Blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) resource is a fish export commodity located in Indonesia with high economic value. Therefore, accurate information is needed when catching fishes to obtain the appropriate size for sustainable use. It is also important to assess Information on P. pelagicus distribution and its fishing season for sustainable management of resources. Therefore, this study aims to analyse the distribution size distribution and fishing season for P. pelagicus in the waters of Tukak Sadai, South Bangka Regency, in Indonesia. The research was carried out from March to May 2019, with data collected through the survey method. The size distribution of the fish was analyzed using the frequency distribution analysis approach, while the fishing season was determined with a time series analysis technique towards the catch (kg) per trip. The results showed that fishing ground A of the male fish was distributed in the size of 70.80-155.00 mm and the female was 73.29-146.00 mm, while the fishing ground B size for male was 94.25-162.00 mm and female was 93.86-155.00. mm. Furthermore, the percentage of P. pelagicus size is above 100 mm, fishing ground B was more dominant than A, with percentages of 93% and 69%. Immature female P. pelagicus gonads of fishing ground A and B were found in size classes of 100-110 mm and 111-121 mm, while the mature ones were found at the same size of 122-132 mm. In addition, the carapace width of those laying eggs in fishing ground B is greater than in fishing ground A, while the peak season for catching the fish in Tukak Sadai waters is the West (January-February) and the East Seasons (AprilJuly) with the peak in June. The average P. pelagicus catch in fishing ground A at west and east seasons are 6.57 kg / trip and 6.73 kg / trip, while in fishing ground B it is 64.49 kg / trip and 57.59 kg / trip, respectively


With the development of Internet economy, network marketing appears in front of the public as a new marketing method, but the new marketing method of network marketing often walks in the grey area of law, and produces many moral problems. In order to maintain the Internet environment, ensure a good network marketing atmosphere, and promote the development of Internet economy, we should start from multi-directional and multi-level, strengthen the construction of network marketing morality, and put an end to non-compliance with laws and regulations. First to build a perfect, orderly external environment. This requires a perfect regulation of laws and regulations. Therefore, it is necessary to amend and complete the e-commerce law as soon as possible, and amend and improve other relevant laws and regulations such as the Advertising Act. improve the supervision mechanism and industry norms. Secondly, we should construct a good internal moral environment, for enterprises to establish social marketing concept, cultivate their own moral quality, and develop a good marketing culture of enterprises. Topic: Project-based Teaching and Practice of Network Marketing Course Based on Entrepreneurship Orientation. Item number:NCJG-17-04. Topic: Research on the Formation Mechanism and Educational Incentive of College Students' Entrepreneurship Willingness Based on TPB Theory 1. Moral problems in Network Marketing in China With the development of the Internet, the communication of information is very rapid, and the information security of network citizens has been paid special attention to. The most easy problem to touch in the process of network marketing is to invade personal privacy. According to the law of our country, every Chinese citizen has the right to privacy, the information secret that the individual has nothing to do with the public interest, and the private domain is protected by the law. No citizen may allow, others may not steal and divulge personal privacy information. In the process of network marketing, the main privacy problems that may be encountered can be divided into three aspects. 1.1 Private collection of user information by illegal means without the knowledge of the user In the past traditional marketing process, the way to obtain consumer information is to do market research, the realization of this method is through the permission of consumers. But today, when the Internet goes deep into everyone's life, user information is easy to be obtained by others using network technology. 1.2 Illegal resale of user personal information many of the web sites and applications now require personal information to be provided to complete the registration when the user is in use, the method obtaining the user's personal information is a reasonable range by the user's consent, provided that the website or application protects the user's personal information from being leaked, No other improper use. Some enterprises, in order to obtain the benefit of their eyes, sell the user information to other enterprise companies without International Conference on Management Science and Industrial Economy (MSIE 2019) Copyright © 2020 The Authors. Published by Atlantis Press SARL. This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC 4.0 license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research, volume 118


OBJECTIVE
To compare the efficacy and side effects of phenobarbitone (PB), phenytoin (PHT) and sodium valproate (SVP) in controlling generalized tonic-clonic convulsions (GTC).

DESIGN
Randomized, double blind clinical trial.

SETTING
Out-Patients in a tertiary care hospital.

PATIENTS
151 children with GTC, aged 4-12 yrs, from Madras city were enrolled. At the end of 2 yrs, 127 children remained in the study.

INTERVENTION
Each child was given one active drug and 2 placebo tablets. Clinical, hematological and biochemical evaluations were done every month. Serum drug levels were assessed periodically.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Recurrence of convulsion and side effects.

RESULTS
The proportion of children with recurrence did not differ among the 3 groups. More than one side effect was observed in 16 (32%) children on PB, 20 (40%) children on PHT and 9 (19%) children on SVP and this difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Hyperactivity was the major side effect of PB, observed in 22% of children.

CONCLUSION
All 3 drugs were equally effective in controlling seizures. Side effects were minimal with SVP followed by PB. Though side effects were more frequent with PHT, most of them disappeared on adjusting drug dosage. Least expensive phenobarbitone may be preferred as the first drug of choice but, only for pre-school children. SVP is advised for school going children.


Reported here are the findings from an international survey which is part of a research project on the implications of knowledge management (KM) for the library and information science (LIS) profession. Surveying the views of members of two international mailing lists, we try to assess the reasons for the view that LIS education should move towards inclusion of KM in library education. We also consider the views of our respondents regarding the nature and content of KM programs needed to meet the challenges of the work environment. We found out that there is a strong interest among LIS professionals toward the inclusion of KM in their educational programs in order to expand the skills of LIS professionals and facilitate their entry into the KM job market. Most LIS professionals in this study believe that a curriculum which embodies core elements of LIS, management, and information systems would best meet the needs of LIS professionals in KM work environment.


Non-contact micromanipulation has received a lot of interest in recent years. Different from the contact manipulation techniques, non-contact micromanipulation uses force fields remotely applied to manipulate the object. Several actuation principles are available such as magnetic actuation, laser trapping in the form of optical tweezers and dielectrophoresis. The proposal is to use thermocapillary convective flow as actuation principle to manipulate particles between 100-1000 μm lying at the water-air interface on a controlled closed-loop system. Thermal Marangoni effect appears when a surface tension gradient is generated at the interface between two mediums product of a temperature gradient. The surface tension gradient will produce a flow from the hot regions towards the colder ones proportional to the temperature gradient. If the thermal gradient is directly imposed at the interface, the generated flow is known as thermocapillary convective flow. The advantage of this type of convection is that it does not depend on an instability to happen, and so, any temperature gradient at the interface will generate a convective flow.


The paper analyzes the time periods with significant differences on the level of technology of mining, production volumes in mines of «Vorkutaugol». The features of an integrated system of labor protection and industrial safety, realized in the merger.


Soil-borne wheat mosaic virus (SBWMV) consists of rod-shaped particles with two components, a long one measuring about 300nm in length and a short one, 100-160nm long, respectively1,2,3). There are 3 groups of isolates, differing in the length of the short component and the types of inclusion bodies produced1). Inclusion bodies were consisted of tubules or vesicles bounded with membranes4). The development and disintegration of inclusions in rye leaves infected with isolate US-A have been studied5). There were a few virus particles in the inclusions, but none in other regions of the cells at the early stage of infection, and a close relationship between inclusion and virus multiplication was postulated. On the other hand, small masses of endoplasmic reticulum were only rarely found in leaves infected with isolate J-A and it was suggested that membranous structures were not essential for the formation of J-A4). The objective of the present report was to carry out more precise studies on the relationship between the development of the inclusions and virus multiplication so as to clarify this discrepancy. Rye (Secale cereale cv. Petkuser) seedlings aged seven days were inoculated with 4 isolates of SBWMV (J-A, US-A, US-B and US-B-V)1,3) and grown uuder controlled temperature at 15 C during the day and 10 C at night. These 4 isolates produced different types of inclusions which could be easily identified under a light microscope. Isolate US-B produced large inclusion bodies, US-A produced two kinds of inclusion bodies which were observed only in younger leaves, while US-B-V and J-A produced small inclusion bodies in rare occasions1,2,4). Leaf samples were collected from plants showing mosaic symptoms 1 to 2 months after inoculation. Eight leaf stages were identified by the length and age of leaf: developing younger leaf of 3-5mm, 10-30mm, 50-60mm, 70-80mm, and 100-140mm in length; young leaf longer than 160mm; mature leaf; and old leaf. Twenty to forty leaves at each stage were homogenized with 9 or 19 times (by weight) 0.05 M phosphate buffer (pH 7). Each of 0.1ml of homogenate was mixed with a solution containing 0.1ml of 0.5% bovine serum albumin, 0.2ml of 0.5% sucrose and 0.1ml of 0.1% polystylene latex (88 nm in diameter, Dow Chemical Co.)


Summary and Conclusions These experiments show that all porphyrins tested accumulate in neoplastic (induced and transplanted sarcomas, spontaneous and transplanted mammary carcinomas), embryonic and regenerating tissues. Introduction of a metal (zinc) into the porphyrin molecule did not destroy the tendency of the porphyrin to concentrate in tumors. The tendency of injected porphyrins and metalloporphyrins to accumulate in lymph nodes may limit the therapeutic usefulness of these compounds in all neoplastic diseases except lymphatic leukemias. The possibility of using small doses of radioactive metalloporphyrins for detecting deep cancer is being investigated.


In this paper, a self-regulated double hidden layer output feedback neural network (DHLFNN) is presented to control an active power filter (APF) system as a current controller, which is conducive to the improvement of the response characteristic and power quality. First, a global sliding mode controller is introduced because it is effective in achieving overall robustness during the system response. A new output feedback neural structure that has two hidden layers is proposed to make the parameters adaptively adjust themselves and stabilize to their best values. A higher accuracy and stronger generalization ability can be also obtained by reducing the number of network weights and accelerating the network training speed owing to the strong fitting and presentation ability of two-layer activation functions. Furthermore, the designed feedback loops of the neural network play a significant role in possessing associative memory and rapid system convergence. This proposed double hidden layer output feedback neural based global sliding mode controller is simulated on the model of APF and the results show the excellent static and dynamic properties. Experimental results under three cases and comparisons are provided using a fully digital control system to validate the superior performance of the proposed DHLFNN controller.


Using panel data for 113 countries over a three-year period of time, this research investigates the empirical relationship between the changes of threatened mammal species and economic development by comparing three different measures: 1
percentage changes

2
species richness

3
total threatened species.

An N-shaped non-linear relationship is found when the dependent variable is the percentage changes; the Environment Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis is supported when species richness is applied and a non-linear relationship does exist for the total threatened species model. Results suggest that methodological differences, such as measurement, can bring very different results; caution should be exercised even when we evaluate EKC studies within a common topic such as, for instance, biodiversity loss from the threatened species perspective.


Large wood (LW) is a ubiquitous feature in rivers of forested watersheds worldwide, and its importance for river diversity has been recognized for several decades. Although the role of LW in fluvial dynamics has been extensively documented, there is a need to better quantify the most significant components of LW budgets at the river scale. The purpose of our study was to quantify each component (input, accumulation, and output) of a LW budget at the reach and watershed scales for different time periods (i.e. a 50‐year period, decadal cycle, and interannual cycle). The LW budget was quantified by measuring the volumes of LW inputs, accumulations, and outputs within river sections that were finally evacuated from the watershed. The study site included three unusually large but natural wood rafts in the delta of the Saint‐Jean River (SJR; Québec, Canada) that have accumulated all LW exported from the watershed for the last 50 years. We observed an increase in fluvial dynamics since 2004, which led to larger LW recruitment and a greater LW volume trapped in the river corridor, suggesting that the system is not in equilibrium in terms of the wood budget but is rather recovering from previous human pressures as well as adjusting to hydroclimatic changes. The results reveal the large variability in the LW budget dynamics during the 50‐year period and allow us to examine the eco‐hydromorphological trajectory that highlights key variables (discharge, erosion rates, bar surface area, sinuosity, wood mobility, and wood retention). Knowledge on the dynamics of these variables improves our understanding of the historical and future trajectories of LW dynamics and fluvial dynamics in gravel‐bed rivers. Extreme events (flood and ice‐melt) significantly contribute to LW dynamics in the SJR river system. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Around the mid-1990s, a new perspective in organization theory began to intensively examine the dynamics of interactions between companies and their environments as well as the capacity of each to shape the other (Lewin & Volberda, 1999). This perspective became known as co-evolution. Since then, the potential of the perspective to explain phenomena involving organizations and their environments has been affirmed by several studies. Lewin & Volberda (2011), for example, have demonstrated that co-evolution can contribute to understanding outsourcing and the relationship between the activities of multinational subsidiaries and local public policy. Additionally, Murmann (2013) argued that co-evolution helped explain the results of competition among organizations in product markets. Recently, several researchers have emphasized the importance and urgency of advancing our understanding of the co-evolution of companies and their environments (Child & Rodrigues, 2011; Lawton, McGuire, & Rajwani, 2013; Lewin & Volberda, 2003; McGaughey, Kumaraswamy, & Liesch, 2013). For example, Pacheco, York, and Hargrave (2011) stated, "Relatively few have heeded the call of Lewin and Volberda (1999) and colleagues ... for a more co-evolutionary perspective on organization-environment interactions" (p. 1). This study contributes to the literature by analyzing the political dynamics of interactions between companies and their environments in situations of co-evolution. The objective is to understand how each party influences the other and the outcomes of these influences. We also seek to determine how the parties are different at the end than they were at the beginning of the process analyzed. It is attuned with call of Child et al. (2013) that recently stated: "We still lack a systematic analysis of how the power and influence held by organizations and external parties might impact on their respective evolution" (p. 9). To achieve these aims, we replicated a recently published case study. In replication, multiple cases are treated as a series of experiments, where each case confirms or disconfirms the inferences drawn from previous cases (Eisenhardt, 1989a, 1989b; Yin, 2014). The necessity and importance of replicating case studies has been emphasized by several authors (Vissak, 2010, p. 373) who note, "replication allows for confirmation and refutation of the findings of the first case, investigating whether they could be expanded to (somewhat) different situations". Miles and Huberman (1994) discuss how to confirm findings of qualitative studies. They state that cross-case analysis and multiple case studies increase the strength of results and add, "Even stronger: replicate in a brand new case" (p. 274). Others (Morrison, Matuszek, & Self, 2010) claim, "one of reasons for a lack of relevance to contemporary issues is that many of the theories that are currently used in business research have not been replicated in recent years" (p. 278). The case that this study replicates (Child et al., 2013) analyzed the interactions between companies and their environments in a sector heavily controlled by the Chinese government from a political perspective. The interactions occurred between a company developing a large modern port in Shenzhen and the Chinese government between 1993 and 2002. Hutchison Port Holdings (HPH), a branch of Hutchison Whampoa Limited (HWL), a multinational conglomerate that develops and operates ports, invested in a sizeable port container in the city of Shenzhen. The port was built and operated by Yantian International Container Terminals (YICT), a joint venture between HPH and the Shenzhen government. The case study describes the process of building the port from the initial Chinese authorities' initiative to identify a partner for the project in 1993 until 2007, when it became the world's largest container port in throughput volume. The authors detail the evolution of port capacity and service quality, institutional barriers that were overcome, difficult negotiations and initiatives by both parties and their consequences. …


Biaxially aligned indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films were prepared by an ion-beamassisted deposition (IBAD) process at room temperature. Films with a transmittance at 550 nm of 90% and an electrical resistivity of 1.1 × 10^−3 Ωcm for 300 and 250 nm thickness were obtained. Investigations of the texture evolution during IBAD film growth were carried out and compared to the well-established texture development in yttria-stabilized zirconia. An in-plane texture of 12.6° full width at half-maximum (FWHM) for a 1-μm-thick IBAD-ITO film was achieved. The quality of these films as electrically conductive buffer layers for YBa_2Cu_3O_7-δ (YBCO) high-temperature superconductors was demonstrated by the subsequent deposition of high-currentcarrying YBCO films by thermal co-evaporation using a 3–5-nm-thick Y_2O_3 interlayer.A J _c of 0.76 MA/cm^2 (77K, 0 T) was obtained for a 1 × 1 cm sample with ITO of 20° FWHM.


Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is one of the most common neurological disorders. It is characterized by an irresistible urge to move one's legs, the major sensory symptom, and can have an overwhelming impact on quality of life. Apparently changes in central nervous system iron metabolism lead to dopamine dysfunction, which is thought to be responsible for unpleasant feelings and movements of mainly the legs in the evening or during the night. Many epidemiological studies of RLS in the past used different criteria. The consensus on standardized diagnostic criteria of the International RLS Study Group (IRLS-SG) led to agreement on a definition. These criteria were also used in the REST (RLS Epidemiology, Symptoms, and Treatment) project involving a cohort of several thousand subjects. The prevalence of RLS in the general adult population was 7.2% for individuals with symptoms of any frequency and 2.7% for those with RLS at least twice a week and at least moderate distress (so-called RLS sufferers). The occurrence of RLS increases with age in adults, but it is not rare in children. It was reported that 1.9% of 8to 11-year-olds and 2.0% of 12to 17-year-olds met IRLS-SG criteria (0.5% and 1.0% were RLS sufferers, respectively). However, data on the prevalence of RLS in the specific population of young adults have not been available so far. Three hundred consecutively enrolled students of the Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University Bratislava, participated in our study. They answered 4 specific questions, that is, essential criteria for RLS according to the IRLSSG, in a brief questionnaire that also collected demographic data. If all 4 questions were answered positively, the respondent was considered RLS positive; otherwise, the respondent was considered RLS negative. RLS-positives subsequently completed a second part of the questionnaire that a physician or trained nurse applied. The aim of this part was to confirm the diagnosis of RLS and describe its particular features, a methodology already validated and successfully used in our previous study. All subjects gave their written informed -----------------------------------------------------------*Correspondence to: Peter Valkovič, MD, PhD, Second Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Limbov a 5, 83305 Bratislava, Slovakia; firstname.lastname@example.com


This paper is an attempt to present the results of a Unit for Participatory Experimentation in fish that developed among a group of farmers in the municipality of Santa Maria Herval the RS. Social mediators of the process were the professionals in the work of Ascar-Emater/RS extension. The choice of the design of the production system was the "Organic Carp polyculture of" having as objective the production of organic fish, feeding on plankton produced by eutrophication of water by organic fertilizers. In the process of discussion among the group of farmers was evaluated the technology for production of fish, processing the meat of fish for household consumption and marketing in pursuit of short through local fairs.


The article considers the issue of managing the financial stability of the enterprise. The financial stability management mechanism is presented as a set of interconnected blocks and a sequence of interrelated stages. The necessity to use the tools of financial stability management to reconcile the purpose of the developed strategy with the general strategy of the enterprise for further implementation is substantiated. It is determined that the developed management mechanism operates taking into account certain organizational structures, principles, methods, financial instruments, legal norms in order to establish the optimal parameters of the structure and volume of financial assets. It is analyzed that the content of this control mechanism is manifested in its functions, which ensure the achievement of the goal and the implementation of a set of tasks. It is determined that the purpose of the mechanism is to form a management that should ensure a balance between the internal system of the enterprise and its external environment, given the preservation of integrity in the process of structural change, functional action and expanded reproduction of capital.


Online designers have widely adopted banners as a popular online advertising format. However, because of their low click-through rates, marketers have recently questioned the effectiveness of banners. A phenomenon called "banner blindness" suggests that salient stimuli, such as banners, are often missed by Internet users. This contradicts the distinctiveness view, which argues that salient stimuli are more likely to attract a user's attention and enhance the click-through rate. To solve this debate, we develop a research framework to explain from an evolutionary perspective how the banner processing mode evolves. More specifically, we develop a process model that shows the transitions between three banner processing modes – automatic salience capture, controlled salience suppression, and automatic salience suppression. In addition, a unified variance model is proposed to solve the distinctiveness – blindness debate. Specifically, we propose that the habituation level and the task type can moderate the effects of structural factors and semantic factors on attention. We also discuss empirical strategies for examining the model and future research. of a three-stage model: automatic salience capture, controlled salience suppression, and automatic salience suppression. The evolutionary view is consistent with the distinctiveness view at the automatic salience capture stage and is consistent with the banner blindness view at the controlled and automatic salience suppression stages. This conceptualization reveals that the distinctiveness view and the banner blindness view are not inherently conflicting. The seeming contradiction between them is due to the fact that their boundary conditions are not sufficiently well defined. Second, this study develops a comprehensive research framework, which researchers can use to gain an understanding of the factors that affect user attention by considering the interaction between banner features (e.g., structural and semantic) and the processing schema, which can in turn be affected by habituation level and task type. From this human/computer interaction perspective, we argue that whether or not structural salience and semantic salience can influence user attention depends on the schema in use. Structural salience plays an important role when a stimulus-driven schema is in use (e.g., both at low and high levels of habituation when users are performing a browsing task) while semantic salience is effective only when a goal-directed schema is in use (e.g., at a moderate habituation level when the user is performing a searching task). Through this theorization, we are able to not only identify the context in which the structural features determine the level of attention, but also clarify how the semantic features can affect the amount of attention paid from a longitudinal perspective. Taking into consideration all of these variables enriches our theoretical understanding of the distinctiveness view and the blindness view, and further advances the body of existing literature about users' banner processing by providing a unified model. Third, this study sheds light on how habituation occurs and what factors determine users' habituation levels. We emphasize the factors influencing habituation levels due to its importance in solving the distinctiveness – blindness debate. After thoroughly examining the information processing model, we propose that the automaticity of banner suppression relies on the automaticity of two sub-processes, which are respectively determined by structural stability and semantic stability. Thus, in going beyond the results of previous studies His research interests focus on IT strategy, knowledge management, virtual community, electronic commerce, and human-computer interaction. His research has appeared in Information Systems Research , Journal of the Association for Information Systems , Decision Support Systems , and others. His research interests include cross-cultural issues related to information systems management, IT-enable business strategy, eCommerce-related adoption issues, social media, and human-computer interactions. He is currently serving as a Senior Editor of MISQ and has served on the editorial board of ISR , MISQ and JAIS . His research has appeared in MISQ , ISR , JMIS and JAIS . Prior to joining CityU, he was on the faculty of Case Western Reserve University and the University of Hawaii. He has won numerous teaching awards, and is one of the top-ranking teachers teaching in the CityU's EMBA program. He has conducted executive training in Beijing, Guangzhou, Shanghai, and Hong Kong. He is also an Honorary Professor at Fudan University and Wuhan University, China. Jerry Assistant at School of Business, East China University of Science and Technology, China. His research interests include technology acceptance and resistance, IT-enabled business strategy, and knowledge management. His research has appeared in Journal of the Association for Information Systems , Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology , Journal of Global Information Management , and others.


An analytical equation of state (EOS) proposed by Song and Mason was applied to four quantum systems including 4 He, Ne, H 2 , and CH 4 . The best intermolecular pair potentials were taken to evaluate the second virial coefficients. For CH 4 and Ne, the first quantum correction, and for 4 He and H 2 , up to the second quantum correction were performed on the classical second virial coefficients. The calculated second virial coefficients were applied to predict the density of four systems in both subcritical and supercritical regions. Agreement with experiment was excellent for all systems.


(...) The RRT diagram could be used to describe the properties of pesticides ― their behavior on each liquid phase and the precise operational conditions for qualitative GC analysis. The non- or low polar liquid phases were best suited for GC analysis of organochlorine pesticides having low polarity. Their detection limits ranged from 0.01 to 1.0 ng


Context. Planetary Nebulae (PNe) display complex radial surface brightness profiles whose understanding is crucial for a correct interpretation of their formation and evolution. In particular, the intermediate shells commonly observed around the bright rims of PNe contain important information for the discussion of the mass loss rate at the end of the AGB, for the determination of the post-AGB age of the central stars and the distance via the expansion parallax method, and for the analysis of line profiles for unresolved, faraway objects like extragalactic PNe. Aims. This paper describes the dynamical properties of PNe shells and presents a new practical method to properly determine their expansion velocity. Methods. The analysis is guided by realistic radiative-hydrodynamical simulations which allow to test and verify different methods for the kinematical study of PNe shells using high-resolution long-slit spectra. Results. We show that the use of the derivative of the line profile allows us to determine accurately the post-shock gas velocity in the shells. This method is generally superior to other techniques previously used. In addition, if applied to long-slit data, it allows to determine the velocities of the shells even when they are very close to those of the PNe rims. Its application to 10 real PNe confirms the model predictions and previous conclusions about the substantial mass loss increase during the latest AGB evolution. Conclusions. The method and discussion presented in this paper are meant to be used as a guide for a correct determination of some basic kinematic and evolutionary properties of Galactic and extragalactic PNe, including their expansion parallaxes.


Determining the applicability of a drought index to a specific area is a prerequisite for drought quantification and mapping on a regional scale. In this paper, we explored the effectiveness of the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) in northeast China. SPEI values at a time scale of 1, 3, 6, and 12 months were calculated using a daily climate dataset that had been collected by 90 meteorological stations in northeast China from 1961 to 2014. The climate variables analyzed included daily temperature, precipitation, atmospheric pressure, wind speed, relative humidity, and sunshine duration. The applicability of the SPEI for drought quantification in northeast China was investigated using Kolmogorov⁃Smirnov (K⁃S) test, validation analysis from specific drought events and soil moisture, and correlation analyses between SPEI and the statistics of the area suffering from drought.The results showed that our null hypothesis was rejected by the K⁃S Test at a 0.05 significance level for each station, and that the Log⁃logistic distribution matched very well to the water surplus or deficit series for all four time scales at each station. The drought⁃affected areas showed a significant negative relationship to the SPEI during the growing season (April to September) at these four time scales during 1971—2013. The index of SPEI01 was found to be more suitable for predicting the time, location, and intensity of drought events. There was a strong positive correlation between soil moisture at a depth of 20 cm and the SPEI for most of the climate stations (90.2% of stations for SPEI01, 92.16% of stations for SPEI03, 90.2% of stations for SPEI06 and 88.24% of stations for SPEI12). htt p:/ /w ww .ec olo gic a.c n http: / / www.ecologica.cn In addition, the number of climate stations decreased as the time scale increased. Our results indicate that the SPEI is suitable for quantifying droughts, and therefore, should be widely used in scientific drought prediction research in Northeast China.


In clinical psychology, it is a common practice to assess the effectiveness of psychotherapy for individual patients. Jacobson and Truax (1991) considered a significance test for individual change scores as an essential part of this assessment and proposed the reliable change index for this purpose. Effective use of the reliable change index requires accurate estimates of the change score and standard error. In this study, we examined three versions of the reliable change index in an IRT context, each version using a different estimate of the latent variable: maximum likelihood, weighted maximum likelihood and expected a posteriori. Using simulated data, for each estimation method we computed the bias and its impact on Type I error rate and sensitivity for detecting reliable change. Results showed that for shorter tests (at most 10 items) reliable change assessment using weighted maximum likelihood produced the smallest bias, but the differences with the other methods were small. For longer tests (at least 20 items), all three reliability change indices performed equally well. We recommend weighted maximum likelihood estimation for short tests and expected a posteriori estimation for long tests.


Objective To retrospectively analyze the cli ni cal characteristics of 5 cases of primary squamous cell carcinoma of breast. Methods The 5 cases were classified into Stage Ⅰ(one case),Stage Ⅱ( t hree cases) and Stage Ⅲ(one case).All cases underwent modified radical resecti on,and after that,additional radiotherapy or chemotherapy was applied.R esults All cases received surgery,of which 4 received radiotherapy and 1 c hemotherapy.Conclusion Accurate classification and treatment of i nfiltrating cancers,especially the identification of metaplasia,can produce good prognosis.


Objective To investigate the different protocols for conservative treatment of ectopic pregnancy.Methods Treatment in 107 women with ectopic pregnancy was retrospectively analyzed.According to the treatment protocols,they were assigned into 3 groups:36 cases received intramuscular MTX as(MTX group),31 cases received oral Mifepriston(RU486 group),and 40 cases received combined MTX and Mifepriston treatment(MTX+RU486 group).Resuls Thirty-three patients(91.67%)in the MTX group and 38 patients(95.0%)in the MTX+RU486 group were cured,and the curative rate showed no significant difference between the MTX group and the MTX+RU486 group(P0.05).The need of second dose of MTX for curing increased when serum β-HCG level was 2,000U/L,which reached 28.57% in the MTX group and 21.74% in the MTX+RU486 group.Twenty-three patients(74.2%)in the MTX+RU486 group were cured,the curative rate reached 92.31% when the β-HCG levels were ≤2,000U/L.Conclusion The three different treatment protocols are effective for patients with ectopic pregnancy when the β-HCG levels are ≤2,000U/L.When the β-HCG levels are 2,000U/L,the combined treatment of MTX and Mifepriston is the most effective protocol,while mifepriston alone is the least effective one.


Machine learning is one of the current development trends of computer technology, and regression algorithm is an important algorithm in machine learning. For the accuracy of the algorithm, it is essential to select good evaluation indicators. This paper proposes a curve for evaluating the regression equation, which has similar characteristics to the Receiver-Operating Curve. This article describes the calculation and drawing method of the curve. Compared with other regression equation evaluation indicators, this curve can more intuitively reflect the sensitivity and specificity of the model. The area under the curve can be used to compare the performance between different models, and it has stronger robustness. However, it can be further optimized in terms of accuracy and time cost, and it may be combined with other evaluation indicators in the future to improve its accuracy.


In its explicit aim of bringing together both psychology and psychotherapy, the Register of Psychologists Specialising in Psychotherapy provides us with an opportunity to examine what has often seemed to be a extraordinarily fraught relationship between psychology and psychoanalysis. This paper briefly explores the history of that interdisciplinary divide, and examines how recent developments, particularly in post-modern psychological thinking, have influenced the development of relational models of psychoanalysis that may permit a more meaningful and constructive dialogue between the two fields.


Significance Proper timing of flowering transition is vital for the reproductive success of plants and orchestrated by endogenous and external factors; however, the mechanisms of how plants regulate flowering under high light are not well understood. In this study, we show that promotion of flowering by high light involves the coupling of chloroplast retrograde signals and transcriptional silencing of the floral repressor FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC). In response to high light, a chloroplast envelope-localized transcription factor, PTM, releases its N-terminal fragment through processing to associate with the chromatin remodeler FVE and suppresses FLC transcription. This report describes the molecular basis for a unique intracellular signaling pathway derived from chloroplasts in which plants regulate the developmental timing of the flowering transition. Light is a major environmental factor regulating flowering time, thus ensuring reproductive success of higher plants. In contrast to our detailed understanding of light quality and photoperiod mechanisms involved, the molecular basis underlying high light-promoted flowering remains elusive. Here we show that, in Arabidopsis, a chloroplast-derived signal is critical for high light-regulated flowering mediated by the FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC). We also demonstrate that PTM, a PHD transcription factor involved in chloroplast retrograde signaling, perceives such a signal and mediates transcriptional repression of FLC through recruitment of FVE, a component of the histone deacetylase complex. Thus, our data suggest that chloroplasts function as essential sensors of high light to regulate flowering and adaptive responses by triggering nuclear transcriptional changes at the chromatin level.


Summary The authors administered haloperidol 4.5 mg t.i.d. to 33 drug-free schizophrenic patients. Ten patients did not receive anything else (group HPL), while ten patients re ceived procyclidine 5 mg t.i.d., and 13 patients were given promethazine 25 mg t.i.d. (groups HPRC and HPRM respec tively) in addition. Seven patients dropped out of the HPL group and three out ofthe HPRM group, but none out ofthe HPRC group. These drop outs were due to the development ofearly extrapyramidal side effects, which were absent in the HPRC group. The findings suggest that antiparkinson pro phylaxis is useful during commencement of therapy with high-potency neuroleptic agents.


The planning literature has taken a recent interest in journal article citation counts, which are often used to measure the scholarly impact of articles, authors, or university departments. However, little is known about the factors that determine citation counts for planning-related articles. We find that citation counts in planning vary across planning topics and are also influenced by other journal, author, and article-related factors. We provide recommendations to planning researchers for increasing the impact of their research, and advise consumers of citation counts in planning to consider making particular adjustments to the counts to make them more meaningful.


This article describes how there are a growing number of international and local organizations that suggest that public transport should be free. Making public transport free could help reduce congestion, pollution, spatial and social equity in South African cities where public transport is one way in which to overcome apartheid spatial planning. Eighty percent of the poorest commuters spend 20% of their incomes gaining access to their jobs and making public transport free is a good solution. But at the same time, the most cited complaint about the quality of public transport is the level of overcrowding, particularly on trains, and if public transport were free the level of overcrowding would increase.


Using the recently developed Coulomb Quantum Orbit Strong-Field Approximation (CQSFA), we perform a systematic analysis of several features encountered in above-threshold ionization (ATI) photoelectron angle-resolved distributions (PADs), such as side lobes, and intra- and intercycle interference patterns. The latter include not only the well-known intra-cycle rings and the near-threshold fan-shaped structure, but also previously overlooked patterns. We provide a direct account of how the Coulomb potential distorts different types of interfering trajectories and changes the corresponding phase differences, and show that these patterns may be viewed as generalized holographic structures formed by up to three types of trajectories. We also derive analytical interference conditions and estimates valid in the presence or absence of the residual potential, and assess the range of validity of Coulomb-corrected interference conditions provided in the literature.


Line x tester analysis was performed with six lines and four testers and resulted 24 hybrids along with parents were evaluated for salinity conditions. Analysis of variance showed significant differences between lines, testers and crosses for all the parameters except 1000 grain weight. SCA mean squares were substantially larger than GCA mean squares, showing a prevalence of dominance gene action in parents and hybrids for tolerance to salinity conditions. Among the lines and testers, KPS 10642, KPS 10640, KPS 10651, RNR 11718 and CSR 36 were proven to be a good combiners for increasing yield under salt stress conditions. The hybrids viz. , KPS 10651 x CSR 36, KPS 10651 x RNR 11718, KPS 10642 x KPS 2874, KPS 10651 x CSR 23, KPS 10640 x CSR 36, KPS 10640 x CSR 23, KPS 10642 x RNR 11718, KPS 10642 x CSR 36 and KPS 10642 x CSR 23 were found to be good specific combiners. The crosses KPS 10651 x RNR 11718, KPS 10642 x KPS 2874, KPS 10651 x CSR 36, KPS 10651 x CSR 23 and KPS 10640 x CSR 36 demonstrated significant results with respect to mean and sca effects.


Using of silage and haylage of forage legumes in ruminant nutrition and
 promotion of promoting proper forage conservation techniques should be an
 important strategy in livestock production in our country. Forage legumes
 are difficult to ensile, so it is necessary to apply the starter culture of
 selected strains of lactic acid bacteria that support the ensiling process
 and prevent bacterial butyric fermentation and thus contribute to the
 preservation and improvement of silage and haylage quality. In this paper,
 the influence of bacterial inoculant ?Silko for alfalfa? on the quality of
 silage and haylage of alfalfa in two separate trials is presented. The
 inoculant is a combination of homofermentative lactic bacteria Lactobacillus
 plantarum and Pediococcus spp. The first-cut alfalfa in the second year was
 used for silage and haylage. The silage was examined in mini-silos in the
 laboratory, and the haylage at the cattle farm where the plant material was
 cuts were collected in experimental silo bags. The treatments were control
 (untreated silage, i.e. haylage) and silage, i.e. haylage treated with
 inoculant ?Silko for alfalfa? (rate of 5 ml t-1 fresh material). The silages
 were analyzed after 90 days, and haylage after 40. The inoculant ?Silko for
 alfalfa? has been found to maintain the nutritive value of silage and
 haylage and to improve their chemical, energy and fermentation parameters
 relative to the control. Since ?Silko for alfalfa? positively affects the
 correct lactic acid fermentation of silage and haylage and contributes to a
 lesser loss of nutritional value and energy it is expected that it can
 promote a high level of productivity of ruminants, and thus contribute to
 the growth of profit in livestock production.


The purpose of this series is to highlight a range of rare health conditions: those that affect no more and usually fewer than 1 person in every 2000. Many healthcare assistants (HCAs) and nurses will encounter some of these conditions, given the high number of these conditions. This 39th article will briefly explore three of these conditions—Krabbe disease, chronic atypical neutrophilic dermatosis with lipodystrophy and elevated temperature syndrome (CANDLE), and Batten disease—and also discuss working with young children and their families.


This paper deals with the multi-pulse chaotic dynamics of a sandwich plate with truss core under transverse and in-plane excitations. In order to analyze the complicated nonlinear behaviors of the sandwich plate model by means of the improved extended Melnikov technique, the two-degrees non-autonomous system is transformed into an appropriate form. Through theoretical analysis, the sufficient conditions for the existence of multi-pulse homoclinic orbits and the criterion for the occurrence of chaotic motion are obtained. The damping coefficients and transverse excitation parameters are considered as the control parameters to discuss chaotic behaviors of the sandwich plate system. Numerical results and the maximal Lyapunov exponents are performed to further test the existence of the multi-pulse jumping orbits. The theoretical predictions and numerical results demonstrate that the chaos phenomena may exist in the parametrical excited sandwich plate.


Sequential Recommendation aims to predict the next item based on user behaviour. Recently, Self-Supervised Learning (SSL) has been proposed to improve recommendation performance. However, most of existing SSL methods use a uniform data augmentation scheme, which loses the sequence correlation of an original sequence. To this end, in this paper, we propose a Learnable Model Augmentation self-supervised learning for sequential Recommendation (LMA4Rec). Specifically, LMA4Rec first takes model augmentation as a supplementary method for data augmentation to generate views. Then, LMA4Rec uses learnable Bernoulli dropout to implement model augmentation learnable operations. Next, self-supervised learning is used between the contrastive views to extract self-supervised signals from an original sequence. Finally, experiments on three public datasets show that the LMA4Rec method effectively improves sequential recommendation performance compared with baseline methods.


Wood is light, has high strength and beautiful appearance, and needs a small amount of power to process it. Of four major materials (steel, cement, wood and plastics) in the world, wood is the only green material and biological resource that is renewable, recyclable, and can be naturally degraded. With natural high-quality forest resources increasingly reducing, they are gradually replaced by a large number of low-quality fast-growing plantation wood. Paulownia and Poplar are important fast-growing plantation tree species in China. By dyeing, we can improve their decorative and added values to efficiently use the resources of fast-growing wood. At present wood dyeing industry, acid dyes have all long been used on wood dyeing, however, due to low dye uptake of acid dyes in wood dyeing (generally less than 30%), about 70% to 80% of dyes cannot be used and then left in dyeing wastewater resulting in high chroma and difficult treatment of dyeing wastewater. In response to this situation, 3 primary colors of M-type reactive dyes were selected to dye Paulownia and Poplar veneer in the paper. Different from acid dyes, M-type reactive dyes contain 2 reactive groups in the structure which can react with the cellulose and hemicellulose of the wood to form stable chemical bonds, and then have advantages of high fixation, low hydrolysis and environmental requirements. Through orthogonal test and range analysis, the optimal dyeing process was obtained. In the condition of this optimal dyeing process, dye uptakes of reactive dyes on Paulownia are as follows: red of M-3BE 59.2%, yellow of M-3RE 65.3% and blue of M-2GE 50.3%, dye uptakes of reactive dyes on Poplar veneer are as follows: red of M-3BE 67.8%, yellow of M-3RE 68.6% and blue of M-2GE 58.9%, which are all significantly higher than dye uptakes of acid dyes. Through the use of reactive dyes on the fast-growing wood staining, the emission of dyes in the dyeing wastewater is reduced. So a new dyeing way of fast-growing plantation wood which is energy saving, environmental protection and friendly to human health is provided.


Based on the reversed cyclic loading test of three 1:4 high-strength concrete flat columns, the computer program ABAQUS was used to simulate behaviors of the specimens. Concrete in the column was modeled using the damage plasticity material model, and a uniaxial steel model with combined isotropic and kinematic hardening properties was used to simulate the behavior of the reinforcement. The establishment of the finite element model, definition of the material parameters and the influence of diagonal reinforcement were discussed at length. The results show that the concrete damage plasticity model can be well used for hysteretic analysis of reinforced concrete members if the relevant parameters are reasonably defined. Diagonal reinforcements can not significantly improve ductility of the specimens, but can improve their shear capacities. This paper can provide reference for the performance simulation of reinforced concrete members under cyclic loading.


We shortly summarize the present status of neutrino magnetic moment studies (theory and experiment). Then we discuss the quasiclassical treatment of neutrino spin evolution in matter. After that we come to the quantum approach to description of neutrino and electron motion in matter on the basis of the quantum wave equations exact solutions method with special focus on spin effects.


Paul Czernichow , Editor-in-Chief Original papers and clinical observations represent the most important part of any medical journal. Based on good up-to-date science, they bring to the readers useful information on mechanism of diseases, diagnostic evaluation and treatment strategies. This is the main objective of our journal. A few years ago it was decided to introduce review papers in Hormone Research in Paediatrics which summarize the most recent information on basic or more clinical topics. Indeed, several sections of our journal are dedicated to postdoctoral teaching. The mini-review section is certainly a success and a point of reference. However, despite our efforts to support our clinical practice with the best evidence-based medicine, in some situations scientific evidence is lacking, not strong enough or, worse, contradictory to guide the clinicians. In this issue we publish an 'Opinion Paper' by David Sandberg and colleagues. What is an opinion? According to Webster's, an opinion is a 'belief stronger than impression and less strong than positive knowledge'. I believe that for our readers these opinion papers are useful for their clinical practice in areas where strong evidence is lacking. This is the first opinion paper published in Hormone Research in Paediatrics and I hope that others will come. These articles do not represent a collective agreement, but rather the opinion of an expert or a group of experts. It would therefore be important that other experts open a dialog and discuss the opinions expressed. I would, for that reason, be happy to accept letters which express a range of different opinions. I hope that our colleagues will take this opportunity to exchange and bring their own experience on different subjects covered by this new type of publication. This time of year also gives me the opportunity to wish our readers, all members of ESPE and SLEP, and your families a Happy New Year for both your personal and professional life. Published online: January 23, 2013 HORMONE RESEARCH IN PÆDIATRICS


This seminar presentation provides background information for the Panel 2 discussions on demand management options. Three figures are used to explain how airport capacity is managed. Comments are included on the slot rule and LaGuardia's lottery program.


The monitoring of serum electrolyte and creatinine concentrations in patients treated with antihypertensive therapy is recommended. We wished to examine the relationship between laboratory monitoring and adverse patient outcomes.


Some discrete optimization problems with logical constraints are considered, and the possibility of applying these problems in complex products design is investigated. The results of the studying these problems with the use of the integer programming models and regular partitions approach are reviewed. The structure and the complexity of the problems are analysed, and the algorithms for SAT and MAX-SAT problems based on this approach are proposed.


A CMN thermometer has been calibrated by nuclear orientation thermometry at low temperatures and by He vapor pressure thermometry at high temperatures. The calibration agrees well with the NBS temperature scale between 100 and 200 mK. Specific heat data on 3He in the Fermi liquid region obtained with the thermometer are in good agreement with recent measurements at Bell Laboratories. It is argued that discrepancies with other data arise from differences in the underlying temperature scales.


Practices and requirements for semiconductor power rectifier transformers for dedicated loads rated single-phase 100 kW and above and three-phase 100 kW and above are included. Static precipitators, high-voltage converters for dc power transmission, and other nonlinear loads are excluded. Service conditions, both usual and unusual, are specified, or other standards are referenced as appropriate. Routine tests are specified, and an informative annex provides several examples of load loss calculations for transformers when subjected to nonsinusoidal currents, based on calculations provided in the standard.


This month's articles show that cholesterol-based ligands position splenic dendritic cells near T cells; how synovial fibroblasts and neutrophils promote inflammation in arthritis; that type I interferon activates liver T cells in obese mice; and how the alternative complement pathway plays a role in antibacterial immunity. This month's articles show that cholesterol-based ligands position splenic dendritic cells near T cells; how synovial fibroblasts and neutrophils promote inflammation in arthritis; that type I interferon activates liver T cells in obese mice; and how the alternative complement pathway plays a role in antibacterial immunity.


A near-infrared reflectance spectrophotometer has been constructed and operated by a group of students with an interest in applied optics. The instrument was created by repairing and modifying a 25 year-old inoperative Cary 14 scanning spectrophotometer. Details of the modification are discussed. Students learn fundamentals of diffuse reflectance measurement, synchronous detection techniques, the use of optical instrumentation, and the physical origin of spectral features. The instrument is presently being used to measure the protein content of agricultural feeds, giving students the opportunity to develop calibration software for data analysis. Additional applications are discussed. Involved students range from college freshmen to graduate students. They, and the surrounding agricultural community, are being educated to the advantages of optical techniques as a method of nondestructive evaluation.


In this paper complementary spiral resonators are used in the design of compact planar bandpass filters with wide upper stopband. Based on an inductively loaded transmission line model for the complementary spiral resonators it is shown that the ratio of the spurious resonant frequency to the fundamental resonant frequency can be increased. Comparing two filters realized by conventional open-loop resonators and complementary spiral resonators it is shown that the utilization of complementary spiral resonators not only results in a more compact filter but also that a wide upper stopband is achieved.


Polarimetric Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (Pol-InSAR) is an emerging technique that combines interferometric SAR and polarimetric SAR techniques and has shown its effectiveness in the detection of buried weak targets. The detection performance is affected by the SAR parameters as well as the covering characteristics. In this paper, the effects of covering characteristics on the detection performance were emphasized and experimentally investigated by a ground-based Pol-InSAR system. Firstly, the detection principle for buried weak target by Pol-InSAR technique was presented, which is based on the use of interferometric coherence variation with polarization. Then the ground-based two dimensional rail (TDR) SAR used for investigation was introduced. Furthermore, the experiment target scene was designed and the effects of different covering type, different covering moisture, and different covering depth on the detection performance of weak targets were shown and analyzed. Preliminary results confirmed the effectiveness of Pol-InSAR technique used for weak target detection and it would be helpful for the further investigation of this technique.


Boudon is a sociologist, professor of social sciences at the University of Paris, who wrote this volume while a Fellow at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences, Stanford. Many of the data Boudon reviews were collected while he was a consultant with the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). A necessary limitation of those data is that they are not uniform in quality and were not collected by Boudon on the basis of a design he articulated. But there can be no doubt that Boudon is at home with methodology appropriate for display and interpretation of data focused on a response to the rhetorical question, "Why has the tremendous surge in the development of education, common to most Western countries since World War II, had so little impact in furthering the cause of social equality and economic opportunity?" In suggesting that the extension of educational opportunity in the lower classes has won little economic or social advantage for the youth of those groups, Boudon's monograph complements Inequality: A Reassessment of the Effect of Family and Schooling in America by Christopher Jencks et al. (New York: Basic Books, 1972). The Jencks study argues that the number of years of schooling, and even the quality of academic achievement, have little effect on later income. Boudon undertakes to explain the apparent lack of relation between reducing the inequality of educational opportunity (IEO) and inequality of social (or socio-occupational) opportunity (ISO). The analysis is skillful and persuasive. It could have been proposed a bit more modestly and without a modish claim to being an example of systems analysis. At one moment structuralism is the approach, then the analysis of systems has center stage. Actually an understanding of formal education as a system calls for the interaction of all behavioral studies, including a social-psychological probing of attitudes. It was the French study of the latter, which as Jean Floud reminds us, gave rise to the illuminating phrase, lafamille educogene—that is, the family that highly prizes education—wishes a maximum amount of education for its children and cooperates with schools in spurring students to high levels of achievement. (Jean Floud, together with A. H. Halsey pioneered the study of social-class influences on education, using British populations for studies initiated just after World War II.) This type of family has exerted social and intellectual pressures reinforcing those of the schools. Surely humanistic reflection on the reformist visions, to which Boudon gives hardly more than a nod, is not out of order. One recalls that it was Boudon's predecessors who, shortly after World War I, joined in Les Compagnons de Vuniversite Nouvelle. These proponents of a new education may have seemed romantic optimists, but their desire was not primarily for social and economic advantage. Rather it was the humanistic goal of achieving less snobbishness and monopolization of privilege. Given these caveats, Boudon's reader will be sobered by his demonstration that there is a low correlation between education (grade completed) and mobility (p. 6). If one wishes to increase mobility, the conclusion of Boudon and Jencks (together with many styled "revisionists" among contemporary historians of American education), is that the character of the economicsocial order must be reconstructed to greatly reduce the distance between high and low income and hence between upper and lower class. It is not enough to revise the structure of education by advancing the cause of comprehensive education, mixing youth without regard for social class, or increasing the years of compulsory and fee-free education. It is not enough, Boudon argues, to increase the number of lowerand lower-middle-class families who qualify as les families Sducogenes. The manner in which Boudon uses a number of analyses to buttress his contention disarms his opposition. But we are left without direction. Perhaps that is too much to ask of the behavioral sciences, the moreso if they are not in tandem with conventional literary-moral humanism. Nonetheless, for those who wish to understand what Boudon refers to as the data of school bookkeeping, his methodological explorations truly will advance comparative studies in education. Those of us concerned with those studies are very much in Boudon's debt.


ABSTRAK
Business administration department consists of business administraton study program and MICE study program. The students come from senior high school as well as the vocational education. Business administration student get many potency to be and to get the outstanding accomplishment because they get many subject to support the their skill, competency and behaviour. The subject available are the Mata kuliah keilmuan dan ketrampilan (MKK) Mata kuliah pengembangan kepribadian (MPK)Mata kuliah keahlian berkarya (MKB)Mata kuliah perilaku berkarya (MPB) dan Mata kuliah berkehidupan bermasyarakat (MBB). The students coming from variety sciency and they have a good accomplishment, so it is a great moment for the major to develop business administration major to give attention to develop management team, syllabus, curriculum and the some others facility. The research is aimed to give attention to the department to do promotion more intensively to the public. Business administration must improve the study program for making the students will be able to compete in global market and make them able to fulfil industries needas stakeholder
Key word: business administration dapartment, students, input, otstanding accomplishment, the subject, competency, industry need and stakeholder


The purpose of this research was to analyze instability phenomena in low-current metal vacuum arc using the experimental data comparison with the calculation data. The instability phenomena are characterized by noise on the current trace prior to the actual current chopping. The instability current were investigated for various electrode material. However, the thermal conductivity effect on the instability phenomena of low-current metal vacuum arc are important for low surge switching electrode material development. Therefore, the experimental of major commercial switching electrode such as Cu-W are performed in this study. The arc during time and the maximum arc current were fixed to 8 ms and 100 A, respectively. The vacuum electrodes were set in the vacuum chamber. The cathode and anode diameters were 2.4*10 m and 4.0*10 m, respectively. The vacuum was maintained to about 5*10 Pa. The observed waveforms, instability current, chopping current are measured by the oscilloscope. As the results, the critical current of the stable current is inversely dependent on the thermal conductivity of the cathode material. This is very important result for the development of cathode materials for low-surge vacuum interrupters.


In recent years evidence has accumulated in support of the cancer stem cells (CSCs) model in cancer chemotherapy resistance, highlighting the urgency and necessity of identifying CSC-specific targets for new cancer therapeutics. SCD, a key enzyme for lipid metabolism, is overexpressed in various types of cancer and plays an important role in cancer cell proliferation. In particular, recent studies have implicated SCD involved also in the maintenance of CSCs. Here, the identification and the functional characterization of DSP-0692, a novel and selective SCD inhibitor, is reported, using various pharmacological approaches to address the mechanism of SCD inhibition in cancer cells and its efficacy in preclinical tumor models. In these preclinical models, DSP-0692 inhibited human SCD activity with low nanomolar IC 50 values. SCD expression was induced in tumor cells cultured in sphere conditions, which were resistant to conventional agents within therapeutic concentration. DSP-0692 showed strong growth inhibition when tumor cells were cultured in sphere conditions, but had little impact on cells cultured under normal two-dimensional conditions. In addition, DSP-0692 inhibited the CSC-related signaling pathway and decreased CSC markers expression in tumor cells as well as in tumor tissues. Treatment of DSP-0692 as single agent suppressed tumor growth in multiple models. Furthermore, this efficacy was enhanced in combination with conventional chemotherapies in those tumor models. Of note, SCD protein expression in tumor tissues was useful as a predictive marker for the susceptibility to DSP-0692 treatment. Taken together, these data suggest that inhibition of fatty acid desaturation by DSP-0692 could be a new therapeutic strategy in SCD-positive cancer, with potential to overcome resistance to standard chemotherapies. Citation Format: Eiji Sugaru, Yudai Furuta, Yuichi Fukunaga, Hiroki Umehara, Tsuguteru Otsubo, Manabu Watanabe, Futoshi Hasegawa, Shingo Tojo, Miki Hashizume, Hitoshi Ban. DSP-0692, a novel and selective stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) inhibitor targeting cancer stem cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3069.


Edge detection of image is used to improve the visual recognition ability of the pattern by identifying points with obvious variation of brightness in a digital image. In the case of uneven conversion of color information of anti- harmonic image pixel, edge detection becomes difficult. Traditional edge detection algorithm of anti-harmonic image adopts tensor model, as due to relatively simple structure of the tensor vector and operation, the performance of edge de- tection is poor. Therefore, An edge detection algorithm of anti-harmonic image based on colored tensor form is proposed. It starts from building the tensor model of colored and anti-harmonic image, accurately measuring the relationship be- tween pixels by means of rich computing of tensor, finding the maximum and minimum values of the first derivative of the image to detect the boundary in the space of tensor form, and finally improve the algorithm based on the color tensor morphological operators of referenced total order. Simulation results show that the anti-harmonic mean of the proposed algorithm is higher than the conventional algorithms because it not only takes into account the correlation between the color components, but also considers the conversion feature of color information, which has superior performance of de- tection.


The aim of the present paper based on theoretical and empirical analysis is the description and evaluation of benefits of coaching in education in organizations in the Slovak Republic. Our intention is to work out the issue of coaching from the aspect of individual coaching, group coaching and team coaching, as well as from the perspective of understanding the role of coaching as part of leading. The present paper contains partial results of the research conducted under the first stage of work on the research project KEGA 014EU-4/2016 – "Preparation of the content and structure of courses focused on the development of basic business knowledge and skills of graduates from non-economic health service fields of study". Results presented in the paper relate to the application of coaching in institutions employing respondents of the research and to types and kinds of coaching. The research was conducted by means of the interview method and the questionnaire method. The data collection was held in two stages (each containing several rounds) in order to obtain respondents' responses of high information value.


As heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems consume a significant amount of building energy, an intelligent strategy for building HVAC control has great potential to significantly reduce energy costs. Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG) has gained traction in home energy management and HVAC control in recent years. However, the traditional DDPG control is usually ineffective in practice because of the complexity of thermal dynamics with inter-effect between rooms in a building. This paper proposes a Multi-Agent Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (MADDPG) algorithm for HVAC control in an occupant-centric manner that takes into account the occupants' thermal comfort in multi-zones. The performance of the proposed MADDPG algorithm is evaluated and compared with a traditional DDPG algorithm through EnergyPlus. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed MADDPG algorithm is more effective than the traditional DDPG approach in energy cost reduction while maintaining the occupants' multi-zonal thermal comfort.


Ira Mukhoty, Akbar the Great Mughal: The Definitive Biography (New Delhi: Aleph Book Co.), 2020, xl + 476 pp. (with end-notes, Bibliography and Index, in total 624 pp.) with 32 pp. of colour-illustrations between pp. 260 and 261., ₹999 (Pb).


The vision, mission and objectives of a hospital from a nursing room greatly influence the establishment of a nursing care assignment method, the availability of nursing staff both in number and qualifications, the level of dependence and mobility of the client and the availability of nursing procedures and standards. The purpose of this study was to identify leadership and communication relationships in team assignments with complete nursing care documentation at the hospital. Using the quantitative method of Cross Sectional design, the research subjects were nurses in the inpatient ward of the Palembang Mother Hospital with a sample of 81 nurses determined using purposive sampling. Data sources were obtained by using questionnaires and interviews, which were conducted on November 24 - December 11 2018. Analysis of data using the chi-square test. The results of leadership research in carrying out team assignment methods were lacking (76.5%) and communication was also lacking (74.1%) while the evaluation of nursing care documentation for completeness was complete (69.1%). For the p-value of the leadership variable (0,836) and communication has p-value (0,749), it is concluded that there is no relationship between leadership and communication in the assignment of the team with complete documentation of nursing care in the inpatient ward of the Bunda Palembang Hospital. Based on the results of the study, it is expected that the management of the hospital will improve its managerial function in improving the quality of nursing services, especially in communication and leadership in evaluating nursing care documentation


This paper gives a critical review of the development in Kyoto school of Japanese \{Sinology\} and its main representative critics. It provides for the first time a comprehensive picture of the characteristics of this academic school, and reveals a fundamental research stance as well as its connection with Chinese studies.


It accurately analyzes on simply supported rectangular functionally graded piezoelectric plates,and derives state equation of functionally graded piezoelectric materials according to the basic equation of orthogonal piezoelectricity material.Assuming that material properties distribute by gradient along the thickness direction by a unified functional form,it analyzes the affection of different gradient of material properties on state variables through some cases.


BACKGROUND.
An important advance in medical oncology has been the use of adjuvant chemotherapy for lymph node-positive colon cancer. However, to the authors' knowledge, the effect of the interval between surgery and the initiation of chemotherapy on survival has not been investigated.

METHODS.
The authors analyzed predictors and outcomes of time intervals to treatment after surgery among patients older than 65 years who were diagnosed with stage III colon cancer between 1992 and 1999 using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare data. Linear and logistic regression analyses were used to model predictors of delay, and Cox proportional hazards models were used to analyze the impact of treatment timing on survival.

RESULTS.
Among 4382 patients with colon cancer, 1122 patients (26%) began adjuvant chemotherapy within 1 month, 2391 patients (55%) began adjuvant chemotherapy in 1 to 2 months, 454 patients (10%) began adjuvant chemotherapy in 2 to 3 months, and 415 patients (9%) began adjuvant chemotherapy ≥3 months after surgery. Intervals of ≥3 months (delay) were associated with older age, increased comorbid conditions, well/moderately differentiated grade, and being unmarried. Colon cancer-specific mortality was associated with a delay in the initiation of chemotherapy (hazards ratio [HR], 1.48; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.15–1.92), advanced age, increased comorbidity, poorly differentiated tumor grade, the presence of ≥4 positive lymph nodes, and undergoing surgery in a nonteaching hospital. All-cause mortality was associated with intervals >2 months between surgery and chemotherapy (2 to 3 months: HR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.15–1.74; ≥3 months: HR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.31–1.99) compared with <1 month.

CONCLUSIONS.
In the older population that was studied, only 9% of patients initiated adjuvant chemotherapy >3 months after the date of curative surgery. However, delay in initiation was associated with both cancer-specific and all-cause mortality. Determining whether these results were because of chemotherapy timing or other associated factors will require further study. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.


Thank you for reading making foreign policy presidential management of the decision making process. As you may know, people have look hundreds times for their chosen readings like this making foreign policy presidential management of the decision making process, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they cope with some malicious bugs inside their laptop.


ABSTRACT Aptitude testing is used to select candidates with the greatest potential for professional interpreter training. Implicit in this practice is the expectation that aptitude test scores predict future performance. As such, the predictive validity of score-based inferences and decisions constitutes an important rationale for aptitude testing. Although researchers have provided predictive validity evidence for different aptitudinal variables, very little research has examined the substantive meaning and robustness of such evidence. We therefore conducted this systematic review to investigate or interrogate the methodological rigour of quantitatively-based prospective cohort studies of aptitude for interpreting, focusing on the substantive meaning, psychometric soundness, and statistical analytic rigour underpinning their predictive validity evidence. Our meta-evaluation of 18 eligible studies, identified through a rigorous search and screening process, shows a diverse array of practices in the operationalisation, analysis, and reporting of aptitude tests, interpreting performance assessments, and related validity evidence. Main patterns include the collection of mostly single-site data (i.e., from a single institution), use of self-designed instruments for testing aptitude, and under-reporting of key information on measurement and statistical procedures. These findings could help researchers better interpret existing validity evidence and design future research on aptitude testing.


Superabsorbent polymers (CMC-Al-BSM) were synthesized from aqueous solutions of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), aluminum sulfateoctadecahydrate (Al) and oxidized bread fruit starch (BSM). BSM is obtained by oxidizing the starch (BS) with2% hydrogen peroxide solution. CMC-Al-BSM was preparedby mixing 100 mL of 2% Na-CMC solution and 50 mL of 2% BSM solution, stirring with a magnetic stirrer for 60 minutes at 800C and then adding 0.01 g of aluminum sulphate and stirring for 30 minutes. The mixture formed is poured onto Teflon and dried at 70 ° C until the film is formed and then the film formed is made as a powder. The same experiment was carried out with variations in the weight of aluminum sulfate 0.03 and 0.06 g. BS and BSM are characterized by measuring the carboxyl group content, recording the FTIR spectrum and morphological analysis with SEM. CMC-Al-BSM is characterized by measuring WAC by tea bag method, surface morphology with SEM and Tg with DSC. Based on the calculation, the carboxyl group content of BSM that obtained is 0,09 % and SEM Photograph shows that the BSM particle size is smaller than the BS particle size. The optimum water absorption capacity of SAP is obtained at CMC-Al3-BSM which reaches 8330% (in 1.0 g dry weight of CMC-Al3-BSM can absorb 83.3 g of water). SEM photograph also shows that the surface morphology of CMC-Al3-BSM is more homogeneous and smooth than other SAP compositions and from DSC analysis it can be concluded that CMC-Al3-BSM is a miscible mixture


HERE PROTOCOLS FOR THERAPEUTIC TREATMENT DESIGNED CELL LYMPHOMA TREATMENT B. These protocols are based on therapeutic strategies that include the use of administration of anti-CD20 human or mouse CHIMERIC immunologically active anti-CD20 radiolabelled DESCRIBED, AND STRATEGIES cooperation involve the use of anti-CD20 chimeric and radiolabeled anti-CD20.


In this paper, a novel approach is utilised for longitudinal study to evaluate the dynamic behaviour of a building using autonomous infrared thermography. This unique test has been conducted to investigate the dynamic performance of a building continuously over several days. This paper presents the monitoring process to investigate the behaviour of a poorly insulated building using infrared thermography. The experimental work is conducted over 13 days and an image is captured every hour for analysis. The results show that poorly insulated walls significantly contribute to heat losses and the most significant location and time for such losses have been identified. Based on which, the paper suggests some simple measures to improve insulation. This suggested approach has been found beneficial to understand the dynamic thermal behaviour of buildings over significant period of time.


At first glance the topic of chiral dendrimers seems to be a contradiction in terms. However, recent studies reveal that both the building blocks of the dendrimer and the overall dendritic architecture can be chiral and that chirality can be introduced at various levels. The expression of optical activity in these enantiomerically pure dendrimers as a result of conformational (dis)order has proven to be of special interest. In this Concepts article we present the different approaches to introducing chirality in dendritic architectures, organized through their possible impact in fields such as biocompatibility, catalysis, molecular recognition, and surface chemistry. Also, the relation between molecular chirality of core or building block and the macroscopic chirality of dendritic objects is discussed.


Literacy is primarily something people do; it is an activity, located in the space between thought and text. Literacy does not just reside in people's heads as a set of skills to be learned, and it does not just reside on paper, captured as texts to be analyzed. Like all human activity, literacy is essentially social, and it is located in the interaction between people. —David Barton and Mary Hamilton


Objectives: Electrophysiological testing of the visual system has been continuously used in studies involving the evaluation of retinal ganglion cells and the diagnosis of glaucoma. This study aims to review the results of recent studies regarding the clinical applicability of electrophysiological tests to glaucoma. Methods: A systematic review of the literature was carried out by 2 independent reviewers using the PubMed and EMBASE electronic databases, searching for articles published in English from January 1, 2014 to July 1, 2019 using a combination of the following keywords: ("glaucoma" OR "ocular hypertension") AND ("electrophysiolog" OR "electroretinogra" OR "ERG" OR "mfERG" OR "Pattern-reversal electroretinography" OR "PERG" OR "mfPERG" OR "photopic negative response" OR "pattern electroretinogram" OR "visual evoked potential" OR "multifocal electroretinography" OR "multifocal electroretinogram" OR "electro-oculography" OR "multifocal VEP" OR "mf-ERG"). A total of 38 studies were selected and the data of 30 of them were tabulated in this review. Results: Among the 30 studies selected, the photopic negative response and the reversal pattern electroretinogram were found to be the major methods used to record the electroretinographic responses generated by the retinal ganglion cell. Their multifocal versions and the multifocal visual evoked potential were also proposed during this period. In general, the results underscored a consistent but general correlation between the amplitude and latency measures and routine tests for glaucoma, such as perimetry and optical coherence tomography. Discussion: In agreement with previous reviews, clinical electrophysiological testing of the visual system reasonably matched with both the structural and functional analyses for glaucoma. No definitive indications of these tests have been established either at early detection or during follow-up of the disease, and easier protocols and better topographical correspondence with current glaucoma tests are warranted for their routine use.


Introduction
 Betibeglogene autotemcel (beti-cel; LentiGlobin for β-thalassemia) gene therapy is being evaluated for the treatment of transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia (TDT). Initial positive results of beti-cel in the phase 3 studies, HGB-207 (NCT02906202; non-β0/β0 genotypes) and HGB-212 (NCT03207009; β0/β0, β0/β+ IVS-I-110 and β+ IVS-I-110/β+ IVS-I-110 genotypes), showed 10/12 adult patients achieved transfusion independence. The studies expanded enrollment to include adolescents and children. We present interim results from pediatric patients <18 yrs who received beti-cel in HGB-207 and HGB-212 as of 3 March 2020.
 Methods
 After mobilization and apheresis, autologous CD34+ cells were transduced ex vivo with BB305 lentiviral vector, containing a modified human β-globin gene to produce beti-cel drug product (DP). Patients underwent busulfan myeloablation and infusion with beti-cel and were then followed longitudinally. Transfusion independence (TI; weighted average hemoglobin [Hb] ≥9 g/dL without transfusions for ≥12 mo) was the primary endpoint in HGB-207 and a secondary endpoint in HGB-212. Transfusion reduction (≥60% reduction in transfusion volume between Month 12 to 24 versus baseline) is the primary endpoint in HGB-212. Hb levels, TI characteristics, and quality of life were secondary endpoints. Assessments of ineffective erythropoiesis were exploratory. Data presented as median (min-max).
 Results
 Twenty-four pediatric patients were treated including 13 patients <12 yrs old (207: n=8; 212: n=5) and 11 patients ≥12 to <18 yrs old (207: n=6; 212: n=5). Patient, DP, and engraftment characteristics are described in the Table. All patients achieved neutrophil engraftment. Twenty-one patients with >3 mo follow-up achieved platelet engraftment and had platelets ≥100 x109/L by Month 12; one 17-yr old patient did not have platelets ≥100 x109/L until Month 15.
 In HGB-207, 6/7 (86%) patients <12 yrs and 6/6 (100%) patients ≥12 to <18 yrs with >3 mo follow-up have stopped transfusions for ≥6 mo. TI was achieved in 3/4 (75%) evaluable patients <12 yrs with weighted average Hb during TI of 10.0 (9.4-10.3) g/dL. At last visit, gene therapy-derived HbAT87Q in these patients was 5.1-7.1 g/dL. In patients ≥12 to <18 yrs, all 6 patients achieved TI with weighted average Hb during TI of 11.6 (11.3-12.3) g/dL. These patients had 8.4-10.5 g/dL HbAT87Q at last visit. Myeloid:erythroid (M:E) ratio in patients <12 yrs with TI improved from 1:3.7-1:1.1 at baseline to 1:2-1.5:1 at Month 12; in patients ≥12 to <18 yrs with TI, M:E ratio improved from 1:7.3-1.6:1 at baseline to 1:2.7-1.9:1 at Month 12. Patients <18 yrs who achieved TI in HGB-207 had an improved health state today score as assessed using EQ-5D-Y from 67 (50-96) at baseline (n=7) to 92.5 (85-95) at Month 12 (n=6).
 In HGB-212, 3/5 (60%) patients <12 yrs and 4/4 (100%) patients ≥12 to <18 yrs with >3mo follow-up have stopped transfusions for ≥6 mo. TI was achieved in 1/2 evaluable patients <12 yrs. Weighted average Hb during TI was 10.3 g/dL and HbAT87Q was 9.2 g/dL at last visit in this patient. All 3 evaluable patients ≥12 to <18 yrs achieved TI with weighted average Hb of 9.6 (9.5-12.8) g/dL. HbAT87Q in these patients was 8.0-10.9 g/dL at last visit. The M:E ratio in the patient <12 yrs with TI improved from 1:4.7 at baseline to 1.2:1 at Month 12. In the 2 patients ≥12 to <18 yrs with baseline and Month 12 assessments, M:E ratios improved from 1:5.1 to 1:1.4 and 1:3.3 to 1:1.8.
 Post-infusion non-hematologic grade ≥3 adverse events (AEs) in ≥3 patients aged <12 yrs in either study were febrile neutropenia (n=9), stomatitis (n=6), decreased appetite (n=4), increased alanine aminotransferase (n=3), and epistaxis (n=3); in patients ≥12 to <18 yrs, these were stomatitis (n=8), febrile neutropenia (n=3) and hypoxia (n=3). Grade 4 veno-occlusive disease occurred in 2 patients ≥12 to <18 yrs and one grade 2 event occurred in a patient <12 yrs; all cases were successfully treated with defibrotide. Neither replication-competent lentivirus, insertional oncogenesis, nor clonal dominance were observed.
 Summary
 Interim results in HGB-207 and HGB-212 show that after treatment with beti-cel, pediatric patients <18 yrs achieved transfusion independence with comparable rates as in adults, suggesting that beti-cel gene therapy represents an effective treatment option across ages. The safety profile of gene therapy with beti-cel was consistent with busulfan myeloablation.

 Thompson: CRISPR/Vertex: Research Funding; Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Baxalta: Research Funding; BMS: Consultancy, Research Funding; Biomarin: Research Funding; bluebird bio, Inc.: Consultancy, Research Funding. Kwiatkowski:Novartis: Research Funding; Agios: Consultancy; Sangamo: Research Funding; bluebird bio,Inc.: Consultancy, Research Funding; Apopharma: Research Funding; Imara: Consultancy; BMS: Consultancy; Terumo Co: Research Funding; Celgene: Consultancy. Porter:Vifor Pharmaceuticals: Honoraria; bluebird bio, Inc.: Consultancy, Honoraria; Agios Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy, Honoraria; La Jolla Pharmaceuticals: Honoraria; Silence Therapeutics: Honoraria; Protagonist Therapeutics: Honoraria; BMS: Consultancy, Honoraria. Kulozik:Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria; bluebird bio, Inc.: Consultancy, Honoraria. Thrasher:Rocket Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Generation bio: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Equity ownership; Orchard Therapeutics: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Equity ownership; 4Bio Capital: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Thuret:Novartis pharma: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Investigator in clinical trials; bluebird bio, Inc.: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Investigator in clinical trials; Apopharma: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Investigator in clinical trials. Lal:Insight Magnetics: Research Funding; Celgene, BMS: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding; Terumo Corporation: Research Funding; Agios Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy; Chiesi USA: Consultancy; La Jolla Pharmaceutical Company: Research Funding; bluebird bio, Inc.: Research Funding; Protagonist Therapeutics: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding. Guo:bluebird bio, Inc.: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Liu:bluebird bio, Inc.: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Colvin:bluebird bio, Inc.: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Walters:Veevo Biomedicine: Consultancy; AllCells, Inc: Consultancy; Editas: Consultancy. Locatelli:Jazz Pharmaceeutical: Speakers Bureau; Medac: Speakers Bureau; Miltenyi: Speakers Bureau; Bellicum Pharmaceutical: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Novartis: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Amgen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau.


As part of the POPS study (Potsdam prevention of eating disorders) 300 adolescents aged between 10 and 13 years completed questionnaires measuring satisfaction with weight and muscles, body change strategies and disturbed eating behavior. More than half of the girls and a third of the boys are dissatisfied with their weight. Nearly 70% of the male participants were unhappy with their muscles. Both forms of body dissatisfaction are influenced by similar sociocultural and psychological factors. While weight dissatisfaction leads to weight reduction strategies and disturbed eating, muscle dissatisfaction results in muscle enhancement methods. Potential harmful consequences of excessive muscle building techniques are discussed. The data emphasize the need for a sex-specific investigation of body dissatisfaction and its consequences. Body image aspects relevant to boys should be added to intervention and prevention approaches.


The frequency of the polyembryonic seedlings of APIV in the three selfcross generations were lower(4.67%~5.14%) and there was no obvious difference in the different generations. There were the uniembryonic plants and the polyembryonic ones in the selfcross colony produced by a uniembryonic plant, but there were also the two kinds of plants in the selfcross colony reproduced by a polyembryonic plant. The genetic types of the uniembryonic and the polyembryonic plants of APIV are the same. The polyembryonic character is relatively stable in genetics. It is more difficult to find and to breed the plant with the higher frequency of polyembryo in APIV, except the genetic change or the gene mutation. In the cross generations, there was no outstanding difference in the frequencies of the progenies from the crosses of the uniembryonic and the polyembryonic plants of APIV. The frequencies in the progenies of APIV×Purple Blood Rice crosses was very low(0.58%~3.06%),but there were the plants with the higher frequencies(6.25%~9.42%). According to the results, we think that the selection of polyembryonic character in the heterogenetic type colony is very obvious, but no in the pure genetic type colony; that the polyembryonic seedlings of APIV is a kind of quantitative character controlled by the multigenes, and its genetic mechanism is more complicated.


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Lattice preferred orientation (LPO) of calcite is difficult to measure in rocks rich in mica, since the "basal" 00-1 and "prismatic" hk-0 X-ray reflections of calcite are weak or masked by mica reflections. The calcite reflections 01-8 at 47.5° and 20-2 at 43.2 °2© (CuKa radiation) correspond to a flat (e) and a steep (M) rhombohedron, their intensities are oppositely affected by LPO, and they do not coincide with strong reflections of other common phases. The departure of their intensity ratio, IR475743.2», in cleavage-parallel (C), bedding-parallel (B), and intersection-normal (_LI) slabs from that in randomly oriented calcite can therefore be used as an approximate indicator of incipient calcite LPO in phyllosilicate-rich, fine-grained rocks, in which calcite fabric is hard to detect by other means. Sixteen samples of Tertiary flysch with incipient cleavage from the Helvetic zone of the Swiss Alps were investigated. All show low IR,7.5»/43,2» in the XI slabs, indicating a calcite c-axis or e-pole LPO subnormal to I. High IR47 5743 2. in the C slabs of most of the samples indicate a large angle of this fabric to cleavage. Relatively high IR47,"/43 2. in the B slabs in some of the samples reflect persistence of an earlier bedding-normal calcite c-axis/e-pole fabric, in many cases a bedding-parallel cleavage. In the case of small cleavage-bedding (CZB) angles, these cases cannot be unequivocally distinguished, due to the convergence of the IR47.5743.2in the C and B slabs. The method gives the best results at high CZB angles; additional information on the orientation of the c-axis/e-pole LPO fabric is obtained from plots of I475o* against I43 2.* as normalized against I4S6. as a parameter of calcite content in the slabs. Plots of IR47 5743 2.c/ IR47 5°/43 2° vs. IR47 5°/43 2° c / ^47.5743.2° b can be used to assess the intensity of tectonic calcitefabric development in samples with different CZB angles and different pre-deformational bedding-normal calcite caxis LPO fabrics; the IR47 5»/432«C/XI ratio is tentatively proposed as an indicator of this intensity. The calcite fabrics detected are much weaker than those of the phyllosilicates, suggesting that the phyllosilicates reorient largely by passive mechanical rotation through removal of matrix by pressure solution.