Bis-{[(4-hydroxybutoxyphenyl)methylidene]aminophenoxyhexyl}benzene-1,3-dicarboxylate – a novel A2 diol monomer – and a series of new blocked isocyanates (B3 monomers) were synthesized in high yield and their structures were confirmed. Using these monomers, different hyperbranched polyurethanes (HBPUs) containing azomethine and aryl-ether connectivities were prepared via an A2 + B3 approach. All possible parameters were varied to study their effect on molecular weight build-up. The effects of concentrations of A2 and B3 and the A2: B3 monomer ratio were well reflected in the molecular weight of the polymer. The structure of the B3 monomer was also found to have a significant effect on the molecular weight. The polymers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared, proton nuclear magnetic resonance, gel permeation chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, wide-angle X-ray diffraction and impedance spectroscopy. All the polymers registered unusual sub-T g; and they invariably underwent decomposition at three distinct stages with significantly improved thermal stability at initial stage. The ionic conductivity of HBPU increased remarkably upon doping with KI and I2. The dye-sensitized solar cell fabricated using this polymer as electrolyte yielded an overall conversion efficiency of 3.5% upon illumination with visible light.


OBJECTIVE. We examined the feasibility and benefit of integrating occupational therapy into a long‐term services and supports (LTSS) care coordination program for aging in place. METHOD. Clients referred to occupational therapy during a 16‐wk trial were evaluated with the In‐Home Occupational Performance Evaluation and received education on strategies for aging in place. Clients who indicated readiness for change were assisted in setting personalized goals with goal attainment scaling and received four additional occupational therapy visits. RESULTS. Of the program's feasibility benchmarks, 87% were met. Twenty‐three clients were referred, and 16 clients were evaluated; 37.5% of those evaluated indicated readiness for change, establishing 18 goals with 100% goal attainment. CONCLUSION. Integration of occupational therapy into an LTSS care coordination program was feasible. Benefits of adding occupational therapy included a performance‐based evaluation that revealed personal factors as barriers to aging in place and gave access to a client‐centered service to maximize independence. &NA; Integrating occupational therapy into long‐term services and supports to help older adults maximize their independence was found to be a feasible solution to the growing imbalance between resources and population needs.


Uncoordinated responses are problematic in various operations, especially in crucial circumstances such as bushfires, where they are associated with decreased efficiency, effectiveness, and safety. This paper presents a new VRP (Vehicle Routing Problem) model for routing, scheduling, and coordinating bushfire-related resources including Ground Resources (GR) and Aerial Resources (AR) in the suppression phase of a bushfire event. The coordination must be in a way that ARs' operations are allowed prior to GRs' operations, otherwise, aerial interference is unhelpful. The problem is NP-hard (Non-deterministic Polynomial-time) and cannot be solved in a Polynomial-time using exact methods, but due to the crucial circumstances of bushfires, it should be solved in a reasonable time. Therefore, we proposed a greedy heuristic algorithm to solve it. Dividing bushfires' area into a set of fire sites, we solved instances with different numbers of fire sites using both CPLEX and the greedy algorithm and compared the results. CPLEX fails to solve the instances having more than three fire sites, but the greedy algorithm solves the largest instance having 9 fire sites in less than 1 minute. The ignorable Relative Percent Difference (RPD) of the greedy algorithm in the first five instances indicates that our proposed algorithm is reliable.


The analysis is developed from the viewpoint of the electrical engineer and designer of industrial and commercial power systems. It assesses the problems of what is seen to be interpretations of the National Electrical Code which deviate from established general good practice. The problems of interpretations by the inspection authority which are not in the realm of mainstream practice are addressed. Recommendations are made for handling code violations which may be charged to design staff. Some suggestions are made on how the IEEE Industry Applications Society might assist design engineers in working with the Code.<<ETX>>


tion by tying failure to adopt those technologies to political and economic institutions that made African despots like the king of the Congo uninterested in them, there are other cases, including those of the east African coast itself, where it wasn't the presence of local despots but rather the ability of the Arab and Swahili coastal elites to prey on scores of disparate ethnic groups lacking state-level polities, that better explain the lack of transmission of technology. To say that these local tribes were disadvantaged only by despotic political leaders and not at all by the technological backwardness associated with their adaptations to their local environment is like saying that English colonists overran the Powhatan Confederacy due only to the latter's bad political institutions. I could go on with other complaints—for instance, about the book's treatment of Mao's China as purely "extractive," without recognizing that some basic industrial growth and the laying of foundations for later, moremarket-based growth by investing in health and literacy occurred there during 1949–79 ðas noted in, e.g., Amartya Sen's Development as Freedom 1⁄21999 Þ. Assignment of post-MaoChina also to the same "extractive institutions" box, alongwith Soviet Russia ðand, for that matter, Mobutu's ZaireÞ, suggests categories too coarse to be useful to economic system analysis. But differences of opinion are inevitable when dealing with such broad themes, and it's an indication of the book's importance that it will provide material for study and debate for years to come. Despite the overzealousness I find in the book's attachment to a unicausal explanation of growth and stagnation,Why Nations Fail adds a wealth of powerful insights and fascinating descriptive material to the literature on long-run comparative development. It belongs on the required reading list of any who would participate in the next wave of debate about what can be done to narrow the still-vast gap between the world's rich and poor.


Objective—Monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 is a proatherogenic factor that is responsible for ≈60% of plaque macrophages in mouse models of atherosclerosis. We investigated whether lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), enriched in oxidized low density lipoprotein, can modulate the expression of MCP-1 in arterial wall cells. Methods and Results—LPC induced a 3-fold increase in MCP-1 mRNA in rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Nuclear runon analysis showed that this increase was attributable to increased MCP-1 gene transcription. There was a 2-fold increase in MCP-1 protein in the conditioned media of cells treated with LPC. LPC-associated increases of MCP-1 mRNA and protein were similar to those produced by platelet-derived growth factor-BB, a known inducer of MCP-1. Analyses of the MCP-1 promoter in transiently transfected VSMCs indicated an LPC-responsive element(s) between base pairs −146 and −261 (relative to transcription initiation). Further studies suggested that LPC-induced MCP-1 expression partially involves mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal–regulated kinase, a tyrosine kinase(s), and (to a lesser extent) protein kinase C but not the activation of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor. Conclusions—LPC stimulates MCP-1 expression at the transcriptional level in VSMCs, suggesting a molecular mechanism by which LPC contributes to the atherogenicity of oxidized low density lipoprotein.


Objective: To investigate the effect of purification recombined pig uricase on the blood concentration of uric acid in chickens and the antigenicity.Methods: Chickens were divided randomly into 2 groups(n=10 for each group).The chickens were injected with uricase or saline(control) for 3 times at 1,7 and 35 days.The blood specimens were collected before and 7,24,48,72h after each injection.The blood concentration of uric acid in chickens was detected with enzyme colorimetry;the anti-pig uricase antibody in chickens was measured with indirect ELISA.Results: Compared to the blood concentration of uric acid before the injection,the concentration of uric acid was significantly decreased by 63.38% and 28.34%(P0.01),respectively,at 7 and 24h after the first injection of uricase.The concentration of uric acid was decreased by 52.11%(P0.01) at 7h after the second injection.It did not change significantly after the third injection.The concentration of uric acid in control group did not change significantly after each injection.The uricase activity could be determined at 7h after each injection.The range of uricase activity was 1.83~12.75IU·L-1.The anti-pig uricase antibody could not be detected after the first two injections,but detected in 6/10 chickens 7 days after the third injection.Conclusion: The blood concentration of uric acid is decreased by intravenous injection of recombinant pig uricase.The repeated injections of the enzyme can produce the antibody against recombinant pig uricase,which may interfere with the uricase activity but not induce obvious anaphylaxis.


This research is part of multi-year research, which is undertaken for two years. It aims at understanding the implementation of TOD concept through precedent studies. The significance of this research is the areas of precedent studies of historical areas within metropolitan cities. The idea of TOD itself has been regarded as a perfect solution for a metropolitan city which has a relatively large population. This research has conducted historical areas for the study because the concept of TOD has been promoted as a perfect solution to improve and enhance the quality of life of the historical areas (the built environment and the local community itself). This research has implemented the qualitative method using precedent studies as a way of thinking to get the typology of the historical district which used the TOD concept. We have conducted two precedent studies which have a historical area within a metropolitan city. They are Hong Kong with Kowloon Historical Area, and Turkey with Istanbul Historical Area. Each precedent studies have described their significance and uniqueness of their character of the historical area. From this initial study, we have concluded the character of the historical area in each precedent studies, and we have underlined the typology of the implementation of TOD concept within the historical area.


Coupled Raman and Energy Dispersive Spectra show a substance fully compatible with oxidative ring cleavage products of the heme of blood, namely biliverdin-derived compounds. A weak line is tentatively attributed to amide I of proteins.


This work studies the biphotonic effect in samples that are cholesteric liquid crystals (CLCs) doped with azo-C5. The experimental results show that the photo-isomerization of azo-C5 not only changes the clearing point of the sample, but also shifts the reflection band that is associated with the planar texture. Additionally, azo dye-doped CLCs (DDCLCs) have bi-stable or tri-stable states, as determined by the ambient temperature. Photo-switching between these bi-stable/tristable states is systematically studied. The result indicates that photo-addressing one of these states (planar, focal conic, and isotropic states) using a low- or high-intensity Ar+ laser beam is feasible. The results thus obtained are used to fabricate a photo-rewritable DDCLC display.


3,810,975 5/1974 Brooke ........ ....... 423/653 4,072,625 2/1978 Pinto ........ ... 252/373 4,129,523 12/1978 Snowden ..... ... 423/656 4,171,343 10/1979 Faust et al. ...... ... 423/359 4,238,468 12/1980 Bonnaci et al ... 423/362 4,296,085 10/1981 Banquy ........ ... 252/.376 4,414, 195 11/1983 Mandrin .............................. 423/648 Primary Examiner-Helen M. S. Sneed Assistant Examiner-Anthony McFarlane Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Millen & White 57 ABSTRACT Filed: May 16, 1986 Low energy start-up procedure for ammonia plants which employs ammonia as the start-up media, thereby Int. Cl. ................................................ CO1C 1/04 avoiding the BTU loss associated with venting uncon U.S. C. .................................... 423/359; 423/659; verted hydrocarbons and the threat to catalyst beds 423/652 associated with rapid buildup of temperatures therein. Field of Search ............... 423/651, 652, 653, 359, 423/659 7 Claims, 4 Drawing Figures


Background and objectives The emerging nanotechnology-prepared medications and their applications in industrial and medical fields have gained great progress. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) synthesized by the green method using the Thymus vulgaris plant extract against the most common pathogenic bacteria causing endometritis in horses (Escherichia coli) and E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Materials and methods Uterine swabs from mares (n=50) with clinical endometritis were collected for isolating the pathogenic bacteria. A total of 40 Wistar rats were divided equally into control (n=10), LPS (n=10; 10 mg/kg body weight), ZnO-NPs (n=10; 50 mg/kg body weight), and LPS+ZnO-NPs (n=10). ZnO-NPs were administered for 4 days and the LPS on the fourth day. Histopathological and ultrastructures of liver, kidney, and testes were obtained. Blood samples were collected for measuring superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, and testosterone. Results and conclusion ZnO-NPs of 15–30 nm showed antimicrobial effectiveness against the isolated multidrug-resistant E. coli. The LD50 for ZnO-NPs was 2000 mg/kg body weight. The histopathological changes showed massive damage to the seminiferous tubules, liver, and kidney of LPS-treated rats, which was reversed to a great extent by preadministration of ZnO-NPs. The activity of SOD was high in LPS and ZnO-NPs, but the LPS+ZnO-NPs and the controls had the lowest SOD activity. LPS and LPS+ZnO-NPs decreased malondialdehyde concentrations. LPS decreased NO, but ZnO-NPs restored control values. Testosterone declined after LPS administration, with no observed changes in the rats treated with ZnO-NPs or LPS+ZnO-NPs. ZnO-NPs proved dual actions of antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory. Short course and suitable dose should be investigated to avoid its cytotoxicity effects to vital organs.


Pionic contributions to static nucleon properties are calculated in a chiral extension of the color-dielectric model. The pion field and residual gluon field are treated perturbatively. It is shown that with a simple choice for the energy of the scalar confining field and assuming the chiral limit, the system of equations describing the bare soliton and the perturbative pion and gluon fields may be cast in a dimensionless, parameter-free form for large glueball masses. This enables a formula for the masses of the nucleon and \ensuremath{\Delta} including leading-order pionic and gluonic contributions and corrections for spurious center-of-mass motion, valid for a wide range of input parameters determining the bare-soliton solutions, to be derived. A further consequence of the scaling behavior is that pionic contributions to nucleon properties, calculated using the methods of the cloudy-bag model, are insensitive to the soliton parameters, once the size of the soliton is fixed. The model results are very similar to those of the cloudy-bag model but the predicted masses are about 20% too large, and the pionic contributions to charge radii are underestimated.


The motivation may relate to Swedish forestry, pulp and paper corporation Sodra, being an advanced contender for financing of Gunns's Tasmanian pulp mill. Sodra requires FSC certification as one of three core prerequisites for investment in any southern hemisphere pulp mill project. The others are use of 100 per cent plantation feedstock (rather than old-growth or re-growth forests) and TFC, a chlorine-free bleaching process.


In this paper, calibration data for a single one-port surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonator strain sensor fabricated on 36° (AT) quartz is presented. This substrate was chosen as it is traditionally associated with temperature stability in SAW resonator design. To investigate the sensor as a general-purpose strain sensing element the sensors were bonded using standard adhesives and calibrated using a special-purpose test apparatus and a repeatable testing methodology. Bonding effects and thermal sensitivities are empirically investigated. Longitudinal and transverse strain sensitivities at a range of temperatures are presented as well as the variation in sensor sensitivity as function of alignment angle to applied strain.


Preface Introduction 1. The nonprofit mission and its financing: growing links between nonprofits and the rest of the economy Burton A. Weisbrod Part I. Basic Issues and Perspective: 2. Competition, commercialization, and the evolution of nonprofit organizational structures Howard P. Tuckman 3. Modeling the nonprofit organization as a multi-product firm: a framework for choice Burton A. Weisbrod 4. Pricing and rationing nonprofit organizations with distributional objectives Richard Steinberg and Burton A. Weisbrod 5. Differential taxation of nonprofits and the commercialization of nonprofit revenues Joseph J. Cordes and Burton A. Weisbrod 6. Interdependence of commercial and donative revenues Lewis M. Segal and Burton A. Weisbrod 7. Conversion from nonprofit to for-profit legal status: why does it happen and should anyone care? John H. Goddeeris and Burton A. Weisbrod Part II. Industry Studies: 8. Commercialism in nonprofit hospitals Frank A. Sloan 9. Universities as creators and retailers of intellectual property: life sciences research and economic development Walter W. Powell and Jason Owen-Smith 10. Commercialism in nonprofit social service associations: its character, significance, and rationale Dennis R. Young 11. Zoos and aquariums Louis Cain and Dennis Meritt, Jr 12. Commerce and the muse: are art museums becoming commercial? Helmut K. Anheier and Stefan Toepler 13. The funding perils of the corporation for public broadcasting Craig L. LaMay and Burton A. Weisbrod Part III. Concluding Remarks: 14. Commercialism among nonprofits: objectives, opportunities and constraints Estelle James 15. Conclusions and public policy issues: commercialism and the road ahead Burton A. Weisbrod References.


SUMMARY The effects of treading and the return of excreta on a Lolium perenne-Trifolium repens sward defoliated by sheep set-stccked at high and low stocking rates were examined. Sward performance was measured inside 'graze-through' cages which allowed defoliation without treading and excreta return, and outside where sheep grazed either fitted with harness to prevent the return of excreta or unharnessed to allow the normal return of excreta. Live-weight gain was measured from excreta return and non-return swards. The treatments imposed had large effects on herbage growth and botanical composition. At a stocking rate of 25 yearling wethers/ha, sheep excreted about 1·1 kg N/ha/day, which increased soil N and led to an increase in herbage growth of about 26 %. The return of excreta increased ryegrass tiller density and this was partly responsible for a 26% reduction in the proportion of clover in the sward; the weight of clover was 13% loss where excreta were returned, and on this treatment stolon length at the end of the experiment was similar to that at the beginning. Doubling the stocking rate increased the N returned via excreta to about 1·3 kg N/ha/day, and this increased herbage growth by 53% but suppressed the proportion of clover by 21%, though not the weight of clover. Clover stolon length decreased during the experiment at this stocking rate, both with and without the return of excreta. Sheep live-weight change benefited from the stimulus to herbage growth where excreta were returned at the high stocking rate, but not at the low stocking rate. Treading by 25 sheep/ha increased soil compaction but had no significant (P > 0·05) overall effect on herbage growth and botanical composition. However, treading by double the number of grazing animals significantly reduced herbage growth by 10%, plant root weight by 47% and the proportion of clover in the sward by 11%. Differences in sward performance between stocking rates were due more to the difference in defoliation intensity between these stocking rates than to either treading or the return of excreta.


This essay discusses two immanent challenges for competition policy in online e-commerce markets: the platform character and the role of personalized data. Both phenomena are briefly described from an economic perspective (section 2 and 3) with a focus on how they affect and change competition and markets. Section 4 summarizes landmark antitrust cases and current antitrust concerns re-garding electronic marketplaces like Facebook, Google, or Amazon. Based upon the state of economic theory and the observed patterns of behavior in the landmark cases, implications for competition policy are derived. The essay argues that mo-nopolization and abuse of dominance will be the most relevant areas of competi-tion policy in e-commerce markets, inter alia, due to a naturally more narrow mar-ket structure. Furthermore, abusive strategies may come in a very different shape than on traditional markets. In particular, competition authorities and rules should not only focus on monetary transactions since data plays an important role and may serve as an instrument to exploit consumers or deter competitors. In general, an active competition policy is recommendable in order to keep markets open for further competition and innovation dynamics. Special, more far-reaching regulation beyond the application of an e-commerce-adapted competition policy, however, is not recommendable from an economic perspective and must be expected to do more harm than good.


Transcriptional regulatory networks appear to have an organization similar to a corporation, with top-level managers having the most influence. Transcriptional Chain of Command Systems biology leverages genomic data sets to study the properties of cellular regulatory networks and the effects of perturbation of these networks. Bhardwaj et al. organized transcriptional regulatory networks in Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae into pyramidal hierarchies and used existing data regarding the effect of these genes on cell fitness to show that regulators at the top of the hierarchy exerted the greatest influence. They found that having a higher position in the hierarchy better reflected influence than did the number of targets a particular regulator controlled and that changes in the network (addition of regulatory interactions or removal of nodes) affecting upper-level regulators had a larger impact on cell fitness than did changes affecting lower-level regulators. Thus, transcriptional regulatory networks appear to have an organization similar to a corporation, with top-level managers wielding the most power. Network connectivity has been related to essentiality: Highly connected proteins (hubs) are more important for cell growth and survival. Although this is intuitively reasonable, another way to assess the role of a regulator is to assign it to a level within a "chain-of-command" hierarchy. Here, we analyzed the effects of network rewiring events on transcriptional regulatory hierarchies in two species. First, we superimposed the phenotypic effects of tampering with specific genes and their regulatory connections directly onto the hierarchies. To study second-order effects, which involved changes in the level of regulators within the hierarchy upon deletions or insertions of other regulators or connections, we reconstructed modified hierarchies. We found that rewiring events that affected upper levels had a more marked effect on cell proliferation rate and survival than did those involving lower levels. Moreover, we showed that the hierarchical level and type of change better reflected the phenotypic effect of rewiring than did the number of changes. We also investigated other features connected to the importance of upper-level regulators: In particular, relative to lower-level regulators, upper-level regulators exhibited a greater range of expression values across species, had fewer functionally redundant copies, and had a shorter half-life. Overall, our analysis shows that broadly constructed hierarchies may better reflect the importance of regulators for cell growth than classifications based on the number of connections (hubbiness).


This paper presents a predictive SPICE model for the radiated ElectroMagnetic Interferences (EMI) of a 32-bit microcontroller. The aim of this work is to be able to predict, during the design stage, the level of electromagnetic emissions in order to establish pinout, design or layout rules. This model is intended to represent the EMI behavior of a microcontroller when it is running in a noisy mode (reading accesses to the eNVM Flash memory and CPU running). The simulated results have then been correlated with radiated emission measurements. The model has been simulated with the Eldo simulator while the measurements have been done on a 32-bit STMicroelectronics© microcontroller, following the IEC 61967-2 standard.


Tunisian oases reveal an important genetic heritage of date palm cultivars, with various qualities of use. Since the beginning of the century, this heritage has evolved to a selective orientation based on the monoculture of "Deglet Nour," this orientation risks causing the loss of many cultivars. The male of the date palm is part of this heritage and so far remains marginalized. Although they are important for the date palm production cycle, it is in this context that lies our work to study the genetic diversity of a collection of male date palm pollinators from southern Tunisia. The morphological study of the 20 date palm pollinators using 45 IPGRI (International Plant Genetic Resources Institute) descriptors showed significant discrimination, with a similarity index ranging from 0.207 to 0.457, divided them into five similarity groups. The use of 7 ISSR (Inter Simple Sequences Repeat) primers resulted in 64 reproducible bands, of which 57 were 90% polymorphic, and statistical analysis showed a more or less significant genetic diversity with genetic distances 0.491 to 0.873. According to the Mentel test, a non-significant weak correlation (r = 0.015) was noted between the molecular and morphological data. However, the processing of molecular data by various methods generated very significant correlations. Indeed, the correlation between the SM (Simple matching) coefficient and the DICE coefficient showed an important correlation with r = 0.748, which confirms the discriminating power of the ISSR markers in studying the genetic diversity of date palm pollinators.


Maintenance is an important conservation activity in ensuring the survival of heritage buildings for future generations. Knowledge and practices in this field have essentially shifted toward the sustainability framework, comprised of economic, societal, and environmental parameters. Regarding the environment, low carbon repair became the main item on the sustainability agenda for heritage buildings, and this case study supports this growing agenda by examining the "Green Maintenance" concept and methodology. The study aims to determine the applicability of Green Maintenance in assessing low carbon repair for laterite stone structures based on their embodied carbon expenditure, focusing on St Paul's Church within the Historical City of Melaka, Malaysia. In addition, this study highlights the nature of the maintenance and common techniques and materials used in laterite stone repairs. The results reveal that the most sustainable repair techniques are influenced by the longevity of the repair and the embodied carbon expenditure, represented by the Environmental Maintenance Impact (EMI) of Green Maintenance modeling. The EMI measures the amount of "true" CO2 emissions in a sample of laterite-stone-repair techniques over the selected maintenance period, which can be calculated through the "cradle-to-site" boundary of the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). The study also found that the quality of repair (workmanship), material durability, and selection of materials to deal with specific areas of deterioration are other variables to be considered when determining the most sustainable technique.


Quantitative analysis with the electron microprobe analyzer (EMPA) has yielded more accurate results over time as a result of improvements in ZAF and other correction routines, mass absorption coefficients, synthetic pseudocrystals for ultralight elements, computers, software programs, backscattered electron (BSE) and energy dispersive (EDS) X-ray detectors. Consequently, many geoscientists view EMPA as routine, and details of procedures, standards, and operating conditions are seldom provided in current publications. However, in overseeing a facility with many users, we have learned that acceptable analytical data are sometimes difficult to obtain even with established analytical procedures and a choice of several hundred standards. After novice users have mastered the routines of sample polishing, cleaning, coating, handling and machine focus, their choice of nonoptimal standards often prevents them from obtaining the most accurate results possible. Optimal analysis for geological problems requires choosing appropriate standards, selection of optimal operating conditions, as well as consideration of the possibility of omitted elements, peak and background overlaps, matrix absorption effects, beam damage and elemental migration, reintegration of heterogeneous materials, fluorescence effects, and variations in the oxidation state of iron.


Recently, nitric oxide (NO) has been implicated as an epigenetic factor in keloids, a scarring disease occurring primarily in dark skinned people who have relatively high amounts of pigment melanin. In this work, we tested whether a melanin-mediated redox reaction involving adsorbed NO and O2 can couple NO oxidation with O2 reduction to form reactive oxygen species (ROS) or reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in vitro at pH 7.4. We measured the formation of reactive species that oxidize dihydrorhodamine123 (DHR) to fluorescent rhodamine123 in the presence and absence of sepia melanin. In separate experiments, we monitored NO concentration with 4,5-diaminofluorescein (DAF) by measuring the highly fluorescent NO-adduct, DAF-2T. We attempted to detect peroxynitrite with 5 μM 3-methyl-1,2-cyclopentanedione (MCP), a selective scavenger of peroxynitrite (IC50 = 3.6 μM for ONOO- vs. 63.8 μM and >> 100 μM for NO and O2- respectively). However, MCP itself oxidized DHR. We found that in the absence of NO, melanin itself oxidizes DHR, with no loss of DAF-fluorescence (i.e. no net consumption of NO). In the presence of NO, there was a ~ 57% loss of DAF fluorescence, indicating that NOx is formed at the expense of NO. The data provided good fit (r2 = 0.94) to a Langmuir adsorption isotherm, with pseudo first order rate k' = 8.2 × 107) s-1 and adsorption coefficient Kad = 4.04 M-1. Both of these parameters are consistent with a facile chemisorption reaction between NO and O2 on the melanin surface. Possible reactions are a) NO and O2- → ONOO- and/or b) 2NO + O2 → 2NO2. The latter reaction is disfavored in solution but is significantly accelerated on the melanin surface via an entropy effect.


The article attempts to analyse the language of advertising from numerousaspects: phonological and lexico-semantic. These two types were distinguished minorsubtypes to scrutinize them meticulously. The illustrations were cited from distinct Englishnewspapers. The explication was supplied before examples to make them morecomprehensible for the readers.


92008 ?? 33 1214 Received 2.8.2007 ; a cepted 5.5.2008 Copyright © 8 MSJ Introduction The ho s musk shrew (Suncus murinus) is one of 15 species in the genus Suncus (Abe 1985). This species is widely distributed from the Middle East and the Indian subcontinent to Southeast Asia, from tropical to subtropical regions, and its northernmost recorded habitat is in Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan (Corbet and Hill 1992). In Japan, the house musk shrew has been an established laboratory animal since 1973, and several laboratory strains currently exist (e.g., KAT, NAG, RYU, TESS; Oda 1991). This is the only widely used laboratory animal belonging to the Insectivora; suncus is utilized for a variety of purposes, including emesis studies (Ueno et al. 1987; Uchino et al. 2006). The house musk shrew exhibits extreme morphological variations. For example, its body weight varies threeto fourfold among wild populations: male shrews in Bangladesh weigh more than 150 g, while males in Guam are less than 50 g (Tomita et al. 1984; Ishikawa et al. 1989). Variations also exist in the dentition (Hanamura et al. 1979; Jogahara et al. 2007), chromosome number (Minesawa 1985), and coat color (Iseki et al. 1984; Ishikawa et al. 1986, 1987, 1989). Moreover, mutations in coat color (cream and white) and eye color (red-eyed dilution) occur in wild populations (Oda and Shigehara 1978; Ohno et al. 1992, 1994). The most prominent form of albinism in mice is a tyrosinase gene mutation that results in a white coat and red eyes (Beermann et al. 2004). However, mutations in other pigment genes result in diverse phenotypes in mice and humans (Tomita and Suzuki 2004; Hearing 2005). Thus, phenotypic observations cannot determine if the tyrosinase gene mutation is present. Moreover, individuals with a white coat and normal eye color occur in many species, including the house musk shrew (Oda and Shigehara 1978). Hence, an albino-like shrew is defined as one having a pure white coat and red eyes (Fig. 1a). Three albino-like house musk shrews were captured on Okinawa Island, Japan. In this report, past capture records of albino-like house musk shrews in the Ryukyu Archipelago were reviewed and integrated present capture records to determine their distribution. Additionally, the captured albino-like house musk shrews were maintained in the laboratory, and bred with the RYU strain of suncus established from Okinawa Island. The RYU strain had been kept for over 4 years and over 60 litters have been obtained, although no record exists of coat color variation or albinism and red eyes. This is thus a report of preliminary findings on the inheritance of the albino-like gene. Five albino-like house musk shrews from Okinawa and Tarama Islands have been recorded since 1968 (Table 1). Although the house musk shrew is a common


Architectures of Arti cial Neural Networks Christoph M. Friedrich University of Witten/Herdecke Inst. for Technology Development and Systems Analysis Alfred-Herrhausen Str. 44 58455 Witten, Germany firstname.lastname@example.com Claudio Moraga University of Dortmund Department of Computer Science 44221 Dortmund, Germany firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract This paper deals with the combination of Evolutionary Algorithms and Arti cial Neural Networks (ANN). A new method is presented, to nd good building-blocks for architectures of Arti cial Neural Networks. The method is based on Cellular Encoding, a representation scheme by F. Gruau, and on Genetic Programming by J. Koza. First it will be shown that a modi ed Cellular Encoding technique is able to nd good architectures even for non-boolean networks. With the help of a graph-database and a new graph-rewriting method, it is secondly possible to build architectures from modular structures. The information about buildingblocks for architectures is obtained by statistically analyzing the data in the graphdatabase. Simulation results for two realworld problems are given.


One of the main objectives of the current LINAC30 upgrading program is to reduce the energy inhomogeneity of the accelerated beam. This is necessary, first of all, for improving the efficiency of nearthreshold nuclear-physical experimentation at the accelerator, when it is of importance to provide the highest electron density on the working target in a narrow energy range. An important task is also to reduce the beam losses due to the energy spread during beam formation and transport with an aim to improve the radiation environment in the whole accelerator-physical complex. This is of particular importance when the accelerator is operated at maximum current conditions (∼100 μA) for supporting all nuclear-physics and radiation programs. From general physical considerations and operational experience of the basic facility LINAC-30, it appears possible to solve successfully the assigned tasks and to reduce the energy spread (half-width of the spectrum) to less than 5% for the accelerator operation under steady-state conditions only upon an essential improvement in the conditions of electron bunch formation and upon attaining small phase widths (∼15◦). This can be provided only with radical improvement of the injector system. Another mandatory requirement here is an accurate adjustment of the microwave power supply system of the sections and the minimization of amplitude-phase instabilities due to pulse modulator imperfection of klystrons (i.e., obtaining small-front modulating voltage impulses of klystrons with small amplitude fluctuations of no more than 1% within a pulse and from pulse to pulse). 2. CALCULATION OF DYNAMICS OF PARTICLES IN THE LINAC-30 WITH A VARIOUS CONFIGURATION OF ACCELERATING STRUCTURES


Peristenus howardi Shaw (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is a newly discovered species and recently described (Day et al., 1999). This is the first parasitoid ofLygus species reported from the Pacific Northwest and is of economic importance due to the high parasitism rates (87.4%) shown in preliminary studies. Lygus species are ofparticular concern due to their damage in seed crops valued at over $46 million in Washington State alone.


The progress of silicon LSI technology has made it possible to realize supercomputers with more than Giga FLOPS performances. It is necessary to shrink the processor size down to I cm cubic for further decrease of machine cycle time within the next ten to twenty yea,s for Tera FLOPS supercomputing, when circuit delay and power dissipation should be reduced by several orders of magnitude. Quantum Flux parametron (eFp) device u,zl is one of the most promising candidates for the high performance supercomputer. The quite notable advantage of QFP devices is the extremely low power consumption and fast switching speed, as compared in the speed-power diagram in Fig. I t}l. A supercomputer, utilizing 107 gate QFp devices dissipates only l0 mW (lnWgatexl07), while conventionai silicon LSI system should melt down due to the high power density of about 10 kW (lmWgatexl07). This paper describes the scaling principle and physical limitations of eFp devices to evaluate th9 possibility of realizing a supercomputer on 1 cm2 chip. It also evaluates the possibility of fabricaring QFp circuits based on the high Tc superconductor material technologies.


Oxidations of 99.99% Cu plates were carried out at various times and temperatures in an effort to study the morphology of the oxides at various oxidation temperatures. Growth of oxides was found to be a function of temperature. Grain boundary growth dominates low temperature oxidation whereas at intermediate to high temperature, oxide thickens by bulk diffusion. Surface oxides were studied by field emission scanning electron microscope and it was found that at 400° C, the surface layer of the oxide formed nanowires. The nanowires were characterized as CuO with diameter 40–50 nm. The length of the tubes was estimated to be around 3 μm with the longest reaching 5 μm.


This article is a comparative study of perspectives of the Second World War in contemporary school history textbooks from England, Japan, Sweden, Italy and the United States. In the article the author examines the extent to which interpretations of the Second World War differ in the textbooks of each nation as well as the relationship between perspectives and contemporary political agendas. Research on developments in Germany is used as an anchor against which to compare developments in the five countries. Having described and analysed differences the author then investigates the extent to which students in the five countries may be expected to engage with perspectives offered. To construct alternative interpretations of the conflict the author supports an interpretative understanding of the discipline of history based in a neo-hermeneutic reading of the subject.


Petrological studies of a serpentinized garnet lherzolite body in Rongcheng of the Su-Lu region of eastern China revealed unusually high pressure. Spinel lherzolite probably in a subducting slab was transformed to garnet lherzolite at mantle depth. During exhumation, they were subsequently subjected to the granulite and then amphibolite overprinting and a phase of serpentinization. The peak P–T conditions of the garnet lherzolite estimated after detailed analysis of the metamorphic texture are 4–5 GPa and 820°C or 5–6 GPa and 780°C, depending on the chosen geothermobarometers. The lower dP/dT of the garnet lherzolite can be interpreted as the results of subduction of an old (say 100 Ma older than the time of collision) and cold, slab underneath the margin of the Sino–Korean craton.


Srinivas Tavva International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, Afghanistan Roberto Tellaria International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, Amman Zewdie Bishaw International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, Ethiopia Niane Abdul Aziz International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, Lebanon Serkan Ates International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, Jordan


Defoliation, often induced by herbivores, and soil microbiomes are recognized as key drivers of plant diversity and productivity in grasslands. However, lack of experiments simultaneously manipulating defoliation and soil microbial diversity has constrained our understanding of how these two factors interactively influence both above‐ground and below‐ground net primary productivity (ANPP and BNPP).

We employed a soil filtering approach to create the gradient of soil microbial diversity and removal of above‐ground biomass by clipping to simulate defoliation effect from herbivores. Our goal was to investigate how soil microbial diversity affected both ANPP and BNPP under the stress of defoliation.

We found that defoliation and soil microbial diversity loss decreased the ANPP and BNPP of the plant community, and Medicago falcata (legume) was more responsive to these treatments than Leymus chinensis (grass) and Artemisia frigida (forb). ANPP was positively correlated with soil microbial richness only when plants suffered defoliation. By contrast, BNPP showed a closer relationship with soil fungal richness than bacteria, and defoliation enhanced this relationship. The structural equation model (SEM) showed that defoliation indirectly regulated ANPP by affecting plant P content, while soil bacterial diversity loss decreased the ANPP through altering plant P and fungal diversity loss directly decreased BNPP. The LEfSe and linear regression analysis revealed that the biomarkers of bacteria (e.g. Actinobacteria, Xanthobacteraceae) and fungi (e.g. Ascomycota, Glomerales) significantly contributed to the variation of ANPP and BNPP under defoliation treatment respectively. Defoliation enhanced phosphorus acquisition by soil microorganisms, further strengthening the microbial regulation of plant productivity.

Overall, we provide novel insights on how defoliation enhances the positive effects of soil microbial diversity on above‐ and below‐ground net primary productivity. Our findings highlight that soil microorganisms associated with phosphorus cycling are mobilized to play a more active role in promoting productivity after defoliation. It may provide a new perspective on how to better utilize the role of soil microorganisms in grazed or managed grasslands.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.


Applying a high-frequency lateral vibration between tip and sample in a scanning force microscope (SFM), a harmonically modulated lateral (friction) force image can be obtained using lock-in techniques. Harmonically modulated lateral force microscopy (HM-LFM) offers several advantages compared with standard lateral force microscopy (LFM). After a brief investigation of the scan velocity dependence of LFM and HM-LFM, two samples were investigated. First, the surface of a poly(acrylonitrile-co-styrene)/polybutadiene blend (ABS) was used to demonstrate the ability of the new technique to decrease the stick effects of the SFM tip. Second, an interface between two chemically very similar polymers was prepared by melting polypropylene (PP) and poly(propene-block-ethene) (PP-block-PE) films on each other. After cutting, the surface roughness of this sample was very high. It is shown that only HM-LFM clearly resolves the local micromechanical properties without artefacts.


BACKGROUND
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) represent a challenge for the dentist seeking to prescribe medications. Understanding the medical management of renal insufficiency and the pharmacokinetics of common dental drugs will aid clinicians in safely treating these patients.

TYPES OF STUDIES REVIEWED
The authors reviewed the literature concerning the medical and pharmacological management of CKD. They reviewed the pharmacokinetic effects of drugs described in case reports and research articles and obtained from them recommendations regarding the use of drugs and adjustment of dosages.

CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS
Because CKD is progressive, patients have varying levels of renal function but do not yet have end-stage renal disease. Some drugs that dentists prescribe commonly may worsen a patient's renal function, lead to drug toxicity or both. Managing the care of patients and prescribing medications tailored to their needs begin with a recognition of the patient with renal disease at risk of developing adverse effects. Clinicians can identify these patients from information obtained in their medical histories and from the drugs they may be taking.

CONCLUSIONS
To treat patients with kidney disease, clinicians must recognize those at risk, have knowledge of the pharmacokinetic changes that occur and recognize that adjustment of drug dosages often is needed.


Insulated methods of compact bus duct has been applied a way of coating Epoxy powder. The problem which is caused by degradation during operation is very important in severe environment. Therefore, this study compared and verified many kind of properties ; electrical breakdown by thermal and water aging, v-t characteristic, arc discharge, mechanical properties, bending test and cross cut. Sample D was stable before the to be about decrease in the breakdown test according to temperature change. In case of V-t and arc discharge, it had been kept up suitable characteristic. Also, in case of electrical and mechanical characteristic, both sample D and A have excellent capacity.


Software engineering is a well-established field for the design and development of software systems that support each type of enterprise from the midsize to the large-scale. The software development life cycle (SDLC) consisting of requirements, design and development phases. Cloud computing provides many benefits for organizations to get the opportunity to invest in their works and focus on their area of specializations. This book is aimed to investigate cloud computing paradigm, software development life cycle to provide a characteristics for cloud computing software development life cycle. The purpose is to provide a characteristic to develop software for cloud paradigm or Platform as a Service. The proposed characteristics of the methodology include web service development, SOA Software Oriented Architecture, Agile software engineering methodologies that involve cloud provider to help on developing software by using existing API from other software developer of current cloud computing developer.


As forest geneticists consider physiological adaptations of forest tree populations under various climate change scenarios, they must also take into account likely impacts from new insect pest and disease introductions, as well as increased natural disturbances from native pests. What lessons can be learned from past investments in disease and pest resistance research and genetic improvement, particularly with the challenges of climate change scenarios? Can more generic and general resistance be developed to offset potential new pest and disease problems that will arise within a time frame of less than a decade? The world's main commercial tree improvement programmes have focused primarily on productivity improvements in the first few generations of breeding, Tree improvement programmes for forest health – can they keep pace with climate changes?


McClintock apologized for not being able to supply reprints for some old articles and briefly outlined her work on ring chromosomes.


Temperature effects significantly reduce load ratings of reinforced concrete openspandrel arch bridges, particularly when temperature drop is included in the analyses. Because of the non-linear axial force-moment (P-M) capacity interaction behavior, lower dead load factor results in a lower rating factor. For a symmetrical structure, the eccentricity (moment to axial force ratio) at every location in an arch rib due to uniform temperature changes is geometry dependent and it is an important factor affecting load ratings. The uniform temperature effect is more significant for bridges with lower rise to span ratios (flatter geometry) because the eccentricity is higher. Based on limited field measurements uniform temperature is observed only in the early morning after the heat has dispatched overnight and before the structure is subjected to solar heat. Vertical temperature gradient in the arch rib significantly depends on the exposure to the sun. The vertical temperature gradient in each rib does not appear to follow any pattern. Additional data will be needed to develop an applicable procedure to include vertical temperature gradient for open-spandrel arch bridge rating analyses.


The structure of magnetic fields within protostellar disks may be studied via polarimetry provided that grains are aligned with respect to the magnetic field within the disks. We explore the alignment of dust grains by radiative torque in T Tauri disks and provide predictions for polarized emission for disks viewed at different wavelengths and viewing angles. We show that the alignment is especially efficient in the outer parts of the disks. In the presence of a magnetic field, these aligned grains produce polarized emission in infrared wavelengths. We consider a simple disk model and provide predictions for polarization that are available to the present-day instruments that do not resolve the disks and will be available to future instruments that will resolve the disks. We find that the polarized emission drops for wavelengths shorter than ~10 μm. Between ~10 and ~100 μm, the polarized emission is dominated by the emission from the surface layer, and the degree of polarization can be as large as ~10% for unresolved disks. We find that the degree of polarization at these wavelengths is very sensitive to the size distribution of dust grains in the disk surface layer, which should allow for the testing of the predicted grain-size distributions. The degree of polarization in the far-infrared/submillimeter wavelengths is sensitive to the size distribution of dust grains in the disk interior. When we take a Mathis-Rumpl-Nordsieck-type distribution with maximum grain size of 500-1000 μm, the degree of polarization is around the 2%-3% level at wavelengths larger than ~100 μm. Our study indicates that multifrequency infrared polarimetric studies of protostellar disks can provide good insights into the details of their magnetic structure.


Parenting styles are said to have impact on interpersonal skill and mental health of young adults. Disorganized parenting style can influence parent child relationship and cause increased level of stress and anxiety in the family surroundings. This present study is conducted to investigate the relationship between parenting styles, peer relationship, and mental health among young adults in Malaysia. One hundred and thirty students were selected through random sampling from a total population of 5216 students at a private university. They are given Parental Authority Questionnaire-Revised (PAQ-R), McGill Friendship Questionnaire Respondent's Affection (MFQ-RA), and Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS 21). The results of the study demonstrated a significant relationship between parenting styles and peer relationship respectively. On the other hand, there was no significant difference in mental health by peer relationship. Despite that, there was significant relationship between parenting style and mental health where children who were raised by parents who adopted an authoritarian parenting style have higher tendency to experience mental health problem. In brief, this study suggested that authoritative parenting style promoted good relationship between peers among young adults and their mental health. Further research on the strategies for awareness, prevention and intervention programs should be conducted to help improve Malaysian young adults' mental health in the future.


Azelastine is a novel antiallergy medication currently under investigation for the treatment of allergic rhinitis and asthma. Pharmacologic studies in laboratory animals and in vitro model systems indicate that azelastine exerts multiple actions including modulation of airways smooth muscle response, interference with inflammatory processes, and inhibition of allergic reactions. In a previous controlled clinical trial, azelastine nasal solution (ASTELIN N.S.™) demonstrated effectiveness in controlling symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR). The objective of this 2-week double-blind, parallel-group study was to further assess the effectiveness of azelastine nasal solution in improving allergic rhinitis symptoms. Two hundred forty-seven patients (≥12 years) with symptomatic SAR who satisfied a minimum symptoms score during a 1-week, single-blind, baseline evaluation period were randomized to receive azelastine 2 sprays per nostril bid, azelastine 2 sprays per nostril qd, chlorpheniramine 12 mg bid, or placebo using a double-dummy technique to insure blinding. The primary efficacy variables were changes in Major Symptom Complex (nose blows, sneezes, runny nose/sniffles, itch nose, and watery eyes) and Total Symptom Complex (Major plus itchy eyes/ears/throat/palate, cough, and postnasal drip) severity scores. Patients treated with azelastine nasal solution qd and bid had mean percent improvements in the Total and Major Symptom Complex severity scores that were clinically significant (≥50% improvement over placebo) after both weeks, at endpoint, and overall. The improvements for the azelastine bid group were statistically significant (P≤.05) at all evaluation points. Adverse experiences occurred infrequently, and none was considered serious or potentially limiting to the clinical utility of the nasal solution. The favorable safety profile of azelastine nasal solution together with its rapid onset and prolonged duration of action in relieving rhinitis symptoms and advantages over currently marketed topical treatments make it a good choice for treatment of SAR. The results of this trial demonstrate that azelastine nasal solution provides an alternative to oral medication in the treatment of SAR.


The article reviews the pros and cons of foreign investment in the U.S. shipping and shipbuilding industry, noting that foreign management techniques applied to U.S. manufacturing plants have led to greatly reduced labor turnover, greater labor satisfaction, increased capital investment etc, and as a result, generally higher productivity. It also estimates the possible impact on the U.S. shipping and shipbuilding industry, and how U.S. maritime policy might be affected if foreign ownership/management becomes a reality. Foreign participation in ownership by joint venture or otherwise may be desirable as long as measures are taken which prevent foreign control of major elements of the industry.


Three-layered superlattices are formed from a periodic repetition of three different slabs. Closed-form expressions for the study of bulk and surface polaritons in such materials are given in this paper with a few illustrative applications.


A content analysis of editorials produced a number of orientational dimensions which differentiate between three British prestige and three British mass papers. These orientations are interpreted as formal (rather than substantive) marks of distinction, which not only characterize the differences between prestige and mass newspaper editorials but also the different congnitive styles of elites and masses in general. These orientations, then, are seen as specifications of more abstract and general principles of information processing for a particular time and place.


Mangrove is known as a unique and complex ecosystem, located in the intertidal zone vulnerable to anthropogenic pressures. In this study, we analyzed the floristic composition and relationship between species density and soil properties of mangrove forests in Teluk Adang Nature Reserve (TANR), East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Data were collected by establishing 6 transects placed perpendicular to the sea. The results showed that there were 14 species of mangroves in TANR. The current remaining stand has not been disturbed by human intervention. Rhizophora apiculata dominated all growth strata (seedlings, saplings, and trees) with the Important Value Index (IVI) of 98.22%; 127.73%, 144.03%, respectively. Ecologically, the density and distribution of Rhizophora apiculata correlated with soil texture conditions such as silt and clay. The tree density of mangroves in TANR was classified as low with an average of 606.67±147.230 ind ha-1. The average values of diameter, height, and basal area were 18.16±2.119 cm; 12.24±2.667 m; 42.56±2.255 m ha-1, respectively. The Margalef species richness index and Shannon Wienner diversity index in TANR were in the low-to-moderate category. To improve the condition of the disturbed mangrove forests, it should be immediately restored by considering the result of the analysis of the current composition and structure of mangrove vegetation.


IPF is characterized by an irreversible loss of lung function associated with RSB, dyspnea, and hypoxemia, which often leads to death within 3–5 years due to respiratory failure. Inflammation and abnormal wound healing of the interstitial and alveolar spaces in the lungs with excessive proliferation of myofibroblasts (over‐secretion/expression of collagens and α‐smooth muscle actin, α‐SMA) result in fibrosis. Substance P (SP) is known to participate in fibrosis in multiple organs, such as cardiac, renal and liver fibrosis, and wound healing process, but its role in pathogenesis of IPF is unexplored. Because inflammation mediators could stimulate bronchopulmonary C‐fibers (PCFs) to release SP (the major source of inflammatory SP releasing in the lungs) and evoke neurogenic inflammation and RSB (dyspnea), here we asked whether PCFs and neurogenic SP would involve in the pathogenesis of IPF. To this end, four groups of mice pretreated with neonatal capsaicin (for PCF degeneration) or its vehicle received endotracheally (by transoral route) saline (Ctrl) or bleomycin (BLM) respectively. On the 21st day post pretreatment, ventilation, heart rate, and SpO2 were measured. After subsequent euthanasia, BALF and the right lung tissues were collected to detect inflammatory cells, SP, and hydroxyproline, while the left lungs were fixed for histological assessment of IPF, pulmonary inflammation, and α‐SMA immunoreactivity. The results showed that in PCF intact mice, BLM induced RSB, hypoxemia, IPF (upregulation of pulmonary SP, α‐SMA, and hydroxyproline), and pulmonary inflammation. PCF degeneration: 1) eliminated the BLM‐induced RSB and SP upregulation; 2) failed to affect the BLM‐induced hypoxemia; and 3) aggravated IPF (upregulation of α‐SMA and hydroxyproline) and pulmonary inflammation. Our results suggest that PCFs are responsible for the BLM‐induced RSB. On the other hand, PCFs, likely via releasing SP, are protective for the lungs from genesis of IPF through suppressing pulmonary inflammation, α‐SMA and hydroxyproline.


RNA movements and localization pervade biology, from embryonic development to disease. To identify RNAs at specific subcellular locations, we anchored a uridine-adding enzyme at those sites, which then marked RNAs in its vicinity with 3' terminal uridines. RNAs were tagged independent of their translation status, and included not only mRNAs, but also ncRNAs and ncRNA processing intermediates. A battery of RNAs, including the stress sensor, IRE1, were tagged at both ER and mitochondria, and reveal RNAs whose dual localization is conserved from yeast to human cells.


OBJECTIVES
Lupus anticoagulant (LA) detection requires (1) prolongation of a phospholipid (PL)-dependent clot-based screening assay, (2) noncorrection upon adding normal pooled plasma, and (3) a confirmatory PL dependency test. Paired LA assays run screening and confirmatory tests simultaneously, with their test ratio (TR) or differences used to evaluate test results. We evaluated patients whose paired testing demonstrated PL dependence suggestive of LA, yet the low PL screen was not prolonged.

METHODS
Clinical and laboratory parameters are compared across (1) true positive (screen prolonged, TR positive) vs borderline (screen not prolonged, TR positive); (2) low-, moderate-, and high-TR subgroups; and (3) dilute Russell viper venom time (dRVVT) vs silica clotting time (SCT).

RESULTS
Borderline samples are not statistically different from true positives in their rate of repeat LA positivity or association with other anti-PL antibodies. Compared with true positives, borderline dRVVT is more frequent in pregnancy, women, and younger age. Elevated activated partial thromboplastin time is more frequent in true-positive dRVVT and SCT vs borderline and with an increasing dRVVT TR. LA persistence is more frequent with an increasing SCT TR. In addition, dRVVT true positivity is more frequent with thromboembolic events, while SCT is more frequent with autoimmunity and pregnancy complications.

CONCLUSIONS
Negative low-PL screens may not necessarily lack LA. A reevaluation of the laboratory criteria for LA detection may be needed.


Color image sensor for generating an image signal (114) representing the object (100). Color image sensor includes an optical sensor (112), the optical sensor an image of the object in different colors of light corresponding regions (131, 132, 133) the image pickup device configured to form on each of the (101, 102, 103) and a. Photosensor sensor elements (e.g., 121) has a serve to generate an image signal in response to light incident thereon.


106 OHIO VALLEY HISTORY King ought to be memorialized often revealed disagreements between those committed to highlighting nonthreatening themes of love and peace as opposed to those hoping to acknowledge King's commitment to economic justice and his more controversial antiwar stance. Chapter 4 examines the redevelopment of Kelly Ingram Park in Birmingham, Alabama, in the 1990s. According to the author, the park was central to struggles for civil rights in the 1960s and the redesign included new memorials that explicitly, in a plain visual language, evoked key moments from the city's tumultuous history. Upton concludes that the current array of memorials in Kelly Ingram Park "mark the outer limits of what can be said in the context of contemporary southern urban politics" (170). Chapter 5 considers the "dual heritage" approach at the State House Grounds in Columbia, South Carolina, where an African American history monument was unveiled in 2001 as part of a compromise that included the removal of the Confederate battle flag from the capitol dome. Sculptor Ed Dwight created a memorial that alludes to the most painful and triumphant moments in African American history, including visual representations of emancipation, Reconstruction, and Jim Crow without upsetting white sensibilities. The book concludes with a consideration of several memorials that defy the "dual heritage" strategy. The removal of Confederate monuments and the turn against the legacy of the Lost Cause over the past two years has left empty pedestals in many cities and towns across the South. Upton's What Can and Can't Be Said points to the possibilities and challenges of embracing new monuments, memorials, and other commemorative forms that transcend the notion of separate and distinct histories and embrace the collective values and past of all Americans. Kevin M. Levin Boston, Massachusetts


The necessity of online power quality monitoring is discussed, and a power quality monitoring system based on communal telephone network is presented. The distributed system configuration is applied, which is composed of station terminal unit, monitoring center and communal telephone network. The system structure, functions, measuring points and algorithms, design and implementation, and application instances are mainly introduced.


This masters thesis deals with smoke spread via ventilation systems. One aim of the thesis is to investigate and explain the differences in efforts to prevent smoke spread via ventilation systems in different countries. A second aim of this thesis is to investigate how frequently occurring smoke spread via ventilation systems in Swedish buildings are. A third aim is to investigate how uncertainties in input variables to smoke spread calculations will affect the result of calculation. To be able to do this the most important input variables are identified and analysed. A calculation example is also conducted in the end of the thesis where a supply and exhaust system is analysed with an event tree and the computer program PFS.


▪ Abstract After recalling the principle of the Hipparcos mission and of the data reduction, the main statistical features of the final Hipparcos and Tycho catalogues are presented. The results, characterized by accuracies in annual proper motions and parallaxes of the order of one milliarcsecond have been already widely used for astrophysical investigations described in this review. In the field of galactic kinematics, new results were obtained in the analysis of the motions of nearby stars, the evolution of OB associations, and the modeling of the Gould Belt. An important result is that, on average, stars are farther apart than previously thought. Among the consequences is a reconciliation between the ages of the Universe and globular clusters. In particular, the evolutionary sequences of metal-poor stars need to be reassessed. The HR diagram is now extended to the giant horizontal branch and A stars in the main sequence. The Hyades are seen for the first time in three dimensions, allowing a detailed de...


Recent success of coherent elastic [1] and incoherent inelastic [2] Moessbauer scattering of synchrotron radiation (SR) in investigations of very delicate properties of the condensed matter makes also urgent performing of experiments on coherent inelastic Moessbauer scattering (CIMS) of synchrotron radiation (Common meaning of the term CIMS is coherent inelastic Moessbauer scattering accompanied by creation or annihilation of phonons in the crystal lattice, i.e. by very low energy losses of SR quanta). However up to now there were no publications on experimental observation of CIMS so there is a need in theoretical investigations revealing most favorable conditions for CIMS observation. The theory of CIMS is presented below and applied to specific processes of CIMS such as forward scattering, scattering at grazing incidence angles, scattering via a cascade of Moessbauer transitions. It is shown that the phase matching (between the incident and scattered beam) is very important for the angular and frequency distribution in CIMS and processes where phase-matching can be reached are the best candidates for CIMS experimental investigations. The performed analysis shows that because of the phase-matching demands the forward CIMS is suppressed significantly in comparison with the coherent elastic Moessbauer scattering [3] and more favorable for observation is CIMS at nonzero scattering angle. Some examples of CIMS specific geometries are discussed. In particular, it is shown that for the grazing CIMS at isotope interface (a plane interface between regions with different abundance of the Moessbauer isotope) there is enhancement of CIMS at the critical angle of total reflection and suppression of CIMS at angles below the critical one [4]. Another possibility of CIMS in more general meaning of the term is Moessbauer scattering of SR via a cascade of Moessbauer transitions (CIMC) which is connected with huge losses of energy by SR quanta in the process [5]. Analysis of CIMC for the two transitions cascade in Fe57 and the corresponding calculations are presented. Optimal conditions of experimental observation for various cases of CIMS are discussed.


The formation of an area with certain characteristics that have the potential to grow and develop certain industries As a prime mover for regional development and encourage increased industrial and regional economic growth. The purpose of this study is to analyze the South Sumatra Industrial Growth Center Area in the development of industrial growth areas. The approach taken is a qualitative analysis by looking at portraits in the field. With the formation of this Industrial Growth Center Area, it will become clearer the direction and strategy to be carried out by the level I or level II district and city governments, so that good strategies and planning can be prepared to encourage economic development, especially in the South Sumatra region, so that with the This WPPI can be expected to provide progress and prosperity for the community with a multiplier effect created.


Abstract Astrophysical limitations do not exclude a possibility that some number of dark matter primordial Black Holes (BHs), barionic as well as nonbarionic in origin, seeded in the interiors of the Earth at the epoch of planet condensation in the young Solar System. We show that limitations on the neutrino radiation due to the BH quantum evaporation and accretion growth of BH completely forbid the existence of primordial BHs of any mass in the Earth.


The concepts of property and liberalism are related; as the second one turns the
first one into inviolable and and sacred right, sinve it is part of natural rights. We
describe in the present work the the historical disagreements tha arise when a liberal
state is proclaimed market for the continuity of some features inherited from their.
traditional origin. The right of property, for its part, is the foundation of economic
liberalism. Crucial aspect for our historical reality marked by an agricultural
economic whit several conflicts for the of the territory and therefore, whith a source
of instability of property as a right.


Patient and public involvement has become a central tenet of health care policy, internationally shaping health services and policy (Department of Health, 2008). It reflects the goal of encouraging participative democracy, public accountability and transparency in society. The World Health Organisation's declaration of Alma Ata states that 'the people have the rights and duty to participate individually and collectively in the planning and implementation of their health care' (WHO, 1978). Many European countries now involve patients and the public in decision making as part of the governance of health care systems (WHO, 2006). In the United Kingdom, there is now a legal obligation to involve patients and the public in developing plans and making decisions about local health services, with a duty placed on National Health Service organisations to involve users in planning services; in changing service provision and in decisions affecting the operation of services (Department of Health, 2007). In addition, policy has encouraged patient and public involvement in health and social care research, including nursing research. Organisations such as INVOLVE in the United Kingdom have been established to promote the involvement of users in all stages of research including the identification of topics, prioritisation, commissioning, designing research, managing research, undertaking research, analysis and interpretation, dissemination and evaluation (INVOLVE, 2004). INVOLVE encourage more active forms of involvement, such as collaborative involvement, where users are seen as active partners and may be involved in planning or making decisions about the research process, rather than just being consulted about a study or as a source of data. Internationally, interest in patient and public involvement is increasing, particularly around the potential for involvement in clinical research. The PatientPartner project was started in May 2008 by the Dutch Genetic Alliance, UK's Genetic Interest Group, the European Genetic Alliance and the European forum for Good Clinical Practice. The aim of this 3-year coordination action will be to identify the patients' needs for partnership in the clinical trials context rather than only rely on patients as subjects within research (http://www.patientpartner-europe.eu/ Accessed 10 March 2009). This distinction between different levels of involvement is an important one. Collaborative forms of involvement are thought to achieve better quality research, which might lead to better quality services (Smith, et al., 2005). Some research funders in the United Kingdom request that researchers specify how they involve users in a study and indicate the level of involvement. In future such funders may monitor the outcomes of user involvement. Like others, the Health Technology Programme in the United Kingdom has developed guidance on patient and public involvement and evaluated the extent of public influence in the NHS Journal of Research in Nursing ©2009 SAGE PUBLICATIONS Los Angeles, London, New Delhi and Singapore VOL 14 (4) 295–298 DOI: 10.1177/ 1744987109106811 GU E S T E D I TOR I A L


The effect of environmental contaminants on health is a major concern because over the last two decades, several studies worldwide have shown how chemicals present in our environment can profoundly affect the etiology of some chronic diseases. Indeed, pesticides toxicity has been clearly demonstrated to alter neurological functions and numerous epidemiological studies have shown a relationship between pesticides exposure and the etiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) [1,2]. However, epidemiological results are inconclusive because there is considerable heterogeneity in results likely due to statistical analysis, methodological differences, study design, control selection, differences in exposure assessment methods and diagnosis of patients.


The sea urchin has long been used as an invertebrate model organism in developmental biology, membrane transport and sperm oocyte interactions, and for the assessment of marine pollution. This review explores the effects of cryopreservation and biobanking in the biology and development of sea urchins, all the way from germaplasm through to juveniles. This review will provide an integral view of the process and all that is known so far about the biology of cryopreserved sea urchins, as well as provide an insight on the applications of the biobanking of these model organisms.


Please see the more recent version of this paper titled: The Dynamics of Default and Debt Reorganization. This paper documents the fact that in the presence of direct bankruptcy costs, prior to bankruptcy, it becomes in creditors collective interest to reduce their own contractual cash-flow claims. It analyses the pricing and efficiency implications of debt forgiveness within a fully dynamic, continuous time model. Polar cases are considered in which the balance of bargaining power in debt contract renegotiation favours either debtors or creditors. Simple closed form solutions are derived for equity and debt values, debt capacity and capital structure of the firm throughout its existence. A complete comparative analysis of the agency costs and the evolution of the firms capital structure is provided.


In the present paper, the parametric decay instability of the pump X-mode into electron Bernstein wave (EBW) near second harmonics of electron cyclotron frequency and IBW at different harmonics (/spl omega/ >


Ternary intermetallic compounds, Mg21xPrxNi4 (0.6 ̄ x ̄ 1.4) were synthesized by induction melting and investigated with respect to hydrogenation properties and structural changes. These compounds have a cubic C15b-type Laves structure (space group F-43m), where Mg and Pr have an ordered arrangement. The lattice parameters increased from a = 0.70101(3) nm to a = 0.71726(8) nm with increase of the Pr content. Mg1.4Pr0.6Ni4 and Mg1.2Pr0.8Ni4 absorbed and desorbed hydrogen up to 30.7H/M reversibly through one plateau in the p-c isotherms. The stoichiometric MgPrNi4 showed two plateaus and its maximum hydrogen content reached to 31.0H/M at 35MPa. The enthalpy changes of hydrides formation of Mg1.4Pr0.6Ni4 and Mg1.2Pr0.8Ni4 were estimated to be 139.2 and 140.3 kJ/mol H2 respectively. The enthalpy changes of hydrides formation of MgPrNi4 at the lower and higher plateaus were estimated to be 142.4 and 119.6 kJ/mol H2 respectively. The metal sublattice of hydrides Mg1.4Pr0.6Ni4H34 and Mg1.2Pr0.8Ni4H34 had cubic ordered C15b-type Laves structure same as the crystal structure before hydrogenation while hydride at the lower plateau of the stoichiometric MgPrNi4 had an orthorhombic structure. The hydrogenation of Mg0.8Pr1.2Ni4 and Mg0.6Pr1.4Ni4 led to amorphization. [doi:10.2320/matertrans.M2011334]


A randomized control trial was done between January and December of 2018, in the Department of Anaesthesia, Analgesia, Palliative & Intensive Care Medicine of Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh, to evaluate the preventive effect of pregabalin on succinylcholine induced adverse effects, i.e., fasciculation, myalgia and hyperkaliemia in spine surgery. Sixty patients of elective spine surgery under general anaesthesia were selected and divided into two groups. Pregabalin 150 mg was given to one group and matching placebo was given to another group orally with sips of water one hour before surgery. Succinylcholine 1.5 mg/kg was given after induction agent. Muscle fasciculation was observed just after succinylcholine administration. Serum potassium was measured 5 minutes before induction and 5 minutes after succinylcholine administration. After completion of surgery reversal was given. Time of first analgesic demand was recorded. Injection Morphine 0.15 mg/kg intramuscular was given when patient complained about pain. Myalgia (muscle pain not associated with surgery) was observed 24 hours after anaesthesia and total morphine consumption was recorded. Use of pregabalin 150 mg one hour before surgery reduced the severity of fasciculation and the incidence and severity of postoperative myalgia. It also reduced the rise of serum potassium concentration after succinylcholine administration though the rise was within normal limit. Pregabalin also reduced the total opioid consumption after surgery.
CBMJ 2023 January: Vol. 12 No. 01 P: 73-80


In 2017 ADNOC decided to cover the entire Abu Dhabi Emirate, onshore and offshore, with high- resolution and high-fold 3D seismic. Acquisition of the world's largest continuous seismic survey started in late 2018 and is around 77% complete at the time of writing. Data processing is well under way and interpretation of the first delivered 3D cubes is ongoing. Now is an opportune time to review the status of this gigantic project and draw preliminary lessons.
 Comparison with legacy data shows a massive improvement in deep imaging, which was one of the main objectives of this survey. The basement can clearly be interpreted, while it is hardly visible on legacy data being covered with high energy multiples. A thorough analysis demonstrated that increased offset is the main reason for the uplift. The large fold and the low frequency sweep also help recover signal down to 3 Hz. This extends the bandwidth in the low frequencies by one to two octaves compared to legacy data, which tremendously benefits structural interpretation and stratigraphic inversion.


The legacy of substance and spirit, as well as traditional ethnonational dimensions, which are fundamental for the national being of Ukraine and allow feeling a constant connection with the Motherland, form an essential foundation for the further representation of Ukrainians and their culture in Ukraine and abroad.
The article is devoted to research of modern state of Ukrainian school membership abroad, especially in the context of ethnical and national identity formation and preservation. Problems of native language education of the young generation of Ukrainian Diaspora representatives are analyzed. It is indicated that many Ukrainians who don"t live on Ukraine ground have such structure complicated phenomenon as ethnical and national identity. They recognize themselves as the representatives of Ukrainian nation (national factor), withstand to ethnical assimilation in the countries of settlement and preserve their language, traditional culture, ethnical self-consciousness (ethnical factor), support building up of Ukraine and development of Ukrainian studies in the world (state build factor).
The article focuses on the priorities of the state policy regarding Ukrainians abroad, the activities of state institutions aimed at meeting their educational, cultural, and information needs. As the Ukrainian authorities do not systematically protect the interests of their foreign compatriots and do not provide adequate support of cultural and educational centers as well as cultural and information projects, the process of foreign diasporas" assimilation intensifies.
Today, in particular, there are virtually no Ukrainian studies textbooks and manuals for schools abroad. This constitutes a significant problem for teachers who are forced to adapt textbooks developed for educational institutions in Ukraine and are not very suitable for foreign countries. Due to the lack of state support of the Ukrainian educational process abroad, the teaching community is trying to consolidate efforts to solve this problem.


The Effect of Quality of Public Service on The Level of Community Satisfaction in Tanjung Selor Sub-District Office of Bulungan Regency. This study aims to find out how the Influence of Public Service Quality on The Level of Community Satisfaction in the District Office Tanjung Selor Bulungan Regency.The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between public service variables and community satisfaction variables in the District Office of Tanjung Selor Bulungan Regency. This can be seen from the results of statistical tests where the coefficient of regression X of 0.826 states that every addition of 1% of the value of Public Servants, the value of Public Satisfaction increases by 0.826. The regression coefficient is positive, so it can be said that the direction of the influence of variable X on variable Y is positive.Then based on the results of the Hypothesis Test can be explained that the amount of correlation value r calculate or relationship (R) is 0.766. Price r table for error level of 5% with n = 36 obtained 0.329 and for 1% = 0.424. Since the price of r calculates greater than the table r for both errors of 5% and 1% (0.766 > 0.424 > 0.329), it can be concluded that there is a positive and significant relationship of 0.766 between Public Service and Public Satisfaction. From the output above obtained the result of coefficient of determination (R Square) of 0.587 which contains the understanding that the influence of public service variables (X) on Public Satisfaction (Y) is 58.7% This means the influence of Public Service variables (X) on Public Satisfaction (Y) is large / significant, the remaining 41.3% is determined by other factors not studied in the study.Meanwhile, based on coefficients table which is the output of Simple Linear Regression Test can be taken that, from the table Coefficients obtained a value less than 0.005 ( 0.001 < from 0.005) so that it can be concluded that the hypothesis in this study can be proven to be true. Then based on the value of t-count, it can be known that the value of t-count of 6951 is greater t-table 2.02809 so that it can be concluded that public service variable (X) affects the variable Community Satisfaction (Y).So it can be concluded that there is a positive and significant influence of public service variables with public satisfaction variables, thus it can also be said that the formulation of problems in the research has been answered and the hypothesis proposed has proven to be correct.


The Lonversion of polyacrylonitrile(PAN)fibre to carbon fibre consists of an oxidative stabili-zation process in which the PAN fibre is heated between 200-300℃ in air to give a thermally co-herent structure.The structural changes of PAN fibres during stabilization have been investigatedusing Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy(FTIR)and Differential Scanning Calorimetry(DSC).An attempt has also been made to follow the conversion of the structure using Ramanspectroscopy as a complementary technique.The FTIR spectra of the fibres subjected to variousdegree of heat treatment show a continuous decrease in nitrile absorption and a simultaneous in-crease in intensity of the C=N and/or C=C bands as the stabilization proceeds.A conversion ra-tio(CR)is defined as the intensity of the C=N and/or C=C bands relative to that of the nitrilegroups.The exotherm present in the DSC experiments was observed to weaken progressively dur-ing the stabilization process.It is confirmed that the original PAN structure is dissipating and thenew ladder polymer is being formed.


In the case of high precision A/D converters, carrier signal injection based position estimation methods can adopt a relatively higher injection frequency (>1/10 pulse width modulation (PWM) switching frequency), which can lead to enhanced system bandwidths. However, simultaneously, signal processing delay effects (e.g., PWM duty ratio updating delay, etc.) become prominent, resulting in large phase shifts of carrier currents. On the other hand, the high frequency (HF) resistance effects may also be enlarged. Consequently, large oscillating position estimation errors will arise for the pulsating injection method due to carrier signal distortions induced by the delay and HF resistance effects. In order to suppress the undesirable position errors, based on the theoretical analyses, a new compensation strategy of maximizing the useful inductive saliency part and minimising the resistive saliency components using a PI regulator is proposed. The proposed position error suppression method is very easy and simple to implement, and moreover can significantly improve the sensorless control performance. Furthermore, the similar compensation strategy can also be applied for the position error compensation for rotating injection method as will also be discussed in this paper. Finally, the theoretical analyses and compensation effectiveness are validated by experiments on a laboratory interior permanent magnet machine.


During S, brain acidosis often associated to blood alkalosis (1) lead to a rise in blood-brain [H+] gradient (G [H+]). According to the pH partition hypothesis PB should be released from brain tissue. To test this hypothesis 11 piglets less than 10 days are studied (mean weight ± 1 SD : 1.7 ± 0.6 kg) 6 to 12 hours after an IP dose of 10 mg/kg of PB. S are induced by pentylen tetrazol (P-100 mg/kg, n=4) or bicuculline (B-0.6 ± 1.2 mg/kg, n=7) in sponta neously breathing anesthetized animals (urethan 12.5 % sol, 15ml/kg), PaO2, PaCO2, pHa, brain tissue pH (Roche electrode), blood and brain PB concentrations are measured. S lasted for 3 to 17 min. Mean changes are as follows :During S, the brain/arterial PB ratio (b/a) rises from 0.83±0.18 to 1.03 ± 0.30 (m + 1 SD). It is > 1 in one case before S (1.08) and in 7 cases during S (X2 = 7.0, p < 0.01) . This suggest an unexpected PB intrusion into the brain during S which could be related to an opening of the blood brain barrier (BBB) as suggested by 1) the correlation between b/a and Δ G [H+] (r=0.67, p < 0.05) and 2) the trend towards a correlation between brain PB and brain [H+] changes during S (r=0.61, ns). During S, higher is brain acidosis higher might be the BBB opening and the PB shift into the brain. 1. P. MONIN et al, Pediatr. Res., 1979, 13 : 527, *ns, **p < 0.01.


Th e images of head checking faults of railway rails have been examined by laser scattering method. Th e studies used the functions of similarity and distance, both for binary images and multi-level quantized ones. Th e analysis was performed on the basis of numerical calculations, experimentally determined images of samples of these defects. Th ese type of functions have proven extremely useful in evaluating these faults and can be used to classify them.


Simple Summary The poultry production worldwide needs to use feed additives in order to avoid disease. One of the most common diseases is coccidiosis, which affects the poultry gut. In case the disease happens, birds stop eating, which might cause their death as well as generating great losses to the farmer. Nicarbazin is one of the widely used anticoccidials to prevent coccidiosis. However, some non-compliances have been reported by the regulatory agencies, which made us explore chicken litter to verify if it was a contamination source in chicken tissues because birds have coprophagic habits. Therefore, our team conducted an experiment with three different nicarbazin treatments commonly used in commercial poultry production, under reused litter conditions. We evaluated the possible residue left from this anticoccidial in fillet and liver during 2 years. The outcomes have relevant implications: (a) litter is not a cause of contamination, allowing farmers to reuse it for economical purposes; and (b) chicken tissues are safe for human consumption. Abstract Nicarbazin (NCZ) is a worldwide used anticoccidial in poultry farming to avoid coccidiosis disease when chickens are reared on conventional poultry litter. If proper dosage and withdrawal time are not followed, the component dinitrocarbanilide (DNC) of NCZ may be present in chicken tissues, therefore posing a risk to consumers if the residues are above 200 µg/kg. Litter reuse is a common and important practice in commercial chicken production. Literature is lacking about the influence of litter reuse on DNC deposition in chicken tissues and its impact on food safety. We aimed to evaluate DNC residues in breast and liver by LC-MS/MS from broilers from an experiment with 10 consecutive flocks during 2 years. The experiment included three treatments containing NCZ in the diet (T1 = 125 mg/kg, 1–21 d; T2 = 125 mg/kg, 1–32 d; T3 = 40 mg/kg, 1–32 d). DNC residues in chicken breast at 21 d in T1 ranged from 648.8–926 µg/kg, at 32 d in T2 and T3 varied, respectively, from 232–667 µg/kg and 52–189 µg/kg. Regarding liver, DNC residues at 21 days in T1 ranged from 11,754–15,281 µg/kg, at 32 days in T2 and T3 varied, respectively, from 10,168–15,021 µg/kg and 2899–4573 µg/kg. When NCZ was withdrawn from feed, DNC residues dropped to


As one of the important ecosystem,river ecosystem has its own ecological assets which have great significance for human society.The quantitative assessment of welfare and services provided to human by the river and its natural resources and ecological environment as a type of asset will contribute to an overall understanding of the value of rivers,which makes a big difference in protecting and scientifically utilizing rivers.Based on the establishment of the reasonable evaluation framework of river ecological assets,the ecological assets of the Yellow River has been evaluated primarily,which is divided into three parts as the in-stream ecological assets,riparian ecological assets and estuary ecological assets.According to current data and research findings,the total value of Yellow River ecological assets was 1 127.82 billion yuan,which took 1.27% of GDP for the whole Yellow River Basin in 2008.Combined with the status of the Yellow River water resources management,the suggestion for the adaptive management of the Yellow River ecological assets protection has been put forward.


The occurrence of hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy (HPO) with primary squamous-cell carcinoma of the cervix is described. Radiotherapy to the pelvis (2,000 rads in two weeks) produced relief of symptoms. In 3 other cases, HPO was seen in patients with primary pulmonary adenocarcinoma. Joint symptoms were relieved by radiotherapy to the primary in 2 and surgical extirpation of the tumor in the third. All had progression of the tumor, with thoracic recurrence in 2 and brain metastases in 1, but joint symptoms did not recur after initial relief was obtained.