Hydrogen is expected to be highly valuable energy carrier for the 21 th century as it should participate in answering main society and economical concerns. To exploit the benefits of this energy at large scale, further research and technological developments are required in order to secure its storage, especially during fire exposure. Thus, studies on the mechanical and the thermal behaviours of the composite used in the manufacture of tanks for the storage of hydrogen are important. At present, the use of epoxy/carbon fibre composites is developed widely because of its low weight and its good mechanical properties. Thus, the present study focusses on the thermal degradation property and the influence of a fire or a heating source on the residual mechanical behaviour of such materials. To account for this point, an experimental study is introduced in order to improve the understanding of thermal degradation and fire exposure mechanisms of composite using different "elementary" samples (±12°, ±45°, 90° and quasi-isotropic samples). Firstly, to characterize the mechanical properties versus temperature, tensile tests are performed on samples submitted in situ to 4 homogeneous temperature conditions up to 150°C. Secondly, to characterize the mechanical properties versus fire exposure, a thermal degradation is performed using a cone calorimeter (ISO 5660) on carbon/epoxy composite samples. These tests are led for various heat flux values and are stopped at different characteristic times. The other thermal parameters under consideration are the density of energy, the presence (or not) and the duration of the inflammation. Then, the mechanical properties are characterized using tensile test on samples submitted at first to different fire time exposure. The evolution of the elastic properties and ultimate stress show that the density of energy is the main factor leading to a change of the mechanical properties and char thickness evolution.


This research examines the effects of GSS and task type on informational and normative influence in small groups by analyzing group process. It extends Kaplan and Miller' s research on task type and informational and normative influence in small groups in an unsupported setting to a GSS setting. The two tasks used are an intellective task and a preference task, and the two support levels are unsupported baseline and GSS support. The findings show that (1) the mode of influence that predominates in group discussion depends on task type, but the degree of dominance is moderated by support level, and (2) GSS has the potential to encourage the use of informational influence in intellective task groups and discourage the use of normative influence in preference task groups. These findings suggest that task type may have significant effects on influence behavior in small groups and a GSS may have some beneficial effects for certain task types but not for others. The paper concludes with some suggestions for further research.


The body currents induced in a human in conductive contact with various ungrounded metallic objects like cars, trucks, fences, etc., are calculated for the frequency band 10 kHz to 10 MHz. The calculated incident E-fields required to produce thershold perception and let-go currents indicate that the recently proposed ANSI guideline of 100 mW/cm2(∼615 V/m) in the frequency band 0.3 to 3.0 MHz may result in a potential for RF burns.


1 us that at 6,000 feet above ground level, the falling body does earth getting closer at all. It feels itself to be freely floating. However, at around 2,000 feet, the body begins to experience things differently, perspectives change. The earth seems to be coming at it, not just getting closer, but opening up, as if the ground were splitting. Perhaps, in similar fashion, critical moments in history are subject to an effect analogous to gravitational pull: they are seen differently when they are close up than when they are far away. As Hong Kong nears the appointed date of the handover to China, the historical ground begins to open up, perspectives on things split and multiply. This is History with a capital H, sensational and veritiginous; and just in case we should forget it, there is the world's media to remind us. 30 June 1997 will be, among many other things, a media event of the first order. It is an event that has been gathering speed over the past 15 years or so, ever since Margaret Thatcher's visit to Beijing in 1982, which culminated in the signing of the Sino-British Joint Agreement of 1984 returning Hong Kong to Chinese rule. What is also very evident by now is that this event, full of all kinds of historical reverberations, is in danger of being turned into an event type, classifiable under "colonialism, end of ," and cross-referenced with "free society, threats to"; on the one hand, the Evils of the West, on the other, Asiatic Despotism.


Microscopic description of the vacuum of a pure quantum chromodynamics (QCD) based on a class of regular stationary monopole-like solutions is presented. All solutions are stable against quantum gluon fluctuations in any small vicinity of each space-time point. It has been shown that microscopic structure of the vacuum at zero temperature is determined by a special subclass of Abelian magnetic solutions corresponding to a compact gauge group U_3(1)\times U_8(1). We estimate vacuum gluon condensates and masses of the lowest pure glueballs in the leading order approximation.


ABSTRACT: Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens as well as blood group related antigens were investigated in four newly established gestational choriocarcinoma cell lines (NaUCC‐1, −2, −3, and −4) using protein A and immune adherence assays. Antibodies to both monomorphic determinants of HLA class I antigens and β2 microglobulin reacted with all of the choriocarcinoma cell lines at levels equal to or much greater than SCH, which was teratoid choriocarcinoma cell line. Antibodies to polymorphic determinants not only of the patient's HLA type, but also of the husband's type, reacted to NaUCC‐1 and −2. These results indicated that all four newly established choriocarcinoma cell lines express class I HLA antigens. However, we could not demonstrate expression of class II antigens. No expression of blood group A and B antigens could be established, and binding of antibody to Rho(D) antigens was only positive in the NaUCC‐1 cell line. These results suggest that some choriocarcinoma cell lines actually express alloantigens and that choriocarcinomas have the character of transplanted tumors that have activities to induce transplantation immunity of the patients.


Theoscillations in the powerreflection coefficient as a functionof thenormalized slabvelocityareshownfor electromagnetic wavesobliquelyincidenton a relativisticallymovinguniaxialplasmaslabwith an infinitely strongmagneto-static field parallel to theslabboundaries. Thispaperalsosummarizes andconcludes thesequenceon thereflectionandtransmissionof electromagnetic wavesobliquely incidenton relativistically movinguniaxial andisotropic plasmaslabs.


Groups of red mice were injected intravenously with doses varying from 11 viable units to about 108 viable units of a virulent strain of M. tuberculosis grown in Dubos Tween medium and dispersed by means of ultrasonics. The course of the infection was determined by quantitative culture from the organs of animals killed at various times after the injection and by the survival times of animals that died spontaneously. Quantitative culture showed that the tubercle bacilli multiplied strongly in the organs during the first 2–3 weeks after the injection. Multiplication then ceased completely in liver, spleen and lungs; in the lymph glands the bacilli continued to multiply but at a very slow rate. After the period of initial multiplication, the number of bacteria in liver and spleen decreased gradually during the whole experimental period (1 year), although it varied considerably from animal to animal after the second month. In the lungs, the number remained almost constant in the animals injected with large doses, but in those given doses ≥ 104 viable units, it became reduced from the second month, and in some cases the bacteria disappeared completely. Total elimination of the bacteria was also observed in the liver and spleen of a few animals but never in the lymph glands. The mean survival times of animals injected with the four largest doses were prolonged from 81 to 310 days the smaller the dose. In the animals injected with doses ≥ 104 viable units, the mean survival times, which were independent of dosage, were not significantly different and not significantly less than those of a group of non-infected animals. The macroscopical tuberculous lesions were small in all groups. Enlargement of the spleen, slightly enlarged lymph glands and possibly tubercles in the lungs were the most frequent findings. The number of bacteria in the organs was large in all animals injected with the large doses, but only in about half of those given small doses.


Calcium ion concentration modulates the function of pyruvate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase. Previous studies have shown that despite its ability to affect the function of these dehydrogenases, [Ca2+] does not substantially alter mitochondrial ATP synthesis in vitro under physiological sub-strate conditions. We hypothesize that, rather than contributing to respiratory control, [Ca2+] governs fuel selection. Specifically, cardiac mitochondria are able to use different primary carbon substrates to synthesize ATP aerobically. To determine if and how [Ca2+] affects the relative use of carbohydrates versus fatty acids we measured oxygen consumption and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediate concentrations in suspensions of cardiac mitochondria with different combinations of pyruvate and palmitoyl-L-carnitine in the media at various [Ca2+] and ADP infusion rates. Results reveal that when both fatty acid and carbohydrate substrates are available, fuel selection is sensitive to both calcium and ATP synthesis rate. When no Ca2+ is added under low ATP-demand conditions, β-oxidation provides roughly half of acetyl-CoA for the citrate synthase reaction with the rest coming from the pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction. Under low demand conditions with increasing [Ca2+], the fuel utilization ratio shifts to increased fractional consumption of pyruvate, with 83±10% of acetyl-CoA derived from pyruvate at the highest [Ca2+] evaluated. With high ATP demand, the majority of acetyl-CoA is derived from pyruvate, regardless of the Ca2+ level. Our results suggest that changes in work rate alone are enough to effect a switch to carbohydrate use while in vivo the rate at which this switch happens may depend on mitochondrial calcium. Key Points Despite its effects on activity of mitochondrial dehydrogenases, Ca2+ does not substantially alter mitochondrial ATP synthesis in vitro under physiological substrate conditions. Nor does is appear to play an important role in respiratory control in vivo in the myocardium. We hypothesize that Ca2+ plays a role mediating the switch in fuel selection to increasing carbohydrate oxidation and decreasing fatty acid oxidation with increasing work rate. To determine if and how Ca2+ affects the relative use of carbohydrates versus fatty acids in vitro we measured oxygen consumption and TCA cycle intermediate concentrations in suspensions of purified rat ventricular mitochondria with carbohydrate, fatty acid, and mixed substrates at various [Ca2+] and ATP demand rates. Our results suggest that changes in work rate alone are enough to effect a switch to carbohydrate use in vitro while in vivo the rate at which this switch happens may depend on mitochondrial calcium.


This chapter focuses on western Scottish sculpture published in 2001. It provides attention to the remarkable similarity between Kermode's unprovenanced slab in Copenhagen and another at the Hebridean monastic site of Iona. The chapter discusses a brief classification of the carvings, with references to Irish and Scottish comparisons, in the Viking Congress paper on 'Cross-currents in North Atlantic Sculpture'. It also discusses early medieval sculpture from the Faroes with illustration. Encircled linear cross stone is now preserved in the massive stone-built undercroft of the medieval bishop's palace, below the timber hall or roykstova . Kermode published a photograph of a slab in Copenhagen, 'of uncertain provenance' but said to be of basalt like 'the other Faroe slabs'. It bears an outline Latin cross in a circle, which closely resembles that on a stone on Iona. Keywords: early medieval sculpture; Faroes; Kermode


The present invention relates to a or isolated P450 enzyme consists comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 80% identical to SEQ ID NO: 1, wherein the sequence comprises threonine at a position corresponding to position 225, and / or 289 at positions corresponding to positions related to P450 enzymes including aspartate mutations. The present invention relates an isolated nucleic acid comprising a sequence encoding said enzyme, a vector comprising said nucleic acid, and to host cells containing the nucleic acid or said vector. The method for preparing the enzyme, and a method for producing steroid hormone precursor using an enzyme or the host cell characterized in the present invention are also provided.


Traditionally, research and extension/development have existed as separate activities, usually in separate government institutions. Conventional wisdom has always seen research as generating techno...


ABSTRACT
Introduction: An increasing number of patients undergo surgery under local anesthesia and are therefore
awake during the procedure. Nursing care that is provided to these patients can differ from those that
receive general anesthesia. Previous research has focused on patients' general experiences of being awake
intraoperative. But there is no research that focuses on patients perceptions of security. Knowledge about
patients' perceptions of security is important in order to be able to adapt care that provides safety for the
patient.
Purpose: The purpose is to describe patients' intraoperative experiences of security during surgery under
local anesthesia.
Method: A qualitative design with interviews has been used. Data collection has been carried out at a
university hospital in western Sweden. In the pilot study, interviews were conducted on 4 respondents that
had been operated on under local anesthesia. Data analysis was based on hermeneutic phenomenological
research approach. Concepts of person, personalism and person-centered care have been highlighted and
put in relation to security.
Results: The analysis of patients' experiences of security intraoperatively led to five main themes with 2 -
3 subcategories in each theme. The main themes are trust in healthcare, security to the care environment,
to be a person, to be involved in your care and to have own beliefs about the intervention.
Conclusion: The results show that patients' perceptions of safety can be affected by various factors such
as the waiting time, care environment, their own beliefs and health professionals' attitudes. Health
professionals' attitude is a major contributing factor for the sense of security. Qualities of person-centered
care have emerged in which the importance of being seen as a person and be involved in your own care
has been described.


Butyl methacrylate/styrene copolymer was synthesized with butyl methacrylate and styrene monomer by suspension polymerization,with BPO as initiator.The spinning liquid was prepared by dissolving synthetic copolymer into dimethyl acetylamide(DMAc) and then spun into fibers.The fiber with absorption function was obtained.The methacrylate/styrene copolymer were characterized by FTIR and ~1H nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) spectrometer;The related performance of copolymer fiber were analysized by thermogravimetric analysis(TG),dynamic mechanical analysis(DMA) and single-wire power equipment.It showed that BMA/St_(70)/30 copolymer fiber which had better absorptive ability for specific kinds of oil was prepared had good performance.Its per gram methacrylate/styrene copolymer fiber saturated absorbency of kerosene,petroleumether,gasoline was 3.7 g kerosene/g copolymer fiber, 5.3 g petroleum/g copolymer fiber,4.1 g heptane/g copolymer fiber respectively.


Early approaches to building mosaics by composing photographic images, assume the input images have similar exposures. Since this is unlikely to happen in practice, it became common to compensate for different exposures in the blending step, after the images have been registered, or aligned. However, registration methods usually assume brightness constancy and fail to align images with different exposures. Recent approaches to this problem lead to computationally complex solutions that require either robust statistics or nonlinear optimization. In this paper we propose a computationally simple method to jointly estimate the registration parameters and the parameters describing the exposure correction, directly from the image intensity values. We obtain closed-form solutions for the estimates of the exposure parameters. This enables the derivation of a simple two-step iterative algorithm to minimize the global cost. Our experiments show that this algorithm succeeds to register real images exhibiting simultaneously very distinct orientations and exposures.


Carisbamate (RWJ-333369) is a novel neuromodulator and shows a broad spectrum antiepileptic activity. We suggest that this neuroprotection effect might act through the regulation of excitatory synaptic transmission on DG. Our research evaluated its effect on excitatory signal transmission to dentate gyrus (DG) granule cell in rat hippocampus slice by whole-cell patch clamp technique. Evoked AMPA/NMDA receptor-mediated excitatory postsynaptic currents (eEPSCAMPA/NMDA) were recorded by whole-cell patch-clamp recording from the granule cells of DG in brain slice preparation of young Wistar rats (60-120 g, P21). We also used paired-pulse stimulation, exogenous AMPA application and AMPA receptor-mediated miniature EPSC (mEPSCAMPA) recording to evaluate the effects of carisbamate. Our results showed that carisbamate inhibited eEPSCAMPA/NMDA in a concentration-dependent manner. The decrease of paired-pulse ratio in 100 mM at 50 and 100 ms interval suggests that carisbamate acts presynaptically to reduce AMPA-receptor mediated current from perforant pathway. The response to exogenous AMPA application and mEPSC recording in the presence of TTX also showed that carisbamate had no effect on AMPA receptor. Furthermore, L-type Ca2+ channel blocker didn't mask the reduction of eEPSCAMPA by 100 mM carisbamate. DG plays an important role in epilepsy, especially in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). The ability to regulate hippocampus is attenuated in TLE, which makes the seizure threshold lower. The inhibition of presynaptic glutamate release by carisbamate may contribute to its antiepileptic action.


Protracted exposure to radon is the leading environmental cause of cancer deaths in the United States. Family physicians play a key role in informing patients about the health risks.


Aquatic bryophytes are frequently used as biomonitors for trace metals in aquatic ecosystems. Nevertheless, their special characteristics also allow using them as biosorbents to clean industrial wastewaters. As biosorption is a low cost and effective method for treating metal-bearing wastewaters, understanding the kinetics process is relevant for design purposes. In this study, the performance of the aquatic bryophyte Fontinalis antipyretica for removing lead from simulated wastewaters has been evaluated. Three kinetic models (pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order and Elovich) were fitted to the experimental data and compared using a Test-F. Previously, the effect of parameters such as the initial solution pH, contact time and initial metal ion concentration, on biosorption was investigated. The initial pH of the solution was found to have an optimum value is in the range 4.0-6.0. The equilibrium sorption capacity of lead by Fontinalis antipyretica increased with the initial metal concentration. For an initial metal concentration of 10 mg L, the uptake capacity of the moss, at equilibrium, is 4.8 mg g. Nevertheless, when the initial concentration increases up to 100 mg L, the uptake of lead is 10 times higher. The pseudo-second order biosorption kinetics provided the better correlation with the experimental data ) 00 . 1 ( 2 = R . The applicability of the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms for the present system was tested. The maximum sorption capacity of mosses was 68 mg g.


With the stringent requirements on image placement (IP) errors in the sub-65 nm regime, all sources of mask distortion during fabrication and usage must be minimized or corrected. For extreme ultraviolet lithography, the nonflatness of the mask is critical as well, due to the nontelecentric illumination during exposure. This paper outlines a procedure to predict the IP errors induced on the mask during the fabrication processing, e-beam tool chucking, and exposure tool chucking. Finite element (FE) models are used to simulate the out-of-plane and in-plane distortions at each loading step. The FE results are compiled to produce a set of Correction Tables that can be implemented during e-beam writing to compensate for these distortions and significantly increase IP accuracy.


In a globalized, intercommunicate and interdependent world, the role played by en- terprises has been growing increasingly, having in some cases surpassed the budget of some states. Within this context, a more and more critical attitude in the international realm has emerged towards these enterprises as a result of the overwhelming con- sumption of resources and the impact of their activities on the future of the Earth. There emerged an important involvement of organisms, such as the UU.NN, OECD and ILO, to establish a guide for enterprises to join voluntarily. Over time, this new philosophy progressively became a norm in the form of responsibilities, in some cases through legal systems and, in others, through the codes of good governance of the most liable enterprises. It is in this sphere of willingness where the ESR works. On the continent, the European Union has envisaged the ESR as a process that can play an important role in the improvement of competitiveness, labor relationships, technology innovation and job creation, which are essential elements to overcome the economic crisis in which we find ourselves currently. Spain has been a leading country in ESR matters, having approved its strategy this past 24th of October. And the Guardia Civil, social referent by virtue of the trust it inspires in the citizenry, wants to join this new model to manage public affairs, submitting itself voluntarily to the management of its operations in sight of social demands, taking care of and respecting the environment, as well as intensifying its relationships with internal and external stakeholders.


Comics offer distinctive approaches to representing experience, combining the modalities of the visual and the verbal in compatible ways. In his Carnet de Voyage – created during a trip publicising Blankets (2003) and researching for Habibi (2011), and later published as 'a little snack' to cover the long wait between these books – Craig Thompson uses a range of approaches to render his travel experience in words and pictures, ranging from the recognisably comics-like to more diaristic and sketchbook modes, similar to carnets published by l'Association. This article uses Thompson's Carnet to illustrate a variety of ways in which human experience, internal and external, is construed in images as in language, and how those modes interact. I employ a framework for describing how experience can be rendered in graphic narrative, based on a Hallidayan functional model of language similar to that explored in Kress & van Leeuwen's Reading Images and O'Toole's The Language of Displayed Art.


High latency, network congestion and network bottleneck are some of problems in cloud computing. Moving from centralized to decentralized paradigm, Edge computing could offload the processing to the edge which indirectly reduces application response time and improves overall user experience. This paper evaluate Docker, a container based technology as a platform for Edge Computing. 4 fundamental criteria were evaluated 1) deployment and termination, 2) resource & service management, 3) fault tolerance and 4) caching. Based on our evaluation and experiment Docker provides fast deployment, small footprint and good performance which make it potentially a viable Edge Computing platform.


This work shows three cases of scholar coexistence, where exclusion and inclusion are present. The first ones are analyzed from the stigma concept, in one from authority and legality concept, and the other one from the Social Participation Structure (EPS) during communicative interaction within the classroom. Both cases try to illustrate contradictions in the way of develop competences. On the final case we propose a strategy where inclusion is valued from parental participation and professional involvement.


Over thirty years ago the first reports on capacitation were made 1, when sperm injected into the ovarian capsule of the rat or oviduct of the rabbit were observed not to be immediately capable of penetrating the egg. In the ensuing three decades research has focused on both the physiological and morphological aspects of this rather remarkable endogenous change of the spermatozoon. Numerous review articles have appeared3-s during the last ten years and the reader is referred to these for more extensive discussions and background material. This paper will focus on more recent research that clearly indicates that capacitation is a membrane phenomenon consisting of several distinct but related steps. Perhaps the key to an understanding of capacitation is the realization that it is imposed on the basic parameters of fertilization so that the sperm's ability to fertilize the egg occurs at the proper time and place. A prerequisite of fertilization is the acrosome reaction 7 , 9 . lo which releases acrosomal enzymes, allowing the spermatozoon to penetrate the zona pellucida and eventually to fuse with the egg. Consequently, capacitation could control the timing of sperm-egg interaction via control of the acrosome reaction. In fact, the changes observed to be concomitant with capacitation are probably directly related to preparing for the fusion of the sperm plasma membrane and outer acrosomal membrane rather than for sperm-egg fusion. However, changes in the sperm's equatorial and postacrosomal regions resulting from the acrosome reaction and/ or capacitation must still be seriously considered in any general description of capacitation since these regions are involved in sperm-egg fusion.


This paper examines the typology of the ordering of contrastive elements. It is shown first that languages including English, French, Italian, Japanese and Georgian ban a contrastively focused object from preceding a contrastive topic subject. It is further observed that among these languages, only English and French allow a contrastively focused subject to precede a contrastive topic object. In order to explain this typology, an extended version of Contiguity Theory is proposed. The account is further compared with some other potential alternative accounts and argued to be a more desirable account than them, with some additional empirical virtues.


Some regard sight interpreting as the transitional period from consecutive interpreting to simultaneous interpreting.Some include sight interpreting skill into simultaneous interpreting training.The functions of sight interpreting are to help trainees expand knowledge in different fields,master the skill of segmentation and strengthen the ability of interpreting.These correspond with the basic requirements of consecutive interpreting.Therefore,the author proposes that sight interpreting training should be included into consecutive interpreting teaching.


The process of managing uncertainties opens up opportunities for learners to productively engage with the content and disciplinary practices. However, the way learners manage uncertainties might play a role in their process of making intellectual progress. In this paper, we present two cases where groups of students solved an engineering design problem in teams. Using "Productive Disciplinary Engagement" as our analytical lens, we investigated that how does the quality of the disciplinary and collaborative engagements of the teams varied while they managed design uncertainties collaboratively. The results give valuable insights into the nature of the uncertainty management processes of the teams and what support might be required to make the process of uncertainty management productive in collaborative settings.


In an attempt to assess long-term effects of clearcutting on oribatid mite populations, oribatid species diversity and distribution were examined in three different aged forest stands (old - uncut, 60 years and 40 years old regrowth) within balsam fir (Abies balsamea) - fern (Dryopteris) (FD) and a balsam fir - horsetail (Equisetum) (FE) forest types. A total of 360 and 120 soil samples (10 cm x 10 cm x 10 cm) were taken from the two forest types, respectively. Each sample was subsequently divided into upper and lower 5 cm halves to assess vertical distribution of mites. Both species diversity and abundance decreased with increasing soil depth. In addition, relative abundances of smaller oribatid species such as Oppiella washburni and Suctobelbella spp. increased in the lower layers whereas larger species such as Parachipteria travei decreased. -- A series of microhabitat samples were also collected in the balsam fir - fern forest to include as many oribatid species as possible. One species, Eueremaeus marshalli, occured only in microhabitat samples. Average abundances of oribatid mites per sample ranged from 344 to 1894 in FD and from 501 to 886 in FE forest types. -- In total, 91 species representing 41 families were collected including 17 new generic and 35 new species records for Newfoundland. Haplozetes sp. was also collected representing a new genus record for Canada. The ecology of all species collected is described. The number of species occurring in any one site ranged from 55 to 65 in the FD sites and from 51 to 59 in the FE sites. Populations in both forest types were dominated by the same common species: Eniochthonius minutissimus, Synchthonius crenulatus, Steganacarus thoreani, Nanhermannia bryophila, Tectocepheus velatus, Oppiella washburni, Suctobelbella spp. and Parachipteria travei. Several species were collected from only one forest type and may be useful indicators of differing environmental conditions. In particular, Epidamaeus longitarsalis, Eupterotegaeus sp., Fuscozetes setosus and Dentachipteria sp. were characteristic of FD sites whereas Gozmanyina majestus, Ceratozetes gracilis, Sphaerozetes arcticus, Eupelops sp. and Propelops canadensis were characteristic of FE sites. -- Separation of the sample sites through cluster and TWINSPAN analysis indicated differences in species diversity and relative abundances between age classes of both FD and FE forests. However, this separation was most pronounced between the sites of FD forest. Species richness and diversity tended to be highest in the forty year old sites of the FD forest and in the old sites of the FE forest. -- Oribatid population data from the FD forest was further assessed in relation to soil and vegetation data from the sites using principle components and discriminant function analysis. This indicated that different forest ages were associated with different soil and vegetation characters as well as different mite species. -- Long-term effects of clearcutting vary between forest types and are more obvious in species diversity and relative abundances than in total oribatid abundances. These variations in oribatid community structure between the forest age classes are apparently related to successional changes in the maturing forests.


The Kibali district in the Democratic Republic of Congo hosts the large Karagba-Chaffeur-Durba (KCD) deposit and smaller satellite deposits that together contained 20 million ounces (Moz) of gold when mining recommenced in 2013. An additional 3 Moz of gold was probably mined from the district before 2013.
 Gold deposits in the Kibali district are located along the KZ trend, a series of folds, contractional shear zones, and altered lithostratigraphic units that coincide with the margin of an earlier 2630 to 2625 Ma intraorogenic basin within the Neoarchean Moto belt. Fluids first responsible for barren carbonate-quartz-sericite alteration, and later for siderite and/or ankerite (±quartz, magnetite, pyrite, and/or chlorite) alteration with associated auriferous pyrite ± rare arsenopyrite veinlets, infiltrated and replaced the siliciclastic, banded iron formation (BIF), and chert host rocks via fold axes, shear zones, and reactive BIF horizons. The complex shape and gentle northeast plunge of the lodes across the Kibali district reflect the shape and plunge of coincident folds that formed during early barren alteration. Many other folded BIF horizons across the wider Moto belt remain barren or only weakly mineralized, suggesting deep extensional structures that may have developed in the vicinity of the KZ trend during basin opening and prior to gold mineralization, were important fluid pathways during later contractional deformation and mineralization.


Software cost estimates become more accurate as more information becomes available, but are needed early for business case analyses, bids, and resource management. Use Case Points satisfy the ability to make software size estimates early in the lifecycle because they only require understanding how an actor will use the system. Though Use Case Points are easy to calculate, they might over-simplify a project's size and lead to inaccurate estimates. The Use Case Points method has also been heavily criticized for its technical and environmental factors, since they were not calibrated and verified with data. COCOMO(R) II possesses a rich knowledge base of factors that were calibrated and verified with data and expert judgment. Calculating and calibrating an effort model on Unified Code Count (UCC)'s project set using COCOMO(R) II's parameters and Use Case Points needed an additional relative difficulty factor for greatly improved effort estimates.


Correction for 'An ingenious Ni/Ce co-doped titanate based perovskite as a coking-tolerant anode material for direct hydrocarbon solid oxide fuel cells' by Yi-Fei Sun et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2015, 3, 22830–22838.


Photovoltaic research activities are related to material innovation that can be obtained at a comparatively low cost. Semiconductor p-type multi-crystalline Czochralskyc (CZ)-grown silicon wafers were used in this study. The effects of front surface recombination velocities and base thickness in solar cells' quantum efficiency are theoretically calculated. The results denote that both the surface recombination velocities and the base widths significantly impact the quantum efficiency. The results are of universal technical importance in designing solar cells and their surface structures. The main goal of this paper was to confirm the validity of the above theoretical calculations; for this purpose, silicon solar cells with front-thin porous silicon and rear interdigitated contact have been produced. A good agreement was obtained between experimentally obtained solar cells' quantum efficiency data and the theoretical results. Therefore, the quantum efficiency of the mc-Si solar cells with porous silicon and rear interdigitated contact was enhanced up to 25% at 580–1100 nm wavelength range and up to 50% at short wavelength (400–570 nm), compared to reference mc-Si solar cells. The obtained results indicate that the rear interdigitated contact maximizes the surface area of the metal contact and improves the current collection. At the same time, the porous silicon layer passivates the front surface and reduces recombination losses.


The subtropical coral reefs of Moreton Bay support a rich diversity of corals and microbenthic organisms. These high-latitude reef communities exist in marginal environments that include relatively cooler, more light-limited, and more variable environmental conditions than those in the tropics. Holocene reef coral communities formed episodically over the Bay's 7000-year history, with a high degree of persistence in community structure and reef accretion rate until European colonisation of the Queensland coastline. However, during the most recent phase of the Bay's reef development, reductions in water quality have transformed the Bay's coral assemblages from predominantly large, fast-growing and branching acroporid corals to predominantly slower growing and smaller massive corals. The modern composition and diversity of benthic foraminiferal and micro-molluscan communities is driven mainly by substrate and water-quality parameters and shows a striking gradient from the variable and stressed water conditions of the western Bay to the more open-marine higher water quality habitats of the eastern Bay, including Myora Reef. Episodic changes also occurred in the Holocene benthic microfaunal composition, confirming the fluctuating nature of the Bay's marine environments. Recent increases in foraminifera diversity and symbiont-bearing taxa signals a subtle improvement in water quality from the 1970s to 2008; however, for micro-gastropods, comparisons between fossil and modern death assemblages illustrate a decline in the condition of modern Bay habitats. The Holocene variation in the taxonomic composition and diversity of coral and micro-benthic assemblages of Moreton Bay reveals a history of recovery and rapid reef growth. Rapid recovery may still be possible if the causes of anthropogenic degradation are reversed and for this the highest priority is to reduce sediment and nutrient delivery into the Bay's marine habitats.


Immunocytochemistry and immunogold techniques were employed to classify and localize the cell producing growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) in the pars distalis of the mountain frog (Rana blythii) pituitary. The pituitary glands obtained from mature frogs during the breeding season (November-February) were fixed in Bouin's fluids for an immunocytochemical study, and in 0.2% glutaraldehyde, 2% paraformaldehyde, and 0.5% picric acid in 0.05M Millonig's phosphate buffer pH 7.4 at 4 o C for an immunogold study. By immunocytochemical study, GH immunoreactive cells appeared as round or oval shaped, concentrated mainly in the dorso-posterior region of pars distalis. PRL immunoreactive cells were elongated in shape and scattered throughout the pars distalis. By immunogold technique, GH cells were identified by the presence of lipid droplets and contained three types of granules; round-shaped (356.2±4.1 nm in diameter), rod-shaped (196.1±4.1 nm in width and 345.6±5.3 nm in length), and irregular shaped (139.5-310.8 nm in width and 223.3-459.7 nm in length). PRL cells exhibited round granules of moderate electron density (355.2±5.3 nm in diameter).


Amaranthus cruentus L (purple amaranth) is grown in the United States of America and since amaranth grains contain 62 % of starch and about 14—16 % of proteins it is used as an ingredient in some foods such as puddings, soups, salad dressings. The nu trient composition of amaranth grains — total pro tein, its amino acids, as well as minerals and vita mins, has been comparable or even better than that of common cereal grains [1]. There are only a few reports on isolation and some of the properties of starch from amaranthus grains, therefore, as a part of our studies on alternative starch sources, investigation on the physicochemical and pasting properties and amylolytic susceptibility monitoring the structure of branching part of starch seemed to be worthwhile.


The relationship between health and traffic pollution was studied in Bristol and adjacent areas of the UK in winter 1999-2000 using data on the respiratory health of asthmatic primary school children. Fine particles, nitrogen dioxide and weather conditions were monitored. During the study the average levels of pollution were within the standards for national air quality. Study days with the highest pollution did not exceed the moderate category for UK air pollution banding. Fine particles and nitrogen dioxide emissions peaked together during pollution events except during early February and early March when fine particle pollution was high and nitrogen dioxide pollution was not, indicating another source for fine particles. Many of the risk factors for asthma were higher in the study children and their families than in control children and families. Data for 1999 were compounded by an influenza epidemic. Data for 2000 showed that Ventolin inhaler use by children was statistically significantly related to both fine particles and nitrogen dioxide concentrations. The effects were most noticeable 1-3 days after pollution for children with a family history of asthma and 4-7 days for children without a family history of asthma. Nitrogen dioxide asthma response was more closely linked with vehicles than with particulates. The response to nitrogen dioxide and particulates occurred over a wide area. Inhaler use was not dependant on living in close proximity to traffic. Low wind speeds exacerbated pollution episodes. For the covering abstract see ITRD E111961.


Having the knowledge of strongpoints and shortcomings of naphthalene series water reducer (N water reducer) and amino sulfonate water reducer (A water reducer), we compounded the two water reducers and studied fluidity, fluidity loss, concrete slump and slump loss of concrete paste with N reducer and A reducer added in different proportion. The result shows that compounding N and A water reducer can overcome the bad slump retention of N water reducer and the shortcoming of inclining to bleed of A water reducer, if the proportion of N and A water reducer is 8∶2 ~ 5∶5, fluidity and slump of the concrete paste both are perfect and the loss are little.


The water vapor absorption line resulting from the rotational transition ${5}_{\ensuremath{-}1}$-${6}_{\ensuremath{-}5}$ has been investigated experimentally. Radiation is fed into an air-filled cubical copper cavity 8 ft. on an edge. Strings of thermocouples with alternate junctions coated with a "lossy" material are placed at random in the cavity. The e.m.f. of these thermocouples is proportional to the $Q$ of the cavity and its contents. With the total pressure inside the cavity at one atmosphere, the partial pressure of the water vapor is varied from 1 mm to 55 mm of Hg. A measurement of the change in e.m.f. with humidity yields a value for the losses in the water vapor, provided the $Q$ of the cavity is known. This quantity may be determined from additional measurements taken with an aperture opened in the side of the cavity. The wave-length range between 0.7 cm and 1.7 cm has been explored. Results indicate a peak at $\stackrel{\ifmmode \tilde{}\else \~{}\fi{}}{\ensuremath{\nu}}=0.744\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.005$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, corresponding to a wave-length $\ensuremath{\lambda}=1.34$ cm. The absorption line is broadened as the water vapor density is increased. At very low density, the half-width of the curve (half-width at half-height) is 0.087\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.01 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, while the corresponding value for a density of 50 gram/${\mathrm{meter}}^{3}$ is 0.107\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.01 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. The cross section for a water-water collision must be nearly 5 times that for a water-air collision to account for this change in half-width with vapor density. The attenuation at the peak is 0.025 db per kilometer for 1 gram of water vapor per cubic meter.


In this paper, the formulation research, performance evaluating and application of incendiary agents of rare-earth alloys are described. The incendiary agents of rare-earth alloys has been developed with the advantages of high combustion temperature, high thermal value, good stability, and moderate ignition point as well as good penetrating ability so that it can be used for various military purposes with fuel system, and other combustibles.


The Thayer School of Engineering at Dartmouth College was founded in 1867 with the goal of producing engineers educated in the liberal arts as well as thoroughly trained in technical subjects. Since the mid-1960s, the founding vision has been implemented as a Bachelor of Arts (A.B.) program in engineering sciences, followed by a fifth year leading to the Bachelor of Engineering (B.E.) degree. About half of the courses taken for the A.B. are humanities, social sciences, or free electives. The major proper features an interdisciplinary approach to engineering sciences and numerous team design experiences. Students can modify the major with another science, economics, or studio art. Most graduates complete the ABET-accredited B.E. program, but a considerable number go from the A.B. to graduate studies in business, medicine, or law as well as engineering. This paper describes the philosophy, implementation, and outcomes of Dartmouth's A.B. program in engineering sciences


In recent years, metal corrosion causes serious threats to the economy of the world and the living environment. Hence, it is very important to seek non-toxic and environmentally friendly materials with metal anti-corrosion properties for the sustainable development of society. The barrier properties of graphene oxide (GO) and the special electrochemical property of polyaniline (PANI) can significantly improve the corrosion resistance of metals. Herein, we developed an in-situ polymerization method to prepare graphene oxide/polyaniline (GO/PANI) nanocomposites with unique anti-corrosion properties. The obtained GO/PANI nanocomposites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermalgravimetric analysis, UV–vis spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The as-prepared composite materials were uniformly dispersed in epoxy resin to prepare anticorrosive coatings and coated on the surface of steel. The anti-corrosion performance of the coatings was measured by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization technique. The EIS results showed that the total impedance of epoxy/GO/PANI coatings is greater than epoxy/PANII coatings, and the impedance module value can reach 8.67 × 108 Ω·cm2. In general, it is concluded that the anti-corrosion performance of GO/PANI coating is significantly higher than PANI coating and pure GO coating.


Upon thinking of terrorist organizations, one may conceptualize violent attacks, extremist ideologies, member radicalization, or deadly weapons. The commonality amongst these terrorist functions is that they all need money to exist. Rather than focusing on terrorist functions, the United States' counterterrorism efforts should focus on terrorist financing––the enabling source of terrorist organizations. Although the United States has established a Combating the Financing of Terrorism (CFT) legal framework, the substantive law is an inadequate response to the unique––and evolving––threat of terrorist financing. From the Bank Secrecy Act of 1970 to the Anti-Money Laundering Act of 2021 (AMLA), CFT efforts have been couched within financial legislation that rely on the formal financial system to target money laundering. Although the AMLA is a partial response to the CFT framework's deficiencies, several issues remain unaddressed, such as the financing of domestic terrorism and the increasing use of cryptocurrency in terrorist financing. This paper proposes an innovative CFT framework specifically and solely tailored to the complexity of terrorist financing. This framework prioritizes a global approach, provides a preemptive response to the sourcing of terrorist funds, and responds to the informal loopholes that terrorist organizations use to process funds outside of the formal financial system. CENTER ON LAW, ETHICS AND NATIONAL SECURITY NO. 14 1


The history of rural landownership at the village level has been dominated by a series of particular problems. At one end of the spectrum the process of estate-building by gentry and aristocracy, the transition from feudal manorial tenures to compact tenanted estates, and the creation of 'closed' or estate villages, has been relatively well documented. At the other the 'problem' of the disappearance of the small landowner, prompted a century ago as the rural tradition began to become a minority interest, has shifted away from its original focus on the owner-occupied family farm. It has increasingly concentrated on the fate of the smallholder and cottager and more recently on the interplay of landownership and common rights. This particular emphasis has tended to narrow research to the post-1780 parliamentary enclosure period where sources such as land tax, enclosure awards, and tithe returns make nominal linkages more feasible at a lower wealth level in society, and on a year-to-year basis. This article concentrates not on the smallholder and cottager, but on the farming community – men (and occasionally women) making a living from holdings of 30 acres, or one to one and a half yardlands and upwards – and the choices and decisions they faced owning or tenanting lands. It examines the literature concerning communities in a broad band of central England south of the Pennines and north of the Thames. Detailed examples will be taken from mid- and northern-Buckinghamshire villages, an area of open fields but early and piecemeal enclosure, in the years between 1620 and 1800.


In this work, the relationship of sheet resistance (RS) with tilt angle was investigated on a 300mm high current ion implanter. Angle accuracy and tool matching were firstly checked. Then the wafers were implanted with the same species/energy/dose and different tilt angles ranging from -10 degree to +40 degree. After that, all the wafers were annealed under the same process condition. Then RS was measured, and its relationship with tilt angle was studied. It was found that the sensitivity of RS to tilt angle was changed significantly in different tilt angle region. Based on the measured data, potential applications were discussed for the implantation process with different tilt angles.


Posture plays a fundamental role in the knowledge which the operator has of his work space and in the gauging of the actions he performs there. Seen in this light, posture is a means of constructing a spatial reference and a spatial reference in itself. Some results of experiments and others obtained at the workplaces show a relation between speed and precision required for the task and postural immobility. Postural immobilization for a period of several hours is poorly tolerated and has serious consequences: it explains the neck, shoulder and back pains frequently experienced in these situations. These consequences, combined with the constraints of speed and precision, make such jobs unsuitable for persons above a certain age.


and preserved reflexes despite characteristic cerebrospinal fluid and nerve conduction study finding. Moulin et al, in a study of pain in GuiUain-Barr6 syndrome, observed a high incidence of acute back and leg pain exacerbated by straight leg raising. 18 This finding implies nerve root inflammation and is probably the equivalent of the meningeal signs documented in four of our patients. Lumbosacral nerve root enhancement with gadolinium is observed in most patients with GuiUain-Barr6 syndrome and correlates with the presence of severe back and ieg pain.--&dquo; Possible mechanisms of meningeal or nerve root irritation in Guillain-Barr6 syndrome include the release of effectors or by-products of immune-mediated nerve root demyelination into the subarachnoid space or irritation of the nervi nervorum.zo In conclusion, with this report, we emphasize that the pseudomeningoencephalitic presentation should be recognized as part of the clinical spectrum in pediatric GuillainBarr6 syndrome to avoid delay in diagnosis and appropriate


In the manufacture of stainless steel of the high chromium type, axial
cracking or porosity in ingots and ghost lines in forged billets were frequently
encountered. It is shown that these two kinds of defects are of the same origin,
 billets made from ingots free from axial cracking were also immune from ghost
lines.
 The formation of axial cracking in ingots occurs during solidification, there-
fore cooling conditions which affect the interval of solidification must play an
important role in assessing the extent of cracking. The use of refractory ingot-
mould led to complete immunization of axial cracking, whereas the adoption of
other alternative means such as increasing the tapering of the ingot or decreasing
the wall thickness of the ingot-mould was not so effective.
 To certain extents axial cracking in ingots or ghost lines in billets were
associated with the presence of nonmetallic inclusions in steel. Through an im-
provement of deoxidation procedure during smelting, the nature and the distri-
bution of inclusions were favourably changed. This, supplemented by the adoption
of thin-walled ingot-mould, has been tried in works practice, the severity of axial
cracking in ingots or ghost lines in billets being greatly lessened. It is considered
that the fluidity and surface tension of liquid steel may vary with the amount,
the nature and the shape of inclusions present, any change in the latter which
will lead to an improvement of the filling properties of the liquid steel must have
a favourable influence towards the immunization of solidification defects.
 Smelting and casting in vacuum below certain pressure range resulted in per-
fectly sound ingots, such ingots showed an external zone of columnar crystals
much smaller than those smelted and cast under similar conditions but in air.
There may be many reasons for the above observation, for example, vacuum pro-
motes degasification, the transfer of heat between ingot and mould is altered by
vacuum, the properties of the liquid steel in vacuum and in air are different, etc.
Some of these problems undoubtedly deserve further investigation. In the mean-
time, it can be said that vacuum smelting and casting appear to be the best
method to ensure the production of high quality stainless steel.


The digital control system of the die shear in hot finishing line is introduced. The control algorithm and its digitalization are also presented. Based on two layers of industry network, the production process control is efficiently achieved. The actual running shows a good technical performance.


A combined linkage analysis was performed in 1435 multiplex families with 1636 affected sibpairs. In addition to the HLA region (IDDM1, on chromosome 6p21), nine non-HLA-linked regions showed evidence of linkage to type 1 diabetes, including three at (or very close to) genome-wide significance (2q31–q33, 10p14–q11, 16q22–q24), as well as evidence supporting linkage for the 6q21 region. As one of the largest studies ever performed, this work provides significant information in favour of susceptibility loci on these chromosome regions but fails to support some previously suggested locations. It clearly illustrates the importance of such large multicase family genome scans for delineating the precise loci to be further explored.


Marriage is an affection bond between a man and woman as husband and wife with aim to build a happy household and eternal based on Gods' blessing. Basically in a marriage a man only have one right to get married with a woman and vice versa a girl only have one right to get married as well. However the court can give the permission letter to a husband to get more marriage with other woman if related parties accepted it. The problems were 1) what's kinds of factors the husband get more married (polygamy) at Islamic state court at class A Padang, 2) what's judges' consideration in make a decision to solve the permit to have polygamy at Islamic state court at class A Padang. Method of this research used sociology law based on primary data and secondary by the data collection technique used interview and documentation study. From the study result found that the precondition for a husband get permit to get married was: if his wife have permanent chronic disease, unfertile, and husbands' desire to get remarried without getting divorce his previous wife. The consideration of judge in accept or not accept the application of getting permit to get more married or polygamy was if an alternative condition and cumulative has already been fulfilled and true of the fact on the courtyard. Keywords: Application, Permit, Poligamy


The Three-Gorges area, as mentioned in a famous Chinese classic work in Tang Dynasty, refers to the present mountainous areas of Dabashan, Wulingshan and Daloushan. It is one of the important regions in southwestern China where ancient trees of tea species (Camellia sinensis) are discovered and represents the native place of the Chinese tea-drinking culture. On-the-spot investigations and documentation study of the ancient tea trees, unearthed tea-related relics (including tea sets), and the history of tea drinking and the present tea-eating customs of the local ethnic groups have cast a new light on the origin and evolution of the tea-eating customs of the ethnic groups there, traced the development of the tea-eating customs of the ancient Ba people to the current tea customs of the local ethnic groups, and revealed their relationship with the tea-drinking culture of the Hans. Investigations of the ingredients of Dayou Cha (or fried tea) in the Three-Gorges area and its preparation methods and analysis of its main nutritional and functional components were made to lay a scientific foundation for the commercialization of "tea foods".


Research purposes: In this paper,a new method for analyzing loess slope stability is proposed,with which the vertical joints character of loess can be calculated.Using ABAQUS software and finite element method,the analysis of the loess slope is made through numerical simulation,and the calculation is made on the parameters of the joints and crack inner of rock or soil in the course of stability analysis of loess slope.Research conclusions:This paper utilizes the finite element method to analysis the stability of loess slope,which can consider the vertical joints of loess slope.Compared with limit equilibrium method,the finite element method is much better in analysis of loess slope stability.The calculation example shows that the joint material model in ABAQUS is suitable for loess slope and ABAQUS finite element software applies to the study on stability of loess slope.


In inverter-converter driving systems for AC electric cars, the DC input voltage of an inverter contains a ripple component with a frequency that is twice as high as the line voltage frequency, because of a single-phase converter. The ripple component of the inverter input voltage causes pulsations on torques and currents of driving motors. To decrease the pulsations, a beat-less control method, which modifies a slip frequency depending on the ripple component, is applied to the inverter control. In the present paper, the beat-less control method was analyzed in the frequency domain. In the first step of the analysis, transfer functions, which revealed the relationship among the ripple component of the inverter input voltage, the slip frequency, the motor torque pulsation and the current pulsation, were derived with a synchronous rotating model of induction motors. An analysis model of the beat-less control method was then constructed using the transfer functions. The optimal setting of the control method was obtained according to the analysis model. The transfer functions and the analysis model were verified through simulations.


Estimation techniques for predicting population growth and fertility are discussed, and a mathematical model is developed. (SUMMARY IN ENG AND RUS)


A simple, rapid, accurate and precise stability-indicating HPLC method was developed and validated for the determination of Ticagrelor in bulk and its tablet dosage forms. Separation of the drug was achieved on Hypersil BDS C18 column (100 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 µ) as stationary phase with mobile phase consisting of phosphate buffer pH 3.0 and acetonitrile in the ratio of 70: 30 V/V. The method showed a good linear response in the concentration range of 22.5-135 µg/mL with correlation coefficient of 0.999. The flow rate was maintained at 1.0 mL/min and effluents were monitored at 254 nm. The retention time was 3.215 min. The percentage assay of Ticagrelor was 99.9%. The method was statistically validated for accuracy, precision, linearity, ruggedness, robustness, solution stability, selectivity and forced degradation studies. The results obtained in the study were within the limits of ICH guidelines and hence this method can be used for the determination of Ticagrelor in pharmaceutical dosage forms.


1. Feeding behaviour of generalist and specialist predators is determined by a variety of trophic adaptations. Specialised prey‐capture adaptations allow specialists to catch relatively large prey on a regular basis. As a result, specialists might be adapted to exploit each item of prey more thoroughly than do generalists.


The new high precision Law Dome ice core record of CO 2 and δ 13 CO 2 is used with a 1-D global carbon cycle model to investigate natural variability in the carbon cycle and the anthropogenic CO 2 perturbation, focusing on variations on time-scales of centuries. A major feature of the ice core record is the decrease in CO 2 , and increase in δ 13 C, through the ''Little Ice Age'′ period (roughly 1550–1800). We show that this observed decrease in CO 2 is consistent with the effect of decreased temperature on either terrestrial or oceanic exchange, however the increase in δ 13 C favors a terrestrial response to cooling. We perform single deconvolution model calculations which generally give good agreement with observed variations in CO 2 , δ 13 C and Δ 14 C data for different reservoirs and due to both natural and anthropogenic causes. The fit to prebomb Δ 14 C is improved by using an ice core 10 Be record to represent the natural production of 14 C due to cosmic rays, however, the uncertainties in interpreting the 10 Be are as yet too large to use prebomb Δ 14 C to better constrain the model parameters. DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0889.1999.t01-1-00009.x


This paper presents a second-order heavy traffic analysis of a single server queue that processes customers having deadlines using the earliest-deadline-first scheduling policy. For such systems, referred to as real-time queueing systems, performance is measured by the fraction of customers who meet their deadline, rather than more traditional performance measures, such as customer delay, queue length or server utilization. To model such systems, one must keep track of customer lead times (the time remaining until a customer deadline elapses) or equivalent information. This paper reviews the earlier heavy traffic analysis of such systems that provided approximations to the system's behavior. The main result of this paper is the development of a second-order analysis that gives the accuracy of the approximations and the rate of convergence of the sequence of real-time queueing systems to its heavy traffic limit.


Delirium is a syndrome of acute brain dysfunction that occurs frequently in critically ill patients and encompasses a wide array of clinical manifestations.(1,2) Although there has been a significant increase in the number of studies regarding the pathophysiology, epidemiology, outcomes and even clinical trials involving patients with delirium, surveys demonstrate that this condition remains underdiagnosed worldwide.(3,4) Considering that delirium is identified in more than 80% of mechanically ventilated patients(2) and is associated with increased mortality and long-term cognitive impairment,(5) how do we account for the failure to diagnose this important syndrome? Several factors must be considered. 1 Physicians do not know enough about delirium Several surveys have evaluated the knowledge of healthcare professionals about delirium; the results have demonstrated that, although the overall knowledge about the diagnosis and management of delirium has increased over the past decade,(4,6) it is still insufficient considering the elevated frequency and the health and social burdens represented by this condition. For example, recent surveys demonstrate that up to 90% of respondents believe that hyperactivity and hallucinations are necessary features for the diagnosis of delirium 2 Validated delirium-screening tools are not implemented in most intensive care units Reliance on a clinical impression may cause healthcare professionals to overlook up to two-thirds of cases of delirium, most likely due to emphasis on its hyperactive presentation. By contrast, improved rates of delirium identification may be achieved using a validated scale. Although several scales are available, the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU) and the Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist (ICDSC) are the most frequently employed, and both have been validated in Portuguese.(7) These scales are reproducible and accurately identify delirium.(8) Portuguese versions are easily available on a free-access, educational website (www.icudelirium.org), including a validated short version of the CAM-ICU (named "flowsheet"). Nonetheless, there remains a significant gap between the available evidence and clinical practice; moreover, studies demonstrate that routine implementation of validated delirium scales occurs in less than half of intensive care unit patients.(3) 3 Clinicians do not know what to do when delirium is diagnosed A relevant issue is that physicians frequently state that they "do not know what to do" when a patient is diagnosed with delirium, and this is especially true with the hypoactive subgroup. This perception generates skepticism with respect to the utility of delirium screening. Whereas pharmacologic Jorge Ibrain de Figueira Salluh1,2, Robert David Stevens3


In this research, we investigated the complex relationship between Islamic religious beliefs and corporate social responsibility (CSR) attitudes and behaviour. We defined four aspects of religiosity, four types of individual attitudes toward CSR, and five types of CSR behaviour. The empirical analysis of the responses of 274 questionnaires showed that there is a very different picture of the Islamic religiosity of the Egyptian managers, with low correlations between the cognitive, intrinsic, extrinsic, and behavioural aspects of religiosity. The results show that there are significant and negative impacts of Islamic religious beliefs on various types of CSR attitudes and behaviour. The joint mediating role of attitudes toward CSR is almost non-existent and Islamic religious beliefs exert a direct impact on CSR behaviour. Our findings offer important implications for CSR scholars to use a multidimensional measure to assess the religious beliefs of managers and their impacts on CSR attitudes. These findings also enhance business managers' awareness of the interconnection of religiosity and CSR.


In silicon deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) using inductively coupled plasma (ICP) etcher,a narrow trench with a width of several micrometers usually shows positively tapered profile, which means that the width of the etched trench decreases with the progress of etching depth. However, for a wide trench, the width of etched profile will increase with the increase of its depth since the deformation of boundary layer in plasma. Verticality of sidewalls of etched profiles on silicon will be a critical problem in many applications. In this paper, the fabrication of isolated vertical mirrors is reported. With the introduction of multi-steps recipes and optimization of source power, substrate bias power and process pressure, the deformation in the plasma boundary layer was minimized and the etched profiles were improved. As the results, micro vertical mirrors of 120 μm high with a perpendicularity of 89.7° and mirrors of 200 μm high with 89.3° were realized.


A new preconditioning solution for large real sparse symmetric linear equations in finite element analysis of electromagnetic field problem is presented in this paper. With the proper choice of the relaxation factor, RMICCG method have not only rapid rate of convergence, but also better stability of computational process and wide applications. Numerial examples show that RMICCG method can reduce iterative number and the computation time by 30% less than the ICCG method.


Abstract This article has two goals: first, it aims to solve a mystery in Yiddish studies by identifying the previously unknown author of one of the earliest Eastern European modern literary texts in Yiddish, and reconstructing the historical context in which he wrote the text. Second, it will show how this archival-biographical discovery sheds new light on the history of Eastern European Jews during the Napoleonic Wars (1799–1815) as well as on the rise of Haskalah literature. Finally, as the title of this article suggests, I will argue that there was a direct link between narration and denunciation, between the Austrian imperial interest in collecting insider information about the Jews and the turn to writing literature in Jewish languages.


In a model where firms have important growth options we show that weighted average cost of capital is not an appropriate discount rate for valuing investment projects. Growth options have a different risk level than assets in place. If the new assets have the same risk as assets in place then the value of the new assets is not equal to the total cash-flow discounted with the cost of capital. Moreover, in the case of an unlevered firm, despite background risk with constant conditionals moments, the conditionals expectation and volatility of equity returns are stochastic time series.


The ubiquity of mobile devices together with the potential to bridge classroom learning to real-world has added a new angle to contextualising mathematics learning. The goal of this research was to evaluate student engagement in a series of mobile learning activities. The study uses critical incident analysis to evaluate the breakdowns and breakthroughs of mobile learning. Twenty-four Primary 7 students participated in the study. The mobile learning activities were found to have facilitated visualisation, encouraged reflection and promoted active learning. However, some issues regarding mobile use affected student engagement with the activity. The challenges identified highlighted the role teachers play in designing and carrying out novel technology use.


1. A number of errors could have been avoided, for example: p. 67, line 18: 'to creation' for 'to create'; p. 70, para. 1, lines 9–10: 'did . . . Influenced'; ibid., para. 2, line 1: 'and and'; p. 117, para. 1, line 2: 'an Arab' ; p. 191, line 13 from bottom of page:''the shores the Aegean' – 'of' is missing; p. 195, line 5 from bottom of page: 'one of witnesses' – 'the' is missing; p. 225, para. 2, first line: 'invasion to' for 'invasion of'; p. 228, lines 4–5: 'A fleet of any nation is the fleet under which the ship flies' does not make sense. The second 'fleet' should probably read 'flag'. 2. F. Braudel, The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean world in the age of Philip II, translated by S. Reynolds, London, 1972–1973, 332. 3. See V. Mallia-Milanes, 'Poised between hope and infinite despair: Venetians in the port of eighteenth-century Malta', in Méditerranée: mer ouverte, Edited by Ch. Villain-Gandossi et al. vol. 1. Malta: Fondation Internationale-Malte, 1997, 227–36.


The propensity score is a common tool for estimating the causal effect of a binary treatment in observational data. In this setting, matching, subclassification, imputation, or inverse probability weighting on the propensity score can reduce the initial covariate bias between the treatment and control groups. With more than two treatment options, however, estimation of causal effects requires additional assumptions and techniques, the implementations of which have varied across disciplines. This paper reviews current methods, and it identifies and contrasts the treatment effects that each one estimates. Additionally, we propose possible matching techniques for use with multiple, nominal categorical treatments, and use simulations to show how such algorithms can yield improved covariate similarity between those in the matched sets, relative the pre-matched cohort. To sum, this manuscript provides a synopsis of how to notate and use causal methods for categorical treatments.


The ability to provide uninterrupted power to military installations is paramount in executing a country's national defense strategy. Microgrid architectures increase installation energy resilience through redundant local generation sources and the capability for grid independence. However, deliberate attacks from near-peer competitors can disrupt the associated supply chain network, thereby affecting mission critical loads. Utilizing an integrated discrete-time Markov chain and dynamic Bayesian network approach, we investigate disruption propagation throughout a supply chain network and quantify its mission impact on an islanded microgrid. We propose a novel methodology and an associated metric we term "energy resilience impact" to identify and address supply chain disruption risks to energy security. The proposed methodology addresses a gap in the literature and practice where it is assumed supply chains will not be disrupted during incidents involving microgrids. A case study of a fictional military installation is presented to demonstrate how installation energy managers can adopt this methodology for the design and improvement of military microgrids. The fictional case study shows how supply chain disruptions can impact the ability of a microgrid to successfully supply electricity to critical loads throughout an islanding event.


The evolution relationship between ecological security pattern and agricultural productive force has been one of the hot topics of ecology in arid areas. In this study, Manas River basin where eco-types zones are significantly different was taken as example, ecological security evaluation for the four eco-types zones of the upper, middle and lower reaches of the river for the past 30 years was carried out; and modified Costanza Model was used to analyse the changes of ecological security from the ecological health on the whole river basin. In the end, the effect of the changes of ecological security pattern on agricultural productive force with the support of RS, GIS and other related materials was analysed. The research suggests that during the past 30 years, the change of the index of four eco-types zones comprehensive assessment on ecological safety and the state of ecological safety were as follows: (1) the index of upper-stream mountain area decreased by 0.13, from safer range to pre-warning range; (2) the index of middlestream urban area increased by 0.09, from pre-warning range to safer range; (3) the index of middle and down-stream agricultural area decreased by 0.19, from pre-warning range to moderate-warning range; and (4) the index of down-stream desertification decreased by 0.14, the state on ecological safety was on the decline in the pre-warning range. The index of comprehensive assessment on ecological health decreased by 0.13 on the whole river basin, from the healthy state into moderate state; agricultural productive force developed quickly for the model of large-scale cultivation of cotton. However, large-scale cultivation of cotton implied agricultural water consumption was around 90% per year, the groundwater level above decreased by 10 m in oasis edge, which produced a series of negative effects on ecological environment. Agricultural productive force improved apparently, but in fact it decreased potentially, the change between ecological security pattern and agricultural productive force being in the same direction. The improved agricultural productive force was at the cost of destroying ecological environment, which is not conducive to ecological environment and sustainable development of agriculture.


CASE
This report describes a 7-year-old girl with Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) of the thoracic spine who developed neurological deterioration during nonsurgical management. She was treated with decompression and instrumented fusion followed by chemotherapy, recovered completely after surgery, and was doing well at 6-year follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS
The best treatment of LCH of the spine is not clear, but in the setting of neurologic compromise after failing conservative management, surgical decompression with adjuvant chemotherapy should be considered.


The legal alibis that the State employs to justify its infringement of our privacy are numerous, and range from 'public interest to 'security of the state to the 'maintenance of law and order'. In this paper, I attempt to build a catalog of these various justifications, without attempting to be exhaustive, with the objective of arriving at a rough taxonomy of such frequently invoked terms. In addition I also examine some the more important justifications such as 'public interest' and 'security of the state' that have been invoked in statutes and upheld by courts to deprive persons of their privacy. The paper begins with a brief introduction to privacy jurisprudence developed by the Supreme Court by expanding the Right to Life under Article 21 and the Freedom of Expression under Article 19. This is followed by sections that each evaluate the right to privacy in the context of our communications, our homes, our bodies (including reproductive rights of women) and our records.


Deep learning-based automatic horizon tracking has achieved promising results but still faces serious cross-horizon phenomena. Therefore, based on multitask learning, seismic data characteristics, and the seismic horizon sequence (or position) relationship, we have developed a sequence-constrained multitask horizon tracking (SMHT) method for high-precision automatic horizon tracking. SMHT contains the horizon label automatic enrichment, the multitask horizon tracking network (MHTN), and the horizon sequence-constrained loss function. Horizon label automatic enrichment aims to automatically generate the upper and lower auxiliary horizon labels of the target horizon label, and then the horizon region labels corresponding to the auxiliary and target horizon labels for MHTN. MHTN contains the shared layer, the auxiliary task, the main task, and the horizon sequence-constrained horizon correction. In MHTN, the shared layer generates multiscale feature maps of the input seismic data. The auxiliary task uses the concept of object detection to extract the horizon region (or probability), and the main task extracts the high-precision horizon within the extracted horizon region. The horizon sequence-constrained horizon correction with the horizon sequence-constrained loss function aims to avoid the cross-horizon phenomenon and finally obtain precise horizon tracking results. Application of MHTN to two field 3D seismic data sets finds that SMHT performs well in automatic horizon tracking.


Levi-Strauss and Beyond. A presentation of Philippe Descola, Par-dela Nature et Culture [Beyond Nature and Culture], Paris, Gallimard, 2005. "Is there a French anthropology today?" The question might seem arrogant to many, but it was addressed to me in 2003 during an AAA (American Anthropological Association) meeting in Washington, DC when an American friend and colleague questioned me about contemporary French anthropology. Although a Francophone Belgian, and not French, I found myself deeply puzzled by this question. Historically, anthropologists in Francophone Belgium have been profoundly influenced by French anthropology and, in particular, by Levi-Strauss's structuralism, mainly through the work of his disciple based in Brussels, Luc de Heusch, who still defends him "come hell or high water" (de Heusch 2004). As a matter of fact, even though things have changed a lot since these times of hegemonic structuralism, many of us still draw today on French anthropological academic traditions and networks much more than on American and British ones. Whilst I did not manage to provide a satisfactory answer to my American colleague at the time of the conference, I take this short essay as an opportunity to eventually give him a response-a response emerging from a slightly different standpoint located outside of French academia-and to discuss one major text of contemporary French anthropology. The present landscape of French ethnologie is diverse and fragmented, from Marc Abeles political anthropology (1992, 2001) to Jean-Pierre Olivier de Sardan's Anthropologie du developpement (2005), passing by Jeanne Favret-Saada (2009), Christian Bromberger (1998) and Alban Bensa (2006). There are indeed multiple anthropologies in France today, many of them having ingeniously incorporated influences from British and American traditions. Yet, the impact of Claude Levi-Strauss is paradigmatically enormous and subsequent generations of anthropologists are still compelled to define themselves in relationship to him-either to strongly oppose his work (as Georges Balandier did), to part ways with it whilst recognizing Levi-Strauss immense influence on their intellectual effort (such as Pierre Bourdieu and Marc Abeles), or to creatively pursue the structuralist agenda, a perspective held by Philippe Descola at his best. In this review, I would like to take the piece discussed here as a text embodying a legacy of Claude Levi-Strauss's work, but also as an attempt to move beyond it by entering into discussion with post-structuralist scholars, such as Pierre Bourdieu, Dan Sperber, and Bruno Latour. It constitutes an excellent illustration of a well-represented domain of anthropological inquiry in France, where discussions about cognition, perception, dispositions, praxis, structure, and the search for universals have been for long paradigmatic. An Anthropology Beyond Nature and Culture Philippe Descola is a prominent French anthropologist who, for the last 30 years, has conducted extensive ethnographical research in the Amazon among the Achuar people located at the border of Ecuador and belonging to the Jivaro linguistic cluster. He is the Director of the Laboratoire d'Anthropologie Sociale (Laboratory of Social Anthropology) and is a Professor at College de France (where he holds the Chair in the Anthropology of Nature), a very distinguished position in French academy, formerly occupied by Claude Levi-Strauss and Francoise Heritier. In fact, Par-dela Nature et Culture constitutes an elaboration of Descola's last two pieces, both translated in English, In the Society of Nature (1996 [1986]) and The Spears of Twilight (1998 [1994]). Whilst the first exemplifies a fine-grained ethnography of Achuar material and symbolic relationships with their environment (that we, Westerners, would wrongly term "nature" ), the second belongs to a different genre, a monograph of Achuar society and a personal and philosophical essay all at once, which reminds us of Tristes Tropiques by Levi-Strauss, Descola's mentor and Ph. …


This research theoretically analyzes tourism infrastructure construction mode optimization and correlation analysis of general related industry development. With development of the tourism res ources to the development of breadth and depth, the study of landscape protection and landscape planning gradually attention by people as many landscape planner, geographers, Lin, tourism experts and psychologists to landscape ecology, landscape and visual landscape perception, and get a lot of the methods and the techniques. So-called tourism policy is to promote national or the local tourism development of formulating and implementing relevant policies. This paper proposes the related and enhanced perspective on the infrastructure construction mode that is meaningful.


Collision strengths for electron impact excitation of fine-structure levels in sulfur-like Fe XI are calculated in a semirelativistic R-matrix approach. The 38 fine-structure levels arising from the 20 LS states 3s23p43P,1D,1S; 3s3p53Po,1Po; 3s23p3(4So)3d3Do, 3s23p3(2Po)3d1,3Po,1,3Do,1,3Fo, 3s23p3(2Do)3d1,3So,1,3Po,1,3Do,1,3Fo are included in our calculation. The target levels are represented by configuration interaction wave functions. The relativistic effects are considered in the Breit-Pauli approximation by including one-body mass correction, Darwin term, and spin-orbit terms in the scattering equations. Collision strengths for transitions from the 3s23p43P2,1,0 levels to the fine-structure levels of the 3s23p33d configuration are compared with the distorted-wave results of Bhatia & Doschek at 8.0, 16.0, 24.0 ryd. There are some significant discrepancies between the two calculations, mostly caused by the difference in target wave functions. The collision strengths are integrated over a Maxwellian distribution of electron energies to obtain effective collision strengths over the temperature range from 5 × 105 to 5 × 106 K.


Single images are often not enough to reveal all of the information contained in them, either because of the measurement ambiguity or because of the observer's imperfect knowledge. Integrating or fusing many knowledge sources is a recent trend in the pattern recognition field. In the work presented in this paper, fuzzy logic, which has been established to be a successful methodology in dealing with imprecision, provides a general conceptual framework and an analytical tool as well.


Researchers and non-commercial institutions negotiate complex legislation and guidance when planning and conducting research studies. The documents and processes required differ across nations and their regulatory bodies and it can be challenging to conduct an international study, especially for non-commercial organisations. In this study, colleagues from Japan and the UK worked closely together focusing on the legislation, organisations, trial processes, ethics review and quality assurance frameworks of clinical trials in two countries, the UK, demonstrated on the model of practices in the University of Bristol and University Hospital Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, and Japan, based on the model in Kyoto University Hospital. Although the ICH tripartite guidelines (ICH-GCP) were developed with participation from both the EU and Japan the set-up and approval processes for clinical trials are different between the two countries while the expectations for quality assurance are similar. We will argue that the framework in the UK is well-developed for performing multi-centre trials both, commercially and non-commercially sponsored. Japan has an excellent infrastructure to conduct early phase trials and commercially sponsored trials. Multi-centre investigator led trials are currently a challenge due to the complex and resource intense approval systems. A good model for collaboration between Bristol and Kyoto might be where early translational studies are set-up in Japan and later phases of the studies are conducted in the UK.


An optimization-based approach is presented that determines how plant feedstocks should be allocated to storage when there are fewer storage vessels than feedstocks. It is assumed here that material from the storage vessels will be subsequently blended for processing in downstream processes. The objective of the feedstock allocation strategy is chosen to ensure maximum flexibility for downstream process operation. Given the stated objective for feedstock allocation and the physical constraints, the feedstock storage allocation problem is posed in optimization form. The solution of the resulting singular-value optimization problem is discussed in terms of semidefinite programming techniques. The ideas presented are illustrated using a crude-oil storage case study. Finally, a number of observations regarding useful extehsions to the proposed methods are presented.


Study the sub-manifolds which has parallel mean vector and splitting normal bundle immersed in S n+p ,and we get a pinching result about the square of the length of the second foundmental form.


It has been shown that none of any energy sources which own high specific energy or high specific power, but not both, can solely fulfil all the demands of hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) in some circumstances. In this paper a battery/ultra-capacitor hybrid energy storage system (B/UC HESS) using ultracapacitors which replace primary sole Ni-MH energy source, without any changes in other parts of HEV was presented. Based on the energy flow of energy storage system and operating status of the vehicle, a nonlinear proportional factor control strategy with a goal of improving battery life was introduced. The simulation results under different urban driving cycles show that the peak charge/discharge currents are smoothed effectively, which benefits the battery lifetime improvement. The results also show that the buffering effect of ultracapacitors has optimized the charging and discharging processes of Ni-MH battery considerably.


Nonlinear optical (NLO) materials have attracted considerable attention due to their potential applications for wavelength converters and electro-optical modulators. One way to fabricate SHG materials is to align asymmetric organic dyes with high second-order hyperpolarizability constants. Here, we demonstrate one-dimensional alignment of asymmetric organic dyes in pores of metal-organic framework (MOF). MOF with Kagome-type lattice was synthesized to encapsulate the organic dyes in its one-dimensional pores. The organic dyes were oriented along with the onedimensional pores, which was confirmed by fluorescence under linearly-polarized excitation light.


Building accurate machine learning models for mapping crops using remote sensing imagery is a challenging task. Traditional solutions include per-pixel based and object-based classification solutions using coarse resolution imagery such as MODIS and LANDSAT. These models also require the development of hand-crafted features. In addition, these methods are computationally inefficient when used with very high resolution (VHR) imagery. Deep learning methods, with their ability to automatically learn relevant features provide an efficient alternative. However, deep learning methods are data-hungry, and require large amounts of labeled data sets to achieve accurate results. This is a challenge to the remote sensing community, since there is a lack of large labeled data sets in the domain. Transfer learning is a strategy that has been widely adapted across several domains and has allowed for the usage of deep neural networks even with limited labeled data. In this paper, we perform a comparative analysis of various transfer learning strategies for the domain of crop classification. We perform our experiments using three well-known neural networks and evaluate various strategies such as: (i) training the model from scratch using random weight initialization, (ii) simply using the pretrained models as feature extractors, (iii) finetuning deep CNNs by freezing the early layers of a pretrained CNN, and (iv) using the Imagenet pretrained weights as initialization, and their impact on classification performance.


In this article, a threshold voltage model for two-dimensional (2-D) materials-based field-effect transistors (FETs) with an undoped body and a gated source is derived based on an analytical solution to Poisson's equation at the source region. The effect of fringing fields on the underlapped region for the case when the gate has almost no overlap with the source is also studied and incorporated using conformal mapping. The derived threshold voltage model highlights the dependence of the turn-on condition on the barrier height at the metal/2-D interface, the geometry of the device, particularly on the 2-D film and oxide thickness, and the gate-to-source overlap length. Modifications on the barrier height at the metal/2-D junction due to the widely observed metal Fermi level pinning (FLP) effect on fabricated devices are also integrated. The proposed new model is verified by numerical simulations and published experimental data with close agreement.


Symposium on the English and Dutch in the Early Modern World Newberry Library October 19, 2012 Chicago Nowhere is the imperative to develop a multilingual, transnational, even "global" approach to American literature maturing as rapidly as in the field of early American literature. The early-modernist scholar interested in the impact of European contact with the Americas will find two central frameworks--the hemispheric and the Atlantic world--that offer distinct yet overlapping archives, methods, and texts. There are obvious and extensive connections between English-language literatures of the metropole and the colonial periphery that have been well explored. A consideration of the broader Atlantic world is in a nascent stage, with important work beginning to appear. Hemispheric scholarship is somewhat more advanced, due in large part to a set of scholarly initiatives that began ten years ago with the Early Ibero/Anglo Americanist Summit held in Tucson. The summit brought together specialists from these discrete fields for three days of plenary panels. In lieu of the standard conference paper reporting work in progress, presenters were asked to choose a major text and introduce it to nonspecialists. (The website for the Tucson summit is available at http://www.mith.umd.edu/summit/Program.html.) The recent Symposium on the English and Dutch in the Early Modern World, organized by Kristina Bross and Marjorie Rubright and held at the Newberry Library in Chicago, followed a format similar to the Tucson summit, though on a smaller scale. (The website can be found here: http://www .newberry.org/10192012-symposium-english-and-dutch-early-modern -world.) The one-day event included two plenary sessions and a keynote address by Alison Games, who spoke about "Anglo-Dutch Relations in the East Indies and the 'Massacre' at Amboyna, 1623." Games's engaging and well-illustrated lecture analyzed the events leading up to the execution of several English traders and Japanese mercenaries by the Dutch on the Indonesian island of Ambon in 1623. Games described the ensuing pamphlet war about the "Massacre" that fueled conflict between the two nations, which fought three wars over the course of the seventeenth century. She also noted (without much discussion) that the "massacre" had its biggest literary impact on John Dryden's play Amboyna (1673). The two panels that preceded the keynote lecture each featured three scholars presenting a work that was chosen to reveal how, as the program states, "Anglo-Dutch relations informed the shape, scale, and imaginative limits of colonial enterprise." The individual presentations were only loosely related to one another, and there was no clear distinction in chronology, theme, or approach between the two panels. They functioned as microtutorials in a chosen text or texts, achieving an impact that was cumulative rather than teleological. Joanne van der Woude discussed the poetic exchange that Johan Farret and Petrus Stuyvesant conducted from 1639 to 1645, providing a textual history, contextual analysis, and close reading that sought to discern the impact--or lack of impact--of the American setting on the poems. Andrew Fleck analyzed a narrative by John Darell accusing the Dutch of sinking two English ships that had mysteriously disappeared, an episode and text that Fleck tied to the start of the Second Anglo-Dutch War. He then situated the narrative in the historiographical tradition descended from Thucydides and discussed how such narratives, which claimed but could not prove their truth value, opened space for fictional representations such as Aphra Behn's Oroonoko. Jeffrey Glover discussed Cornelis Melyn's Broad Advice to the United Netherland Provinces, highlighting its depiction of the ship as an international, polyglot public sphere where grievances could be aired without fear of arrest. …


Prior to the revelations of the microscope, morbid growths, with few exceptions, were looked upon as local manifestations of some blood dyscrasia. They were known to be environed by a zone of infiltration or degeneration, of varying area, and the question of recurrence after an operation was supposed to depend largely upon the extent of the incisions. The desire, however, to preserve symmetry, especially if about the face, and to hasten cicatrisation, frequently induced the surgeon to circumscribe his operative procedures, relying subsequently upon antiseptic applications to sterilize flaps and adjacent tissues. Unfortunately, it was seldom possible thus to reach the extreme boundaries of the disease, hidden as they were to sight, and the materies morbi, with lymphatics and blood-vessels as avenues (?), quickly invaded other tissues and viscera; or the increased supply of nutrient material, in the absence of the central mass, soon precipitated a recurrence at the original


an add-on to Metformin, or a fi xed-dose combination of vildagliptin + Metformin. This abstract reports subanalysis on patients aged >65 years. A total of 819 patients aged >65 years were included in this subanalysis. Mean±SD age of the patients was 71.1±4.4 years, duration of diabetes 3.2±4.1 years and 71.4% were females. After 1-year of treatment with vildagliptin plus Metformin, more than half patients (55.2%) achieved HbA1c <7% without hypoglycemia and weight gain (>3% of baseline). The annualized rate of hypoglycemia was 0.09 (95% CI 0.056, 0.12), most of the events were mild and only two patients reported a severe event. This long-term observational study showed that vildagliptin plus Metformin improves glycemic control without any increased hypoglycemia risk in Russian elderly patients. Vildagliptin can be a useful option for treatment intensifi cation in Russian elderly patients.