Background Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly malignant lung cancer with a very poor prognosis. Clinical treatment options for SCLC are still limited, especially for patients who have failed first or second line therapy. Anlotinib is a potentially beneficial new treatment option for SCLC. The aim of this meta-analysis is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of anlotinib-containing regimen for the treatment of SCLC. Methods We will search SinoMed, Wanfang Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Embase, Cochrane Library, and PubMed for relevant articles that may meet the criteria published before March 31, 2021. We will perform a meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of anlotinib-containing regimen for the treatment of SCLC. Clinical randomized controlled trials comparing anlotinib-containing regimens with other treatment regimens for advanced SCLC will be included in this study. The risk of bias will be evaluated for each included study using the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. We will use RevMan 5.3 software for statistical analysis of the data. Results The results of this study will provide evidence of anlotinib-containing regimens for advanced SCLC, and provide clinicians and patients with another convenient and effective treatment regimen for SCLC. This meta-analysis will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal for publication. Conclusion This meta-analysis will provide clinical evidence of anlotinib-containing regimens for advanced SCLC, which may or may not be found for anlotinib use. Systematic review registration INPLASY202110034.


The naissance course of historical materialism is the foundation course of historical epistemology.The viewpoint of practice is basic viewpoint of Marxist epistemology.The foundation of scientific Marxist viewpoint of practice has solved the problems of historical epistemology.Historical epistemology of practice was in answers to challenge of present-day occidental philosophy and it was the advancement of research on historical materialism.


An anhydrous white kaolin clay pigment is disclosed, which consists of porous aggregates of kaolin clay platelets. The pigment exhibits exceptionally highlight scattering ability when incorporated as a filler in paper. The aggregates have an average specific gravity in the range of 0.5 to 0.6, and a size distribution such that not more than 5% by weight thereof are of greater than 10 microns ESD, at least 75% are of less than 2 microns ESD, and not more than 15% are of less than 1 micron ESD. The pigment has a Valley abrasion value below 30 mg, and preferably below 20 mg, and a GE bright ness of at least 93. The mean size of the internal pores in the aggregates is less than 0.55 microns and preferably is less than 0.5 microns. This low mean pore size is deemed instrumental in producing the aforementioned high scattering ability. A method for producing the said pigment is also disclosed and claimed.


Summary Jaundice, due to excessive uncon-jugated bilirubin is observed in approxi-mately 60% of term infants during thefirst week of life and in approximately80% of preterm infants. In a previous arti-cle, Pretorius and coworkers in 2002 hy-pothesised and presented empiricalevidence that infants who suffered fromhigh levels of bilirubin appear to recoverfully, but present with learning difficultieslater when exposed to an educational en-vironment. In the current article, we in-vestigate the hypothesis further bypresenting results from an empiricalstudy where neurological integration, as itrelates to learning, was assessed amongparticipants who presented with excessbilirubin levels at birth. The Quick Neuro-logical Screening Test - Revised Edition(QNST) (Mutti et al., 1978), consisting of aseries of 15 observed tasks that help iden-tify children and adults with learning dif-ficulties, was used. Results derived fromthis study suggest that neurological inte-gration, as it relates to learning, is im-paired. Furthermore, extremely shortattention span, distractibility, andimpulsivity were observed. The resultsobtained in the previous study suggestedinadequate non-verbal concept formation,including perceptual organisation, spatialvisualisation and orientation. Concentra-tion and visual-motor integration werealso found to be impaired. These findingsare also in keeping with results derivedfrom the present study. In order to assistthe teacher as well as educational special-ists who are confronted with this type ofdevelopmental disability, a list of recom-mendations is presented.


The Wei-Jin metaphysics is a symbol of collective wisdom marking the clashes,exchanges,and syncretism of the Confucianism,Taoism,and Buddhism at a special historical time through dialogues.This resembles the modern educational reforms in terms of form and curricular substances.So it is meaningful to further study the implicatures of the pedagogical dialogues,for the sake of improving and guiding the teaching dialogues today.


The realization of the economic value of human capital is an imporatan subject in the study on enterprise,while a thorough and proper realization of the various characteristics is the premises of the discussion of the realization of its economic value.The paper first explains the characteristics of human capital and then with this as a basis,the paper explains the way of realizing the economic value of human capital and analyses the requirement relevant to the arrangement of enterprise system.


We study Picard groups and $K_0$ groups for the cluster algebras that come from the cluster categories of \cite{HernandezLeclerc}. This is inspired by a study of boundaries and defects in the associated spin chains. We also do some discussion for their formal deformation quantizations.


This paper describes a variable structure control for a class of uncertain fractional-order systems with state-delay. A sliding surface based on a fractional integration is proposed. Then a robust control law is derived to ensure the existence of sliding mode and to overcome the uncertainty of the closed loop system. A condition on the uncertainties to ensure the finite time stability of the system on sliding mode is derived.


This primer will examine both how Traffic Incident Management (TIM) can be integrated into an Integrated Corridor Management (ICM) approach, as well as the many benefits resulting from ICM that can contribute to the advancement of TIM programs. It will explore opportunities to effectively integrate TIM strategies institutionally, operationally, and technically, both by leveraging existing platforms and considering new options for coordination between traditional ICM and TIM stakeholders. Lastly, although integrating TIM stakeholders into ICM processes holds great promise for more efficient and safer transportation operations, it is not without challenges. This document will explore what these challenges are and how they can be overcome.


The objective of this research was to understand the effect of job design
and quality of work life (QWL) on employees job performance. It was a quantitative
research in Centre of Education and Training of Customs.
This research used a survey method with path analysis applied in testing
hyphotesis. It was conducted to 49 employees as the respondents which were
selected in a simple random way.
The result of this study are (1) There is a positive direct effect of job design
on job performance; (2) There is a positive direct effect of quality of work life (QWL)
on job performance; (3) There is a positive direct effect of job design on quality of
work life (QWL).


Objective To evaluate the clinica1 efficacy and toxicity of docetaxo1 plus5Fu and cisplatin in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer.Methods Fifty-eight patients with advanced gastric cancer were randomly divided into 2groups.One group received docetaxol,5-Fu and cisplatin(DCF regimen,trial group),the other received epirubicin,5-Fu and cisplatin(ECF regimen,control group).Both regimens were repeated every 3 weeks.Results The tota1 response rate(CR + PR) was 36.6%(11 /30) in the trial group,and 28.5%(8 /28) in the control group.There was no significant difference between 2 groups(P 0.05).The main toxicity had no significant difference between 2 groups.Conclusion Docetaxol plus 5Fu and cisplatin were effective in treating advanced gastric cancer,the toxicity is mild and tolerable for most patients.


The study of gastritis has received an added impetus with the introduction of the flexible gastroscope of Schindler. Doubt exists in the minds of many physicians as to what constitutes gastritis pathologically. Likewise the criteria for the gastroscopic diagnosis of this condition have been questioned. While clinical diagnosis of gastritis is possible, it is admittedly uncertain. It seems to us that the study of patients with a gastroscopic diagnosis of gastritis offers a logical basis of departure for the investigation of this condition. Like Benedict, 1 Borland, 2 Carey, 3 Schloss 4 and others, we have accepted for purposes of discussion Schindler and Ortmayer's 5 classification of chronic gastritis into the superficial, hypertrophic and atrophic types. The adoption of a uniform nomenclature should aid in the standardization of diagnostic criteria. The purpose of this investigation is to study the gastric function as judged by fractional gastric analysis and to record


Recombinant human nerve growth factor (rhNGF) secreted by insect cells was purified by ion‐exchange and reversed‐phase chromatography to near homogeneity. The Nterminus of the secreted molecule was analogous to that of mouse salivary gland NGF. In its native conformation, the insect cell produced rhNGF molecules were homodimers consisting of 120 amino acid polypeptide chains. Mature rhNGF was found not to be significantly glycosylated (<0.08 mol of N‐acetylglucosamine/mol of protein). The rhNGF was homogeneous with regard to molecular weight and amino acid sequence. Isoelectric focusing resolved the rhNGF into one major and one minor component. Because rhNGF frominsect cells can be obtained in large quantities, purified to near homogeneity, and is similar to natural NGF with regard to physicochemical properties and biological activity, it is suitable for further evaluation in animal models as a therapeutic molecule for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease.


This paper deals with nonlinear programming problems which depend on values of a random vector ξ. Problems without constraints and with equality constraints are handled. The treatment based on the formulation of the corresponding deterministic problems, in which the objective function and the constraint functions are the mathematical expectations of the corresponding functions. It is supposed that solutions of the deterministic problems and the second order moments of certain functions of ξ exist. Differentiability of the functions is proposed. Lower bounds for the probability that the deterministic minimization problem has a solution x ∗(ξ) and that ‖x ∗(ξ) –x ∗‖ < ∊ are given. For the case of unrestricted problems it is shown that these boundaries are sharp.


Sterically protected 1,2-di(2-thienyl)- and 1,2-di(3-thienyl)-3,4-bis](2,4,6-tri-t-butylphenyl)phosphinidene]cyclo-butenes were prepared and their properties were studied. When the dithienyldiphosphinidenecyclobutenes were allowed to react with butyllithium and then with iodomethane, the corresponding methylthienyl derivatives were obtained. The structure of (E,E)-1,2-bis(5-methyl-3-thienyl-3,4-bis](2,4,6-tri-t-butylphenyl)phosphinidene]cyclobutene was analyzed by X-ray crystallography. Lithiation of the dithienyldiphosphinidenecyclobutenes, followed by treatment with CuCl 2 , afforded the corresponding coupling products on the thiophene rings.


As the current trend of convergence of the law,the improvement and development of law needs absorbing other system is an undisputed fact.It is necessary for China at the rule of law to refer the legal system and the legal theory of other countries.German Law for its mature legal theory and doctrine,have had an important impact on the development of the world law and legal system.China is also far-reaching influenced.The monograph "jurisprudence" by contemporary German famous jurist Professor Bernd Ruthers,with discipline style,a new perspective and rich informative,can help China's student who study the law to form the thought of lawyer.While the theoretical research on the China Law,as well as legal education can also get a reference from the monograph.


Fluorescence properties of organic dye fluorescein with concentration of 10~-4 M were studied in leadtinfluorophosphate (LTF) glass and TiO_2containing organically modified silicate(ORMOSIL) matrices synthesized by meltingquenching technique and solgel method, respectively. Comparison to spectra of dye doped alcohol solvents, both absorption and fluorescence spectra are red shifted in the LTF glass and TiO_2containing ORMOSIL matrices. Optical nonlinear refractive index were measured by Z-scan technique using picosecond frequencydoubled Nd∶YAG laser pulses.


he foci of this issue, deviance and subculture, are notoriously slippery subjects, and in the course of putting together the issue the coordinating editors had many occasions to discuss just what constitutes "deviance." Hence the idea of inviting a panel of experts to discuss how they define deviance and normalcy and think about the role of media representations of deviance in defining what is considered deviant—and the changes in this definition over time—in their fields (criminology, sociology of law, and media studies). The discussion took place in "real time" in an on-line chat; we hope the on-line chat structure has captured a conversational tone sometimes lost in academic interviews.


Abstract. Multispectral cameras, in the past the prerogative of Remote Sensing (RS) applications via satellites and manned aircraft, are becoming increasingly used in photogrammetric applications. Moreover, the ubiquitous use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) has created a need for the miniaturisation of sensors, which has contributed to the availability of a wide range of relatively low-cost and lightweight cameras. Therefore, small multispectral cameras mounted on UAVs provide an effective and low-cost solution when it comes to acquiring airborne radiometric data. With the growing interest for such sensors to perform photogrammetric tasks, camera calibration remains an essential step in order to obtain reliable and geometrically accurate information. This paper will investigate the camera calibration parameters between the five bands of the MicaSense RedEdge-M sensor from laboratory trials. The results of the camera calibration will be obtained from the use, primarily, of Australis software and a calibration frame within the Nottingham Geospatial Institute. The variations of the parameters demonstrate the need for distortion correction separately within each band before using the images for photogrammetry.


The relationships between microbial complexes and the soil type, vegetation, regime of management, weather conditions, and major agrochemical characteristics of soils have been established. The interaction of the parameters mentioned leads to different responses of microbial populations to each individual factor. In forests, the major microbiological characteristics are dependent on the type of soil. In plowed fields, the differences between soils become mitigated, and the field management regime is of greater importance.


The adsorption behaviors and electronic properties of Sn on the CeO2(111) surface were systematically investigated using the density functional theory (DFT) method. Our results suggested that Sn on the hollow site is more stable than that on the top oxygen site at the coverage of 0.25 ML, while Sn on the top oxygen site is the most stable configuration when the coverage of Sn is equal to or higher than 0.5 ML. Charge density difference (CDD) analysis indicates that electrons transfer from the Sn adatom to the substrate, leading to the reduction of Ce4+ to Ce3+ ion, which is in agreement with the experimental spectroscopy. The reduction degree of the substrate increases with the Sn coverage, which is well supported by the CDD and spin-resolved density of states (DOS) of the most stable xSn/CeO2(111) configurations. The adsorption of Sn can partially activate the surface oxygen of ceria. The tentative study of a probe molecule CO adsorption on the Sn/CeO2(111) surface indicates that CO adsorption is enhance...


The in vivo and in vitro cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses of a family of nine members, three of which are affected with `Candida endocrinopathy syndrome' (CES), have been investigated. No abnormal CMI responses were detected in any of the non-affected members.

The three patients were found to have low numbers of T-cell rosettes. Patient number 1 demonstrated inconsistent in vitro lymphocyte response to Candida extract (CE), with absent migration inhibition factor (MIF) release despite the positive skin reactivity to CE. The patient's serum was found to block the CE-induced response of control lymphocytes. Patient number 2 showed absent delayed cutaneous reactivity to CE associated with absent in vitro lymphocyte response, as well as absence of MIF release in response to this antigen. His serum contained inhibitory activity for the Candida-induced response of control lymphocytes. Patient number 3 demonstrated similar defects to patient number 1, but the serum blocking factor was not found.

Our finding that all affected individuals demonstrated a variety of defects in their CMI responses to CE suggests variable phenotypic expressivity in the presence of the gene responsible for the inheritance of CES. Administration of transfer factor in two of the affected individuals resulted in an increase of T-cell rosettes in both patients, conversion of skin reactivity to CE in one of them, and augmentation of skin reactivity to this antigen followed by partial clinical improvement in the other.


We report the nursing care of the first newborn patient in Peru who used central veno-arterial (VA) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) - plus left atrial decompression cannula (VENT). We standardized specialized nursing care by identifying 15 diagnoses according to taxonomy II nursing diagnoses (NANDA) and 3 that could be incorporated into it for newborn care in ECMO.


Occurrence of dyke rocks of carbonatites in charnockites and granite gneisses near Kudangulam village situated 20 km NE of Cape Comorin, Tamil Nadu is reported. Petrography and Chemical composition of these rocks reveal that coarse grained curbonatites were formed under subvolcanic miarolitic crystallization from a degassed carbonatitic melt.


China is the world's second largest retail market and is expected to surpass the United States in 2020. This makes China a must-win market for global and local firms. However, manufacturers often find it hard to reach Chinese consumers due to China's institutional and infrastructure weaknesses. The advent of online third-party marketplaces provides manufacturers with a new model to tackle these challenges. The question remains, however, whether and to what extent joining online third-party marketplaces in China can generate market value. Using an event study methodology, the authors assess the net impact of online marketplace adoption in China on manufacturers' expected profitability. Although the abnormal returns are, on average, significant and positive, stock markets recognize that not all manufacturers can reap benefits. To delve deeper into this variation, the authors relate the abnormal returns to various sources of manufacturers' market knowledge and marketing capabilities. They find that less diversified manufacturers with marketplace experience are expected to achieve greater gains, irrespective of their origin. However, the effects of marketing strengths diverge for foreign and local firms.


According to the prevailing belief, the spin of the electron or of some other particle is a mysterious internal angular momentum for which no concrete physical picture is available, and for which there is no classical analog. However, on the basis of an old calculation by Belinfante [Physica 6, 887 (1939)], it can be shown that the spin may be regarded as an angular momentum generated by a circulating flow of energy in the wave field of the electron. Likewise, the magnetic moment may be regarded as generated by a circulating flow of charge in the wave field. This provides an intuitively appealing picture and establishes that neither the spin nor the magnetic moment are ''internal''—they are not associated with the internal structure of the electron, but rather with the structure of its wave field. Furthermore, a comparison between calculations of angular momentum in the Dirac and electromagnetic fields shows that the spin of the electron is entirely analogous to the angular momentum carried by a classical...


Recent studies suggest some nineteenth-century editors had an elite professional identity, while others progressed further, actively attempting to professionalize with codes of ethics and university education. Michigan Press Association proceedings were examined from the nineteenth century to better understand concepts of journalistic personal identity. Findings show the Michigan Press Association, while existing in a remote section of the United States at the time, was sophisticated in its operation and aims and valued being seen as professionals in the mold of doctors, lawyers, and clergy. This reveals nineteenth-century journalism professional interest was more widespread than has been previously realized.


Taking Beijing as an example, the contribution made by waste pickers by picking recyclable production was expounded. The contribution of waste pickers on environment and land resources were studied and evaluated. Their economic value in 2007 was estimated so as to provide reference for the formulation of relevant policies.


Pain is a physiological process. As many as 12% - 67% of women are worried about the pain that will be experienced during childbirth. One of the efforts to reduce pain is massage. is a condition in the form of a very pleasant unpleasant feeling, because the feeling of pain is different for each person in terms of scale or level. One technique to reduce pain is back massage. The theory shows that back massage is effective intermittently during labor. But at that time back massage was not done because they did not know that back massage could reduce pain. This study uses a systematic review method with the aim of seeing an effective method in overcoming labor pain. This systematic review examines articles and journals via the Google Scoolar site from 7 journals. Based on this system review, it can be guaranteed that back massage can reduce the intensity of pain in labor.


Enterovirus 71 (EV71), one of the major causative agents for hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD), is sometimes associated with severe central nervous system diseases. In 1997, in Malaysia and Japan, and in 1998 in Taiwan, there were HFMD epidemics involving sudden deaths among young children, and EV71 was isolated from the HFMD patients, including the fatal cases. The nucleotide sequences of each EV71 isolate were determined and compared by phylogenetical analysis. EV71 strains from previously reported epidemics belonged to genotype A-1, while those from recent epidemics could be divided into two genotypes, A-2 and B. In Malaysia, genotype A-2 was more prevalent, while in Japan and Taiwan, B genotype was more prevalent. Two isolates from fatal cases in Malaysia and one isolate from a fatal case in Japan were genotype A-2. However, all isolates from three fatal cases in Taiwan belonged to genotype B. The severity of the HFMD did not link directly to certain genotypes of EV71.


Abstract : In the course of this study, the eruptive diseases were compared and sheep pox in particular, with cancer - not from the point of view of sporozoa but from the point of view of anatomical lesions. One will remain more nearly to the reality of the facts in ascertaining simply that the still unknown viruses of these diseases have an action of predilection on the epithelial tissues and determine, in one way or another, the production of epithelial tumors.


We read with interest the paper by Keriakos et al. (2011), which reviewed current guidance on pregnancy-related pelvic girdle pain. We would like to expand on several points contained within this article. Contrary to the published abstract, pelvic girdle pain is not a term specifi c to pregnancy. Th e internationally recognised nomenclature is ' pregnancy-related pelvic girdle pain ' (Vleeming et al. 2008), which is oft en abbreviated to PGP. Similarly, relaxin is no longer thought to cause PGP in most women; more recent evidence has found pelvic joint asymmetry to be a strong predictive indicator of PGP (ACPWH 2011). In clinical practice, core stability exercises are not a ' one size fi ts all ' treatment for PGP – they should only be given to women with an identifi ed motor control dysfunction. An experienced obstetric physiotherapist is well placed to make this assessment. Treatment must be individualised, and may rely on manual therapy to treat the underlying musculoskeletal dysfunction (ACPWH 2011). TENS may be a useful adjunct for a few women; national guidance should be utilised (ACPWH 2007). Postnatally, hands-on physiotherapy is essential and utilises similar techniques to those performed antenatally. Contrary to this paper, we know of no current evidence to demonstrate that forced abduction of the hips during labour causes PGP, although it has been linked to diastasis symphysis pubis (DSP) (ACPWH 2011). It is imperative to current obstetric practice to note that although care must be taken to avoid abduction of the hips beyond the pain-free range in symptomatic women with PGP, this may be obstetrically indicated, e.g. shoulder dystocia. It should be recognised that the health of the infant may be a higher priority than maternal musculoskeletal conditions in an emergency situation. A little further information is required to accurately perform the tests described in this paper – although the symphysis pubis may be tender to palpate, this should only be considered as a positive test for PGP if pain lasts more than 5 s aft er removal of the examiner ' s fi ngers (Vleeming et al. 2008). On its own, DSP may not require medical intervention as it has no correlation to pain (Bj ö rklund et al. 1999). Th is is diagnosed postnatally by standing in the ' fl amingo ' position for an X-ray (demonstrates instability in a superior/inferior direction, which may benefi t from surgical fusion). We hope that this information is benefi cial to clinicians working with women with PGP.


This acticle is concerns with the P-Laplacian equations with critical weight and p=n in the RN area:-div(|u|N-2u)-μ|u|N-2u|x|NlnNR/|x|=λg(x,u),x∈Ω;u=0,x∈Ω we prove the existence of a nontrivial solution of above problem by using Mountain Pass Lemma without(PS) condition.


The Digital transformation in higher - education is an inevitable requirement and is in accordance with the general development trend of the times. Currently, universities in Asia have achieved certain results in the digital transformation. Meanwhile, Thanh Hoa University of Culture, Sports and Tourism is just at the beginning stage, the Digital transformation is still not synchronized, so it is meaningful and necessary to expand the knowledge from the experiences of other universities. In this article, the author will present some experiences of Digital transformation in some Asian countries and its practice at Thanh Hoa University of Culture, Sports and Tourism, thereby proposing solutions for the University to support the digital transformation process with high efficiency.


In order to study the reliability of protection system under condition-based maintenance,the condition assessment of protection system was introduced,and a Markov probability model was established.The state space method was used to calculated the states probabilities and reliability.Compared with routine maintenance,the influence of condition-based maintenance on unavailability of relay and the optimum routine test interval was analyzed.The influence of assessment rate and assessment interval on unavailability of relay was analyzed.The research results show that condition-based maintenance can extend maintenance cycle and increase availability of protection system.


The traditional CIC filter has a simple structure, small resources usage, fast speed, but doesn't perform well in the pass band and stop band, limiting its flexibility in the use of Software Defined Radio. This paper presents theory and methods for designing CIC compensating filters, the simulation analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of each method, and suggestions on how to choose compensation filter are given.


The objective of this work is the study and analysis of the fundamental issues that constitute the development of a hand rehabilitation system by making use of mechanisms with systematic methodology for objective and quantitative assessment for patients with motor weakness, such as spinal cord injury (SCI) and post-stroke. The goal of the work is to use these assessment/measurement results efficiently, so that the system can predict the intention to perform certain movement and act on the patient's hand. The clinicalengineering research aspects are discussed and presented, and the objective and quantitative assessment/evaluation methodology (with sEMG, ROM, grip/pinch force and clinical outcome measures) has been proposed for the task-based hand rehabilitation system to improve their functional ability of hand for functional activities of daily living (ADL) and rehabilitation exercises. The initial results for each category are also illustrated in this paper. Finally, the preliminary works and future research are concluded.


Summary Our aim was to test the use of single serum progesterone measurement together with βhCG in the management of women with pregnancy of unknown location. This was a retrospective study of 126 patients presenting with a clinical picture suggestive of ectopic pregnancy, when ultrasound examination was inconclusive. All the patients had serum progesterone level measured by radioimmunoassay in conjunction with βhCG. The study showed that a protocol combining single serum progesterone measurement and βhCG is helpful in managing women with suspected ectopic pregnancies, when the ultrasound examination is inconclusive. High levels of progesterone are reassuring as regards ongoing viable pregnancies and low levels allow a definitive differentiation between viable and non-viable pregnancies. However, low progesterone could not efficiently differentiate between miscarriage and ectopic pregnancy. The use of βhCG levels in conjunction with serum progesterone is helpful, particularly with serum progesterone levels between 16–80 nmol/l.


Patterning organic materials by photolithography enables not only high-resolution, side-by-side RGB OLED arrays, but also the introduction of organic photodetector in the same frontplane. We show patterned active matrix displays processed on flexible backplane. Furthermore, we demonstrate OPD patterning proof-of-concept These are the building blocks allowing in-cell opticalfingerprint sensor.


In August 2005 we published Songs of Denmark, Sange for Danskere Songs to Live By, the culmination of a project which began to take shape three years ago at the 2002 DAHS conference in Omaha, when I met Sisse Brimberg. During that meeting I shared with Sisse my desire to publish a new Danish American songbook with lyrics in both Danish and English, one with beautiful contemporary Danish photographs; a book that would appeal to the next generation. Sisse, a talented National Geographic photographer was enthusiastic and agreed to provide access to her photographic files for the book.


IL‐27 has dual roles in the immune response either stimulating Th1 or inhibiting Th17 cells. Because there is a particular link of IL‐23/Th17 axis in the development of cancer and IL‐27 has been considered a potential treatment for cancer, we evaluated the gastric and serum concentrations of IL‐27 in two mutually exclusive Helicobacter pylori‐associated diseases, gastric cancer (GC) and duodenal ulcer (DU).


Alcohol (EtOH) can enhance aggression in people and animal models. These effects are more salient in males than in females. Androgens, such as testosterone (T), may promote aggressive responding to EtOH. Effects of EtOH on androgens and aggression were examined in a resident-intruder paradigm. Gonadally-intact, or castrated (GDX), male rats were socially-isolated for 3 weeks and administered an acute dose of EtOH (2.0 g/kg) or saline (Experiment 1) or admin- istered a dose-response regimen of EtOH (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 g/kg; Experiment 2). Cortical tissues were assessed for androgen concentrations and/or muscimol binding after receiving saline or EtOH. Compared to saline, acute EtOH ad- ministration in Experiment 1, enhanced aggression among intact rats and concomitantly enhanced formation of the T me- tabolite and neurosteroid, 3 -androstanediol, (3 -diol) in frontal cortex. T was also enhanced in cortex and circulation of intact but not GDX rats. Repeat testing in Experiment 2 revealed dose-dependent effects of EtOH to enhance aggression and cortical 3 -diol among both intact and GDX rats. EC50 for muscimol binding was lower for intact and EtOH- administered rats than for GDX or vehicle-administered rats, indicating that less GABA was needed to achieve half- maximal binding. Together, these data suggest that 3 -diol enhancement may partly underlie EtOH's effects on aggres- sion, possibly via actions at GABAA receptors.


The crux of the Shelby County case is whether the coverage formula for identifying jurisdictions subject to the preclearance conditions of the Voting Rights Act (VRA) is still an appropriate way to identify locations with heightened levels of voting discrimination. This is the kind of question that lends itself to social science research, and a large volume of social science evidence was presented for this case. Justice Ginsberg's dissenting opinion documents the ''sizeable record'' that was created when Congress reauthorized the VRA in 2006. Many social scientists contributed to that record. Furthermore, many briefs presenting social science evidence were submitted to the Supreme Court in the Shelby County case (as in the Northwest Austin case decided in 2009). More generally, there is a large social science literature on minorities and voting rights in the United States. It is impossible to adequately summarize the social science record in a small space, but here are a few of the key findings.


The equation of the Born-Green theory has been rederived by including the triplet potentials. It has been found that the resulting equation can be written in terms of effective pair potential defined as, φ e ( i , j )=φ( i , j )- k T X ( i , j ), where X ( i , j ) represents a sub-set of line irreducible diagrams defined by Casanova et al. (Mol. Phys. 18 (1970) 589). The nonadditive contributions to the third and fourth virial coefficients as obtained from the extended Born-Green theory have been discussed briefly.


Valleriite,a special layered mineral consisting of alternating sulfide layers(S layer)andhydroxide layers(H layer)along the common c axis,could represent the structuralcharacteristics of similar minerals.The supercell structural model of valleriite was firstestablished by Evans et al.. After that,investigations on valleriite in many aspects based


Abstract Laboratory studies contribute significantly to the cost of hospitalization. Arguments for the liberal use of laboratory tests are countered by concern over costs and the need for young phy...


Topics Remaining Before Quiz: • Synthesis of Alkenes by Elimination Reactions (continued) o Exceptions to Zaitsev's Rule o Syn Periplanar elimination • Dehydradtion of Alcohols • Carbocation Rearrangements o Hydride migrations o Alkyl migrations o Rearrangements after deyhydration • Synthesis of Alkenes by Double Elimination Reactions • Index of Hydrogen Deficiency • Addition Reactions of Alkenes o H2 Addition o HX Addition


The NTNU Test Satellite (NUTS) project is a student satellite project at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU). The project is part of the national student satellite program in Norway, managed by the Norwegian Centre for Space related Education, NAROM. The NUTS project aims to design, develop, test, launch and operate a double CubeSat by 2014. Students from different study programs will do the main part of the work, supported by project management and technical staff. The work will be performed as part of the student's projectand master thesis. The design has been chosen to be generic and modular, so the satellite-bus can support different payloads. As a payload for this satellite, an IR-camera will be implemented. Recruitment and education of skillful students constitute a main part of the projects goals. Through hands-on experience, the students will be able to master different skills needed in their jobs after graduation. NTNU is a university offering a wide range of field of technological studies. Accordingly, a strategy to develop all subsystems "in-house" has been chosen. This means that if problems and delays in the project are experienced, this could not be "repaired" by buying missing sub-systems. The internal layout of the satellite electronics is different from most CubeSat projects. A backplane layout where cards for other systems can be slotted in, will be implemented. The system is distributed in hardware, meaning different subsystems, such as the OBC, ADCS and radio subsystem, will have their own MCUs. The main processor will be an Atmel AVR32 UC3. For attitude determination and control, the solar panels will be used as sun sensor and the actuators will be magnetic coils integrated in the main structure of the satellite. This structure will be based on composite material instead of using aluminum, and to our knowledge, be unique to NUTS. The paper gives an overview of the satellite and its subsystem and purpose.


We give examples for q 5 of a simple (2q ? 1)-knot which is not the 2r-fold branched cyclic cover of any knot although its spun knot is.


To enhance the security of watermark,chaos theory is used to encrypt the watermark information,and if the key isn't known,the watermak information could not be attained completely.The adaptive selection of embedded frame based on characteristics of the energy in time-domain is done,the watermark is embedded by SMM(Statistical Mean Modulation) according to its cepstral features after the audio signal is transformed to complex cepstrum domain.Non-perceptibility of the watermark is improved with this approach.In addition,the idea of multiple watermarking is introduced,which could contribute to the copyright protection of digital audio in resistance of multiple watermarking attacks.Experimental results show that this algorithm has a pretty robustness under various synchronous attacks such as random cutting,vibrating attack and so on.


As part of the EU project OrAqua, literature reviews of consumer's issues and welfare aspects related to organic aquaculture have been carried out. The objective of the study is to give scientific input to the regulations for organic aquaculture production. Of welfare issues, most factors are covered; husbandry; water quality; light and photoperiod, stocking density, transport, slaughter and veterinary treatment. This presentation will discuss the relations between current organic regulations from the EU, consumer's perception and scientific knowledge of stocking density in Atlantic salmon, trout, sea bass and sea bream. The stakeholder's opinions and interests, will also be presented here. Feedback from stakeholders were given on the topic stocking density at the first of three stakeholder events of the OrAqua project.


Multiple recent efforts have used large-scale data and computational models to automatically detect misinformation in online news articles. Given the potential impact of misinformation on democracy, many of these efforts have also used the political ideology of these articles to better model misinformation and study political bias in such algorithms. However, almost all such efforts have used source level labels for credibility and political alignment, thereby assigning the same credibility and political alignment label to all articles from the same source (e.g., the New York Times or Breitbart). Here, we report on the impact of journalistic best practices to label individual news articles for their credibility and political alignment. We found that while source level labels are decent proxies for political alignment labeling, they are very poor proxies – almost the same as flipping a coin – for credibility ratings. Next, we study the implications of such source level labeling on downstream processes such as the development of automated misinformation detection algorithms and political fairness audits therein. We find that the automated misinformation detection and fairness algorithms can be suitably revised to support their intended goals but might require different assumptions and methods than those which are appropriate using source level labeling. The results suggest caution in generalizing recent results on misinformation detection and political bias therein. On a positive note, this work shares a new dataset of journalistic quality individually labeled articles and an approach for misinformation detection and fairness audits.


I. Nociceptors A noxious stimulus is high intensity, may damage tissue, and may be life threatening if not terminated. Nociception is any process in the PNS or CNS associated with a noxious stimulus. Pain is the conscious experience associated with noxious stimuli. Since we are not conscious of PNS, spinal cord and much brainstem activity, it is incorrect to refer to nociceptive processing in the cord and brainstem as pain processing. Pain processing refers to the conscious experience of noxious stimulation and this occurs in the cerebral cortex, although an argument can be made for involvement of the thalamus in the conscious experience of noxious stimulation (pain). Nociceptors are cutaneous and visceral receptors that respond to noxious and not innocuous stimuli. Mechanical nociceptors respond to crushing pressure (high threshold) and are surrounded by keratinocytes. Thermal nociceptors appear to be free nerve endings and respond optimally above 45°C or below 15°C.


Background. The presence of Charcot arthropathies, joint dislocations, infections and fractures in a child without evidence of neurological abnormality should give rise to a suspicion of congenital insensitivity to pain (hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy). Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy (HSAN) is a rare syndrome characterized by congenital insensitivity to pain, temperature changes and by autonomic nerve formation disorders. HSAN is classified into five types: sensory radicular neuropathy (HSAN I), congenital sensory neuropathy (HSAN II), familial dysautonomia or Riley Day Syndrome (HSAN III), congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis (HSAN IV) and congenital indifference to pain (HSAN V).
Case presentation. A 13-year old girl first product of a non-consanguineous marriage, presented with malunion of successive fractures or Charcots ankle joint destruction on top of significant lytic changes/osteonecrosis. The patient had sustained many painless injuries resulting in fractures with subsequent disfiguremnt of her ankle joint. Arthropathy of the knees, ankles, tarsal bones and feet without pain associated with obvious changes in the shape of the ankle joint were present. Despite a normal sense of touch in our patient the indifference to pain made her extremely susceptible to breakdown of the skin over the ankle osseous prominences.
Conclusion. Generally speaking, the orthopaedic management of such patients is extremely difficult since these patients do not restrict the movements of the involved extremity as they lack the inhibitory pain reflex. Interestingly, our attempts for surgical stabilisation of the ankle joints were succsessfull and eventually the girl became able to walk. It is important to anticipate patient and parent education in joint protection and surveillance for injury as the most important component of the treatment plan for these children. We might postulate that the degree of osteolysis of the ankle joint in our present child might be a form of secondary osteolysis.


To make a new growing area for Chinese yam(D.opposita Thunb.), producers need a lot of rhizophore for seed. To establish an efficient cultural technique for its seed propagation, we examined the effects of seed rhizophore weight and planting density on the yield at a commercial field in 1997 and 1998. The suitable size of rhizophore for seed is different from the size for fresh market. The weight of new rhizophore was reduced by reducing the seed rhizophore weight or increasing the planting density. The smaller the seed rhizophore, however the lower the yield. The higher the planting density, the lower the propagation rate of new rhizophore to seed one. With their combination, the problems were resolved. The optimum seed rhizophore weight and planting density of the standard variety GSIA for seed propagation were 20g and 8, 333 plants per 10a, each "Shintanmaru" was 10g and 16, 667 plants per l0a. Under these conditions, all rhizophores were under 350g(cut in four with a standard variety or in eight with "Shintanmaru"). With the smaller seed rhizophore weight and the higher planting density, it could provide smaller new rhizophore for seed in "Shintanmaru."


This paper is devoted to the disclosure of opportunities for the development of an electric drive control system based on frequency converters manufactured by Schneider Electric. The paper contains the results of practical experience in the manufacture of hardware, parameterization and programming of the control system. As a control object, a bridge crane with main hoist, auxiliary hoist and carriage movement mechanisms is considered. This crane was developed and assembled by the authors and is used for teaching students, conducting research by graduate students and scientists. Despite the availability of materials on this topic, the paper aims to provide a complete description of the system from sensors and controller to visualization and connectivity. Provides debugging information for the ATV930, ATV 320, Magelis HMISTU855 touch panel, and M241 controller. The development of the dispatching control system for the crane mechanisms was carried out using SoMachine (control part) and Vijeo Designer (visualization part) software. Recording of experimental data and parameterization of frequency converters is performed in SoMove software. This paper will be useful both for academic purposes in teaching students, researchers, as well as for motorers of industrial enterprises.


Veteran identity is deeply rooted in the experience of military service and military culture (Castro & Kintzle, 2014; Smith & True, 2014; Meyer et al., 2016; Lancaster et al., 2018; McCormick et al., 2019). Despite the growing recognition that military identity and veteran identity are interrelated, there is scant literature that seeks to describe or define military culture—perhaps an indication of the degree to which veterans and civilians alike take military culture for granted as a factor in veteran identity. Following Brim (2013), I will regard military culture broadly: "the total of all knowledge, beliefs, morals, customs, habits, and capabilities acquired by service members and their families through membership in military organizations" (p. 31). Despite the focus on individual service members in Brim's definition, much of the existing literature on the military treats military culture as a theoretical and often monolithic construct, rather than as a lived experience. Classic works like Samuel Huntington's (1957) The Soldier and the State, and more recent entries on military culture in general (Wilson, 2008; Hall, 2013), begin with organizational elements—such as rank and role, the use of orders, and the mission of the military—and deductively construct the soldier. However useful this approach may be when considering armies en masse, a different understanding of military culture is necessary when faced with a particular veteran with particular needs, and with a particular identity that is informed by their military service. We need a means to consider how the specific experiences of military service inform specific veteran knowledge, beliefs, morals, etc.; and further, a means to consider more fully how the customs and habits—what soldiers do in the course of service—are connected to the beliefs and morals that constitute military ethos. Because of the gap between theoretical understandings of military culture and the particular experiences of service members, recent scholarship has turned to qualitative research to develop a richer understanding of military culture (McCormick et al., 2019; Lancaster et al., 2018; Smith & True, 2014). In this article I take up the call for "empirical research... to advance conceptualization of military culture from veterans' perspectives" with a phenomenological approach to military service, and especially service since 9/11 (McCormick et al., 2019, p. 288). As well, I take up the idea of implicit elements of military culture (Brim, 2013), seeking to understand how phenomena that are RESEARCH


Background: Cytochrome P450 2B6 (CYP2B6) and ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (ABCB-1) play an important role in metabolism and transport of anti-retroviral therapy (ART) agents. CYP2B6 516TT and ABCB-1 3435CT polymorphisms affected plasma efavirenz levels. Efavirenz based ART was proved to be beneficial in HIV/tuberculosis co-infection management; however, drug-drug interactions and toxicity are the major concerns. Factors affecting adverse drug events and liver toxicity were investigated in this study. Methods: Seventy-one HIV patients with tuberculosis receiving efavirenz (600 mg/day) based ART were enrolled in the randomized trial: the N2R study in Bamrasnaradura Infectious Diseases Institute, Thailand. After 12 weeks of ART, 65 rifampicin recipients continued for the analysis of the factors influenced drug toxicity. Plasma efavirenz, serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total and direct bilirubins were determined. CYP2B6 and ABCB-1 polymorphisms were genotyped by real-time PCR. Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare genotypes and laboratory parameters. Results: CYP2B6 516TT and ABCB-1 3435CT genotypes were found in 9 (13.85%) and 33 (50.77%) patients, respectively, while six (9.23%) carried both 516TT and 3435CT genotypes. Patients carrying 516TT genotype had significantly higher mean rank plasma efavirenz than GT and GG genotypes (54.78 vs. 29.50, p=1.97x10-4) while those carrying 3435CT had slightly higher than CC and TT genotypes. Patients carrying both 516TT and 3435CT had higher mean rank efavirenz levels than those without these two genotypes (60.17 vs. 30.24, p=2.21x10-4), with significantly different ALT as well as total and direct bilirubin levels (p=0.044, 0.009, 0.021, respectively). Conclusion: CYP2B6 516TT and ABCB-1 3435CT influenced plasma efavirenz levels and related to higher levels of ALT, total and direct bilirubin in patients with HIV/Tuberculosis which implication for drug toxicity. The results might be useful for personalized therapy due to their impact on ART adherence related to drug resistance and treatment failure. Sumonmal Uttayamakul1,2, Weerawat Manosuthi1, Sirirat Likanonsakul1, Tatsuo Shioda3, Srisin Khusmith2 1Bamrasnaradura Infectious Diseases Institute, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand 2Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand 3Department of Viral Infection, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan References 1. Uttayamakul, et al, AIDS Res Ther. 2010, 26;7:8. 2. Saitoh et al, AIDS 2007; 21:2191-9 3. Haas et al, J Infect Dis 2009; 199:872-880 4. Uttayamakul, et al, Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health . 2012, 43;78-88. 5. Manosuthi et al, Clin Infect Dis. 2009;48:1752-9. Introduction CYP2B6 516TT genotype was reported in it effects on the plasma efavirenz (EFV) and nevirapine (NVP) levels when co-administered with rifampicin in HIV/TB co-infected Thai adults (Uttayamakul et al, 2010) and associated with pharmacokinetics of EFV and NVP (Saitoh et al, 2007, Haas et al, 2009). The influence of ABCB-1 C3435T polymorphisms on these drug levels and their effects on virologic and immunological outcomes in HIV/TB coinfected Thai adults has been recently reported (Uttayamakul et al, 2012). Objective To investigate whether CYP2B6 G516T and ABCB-1 C3435T affect the adverse drug events and liver toxicity in HIV/TB co-infected patients receiving rifampicin. Materials and Methods Seventy-one of ARV naïve HIV patients with active tuberculosis were enrolled in randomized control trial conducted at Bamrasnaradura Infectious Diseases Institute (BIDI). They received rifampicin containing anti-TB regimens and efavirenz (600 mg/day) based ART. After 12 weeks of ART, 65 rifampicin recipients continued for the analysis of the factors influenced drug toxicity. CYP2B6 and ABCB-1 genotyping were done by real-time PCR and the plasma EFV concentrations were measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Genomic DNA was extracted by using QIAamp® blood kit, (QIAGEN, Hilden, Germany). This study was approved by the institutional ethics committees of BIDI and the Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand. Discussion & Conclusion CYP2B6 516TT and ABCB1 3435CT gene polymorphisms influenced the adverse drug effects. By comparing the plasma EFV and NVP concentrations and efficacies between these 2 nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-based regimens in the randomized trial of HIV-infected patients receiving rifampicin, the EFV based ART was proved to be beneficial in HIV/tuberculosis co-infection management (Manosuthi et al., 2009). When the plasma EFV and the serum levels of AST, ALT, ALP as well as total and direct bilirubins were determined at week 12 of ART, the ALT, total bilirubin and direct bilirubin were higher in patients carrying both 516TT and 3435CT genotypes than those without these polymorphisms. The drug-drug interactions and toxicity are the major concerns due to their effects on patient's quality of life and the medication adherence. These problems can lead to drug resistance and treatment failure. Acknowledgements We thanks all patients who participated in this study. This study was support by the Royal Golden Jubilee Ph.D. program (Grant No. PHD/0094/2551) of the Thailand Research Fund; Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University; Bamrasnaradura Infectious Diseases Institute, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand. Table 1 CYP2B6 G516T and ABCB-1 C3435T polymorphisms in relation to factors influenced EFV toxicity. Factor influenced efavirenz adverse effects Patients with CYP2B6 516TT & ABCB13435CT (n=6) Patients with CYP2B6 516GG, GT and ABCB13435CC, TT (n=59) pvalue Aspartate aminotransferase level, median (IQR), U/L 39 (33.75-66.00) 31 (25.00-42.00) 0.196 Alanine aminotransferase level, median (IQR) U/L 53 (35.25-86.75) 28 (20.00-40.00) 0.044* Alkaline phosphatase level median (IQR), U/L 168 (98.25-394) 100 (79-139) 0.087* Total bilirubin median (IQR), mg/dL 0.85 (0.58-2.18) 0.40 (0.30-0.60) 0.009* Direct bilirubin median (IQR), mg/dL 0.40 (0.20-1.50) 0.20 (0.10-0.30) 0.021* * Statistically significant by Mann-Whitney U test. IQR: interquartile range. (N=65) Results CYP2B6 516TT and ABCB-1 3435CT genotypes were found in 9 (13.85%) and 33 (50.77%) patients, respectively, while 6 (9.23%) carried both 516TT and 3435CT genotypes. Patients carrying 516TT genotype had significantly higher mean rank plasma efavirenz than GT and GG genotypes (54.78 vs. 29.50, p=1.97x10-4) while those carrying 3435CT had slightly higher than CC and TT. Patients carrying both 516TT and -3435CT had higher mean rank efavirenz levels than those without these two genotypes (60.17 vs. 30.24, p=2.21x10-4), with significantly different ALT, total and direct bilirubin levels (p=0.044, 0.009, 0.021, respectively). Impact of Pharmacogenetic Markers of CYP2B6, Clinical Factors, and Drug-Drug Interaction on Efavirenz Concentrations in HIV/Tuberculosis Co-Infected Patients A total of 139 HIV/TB adults, in which 101 received rifampicincontaining anti-TB regimen, were prospectively enrolled. The median (IQR) CD4 cell count was 42 (17-105) cells/mm3 and median (IQR) plasma HIV-1 RNA was 5.8 (5.4-6.3) log copies/mL. At week 12, median (IQR) plasma efavirenz concentration of all 139 patients was 2.3 (1.4-3.9) mg/dL. The frequencies of heterozygous/homozygous mutant of SNPs were 64C>T (10%, 1%), 499C>G (0%, 0%), 516G>T (47%, 8%), 785A>G (54%, 10%), 1375A>G (0%, 0%), 1459C>T (3%, 0%), 3003C>T (44%, 27%), 18492T>C (39%, 6%), and 21563C>T (57%, 5%). The most three frequent CYP2B6 haplotypes identified were *1/*6 (41%), *1/*1 (35%), *1/*2 (7%), and *6/*6 (7%). Weerawat Manosuthi,1* Chonlaphat Sukasem,2 Aroon Lueangniyomkul,1 Wiroj Manktitham,1 Supeda Thongyen,1 Samruay Nilkamhang,1 Sukanya Manosuthi,1 Somnuek Sungkanuparph2 (Cantact: firstname.lastname@example.com) 1Bamrasnaradura Infectious Diseases Institute, Ministry of Public Health, Tiwanon Road, Nonthaburi, 11000 Thailand 2Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand BACKGROUND The comprehensive information of CYP2B6 polymorphisms, clinical factors, and drug-drug interaction on efavirenz concentration in HIV/tuberculosis (TB) co-infected patients is unknown. RESULTS OBJECTIVE To examine the impact of nine SNPs and haplotypes of CYP2B6 enzyme, potential clinical factors, and drug-drug interactions on plasma efavirenz concentraions in Thai patients co-infected with HIV and tuberculosis. METHODS This study provides an interesting data regarding the potential factors contribute to pharmacokinetic variability of efavirenz in Thai patients co-infected with HIV and TB, those include genetic factor, biological factor (i.e., body weight), and environmental factor (i.e., efavirenz-rifampicin interactions). Difference of genetic polymorphism influences different CYP2B6 enzyme expression. The patients with particular haplotype and low body weight have the greatest probability of low plasma efavirenz concentration. Pharmacokinetic variability reflects the combined influence of such factors but in the different magnitudes. CONCLUSIONS Patients co-infected with HIV and tuberculosis were prospectively enrolled. Inclusion criteria were: (1) HIV-infected individuals 18-60 years of age, (2) newly clinically diagnosed active tuberculosis, positive acid-fast staining or a positive culture for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, (3) treated with antituberculous regimen 4 -12 weeks prior to enrollment, (4) naïve to ART, (5) baseline CD4 cell count <350 cells/mm3, and (6) participated and provided an informed consent. Table I. Univariate and multivariate analysis of plasma efavirenz concentration as the dependent variable P122 All patients were started on once daily antiretroviral regimen of


Observations of debris flows have been reported in numerous studies over many previous decades [e.g., Arattano , 1999 ; Rickenmann , 1999 ; Suwa et al ., 2019], and systematic research into the mechanics of these flows, including detailed investigations in flume tests, has been carried out for approximately 60 years [e.g., Daido , 1971 ; Rickenmann , 1999]. Previous studies of debris flow mechanisms have examined non-uniform-sized debris in mountain torrents via flume tests and field observations as part of efforts to clarify those mechanisms. However, it is still difficult to grasp the vertical and longitudinal component segregation of sediment particles and the vertical profiles of velocity and volumetric concentration that are related to pressure and stress. In Japan, the Disaster Prevention Research Institute of Kyoto University (DPRI) and the Matsumoto Sabo Office of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT) began debris flow monitoring and observations at Kamikamihorizawa Creek on the eastern slope of Mt. Yakedake in 1970 [e. g., Suwa et al ., 1973 ; Okuda et al ., 1980]. Heavy rainfalls have caused numerous debris flow events since the last phreatic explosion of this volcano in 1962. Those observations, which continued until the 2000s, resulted in the collection of vast amounts of data on phenomena such as the longitudinal spreading velocity of the frontal part, temporal changes of surges, the relationship between the flow peak discharge rate and the volume, and other factors. At Sakurajima Island, debris flow observations were carried out from the 1970s to monitor the debris flow occurrences that followed volcanic eruptions [e.g., Osaka et al ., 2014], as well as at Kamikamihorizawa Creek, where sediment-water mixture measurements of debris flow bodies were carried out manually with a sampling box to evaluate sediment concentrations. However, little information regarding sediment Original Article


C~sH,3N; M r = 207.3; monoclinic, space group P2/c; a = 19.972 (5), b = 5.537 (1), c = 21.530 (4) A, fl = 110.22 (2)°; D c = 1.232 gcm -3 for Z = 8. Mo Ka radiation diffractometer data. Final R = 0-055. C-C bond lengths show the influence of considerable single-double bond alternation. Crystal- packing interactions in the ac plane are limited to H...H contacts, whereas C...C contacts are the primary interactions in the b direction. Introduction. The title compound (II) was prepared as follows: 2-methyl-3-chloroisoquinolinium iodide (I) (13-5 g, 0.45 mol) was added to freshly prepared sodium cyclopentadienide (from 5.6 g, 0.24 mol, sodium sand and 33 ml, 0.43 mol, cyclopentadiene) in 250 ml dry dimethoxymethane under nitrogen with stirring. After 16 h at room temperature, the reaction was quenched with water, the aqueous solution was extracted with benzene, and alumina thin-layer chromatography (benzene eluent) of the concentrated benzene fraction revealed three mobile components (one major purple band, two minor yellow-green bands) in addition to a brown-black band at the origin. The purple component was isolated by column chromatog- raphy (neutral alumina, benzene eluent), and following sublimation and recrystallization from benzene, there was obtained a 2% yield of (II) as purple needles, m.p. 105-106.5 °C.


In recent years, the wind industry has sponsored the development, verification, and validation of comprehensive aeroelastic simulators, which are used for wind turbine design, certification, and research. Unfortunately, as wind turbines continue to grow in size and sometimes exhibit unconventional design characteristics, the existing codes do not always support the additional analysis features required for proper design. The development history, functionality, and advanced nature of RCAS (Rotorcraft Comprehensive Analysis System) make this code a sensible option. RCAS is an aeroelastic simulator developed over a 4-year cooperative effort amongst the U.S. Army's Aeroflightdynamics Directorate, Advanced Rotorcraft Technology (ART), Inc., and the helicopter industry. As its name suggests, RCAS was created for the rotorcraft industry but developed as a general purpose code for modeling the aerodynamic and structural response of any system with rotating and nonrotating subsystems (such as wind turbines). To demonstrate that RCAS can analyze wind turbines, models of a conventional, 1.5-MW, 3-bladed, upwind, horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT) are created in RCAS and wind turbine analysis codes FAST (Fatigue, Aerodynamics, Structures, and Turbulence) and ADAMS (Automatic Dynamic Analysis of Mechanical Systems). Using these models, a side-by-side comparison of structural response predictions is performed under several test scenarios.


Abstract. The South American genus Lycoplateros Pic, 1922 is revised. This genus is a member of the Eurrhacini clade, placed as a sister-group of Neolinoptes Nascimento & Bocakova, 2017. Lycoplateros can be differentiated from other Eurrhacini based on its characteristic pronotum and complex male genitalia, characterized by phallus presenting internal sac with a set of complex sclerites and slightly distorted ladle/hood-like phallobase. The two known species, L. mimicus Pic, 1922 and L. diversipes Pic, 1931 are redescribed, and eleven new species are proposed: L. delclaroi sp. nov.; L. brasiliensis sp. nov.; L. septentrionalis sp. nov.; L. alvarengai sp. nov.; L. kaapora sp. nov.; L. eliasi sp. nov.; L. mulleri sp. nov.; L. constantini sp. nov.; L. nungara sp. nov.; L. bartolozzii sp. nov., and L. flavescens sp. nov. All species are illustrated and an identification key is provided.


In this short essay the author deals with the fundamental question of whether the Inference to the Best Explanation (IBE) model has sufficient grounds to be considered as a substitute of the current criminal standard of proof (proof Beyond All Reasonable Doubt). After giving an over view of the IBE model as proposed in more general fields such as epistemology and the philosophy of science, and after concluding that the IBE has failed as a model of the acceptance and rejection of scientific theories, the author analysis its plausibility when applied as a decision rule for inferring if the accused is guilty or not.


Ca2+–Calmodulin binding to neuronal v-ATPase V0 subunit a1 (V100) regulates SNARE complex assembly for a putative subset of synaptic vesicles that sustain spontaneous release in Drosophila.


Generating handwritings of different kinds is quite a challenging task, an area in which not much work has been done yet. Though there has been substantial research done in the area of text recognition, the opposite of handwriting generation. Handwriting generation can prove to be extremely useful for children from blind schools where their speech can get converted into text and be used to generate handwritings of different kinds for them. Handwriting generation also has an important role in field of captcha generation. Our study exhibits in what way recurrent neural networks (RNN) of the type Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) could be used in order to create a composite sequence with structure covering a long range. We propose to use that the Generative Adversarial Network algorithm can be used to generate more realistic handwriting styles with better accuracy than other algorithms. Here, we will be trying to predict one point of data at a time. Our approach is shownfor text, where the type of data is discrete. It can also be used for online handwriting, that is real-valued data. It will then be further drawn out to handwriting generation. The created network will be conditioning its predictions based on a sequence of text. We will be using the resulting system to generate highly realistic cursive handwriting in a wide variety of styles. Experiments that have been carried out on online handwriting databases that are public predict that the method that has been proposed can be used to achieve satisfactory performance, the resultant writing samples achieved a high level of similarity with original samples of handwriting.


Control strategy is crucial for the smooth operation of distillation systems, especially when the design flowsheet is complicated. In this work, a control strategy is proposed for a recently publis...


Approaches such as ISO 13606 and openEHR aim to address data reusability by defining clinical data structures called archetypes and templates, based on a reference model. A problem with these appro ...


Probing the interiors of the gaseous giant planets in our solar system is not an easy task. It requires a set of accurate measurements combined with theoretical models that are used to infer the planetary composition and its depth dependence. The masses of Jupiter and Saturn are 317.83 and 95.16 Earth masses (M⊕), respectively, and since a few decades, it has been known that they mostly consist of hydrogen and helium. The mass of heavy elements (all elements heavier than helium) is not well determined, nor are their distribution within the planets. While the heavy elements are not the dominating materials inside Jupiter and Saturn, they are the key to understanding the planets' formation and evolutionary histories.
 The planetary internal structure is inferred from theoretical models that fit the available observational constraints by using theoretical equations of states (EOSs) for hydrogen, helium, their mixtures, and heavier elements (typically rocks and/or ices). However, there is no unique solution for determining the planetary structure and the results depend on the used EOSs as well as the model assumptions imposed by the modeler.
 Major model assumptions that can affect the derived internal structure include the number of layers, the heat transport mechanism within the planet (and its entropy), the nature of the core (compact vs. diluted), and the location (pressure) of separation between the two envelopes. Alternative structure models assume a less distinct division between the layers and /or a non-homogenous distribution of the heavy elements. The fact that the behavior of hydrogen at high pressures and temperatures is not perfectly known and that helium may separate from hydrogen at the deep interior add sources of uncertainty to structure models. In the 21st century, with accurate measurements of the gravitational fields of Jupiter and Saturn from the Juno and Cassini missions, structure models can be further constrained. At the same time, these measurements introduce new challenges for planetary modelers.


There are several factors that may affect the body response to the medicine and the drug response. One of the factors is the genetic variations. Some genes are predicted to have significant roles in oral antidiabetic response. This review is intended to define the role of Potassium inwardly rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 11 (KCNJ11) genotypes to the glycemia control in Diabetes melitus type 2 (DMT2) patients. We conducted literature review using keywords "genotype description, kcnj11 gene, blood sugar level, diabetes melitus type 2" in Pubmed, Science Direct, BMC, PMC and Google Scholar database. Among the fourteen articles, we found that the most alleles studied was: rs5219 and rs5215. The homozygous wildtypes of rs5219 have no correlation with the risk of DMT2. However, the correlation between the allele of rs5219 and the medication response are still unclear. Furthermore, the correlation of alleles of rs5215 and the risk of DMT2 and medication response are still contradictive. The future studies are still needed to confirm the correlation between allele of rs5219, rs5215 and the risk of DMT2 and medication response.

 How to Cite this Article

 Pubmed Style

 Perwitasari DA, Faridah IN, Dania H, Irham LM, Salsabila FV, Maliza R. Genotype of Potassium Inwardly Rectifying Channel, Subfamily J, Member 11 (KCNJ 11) Gene and Glycaemia Control in Diabetic Patients: A Narrative Review. SRP. 2020; 11(9): 627-631. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.9.92

 Web Style

 Perwitasari DA, Faridah IN, Dania H, Irham LM, Salsabila FV, Maliza R. Genotype of Potassium Inwardly Rectifying Channel, Subfamily J, Member 11 (KCNJ 11) Gene and Glycaemia Control in Diabetic Patients: A Narrative Review. http://www.sysrevpharm.org/?mno=15263 [Access: March 29, 2021]. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.9.92

 AMA (American Medical Association) Style

 Perwitasari DA, Faridah IN, Dania H, Irham LM, Salsabila FV, Maliza R. Genotype of Potassium Inwardly Rectifying Channel, Subfamily J, Member 11 (KCNJ 11) Gene and Glycaemia Control in Diabetic Patients: A Narrative Review. SRP. 2020; 11(9): 627-631. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.9.92

 Vancouver/ICMJE Style

 Perwitasari DA, Faridah IN, Dania H, Irham LM, Salsabila FV, Maliza R. Genotype of Potassium Inwardly Rectifying Channel, Subfamily J, Member 11 (KCNJ 11) Gene and Glycaemia Control in Diabetic Patients: A Narrative Review. SRP. (2020), [cited March 29, 2021]; 11(9): 627-631. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.9.92

 Harvard Style

 Perwitasari, D. A., Faridah, . I. N., Dania, . H., Irham, . L. M., Salsabila, . F. V. & Maliza, . R. (2020) Genotype of Potassium Inwardly Rectifying Channel, Subfamily J, Member 11 (KCNJ 11) Gene and Glycaemia Control in Diabetic Patients: A Narrative Review. SRP, 11 (9), 627-631. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.9.92

 Turabian Style

 Perwitasari, Dyah Aryani, Imaniar Noor Faridah, Haafizah Dania, Lalu Muhammad Irham, Fathia Vikri Salsabila, and Rita Maliza. 2020. Genotype of Potassium Inwardly Rectifying Channel, Subfamily J, Member 11 (KCNJ 11) Gene and Glycaemia Control in Diabetic Patients: A Narrative Review. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy, 11 (9), 627-631. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.9.92

 Chicago Style

 Perwitasari, Dyah Aryani, Imaniar Noor Faridah, Haafizah Dania, Lalu Muhammad Irham, Fathia Vikri Salsabila, and Rita Maliza. "Genotype of Potassium Inwardly Rectifying Channel, Subfamily J, Member 11 (KCNJ 11) Gene and Glycaemia Control in Diabetic Patients: A Narrative Review." Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy 11 (2020), 627-631. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.9.92

 MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

 Perwitasari, Dyah Aryani, Imaniar Noor Faridah, Haafizah Dania, Lalu Muhammad Irham, Fathia Vikri Salsabila, and Rita Maliza. "Genotype of Potassium Inwardly Rectifying Channel, Subfamily J, Member 11 (KCNJ 11) Gene and Glycaemia Control in Diabetic Patients: A Narrative Review." Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy 11.9 (2020), 627-631. Print. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.9.92

 APA (American Psychological Association) Style

 Perwitasari, D. A., Faridah, . I. N., Dania, . H., Irham, . L. M., Salsabila, . F. V. & Maliza, . R. (2020) Genotype of Potassium Inwardly Rectifying Channel, Subfamily J, Member 11 (KCNJ 11) Gene and Glycaemia Control in Diabetic Patients: A Narrative Review. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy, 11 (9), 627-631. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.9.92


Manganese oxyborate (Mn2OBO3) necklace‐like nanofibers have been successfully synthesized by an electrospinning technique. First, poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) PVP/[Mn(CH3COO)2 + H3BO3] composite fibers (average size of 300 ± 10 nm in diameter) were fabricated by an electrospinning method using a solution that contained PVP and manganese acetate and boric acid. Manganese oxyborate (Mn2OBO3) nanofibers were prepared by sintering the above composite fibers in air at 600, 700, and 800 °C, and the calcined nanofibers were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Raman, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. After sintering at 600 °C, monoclinic phase Mn2OBO3 nanofibers of 180 ± 20 nm in diameter were successfully obtained. Morphology analysis showed that the surface of the 700 °C‐sintered Mn2OBO3 nanofibers (average size of 250 ± 20 nm in diameter) was rough and they had fiberlike structure with packed particles. The 800 °C‐sintered Mn2OBO3 fibers have necklace‐like morphology. The crystallite size of the nanoparticles contained in nanofibers increases from 100 to 200 nm with increasing calcination temperature between 700 and 800 °C. The morphology changes of the Mn2OBO3 nanofibers can be attributed to the grain growth during the calcinations process. The Raman spectrum of Mn2OBO3 was provided and assigned.


Objective: To improve the diagnosis level of primary gastric lymphoma by analyzing the value of imaging,endoscopy and endoscopic ultrasonography.Methods: The value of clinical examinations in diagnosis were retrospectively analyzred of 21 patients with pathologically confirmed primary gastric lymphoma.Results: Of the total 21 patients,Misdiagnosed as invasive cancer in 11 cases,stromal tumor in 2 cases,no obvious abnormalities in 3 cases.Only 5(23.8%)patients were diagnosed exactly by Computed tomography.These cases were examined by endoscopy,Biopsy diagnosis of lymphoma in 14 cases,endoscopic biopsy diagnosis rate was 66.7%(14/21).Ten of these cases were examined by endoscopic ultrasonography,judgment of 6 cases of gastric lymphoma,3 cases of gastric cancer,1 cases of stromal tumors;preoperative diagnostic rate was 60%(6/10).Conclusions: Endoscopy and endoscopic ultrasonography in primary gastric lymphoma is the main way of preoperative diagnosis;CT scan can clearly has no mediastinal and abdominal lymph nodes,for primary gastric lymphoma provide diagnostic evidence.


This was a prospective study designed to determine the therapeutic impact of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in primary fistula in ano, and to assess its effect on outcome.


Researches on a firm's diversification strategy are mostly focused on it's operative effect and conditions. Few touches it's intrinsic mechanism. This paper makes a exploratory step to explain that a firm's diversification should base on its technological trajectories.


The reasons that bring abnormal phenomena of magnesium content determination in phosphate rock are analyzed by the experiment of improving measure precision of EGTA solution. In view of the sample phosphate rock with low calcium oxide, the usage range of EGTA solution should be pointed out for the measure precision of magnesium content.


Spheroidization is a process that uses a high temperature to change the properties of metals and it is often used in physical metallurgy. Metallographic inspection is an important method of inspecting the quality of metal materials after spheroidization. In the process of metallographic inspection, a high-power optical microscope combined with a digital camera is usually used to obtain an image of the spheroidized metal. A light sensor, which is a charge-coupled device in the camera, is used to convert the image observed by the microscope into an electronic image signal. In this paper, we present an image recognition method with a deep learning neural network (NN) to inspect the metallographic grade of spheroidized metal. Three different transfer learning models are incorporated in the NN structure for feature extraction for comparison. The overall aim of our study is to reduce the shortcomings and inconvenience of traditional manual inspection and increase the judgment accuracy of metallographic analysis. In experiments, 203 metallographic images of size 1536 × 2048 were used for the learning and testing of the NN. The metallographic grade of the spheroidized metal was evaluated using the deep learning NN model.


The key problem of remote sensing image classification is to understand the semantic content of the images effectively. Up to now, most methods are to improve the accuracy of the final classification through the convolutional neural networks model. However, the structure of the whole model is complex and contains a large number of parameters. To address this problem, in this study, we proposed a lightweight method of the intrinsic mean within Lie groups, which can achieve high accuracy. We apply the computational advantage of Lie group manifold space and design the kernel function that is suitable for both Lie group sample and vector sample. Experiments are performed on two publicly available and challenging data sets [aerial image dataset (AID) and Northwestern Polytechnical University-REmote Sensing Image Scene Classification, contains 45 scene classes (NWPU-RESISC45)], and the results show that our method is more accurate than the state-of-the-art methods.


This report presents the results of a systematic evaluation conducted to identify miscellaneous TWRS facilities, tanks and components with potential needed authorization basis upgrades. It provides the Authorization Basis upgrade plan for those miscellaneous TWRS facilities, tanks and components identified.


The challenge of the present paper is to discover whether economic science has the potential to "prescribe" an optimal taxation, both as system (progressive vs. flat tax) and as level.


In the history of chinese philosoph y in the 20th c entury,philosophy thought of Zhang Shenfu hold very specia l position.The stud y on philosophy of Bertrand Russell by Zhang Shenfu;on dialectics;on the thou ght of the fus ion of chinese and western culture etc aspects,undoubtedly still have important value of use for reference to our study of cu lture in the prese nt.


Introduction P.L. Luisi. Historical and Philosophical Perspectives. Historical overview to the quest of self-reproduction and artificial life S. Hoffmann. On defining life F.J. Varela. A few precautionary words concerning terminology G.R. Fleischaker. Template Chemistry. Molecular replication: From minimal to complex systems D. Sievers, T. Achilles, J. Burmeister, S. Jordan, A. Terfort, G. von Kiedrowski. Self-replication and reproduction: From molecules to protocells E. Szathmary. Extrabiotic replication and self-assembly J. Rebek, Jr. The prebiotic synthesis and replication of RNA oligomers: the transition from prebiotic molecules to the RNA world J.P. Ferris. Template-directed synthesis of oligomers: Kinetics vs thermodynamic control J.T. Goodwin, P. Luo, J.C. Leitzel, D.G. Lynn. Chirality and Replication. Chirality and the first self-replicating molecules A.W. Schwartz, M.J. Van Vliet. Are peptides possible support for self-amplification of sequence information? A. Brack. The RNA World. Minimonsters: Evolutionary by-products of in vitro RNA amplification R.R. Breaker, G.F. Joyce. Models for the autocatalytic replication of RNA L. Giver, S. Lato, A. Ellington. RNA species that multiply indefinitely with RNA polymerase C.K. Biebricher. Chemical oscillations and nonlinear chemical kinetics P.V. Coveney. The Cell View and Cell Models. The chemical implementation of autopoiesis P.L. Luisi. Molecular recognition in micelles J.S. Nowick, J.S. Chen, T. Cao, G. Noronha. Self-reproducing vesicles P. Walde. Sources and syntheses of prebiotic amphiphiles D.W. Deamer. Ancient paralogous duplications and the search forArchean cells V. Garcia-Meza, A. Gonzalez-Rodriguez, A. Lazcano. Posters. Self-replication of oligonucleotides in reverse micelles C. Boehler, W. Bannwarth, P.L. Luisi. Liposomes from lipidonucleotides and from lipidopeptides S. Bonaccio, C. Cescato, P. Walde, P.L. Luisi. Dendritic luminescent and redox-active supermolecules made of transition metal complexes S. Campagna, G. Denti, S. Serroni, A. Juris, M. Venturi, V. Balzani. Layer-by-layer adsorption: the solid/liquid-interface as a template for the controlled growth of well defined nanostructures of polyelectrolytes, proteins, DNA and polynucleotides G. Decher, J.-D. Hong, K. Lowack, Y. Lvov, J. Schmitt. Molecular recognition of amino acids by RNA P. Burgstaller, D. Faulhammer, M. Famulok. Towards nature's structural guidelines: Conclusions on the unsolved structures of RNA-dependent RNA polymerases D.L. Gerloff. A self-catalyzed (autopoietic) synthesis of an anionic surfactant: Experimental evidence and theoretical modeling M. Fresta, M. Maestro, F. Mavelli. Competition, reciprocity, and mutation at the molecular level: Irradiation of a synthetic replicator generates a superior species V. Rotello, Q. Feng, J.-I. Hong, J. Rebek, Jr. Giant vesicles R. Wick, P. Walde, P.L. Luisi. Index.


Computing has become highly visual as interactive programs become increasingly prevalent. Computer science students need to be able to create effective visual displays as part of interface implementation. This paper describes a course covering graphic design topics relevant to computer science students. In this course, students learn the basic visual elements, the visual organizational principles and how to use them in the context of the digital page. The other topics of this paper are the presentation of course information to the computer science student, the implementation of the course information as praxis, course project construction, and a method for critiquing student projects. Curriculum Integration will also be discussed as a feature towards achieving a seamless and collaborative experience.


Close-up of a woman in traditional dress. Photograph taken by Monica Wilson during joint fieldwork at different periods from April 1935-December 1937.


Abstract Several psychosocial risk factors have been consistently identified for postnatal distress in women, including lack of support, a personal or family history of depression, and recent stressful life events. Studies usually emphasize the statistical nature of these risks, without focusing on their clinical significance, which is important to aid in the communication with expectant couples. Four hundred and sixteen Italian-speaking women attending public health services completed measures, assessing current distress and psychosocial risk variables, at 2–3 months postpartum. Logistic regression, together with the strength of the obtained statistics, is reported. A personal history of depressed mood, stressful events, and conflict with her partner in the past year were risks of at least moderate size, though only for the last variable were half or more of the women with the risk likely to experience distress. A family history of mood disorders was no longer a risk once the woman's personal history was taken into account. Furthermore between a quarter to a third of women lacking current social support experienced distress. Understanding the strength of these risks, and the frequency with which they are associated with postpartum distress, will help clinicians communicate the implications of such risks to couples.


significant higher rates of anxiety (p=0.008), depression (p<0.001) and perceived stress (p=0.019). The study revealed a significant variation of the BOLD signal triggered by the Valsalva maneuver in areas of the central autonomic nervous system (insular cortex, cingulate cortex, amygdala and the hippocampus), which was accompanied by a typical heart rate response to this maneuver. Interestingly, there were significant differences in the pattern of activation of specific areas, namely the insular cortex, amygdala and the hippocampus between patients with TTC and the volunteers. Accordingly, during the social stress task TTC patients displayed less BOLD signal in the right insular cortex and peri-insular areas (t score 4,56; p<0,01), which are part of the central autonomic nervous system. Conclusion: TTC patients have a higher incidence of psychiatric disorders and perceived stress and have a re-organization of the autonomic system network. This suggests that basal alterations in the central autonomic nervous system may predispose individuals for TTC.


Abstract. Plants respond actively to infection and other environmental stresses by synthesizing phytoalexins and defence-related proteins. This response can be induced in plant cell suspension cultures with compounds known as elicitors. These are often carbohydrates of fungal origin. In bean, transcriptional activation of the defence genes commences less than five minutes after elicitor addition, thus it is clearly a very rapid response implying few biochemical steps exist between elicitor interaction and the initiation of defence gene transcription. The induction of phytoalexin biosynthesis during incompatible interactions of bean with Colletotrichum lindemuthianum occurs rapidly during the initial contact between the host and pathogen. This appears to be a direct response to molecular recognition of the pathogen. In compatible interactions however, the pathogen grows biotrophically and phytoalexin biosynthesis is not triggered until lesions begin to form. Thus this may be a response to tissue damage rather than direct molecular recognition. Many bean defence genes, including those regulating key points in the phytoalexin biosynthetic pathway, exist in the genome as small multigene families. In some cases there is differential regulation within a family in response to developmental and environmental signals. The analysis of the cis-acting sequences involved in the regulation of chalcone synthase has been facilitated by the use of electroporated protoplasts as a transient assay system. This work and the use of DNA footprinting and gel-retardation assays will help identify the corresponding trans-acting factors involved in the regulation of these genes. While progress is being made in understanding the mechanisms of transcriptional activation of defence genes little is known of how plants recognize pathogens and elicitors or how this signal is transduced to the nucleus.


Atomic force microscope images show that self-assembled monolayers of octadecyltrichlorosilane form on mica by nucleating isolated, self-similar domains. With increasing coverage, the fractal dimension of the growing domains evolves from 1.6 to 1.8. At higher coverage, continued growth is limited by adsorption from solution. Monte Carlo simulations that include, for the first time, adsorption as well as surface diffusion qualitatively reproduce both the growth kinetics and evolution of fractal structure, much better than a two-dimensional diffusion-limited-aggregation model.


Urban land grading is very important in land management and pricing and is also time-consuming and expensive.In this paper,remote sensing observations were employed in the land grading system for updating land grading results timely and accurately.MODIS NDVI and LST images of Wuhan City were used as surface grading factors and applied to a quantitative evaluation of the living environment of Wuhan.Compared with traditional methods,the remote sensing analysis has the merit that the land grading results of Wuhan City can be conveniently updated with a shorter time,higher efficiency and more accurate results.


As the most important part of local fiscal revenue,
the local tax scale will have an impact on the local economy. This paper takes
343 cities in China as the research object, makes an empirical study about the impact
of local taxation on economic growth. From the perspective of regional
development, the effect of raising the scale of local tax on the economic
growth in the eastern region is the largest, followed by the northeastern
region and the central region, and the economic growth in the western region is
the least significant.


Secured loan is a financial product which requires the use of collateral as a security for the amount borrowed. This can be any personal or business property depending on the originator of the loan. Examples of secured loans are car loans, home mortgages...


Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized by itchy, inflamed skin that affects a significant portion of the population, particularly children,  and can significantly impact quality of life. The role of clinical pharmacists in managing AD has gained prominence due to their expertise in medications, patient education, and collaborative care. This article explores the various ways clinical pharmacists contribute to the comprehensive management of AD, emphasizing patient education, medication management, and interprofessional collaboration.


field of his own expertise, and avoid the use of confusing medical terminology, jargon or abbreviations that may be incomprehensible to lay persons: a 'bruise' is better understood than a 'contusion'. In the event of an inquest the Coroner may then request the attendance of the doctor. The purpose of the inquest is to discover where, when and by what means the deceased came to his/her death. Doctors must answer questions with honesty and clarity, referring to notes when necessary. When standards of medical care are at issue, doctors should consult the Medical Protection Society/Medical Defence Union and may obtain advice and be legally represented at the inquest.


Chapter 3 begins a discussion of competency to stand trial (CST) determinations. CST is arguably the most significant mental health inquiry associated with criminal justice proceedings. It is a "bedrock" issue in that the United States Supreme Court (USSC) has ruled that a criminal defendant's constitutional right to a fair trial is violated if the trial proceeds while the defendant is incompetent to stand trial (IST). This chapter examines the initial USSC ruling establishing CST as a constitutional right, its underlying principles and the forces that likely shaped the Court's determination, and why this right was only recognized relatively recently. It also describes the doctrine's "public" face as shaped by a few highly-publicized cases, and why questions regarding defendants' CST are not raised as frequently as they probably should be.


A 78-year-old male underwent continuous flow left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation due to ischaemic cardiomyopathy as a destination therapy. Routine echocardiogram performed 6 days after the surgery showed 'systolic-phase' aortic regurgitation (AR); the timing of regurgitation jet starting at the mid-systolic phase and ending at the early diastolic phase [ Panel A , the colour …


This research investigates to analyze the effect of slider dynamics on lubricant contact situation. To investigate the slider dynamics, experiment with commercial drive is conducted, and slider dynamics with various heat power reduction ratios is verified with experiments. The slider dynamics is unstable in rapidly reduced heat power.


Aggregation of 13,17-diethyl-2,3,7,8,12,18-hexamethyl-5-(pyridin-4-yl) porphyrin (I), 13,17-diethyl-2,3,7,8,12,18-hexamethyl-5-(pyridin-3-yl)porphyrin (II) and 13.17-diethyl-2,3,7,8,12,18-hexamethyl-5-(pyridin-2-yl)porphyrin (III) in the presence of trans-bis(benzonitrile)palladium(II) dichloride was studied by dynamic light scattering and electronic absorption spectroscopy in dichloromethane at 293 K. The average aggregate size and the nature of their distribution were determined. Using scanning electron microscopy, it was determined the size and composition of clusters formed by aggregates of complexes of the palladium(II) cation with the studied porphyrins. It was shown that minimal acetic acid additions lead to the destruction of the corresponding clusters. At the same time, complete destruction of the aggregates does not occur even with a 100-fold molar excess of acid.We used the Zetasizer Nano ZS (model ZEN3600, Malvern Instruments), equipped with a 633nm laser and non-invasive backscattering (NIBS) technology when the scattered light detector is positioned at an angle of 173° to the incident light. Confirmation of porphyrin aggregation was performed by additional study of the structure using a Hitachi TM4000Plus desktop electron microscope equipped with a 4-segment highly sensitive semiconductor detector and a secondary electron detector for low vacuum mode. Elemental analysis of the obtained aggregates in the cluster was performed using a silicon drift detector with a working area of 30 mm2, combined with a Hitachi TM4000Plus microscope. It was found that aggregates consisting of a para-pyridyl derivative of alkylporphyrin and trans-bis (benzonitrile) palladium (II) dichloride are formed in dichloromethane at 293 K. The best results of porphyrin structures were observed for mixtures of 13,17-diethyl-2,3,7,8,12,18-5-hexamethyl-5-(pyridine-4-yl)porphyrin with TRANS-bis(benzonitrile)- palladium (II) dichloride in a ratio of 1:3, which is probably due to less spatial shielding of the reaction center of the macrocycle and, as a result, better stabilization of the resulting particles. The size of a cluster consisting of individual aggregates was measured using scanning electron microscopy. An elemental analysis of a single aggregate was obtained.


This paper is focused on measurement and analysis of supply voltage level in low voltage industrial power systems in Estonia. A practical method for analysis of supply voltage quality parameters implementing stochastic theory is discussed. Measurement results of supply voltage quality parameters - voltage magnitude, voltage level and voltage sags in industrial 0.4 kV power systems of Estonia are shown. The impact of shunt capacitors for power factor correction upon supply voltage level is discussed.


ABSTRACT The main aims of this paper are to evaluate the effects of winter foliar fertilizer and plant growth promoters on element and carbohydrate contents of the shoot of the navel orange sapling. This study was conducted in the lath house in the Agriculture College in Al-Qasim Green University during the period from 11-1-2014 to 6-1-2015. A factorial experiment (2 × 7) was done within a randomized complete block design with four replications. The first factor represented two foliar application dates of PRO-SOL fertilizer (1 g/L) every 2 weeks during winter–spring season (S1) in 2014–2015 and spring season dates (S2) in 2015). Second factor was foliar application of plant growth promoters in mid-March with indole butyric acid (IBA), 40 and 80 mg/L; forchlorfenuron (CPPU, KT-30), 15 and 30 mg/L; IBA+KT-30 (CPPU), 40 + 15 mg/L consecutively; and IBA+KT-30 (CPPU) 80 + 30 mg/L consecutively. The main effects due to the foliar fertilizing dates (S) were found to be highly significant for nitrogen content (%). While the second main factor plant growth promoter (T) was found to be highly significant for nitrogen and potassium content % and S × T interaction which were found to be significantly different for nitrogen, potassium and ferric content (%), respectively. Foliar fertilizing dates (S) caused a significant increase in nitrogen content (%). The experiment results showed that there different responses with treatments, the S2 with T7 treatment achieved the highest value value with ferric contents % while the same treatments recorded the lowest value in potassium contents %. Therefore, it was concluded from the results of the experiment that potassium uptake percent for in S2 not effective as well as T7: IBA at 80 ppm+ CPPU at 30 ppm.