activities on the basis of the rational drug design for targets, and can be used in developing a new generation of Wnt pathway inhibitor, having a high clinical application value and a considerable market potential.


Extra abdominal desmoid tumours also called as Aggressive fibromatosis (AF) or Juvenile aggressive fibromatosis (JAF) are rare, benign, slow growing, locally destructive tumours of musculoaponeurotic tissue. They are a type of desmoid tumour with a propensity to occur in the head and neck region and can occur at a young age. Early identification and diagnosis is crucial in management of this condition because of its locally aggressive biological behaviour. This article attempts to better understand this rare pathology with a review on its aetiology, clinical course and treatment options.


Searchers need to compare and select which is the best source when each offers the same texts, and also how to change a successful search strategy when going from system to system for unique offerings. The similarities, differences, and full-text features of the three most used supermarket systems for full text are examined here


Field robot represented by excavator can be applied for various working in manufacturing, construction, agriculture etc. Because of the flexibility of its multi-joint mechanism and the high power of hydraulic actuators. Since the excavator operates in the hazardous working circumstance, operators exposed in harmful environment. Therefore, automation system has been investigated to protect from the harmful environment. In this paper, the method to construct the Teaching Playback control system is proposed. The efficiency of Teaching Playback control system was evaluated through the field test.


Chemical and physical properties of titania/titanate nanomaterials should be strongly influenced by their crystalline phases, grain sizes, morphologies and microstructures. The process of crystal growth contains phase transi- tion and morphological evolution behavior. In this review, the crystal phase transition mechanisms and morphology evolution models were elucidated based on the recent research works of crystal phase and morphology controlled syn- thesis of titania/titanate nano-powder materials, which included Ostwald Ripening, Ostwald's step rule, Oriented At- tachment Growth, Kirkendall Effect, etc. These phase transition mechanisms and morphology evolution models not only offer explanations for the formation of titania/titanate nano-powder materials with different phases and morphologies, but also give a guidance of phase and morphology controlled synthesis of titania/titanate nano-powder materials.


Abstract : This report discusses ATOKON modules. Features of this document are: Definition of the main surfaces in the ship, Definition of cut-outs, Definition of profiles and stiffenings, Definition of plate seams and thicknesses, Simple input to the program, Complete list of profiles used on the surfaces, Easy updating of data due to topological description, Generation of detailed drawings of the surfaces, including profiles and seams.


An Adaptive Optics (AO) system for astronomy is analysed from a control point of view. The focus is put on the temporal error. The AO controller is identified as a feedback regulator system, operating in closed-loop with the aim of rejecting wavefront disturbances. Limitations on the performance of feedback regulator systems are discussed. The concept of optimal control is proposed to minimise the temporal error. The issue of closed-loop feedback controller design is made transparent by using the principle of Internal Model Control. The central issue in reducing the temporal wavefront is the design of a feedforward prediction filter. In three separate tests - a numerical simulation example, measured data from an AO test bench and open-loop telescope data - the advantage of optimal control over the common approach of integral control is demonstrated. Optimal control of the temporal error yields a smaller temporal error, enables a longer integration time in the wavefront sensor, or the use of fainter natural guide stars.


Software-defined networking (SDN), is evolving as a new paradigm for the next generation of network architecture. The separation of control plane and data plane within SDN, brings the flexibility to manage, configure, secure, and optimize network resources using dynamic software programs. From a security point of view SDN has the ability to collect information from the network devices and allow applications to program the forwarding devices, which unleashes a powerful technology for proactive and smart security policy. These functions enable the integration of security tools that can be used in distributed scenarios, unlike the traditional security solutions based on a static firewall programmed by an administrator such as Intrusion Detection and Prevention System (IDS/IPS). This network programmability may be integrated to create a new communication platform for the Internet of Things (IoT). In this paper, we present our preliminary study that is focused on the understanding of an effective approach to build a cluster network using SDN. By using network virtualization and OpenFlow technologies to generate virtual nodes, we simulate a prototype system of over 500 devices controlled by SDN, and it represents a cluster. The results show that the network devices are only able to forward the packets by predefined rules on the controller. For this reason, we propose a method to control the IP header at the application-level to overcome this problem using Opflex within SDN architecture.


Virtual Professional Communities ("VPC") represent a new organisational model, emerging from the adoption of Information Society Technologies and relevant to borderless ways of working via the Internet between Professionals. Virtual communities bring together individuals with the same professional background and interests in order to communicate, exchange and share information and to develop business and knowledge collectively. Virtual communities are now enabled by internet technologies such as e.g. bulletin boards, list servers, newsgroups, chat rooms, work spaces, document repositories, etc. Since the full adoption and deployment of VPCs is however still hampered by a number of legal issues, the present paper is aimed to address the legal framework needed to set up and operate successfully a VPC, given the current state-of-the-art of legal research in IST-related topics as well as current regulatory context in the European Union. Legal tools and recommendations, to be used by VPC coordinator/administrator as a reference management framework, are presented.


Objective:To investigate the effect in treatment of pressure ulcers with wet healing therapy and traditional healing therapy.Method: Retrospective analysis of 60 patients with pressure ulcers,33 cases were treated with wet healing therapy and 27 cases were treated with traditional healing therapy.Pressure ulcer healing and healing time of two groups were compared.Result:Total cure rate and total effective rate of the observation group were obviously higher than that of control group,the differences were statistically significant(P0.05).The average healing time and switching frequency of the observation group were obviously higher than that of control group;while the switching interval correlation of observation group was obviously lower than that of control group,the differences were statistically significant(P0.05).The contrast The concurrent infection rates of the observation group was obviously higher than that of control group,the difference was statistically significant(P0.05).Conclusion:The effect of wet healing therapy in treat pressure ulcers is more significant and concurrent infection rates is lower,so it is worth popularizing in clinic.


We study the residence time distributions and explore the possibility of observing stochastic resonance and synchronization of passages in a two-well system driven by a periodic forcing of amplitude larger than a marginal value beyond which one of the two wells become unstable and disappear. We define and calculate hysteresis loop in the system, the area of which measures the degree of synchronization between the residence time statistics and the input signal, as a function of input noise strength. We analyse the noise induced stability obtained in such a deterministically overall unstable system and within this context discuss the above two phenomena.


Inter-criteria analysis was employed in VGO samples having a saturate content between 0.8 and 93.1 wt.% to define the statistically significant relations between physicochemical properties, empirical structural models and vacuum gas oil compositional information. The use of a logistic function and employment of a non-linear least squares method along with the aromatic ring index allowed for our newly developed correlation to accurately predict the saturate content of VGOs. The empirical models developed in this study can be used not only for obtaining the valuable structural information necessary to predict the behavior of VGOs in the conversion processes but can also be utilized to detect incorrectly performed SARA analyses. This work confirms the possibility of predicting the contents of VGO compounds from physicochemical properties and empirical models.


Chinese scientific associations were developed quickly in 1920 s and 1930s and they promoted the emergence and rise of modern Chinese "scientific community".Scientific workers could communicate and cooperate easily and closely.So scientific associations promoted the development of Chinese scientific research and they played a very important role in the formation and transmission of scientific culture.


According to the more incisive contradiction b et ween modern architecture and ancient city based upon some successful cases in Ch ina and overseas practical measures are proposed from some aspects to protect th e style and features of ancient cities with the simultaneous development of mode rn architecture.


The article contains the results of a study aimed at identifying the value orientations of older adolescents prone to victim behavior. It is written on the material of theoretical analysis of primary sources and empirical research of the author. The results were obtained through the use of the following methods: theoretical (the analysis and summary of the literature on the topic of the article), collection of empirical data (testing), processing the results (mathematical statistics). The author draws some conclusions concerning the connection of adolescents' value orientations with the types of victim behavior, the differences in value orientations of adolescents with different levels of propensity to victim behavior.


Figures. Acknowledgements. 1. The Rise of Mass Literacy. 2. Learning Literacy. 3. Economic Development. 4. Reading and Writing. 5. The Boundaries of Literacy. Notes. Bibliography. Index.


The invention relates to a test method of aggregate apparent relative density water absorption and apparatus. The method mainly includes: using vacuum method to reduce aggregate saturation period; using alcohol concentrate soundex to confirm saturate face dry point; using ultrasound fluid place method to compute aggregate volume. The show character of apparatus and system are composed of three part of machine body structure, sensor measurement and electronic control data processing system and accessory equipment. Its key steps includes: (a) putting the aggregate into the oven drying until constant weight, weigh the certain qualitative sample, record the quality; (b) putting the aggregate into the vacuum suction device, add dense alcohol, vacuumize to saturation; (c) with the steadied stirring under the sirocco, the saturation aggregate in the saturation face dry equipment, based on the alcohol dense sensor to judge the saturation face dry state, weigh and record the saturation face dry quality; (d) inject a dosing dense alcohol which is known density, measure the alcohol liquid level position, record the liquid level height data;(e) compute aggregate apparent relative density, bulk volume relative density and water absorption based on the above data; (f) according to the relation between the dense alcohol density and the water density, do the conversion between relative density and water (liquid)absorption, again according to the test temperature, do the temperature correction of the relative density and water absorption. The invention achieves the full automation of measuring the thick, thin aggregate apparent relative density, bulk volume relative density and water absorption; unifies the original measure method of thick, thin two different size aggregate. Effectively eliminates the subjectivity of manual testing method, renders the test better accuracy and repeatability; greatly reduces the time of test and manual intervention.


Since the first massive planet in a short period orbit was discovered, the question arised how such an object could have formed. There are basically two formation scenarios: migration due to planet-disk or planet-planet interaction. Which of the two scenarios is more realistic can be found out by observing short-period planets of stars with an age between 10 7 and 10 8 yrs. The second aim of the survey is to find out how many planets originally formed, and how many of these are destroyed in the first Gyrs: Do most young, close-in planets evaporate, or spiral into the host stars? In here we report on the first results of a radial-velocity search program for planets of young stars which we began in 2004. Using HARPS, we currently monitor 85 stars with ages between 10 7 and 10 8 yrs. We show that the detection of planets of young stars is possible. Up to now, we have identified 3 planet-candidates. Taking this result together with the results of other surveys, we conclude that the frequency of massive-short period planets of young stars is not dramatically higher than that of old stars. 1. The idea for the survey In the last 11 years, about 200 extrasolar planets have been detected indirectly by means of precise radial velocity (RV) surveys. The detection of now 16 transiting planets, as well as astrometric observations of ǫ Eri and the detection of the thermal emission of µ Andromeda b with the Spitzer satellite demonstrates that the vast majority of the objects found by RV-surveys are in fact planets (Charbonneau et al. The orbits of the extrasolar planets are surprisingly different from those in our solar system, as most of the long-period planets have rather eccentric orbits, and as there are planets with very short orbital periods (so called " hot Jupiters " , or " Pegasides " after the first such object found.). Up to now 49 extrasolar planets have been found which have a semi-major axis of ≤ 0.1 AU (orbital periods ≤ 10 days). When corrected for selection effects, the true frequency of hot Jupiters orbiting old stars is few % (Lineweaver & Grether, (2003)). The discovery of hot Jupiters was very surprising, and their formation still poses a mystery. In the standard model massive planets form via core accretion: In the first step a solid core of about 5 to 10 M …


Mimicry is generally associated with a feeling of similarity that often results in a positive perception of the mimicker. We hypothesized that participants would become less reluctant to respond to highly intimate questions when these questions were administered by a mimicking interviewer. A female confederate approached female students for their participation in a survey on sexual behavior in which the questions became increasingly intimate. During the survey, confederates mimicked or did not mimic the participants. It was found that participants in the mimicry condition responded to more questions than did nonparticipants.


A setup for detection of a fifth-order nonlinear Raman process based on incoherent laser light is developed, enabling the introduction of two independent delay times. Depending on phase matching conditions, interference of nonlinear processes of third- and fifth-order or a dominance of one of these processes can be obtained. Possibilities to distinguish between them are discussed and signals of fifth-order Raman-type processes are identified. Regarding the chosen time variable the delay curves are symmetric. Because the correlation time of the incoherent radiation is in the order of magnitude of the fast dephasing time in the liquids, a necessary deconvolution procedure is developed and applied to extract molecular data. A fast dephasing time obtained for nitrobenzene agrees with published data. In mixtures of nitrobenzene with trifluoroethanol the dephasing time decreases, additional excitation of an intramolecular vibration causes an increased effective dephasing times. Both effects could be simulated b...


Currently, the most useful clinical laboratory aid in establishing the carrier state of Duchenne muscular dystrophy is to determine creatine kinase (EC 18.104.22.168) activity in the plasma. The considerable overlap between plasma creatine kinase activities of controls and of carriers at the childbearing age contributes appreciable difficulty to genetic counseling of potential carriers. The consistent failure of lymphocyte cap formation in Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients and carriers in this study suggests a valuable tool for the confirmation of the carrier state.


OBJECTIVE
To study whether the porcine endothelial cells (PECs) lines transfected by HLA-G1 can alter the lysis mediated by human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) and natural killer cell 92 (NK-92).

METHODS
By use of liposomes pack, the pcDNA3. 0 eukaryotic expression vector carrying HLA-G1 was transfected into PECs. Using indirect immunofluorescence and RT-PCR assays, the HLA-G1 expression in PECs was detected. The alteration of the lysis mediated by PBMC and NK-92 was detected by 51Cr-release assays.

RESULTS
HLA-G1 expression could be detected in PECs after transfection of HLA-G1 at the levels of protein and RNA. It also could be found that the survival rate of transfected PECs was much higher than that of non-transfected PECs, when both of them faced the lysis mediated by human PBMC and NK-92. After transfecting the expression of HLA-G1 could be found in the transfected PECs and the lysis mediated by PBMC and NK-92 to PECs decreased obviously (P<0.05).

CONCLUSION
The PECs transfected by HLA-G1 can decrease the NK lysis, so that it may provide us a new thought to inhibit the xeno-cell-rejection.


Abstract : During winter months many houses constructed with flat or low-pitched roofs have exhibited upward bowing deflections of 5/8 to 3/4 inch at midspan causing a separation between ceiling and partitions. Where the problems exist, a definite moisture gradient across the depth of the roof joist has been measured in the field. Wood has a very low shrinkage coefficient in the longitudinal direction which is essentially parallel to the axis of the lumber. Its magnitude is far too low to account for the bowing deflections recorded in actual houses. However, shrinkage values in the radial or tangential direction are 50 to 80 times greater than the longitudinal. Any significant slope of grain produces shrinkage components from the tangential and radial direction relative to the axis of the member. Twenty-six specimens of three different species were cut with varying slopes of grain. A moisture gradient was created across the depth of the specimen and bowing deflections were observed. Relationships between bowing deflection and grain angle were established. The magnitudes of observed deflections agreed with those measured in the field. (Author)


The best method for dewatering of activated sludges with a nonuniform electric field was investigated using a cylindrical cell with improved electrodes. The experiment was carried out in a D.C. electric field with a buffered solution of 0.03 mol·l-1 Na2B4O7·10H2O to keep the pH of activated sludge about 9.0. The results showed that the buffer action was very effective for dewatering of an activated sludge, and that the stainless steel cylindrical cell with improved electrodes produced the profile of strong electric field in a cell. It was comfirmed that when the water separated from the sludge in a cell pumped out at 16 ml·min-1 with microtube-pump by the amount of about 50 wt% water in a sludge from 2 hours after the start of the turning on electricity, with 30 volt of external field almost all sludge particles were coagulated around the outside of the anode and the water contents in a dewatered activated sludge could be reduced up to about 60%, and further the amount of electricity was reduced.


Objective To explore clinical effect of SSRIS(5- serotonin reuptake inhibitors) drugs in the treatment and the safety of drug use.Methods 150 cases patients with depression in our hospital were selected as the research subjects,all patients used SSRIS drugs,accoring to differencet methods of treament,patients were dvided into citalopram group,paroxitine group,fluoxetine group,who were treated with SSRIS drug continuous treatment for 12 weeks.patients condition in three groups were observed.Results At the end of the treatment of 12 weeks,use different types of SSRIS drugs.paroxetine group showed the improvement of the depressive symptoms obviously better than that of fluoxetine group(P0.05);at the end of the treatment of 4 weeks,citalopram group and paroxetine group compared with fluoxetine group on improving work adapt to the situation and the social function in patients with more pronounced(P0.05);and the three group of patients in the course of treatment did not happen serious adverse events,three groups of adverse reaction were no significant difference(P0.05).Conclusion SSRIS drugs for clinical symptom in patients with depression can quickly control,safety and reliable,the need for rapid control of the disease in patients with depression can be SSRIS drugs as the preferred.


This paper deals with the problem of admissibility analysis (i.e. regularity, causality and exponential stability) of discrete-time linear descriptor systems with uncertain time-varying parameters. The parameters enter affinely into the state matrix of the system state-space model, and their admissible values and variations are assumed to belong to given intervals. First, necessary and sufficient admissibility conditions for uncertainty-free discrete linear time-varying descriptor systems are presented. Next, strict LMI conditions based on parameter-dependent Lyapunov functions are proposed to ensure robust admissibility of uncertain descriptor systems. Both the cases of Lyapunov functions with affine and quadratic dependence on the system uncertain parameters are considered. The robust admissibility analysis methods incorporate information on available bounds on both the admissible values and variation of the uncertain parameters. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the potentials of the proposed methods.


The argument here was originally presented at the conference, NAFTA: Free Trade Among Nations, at Michigan State University, November 1994. The author gratefully acknowledges the contribution to this effort of the Samora Institute's editorial staff along with the commentary of Rosemary Aponte, David Arsen, Steve Gold, Cory Krupp, Karen Roberts, and, especially, Peter Dorman, on earlier drafts. However, the usual disclaimers fully apply.


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In this article the necessity of the anthropological knowledge of the educational ones was approached in function of the labor formation of the students. He/she took in consideration the main concepts contributed by this science so the social significance of the work is understood and of the human thing. From the theoretical point of view he/she took in consideration that the labor formation should transcend the social transformations by means of the work, toward the transformations that happen in the man's own personality, revealed in its labor qualities and of the paper of the agents of the social context (school, family, community) in this process. The objective was summed up in carrying out a theoretical analysis of the paper of the Anthropology in the education. For the obtaining of information such theoretical methods were used as analysis-synthesis, induction-deduction and the historical one logical; the surveys, the interviews and the observation like road were used for the empiric sum


Aiming at the situations that there are huge data in the purchase,storage,distribution which need to be reasonable stored,analyzed,inquired in the large chain supermarket.With data mining method,the correlated knowledge of data mining technique and the usage in the supermarket management in theory are introduced.Taking the supermarket distribution management for example,the process of data mining's distribution、designation and application described in detail.Distributed.The present situation of data mining's application in our country is analyzed.Its result will have theoretical guidance to the practical application of data mining.It will have application prospect when it is combined with eqecific arithmetic.


The last fifteen years have seen a fundamental shift in the importance of knowledge translation in health research and clinical care. Health research funders have incorporated knowledge translation into their missions, strategic directions, and funding opportunities, encouraging knowledge translation and implementation science and requiring knowledge translation practice from researchers working across the health research pillars – basic, clinical, health services, and population health. Healthcare and research organizations have changed their landscape as well, hiring knowledge translation practitioners to bridge research and practice for a range of knowledge users. Universities are shifting criteria for academic promotion to incorporate knowledge translation. Growing attention to knowledge translation in research, practice, and scholarship has created a need for researchers and practitioners to develop knowledge translation skills and competencies related to their research, scholarship, and organizational activities. The Knowledge Translation Planning Template was developed to support knowledge translation planning for scientists in health and other sectors. This article provides an overview of the rationale for its development, introduces the tool components, and describes preliminary indicators of impact.


As weight status is frequently associated with health and the COVID-19 pandemic has raised attention to weight status, we used a cross-sectional mixed-methods design to explore how weight status or body size is described when defining health. We recruited 288 participants who were 18 years and older and living in the United States to complete a study about health and health behaviors during the pandemic. First, we used directed content analysis to explore if and how weight status/body size is described when asked to define health. Next, we used intensity sampling and a constant comparison approach to assess whether descriptions of health differed by diagnosis of a chronic disease, sex, and weight bias internalization. Seventy percent (n = 202) of participants described an aspect of weight, body size, or shape when defining health, the majority of which (65%) indicated someone could be unhealthy due to their weight or size. Only 29% (n = 84) of participants implied or directly stated a person could be healthy regardless of weight or size. There 4 were no significant differences in the description of health by chronic disease status or weight bias internalization. Women included health behaviors more frequently than men. Our findings indicate that weight was inextricably linked with health among most adults in the United States. To promote health and reduce the damaging effects of weight stigma, it is imperative that preventive interventions and policies include weight-inclusive messages that underscore the importance of the multiple indicators of health, beyond weight and size.


This paper presents an instantaneous adaptive bit-assignment (IABA) algorithm for lossless compression of multichannel electroencephalograms (EEGs). This algorithm features random data access, real-time decoding, and approximately 50% storage reduction.


Flacherie is one of the diseases in silkworm caused by different bacteria and viruses. Flacherie diseased silkworm larvae were collected from different sericultural areas of Karnataka during different seasons and the pathogens were isolated. The data revealed that prevalence of flacherie was high in summer (5.0 – 20.0%) followed by rainy (2.5 – 15.0%) and winter (0.0 – 7.5%) seasons. It was also observed that the flacherie larvae were infected individually with bacteria (7.5 – 20.0%) or viruses (0.0 – 17.5%) and combined infections of both (5.0 – 32.5%). Streptococcus faecalis Andrewes and Horder, Staphylococcus aureus Rosenbach, Serratia marcescens Bizio and Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner were found pathogenic to silkworm. BmIFV and BmDNV1 were detected in the midgut larval samples and BmNPV was noticed in very few haemolymph samples. LC50 value was calculated for the pathogenic bacteria viz., S. faecalis, S. aureus and S. marcescens under three different environmental conditions (E1, E2 and E3) and the LC50 value against these bacteria was 5.5 × 107, 3.3 × 108 and 6.1 × 108 cells/ml, respectively at E3. LC50 could not be made for the above bacteria at E1 and E2 environment as there was less than 50% mortality even in high concentration. In the case of B. thuringiensis, the mortality was due to toxicity and the LC50 value was 3.2 × 106, 2.8 × 106 and 2.4 × 106 cells/ml at E1, E2 and E3, respectively. LC50 was also calculated against all the viruses (BmIFV, BmDNV1 and BmNPV) and it was 10-4.8 dilutions, 10-2.9 dilutions and 2.0 × 105 polyhedra/ml (E1), 10-4.9 dilutions, 10-3.1 dilutions and 1.1 × 105 polyhedra/ml (E2) and 10-5.1 dilutions, 10-3.6 dilutions and 5.0 × 104 polyhedra/ml (E3), respectively.


The present invention relates to a polyisocyanate mixture i) having an NCO CONTENT 5 to 35% by weight and prepared from a diisocyanate ORGANIC II) containing at least 1% by weight of isocyanate groups (calculated as N {SUB, 3}, C {SUB, 3}, or {SUB, 3} MW126), III) containing allophanate groups in an amount such that more EQUIVALENT GROUP allophanate GROUP URETHANE AND IV) fluorine-containing ( calculated as F, AW 19) in an amount of 0.001 to 50% AND WHERE THE ABOVE pERCENTAGES BASED ON CONTENT solids polyisocyanate mixture, excluding any dIISOCYANATE, AND WHERE THE FLUOR JOINS by reacting an isocyanate group with COMPOUND containing two or more carbon atoms, one or more hydroxyl and one or more fluorines groups to form urethanes and CONVERT A sufficient amount of these groups urethanes allophanate groups TO MEET CONDITIONS III) where the polyisocyanate mixture contain sufficient GROUPS TO ENSURE THAT allophanate polyisocyanate mixture remains stable and homogeneous in storage for 3 months at 25 (degree) C. The present invention is also directed to a process for the production of this polyisocyanate mixture and its use, optionally in form LOCKED, as a component in coating compositions of one or two components.