The production of River Elegy has created quite a stir in the country. Following that, the ripples began to spread overseas, and for a time the program was quite the rage in Hong Kong and Taiwan. In recent months we have repeatedly received letters from across the ocean, letting us know that there was an intense debate over this among the Chinese students there as well. At the same time, however, the discussions and critiques inside China itself started gradually to change from the earlier polarization between highly positive assessments and stern criticisms to somewhat academic and scholarly studies and analyses, and then, owing to certain political factors, for some time now these varied voices on the subject have died down, leaving only a sort of neutral tune characterized by an ambivalence mixing praise and denigration about equally. While talk quieted down and became silent on the mainland of China, however, the discussion of River Elegy picked up once again overseas, and those who praised it and tho...


The paper analyzes the current state of agricultural consumer cooperation in Russia, assesses the competitiveness of cooperatives in terms of financial status and level of state support. On the basis of the developed methodology, authors identify branches and regions where the potential for cooperation of small business forms is the highest and assess of its implementation at the present time. The potential change of the cooperation of personal subsidiary farms and small farmers, individual entrepreneurs in dairy cattle breeding for the inter-census period (2006-2016) has been revealed.


In recent years, radio frequency (RF) fingerprinting has attracted more and more attention. Many different types of RF fingerprints have been proposed, such as carrier frequency offset (CFO), sampling frequency offset and error vector magnitude. Among them, the CFO fingerprint is recognized as a promising RF fingerprint. However, for commonly used smartphones, we find that its CFO fingerprint is unstable, because the temperature of crystal oscillator varies greatly and large fluctuations of temperature significantly affect its CFO fingerprint. Therefore, the solutions of CFO-based fingerprinting will no longer be effective for smartphones if the temperature of crystal oscillator is not involved. To this end, we propose a more reliable and applicable CFO-based fingerprinting approach called temperature-aware radio frequency fingerprinting (TeRFF). First, we construct a dataset by extracting crystal oscillator's temperature and the corresponding CFO value on multiple smartphones over a period. In the dataset, the extracted temperature values constitute a set of temperature values, and each registered temperature value corresponds to a group of CFO samples. On this basis, we train multiple Naive Bayes models, each tagged with a registered temperature value. Moreover, since there are many temperature values which are not in the temperature set, we design a CFO estimation method to estimate the CFO fingerprint at the unregistered temperature. Finally, the experimental results demonstrate that our proposed solution TeRFF makes the CFO fingerprinting still effective for smartphone identification, and its performance is better than other existing RF fingerprinting schemes.


BS>The creep properties of annealed Zircaloy-2, Zircaloy3, and 15% cold- worked Zircaloy-2 at elevated temperatures were determined. The metallurgical bond formed between electropolished U and Zr cladding by hydrostatic pressing is being evaluated. Oxidation data are given for Nb and Nb alloys in dry air at various temperatures. A study of the phase relationships which occur between the delta phases of the U--Zr and U--Mo systems is nearly complete. The solid-solid reactions of some uranium nitrates and carbides at 1800 deg C are given. The creep properties of Ta at 1200 deg F in a helium atmosphere were investigated. (For preceding period see BMI-1226.) (W.L.H.)


A method for removing photoresist and a method for manufacturing semiconductor device using the same are provided to remove the photoresist remaining at an opening having an aspect ratio by using an active ion. Plasma including an active ion and a radical is generated. The active ion is adjusted to have a directional property. Photoresist is removed by using the active ion having the directional property as a main etch element, and using the radical as an auxiliary etch element. The plasma includes the active ion from 10 to 90%. A bias voltage is applied to the active ion so that the active ion has the directional property. The bias voltage ranges from 100 to 300V. The photoresist is removed at a pressure range from 10 to 800 mTorr and at a temperature range from 10 to 50 ‹C.


It can be an optical component with high form stability manufacture comprising a supporting substrate, and an overlying optical layer system, which is coated with at least one optical layer of a dielectric material when the elastic intermediate layer of between the optical layer and the support substrate angeordet material having a modulus of elasticity e <200 GPa. It is particularly suitable for use in optical systems for the generation, beam forming, beam guide, and beam diagnostics of suitable coherent laser light.


The uneven illumination phenomenon of Optical Remote Sensing Image will cause color or luminance difference in an image frame. The difference will further affect the production quality of digital aerial images and the further applications of them. This paper, based upon deeply studying the MASK dodging principle, presents the processing flow and the corresponding processing approach. In order to evaluate the processing results, this paper analyses the results through both qualitative aspect and quantitative aspect. Finally experiments are given, which show that the approach can achieve a satisfied effect and remove the uneven illumination phenomenon for optical images effectively. Keywords-digital aerial image; uneven illumination; color balance; MASK dodging


A simple method is presented for calculating deposition rate been propounded.With this method,the long term deposition rate can be calculated if the first year′s deposition rate is known.The present simple method is used to calculate the deposition rate after the construction of the warping bank at Nanhui.A comparison of the calculated data with the measured data shows that the method is satisfactory.The simple method is easy to use.


In order to cope with the increasingly complex application requirements, sensors work in a cooperative and collective manner. Service-oriented Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs)frameworkbecomes an effective strategy to solve the cooperative work of sensors. Aiming at the key service composition optimization problem under this framework, this paper proposes a novel multi-channel directed harmony search algorithm (MDHS) algorithm after analyzing the performance of ant colony optimization (ACO), genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithms on this problem. Based on harmony search algorithm (HS) algorithm, this algorithm adopts multi-channel, dynamic parameters, directional perturbation and other technologies, which greatly improves the excellence of service composition and solution efficiency. Extensive experiments have been carried out and the results show that our technique performs better than GA and PSO on reducing energy consumption and extending the life of the wireless sensor network.


The aftermath of World War I ushered in a period of negativity and doubt, the climate in which the relativist critique flourished. The coming of World War II saw American culture turn toward affirmation and the search for certainty. American mobilization, intellectual as well as material, became permanent in what most saw as one continuous struggle of the "Free World" against "totalitarianism"—first in its Nazi, then its Soviet embodiments. "Totalitarianism" as a theoretical and rhetorical construct had been employed occasionally and casually throughout the 1930s. For obvious reasons it succeeded in capturing the imagination of academics and publicists during the years of the Nazi-Soviet pact. For equally obvious reasons, use of the term dropped off during the wartime alliance between the United States and the Soviet Union. Then, for a generation after 1945, the construct served both as the principal theoretical underpinning of scholarly studies of Nazism and Communism in the United States, and as the foundation of American counterideology in the cold war. As a predictive theory, "totalitarianism" ultimately proved of limited value, and was progressively abandoned by historians and political scientists from the 1960s onward. The concept pointed to real, important, and novel shared features of the Nazi and Soviet regimes. In practice, variants of the theory stressed elements from one or the other of the systems; efforts to analyze the behavior of one on the basis of propositions drawn from the other were generally unsatisfactory.


"We must become familiar with the outlook of the separated churches and communities." These words from the Decree on Ecumenism express a fundamental conviction of the Second Vatican Council and state an important precondition for any ecumenical dialogue. The Decree goes on to explain that Catholics should "acquire a more adequate understanding of the respective doctrines of the separated communities, their history, their spiritual and liturgical life, their religious psychology and cultural background."2 building on this conciliar foundation, the "Guidelines for the Growing Cooperation among the Churches of Europe" called the Charta Oecumenca have formulated the commitment "to come to know and appreciate the liturgies and additional forms of spiritual life of other churches."3 Coming after Paul F. bradshaw's paper, which has shown this cross-fertilization of liturgy and ecumenism in many examples,4 the following presentation reflects upon the fundamentals of this relationship from a Catholic perspective.


John Funnell, Best Songs of the Movies: Academy Award Nominees and Winners, 1934-1958 (MacFarland and Company, 2005), 320pp.Adam Harvey, The Soundtracks of Woody Allen: A Complete Guide to the Songs and Music in Every Film, 1969-2005 (MacFarland and Company, 2007), 228pp.review by Steve LanninIn reviewing these books, I must admit to reading neither from cover to cover. Although this may appear remiss, my reasoning was to review them as they would be utilised, as reference materials. Also, given that in combination they discuss almost 200 films and more than 500 songs (not including classical selections), many of which I had neither seen nor heard previously, you may understand why my overview has reluctantly become selective. Readers should bear this in mind when debating my conclusions.Both texts are, fundamentally, lists. John Funnell's Best Songs of the Movies: Academy Award Nominees and Winners, 1934-1958, is founded upon an historic list of nominations created by the Songwriters' Guild for the Academy of the Arts; Adam Harvey's The Soundtracks of Woody Allen: A Complete Guide to the Songs and Music in Every Film, 1969-2005 catalogues all the music, scored or compiled, for every Allen film up to 2005. Lists are the format that both volumes have adopted, with films as separate chapters in Harvey's book, while years of collective nomination are episodes in Funnell's.These tomes take a mountain of information and attempt to give it meaningful and useful structure. Both succeed and fail in a number of sometimes mirrored or contrapuntal ways. In the preface to The Soundtracks of Woody Allen, Harvey states that his book emerged from the need to provide a 'comprehensive survey of all of the music' from Allen's films: it declares itself to be a 'complete guide'. The films are arranged alphabetically, which is helpful from one academic perspective - it is likely to be used as a reference book rather than a read-through text - but is unhelpful from another. Film and music are often categorised into 'time periods' (e.g. the Sixties), making chronological similarities and sub-genres easier to spot; here they are not (Harvey even mentions 'periodic trends' in Allen's work, early in the book). Harvey's introduction liberally and directly endorses each point with a collection of quotes which, were they from filmed and recorded extracts, would make an excellent documentary about Allen's scoring process. His introduction also demonstrates the variety of ways the appropriations are utilised, including for scene setting, temporal framing, as subtexts, comic devices, and for rhythmic energising.This guide can be very insightful and instructive. For example, Harvey's discussion of Manhattan includes the moment when the opening Allegro of Mozart's Symphony No. 40 is used during the concert sequence: 'Allen deliberately uses the development section here - which is by nature more unsettling owing to the rapid key changes - because it better reflects the characters' uneasiness.' However, from the same film, there are omissions regarding the metaphoric aspect of song choice in relation to image. When discussing 'Someone to Watch Over Me', for instance, Harvey states that the couple 'sit on a bench by 59th Street Bridge until dawn', but he does not then explain how this connotes guardianship (the bridge watching over the couple, Allen watching over Mary/Tracy), nor does he consider how the lyric, although unheard in this instrumental version, defines the visual power of this scene. It is not the book's stated intention to probe the metaphors, so such criticisms are probably unfair given the enormity of the task at hand (an essay on lyrical subtext in Allen's work is referenced in the notes, although this particular sequence is not included).On other occasions the book is abstruse, for example, in the passage where Harvey claims that 'Allen correlates the film's opening and closing scenes not only in content, but also provides a subtle musical parallel as well. …


Within five to ten years, the world of information technology in general and the Internet in particular has further evolved. Internet network is one of the usage of information technology is now expanding to provide facilities that enable users to search for various information needs. PT Care Nature wants to use Internet technology to help its clientele to get closer to customers. On the grounds that a site this information can be accessed anywhere in the world with a fast and cost effective inexpensive compared with a direct visit to the location concerned. This site is built using open source applications based programming that is PHP, PHP has to provide facilities where connection to almost all popular database software, both commercial and free and MySQL as a database that is reliable.


Mr. Smith, Offshore Supplies Office, feels that British industry's poor record on industrial relations, delivery dates, and pricing mean there is little chance of the UK's offshore fabrication sector being able to cash in on the present boom demand for drilling rigs. He observes that British performance in the offshore sector cannot separate itself from the British industrial performance, which has been sick. (MCW)


To provide reference for the planning and construction of urban viaducts,the critical factors of the structural schemes for the viaducts are summarized and the development trends of the schemes are predicted on the basis of analysis of several typical viaducts in Hangzhou City. According to the analysis,for the overall dimensions of the urban viaducts,it is proposed that the height of the viaducts should be controlled within 10 ~ 14 m. Where the geologic conditions for the foundations of the viaducts are good (poor),it will be appropriate that the span length of the viaducts should be 20 ~30 m (30 ~35 m). The height-to-span ratio of the viaducts should generally be 1∶ 2. 5 ~ 1∶ 3 and the depth-to-span ration of the girders for the viaducts should be 1∶ 10 ~ 1∶ 20. For the structural types of the viaducts,the cast-in-situ concrete continuous box girders should be preferably used for the superstructures while the arc shape piers or the long cantilever column piers should be used for the substructures. The structural system for a viaduct may be the one that is simply supported first and made continuous late,the continuous system and / or the continuous and rigid-frame system. The urban viaducts will develop towards the more lightweight and aesthetic configuration,more durable structures,richer functions and also towards the direction that can better embody the environment protection conception.


In this paper, we consider a remote sensing system that consists of a sensor and an estimator. A sensor observes a first order Markov source and must communicate it to a remote estimator. Communication is noiseless but expensive. At each time, based on the history of its observations and decisions, the sensor chooses whether to transmit or not. If the sensor does not transmit, then the estimator must estimate the Markov process using its past observations. We study the average cost problem in the light of vanishing discount approach. The problem was studied previously by Lipsa and Martins, IEEE TAC, 2011 and by Nayyar et al, IEEE TAC, 2013, where it was shown that the optimal estimation policy is Kalman-like and the optimal communication policy is to communicate when the estimation error is greater than a threshold. In the discounted set-up, we had earlier characterized the optimal policy and the optimal thresholds as a function of communication cost. The average cost problem is investigated as the limiting case of the discounted cost problem as the discount factor approaches one. The average cost and the optimal values of the thresholds are provided in terms of the communication cost. Lastly, we present an example of birth-death Markov chain to illustrate our results.


Considerable attention has been paid to the establishment of an appropriate land use type for the reclamation of saline–sodic soils. The microbial community structures under various land use types, however, remain elusive in the western Songnen Plain of China. The aim of this study was to explore changes of bacterial and fungal abundance and community patterns under six various land use types: (a) forest, (b) sorghum, (c) paddy, (d) wetland, (e) wasteland, and (f) meadow, with a–c considered to be 'managed systems' and d–f to be 'unmanaged systems.' High‐throughput sequencing and quantitative polymerase chain reaction of bacterial 16S rRNA and fungal internal transcribed spacer rRNA genes were applied to investigate the microbial composition. The results indicated that bacterial abundance ranged from a minimum of 3.40 × 107 copies g−1 dry‐weight soil (d.w.s.) in sorghum to a maximum of 1.03 × 109 copies g−1 d.w.s. in wetland and fungal abundance ranging from 7.11 × 105 to 5.83 × 106 copies g−1 d.w.s. with lowest measured in wasteland and highest in forest, respectively. The abundance and community structures of both bacteria and fungi were similar in paddy and wetland soils, suggesting drying–rewetting alternations played a much greater role in shifting soil microbial communities than other agronomic measures (e.g., fertilization and tillage). The redundancy analysis combined with phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of the unobserved states and FUNGuild analyses indicated that bacteria predominated in nutrient cycling, whereas Ascomycota and Basidiomycota fungi were largely responsible for the restoration of aggregate stability in saline–sodic soils.


SUMMARY We study temporal volatility patterns in seven nominal dollar spot exchange rates, all of which display strong evidence of autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (ARCH). We first formulate and estimate univariate models, the results of which are subsequently used to guide specification of a multivariate model. The key element of our multivariate approach is exploitation of factor structure, which facilitates tractable estimation via a substantial reduction in the number of parameters to be estimated. Such a latentvariable model is shown to provide a good description of multivariate exchange rate movements: the ARCH effects capture volatility clustering, and the factor structure captures commonality in volatility movements across exchange rates. In this paper we specify and estimate a multivariate time-series model with an underlying latent variable whose innovations display autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (ARCH). Various aspects of this factor-analytic approach are sketched in Diebold (1986) and Diebold and Nerlove (1987); here we provide a more complete exposition, propose a new estimation procedure, and present a detailed substantive application to movements in seven major dollar spot exchange rates. To guide multivariate specification, we begin with a univariate analysis and relate the results to apparent random walk behaviour, leptokurtic unconditional distributions and convergence to normality under temporal aggregation. The univariate results point to the need for a multivariate specification, but multivariate ARCH modelling is difficult, due to the large number of parameters which must be estimated. We therefore propose a multivariate latent-variable model in which the common factor displays ARCH. The conditional variance-covariance structure of the observed variables arises from


Abstract Despite the growing social entrepreneurship (SE) literature in other disciplines, the research on tourism social entrepreneurship (TSE) is still in its infancy, and the knowledge has not been explicitly mapped. Moreover, the existing literature consists primarily of descriptive case studies of successful TSE initiatives, and few of them have reached a comprehensive conclusion on operational experiences, nor have they further reflected on the mechanisms of how these operational experiences lead to more successful TSE. Given these voids, by systematically reviewing the extant literature, this paper contributes to the literature by depicting a knowledge map, extracting 17 operational experiences, and proposing two roadmaps demonstrating the mechanisms through which these operational experiences lead to more successful TSE. Additionally, we suggest potential theories to help researchers understand the relationships in the proposed roadmaps. Lastly, this review also critically discusses the limitations and gaps of the existing literature. Particularly, this review shows that TSE researchers usually maintain a somewhat uncritical and idealistic stance on the impact of TSE because they tend to uncritically acclaim TSE as a panacea for various social problems. Based on the limitations and gaps, we also provide recommendations for future research.


The present work describes the synthesis of the tetrapeptide H-Ala-Ala-Pro-Val-NH2 (AAPV), an important inhibitor of the enzyme human neutrophil elastase, labelled at the C-terminus with a 7-methoxycoumarinyl moiety. Photophysical studies were made with spectroscopic characterization by UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopy in different organic solvents and mixtures with aqueous HEPES solution, in order to simulate physiological conditions.


Kreisel's set-theoretic problem is the problem as to whether any logical consequence of ZFC is ensured to be true. Kreisel and Boolos both proposed an answer, taking truth to mean truth in the background set-theoretic universe. This article advocates another answer, which lies at the level of models of set theory, so that truth remains the usual semantic notion. The article is divided into three parts. It first analyzes Kreisel's set-theoretic problem and proposes one way in which any model of set theory can be compared to a background universe and shown to contain internal models. It then defines logical consequence with respect to a model of ZFC, solves the model-scaled version of Kreisel's set-theoretic problem, and presents various further results bearing on internal models. Finally, internal models are presented as accessible worlds, leading to an internal modal logic in which internal reflection corresponds to modal reflexivity, and resplendency corresponds to modal axiom 4. Georg Kreisel and George Boolos both raised the following problem: given the language L of first-order set theory, how can one be sure that any logically valid L-sentence is true? By itself, first-order logic does not seem to guarantee it at all. This problem is the Valid Hence True problem (hereafter VHT problem). Kreisel's answer is positive and appeals to the completeness theorem for first-order logic. Boolos provides two answers, which resort to the reflection principle and to the completeness theorem, respectively. In both cases, Boolos proves logical validity to guarantee simple truth, and the proof relies on nontrivial reasons, but there is no reason after all why the truth being a consequence of logical validity should be immediate and obvious. The VHT problem has been set up by Kreisel, and by Boolos as well, at the level of the background set-theoretic universe: is any L-sentence that is logically valid Received June 6, 2011; accepted March 9, 2014 First published online December 14, 2016 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary 03C62, 03A05; Secondary 03C55,


A generalized linear operator Og,h(α) is defined on the space of normalized analytic functions for each pair (g,h) of normalized analytic functions. In the present investiga- tion differential subordination, differential superordination and corresponding sandwich results are obtained for this generalized linear operator Og,h(α) as well as some relevant connections with earlier results are pointed out.


Two versions of an electronic checklist have been implemented in the Advanced Concepts Flight Simulator (ACFS) at NASA Research Center. The two designs differ in the degree of pilot involvement in conducting the checklists. One version (manual-sensed), requires the crew to manually acknowledge the completion of each checklist item. The other version (automatic-sensed), automatically indicates completed items without requiring pilot acknowledgement. These two designs and a paper checklist (as a control condition) were evaluated in line oriented simulation. Twelve aircrews from one major air-carrier flew a routine, four leg, short-haul trip. This paper presents and discusses the portion of the experiment that was concerned with measuring the effect of the degree of automation on the crews' performance. It discusses and presents evidence for a potential down-side of implementing an electronic checklist that is designed to provide fully redundant monitoring of human procedure execution and monitoring.


PURPOSE: To obtain an Al alloy having superior strength at high temp., reduced in friction, and excellent in wear resistance and seizure resistance. CONSTITUTION: One or ≥2 kinds among nitrides, borides, carbides, and oxides are dispersed into a matrix, consisting of, by weight percentage, 10-25% Si, 5-20% Ni, 1-5% Cu, and the balance Al with impurity elements, by 0.5-10%. In the Al alloy to be a matrix, wear resistance is provided by the precipitation of primary-crystal Si because Si content is regulated to 10-25%, and further, high temp. strength and wear resistance are improved by the formation of intermetallic compounds stable at high temp. because Ni and Cu are incorporated by 5-20% and 1-5%, respectively. The nitride dispersed in the matrix enables Al to slide without sticking to a mating material and the boride acts as a liquid lubricant and improves low friction coefficient, wear resistance, and seizure load resistance. Because the carbides and oxides have extremely high hardness, wear resistance is remarkably improved. COPYRIGHT: (C)1993,JPO&Japio


Reasonable and effective corporate governance is assurance that the company keeps on to stabilize a development. Corporate governance plays an important role in the modern corporate system. The core of corporate governance is how to coordinate the interests of all aspects. Financing decision is an important component of corporate governance, its influence can not be ignored. This paper discuss the financing decision on the impact of corporate governance, analysis the current problems about financing decision in China and put forward some suggestions. This paper suggest that we should reform China's financial system,develop the bond market and bank lending market,strengthen the monitoring mechanism of bank and keep the company's liability structure reasonable.


Diabetes is a frequent health problem caused by pancreatic dysfunction. It raises blood sugar levels and has serious consequences. A person suffering from these disease experiences severe symptoms affecting the kidneys, heart, eyes, etc. A substantial amount of investigation shows that machine learning (ML) algorithms can enhance sickness detection and minimize medical mistake rates, potentially saving life of an individual. It's often challenging to build a reliable and impactful predictive model because of absent values and outliers in the data frame. Using a dataset with outliers and missing values due to class imbalance and the intent of this work is to develop Diabetes Prediction (DP) & classification Model whose performance is accurate and robust. At the Pima Indian Diabetes (PID) data frame derived from the kaggel diabetes data frame, a pre processing technique will be applied. This study includes five Algorithms to calculate the model's accuracy such as Support Vector Machine (SVM), Navie bayes (NB), Random Forest (RF), K- Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Decision Tree (DT). The most accurate model is then used to forecast diabetes.


The aim of this study was to explore the effect of the essential oil of Citrus bergamia Risso (bergamot) on mouse blood vessels and to analyse the mechanism of this effect from a pharmacological perspective.


NEWNAM 6 and with the more recent work of MILLER, STONE and COX. 7 In the last of these works, following the Murty's method the authors implement three optimizations, producing a speedup by factor of over 20. On the other hand, the measurements-to-target association as part of a frame of MHT approach can be successfully formulated as a classical assignment problem. So, using an algorithm capable to find exact first K-best solutions of the so formulated assignment problem gives us K hypotheses of highest probability without first generating all feasible hypotheses and then pruning them. 3


ABSTRACT Feri Kurniawan, 2014. The Use of Audio Visual Media in Teaching Speking (A pre Experimental Study at SMP Bustanul Arifin Bener Meriah). Thesis, Graduate Program in English Language Education of Syiah Kuala University. Advisors: (1) Dr. Usman Kasim, M.Ed, (2) T. Zulfikar, M.Ed., Ph.D Key Words: Audio visual media, teaching, speaking This study focuses on teaching speaking skill by using Audio Visual Media to the second year students of SMP T. Bustanul Arifin Bener Meriah. This experiment compares the results of the students' achievement in speaking before using Audio Visual Media and after using Audio Visual Media. The population of this study was 154 students and the sample was 18 students of class VIII-1. The data were analyzed by using t-score and percentage formula. The statistical analysis of the result shows that the average score of the pre-test was 57.78. After the class was given the treatment by using Audio Visual Media, the score was 66.88. The improvement of the post-test after the treatment was 9.1. There was an improvement in students' speaking in four aspects. Pronunciation increased from 11.55 to 15.77, grammar increased from 12.44 to 14.22, vocabulary increased from 12.44 to 15.33, and fluency increased from 10.88 to 11.11, while the comprehension aspect did not improve after the treatment. Based on the data, pronunciation was the most effectively improved by Audio Visual Media. The criteria is that Ho (null hypothesis) is accepted if alpha level is higher than 0.05 (α> 0.05). The result was Sig = 0.00 < 0.05.Therefore, the null hypothesis was rejected and the research hypothesis was accepted. It means that there was an improvement of the students in speaking after the students were taught by using Audio Visual Media. The results indicate that the students have a positive response in using Audio Visual Media, 92% of the responses were positive and 8% of the responses were negative. It means that the students have good responses toward the use of Audio Visual Media in teaching speaking. Therefore, it is suggested that English teachers who have the same problems should try to use Audio Visual Media in teaching speaking.


The Putonghua Proficiency Test is designed to evaluate linguistic competence, not phonetic competence. Linguistic competence includes speech ability, skills knowledge and wisdom. It comprises both content and structure.


This research is motivated by the problem of the relationship between women and nature with male power which is reflected poetically by Dorothea Rosa Herliany in two poems entitled "Nikah Sungai" and "Nikah Pisau". Based on that problem, this study aims to describe (a) the power of male patriarchal necrophilia over women; and (b) the attitude of women as an effort to free themselves from the necrophiliac power of men. The research method used is qualitative with descriptive content analysis techniques. The research findings show two things. First, the poems "Nikah Sungai" dan "Nikah Pisau" reflect men's efforts to destroy women's natural reproductive abilities using the power of necrophilia through manipulating various natural resources such as plants, rocks, sand, animal carcasses, soil, and poison as weapons. Second, the attitude of women's resistance to the power of male necrophilia which is reflected by Dorothea in her two poems is manifested in acts of physical violence such as stabbing the heart and tearing the male genitalia.


In the case of high class ocean wave, because of the disturbance movement of ocean wave is larger than moment of rudder, it is noneffective to reduce yaw angle with rudder control and it also increase the times of noneffective rudder. In this paper design a filter to deal with yaw angle and reduce the main value frequency impact to heading control system. Filter will reduce the response of heading control system to wave disturbance and then reduce the noneffective rudder. It will reduce the abrasion of steering and energy consume.


The empirical literature comparing entity relationship and object-oriented modeling techniques, while vibrant, has often yielded equivocal findings. This review employs Norman's (1986) Theory of Action to distinguish between model creation and comprehension studies, and applies and extends the theoretical framework proposed by Gemino and Wand (2004) to highlight and detail several issues that may need further exploration if consistent results in this stream are to be realized. Specifically, this paper explores why and how issues of ontological foundation, training, equivalence of conceptual models, and modeling practices may result in differences between alternative modeling techniques. A comprehensive picture of this literature is provided and a number of potential avenues for future research are proposed.


Multi-electrode arrays (MEAs) are a candidate technology to screen cardiotoxicity <italic>in vitro</italic> because they enable noninvasive recording of cardiac beating rate, electrical field potential duration, and other parameters. In this paper, we present an active MEA chip featuring 16 384 electrodes, 1024 simultaneous readout channels, and 64 stimulation units (SUs) to enable six different cell-interfacing modalities: extracellular and intracellular recording, current and voltage stimulation, fast impedance motoring, and impedance spectroscopy (IS). The chip was designed and fabricated in a 0.13-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> Al CMOS technology, and the electrodes were fabricated on top of the silicon substrate using biocompatible TiN. Measurement results show a total input-referred noise of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$7.5 \pm 0.6~\mu \text{V}_{\mathrm{rms}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$12.0 \pm 2.4~\mu \text{V}_{\mathrm {rms}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> for the action potential and full bands, respectively, with a total power consumption of 95 mW for 1024 readout channels. We have experimentally validated the CMOS MEA in <italic>in vitro</italic> experiments, demonstrating all the different modalities. This novel platform will potentially enable high-throughput electrical activity monitoring and drug screening of cardiomyocytes.


To assess the protective immunity in BALB/c mice immunized intramuscularly with eukaryotic expression plasmid encoding the compound gene of Toxoplasma gondii surface antigen SAG 1 and SAG 2 with or without cholera toxin CTXA 2/B, gene fragment encoding SAG1 and SAG 2 were amplified from the genomic DNA of T.gondii RH strain and CTXA 2/B subunit from recombinant plasmid pUABO24-CTXA 2/B by PCR. These genes were inserted into PCDNA3.1(+) eukaryotic expression vector by digestion with restrictive enzymes and by ligating reaction. Large scale preparation of these genes was possible by method of alkaline lysis and could be used for the intramuscular immunization of mice, in which BALB/c mice were injected with plasmid pcDNA3.1-SAG 1-SAG 2 and pcDNA3.1-SAG 1-SAG 2-CTXA 2/B at a dosage of 100 μg. Booster immunization was performed at 2 weeks intervals for 3 times. Control groups were injected with empty plasmid pcDNA3.1 and PBS. Before and 4 weeks after immunization, mouse spleens of immunized and control mice were taken to test the proliferative responses of T lymphocytes and the activities of NK cells by means of MTT assay, ELISA was used to detect the level of IgG antibodies produced. The experimental results showed that significant elevation of the specific IgG antibody level was observed in immunized mice, and the proliferative response of T lymphocytes as well as the activities of NK cells were highly enhanced in the mice immunized with pcDNA3.1-SAG 1-SAG 2-CTXA 2/B. The time of death of mice after challenge the vaccinated mice with tachyzoites of the T.gondii RH strain was prolonged in comparison with that of the control mice. It is concluded that this vaccine with compound genes can enhance both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in the vaccinated BALB/c mice, and CTXA 2/B can act as a gene adjuvant to increase the immunogenicity of DNA vaccine.The design and development of multi-component DNA vaccine may be a helpful direction in the research of T.gondii vaccine.


Abstract Purpose The aim of this study was to further assess whether the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) is independently associated with all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. Methods From January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2014, patients undergoing regular hemodialysis in the Blood Purification Center of the General Hospital of Northern Theatre Command were retrospectively selected. A total of 303 MHD patients were enrolled in accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria. For each patient, the endpoint of follow-up was either death or December 31, 2021. The primary endpoints were all-cause and cardiovascular death. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to detect the predictive ability of PLR, and the optimal critical value of PLR was determined to be 107.57. Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox proportional analysis were used to assess the prognostic value of PLR. We used the same method to evaluate the correlation between the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and the prognosis of MHD patients. Results At the end of follow-up, 128 MHD patients had progressed to all-cause death, and 73 MHD patients had progressed to cardiovascular death. In multivariate Cox regression, both the high PLR group and the high NLR group were independently associated with all-cause mortality (HR 2.608, 95% CI 1.579–4.306, p < .001 vs. HR 1.634, 95% CI 1.023–2.610, p = .04). Only high PLR expression was associated with cardiovascular mortality (HR 3.379, 95% CI 1.646–6.936, p = .001). Conclusions High PLR levels can independently predict all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in MHD patients.


Collaboration takes place when people from different organizations (or from units of organization) produce something together trough effort, resources and common decisional processes and share product or final service responsibility. The future evolution of collaborative excellence in the consumer products value chain will likely reside in the attainment of new growth structures founded on innovation. Strategic alliances are associations between more independent companies which choose to administrate a project or a particular activity trough coordinating of competencies. To create synergy, we require more than a concept and a strategy. The enterprise value proposition defines the strategy for value creation trough alignment, but do not describe how to achieve it. The alignment strategy must be completed with an alignment process. Supply Chain Management encompasses the planning and management of all activities involved in sourcing and procurement, conversion, and all logistics management activities. ECR – Efficient Consumer Response: Working together to fulfill consumer wishes better, faster and at less cost (ECR Europe). Business process management is a complex management practice that many organizations find difficult to implement and progress to higher stages of maturity. SCOR combines elements of business process engineering, benchmarking, and leading practices, into a single framework. Under SCOR, supply chain management is defined as these integrated processes: PLAN, SOURCE, MAKE, DELIVER, and RETURN from the suppliers' supplier to the customers' customer, and all aligned with a company's operational strategy, material, work, and information flows.


Establishment and Composition The Human Rights Committee, though provided for in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (CCPR) Human Rights Conventions, CCPR - International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights) as an international supervisory organ right from the beginning (Articles 28-45), changed in character during its long genesis. First envisaged was a body composed of nine members, tasked with fact-finding and conciliation, and against which findings access to the International Court of Justice (ICJ) should have been given. In the end, a different concept prevailed: the Committee consists of 18 members who need to be nationals of states parties. An important additional task of the Committee is the adoption of tGeneral Commentst. Further, the discussions of and statements on particular developments or drafts of other bodies or on the improvement of its own methods of work, demand considerable time during each Committee session. Keywords: CCPR; Human Rights Committee; International Court of Justice (ICJ)


Arthur Cecil Pigou (1877-1959) has often been looked down by historians of economic thought as a minor conservative figure stuck between the great genius of Marshall and Keynes. This position is fading away as a surge of recent scholarship has constructed a new role for Pigou as one of the great modernisers of political economy into economics. Kumekawa's fascinating intellectual biography of Pigou builds on this recent work done by Nahid Aslanbeigui, Karen Knight and Michael Mclure–to name just of few. Drawing on extensive archival evidence, Kumekawa does not pretend to address economic issues, but is rather interested in situating Pigou's intellectual production in the English social and political context of the first half of the twentieth century. The reader will not be troubled with too much detailed textual analysis of Pigou, as Kumekawa brings her to a journey through Pigou's life. Over the years, Pigou's youthful participation in public life gave way to the recluse, and at times bitter, existence of a Cambridge don. As he was progressively rebuffed from new development in economics, he turned to new publics for his ideas, a source of comfort at the end of his life. This evolution, as Kumkawa argues, goes hand in hand with Pigou's political transition from a reform-minded Liberal to a Labour enthusiast in his old age. As Kumekawa navigates though Pigou' career, the reader learns about the role of professional economists at the time where the discipline was establishing its scientific status. I will summarise the argument of the book before discussing some of its historiographic deficiency concerning Pigou's legacy.


Offshore developments in ultra deep waters will lead to huge investments, therefore their profitability will have to be assessed as thoroughly as possible prior to sanction. One way to reduce reservoir risks is to use early production systems (EPS). They are cheaper to build, reduce time to first oil, and provide a better knowledge of the reservoir after one or two years of production. Some conventional EPS solutions can be extrapolated to deep and ultra deep waters, but the cost of risers and mooring lines for such systems might become prohibitive and alternate solutions could become more economical with increasing water depth. West Africa presents a unique situation with a large number of discoveries in deep waters as well as many prospects in ultra deep waters, combined with exceptionally mild metocean conditions. After the review of some existing shallow and deep water EPS schemes, followed by a description of the main EPS technical and economic drivers, the paper will present the potential for such systems and the technical challenges associated with their use in West African ultra deep water. Finally an innovative EPS solution is proposed, involving the use of a modified tanker outfitted with a central moonpool housing vertical, top-tensioned risers with surface trees. This solution is an autonomous EPS system offering new possibilities to enhance well production tests and reservoir monitoring.


Whereas the symmetry of the order parameter is specified by operations preserved at the transition, domains are determined by lost symmetry operations. The number and the relations between domains and domain pairs can be found by grouping the lost operations into left and double cosets. Different types of domains, rotational (e.g., ferroelectric, ferroelastic) and translational ones, are related to maximal subgroups retaining a characteristic domain property. The interface between domains is treated as a two-dimensional residue of the parent phase and is described by two-sided plane groups. The existence, orientation and charge of coherent stress-free domain walls between ferroelastic domains can also be determined from left coset decompositions. Junctions and interactions of antiphase boundaries, domain walls and imperfect dislocations are considered. Annihilation of antiphase boundaries by moving domain walls, the creation of antiphase boundaries by reacting domain walls and the selective interactions o...


Cardiac hydatid cyst is rare. Isolated hydatid pericardial involvement without involvement of heart or other organs are extremely rare. Its clinical presentation is variable and it can have life threatening complications. We present a case of an isolated pericardial hydatid cyst, in a female patient, presented with chest pain and removed surgically.


The Clock of Ages: Why We Age, How We Age, Winding Back the Clock, by John J. Medina, Cambridge University Press, 1996, 332 pp, $24.95.


Downy mildew is one of the limiting factors of corn production in Indonesia. Several efforts have been needed to control pathogens, one of them is the development of resistant varieties. New resistant varieties must be developed to prevent a decrease in genetic diversity in a region due to dependence on one variety. Germplasms collected from a variety of different environmental conditions is a potential source of genetic diversity. This study aims to determine the resistance of maize germplasm accession to downy mildew caused by P. philippinensis. In this study, the total number of 96 accessions of maize germplasm were tested. The experiment was arranged in a group design with 2 replications. The intensity of downy mildew infection was observed based on the incidence of the disease in 25, and 35 days after planting(DAP). The value of Area under Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC) is also calculated based on the intensity of downy mildew infection in a particular observation period. One accession which showed high resistance to downy mildew (Peronosclerospora philipinensis) was obtained, namely accession number 808 with 0 per cent infection and 0 AUDPC value, lower than the resistant varieties (Bima 3) used as a comparison, which had an average 5-10% infection and 103.5 AUDPC value. The accession obtained can be used as the source of the downy mildew resistance trait for the development of the new highly resistant variety.


Scientific observers placed aboard a sample of purse seine vessels collect data that are used to estimate the total number of dolphins killed incidentally in the eastern tropical Pacific tuna fishery. If the presence of these observers, who are not crew members, affects incidental kill levels, then the kill estimates will be biased. 1b test for the existence of such an observer effect. we compared dolphin kill data that had been recorded by observers who differed in levels of obtrusiveness according to their purposes for data collection. Some observers were placed on board primarily to collect data for estimating the total number of dolphins killed annually. Other observers collected data both for that purpose and for monitoring com pliance with dolphin-release regulations. Our results confirm that the presence of an observer does affect dolphin kill. The primary effect is an increase in the proportion of sets with no dolphins killed. and a decrease in the proportion of sets with one to nine dolphins killed. While the magnitude of the effect of observers cannot be estimated from our data, estimates of total dolphin mortality based on data col· lected by the scientific observers are biased downward. Schools of dolphins of several species, primarily Stenella attenuata and S. longirostris, have been used since the late 1950s by purse seine fishermen in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean (ETP) to locate and catch yellowfin tuna, Thunnus albacare.s. Per rin (1969) described the process of deploying, or set ting, the net around the tuna and dolphins, and then releasing the dolphins while retaining the tuna. Significant numbers of dolphins have been killed in cidentally in this fishery by becoming entangled in the purse seines (Smith 1983). The National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) and the Inter-American Tropical Thna Commission (IATTC) place scientific observers who are not crew members aboard a sample of tuna purse seine vessels to collect data related to dolphin kill. Both the NMFS and IATTC have used the data collected by these scientific observers to estimate the total number of dolphins killed annually by the entire tuna purse seine fleet (La et aI. 1982; Hammondand Tsai 1983). Additionally, the NMFS uses these data to monitor dolphin kills relative to annual kill limits establish ed for the U.S. registered fleet (Lo et aI. 1982). Periodic estimates of the cumulative numbers of dolphins killed are compared with the annual limit. If the limit is exceeded, U.S. vessels must stop fishing


The Tingkeban tradition is a form of pregnancy ritual for the Hindu community in Java which has been carried out for generations and is intended for fetuses that are still in the womb. The Tingkeban tradition is carried out when the gestational age is seven months in the Javanese calendar starting from the beginning of time which refers to the first day when the mother's menstruation ends and will be carried out between before or after the fifteenth day. Because it avoids lunar eclipses between these dates. The Tingkeban tradition is not only carried out by Hindus and non-Hindu people, but all religions originating from the Javanese tribe carry out this Tingkeban tradition as a form of respect as well as repelling reinforcements so that later the fetus and expectant mother will always have smooth delivery during childbirth.
This research is a qualitative research with data collection techniques carried out in natural settings (natural conditions), researchers used techniques of observation, interviews, document study and literature study. The results of this study are the procession of implementing the Tingkeban tradition starting from the preparation of facilities and infrastructure, genduren or thanksgiving, breaking priyuk, splitting coconuts, splashing and changing clothes. The Tingkeban tradition has the following functions: (1) the function of preserving the tradition (2) the function of sradha and devotional services, and (3) a social function. The meanings contained in the implementation of the Tingkeban tradition are (1) the meaning of increasing sradha and devotional service, (2) the meaning of tattwa in the Tingkeban tradition, and (3) the meaning of the ceremony in the Tingkeban tradition.


Objective:To observe the effect of Shenxiong Huayu capsule preconditioning on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) after cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury in rats,to investigate the protective effect of shenxiong Huayu capsule on acute cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury in rats.Method:The rats were randomly divided into five groups:sham operatiion group,ischemia reperfusion group,Shenxiong Huayu capsule high,medium,low dose preconditioning group(480,240,120 mg · kg-1).The group were divided randomly into 3,6,12,24,48,72 h group after the 2 hour focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion(n=6).Intragastric administration 7 day,once a day.Middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO) and reperfushion model was made by an intraluminal filament method.The expressions of VEGF proteins were detected by using immunohistochemical method,the neurological deficit score was assessed at the same time.Result:Compared with the sham operation group,severe neurologic deficits of rats were presented and increases of VEGF in the ischemia reperfusion group at every time point(3,6,12,24,48,72 h),and showing a significant difference(P0.05,or P0.01).Compared with the ischemia reperfusion group,neurologic deficits of rats were relieved significantly and VEGF expression increased distinctly in Shenxiong Huayu capsule dose preconditioning group at every time point(3,6,12,24,48,72 h),showing a significant difference(P0.05,or P0.01),high dose group showing best significant.Conclusion:Shenxiong Huayu Capsule may relive acute cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury in rats by increasing VEGF expression.


Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSN) are faced with the challenge of estimating distances between nodes for localization purposes. To estimate the range, most researchers opt to model the propagation trajectory of an acoustics signal either as straight lines, or by solving the wave equation and then deriving the distance. The main drawback of the former is oversimplifying the aquatic propagation model by assuming a homogeneous medium, whereas the latter approach is computationally intense and requires knowledge of the water characteristics that alters the signal velocity along the propagation path; examples of which are the sound speed profile and density. Furthermore, ranging techniques for deep water applications differ from shallow water ones due to the different boundary conditions faced in each medium. In this paper, we propose a novel and unified ranging method that is suitable for both deep and shallow waters and implicitly factors the aquatic characteristics. In particular, the proposed method uses a parabolic ranging model that takes advantage of both angle of arrival and departure of newly formed communication links to relatively localize nodes within a network. Basically, we localize nodes by modeling the propagation between each pair of nodes as a parabola that satisfies the angles of arrival and departure and show that that parabolic expansion factors in the reflection, refraction and straight line model. We validate our approach through simulation and compare its performance to contemporary ranging techniques.


Examines the controversy of the 1980s - United States intervention in Nicaragua. Policy analysts and Reagan-era policymakers explore the theory and practice of how public attitudes influence US foreign policy making.


Entrepreneur is a person who undertakes and operates a new business venture, and assumes some accountability for its inherent risks. Being in business or being an entrepreneur is about taking risks and confronting challenges while creating wealth and furthering innovation and economic growth. Being an entrepreneur is associated with starting a business, but this is a very loose application of a term that has a rich history and a much more significant meaning. In French, that refers to someone who undertakes, not an undertaker in the sense of a funeral director, but someone who undertakes a significant project or activity. More specifically, it came to be used to identify the venturesome individuals who stimulated economic progress by finding new and better ways of doing things. Entrepreneurs convert an opportunity through creativity and innovation into a profitable venture by efficiently utilizing existing or new resources. Many big entrepreneurs in world were those who were driven by an untiring passion. A business leader knows individual strengths and passions that drive them and then exploit them in a manner that benefit both employees and the organization. Entrepreneurs create value. In 2001, the Harvard Economist and Academic, Richard E Caves, made the following observation: "The preferences or tastes of creative artists differ in substantial and systematic ways from their counterpart in the rest of economy their creativity plays a lesser role."


The explosive vibration velocity is useally used to evaluate the vibration effect of blasting engineering, therefore, the ground vibration velocity is directly recorded to predict and evaluate the structureal dynamic response induced by blasting. In this paper, the dynamic equibrium equation of vibration velocity and displacement excitation and its solution are established.


During the kharif season of 2020-22, a field experiment with soybean in a soybean-wheat cropping system was conducted at the ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science, Bhopal, (M.P.) to assess the effect of different levels of crop residue retention treatments and nutrient doses on growth parameters, physiological indices, yield attributes, yield and profitability of soybean. The experiment was laid out with Factorial Randomized Block Design (FRBD) comprised of 16 combinations of 4 residue level (0%, 30%, 60% and 90%) and 4 nutrient doses (N1-RDF (120:60:40 kg N, P2O5 and K2O ha-1), N2-75% N+100% P2O5 and K2O ha-1, N3-75% P2O5+100% N and K2O ha-1, N4-75% K2O+100% N and P2O5 ha-1) with 3 replication under ongoing CRP-CA (Consortium Research Platform on Conservation Agriculture). The result showed that growth parameters, physiological indices as well as yield, yield attributes and profitability were significantly higher in 90% than other crop reside retention treatment. The higher (90%) crop residue retention resulted in 16% higher grain yield, 16.88% stover yield and 17.55% higher profitability then without residue treatment. Among different nutrient doses 100% RDF showed significantly higher growth and better physiological indices at all the growth stages. Significantly higher seed (1226 kg ha-1) and stover (2274 kg ha-1) yields were recorded with 100% RDF with any other management practices.


This work is an attempt towards employing ductile damage criterion and finite elementsimulations for prediction of fracture initiation and evolution in deep drawing of copper/stainlesssteel clad sheets. The material mechanical properties and ductile damage parameters weredetermined through standard and notched tensile tests. The effect of some important processparameters on damage evolution were examined through numerical modeling and the acceptablerange of variations for each parameter were introduced in order to prevent tearing of the blankduring the process. The numerical predictions of deformation and fracture behavior were in a goodagreement with experimental observations.


Topics of discussion included static and dynamic methods for polarizing nuclei, proton and pion nucleus scattering experiments, and possible future experiments at LAMPF. Separate abstracts were prepared for 11 papers in this report. (DWL)


The nonlinear complementarity problem can be reformulated as a nonlinear programming.This paper proposes a feasible SQP method with nonmonotone line search,and obtains a feasible descent direction by full use of the K-T point pair of a QP subproblem without other additional cost.A high-order direction is computed to overcome the Maratos effect.Instead of filter method,a nonmonotone line search is used to obtain the step length.Under some suitable conditions,not including the strict complementary condition,the global convergence of the algorithm is obtained.Some numerical results are also reported in this paper.


In Malaysia, the elderly population continues to grow. At the same time, young adults are unable to take care of their elderly parents due to work commitments. This results in an increasing number of elderly people living in solitude. Therefore, it is crucial to monitor elderly people's behavior, especially the pattern of their daily home activities. Abnormal behaviors in carrying out home activities may indicate health concerns in elderly people. Past studies have proposed the use of complex machine learning algorithms to detect anomalies in daily sequences of home activities. In this paper, a simple, alternative method for detecting anomalies in daily sequences of home activities is presented. The experiment results demonstrate that the model achieved a test accuracy of 90.79% on a public dataset.


The avant-garde novels written by the contemporary trend-setting novelist,Beicun,provided a landmark text for the analysis and interpretation of the novel form.The prevalence of first-person narration enabled the narrator to switch freely from the story itself to the relevant things of the story,from the present to the history,from the subjective world to the objective world.And the prevalence also infused the story with innumerable external suspense and unfolded the story's narration smoothly.Then,the free switch among narrative perspectives helped to form a mysterious atmosphere in which innumerable internal suspense was originated.Together with the employment of sequential narration,flashback,narration interspersed with flash backs,flash forward and some other techniques,these two methods interweaved internally and externally,which built Beicun's unique style of narration.


This paper documents the first record of the occurrence of stinging catfishes in Vellayani Freshwater Lake at Thiruvananthapuram district, Kerala, the southern part of Western Ghats region, which are native to Asia and endemic to Sri Lanka. Vellayani Lake, an important wetland in south India, is a natural habitat of waterfowls and the livelihood of about 100 traditional fishermen depends on the fish resources of this lake. The one year fish diversity study from June 2013 to May 2014, revealed the occurrence of the stinging catfish in the lake. The morphological taxonomy proved that the specimen is Heteropneustes microps, Gunther, 1864 (Nelson, J.S, 1994; Allaby, M, 1991; Arunachalam et al., 1999; U Fowler 1937; Devi and Raghunathan, 1999; Easa & Shaji, 2003; Hubbs & Lagler, 2004) of the family Heteropneustidae. About 42 species of freshwater fishes have been documented from the lake by various authors, primarily from the Department of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries, University of Kerala (Biju Kumar et. al, 2013). From Heteropneustidae family, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch, 1794) had already been identified as the native of this lake. Another species, Heteropneustes microps (Gunther, 1864) is reported for the first time from this second largest fresh water lake in Kerala.


Interactive molecular dynamics in virtual reality (IMD-VR) simulations provide a digital molecular playground for students as an alternative or complement to traditional molecular modelling kits or 2D illustrations. Previous IMD-VR studies have used molecular mechanics to enable simulations of macromolecules such as proteins and nanostructures for theclassroom setting with considerable success. Here, we present the INTERACHEM molecular visualizer, intended for reactive IMD-VR simulation using semiempirical and ab initio methods.INTERACHEM visualizes not only the molecular geometry, but also 1) isosurfaces such as molecular orbitals and electrostatic potentials, and 2) two-dimensional graphs of time-varyingsimulation quantities such as kinetic/potential energy, internal coordinates, and user-applied force. Additionally, INTERACHEM employs speech recognition to facilitate user interaction and introduces a novel "atom happiness" visualization using emojis to indicate the energeticfeasibility of a particular bonding arrangement. We include a set of accompanying exercises that we have used to teach chemical reactivity in small molecular systems.


A series of novel 1-[(2,6-dichloro-4-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-aryl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbaldehydes 6a-i were synthesized using the Vilsmeier-Haack reagent. The structures of all the title compounds have been confirmed by elemental analysis, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR and in addition, the structure of intermediate 5b was investigated by X-ray crystallography.


Objective To study the curative effect of continuous blood purification(CBP)in the hypotensive patients with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome(MODS).Methods From Jan.2005 to Aug.2007,28 hypotensive patients with MODS were treated with CBP besides the routine therapy.The average times of CBP were 24~48h.The ultrafiltration rate during CBP was 3000~6000 mL/hour for 8~10 hours per day during the day followed by continuous veno-venous hemofiltration 1500~2000 mL/hour for 14~16 hours per day at night, while the blood flow rate was 200~300 mL/min and 100~150 mL/min,respectively.Normal heparin was used as anticoagulant.Results Among 28 patients,22 recovered and 4 died.2 patients had to give up the therapy for economic reason.There were remarkable improvement in mean arterial blood pressure,central venous pressure,heart rate and oxygenation index(P0.05).The lactic acid and the scores of acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ) also declined(P0.05).Conclusions The therapy of CBP is not a taboo for the hypotensive patients with MODS.The hemodynamics is stable during CBP and no obvious side-effect relates to CBP is found.It is a effective therapy to improve the prognosis in the hypotensive patients with MODS.


The invention discloses a line differential protection method capable of automatically adapting to bypass state. The method determines running state of the line according to an on position of a line breaker, the on position of a bypass breaker and the position of a knife switch, selects the corresponding current as the current of the line current differential protection according to the running state of the line, and trips off the corresponding breaker according to the running state of the line to clear the fault when the differential protection works. The method can automatically identify the state of the line, avoids the problem of the protection quitting of the current differential protection of the traditional optical fiber while switching to the bypass running state, thus improving the security and reliability of power transmission lines of an electric power system.


Abstract This paper presents a comprehensive uncertainty analysis of a Wiebe function-based combustion model for advanced low-pilot-ignited natural gas (ALPING) combustion in a single-cylinder research engine. The sensitivities, uncertainty magnification factors (UMFs), and uncertainty percentage contributions (UPCs) of different experimental input variables and model parameters were investigated. First, the Wiebe function model was validated against experimental heat release/mass burned fraction profiles and cylinder pressure histories for three pilot injection timings (start of injection (SOI)): −20°, −40°, and −60° after top dead center (ATDC). Second, the sensitivities and UMFs of predicted cylinder pressure histories were determined. Finally, crank angle-resolved uncertainties were quantified and mapped as 'uncertainty bounds' in predicted pressures, which were compared with measured pressure curves with error bars for cyclic variations. The Wiebe function-based combustion model with a quadratic interpolation equation for the specific heat ratio (γ) provided reasonable cylinder pressure and heat release/mass burned fraction predictions for all SOIs (better for −20° and −60° ATDC SOIs compared with −40° ATDC). Uncertainty analysis results indicated that γ (parameters in the quadratic interpolation equation), compression ratio, mass and lower heating value of natural gas trapped in the cylinder, overall trapped mass, and ignition delay were important contributors to the overall uncertainty in predicted cylinder pressures. For all SOIs, γ exhibited the highest UPC values (80–90 per cent) and therefore, γ must be determined with the minimum possible uncertainty to ensure satisfactory predictions of cylinder pressure histories. While the importance of γ in single-zone combustion models is well recognized, the specific contribution of the present analysis is quantification of the crank angle-resolved UPCs of γ and other model parameters to the overall model uncertainty. In this paper, it is shown that uncertainty analysis provides a unique methodology for quantitative validation of crank angle-resolved predictions from any type of engine combustion model with the corresponding experimental results. It is also shown that uncertainties in both predicted and measured cylinder pressures and heat release rates must be considered while validating any engine combustion model.


Antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof which binds to CCR7 receptor, selectively, to kill tumor cells that express CCR7 receptor, can be prevented by reducing the migration and / or diffusion thereof. Wherein the tumor or kill, or the use of the antibodies to induce the apoptosis is disclosed, thereby, alternative therapies for tumor cells to treat cancers that express CCR7 receptor.


The main focus of this work is to find the effects of the internal electric field on the forward leakage current and photocurrent of an InGaN/pseudo-AlInGaN multi-quantum-well (MQW) grown on sapphire substrate using metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. The temperature dependent current-voltage characteristics of an InGaN MQW with and without an AlInGaN barrier (sample A = GaN barrier, sample B = Al0.043In0.036Ga0.921N barrier, sample C = Al0.043In0.052Ga0.905N) exhibit two linearly dependent divisions with different slopes at low (1.0 ≤ V ≤ 1.4) and medium (1.6 ≤ V ≤ 2.5) bias regions in the 250–300 K range. The temperature-insensitive behavior of the characteristic energy and large ideality factors mean that tunneling is the dominant process in the three samples. Distinct tunneling entities at low and medium biases are observed for samples A and B; however, for sample C, thermionic emission gain dominance in the medium bias range. The peculiar behavior in sample C is attributed to suppressed hole-tunneling currents caused by a low internal electric field. Photocurrent experiments using a xenon lamp demonstrate that sample C exhibit higher photocurrent characteristics and that the enhanced photocurrent is due to a reduced internal electric field. The low internal electric field generates a large amount of photo-excited carriers, which cross the potential of QW effectively compared to the conventional GaN barrier.The main focus of this work is to find the effects of the internal electric field on the forward leakage current and photocurrent of an InGaN/pseudo-AlInGaN multi-quantum-well (MQW) grown on sapphire substrate using metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. The temperature dependent current-voltage characteristics of an InGaN MQW with and without an AlInGaN barrier (sample A = GaN barrier, sample B = Al0.043In0.036Ga0.921N barrier, sample C = Al0.043In0.052Ga0.905N) exhibit two linearly dependent divisions with different slopes at low (1.0 ≤ V ≤ 1.4) and medium (1.6 ≤ V ≤ 2.5) bias regions in the 250–300 K range. The temperature-insensitive behavior of the characteristic energy and large ideality factors mean that tunneling is the dominant process in the three samples. Distinct tunneling entities at low and medium biases are observed for samples A and B; however, for sample C, thermionic emission gain dominance in the medium bias range. The peculiar behavior in sample C is attributed to suppressed hole-tunn...


Subject area

Management of Innovation and Technology/Management Information Systems.

Study level/applicability

Information Systems.

Case overview

SER (Sugar, Energy & Rum) was a company belonging to the Grupo Pellas Corporation. The company operated in four countries, had six subsidiaries, employed more than 25,000 people, had more than 43,500 manzanas of sugarcane crops in Nicaragua alone and had global annual sales of more than US$400m. In 2008, due to the negative effects of the crisis on the company's business model (increasing costs due to higher prices for fuel and decreasing income because of low international sugar prices), the company decided to implement a business intelligence (BI) system to optimize its processes to reduce costs and increase productivity. At that time, the company had more than 100 years of data, information systems that fed into their main business processes and a culture that appreciated data as the basis for decision-making. However, there were inconsistencies among data systems, users received highly complex reports in Excel or green screens and process monitoring happened long after the tasks had been completed. As a response, SER used extract–transform–load to collect and clean data that would be used in the BI system (the case leaves the questions regarding the systems selection unsolved for discussion). Based on their business model, they selected the most critical processes and defined key performance indicators to measure the impact of changes in those processes. They considered graphic design as a tool to make the system more accepted by users and worked together with users so that reports only offered the most important information. The result was improved costs and productivity. They decreased manual time spent by 14 per cent, automated time spent by 10 per cent, and eliminated 1,556 hours of dead time for equipment in the field, which allowed them to increase productivity by US$1m just in sugar. They saved 20,000 trips from the fields to the factories, which represented more than US$1m in savings by monitoring the weight of wagons loaded with sugarcane in real time. They improved client perceptions about the company both locally and internationally by implementing a sugar traceability system.

Expected learning outcomes

The case "Business Intelligence at the Grupo Pellas SER Company" has as its objective to respond to the question: How does a company make its BI system implementation successful? As such, the case: Discusses what a BI system is and what it provides to a business analyses challenges, benefits and context when implementing a BI system; analyses success factors and recommendations in the BI system implementation process; analyses the process of implementing a BI and highlights the importance of the system priority questions and technological alternatives.

Supplementary materials

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Subject code

CSS 11: Strategy


A new technique to reduce the times of simulation required during analog simulation was described. The technique leading to the optimization of production can be realized by changing parameters. Additionally,an improved algorithm for SA is presented to optimize the acpuired results.


This paper presents a computer system that detects traffic signs in the input video stream and tries to recognize them using a knowledge base. Detection is done in the HSB colorspace using fuzzy color segmentation. Afterwards, detected segments are analyzed by a fuzzy rule-based system which checks whether a pair of segments represents the same sign. Finally, detected objects are checked against the knowledge base using a designed similarity measure.


ANITA HANNA ATMOWIDJOJO. 1985. Resistancy of some tea (Camellia sinensis L.) clones to scarlet mites (Brevipalpus phoenicis Geijsk). Berita Biologi 3 (1) : 1-4. Scarlet mite (Brevipalpus phoenicis Geijsk) is an important pest of tea culture in Indonesia. Several means can be used to control this pest such as the use of pesticides, biological control, and the use of tea resistant clones.The last mentioned method is considered to be the best and the most effective.Most of the tea estates in Indonesia nowadays use clones as new planting materials and their resistance to scarlet mite is known to vary.In the present study, sixteen clones were compared for their resistance.The results showed that clones PS 324 and TRI 2024 were the most resistant to scarlet mite nfestations.


. How to reconcile belief in God with the worldview generated by modern science is a concern for those who see such belief as the essence of religion. Some religious traditions emphasize correct behavior, including observance of ritual, more than belief. Others stress individual pursuit of inner tranquility without prescribing particular beliefs or rituals by which that is to be achieved. Theological issues relating to "the God question in an age of science" are relevant to Christians, whose religious emphasis is on right belief as necessary to personal salvation; but science does not raise such issues for religion generally.


Abstract:  The action of the plant products quassin, cinnamaldehyde and azadirachtin was examined using pharmacological and electrophysiological methods. All three substances inhibited the beat rate of the antenna‐heart, with quassin causing a diastolic and cinnamaldehyde a systolic block. Quassin delayed and azadirachtin at first accelerated the frequency of action potentials in the heart muscle, but 5 × 10−3 m of the latter compound degraded the spike pattern and decreased the heart rate. A typical prolongation of the duration of the action potentials was observed. In recordings from a nerve of the frontal ganglion, quassin and cinnamaldehyde reduced the intervals between the spontaneous bursts, which turned into a continuous spike discharge with a decline in activity, while azadirachtin had no effect. Measurements in a single neurone of this ganglion revealed that quassin had a suppressive effect on the frequency and amplitude of the action potentials. These results suggest that the physiological effects demonstrated do not cause the primary insecticidal actions of these plant products.


The present technology relates to a communication device and method and a communication system, which make it possible to perform communication control depending on the gain of an antenna element. Provided is a communication device that performs wireless communication via an antenna element, wherein: the state of gain of the antenna element is detected; on the basis of the detected state of gain of the antenna element, a carrier sensing threshold value is controlled, and carrier sensing is performed; it is determined whether communication is possible using the set threshold value; and if communication is found to be possible, wireless communication is performed. The present disclosure can be applied, for example, to transmission devices, reception devices, transceivers, communication devices, electronic devices, computers, programs, storage mediums, and systems.


As the unique "experiment" works outside the mainstream literary world in the forties,Bian Zhilin's novel,the mountains and rivers,although is incomplete,but its literature's ideological significance and its historical value can not be ignored.The details on the content of the novel reflect the author's sensitivity about "the hearts of mankind" in the situation of the times,and just because of these subtle contem-plation the novel leads to some abstract thoughts about the "soul,war,survival,personality and common",in this text the images of intellectuals in the years of war and their cognitive significance has been further enrich and enhance.


The space-wise approach to the analysis of GOCE data utilizes a grid of convenient "geographic" second order derivatives on a boundary sphere at satellite altitude. These derivatives are to be predicted from actually observed data, which include second derivatives along instrumental axes by a suitable time dependent rotation; in fact the instrumental and geographic frames are not perfectly aligned (e.g. the z-axis is not radial). The prediction can be performed by collocation by exploiting the full covariance (and cross-covariance) of the second derivatives tensors in two arbitrarily rotated frames. This solution is being implemented by the University of Copenhagen and it has to work only with local data for the well known limitation in the numerical handling of collocation formulas. Since the "radial" component Trr is the most informative one, we are particularly interested in the effect of the misalignment on the prediction of Trr. In this respect Tzz is the most important contributor because the z-axis is very close to the radial axis. In the paper we present a study on the possibility of performing this prediction by applying a Wiener filter along the orbit, exploiting the full spatial covariance structure of T, as it has been recently studied by the Politecnico di Milano, in a simpler context. This is done by applying the observational equation of Trr as expressed in terms of Tzz and then iterating on the complicated, but small, part of the relevant operator. With the noise behaviour as designed till the end of 2003, the method proves to be convergent. With the latest noise parameters, due to the dismission of the micropropulsion system, it is not anymore; fortunately an extended treatment of GOCE data, to be presented in another paper in this volume [5], can overcome this drawback.


The experimental measurements of Millikan and co‐workers, which show that para‐H2 quenches vibrationally excited CO faster than normal‐H2 (14para, 34ortho) at temperatures below 500°K, are analyzed in the Born–Bethe approximation. Beginning with the observation that the rotational transition j = 2 → j = 6 in H2 has almost the same energy as the vibrational transition υ = 1 → υ = 0 in CO and invoking the assumption that long‐range forces are solely responsible for the difference in quenching rates between the two spin species of H2, we find that the temperature dependence of the measured rate differences can be reproduced almost quantitatively by truncating the Born–Bethe series at second order and by using an interaction potential derived from a multipole expansion of nonoverlapping charge distributions. The implications of this result, and the assumptions on which it is based, are discussed in considerable detail.


Data are provided for 49 species of arable weeds respecting their approximate average seed production and frequencies which indicate the absence of correlation between them.


Read in abstract at the Second Annual Conference on the Medical and Social Work of the Psychopathic Hospital, Boston, June 26, 1914.


A robust synthesis problem via state-feedback involving impulse-to-peak performances is investigated. Even when considering models without uncertainty, the impulse-to-peak performance cannot be computed exactly and a somewhat conservative bound may be computed by LMI optimization. Our goal is first to tighten the bounds obtained in the previous reference using the quadratic stability framework when the state-space matrices are known to belong to a polytope of matrices. In a second stage, the robust state-feedback synthesis problem is tackled in the same setup for LTI discrete-time polytopic systems. These results are then applied to control the attitude of a space launcher during the atmospheric flight


Based on the properties of definite knowledge of automobile fault diagnosis expert system,a note knowlege representation method was presented,which combines the advantages of three kinds of traditional metheds.This method was tested by an example practice.The results indicate that this method can improve the efficiency of expert system.


ABSTRACf Thi s paper reviews various applications of remote sensing and image anal ysis in plant path ology. It describes technical methods and their possibilities, but also emphasizes the biological prerequisites and restrictions of prac tical appli cations. The subject area comprises many nondestructive and noninvasive methods to detect and assess plant diseases and stress objectiv ely and cost-ef fectively, even though to date we cannot identify the specific cause of the damage. As a supplement to conventional methods , these new methods have great potential to facilitate and increase accuracy and precision in plant patho logical researc h.


In this paper, we deal with the problem of document image rectification from image captured by digital cameras. The improvement on the resolution of digital camera sensors has brought more and more applications for non-contact text capture. It is widely used as a form of data entry from some sort of original paper data source, documents, sales receipts or any number of printed records. It is crucial to the computerization of printed texts so that they can be electronically searched, stored more compactly, displayed on-line, and used in machine processes such as  machine translation ,  text-to-speech and  text mining . Unfortunately, perspective distortion in the resulting image makes it hard to properly identify the contents of the captured text using traditional optical character recognition (OCR) systems. In this work we propose a new technique; it is a system that provides a full alphanumeric recognition of printed or handwritten characters at electronic speed by simply scanning the form. Optical character recognition, usually abbreviated as OCR is the  mechanical or  electronic conversion of scanned  images of handwritten, typewritten or printed text into machine-encoded text. OCR software detects and extracts each character in the text of a scanned image, and using the ASCII code set, which is the American Standard Code for Information Interchange, converts it into a computer recognizable character. Once each character has been converted, the whole document is saved as an editable text document with a highest accuracy rate of 99.5 per cent, although it is not always this accurate. The basic idea of Optical Character Recognition (OCR) is to classify optical patterns (often contained in a digital image) corresponding to alphanumeric or other characters.


Abstract Vector radiative transfer theory is used to model the scattered intensity from a layer of randomly oriented particles over a periodic rough surface. To account for the periodic nature of row-structured vegetation, the number density of particles within the layer is assumed to be varying periodically in the horizontal direction. Using Fourier series expansions and orthogonality properties, the radiative transfer equation is solved for the transformation matrix relating the incident and scattered intensities, from which the backscattering coefficient of the layer can be computed for any incidence direction and polarization configuration. The experimental component of this investigation consisted of radar observations at 1–5,4–75, and 9–5 GHz made by a truck-mounted system for a field of corn under three conditions: (a) full, which means that the corn plants were in their natural state, (b) defoliated, which was accomplished by stripping off the leaves and removing them, thereby leaving behind only ...


The effect of different ratios of dietary calcium (Ca) to total phosphorus (tP) on the performances and retention of minerals and phytate phosphorus (pP) by quails were studied using 600 unsexed broiler quails from 1 to 21 days of age. Treatments consist of five corn and soybean meal (CSM) based diets with variable ratios of Ca:tP (1.96, 1.81, 1.66, 1.53 and 1.39) with four replicate of 30 birds each. Diets contained 3g chromium oxide (Cr O )/kg as marker. All ratios of Ca and P had no significant effect on feed consumption 2 3 of birds. There were pronounced differences (P < 0.05) in body weight gain of chicks among treatments at second and third week of age. Improved (P < 0.05) feed conversion ratio was observed at 3 wk of age. Higher ratios of Ca:tP (1.96 and 1.81) increased (P < 0.05) the retention of P compared to other treatments while ratio of 1.96 decreased (P < 0.05) the retention of Ca and phytate. In conclusion, Ca:tP ratio of 1.81 showed positive effect on most of parameters measured in this study.


One of the most critical topics for electric vehicles due to the restricted possibility of energy storage is the prediction of the remaining range. By an accurate prediction of range, the driver can decide whether and where a stop needs to be planned to recharge the battery and so avoid what is known as "range anxiety". For a high performance vehicle this range prediction requires special algorithms as the possible energy consumption can range from almost 0 Wh/km in moderate downhill driving up to 1000 or even 2000 Wh/km in race track use.


Adequate compiler support is essential to take advantage of the emerging multithreaded architecture. In this paper, we address two important questions in thread partitioning, which is a key step in compiler design for multithreaded architectures. The questions in which we are interested are: how "hard" is it to partition threads and how "bad" will a heuristic partitioning algorithm be? We propose a cost model for both multithreaded machines and user programs, and we formulate the thread partition problem as an optimization problem. Then, we answer the above two questions by proving that: 1) for the class of programs and architecture models we are interested in, the problem of thread partition for minimum execution time is NP-hard; 2) the run length produced by any list scheduling based thread partitioning algorithm is at most twice as long as that of an optimal solution.


The effect of maleic hydrazide on leaf rust and stem rust of wheat was investigated, using intact plants supplied with maleic hydrazide through the roots, detached leaves floated on solutions of maleic hydrazide, and spores germinated on maleic hydrazide solutions in agar. In each case the growth of leaf rust was inhibited at concentrations of maleic hydrazide which had no effect on the growth of stem rust. Some resistant wheat varieties became susceptible to rust after treatments with levels of maleic hydrazide which were not inhibitory to rust development. In some experiments, leaf rust races reacted differentially to maleic hydrazide. Both nutritional and inhibitory factors could be involved in resistance and host–pathogen specificity.


A robust, mild, and highly regioselective deacetylation of 1,2-diol diacetates in the presence of other acetate functions was achieved by using tetra-n-butylammonium fluoride. This method provided a single-step route to access O5′-acetyl ribonucleosides, a key intermediate in the synthesis of biomedically important nucleosides and nucleotides. Moreover, it offered the general applicability of a non-enzymatic method for the selective deacetylation of peracetylated 2′-deoxyribonucleosides. Its synthetic utility was further demonstrated by the synthesis of molecules of biomedical interest by using this particular deacetylation reaction.


Several years ago I developed a small spiral trocar for introducing air into the abdominal cavity as a preliminary to celioscopy. I experimented on its introduction after making abdominal incisions. With the abdomen open, I found that, as the trocar was gently screwed through the abdominal wall, the point slowly and carefully passed through the peritoneum. In the closed abdomen, the moment of entrance of the point, air would rush in by aspiration through the hollow trocar. The danger of the patient jerking away from the instrument was eliminated, and it could be removed only by unscrewing in the opposite direction. The fear of having a hole punched into a bowel or lung by the use of the ordinary needle or trocar is greatly lessened by this spiral instrument. The sudden stab or punch by the present method is a thing of great dread to patients. Furthermore, the physician


Introduction: Olympus Mons (OM) has an up to 9 km high circumferential scarp and aureole lobes with runout distances of more than 700 km. These are exceptional features that most other Martian volcanoes do not have. It is generally accepted today that the formation of the scarp and aureole lobes are correlated. Early attempts to explain these features proposed gravity spreading and thrust sheets [1,2,3], subglacial eruptions [4,5], volcanic spreading [6,7], and mass wasting [8,9,10]. Large volcanoes such as OM are known to deform the elastic lithosphere by loading [11]. Furthermore, they are subject to internal deformation by lateral spreading [12]. Stresses induced by these processes could lead to earthquakes and volcanic eruptions triggering flank failure [12]. The questions addressed in this work are a) whether the OM basal scarp and aureoles can be explained by a landslide mechanism and b) how the very long runout distances of the aureole deposits can be explained. Methods: For our data integration, organization and analysis we utilized ESRI's Geographic Information System (ArcGIS). The image basis consists of data from the HRSC (High Resolution Stereo Camera) on Mars Express with a spatial resolution of 25 m/px and from the CTX (Context Camera) on Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter with a spatial resolution of 6 m/px. The images were projected using Mars Transverse Mercator projection with a center longitude of 134°W. Gridded topography data of the MOLA (Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter) on Mars Global Surveyor with a spatial resolution of 463 m/px and topography data derived from HRSC stereo data with a spatial resolution of 100 m/px have been used for terrain-model analysis and morphometry. For volume determination an equal-area sinusoidal projection was used for which the margins of the aureole of interest were digitized and the area of the digitized polygon was determined. Heights of an aureole section were averaged to obtain a mean thickness which was subsequently multiplied with the area. In order to characterize the structural inventory of OM, mapping was performed. Results: In general, OM upper flanks are under a state of compression, as evidenced by the presence of terraces (Figure 1) interpreted as thrust faults [13]. In contrast to this, a number of extensional features are visible on the lower flanks, such as concentrically oriented grabens and fractures, partially buried below thick stacks of lava. Radially oriented scarps and elevated blocks on the lower flanks (Figure 1) were interpreted as tear faults [6]. The blocks are partly rotated and could be related to complex listric fault systems with synthetic and antithetic faults. On top of the blocks we found normal faults. Near the eastern base of the scarp a number of wrinkle ridges, small channels, ridges, and possible strike slip faults are observed. Wrinkle ridges are the surface expression of thrust faults forming in a layered unit on top of a décollement [14]. The caldera of OM is characterized by concentric grabens and wrinkle ridges, partly radially oriented.


This chapter argues that each United Nations (UN) Secretary-General should set his or her sights on selected human rights objectives and deploy diplomacy for the achievement of those objectives. In identifying these objectives the Secretary-General should keep in mind the mandates of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights and the UN Human Rights Council (HRC) and will not seek to duplicate their efforts. Yet, the Secretary-General should make a personal choice of areas on which he or she wishes to place a personal stamp and should call human rights diplomacy in aid for this purpose. A Secretary-General might indicate policy choices. Human rights diplomacy, however, is marshalled for the achievement of selected policy initiatives. Before offering a selection of goals for the deployment of human rights diplomacy, the chapter takes a look at experiences of the past. Keywords: Human Rights Council (HRC); human rights diplomacy; human rights objectives; UN High Commissioner; United Nations (UN) Secretary-General


A certain amount of mammalian fossils was collected in Yungshan cave about 36 kilometers north of Loping city. It is interesting to note that some stone artifacts were found in association with the mammalian fossils. The Yungshan cave is about 100-120 meters above the present river-level and the deposits in it can be divided into four layers.


By analyzing the basic functioning characteristics and the law of development to the Broadcast and Television Network,the present situation of the development of the Broadcast and Television Network is studied,and the existing problems in the running are pointed out and specific solutions to them is put forward.The solution include:establishing functioning services platform,changing the existion patterns of Broadcast and Television Network services,and unifying the Broadcast and Television Network by means of business and technologic methods.Finally,the prospects of the future development of Broadcast and Television Network are looked forward.