CURRENT efforts at school reform--ostensibly designed to increase equality of outcomes--may actually be undermining our democracy by under-valuing the wide range of talents required in 21st-century America. I contend that, instead of insisting on more and more standardization, we should be increasing variety, flexibility, and choice in what we offer in our schools. A REALITY CHECK Many policy makers today argue that all students should have a standard curriculum that will prepare them for "college or work." There is little debate about how preparation for these very different futures might also differ. Instead, more and more schools (and even some whole states) now require all secondary students to take traditional academic programs. The idea is to combat "the soft bigotry of low expectations" and prepare all students for college. The irony here is that, where such bigotry existed, it still exists. But now it has been transformed into the bigotry of phony academic courses. Students are enrolled in, say, algebra, but the course they actually experience has only a vague resemblance to real algebra. When kids complete such courses, they have "algebra" on their transcripts, but they often have to take pre-algebra in a community college. They have not "had" algebra; they've gone through a pseudo-algebra course. Why? Because "these kids can't handle a real algebra course." Sometimes there is bigotry involved in this kind of response, but often it is simply the truth. Lots of kids are neither prepared for nor interested in academic courses in mathematics. In trying too hard to keep such students from failing, conscientious teachers deliver a course largely devoid of genuine mathematics. A few imaginative, energetic teachers manage to pull some unprepared youngsters up to a respectable level of performance, but even the best teachers often sacrifice the quality of their courses to spare their students the experience of failure. But it is this system--not the teachers--that is failing our kids. An enlightened school would spend time finding out what the students are interested in and providing relevant courses. Kids who are forced into "rigorous" academic courses are doubly cheated: they do poorly in the required courses, and they are deprived of courses in which they might do well. Do I seem to be defending tracking? Certainly, I'm not defending tracking as it has been implemented over the last century, but I enthusiastically endorse the concept. Schools should provide a variety of programs to address different needs, talents, and interests. Indeed, the comprehensive high school introduced in the early 20th century--for all its faults--made it possible to increase high school attendance from about 7% at the beginning of the century to well over 50% by mid-century. This was an unparalleled achievement in schooling. Unfortunately, differentiated programs--that is, tracks--were conceived hierarchically; the "best" was the academic track, others were thought to be "lower," and the vocational track was judged to be "lowest" of all. To make matters worse, students were tested or evaluated on the basis of elementary school grades and were then assigned to the tracks. Thus, much to our shame, students who had demonstrable talent in mechanics or business were shunted into courses that were often poorly conceived, poorly taught, and largely held in contempt. This way of treating kids had to end, but the answer should not have been the one we have chosen: force everyone into the track once deemed "best." I do not claim that all vocational courses have been of low quality. Many have been excellent. (1) It is clear also that most of the goals we now hold for values and attitudes can be included in vocational as well as academic courses. The courses to be eliminated or drastically improved are those that have been regarded as dead ends, as dumping grounds for students thought to be incapable of academic work. …


This paper examines the critical interpretation of the Balkanist treatment of the Balkan Peninsula and its populations by the West in the post-socialist era, as represented in the novel Sahib by Sarajevo writer Nenad Velickovic, in the context of international peace and recovery missions in Bosnia and Herzegovina during and after the 1990s confl icts. The writer grounds his critical interpretation on a reversal of the narrator's position relative to the dominant codes of the local culture and against the assumed humanistic character of international humanitarian interventions. Some of the themes and issues present in this satirical epistolary novel are otherness, through an implicit opposition of the Western and Balkan cultural models and elements, balkanisation understood as the fragmentation and demise of selected nation states in the interest of neoliberal capitalism as well as societal regression into tribalism, vulgarisation of linguistic and communication standards and the intrusion of aggressive Western discourses, and de-tabooisation of the writer's culture and society.


Abstract This paper presents the results of a review of studies employing interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) obtained from three of the major databases: web of science, medline and psychinfo. Between 1996 and 2008, 293 papers presenting empirical IPA studies were published. Trends over time are presented. This is followed by a categorisation of the content area of that corpus. The biggest specific area of research within IPA is illness experience, it forming the subject of nearly a quarter of the corpus. The paper then describes a guide for evaluating IPA research which is used to assess the illness experience papers. Detailed summaries are provided of the papers rated as good. These summaries describe the substantive findings as well as the markers of high quality. The paper finishes with a summary of core features of high-quality IPA work.


Capacity constrained Voronoi tessellation (CCVT) [Balzer et al. 2009] addresses a crucial quality issue of Lloyd relaxation but at the expense of slower computation, which could hinder its potential wide adoption. We present a fast capacity constrained Voronoi tessellation algorithm which is orders of magnitude faster than the original method proposed by Balzer et al. [2009] (and 10x faster than a previous accelerated implementation of the same technique) while maintaining excellent distribution quality and scaling very well as the number of points increase.


Serverless functions can be spun up in milliseconds and scaled out quickly, forming an ideal platform for quick, interactive parallel queries over large data sets. Modern databases use code generation to produce efficient physical plans, but compiling such a plan on each serverless function is costly: every millisecond spent executing on serverless functions multiplies in cost by the number of functions running. Existing serverless data science frameworks therefore generate and compile code on the client, which precludes specializing this code to patterns that may exist in the input data of individual serverless functions. This paper argues for exploring a trade-off space between one-off code generation on the client, and hyperspecialized compilation that generates bespoke code on each serverless function. Our preliminary experiments show that hyperspecialization outperforms client-based compilation on typical heterogeneous datasets in both cost and performance by 2–4 × .


I mages Images in Emergency Medicine : Retinal Detachment Zachary Shinar, MD Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California Medical Center Submission history: Submitted June 21, 2007; Accepted November 26, 2007. Reprints available through open access at www.westjem.org [WestJEM. 2008;9:54.] Figure. Medial Retinal detachment taken with an Aloka SSD1400 linear probe A 62-year-old Asian male with a past medical history significant for diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and prior surgical correction of a retinal detachment of the right eye presented to the emergency department (ED) for further evaluation of an abnormal examination by his optometrist. The patient denied any acute visual changes. On examination, corrected visual acuities measured 20/40 in the left eye and 20/100 in the right eye. Sclera, cornea, anterior chamber, and visual field examinations were unremarkable for both eyes, and retinal examination of the left eye was normal by undilated direct opthalmoscopy. ED ultrasound of both eyes revealed significant findings. In the right eye, a curved hyperdensity along the lateral aspect of the retina consistent with a prior surgically corrected retinal detachment was observed. In the left eye (Figure), a medial retinal detachment was noted. These images were generated by applying the 10 MHz linear ultrasound probe with water soluble gel directly on the closed eyelid. Picture quality and Western Journal of Emergency Medicine interpretation can be greatly improved by placing the probe slightly lateral on the eye, directing the beam medially in line with the optic nerve. Asking the patient to move his closed eye medial and lateral also allows the differentiation of a taught retinal detachment from a more freely moving vitreous hemorrhage. This image demonstrates another emerging use for ultrasound in the ED: the evaluation for and diagnosis of a retinal detachment. As noted above, some patients with a retinal detachment may present with minimal visual complaints and subtle physical exam findings. Furthermore, direct ophthalmoscopy itself has limitations, especially when the pathology is distant from the macula. Diagnosing retinal detachment while the macula is still attached is particularly important, as permanent vision loss increases dramatically once this occurs. The improving resolution and increasing availability of ultrasound may assist emergency physicians in diagnosing this potentially devastating cause of vision loss. Literature concerning ED ultrasound diagnosis of ocular pathology consists predominately of case reports 1 with one prospective observational study 2 showing ED physicians agreeing with a criterion standard on 98% of the cases. More studies concerning the accuracy of ED ultrasound diagnosis of retinal detachment are needed. Address for correspondence: Zachary Shinar, MD Department of Emergency Medicine, LAC+USC Medical Center, Unit #1, Room 1011, 1200 N. State St., Los Angeles, CA 90033 Email: firstname.lastname@example.com REFERENCES Kahn An, Kahn Am, Corinaldi C. Retinal detachment diagnosed by bedside ultrasound in the emergency department. West J Emerg Med. 2005; 6:47-51. Blaivas M, Theodoro DL, Sierzenski PR. A study of bedside ocular ultrasonography in the emergency department. Acad Emerg Med. 2002; 9:462b-463b. Volume IX, no . 1 : January 2008


Object To explore the roles of MCP-1 in experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN) and responses to TWP treatment. Methods EAN were induced in Wistar rats by immunization with rabbit aciatic nerves homogenate and complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). The immunized rats were administrated intragastrically with TWP daily till death. The clinical signs of rats and pathological changes in the scia-tic nerves of rats were observed. The expression of MCP-1 in the sciatic nerves of rats was detected by immunohistochemistry technology. Results Rats developed EAN with maximum of clinical signs on day 15 after immunization, which was characterized by inflammatory cell infiltration and demyelination in the sciatic nerves. The maximum expression of MCP-1 positive cells in the sciatic nerves was detected on day 9. The expression of MCP-1 in EAN group was obvious higher than that in NS group (P 0.001). The expression of MCP-1 in the sciatic nerves in EAN+TWP group was lower than that of EAN +NS group (P 0.01). TWP relieved the clinical signs of EAN. Conclusion Chemokine MCP-1 might play an initiatory role in the course of EAN. TWP might relieve the clinical signs of EAN through suppressing the expression of MCP-1.


A strikingly high abundance of submicrometer chromite in Allende acid residues was discovered by Lewis et al in
1975 [1] during early efforts to isolate the carriers of anomalous inert gas components in this meteorite. Subsequent work showed that this chromite is not a significant inert gas carrier, but left its origin and significance unexplained. Housley and Clarke {2] used STEM
techniques to image and analyze 20 of these chromite grains and found that they are rounded and irregular in shape and vary widely in composition.


The name "Changvan" is given to a transportable neutron monitor, modernized by researchers in Thailand and housed inside a standard-size shipping container. It contains three neutron-sensitive proportional counters, which contain enriched 10BF3 gas, to detect cosmic ray showers. Primary cosmic rays are high-energy particles arriving from outer space. By colliding with atoms in the atmosphere, they produce a shower of sub-atomic particles, called secondary particles. Some particles can reach the Earth's surface, including neutrons. The Changvan is designed to measure atmospheric neutrons during a latitude survey. The side counter tubes are ringed with lead producer to produce evaporation neutrons when secondary particles collide with it. The center counter lacks the lead producer but can receive neutrons from nearby counters. The reflector and moderator made from polyethylene thermalize the evaporation neutrons and protect against disturbance by external low-energy neutrons. In this work, we pursue methods to determine spectral changes in Galactic cosmic rays using data from the Changvan, avoiding the systematic inconsistencies of cross-station comparisons. We examine neutron time delay histograms from the three counter tubes, as recorded by specially designed readout electronics, where the time delay refers to the time interval between consecutive neutron detections in one counter. We perform a preliminary analysis of such histograms to measure the leader fraction (L) of neutrons that do not follow a previous neutron from the same primary cosmic ray. The electronic dead time will be considered in the L calculation.


This study aims to identify the impacts of empowerment on the performance of employees at the Palu City Environmental Service Agency. This study used a quantitative approach. The population of this study was all employees of the Palu City Environmental Service Agency with a total of 99 people. The sample was determined using the census technique so that the entire population was used as the sample. Data were collected by observation, questionnaires, and research documentation. Data analysis used simple linear regression. The results showed that empowerment affected the performance of the employees at the Palu City Environmental Service Agency. These results indicate that empowerment can predict employee performance and it indirectly indicates that the performance of employees in government organizations or institutions can be enhanced by empowerment as an effort to increase the knowledge, abilities, skills, and creativity of employees at work.


In the last few decades, many researchers in the field of marketing studying consumer behavior have concluded that satisfaction is one of the best indicators for future corporate profits. Since the nineties, national satisfaction indices have been developed as a macro evaluation tool, from the costumer's point of view, in order to complement traditional objective measures of economic performance. This paper presents a review of the most relevant national satisfaction indices in both practical and academic environments, identifying the variables that configure the models developed in each proposal. The conclusions highlight the importance and relevance of the national satisfaction indices development. Likewise, suggestions that could contribute to obtain better results in future versions are proposed.


A numericalstudy is conducted for laminarcompressible axisymmetricjets.
The outer mediuminto whichthe jet is injected is considered to be
at rest or moving parallel to the jet. Two values of the outer medium velocity
are investigated while four types of the injected gas are considered, namely
carbon dioxide, oxygen, ammoniaand hydrogen. An implicit finite difference
methodis used to solve the boundary layerequations governingthe jet flow.A
coordinate transformation is used to improve the efficiency and accuracy of
the numerical scheme. Results for the velocity profiles and mixture fraction
profiles are obtained. An analysis of these results is made and a criterion for
comparing the velocity and mixture fraction decay rates for the considered
gases is established.


Conservation of turtle requires adequate scientific understanding of the status and dynamics of the population and consideration of the coastal communities' attitudes towards conservation of this species. Therefore, this paper explores the attitudes and knowledge of coastal communities towards the freshwater turtle and their views about conserving them in three coastal divisional secretariat divisions in Ampara district. A survey was conducted with 50 randomly selected coastal community villages in 2008. Logistic regression and Chi-square test were used to provide empirical insight of the research problem. Average age and education of the respondents were 39 and 9 years respectively. About 67% of them were below the poverty line of Rs.2,233.00 (Real total expenditure/ person/ month). About 69, 30 and 11% of the total respondents were poaching freshwater turtle for their own consumption, selling and hobby, respectively. In general, coastal communities had a low level of awareness and knowledge on the fresh water turtles. About 49 and 45% of the respondents have seen live fresh water turtles less frequently and believed their endangered nature, respectively. Age, education and interest on nature had positive and significant relationships with their willingness to support conservation of fresh water turtles. The coastal communities expressed their positive attitude towards participatory conservation of fresh water turtles. However, it was not their priority concern. Awareness program and community participation in the conservation efforts are needed to protect the valuable endemic fresh water turtles in the Eastern Sri Lanka. Key words: Attitudes, Coastal Communities, Conservation, Eastern Sri Lanka, Freshwater turtle DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/tar.v21i4.3319 TAR 2010; 21(3): 427-434


Central European dissidents, although in many ways constrained by their post-totalitarian regimes, were nevertheless taking part in a transnational circulation of ideas. This article is inspired by contemporary studies of cultural (g)localization and links them to the research on dissent to show that the dissident intellectuals in Central Europe (the particular contexts of Czechoslovakia and Poland are investigated) were not only the receivers, but also retransmitters and "generators," of "universal" ideas. To grasp their role and to understand the nature of "universal" ideas, it is necessary to look into domestic contexts to see how internationally functioning ideas are localized—that is, recontextualized and translated. What is more, locally altered meanings can influence the international "originals" so that a new meaning can be renegotiated. Central European opposition found a firm foundation and a source of empowerment in the internationally recognized discourse of human rights. However, with time, dissident groups in the Eastern Bloc struggled to reinterpret these ideas and extend their mobilizing effect onto other issues. Certain themes present in Western debates were taken up in Central Europe and merged with human rights issues. The two analyzed here are pacifism and environmentalism, ideas that were metaphorically "hijacked" and used by the dissidents. The article shows how the translation and renegotiation of these ideas proceeded and to what extent they were successful both locally and transnationally.


Li-rich and Mn-based layered oxides are most promising candidates for next generation high energy density cathode materials. However, inherent problems including poor rate performance, continuous capacity degradation and voltage fading hinder their commercial utilization. Herein, a lattice and interfacial modified Li1.2Mn0.54Co0.13Ni0.13O2 with pristine layered bulk structure, Na and S doped transition phase and epitaxially grown Na2Mn (SO4)2 (C2/c symmetry) layer was constructed by Na2S treatment. The monoclinic Na2Mn(SO4)2 not only acts as an interface protective layer, alleviating the harmful electrode-electrolyte reactions, but also promotes formation of oxygen vacancy in layered structure, enhancing reversibility of oxygen redox. The Na and S surface lattice doping endows enhanced Li+ diffusion and alleviated chance of oxygen release. With the positive effects provided by the stable interfacial layer and lattice modification, the modified cathodes with moderate amount Na2S treatment show alleviated capacity and voltage decay and enhanced electrochemical kinetics. Especially, the washed cathode with 3 wt.% Na2S treatment delivers discharge specific capacity of 305 at 0.1 C and 219 mAh g-1 at 1 C, as well as 93.15% capacity retention and 88.20 % voltage retention after 200 cycles at 1 C.


The Saci-Perere spectrometer of the University of Sao Paulo has been configured to perform particle-gamma coincidence measurements in order to study nuclear reaction mechanisms. The motivation of this type of measurement comes from the recent development of nuclear reaction models based on the Sao Paulo potential with the inclusion of an imaginary part with no adjustable parameters. New preliminary data on the 18O+110Pd transitional system are presented, and apparent similarities to weakly bound cases (e.g. 7Li + 120Sn) are briefly discussed.


Abelson and Rosenberg's work on symbolic psycho-logic has been reviewed by Lambert, and Lambert's review, by Giese. Both of these reviews contained misunderstandings which are pointed out here. Abelson and Rosenberg's fourth rule is reexamined from both mathematical and psychological standpoints. Formal criteria for translating between set-theoretic and matrix systems are proposed.


The distribution range of Ph. d. truei was defined more accurately the latitude 58° N should be considered as its boundary in the Bering Sea, and also it must include the northeastern Sea of Japan. Additional data on feeding habits of Ph. dalli in Pacific waters east of Honshu Island were obtained; there the predominant prey was mackerel Scomber japonicus. Exterior and interior characteristics of both porpoise forms were described. It was noted that typical signs of ontogenetic development manifest in the prevailing growth of anterior body and extremities during earlier ontogenesis and also in the pre-adaptive development of organs like heart or lungs, which perform vital functions within a certain period of ontogenesis. Life in the hypogravity environment causes the relative volume of the amniotic fluid, which serves as a buffer for fetus, to decrease, thus reducing the specific weight of pregnant female. High hemoglobin content in the blood and muscles provides the abilities to move rapidly and dive deep. The lack of hypertrophy of the ascending aorta is a result of availability of «wonderful nets» in the circulatory system. Quantitative and weight characteristics of the skeleton are presented. The considered morphological and physiological features did not show any differences between Ph. d. dalli and Ph. d. truei.


Shiba bands formed by overlapping Yu-Shiba-Rusinov subgap states in magnetic impurities on a superconductor play an important role in topological superconductors. Here, we theoretically demonstrate the existence of a new type of Shiba bands (dubbed topological Shiba metal) on a magnetically doped s-wave superconducting surface with Rashba spin-orbit coupling in the presence of a weak in-plane magnetic field. Such topological gapless Shiba bands develop from gapped Shiba bands through Lifshitz phase transitions accompanied by second-order quantum phase transitions for the intrinsic thermal Hall conductance. We also find a new mechanism in Shiba lattices that protects the first-order quantum phase transitions for the intrinsic thermal Hall conductance. Due to the long-range hopping in Shiba lattices, the topological Shiba metal exhibits intrinsic thermal Hall conductance with large nonquantized values. As a consequence, there emerge a large number of second-order quantum phase transitions.


To power the METRIQ (Medical Education Translational Resources: Impact and Quality) Study adequately, we aimed to recruit > 200 medical students, residents, and attendings to complete a 90‐ to 120‐minute survey by leveraging a virtual community of practice (vCoP).


This paper presents a novel terminal sliding mode (TSM) control scheme with double closed-loop structure of capacitor voltage and inductance current for the stability control of DC-DC buck converter. In order to satisfy the different performance demands of capacitor voltage and inductance current, a TSM controller and a linear sliding mode (LSM) controller is designed separately. For the former, TSM controller can track the given output voltage with fast response speed due to its finite time convergence and then output the reference inductance current; while for the latter, it can track the reference inductance current and then control the `on/off' of the power switch. The stability condition in the case of power switch `on' and `off' can also be deduced. Simulation results with comparison of those of traditional single-loop LSM controller can validate the proposed scheme.


Modern Internet of Things ecosystems and applications must be able to cope with an increasing demand for flexibility, efficiency, scalability, security. This paper presents CMC-IoT (CRS4 Microservice Core - IoT), an Internet of Things platform built upon a microservice-based architecture, providing tools for developing scalable and robust IoT applications. The platform aims to act as a generic middleware to connect a wide variety of devices, using a connector-driven and vendor-agnostic approach, allowing the development of applications in many domains, as shown in the provided examples. The focus is on the most prominent architectural features of CMC-IoT, that are compared with a reference architecture available in literature.


Introduction 180 I. Exclusion of Women from NAFTA and NAALC Negotiations 185 A. The Effects of the Public-Private Dichotomy on Negotiations 185 B. The Effects of Legislative Procedures on Negotiations ... 190 II. Provisions of the NAFTA and the NAALC that Exclude Female Workers 192 A. The NAFTA 192 B. The NAALC 194 1. Description of the NAALC's substance and procedures 194 2. Substantive provisions of the NAALC that detrimentally affect female maquiladora workers...... 197 III. The Effects of the NAFTA and the NAALC on Female Maquiladora Workers 202 A. Women in Maquiladoras Since the NAFTA's Passage ..... 203 B. U.S. National Administrative Office Cases 211 1. Gender-neutral cases 211 2. The pregnancy discrimination case 219 IV. Recommendations 221 Conclusion 224


The investigation of the optoelectronic properties of a red organic light-emitting transistor using a high-k polymer (P(VDF-TrFE-CFE)) as gate dielectric is reported. Introducing the high-k polymer strongly reduces the threshold voltages (compared to poly(methyl methacrylate)) with improved efficiency, while maintaining comparable output light power. Use of a high-k polymer as gate dielectric enables the organic light-emitting transistor platform to be exploited in the display market, as it can be driven by commercially available electronics, thus enabling low-bias-driven organic electronics.


of College Social-science Journals,Shanghai 200234,China)Abstract: The reform of the college social-science journals has become a popular topic.In the 30 years of the reform in China,the college academic journals had once been a focus of academic attention and enjoyed a brilliant period of development,which few people now can remember.The marginalization of the college academic journals now is related to the external factors and especially to the internal factors.Its future reform and development relies on multiple developments.Most college academic journals can improve their special columns for better quality,which is related to four relations,that is,the relation between the key column and the general column,the relation between the internal papers and the external papers,the relation between the special column and the sustainable development,and the relation between the construction of the special column and the improvement of its influence.


BANES, SALLY (1998) Dancing Women: female bodies on stage (London & New York, Routledge). BURT, RAMSEY (1998) Alien Bodies: representations of modernity, 'race' and nation in early modern dance (London & New York, Routledge). CARTER, ALEXANDRA (Ed.) (1998) The Routledge Dance Studies Reader (London & New York, Routledge). DUNNING, JENNIFER (1998) Alvin Alley: a life in dance (New York, Da Capo Press). GARAFOLA, LYNNN & VAN NORMAN BAER, NANCY (Eds) (1999) The Ballets Russes and its World (New Haven, CT Oc London, Yale University Press) {contributors such as Sally Banes & David Vaughan}. H'DOUBLER, MARGARET N. (1985/1998) Dance: a creative art experience (Madison & London, University of Wisconsin Press) {reprint of 4th edn plus additional essay by Mary Allice Brennan (1998)}. HARRIS, PAUL (1999) Salsa & Merengue: the essential step-by-step guide (Wilmslow, Sigma Leisure). HORNBROOK, DAVID (1998) Education and Dramatic Art, 2nd edn (London & New York, Routledge). NAGRIN, DANIEL (1997) The Six Questions: acting technique for dance performance (Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Press). ROTH, GABRIELLE (1999) Sweat your Prayers: movement as spiritual practice (Dublin, Newleaf). SIEGEL, ELAINE V., TRAUTMANN-VOIGT, SABINE & VOIGT, BERND (1999) Analytische Bewegungs und Tanztherapie (Muenchen Oc Basel, Ernst Reinhardt Verlag).


With the successful launch of GaoFen4 (GF4), on-orbit high accuracy geometric calibration for the high-resolution geostationary optical satellite will be a new research topic. With the improvement in the geometric resolution from geostationary orbit, it will become more and more difficult to meet the requirements of both high geometric resolution and large coverage for the available reference data. The purpose of this paper is to explore a new self-calibration mode for GF4 and future high-resolution geostationary optical area array cameras based on the fewest ground control points (GCPs). To overcome the problems of overparameterization, strong correlation and lower significance of the traditional rigorous imaging model, the simplified physical internal model is proposed, and its effectiveness in describing and compensating for the camera internal distortion is verified. Based on the simplified physical internal model, the self-calibration method based on two GCPs and evenly distributed tie points of two images is proposed for the high accuracy estimation of the calibration parameters. The GCPs can be used to provide the absolute geographical constraints for scale information, and the tie points can be used to provide the global constraints for optimum estimation. After calibration, the internal distortion is well compensated, and the positioning accuracy with relatively few GCPs is shown to be better than 1.0 pixels for both the panchromatic and near-infrared sensor and the intermediate infrared sensor. This paper will provide a new usable concept and approach for the future higher resolution geostationary area array optical camera to overcome the stringent requirements of both high resolution and a large area of reference data for the traditional calibration method.


Presented on September 27, 2012 from 11:00 am to 12:00 pm in the Clary theatre, Bill Moore Student Success Theatre


Abstract:This article examines images of books in English manuscripts, c. 1360–1500. Through an analysis of one hundred manuscripts with such images, I demonstrate that medieval artists developed a shared idea of the book through the depiction of specific codicological features: wordless or illegible pages in board bindings with clasps. The coherent representation of these aspects of manuscripts emphasizes books as tactile, material objects. When artists diverged from the archetypal book, they often responded to the image's textual context. Together, these imaginary books provoke readers to consider the materiality of the manuscripts as they read.


ABSTRACT The role of fluorescent pseudomonads isolates (pf0, pf1, pf2, and pf3) and zinc (Zn) (0 and 5 mg kg−1 soil) interactions in alleviating salinity in pistachio seedlings were investigated. The experiment was conducted following completely randomized design with three replicates. The results revealed that salinity decreased the growth parameters, while application of PGPR (plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria) and Zn increased these parameters. Application of PGPR significantly enhanced phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), Zn, Ca/sodium (Na), and K/Na contents, while decreased the accumulation of Na and chloride (Cl). Application of PGPR and Zn increased the phenolic compounds, sucrose, membrane stability index (MSI), and relative water content (RWC) but reduced the malondialdehyde (MDA) amount. A positive correlation was observed between Zn concentrations with seedling dry weights, phenolic compounds, MSI, and RWC contents. These results indicated that the combined application of PGPR and Zn could be a simple treatment for growth and establishment of pistachio seedlings under Zn deficiency and soil salinity.


This article is devoted to some traditions of ancient and medieval pedagogies and methodology of teaching foreign languages which are further developed in modern methodology of teaching foreign languages: principles of teaching, pedagogical ideas, educational models, methods of teaching foreign languages and teaching techniques.


The technological window for X-ray lithography is examined. What seems to narrow the technological window for X-ray lithography and remove the economical advantage is not a symptom of X-ray lithography but of the conventional means of generating X-rays. The type of source needed is an intense, pulsed X-ray source of suitable wavelength range. Although laser generated and other types of plasma generated, pulsed X-ray sources are being investigated, a plasma focus device has been ignored as a possible intense, pulsed, soft X-ray source which can satisfy the requirements of X-ray lithography. Here, means of generating an intense X-ray pulse from a plasma focus device which is suitable for lithographic needs is analyzed. Estimates of energy conversion efficiencies, spectrum of radiation, duration, and intensity of the radiation pulse are presented. Optimization, scaling considerations, and engineering solutions to anticipated difficulties are discussed.


This study determined whether mobile assignment prompts has improved student assignment rate-of-return and achievement in secondary school mathematics. Two groups were matched on achievements level and placed, in an experimental- high frequency mobile assignment prompt; and a second control group; receiving assignment in a traditional manner (in-class handouts). The second phase both groups received the frequent reminders and feedback on the assignment. The control and experimental groups were matched based on equal achievement and hence were randomly assigned either in the control or experimental groups. The findings showed that students in the experimental group who had a longer period of frequent assignment prompts with feedback, scored higher than those in the control group that had increased rate-of-return and higher math achievement scores. We underline the importance of classroom strategies in the improvement of student learning practices by engaging teacher and students with appropriate technologies. The strategies suggested in this study could be implemented in teacher daily school repertoire and could be generalizable to all schools in Qatar. Keywords : mobile devices, school assignment, frequent reminder, feedback, Qatar, mathematics


The synthesis of P-Hydroxybenzaldehyde with 4-methyl phenol as reactants by oxida- tion-catalyst had been studied.We compared the catalysts ,got the best process conditions and found the main effective factor in the reation.The use of P-Hydroxybenzaldehyde in medicine, pesticide,food and flavor,cosmetic areas was described.


Multi-drone swarm has been widely used in disaster monitoring, mapping and remote sensing, national defense military and other fields, and has become a research hotspot in recent years. Due to the openness of its operating environment, attackers can invade the control system to capture drone, and then carry out data attacks such as tamper attack, drop attack and replay attack in drone ad-hoc network, which causes a great threat to the security of drone network. Existing malicious nodes detection algorithms are not efficient when applied to drone ad-hoc network, for the following reasons: (1) The malicious node detection algorithms based on reputation usually adopt a static threshold to determine whether a node is malicious, which is inefficient in dynamic drone network. (2) Mutual cooperation based malicious node detection algorithms rely on the high meeting probability of nodes. In order to solve the above problems, we propose a Malicious Drones Detection Algorithm(MDA) based on supervised learning and clustering algorithms. The ground station calculates the reputation value of each routing path according to the received packets from different source nodes, and then evaluates the reputation value of drones with linear regression algorithm. Finally, gaussian clustering algorithm is used to cluster drones and find out malicious drones. Experiments were conducted in indoor and outdoor drone network. The experimental results indicate that the accuracy of MDA outperforms the existing methods by 10% 20%. And in the case of fewer malicious nodes, the accuracy can reach more than 90%, and the error rate is less than 10%.


Lesley Gunn looks at the effects, both positive and negative, that stress can have on our lives, and discusses some methods of dealing with stress in a constructive way.


The first- and second-order statistics of the Rayleigh back-scatter signal from a single-mode fibre under quasimonochromatic pulse excitation are derived. A fading phenomenon is predicted and observed experimentally.


Abstract Hong Kong presents a unique case of high-density living, featuring a compact urban form utilizing an extremely small percentage (21%) of total land area. Physically, the city is a mixing pot of commercial, office and residential buildings built along narrow streets, governed by a laissez-faire property market mechanism that reflects a mixed and intensive land-use pattern. The resultant urban form creates an unprecedented challenge for environmental amenities and in particular for daylight for skyscrapers. The paper discusses problems and underlying causes of daylight performance for kitchens under high-rise building scenarios. The kitchen is the subject of concern because it is claimed to be the worst lit space in prevailing high-rise building design. Besides focusing on socio-cultural expectations, the physical design of kitchens was examined critically, including the positioning, size and area of windows, reflectance and internal obstructions such as shelves and utility items, room area and room configuration. The concluding remarks make specific reference to socio-cultural factors concerning the usage of kitchens. It is the intention of this paper to use the kitchen as a proxy to illustrate the inherent problems and difficulties in directing daylight for different habitable spaces (bedrooms, living and dining rooms, as well as kitchens) in densely built, high-rise urban environments.


The regulation of hedgehog signaling by vesicular trafficking was exemplified by the finding that Rab23, a Rab‐GTPase vesicular transport protein, is mutated in open brain mice. In this study, the localization of Rab23 was analyzed by light and immunoelectron microscopy after expression of wild‐type (Rab23‐GFP), constitutively active Rab23 (Rab23Q68L‐GFP), and inactive Rab23 (Rab23S23N‐GFP) in a range of mammalian cell types. Rab23‐GFP and Rab23Q68L‐GFP were predominantly localized to the plasma membrane but were also associated with intracellular vesicular structures, whereas Rab23S23N‐GFP was predominantly cytosolic. Vesicular Rab23‐GFP colocalized with Rab5Q79L and internalized transferrin‐biotin, but not with a marker of the late endosome or the Golgi complex. To investigate Rab23 with respect to members of the hedgehog signaling pathway, Rab23‐GFP was coexpressed with either patched or smoothened. Patched colocalized with intracellular Rab23‐GFP but smoothened did not. Analysis of patched distribution by light and immunoelectron microscopy revealed it is primarily localized to endosomal elements, including transferrin receptor‐positive early endosomes and putative endosome carrier vesicles and, to a lesser extent, with LBPA‐positive late endosomes, but was excluded from the plasma membrane. Neither patched or smoothened distribution was altered in the presence of wild‐type nor mutant Rab23‐GFP, suggesting that despite the endosomal colocalization of Rab23 and patched, it is likely that Rab23 acts more distally in regulating hedgehog signaling.


Psychosis following traumatic brain injury (PFTBI) has received modest empirical investigation, and is subsequently poorly understood, identified and treated. The current article reports on consistencies in PFTBI phenomenology according to the existing peer-reviewed literature. The potential for psychotic symptoms post TBI, aetiological propositions, prevalence, significance of onset latency and injury severity, clinical and cognitive neuropsychological presentation and injury localisation/neuroimaging data are reviewed. Substantial methodological limitations associated with the majority of publications informing this work are also discussed. Despite controversies in the literature, psychosis following TBI appears to be three times more prevalent than psychotic disorders in the general population, and comparable in presentation to other idiopathic psychotic spectrum disorders, including schizophrenia.


A product line approach is a disciplined methodology for strategic reuse of source code, requirement specifications, software architectures, design models, components, test cases, and the processes for using the aforementioned artifacts. Software process simulation modeling is a valuable tool for enabling decision making for a wide variety of purposes, ranging from adoption and strategic management to process improvement and planning. In this paper, discrete event simulation is used to provide a framework for the simulation of software product line engineering. We have created an environment that facilitates strategic management and long-term forecasting with respect to software product line development and evolution.


Sacrifice as Gift: Eucharist, Grace, and Contemplative Prayer in Maurice de la Taille. By Michon M. Matthiesen. Washington, D.C.: The Catholic University of America Press, 2013. 320 pp. $69.95 (cloth).Sacrifice has been crucial to most cultures since their origins. In fact, many cultures trace their existence back to original sacrifices. The Sybil at Cumae put it succinctly in The Aeneid when she told Aeneas that the founding of Rome would depend on "the Tiber foaming with much blood." Many lives, she prophesied, would have to be sacrificed before Rome could begin its ascent toward imperial glory. In another poem about cultural origins, "The Gift Outright," Robert Frost explained how the sacrifices of Americas founders involved a paradoxical gift-exchange. The founders gave their energies and in some cases their lives to what they considered to be a noble cause, believing that they-or their progeny-would receive greater gifts in return. They "found salvation," Frost proclaimed, "in surrender," and the gifts they surrendered were often their lives. Thinking of the way powerful cultures depended on bloody sacrifices, Frost said: "The deed of gift was many deeds of war."As Michon Matthiesen makes clear in Sacrifice as Gift: Eucharist, Grace, and Contemplative Prayer in Maurice de la Taille, some contemporaiy theologians who ponder Christs sacrifice at the origin of Christian culture shy away from the gritty realism of a Virgil or a Frost. "A large and respected body of liturgical theologians, inspired by the liturgical renewal and revisions of Vatican II, has labored to reconceive eucharistie sacrifice, eager to remove any lingering suggestion of immolation, destruction, or violence. A more radical minority within this group contends-on pastoral, ecumenical, and theological grounds-that the church ought to eliminate sacrificial language entirely from the liturgy, often proposing in its stead the language of gift" (p. 1). For those theologians who want to deemphasize or repudiate the bloodiness of sacrifice, Christs passion and crucifixion are merely metaphors for the ardors of the spiritual life. According to Matthiesen, the theologian Kevin Seasoltz summarized this "domesticated or sanitized concept of sacrifice" (p. 19) in his 2007 book God's Gift Giving when he declared that Christs sacrifice was essentially "a metaphor of a relational self-gift or self-limitation" (p. 16). To Seasoltz and his peers, the eucharistie ritual commemorating Christ's sacrifice is a cordial "gift exchange" in which "the Christian receives the gift of God in the Eucharist and offers a 'return-gift' in his or her concrete ethical action in the world" (p. …


Abstract is set as the tool through which extracts the appropriate text message to ensure the transmission of scientific content. It is a complex analysis technique is highly valued by the user. The objectives of this study are to analyze the different meanings of the term abstract from different researchers, research different scientific claims about their quality and type, and highlight its importance as a process that shapes the content analysis. It makes a definition of the term according to current needs and proposes a relevant typology, as well as proposing improvements to strengthen its quality parameters, to ensure the training of documentary, and thus, the information needs of users.


Objective To assess whether there were any effect of age on the gap junction in canine pulmonary vein.Methods 6 adult and old dogs were anesthetized,then the inducibility of AF was tested by burst pacing.Cryosections from the pulmonary veins were immunolabeled with antibodies against Connexin 40 (Cx40)and Connexin43 (Cx43)and analyzed by confocal laser scanning microscopy.Results Sustained AF was not observed in any of the 6 adult dogs.Four of the five old dogs presented with sustained AF(X~2,P0.05).There was no significant difference of the expression of the Cx40 (0.57±0.2% vs 1.18±0.3%, P0.05)and Cx43(0.48±0.2% vs 1.56±0.5%, P0.05)between groups.Conclusion The age did not alter the express and distribution pattern of Cx40 and Cx43 in canine pulmonary vein.


Objective: Cardiometabolic disease (CMD) is a clustering of cardiometabolic risk factors of obesity, hypertension, fatty liver disease, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. This disorder that involve Host-microbiota co-metabolism and Western diets, with high-fat content is one of the main causes of mortality with fast increment nowadays. The study of metabolism involved and a development of specific biomarkers for early detection of cardiometabolic disease seems essential in patient management. The objective is to identify potential CMD biomarkers through analysis of changes involved in serum metabolism by NMR-metabolomics and microbiota modulation by DGGE and Pyrosequencing. Design and method: Male Wistar rats, 16 weeks old, were fed with a high-fat and sucrose diet (HFD) for 12 weeks to induce MS. Blood serum from high-fat fed rats was analyzed by Metabolomic analysis. This analysis was performed by Nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and microbiota diversity was observed in fecal samples by Denaturant gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and Pyrosequencing. Results: HFD induced an increase in body weight, changes in glycemic levels and higher levels of arterial blood pressure and triglycerides and lower HDL levels in comparison with control rats. Liver histology revealed higher intra-hepatocytic lipid content, suggesting an early hepatic damage. The metabolomic profile of blood serum, demonstrated metabolism differences in HFD group that affected metabolites involved in different metabolic pathways. Moreover, host-microbiota co-metabolites were also altered. This analysis seems indicate a correlation between some microbial metabolites with cardiometabolic parameters. In addition, Pyrosequencing and DGGE studies revealed changes in the microbiota composition that this revealed lower microbiota diversity in the HFD group. Conclusions: Microbiota co-metabolism seems modulate the early development of CMD on host organism and the 1H NMR-based metabolomics can provide a non-invasive mean for MS early detection.


The present invention is transmitted visible light intensity increases agent of the light transmissive substrate containing an organic silicon compound and the inorganic silicon compound, and a method for producing a highly light-transmissive substrate to use the transmitted visible light intensity increases agents, as well as, organosilicon compound, and , and forming a layer containing an inorganic silicon compound in the light-transmissive substrate surface, to transmitted visible light intensity increases method of a light transmissive substrate. The transmitted visible light intensity increases agent and said layer further preferably contains titanium oxide, it is preferable the titanium oxide is a metal-doped titanium oxide. The present invention, by applicable simple method regardless of the substrate material and shape, it is possible to provide a substrate transmittance has been improved optical properties increases with reducing the reflectance of the substrate.


This study was designed to observe that the protection of whole body hypothermia in conjunction with photodynamic therapy (PDT) which was determined on normal rat brain. 34 wistar rats were divided into three groups. Hypothermic animals, normathermic group,control group. All of three groups, a 5-mm diameter craniectomy was performed under the microscope. Photofrin was injected intraperitoneally prior laser treatment. PDT was performed. Photofrin was only injected on the control group, and have no laser treatment. Cortica lesion depths were measured. and pathological evaluation was made at 24 hours post PDT. Lesions generated in hypothemic and normathermic groups showed similar pathology, characterized by coagulation necrosis and areas of hemorrhage, control group showed no pathology. But comparisons of the mean lesion depth of hypothermic and normathermic animals showed significant difference(P﹤0.001). the lesion depth of hypothermic animals were apparent shallow. [Conclusions] This results suggest that in vivo mild hypothermia may reduce damage to normal brain from PDT.


17 Pyrazinamide (PZA) is a first-line tuberculosis (TB) drug that has been in clinical use for 18 sixty years yet still has an unresolved mechanism of action. Based upon the observation 19 that the minimum concentration of PZA required to inhibit growth of Mycobacterium 20 tuberculosis is approximately 1000-fold higher than for other first-line drugs, we 21 hypothesized that M. tuberculosis expresses factors that mediate intrinsic resistance to 22 PZA. To identify genes associated with intrinsic PZA resistance, a library of transposon 23 mutagenized Mycobacterium bovis BCG was screened for strains showing hyper24 susceptibility to the active form of PZA, pyrazinoic acid (POA). Disruption of the long25 chain fatty acyl-CoA ligase FadD2 enhanced POA susceptibility by 16-fold on agar 26 medium, and the wild type level of susceptibility was restored upon expression of fadD2 27 from an integrating mycobacterial vector. Consistent with the recent observation that 28 POA perturbs mycobacterial CoA metabolism, the fadD2 mutant strain was more 29 vulnerable to POA-mediated CoA depletion than the wild type strain. Ectopic expression 30 of the M. tuberculosis pyrazinamidase PncA, necessary for conversion of PZA to POA, in 31 the fadD2 transposon insertion mutant conferred at least a 16-fold increase in PZA 32 susceptibility under active growth conditions in liquid culture at neutral pH. Importantly, 33 deletion of fadD2 in M. tuberculosis strain H37Rv also resulted in enhanced 34 susceptibility to POA. These results indicate that FadD2 is associated with intrinsic PZA 35 and POA resistance, and provide proof-of-concept for target-based potentiation of PZA 36 activity in M. tuberculosis. 37 38 on N ovem er 8, 2016 by U N IV O F O T A G O httpaac.asm .rg/ D ow nladed fom Introduction 39 The first-line tuberculosis (TB) drug pyrazinamide (PZA) was discovered over 40 sixty years ago and remains an integral component of chemotherapeutic regimens for TB 41 patients. PZA is extremely effective at sterilizing M. tuberculosis in vivo, as evidenced by 42 its ability to reduce the overall treatment duration for active TB infections from nine 43 months to six months when used during the first two months of short-course combination 44 therapy with isoniazid and rifampin (1). Despite the efficacy and continued clinical usage 45 of PZA, its precise mechanism of action remains unclear. It is known that PZA is a pro46 drug that must be converted to pyrazinoic acid (POA), the presumed active form, by the 47 M. tuberculosis-encoded amidase PncA (2, 3). Consequently, the vast majority of PZA48 resistant clinical isolates harbor loss-of-function mutations in pncA, which is nonessential 49 for pathogenesis of M. tuberculosis (4, 5). 50 Elucidation of the mechanism of action for PZA has been hindered, in part, by the 51 peculiar properties of the action of this drug in vitro. Despite exhibiting excellent 52 bactericidal activity in vivo, PZA is ineffective against M. tuberculosis under standard in 53 vitro growth conditions. While the basis for this disparity remains unclear, PZA 54 susceptibility of M. tuberculosis can be enhanced by stresses that are known to be 55 encountered during infection, such as low pH (6), nutrient limitation (7, 8) and exposure 56 to hypoxia (9). Based on these and other findings, a number of models have been 57 proposed to explain the anti-mycobacterial action of PZA and POA, including direct 58 inhibition of fatty acid synthase I (10), disruption of membrane potential and cytoplasmic 59 pH homeostasis via a protonophore activity (11), inhibition of trans-translation (12), and 60 inhibition of the aspartate decarboxylase PanD involved in pantothenate and co-enzyme 61 on N ovem er 8, 2016 by U N IV O F O T A G O httpaac.asm .rg/ D ow nladed fom A (CoA) biosynthesis (13). While the bases for these models provide clues toward 62 understanding PZA and POA susceptibility, fundamental aspects of these models have 63 been challenged by recent reports (7, 14-19). Consistent with a role for PanD in PZA 64 action, it has recently been demonstrated that exogenously supplied intermediates of the 65 CoA biosynthetic pathway can antagonize PZA activity, point mutations in panD are 66 associated with in vitro PZA resistance, and PZA treatment leads to depletion of 67 intrabacterial levels of pantothenate and CoA (13, 15, 20). However, it is important to 68 note that a strain deleted for panD was found to retain susceptibility to PZA when grown 69 with a low concentration of pantetheine (11). Thus, while CoA metabolism is intimately 70 associated with PZA action, PanD is not the principal target for POA (11). 71 Based on the observation that the other first-line TB drugs isoniazid, rifampin and 72 ethambutol are 50 to 4000-fold more potent than PZA for mediating in vitro growth 73 inhibition of M. tuberculosis (21), it is likely that the bacilli have some degree of intrinsic 74 resistance to PZA that limits the full potential of this drug. The high concentrations of 75 PZA required for treatment efficacy can be problematic, as maintenance of such 76 concentrations in serum and tissues cannot be achieved in many patients (22) and can 77 lead to hepatotoxicity in others (23). Therefore, the identification, characterization, and 78 eventual drug-mediated inhibition of intrinsic PZA resistance mechanisms in M. 79 tuberculosis has the potential to substantially enhance PZA efficacy, reducing clinical 80 doses, side effect severity, and duration of chemotherapy. In this study, we screened for 81 genes linked to intrinsic PZA resistance of the M. tuberculosis complex (MTBC) by 82 screening for mutants exhibiting hyper-susceptibility to the active form of the drug, POA. 83 We report that loss-of-function of the long-chain fatty acyl-CoA ligase FadD2 84 on N ovem er 8, 2016 by U N IV O F O T A G O httpaac.asm .rg/ D ow nladed fom substantially enhances PZA and POA susceptibility in vitro. These findings suggest that 85 target-based inhibition of functions related to fatty acid metabolism have the potential to 86 dramatically improve the anti-tubercular activity of PZA. 87


the force of skeletal muscle contraction is controlled by the amount of Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) via the ryanodine receptor (RyR1). The RyR1 is activated during excitation-contraction coupling (ECC) by plasmalemmal voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel activation, via a mechanical


This study examines the effect of mood on emotion recognition and the relationship of mood, emotion recognition and information processing styles. This study hypothesized that a positive mood promotes a global processing style, associated with more efficient emotion recognition. In this study, subjects' eye movements were analyzed to measure global versus local processing styles. The results suggest that people in a positive mood recognize happiness expression more slowly than those in a neutral mood. Participants' processing styles were not related to emotion recognition speed. The findings clarify mechanisms of efficient emotion recognition.


Any operation aimed at optimising gas chemistry to control deposition and oxidation of carbon in nuclear and other industrial plant is to be welcomed – not only because of the contributions it will make to the industrial process itself but also because of the resultant conservation of fossil fuels and increased efficiency of hydrocarbon usage. The British Nuclear Energy Society, with the support of the Society of Chemical Industry and the Carbon and Graphite Groups of the Chemical Society and The Institute of Physics, recently sponsored a meeting on gas chemistry in nuclear reactors and large industrial plant.


The Enlargement of Concrete Br idges Currently, the largest span of domestic large concrete bridges, whether a girder bridge or a cable-stayed bridge, stalled at around the latter half of the 200m range and the breaking of the record of length has hit a plateau in recent times. Arch bridges are in a similar situation and currently the longest domestic arch bridge is the Second Tomei Expressway's Fujikawa Bridge with a central span of 265m. The lengthening of concrete bridges which carry large dead load require a wide variety of advanced technology such as data analysis, material technology, and construction technology. What kind of new bridge technology is currently needed to increase the span length? There are only 4 concrete arch bridges with spans over 200m in length constructed in Japan (6 if you include bridges currently under construction), but with the boom in cable-stayed bridges over and girder bridges leveling off, currently, a silent boom in arch bridges has arrived. It is said that arch bridges take twice the work of regular bridges due to the difficulty of construction and curve profile of the formwork but the superior structural beauty after completion enhances the surrounding environment and becomes a multifaceted symbol of the region. According to the report by the Large-span Concrete Arch Bridge Design Method Research Sub-committee, JSCE Structural Engineering Committee, concrete arch bridges as a complete structure can not only be 600m but provide a stable structure for even greater spans. The issue is how to implement the construction. Regarding this issue, the construction technology used in the recently visited Kashirajima Bridge gives us a hint. An arch bridge is being constructed on Seto Inland Sea's Kashirajima Island, located in Wake County of Okayama Prefecture. We visited the site upon hearing that a new measure is being implemented in the arch bridge's construction method to find out more.


On the late nineties, recurrent episodes of odor nuisance were produced on the Besos river basic with special incidence on the nearby city of Montecada i Reixac, particularly during the dry summer season. In order to gain more information about the phenomenon, an appropriate H2S emission survey program was designed, by means of two monitorization stations, one fixed and another mobile, equipped with continuous real-time analyzers. The H2S was analyzed by previous oxidation to SO2, followed by molecular fluorescence determination of this compound. During the 1994 summer period the measured levels of H2S concentration, meteorologic conditions and occurrence of odor episodes was evident.


The Zeeman spectra of atomic iodine in the presence of a magnetic field ranging from 0 to 400 G has been directly observed with a high-resolution 1.3-µm diode laser tuned across the I(2P1/2)→I(2P3/2) hyperfine transitions in a heated I2 cell. Experimental results for both σ(ΔMF=0) and π(ΔMF=±1) transitions are presented and compared with a theoretical model with good agreement. A Gaussian fit to zero-field spectral lines gives a measure of gas temperature and peak absorption in agreement with calculated values based on experimental conditions.


The approaches to interactive modeling and designing of technological objects, which include structure-parametric syntheses methods for automatic mathematical models creating, are analyzed. Functioning of the information system of modeling and designing of chemical-technological processes for computer aided design of principle technological schemes is considered.


Five new complexes were obtained from the reaction of Re3(CO)12(μ-H)3 with PBut3. These are Re2(CO)8(μ-PBut2)(μ-H), 1, Re2(CO)7(μ-PBut2)(PBut2H)(μ-H), 2, HRe(CO)4(PBut3), 3, Re2(CO)6(PBut3)(μ-PBut2)(μ-H), 4, and Re2(CO)5(PBut3)(PBut2H)(μ-PBut2O)(μ-H), 5. Compounds 4 and 5 are electronically unsaturated by the amount of two electrons; namely, one of the metal atoms has an 18-electron configuration and the other metal atom has a 16-electron configuration. Compound 4 adds CO and the nitriles MeCN and PhCN, reversibly, to form the electronically saturated 1:1 adducts Re2(CO)7(PBut3)(μ-PBut2)(μ-H), 6, Re2(CO)6(NCMe)(PBut3)(μ-PBut2)(μ-H), 7, and Re2(CO)6(NCPh)(PBut3)(μ-PBut2)(μ-H), 8, respectively. 13CO labeling studies have shown that the CO ligand that is added to 4 to form 6 is added at the electronically saturated metal atom and one of the originally coordinated CO ligands is shifted to the unsaturated metal atom. Compound 5 also adds 1 equiv of CO to form the complex Re2(CO)6(PBut3)(PBut2H)(μ-PBut2O)(μ-H),...


The effectiveness of solvents in extracting phytochemicals from leaves, peels and tubers of sweet potato was studied with a view of knowing the best solvent for extraction as well as establishing the availability of bioactive constituents in different parts of sweet potato. The peels, leaves and tubers of sweet potato were obtained, cut, air-dried, ground, sieved with 40 mm mesh and separately extracted using six different solvents (acetone, ethyl acetate, methanol, ethanol, water and chloroform) at ratio 1:10 for 72 h. The extracts obtained using six different solvents on peels, leaves and tubers of sweet potato were screened for phytochemicals. It was observed that all the three parts of sweet potato considered were rich in phytochemicals, although the peels and tubers contained relatively higher bioactive constituents than that available in the leaves. The extraction efficiency of the solvents in obtaining bioactive constituents from leaves, peels and tubers of sweet potato is highest in ethanol, followed by methanol, acetone and ethyl acetate while the least were in chloroform and water.


This article presents rule-based and statistical-based techniques for Arabic speech act recognition. The proposed techniques classify an utterance into Arabic speech act categories based on three criteria: surface features, cue words, and contextual information. A rule-based expert system has been developed in a bootstrapping manner based on the fact that Arabic language syntax is inherently rule-based. Various machine-learning algorithms have been used to detect Arabic speech act categories: Decision Tree, Naïve Bayes, Neural Network, and SVM. We compare the experimental results for both techniques (machine-learning and rule-based expert systems). Using a corpus of 1,500 sentences, the rule-based expert system achieved an accuracy rate of 98.92%, while the Decision Tree, Naïve Bayes, Neural Network, and SVM achieved an accuracy rate of 97.09%, 96.48%, 93.50%, and 93.70%, respectively.


An empirical study should be conducted in the light of a theoretical framework, and on the basis of data and findings of the study, generalizations should be attempted. Otherwise, micro-level studies of a non-comparative nature (like the present one) have no research value. The authors of the study under review have felt shy in generalizing or theory-building on the basis of their data. This study powerfully brings out the deviant behaviour of citizens, officials, architects and contractors. Tentative generalizations are possible and should have been made. Further, explanation of the 'deviant behaviour' has not been attempted. Is something wrong with our socialization or is it a legacy of national movement that Jaw-breaking is a virtue ? In a developing society, when minimum government transforms itself into a total government, the web of rules and regulations created by it is something new for the people who are used to minimum regulation by the government. The behaviour of the people was conditioned by minimum government and minimum regulations. When total government replaces the minimum government, the behaviour pattern of the people may remain unchanged. Hence, even if new rules are framed, they may not be observed by the common man. There can be a lag between people's attitudes towards governmental regulation and expansion in the rule-making activity of the present day governments i.n.developing societies. This 'lag' can be minimized by a network of communication system which should be developed by the modern states in developing countries.


Objective To observe the morphology by seeding human periodontal ligament cells onto three-dimensional porous nano-hydroxylapatite.Methods Human periodontal ligament cells were seeded onto three-dimensional porous nano-hydroxylapatite scaffolds,cultured for 15 days in vitro.Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe morphology of cells seeded on three-dimensional porous nano-hydroxylapatite scaffolds.Results The cells seeded on three-dimensional porous nano-hydroxylapatite scaffolds had sufficient adhesive behavior,proliferated well and produced many tiny calcium nodules and collagenous fibers.Conclusion The study demonstrats that three-dimensional porous nano-hydroxylapatite scaffolds may be considered as a suitable scaffold in periodontal tissue engineering.


After our glimpse into the sustainable future in Chapter 7, we now return to the present and consider the movement's current situation in its entirety. The numerous positive developments up to this point notwithstanding, sustainable business is still in its infancy. In order to reach full maturity, this movement must navigate some rough waters that hold a collection of rip tides, sneeker waves, and whirlpools. Much of this chapter is devoted to identifying and discussing these obstacles to the sustainable business movement and suggesting some appropriate solutions. It is important that we recognize and acknowledge these barriers to progress; only then can we become part of the solution. Ironically, we have brought on many of these threats ourselves, and potent solutions to them require that we understand, accept, and vigorously confront them.


Payal Malik and P. Vigneswara Ilavarasan, Trends in Public and Private Investments in ICT R&D in India,  European Commission, Joint Research Centre Institute for Prospective Technological Studies, Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2011 Executive Summary "The Indian Information Communication Technology (ICT) industry is contributing to the national economy in many ways and almost all states in India are targeting the sector as a vehicle for economic development. NASSCOM's...


Abstract BACKGROUND: Despite advances in our understanding of the biology of diffuse midline gliomas (DMGs), little progress has been made in improving outcomes. Therapy development is limited by lack of preclinical data across multiple model systems and laboratories; limited knowledge about blood-brain barrier penetrance; and lack of multi-agent therapies. We aim to address these issues through DMG-ACT, where we translate robust preclinical data using ONC201 as the therapy backbone in a multi-arm, combination strategy within an innovative trial design. DESIGN: DMG-ACT is an open-label, multi-institutional trial of combination therapy for patients with DMG between 2 and 39 years of age. The trial utilizes a novel Bayesian drug combination platform design with adaptive shrinkage (ComPAS). ComPAS allows ongoing assessment of therapy efficacy with borrowing of data across different arms and the ability to eliminate ineffective drug combinations and add new promising combinations throughout the trial. ONC201 is the backbone therapy in each arm and given in combination with other agents that show additive or synergistic benefit in preclinical testing. Patients enter into one of three cohorts: newly diagnosed (Cohort 1), post-radiation (Cohort 2), and relapsed/progressive (Cohort 3). The cohorts offer a target validation option to assess intratumoral pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drug given prior to tumor biopsy. Cohort 1 and 3 offer radiation or re-irradiation with concomitant single agent therapy followed by maintenance combination therapy. The primary efficacy endpoints are median progression-free survival at 6 months (Cohort 1 and 2) and overall survival at 7 months (Cohort 3). Exploratory endpoints include intratumoral drug concentration, toxicity profile of combination therapy during radiation therapy, toxicity profile and efficacy of combination therapy, CSF and ctDNA analysis, and health related quality of life, cognitive, and patient/proxy-reported outcome measures. This trial was successfully launched in November 2021 with updates to be presented at the meeting.


Solvents are widely used in wood conservation for either dissolving polymers for consolidation purposes or for removing dirt or foreign matter, which was applied during previous conservation. Solvents may cause temporary swelling of the wood, and when they evaporate wood returns back to its original size. They may form complexes with wood components when unlimited swelling arises as a consequence of breaking the adjacent bonds. These complexes have been shown to be stable for long periods of time at elevated temperatures or under high vacuum, while they are not stable with regard to moisture. Wood absorbs organic solvents, which are retained in the wood cells for short periods of time only in normal conditions. During the short presence of solvents inside the wood, wood components are slightly affected, and after evaporation of the solvent the chemical composition of wood may undergo some changes. Using FTIR, the molecular bonds in wood samples that were treated with three different organic solvents were closely studied.


TMS320DM642 is a newly digital media processor of Texas Instruments.The digital signal processor (DSP) is described and a multichannel real-time MPEG-4 video decoder system based on the DSP is realized. And the system level optimization strategies and code level optimization techniques are discussed. Experiment shows that great performance is reached by optimization techniques and strategies.


Rotor angle stability of meshed AC/DC system due to the decreased effective inertia with the high penetration of renewables has become a major challenge. An easy and feasible way to enhance the rotor stability of power system provided by Multi-terminal DC (MTDC) grid is to fast modulate the power reference of standard power sharing droop control of each converter based on the rotor speed deviations of the selected generators. However, this feedback based scheme does not consider the coordination of each converter, which cannot render an optimal solution for the stability issue of the system and cannot make full use of the connected converter capability. To overcome this, this paper proposes an optimal based control of MTDC grid for improving the rotor angle stability of power system. First, MTDC grid model is well established by the linearization of power flow equations of DC grid. Then AC/DC meshed system model with the power modulation control of DC grid is further established. Furthermore, the optimal based control of MTDC grid is deduced by the online minimization of the rotor angle deviations of generators and the control energy. Finally, the nonlinear numerical simulations of one simple three generators nine buses AC/DC meshed system have demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed optimal based scheme in three phase fault and sudden load changes in AC system.


Skornyakov V.A., Kondrashin M.A. THE PARTICULARITIES OF THE AUTOMATIC COLLECTION TO INFORMATION ON POTENTIALLY DANGEROUS COSMIC OBJECT. Work is dedicated to problem of the litterring circumterrestrial outer space technogenic «material» and natural object; the presented variant of the decision of the problem of the automatic collection to orbital information on «cosmic rubbish», algorithm of the determination object, potentially dangerous for cosmic device; they are considered particularities software a mathematical complex for automated collection to ballistic information and discovery potentially dangerous object.


Fourteen organizations within the Bay Area have formed a testbed to develop and deploy the computer multimedia network infrastructure needed to support a diverse set of distributed applications in a large scale, metropolitan ATM network environment. The featured application for the Testbed is a generalized teleseminar capability, creating an information highway within the Bay Area that will serve as a model for the national " information superhighway " envisioned by President Clinton and Vice President Gore. The goal of the teleseminar application is to provide at the desk-top the same richness of group interaction found in a spirited debate among scientists, educators, politicians, etc. Other applications being explored in the testbed are large scale distributed storage systems and on-line multimedia libraries, collaborative work environments, remote instrumentation, architectures for regional health care information systems, and distributed manufacturing systems. A panel made up of representatives from the government laboratories , research universities, research institutes, and computer companies that comprise the testbed will discuss the current status, issues, and progress toward these large-scale multimedia applications.


A novel preparation technology of Al–Ti–B–C inoculant with uniform microstructure is prepared using B4C powder instead of graphite in Al–Ti melt reaction method in this study. It is found that the addition of B4C powder improves the wettability between carbon element and liquid aluminum and reduce the tendency to the gravity segregation simultaneously. The result shows that Al–Ti–B–C inoculant using B4C powder presents excellent grain refinement performance than the conventional approach. After T6 heat treatment, the ultimate tensile strength, the yield strength and elongation of A356 alloy are increased to 292 ± 6 MPa, 238 ± 7 MPa and 8.2% ± 0.5% from 260 ± 7 MPa, 218 ± 5 MPa and 4.9% ± 0.6% by addition of Al–Ti–B–C inoculant with a very small ratio of 0.3% in weight. The increase of strength in Al–Ti–B–C refined alloy is attributed to the grain refinement of primary α-Al, while the increase of ductility results from the submicron particles in Al–Ti–B–C inoculant adsorb impurity atoms as well as decreased grain size.


Some years ago studies begun in this laboratory implicated the kidney in the homeostasis of arterial pressure.', I t was found that when venous cuffs were inflated on the limbs so as to pool a sizable volume of blood out of the active circulation the kidneys promptly reduced their output of water to as little as 10 per cent, and of sodium to as little as 40 per cent, of control levels. These responses occurred in normotensive, hypertensive, and splanchnicectomized subjects. Exactly similar antidiuretic changes were found to occur in response to the administration of hypotensive drugs?, It was postulated that such antidiuretic responses might represent one "protective" mechanism operating to offset the effect of, or to produce resistance to, drugs or other procedures tending to lower arterial pressure. On the basis of this hypothesis and the related observation that strong diuresis of a hypertensive patient with congestive heart failure might be followed by a marked fall in blood pressure, we initiated a long-term study on the value of diuretics in the treatment of hypertension. In recent years an attempt has been made in this laboratory to examine the effects of every available diuretic, including chlorothiazide, in hypertensive patients. The first patients given chlorothiazide were either in congestive heart failure or seriously ill with hypertension that had not responded satisfactorily to medical or surgical treatment. FIGURE 1, which was published recently,b shows one of these early cases in whom previously neither ganglionic blocking agents (because of side effects) nor splanchnicectomy (because of failure to lower blood pressure) had been satifsactory. Relatively small doses of chlorothiazide after splanchnicectomy were effective in restoring blood pressure to normal along with a marked improvement in symptoms. FIGURE 2 shows one of the two other illustrations published a t the same time;6 both of these unfortunately contained an error in the time label where, for clarity of illustration, the scale had been broadened. It now shows the time scale correctly labeled in weeks instead of months at the end and demonstrates the fact that the hypotensive effect of chlorothiazide was potent not only in combination with other drugs, but also alone. This observation has been confirmed by ourselves6 and others7 in a number of patients. The past several months have seen a rapid expansion of interest in and information on chlorothiazide. I t is now possible to draw on observations in more than 100 patients whom we observed and an approximately equal number followed by other physicians in this hospital, particularly on R. H. Smithwick's service. This expanded experience furnishes a second, and in some ways a sobering, look a t this most interesting antihypertensive drug. Turning from a mere affirmation of the drug's hypotensive power to an examination of its mode of action, it has been reported6, that chlorothiazide


The carbon-14 generated in Zircaloy (Zry) hull waste is considered an important radionuclide in the TRU waste geological disposal concept in Japan. Given that the metal Zry is highly corrosion-resistant in the anaerobic and low-temperature conditions of the repository, and that the C-14 release rate is assumed to be controlled by the corrosion rate, a variety of corrosion and leaching tests have been performed. However, since the Zry corrosion rate is extremely slow, it is not possible to predict long-term corrosion behavior through low-temperature corrosion tests conducted in a reasonable time period. A vast amount of testing has been conducted in the higher-temperature range of 523 to 633 K, and corrosion correlations have been obtained from these tests. Corrosion correlations have been used to predict the corrosion rate of Zry in a tuff repository. Long-term Zry autoclave corrosion data have been analyzed to develop new corrosion correlations. Extrapolating these correlations to a lower temperature range requires verification that the mechanisms do not change over the range of testing and extrapolation. Factors that influence corrosion rates under geological disposal conditions, such as material and environmental factors, should also be examined. Corrosion correlations, factors influencing corrosion rates, the results of corrosion and leaching tests, and a preliminary evaluation are discussed.


The sintering process is a strong nonlinear system with complexity and multi-parameters. An intelligent integrated optimization algorithm based on comprehensive production Indices is presented to solve the optimization control problem of comprehensive production Indices. First, the neural network prediction model for the comprehensive production indices is proposed, which is synthesizing a lot of techniques, including correlation analysis, principal components analysis, and neural network and so on. And the target function was deduced using the multi-objective satisfactory optimization technology. At last, this paper incorporates chaos algorithm into the particle swarm optimization algorithm, and proposes a multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm based on chaos searching to calculate the optimization parameters, and the optimization guidance is introduced. The results of actual runs show that the proposed intelligent integrated algorithm provides a efficient and applied way to resolve the problem of optimization control for the complex strong correlation coupling, time-varying delay industrial process, and provides an effective and new idea to implement the global optimization control for process industry.


Until the 1950s, engineers and scientists studied the phenomena of fluid dynamics through analytical or experimental methods, but because of the complexity of the Navier-Stokes equations, which shape these problems, or because of the high laboratory cost involved in certain experiments, usually a specific problem could not be evaluated correctly. With the advancement of computational technologies, it was possible to use numerical methods to solve problems of fluid flow, allowing the detailed analysis of these phenomena with great precision and in short periods. Thus, this work aims to develop a numerical code in the FORTRAN 90 language, capable of solving the Navier-Stokes equations for transient, incompressible, twodimensional and low Reynolds numbers fluid flow problems. For the discretization of the governing equations, the finite volume method was used, with a structured mesh and staggered grid. The pressure-velocity coupling problem and the non-linearity of the governing equations were treated using the SIMPLE algorithm. Three studies were carried out to test the code created, comparing the results obtained in the present work, and the ones from the literature, the accuracy of the algorithm and the numerical method used. Key-words: Finite volume method, Computational fluid dynamics, Navier-Stokes, FORTRAN.


Red cells labeled with radioactive phosphorus have been used by us to measure the extent and the rate of the replacement of blood in exchange transfusions. The experimental results confirmed the theoretic formulations developed in the preceding paper. On the basis of the above data, it seems reasonable to introduce these curves and formulae whenever exchange transfusions are to be performed.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We are indebted to Miss G. Ohno and Miss S. Rezek for technical assistance rendered during this study.


INTRODUCTION
Conjoined twins occur in approximately 0.2:10,000 births; the obstetrician and sonographer only rarely examine them. In Western countries, discovery of conjoined twins is often made by the end of the first trimester; however, in the third world, conjoined twins are often discovered only at birth.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate how ultrasound techniques, when possibly available, may improve management and counseling when conjoined twins are confirmed.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
The authors report two different cases of union of two equal twins with sole umbilical cord.

RESULTS
The two cases presented with non contributive medical history and no prior teratogen exposure and an unfavorable prognosis. Early discovery of viable conjoined twins permits assessment of the best route of delivery and a planning for serial sonography and fast MRI to plan eventual separation surgery or fetus after-birth surviving possibilities.


: The main goal of this research is to investigate voltage boosting using an efficient DC-DC boost converter and different advanced controllers. The study focuses on optimizing the DC-DC boost converter's key parameters to raise solar panel output voltage to a desired level. Various controllers, including Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID), Sliding Mode, Artificial Neural Network (ANN), and fuzzy logic controllers, are employed. These controllers are rigorously evaluated through simulations in MATLAB/SIMULINK under both static and dynamic load conditions. The research examines controller responses across different load settings to reveal their strengths and weaknesses. This investigation contributes valuable knowledge about these controllers' effectiveness and adaptability for voltage boosting. The research outcomes could significantly enhance renewable energy systems, advancing efficient and sustainable power generation techniques.


The effectiveness of digital treatments can be measured by requiring patients to self-report their state through applications, however, it can be overwhelming and causes disengagement. We conduct a study to explore the impact of gamification on self-reporting. Our approach involves the creation of a system to assess cognitive load (CL) through the analysis of photoplethysmography (PPG) signals. The data from 11 participants is utilized to train a machine learning model to detect CL. Subsequently, we create two versions of surveys: a gamified and a traditional one. We estimate the CL experienced by other participants (13) while completing surveys. We find that CL detector performance can be enhanced via pre-training on stress detection tasks. For 10 out of 13 participants, a personalized CL detector can achieve an F1 score above 0.7. We find no difference between the gamified and non-gamified surveys in terms of CL but participants prefer the gamified version.


A new technique that was different from the present technique for secede-nitrogen was put forward. The brittleness of part after nitriding was remedied using characteristic of vacuum furnace. The feasibility of the technique was theoretically verified. At the same time,the results were proved by practice.


Introduction Organometallic chemistry is one of the most important areas in chemistry, owing largely to research involving the development and synthesis of new organometallic catalysts. Such catalysts have revolutionized the production of plastics,[1,2] synthesis of pharmaceuticals,[3] and production of synthetic fuels,[4] just to mention a few of the most common applications. Subsequently, laboratory experiments detailing the synthesis and mechanistic understanding of organometallic complexes is very important in inorganic undergraduate labs. In this application note, we detail how the 1H/31P NMReady-60PRO can make such a laboratory experience interesting, illustrative and appealing to undergrad students.


OBJECTIVE: To study the antimicrobial effect of 11 kinds of oral Chinese patent medicines and to establish microbial limit test method for them. METHODS: Common method and culture medium dilution method and sticked filter membrane method were used to do the recovery test in order to validate the scientificity and feasibility of established method. RESULTS: Danqi piantan capsule showed strong inhibition effect on Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis. Xinshuning tablet, Fuzheng mixture, Shenkangning mixture, Qingshen xiaodu oral liquid had antimicrobial effect on Staphylococcus aureus to some extent. Banlangen granule had antimicrobial effect on Bacillus subtilis. The effect can be eliminated by culture medium dilution method. CONCLUSION: The common method can be used for the microbial limit test of Jiaoou capsule, Zhike ningsou capsule, Rongdanshi granule, Sanjie mingmu capsule, Jiangzhi ruanmai tablet. Dilution method can be used for the microbial limit test of Xinshuning tablet, Fuzheng mixture, Shenkangning mixture, Qingshen xiaodu oral liquid, Banlangen granule, Danqi piantan capsule. The common method is suitable for all kinds of specified microorganisms.


Sandra Lee (later Lee-Vercoe), with her granddaughter Omiha Pearl, greets her elders on Waiheke Island in 2002. She was announcing her retirement from politcs. She had been elected to the Waiheke County Council in 1983 and became its chairperson in 1989. She entered Parliament in 1993 as MP for ...


Purpose – Public sector policymakers have been preoccupied with quality, performance and impact initiatives, which constrain and define the strategic and operational objectives of public sector bodies. This theoretical article aims to review the quality, performance management and impact assessment regimes that currently impact on public and academic libraries in the UK, and to explore the challenges for managers in finding their path through this quality maze. Much of the literature focuses on individual initiatives, with little reference to the wider quality management context. Also seeks to urge consideration of the cumulative impact of such initiatives, with their different notions of quality, on public sector organisations and their quality management processes.Design/methodology/approach – The article is an opinion piece that offers some conceptual frameworks, based on an analysis of literature, practice and web sites gathered over many years' investigation and observation. The tension between exter...


We present a recent development of the MUFITS reservoir simulator aiming at modelling the transport of fluids whose properties and phase equilibria are calculated in a user-supplied external shared library. Both the explicit correlations and tabulated data for the fluid parameters can be implemented in the library that we name the EoS-module (Equation of State-module). An iterative approach—which, for example, is based on the phase equilibria calculation through the Gibbs energy minimisation (GEM) method, can also be used in the EoS-module. A considerable effort has been undertaken to minimise the number of program procedures exported by the shared library. This should facilitate and ease the usage of the developed software extension by the scientific community. Furthermore, we supplement the article with the source code of two simple EoS-modules that can serve as templates in other modelling and software development efforts. The EoS-modules are also useful for coupling MUFITS with other elaborate software for fluid property prediction. To demonstrate such a possibility, we supplement the article with the source code of a more complicated EoS-module that couples MUFITS with the geochemical code GEMS3K. This module is used in a simple 1-D benchmark study showing the capabilities of MUFITS for modelling reactive transport in porous media.


To investigate the biological activity of a novel 24-membered macrolide compound, JBIR-19, isolated from the culture broth of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium sp. fE61, morphological changes in yeast cells were examined using the automated image-processing program CalMorph. Principal components analysis was used to elucidate dynamic changes in the phenotypes, revealing two independent effects of JBIR-19 in yeast cells: bud elongation and increased size of the actin region. Using a fitness assay, we identified the genes required for robust growth in the presence of JBIR-19. Among these were CCW12, YLR111W, and DHH1, which are also involved in abnormal bud morphology. Based on these results and others, we predict intracellular targets of JBIR-19 and its functional interactions.


Abstract Computer-related attributions are cognitions related to the causes and effects of user interactions – or, in other words, subjective explanations of users of why specific system reactions occur. Prior research has revealed different attribution styles, which influence how users interact with computers and how they perceive situations of failure and success. In this paper, we report on a study investigating how computer-related attributions influence users' perceptions and evaluations of interactive systems. To that end, we conducted usability tests with N=74$\mathrm{N}=74$ users and measured both system evaluations and attributions. Results show correlations between attributions and usability as well as user experience measures, indicating that users' attributions do influence their evaluations of the test systems. Furthermore, gender differences were revealed. Practical and research implications are described.