Citation Huston WM, Gloeckl S, de Boer L, Beagley KW, Timms P. Apoptosis is induced in Chlamydia trachomatis‐infected HEp‐2 cells by the addition of a combination innate immune activation compounds and the inhibitor wedelolactone. Am J Reprod Immunol 2011; 65: 460–465


Jordan is a small country in the Middle East, which has an area of 90 thousand sq.km and a population of about 4.8 million. In 1997, road accidents in Jordan have resulted in 577 deaths and 16,257 injuries as well as economic losses of about $165 million (US dollars). This paper presents the characteristics and cost of pedestrian accident fatalities. Data on the characteristics were acquired from the police records and other related sources. In this study, a frame was suggested to estimate pedestrian accident fatalities cost. For this purpose, data were obtained from different sources including police, insurance companies, hospitals, and citizen response through questionnaire. Results of the analysis indicated that pedestrian accidents constitute about 15 percent of the total road accidents, but they accounted for 44 percent of the total road accident fatalities. Failure to yield to pedestrian, inattention, and speeding were the major causes of driver errors. In 1997, all involved drivers in pedestrian fatality accidents were male. Analysis of the distribution of pedestrian fatalities by age showed that children under 15 years old make up 53% of the total pedestrian fatalities. Also, analysis revealed that most of these accidents occurred in urban areas with the speed limit of 40-60 km.hr. Finally, analysis made in this study indicated that pedestrian accident fatalities in 1998 cost the country about $16 million.


Provided is a method of distinguishing an abnormal e-mail and determining whether an e-mail is affected with a virus. The method includes the steps of: decoding a received e-mail packet in a readable format and then analyzing and classifying a header of the packet according to header information; determining whether each classified piece of header information is normal or abnormal, and giving a specific value to the corresponding header information according to the determination result; distinguishing an abnormal e-mail using the specific values given to the respective pieces of header information according to a logical inference rule; and when there is an executable attachment file among the header information of the e-mail distinguished as abnormal, determining whether the abnormal e-mail is infected with a virus using distribution of similarity among data. The method effectively distinguishes an abnormal e-mail and determines whether an e-mail is infected with a virus without a database for spam filtering or a database of virus information, and thus is capable of stopping the propagation of new viruses. Therefore, an e-mail server can have a security technique and handle abnormal e-mail in a step before operation of a spam filter server or an antivirus server. Consequently, it is possible to manage a mail server more securely.


The paper reviews that the dry-lot feeding and rotation pasture techniques of the standardization artificial pasture in ISPI has the better popularization value for developing ecosystem animal husbandry in Guizhou mountainous areas and their technological essentials.


Variable coefficients and complex relations generally characterize the differential equations governing non-prismatic beam behaviour. This leads to employ either complex and expensive analysis or simplified (and often inaccurate) approaches. This work aims at illustrating a 2D model for the study of beams with variable cross-section, model which is accurate but, at the same time, practical enough to be used in engineering applications. Based on the Hellinger-Reissner functional and a dimensional reduction approach, the developed theory exploits the familiar Timoshenko-kinematic, while the variables assumed for the stress definition are directly correlated to the general forces. Thus, once the stresses are calculated, the Finite Element (FE) stiffness matrix is easily recovered. The efficiency of the model is tested through some examples and resulting stiffness coefficients are compared to those obtained with an accurate 2D analysis. Final considerations and results confirm the efficiency of the method.


The pitch of a harmonic complex tone corresponds to its fundamental frequency (f0). Interestingly, this sensation does not depend on the physical presence of f0. The phenomenon, commonly referred to as virtual pitch [1], has often been compared to the perception of visual illusory contours. It is contrasted by the perception of spectral pitches, elicited by a tone's physically present harmonics. While, in principle, each human subject and even higher vertebrates [2,3,4] are able to perceive missing fundamentals, the predominance of one type of pitch perception over the other (spectral vs. virtual) has been shown to depend on the spectral content of the stimulus as well as on the subject's musical experience [5]. Experiments using ambiguous two-tone sequences revealed that "spectral listeners" can be trained to switch to the virtual mode of pitch perception. In contrast, for "virtual listeners", a reversed training was without success [6]. This finding indicates a hierarchical organization of the two processes, the spectral mode being the basis for higher level virtual pitch formation. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the role of the auditory cortex for both modes of pitch perception. In the present experiment, auditory evoked fields (AEFs) in the low frequency range (0-20Hz, slowAEF, N1m component with latency of about 100ms after stimulus onset) and in the gamma frequency range (24-48Hz [8], with its maximum at latencies of about 30-80ms, c.f. figure 4) elicited by a sequence of complex tones with their fundamental frequencies missing were investigated. N1m and the gamma band responses were recorded from the left and the right hemisphere of the test subjects, when they: a) perceived the "foreground" spectral melody and b) when they recognized the "hidden" virtual melody after successful training 2 Methods


The main objective of this paper is to design and implement minimum multiplier, low latency structures of a comb filter. Multipliers are the most area and power consuming elements; therefore, it is desirable to realize a filter with minimum number of multipliers. In this paper, design of comb filters based on lattice wave digital filters (LWDF) structure is proposed to minimize the number of multipliers. The fundamental processing unit employed in LWDF requires only one multiplier. These lattice wave digital comb filters (LWDCFs) are realized using Richards' and transformed first‐order and second‐order all‐pass sections. The resulting structural realizations of LWDCFs exhibit properties such as low coefficient sensitivity, high dynamic range, high overflow level, and low round‐off noise. Multiplier coefficients of the proposed structures are implemented with canonic signed digit code (CSDC) technique using shift and add operations leading to multiplierless implementation. This contributes in reduction of number of addition levels which reduces the latency of the critical loop. A field programmable gate array (FPGA) platform is used for evaluation and testing of the proposed LWDCFs to acquire advantages of the parallelism, low cost, and low power consumption. The implementation of the proposed LWDCFs is accomplished on Xilinx Spartan‐6 and Virtex‐6 FPGA devices. By means of examples, it is shown that the implementations of the proposed LWDCFs attain high maximum sampling frequency, reduced hardware, and low power dissipation compared with the existing comb filter structures. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The Age of Secular Interests: 1. William and Mary (1689-94), William (1689-1702) 2. Scotland on the eve of the Union 3. Anne (1702-14) 4. George I (1714-27), George II (1727-60), the rising of 1715 5. The Argathelians and the Squadrone (1719-45) 6. Religion-social progress (1714-45) 7. The Jacobite rising of 1745 8. George II (1727-60), George III (1760-1820) 9. George III (1760-1820) 10. The victory of reform (1806-32) 11. 'The disruption' (1833-43) 12. Scotland during the last half century Bibliography Index.


This study proposed a system that MV-HEVC design using High-Level Synthesis(HLS). There are several improvements in MV-HEVC Design. First of all, using HLS tool enables designers to quickly verify feasibility of different hardware-software boundaries. The system uses more than Mb size memory even in very small environment such as MV-HEVC. Instead of using memory inside the chip, it uses external memory, especially memory such as DDR1, which can operate at low speeds. IO is not specially designed for memory use, but to allow memory access using GPIO. Low power delay is implemented to control skew between data and memory control that can operate at low speed. The implementation of the algorithm made the chip through the Samsung 65nm foundry process. In conclusion, we designed hardware of MV-HEVC for real-time coding of multi-view video and improves and optimizes the coding speed through integrated design of SW / HW using SoC.  And also we designed a system that can use more than Mb of memory at low speeds, such as MV-HEVC environments.


Based on the abrasion-resistant retrofit for the 135 MW CFB boiler,the abrasion mechanism of the furnace heat-absorbing surfaces in CFB boilers is analyzed.To solve the problem that the high-speed particles in the furnace tend to create eddy current when meeting with protuberances and cause abrasion consequently,countermeasures such as spraying abrasion-resistant coating,optimizing water wall structure,ensuring heat-absorbing surfaces smooth are proposed.Practice shows that these measures are effective.


In order to achieve high speed on electrical interconnects, channel attenuation at high frequencies must be dealt with by proper transceiver design. In this paper we investigate finite-complexity MMSE pre-equalization under an average transmit power constraint, to compensate for channel distortion in the case of both full-response and precoded partial response signaling with L-PAM mapping, and consider the resulting error performance for symbol-by-symbol detection and sequence detection. For a representative electrical interconnect, we point out that the constellation size (2-PAM or 4-PAM), the type of signaling (full response or partial response), the detection method (symbol-by-symbol detection or sequence detection) and the number of pre-equalizer taps should be carefully selected in order to achieve satisfactory error performance at high data rates. For several scenarios, precoded duobinary 4-PAM is found to yield the best error performance for given average transmit power.


PURPOSE: A fuse structure of a semiconductor device is provided to fabricate a reliable dynamic random access memory(DRAM) device of 0.13 micrometer class by solving a reliability problem rising from a fuse structure composed of TiN and polysilicon. CONSTITUTION: A lower fuse layer(3) is composed of a high melting point nitride metal layer for forming a lower electrode of capacitor. An upper fuse layer(4) is composed of polysilicon for forming a lower electrode of capacitor. The fuse structure is a dual structure composed of the lower fuse layer and the upper fuse layer. A fuse part corresponding to a fuse repair region(10) is a single layer composed of the upper fuse layer made of polysilicon while the lower fuse layer is excluded.


In this article the author explores the uses and misuses of the Bible in confronting African American men about violence. Following narrative and hermeneutical methods, he exposes tendencies to violence in the Bible, and suggests alternative approaches to reading the Bible within the African American churches.


This paper presents a simple, one-dimensional model of a randomly advected passive scalar. The model exhibits anomalous inertial range scaling for the structure functions constructed from scalar differences. The model provides a simple computational test for recent ideas regarding closure and scaling for randomly advected passive scalars. Results suggest that high order structure function scaling depends on the largest velocity eddy size, and hence scaling exponents may be geometry dependent and nonuniversal.


lifted from the nursery. All fall planting was done on September 23, 1980. Container stock was planted using a Potti-putki planting tube. The bareroot stock was planted using a standard planting bar. Measurements taken of sample seedlings at time of planting indicated that the quality of all stock was within acceptable standards except the high shoot to root ratio of fall-planted 3-0 stock (table 1). A randomized block design was used with four replications of each treatment combination (stock x season). Each treatment combination had 50 trees per replication for a total of 1600 trees in the entire study. Evidence of browse damage by snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus Erxleben) was noted in October 1980. To reduce further browse damage, mesh plastic netting was placed around each seedling. Primary vegetative competition on the site was quaking aspen and balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera L.), various willow species (Salix spp.), grasses, and sedge. The trees were chemically released in August 1982. Survival and height measurements are summarized in table 1. Height growth was calculated as the average per growing season.


The Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program (HSC-SSP) is currently the deepest wide- field survey in progress. The 8.2 m aperture of Subaru telescope is very powerful in detect- ing faint/small moving objects, including near-Earth objects, asteroids, centaurs and Tran- Neptunian objects (TNOs). However, the cadence and dithering pattern of the HSC-SSP are not designed for detecting moving objects, making it difficult to do so systematically. In this paper, we introduce a new pipeline for detecting moving objects (specifically TNOs) in a non-dedicated survey. The HSC-SSP catalogs are re-arranged into the HEALPix architecture. Then, the stationary detections and false positive are removed with a machine learning al- gorithm to produce a list of moving object candidates. An orbit linking algorithm and visual inspections are executed to generate the final list of detected TNOs. The preliminary results of a search for TNOs using this new pipeline on data from the first HSC-SSP data release (Mar 2014 to Nov 2015) are also presented.


The recent global pandemics are generating serious problems in the elderly population and those who suffer from previous ailments When a person is infected, he / she is usually isolated from the rest of persons in his / her room to avoid transmitting the virus In most cases, especially those who live in nursing homes, often remain in bed with difficulties in moving So, their monitoring and control of evolution is sometimes difficult To solve this problem, this paper presents a non-invasive wireless mobile system to monitor elderly people in nursing homes The system is composed by an electronic device with several sensors to monitor vital signs such temperature, cough, blood pressure, heart rate, oxygen saturation and, difficulty breathing of patients and an Android application to manage the medical data Additionally, the system uses a local server to store the data and provide it to the nurses and physicians Both the application and the process of collecting data have been tested together to check the correct generation of alerts and patients' labelling of degree of urgency


Network dummy laboratory of collegial physics is certain result for the development of network technology and modern education technology .In order to advanceing teaching level for experiments of collegial physics,it is cry for building network dummy laboratory of collegial physics,and it is doable now.


The kinetics of surface processes occurring on TiSi2 and CoSi2 thin films in the afterglow of a NF3 plasma are studied. Analysis of the silicide surfaces by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and ellipsometry shows that a metal fluoride film forms during NF3 treatment. The thickness of the metal fluoride film on top of CoSi2 at 280–373 K and TiSi2 at T 300 K, the influence of the TiF4 desorption becomes important. Both Co and Ti fluorides are completely removed in a H2SO4/H2O2 mixture. After this treatment the silicide surface contains only 3–4 nm of silicon dioxide. Based on insight obtained in the fluorination process, the equations describing both the kinetics of CoSi2 and TiSi2 etching and the change of selectivity of SiO2 etching towards the silicides are explained.


A new anaerobic digester system, which integrated a solar collector and a greenhouse to provide heating requirement for maintaining mesophilic or thermophilic digestion was built in our study. For purposes of this study, the digester is placed inside a greenhouse and a solar collector combined with a hot water storage tank is used to heat water flowing through a coiled heat exchanger that was placed inside the digester. To simulate the net specific energy produced, experimental data from a batch digestion of dewatered sludge from a wastewater treatment plant is used. The batch experiment was run for different loading rates of 40, 60, 80 and 100g/ l. The loading rate of 60g/l produced the highest biogas yield of 0.332m3/kg TS loaded and 0.403m3/kg VS loaded respectively, with average methane (CH4) content of 58.2 percent. These results were used to simulate the net thermal energy of a solar heated anaerobic digester and the results indicate that the integration of a solar collector and greenhouse reduces the heat losses. It is found that the lowest energy requirement to operate the digester occurs during the hot summer month of July and the highest occurs during the cool spring or autumn months of April and October. The temperature of the digester system could be maintained in the range of 25~35 ℃ during the spring and autumn days and 50-55 ℃ during the summer days, which are at the mesophilic and thermophilic temperature respectively.


There is a scientific consensus that human activities, in the form of emissions of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, cause global warming. These emissions mostly occur in the marketplace, i.e., they are undertaken by private individuals and firms. Governments seeking to curb emissions thus need to design policies that influence market behavior in the direction of their goals. Economists refer to Pigou taxation as "the" solution here, since the case of global warming can be seen as a pure (negative) externality. We agree. However, given the reluctance of policymakers to agree with us, there is an urgent need to consider, and compare, suboptimal policies. In this paper we look at one such instance: setting a global tax on carbon at the wrong level. How costly are different errors? Since there is much uncertainty about how much climate change there will be, and how damaging it is when it occurs, ex-post errors will most likely be made. We compare different kinds of errors qualitatively and quantitatively and find that policy errors based on over-pessimistic views on climate change are much less costly than those made based on over-optimism. This finding is an inherent feature of standard integrated assessment models, even though these models do not feature tipping points or strong linearities.


^ C Substituent-induced chemical shifts (SCS) at the ipso and α positions of monosubstituted benzenes or methanes can be expressed by a linear combination of three kinds of empirical parameters, σi, σπ, and ΔS°. ΔS° represents the difference of the entropy (due to the substituent) between the standard entropy S°of the substituted compound and that of the parent one. The following results were obtained. SCSipso=63.9·σi-3.9·σπ+0.6ΔS°+-0.4·ΔS°-+3.8 (r=0.927, SD=4.9 ppm, n=13) SCSα=162.1·σi-10.1·σπ+1.2·ΔS°+-0.3·ΔS°-+2.3 (r=0.976, SD=4.9ppm, n=13) where + and - subscripts of ΔS° indicate electron-donating and -attracting groups, respectively. This treatment is also applicable for elucidation of the 13C SCS of analogous positions of many substituted aromatics and heteroaromatics, including ortho-disubstituted benzenes, and provides a reasonable and explicit chemical basis for the origin of the 13C SCSipso and SCSα. The same treatment also provides an explicit chemical basis for Mulliken's electronegativity scale and the steric substituent constant, Es.


This note contains extensions of the Abelian ergodic theorems in [3] and [6] to functions which take their values in a Banach space. The results are based on an adaptation of Rota's maximal ergodic theorem for Abel limits [8]. Convergence theorems for continuous parameter semigroups are deduced by the approximation technique developed in [3], [6]. A direct application of the resolvent equation also enables us to deduce a convergence theorem for pseudo-resolvents.


To overcome the problems that there are unsafe loopholes,functional duplication in TCG authorization protocols,a new trusted computing authorization protocol is proposed in the paper,in which the session key is introduced in the new protocol generated by Diffie_Hellman algorithm to guarantee its confidentiality.The new protocol can provide the function of anti-replay attack and can be applied to multiple entities.It can also guarantee the communication integrity and confidentiality of data effectively.The security properties are analyzed and verified by BAN logic in the paper.


Cell-free protein synthesis offers a quick way of making proteins for characterisation by NMR spectroscopy. There happens a conversion from cDNA to NMR spectrum in just 24 hours.


With clear thinking of the management characteristics and the application of the audio-visual education equipment in the universities,this paper brings forward the construction of audio-visual education equipment management system to provide the whole procedure effective management of audio-visual teaching equipment with unique identification.It chooses two-dimension bar code technology as the carrier of audio-visual education equipment information and applies it to the audio-visual education equipment management system so as to informationize the school audio-visual education equipment management.


Abstract This study contributes to the understanding of the female members of Rhomphaea in the Mediterranean and Macaronesian biogeographic regions: R. longicaudata O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872, R. nasica (Simon, 1873), and R. rostrata (Simon, 1873). The unknown female of R. longicaudata O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872 is described. It was found that the female previously proposed associated with R. longicaudata was incorrectly matched. An identification key to the three members of the genus is presented. The epigynes of R. rostrata specimens vary amongst individuals but DNA barcode data from specimens with dissimilar epigynes could not support a hypothesis of a species complex.


In this paper we present the analysis of the ionosphere changes prior to the Japanese earthquake of November 28, 2004 (M7.0). For this purpose we used global TEC maps and measurements provided by GPS-IGS stations and Wakkanai ionosonde which is nearest to the epicenter. Several days prior to earthquake the characteristic anomaly was found out as the day-time significant increase of TEC at the vicinity of earthquake up to the value of 45–48% relative to the background condition.


The use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has expanded significantly over the last several years with regard to the diagnosis and management of musculoskeletal diseases. The availability of in-office MRI has allowed many rheumatologists to consider it for improved convenience, accessibility, and comfort for patients with musculoskeletal limitations. Office MRI is a ''low-field'' technique, so it is important to consider this in comparison to conventional ''high-field'' MRI.


In October 1997 a 400 MW power plant with ultra supercritical (USC) steam parameters started commercial operation on natural gas at Sk'rb'kv'rket near Kolding and in October 1998 a coal-fired twin will start commercial operation at Nordjyllandsv'rket near Aalborg. Steam generators for both plants have been designed to burn coal as well as natural gas and rated main steam pressure of both plants is 285 bar upstream the turbine and main steam and reheat temperatures are 580 C at rated conditions. New 9-10% Cr steel has been used for headers, piping and turbine and planned net efficiency is 47% for the coal-fired unit and 49% for the gas-fired unit. Topics from the design of the USC water/steam cycle and its oxygenating water chemistry, environmentally attractive district heating and a component cooling system based on heat recovery of waste heat from the process components are addressed. Experiences from the commissioning and early operation of the Sk'rb'k plant indicated some problems concerning the steam generator and turbine and in particular, the boiler combustion and the capacity of the very high pressure turbine caused many problems, which the manufacturers are still working to solve. Positive experiences have been achieved by speed controlled motormore » drives including feed pump drives. The commissioning of the plant at Nordjyllandsv'rket proceeds as planned. Finally, future viability of coal in power generation is addressed by a new joint European demonstration program started in January this year for an advanced coal-fired power plant operating at main and reheat steam temperatures in the range of 700 C and with a very high conversion efficiency from coal to wire. Another topic of this project will be to demonstrate economic competitiveness of the plant.« less


A variety of alkaloids have been isolated from the seeds of a range of Erythrina species, including dienoid, alkenoid and lactonic derivatives. The 13C NMR spectra of these compounds have been assigned by internal comparisons within this series of related compounds and also by the use of model compounds.


In this paper, automatic filtering for amplitude and phase reconstruction in off-axis digital holography is developed. A user-friendly interface for automatic filtering is given via program design with MATLAB. The hologram to be processed is input at the front end, and automatic spectrum filtering in Fourier spectrum domain of digital holograms is realized by using clustering algorithm at the back end. The amplitude and phase images are reconstructed from the intercepted spatial-frequency spectrum by using the reconstruction algorithm. This automatic filtering program has high robustness, which can achieve reconstruction imaging for off-axis holograms correctly and effectively in the case of different off-axis angles or different image sizes. For the user interface, upon inputting an off-axis digital hologram and confirming the operation, the reconstructed amplitude and phase images can be quickly output. This user interface has the advantages of simple operation, adjustable parameters and clear feedback. Since K-means clustering is used, this filtering algorithm increases the efficiency in processing experimental data and the reliability of reconstruction imaging. The digital hologram computer-generated is used to simulate filtering processing. The results show that the quality of reconstructed images by using the presented automatic filtering is not inferior to that by conventional manual filtering.


OBJECTIVE To determine a headspace capillary gas chromatography method for the determination of residual organic solvents(methanol,acetone,ethyl acetate) in Eszopiclone.METHODS The residual organic solvents were determined by GC with ZB-5 capillary column(30m×0.53mm×3μm),with FID detector,the injection port temperature was maintaining at 130℃ and that of the detector at 230℃.The initial column temperature was 40℃,maintaining it for 6min,then raising the temperature to 200℃ at a rate of 20℃·min-1 and maintaining it at 200℃ for 10min.The flow rate of N2 was 3 mL·min-1.The headspace injection was applied with the injection volume of l mL and the split ratio was set at 1∶5.DMSO was used as solvent media.RESULTS The calibration curves of methanol,acetone,ethyl acetate were linear in the concentration range of 14.91~303.12,25.14~500.40 and 25.20~503.24μg·mL-1,respectively.The LOQ of methanol,acetone,ethyl acetate were 1.52,0.71 and 1.26μg·mL-1.The average recoveries(n=9) of methanol,acetone,ethyl acetate were 100.8%(RSD=3.6%),99.5%(RSD=3.1%) and 98.5%(RSD=3.2%),respectively.CONCLUSION This method is economy and simple,the method proved to be sensitive and accurate.It is suitable for determination of organic solvents and in Eszopiclone.


Epidemiological studies have documented that a close linear relationship exists between blood pressure reduction and cardiovascular disease. Evidence has also been provided that blood pressure reduction by antihypertensive drugs confers cardiovascular protection and that a more aggressive blood pressure target may provide greater cardiovascular benefits. This paper will review the main nonpharmacological as well as pharmacological approaches used to lower elevated blood pressure and thus reduce cardiovascular risk. The main advantages and limitations of each approach will be discussed in the light of the recent recommendations issued by the European Society of Hypertension/European Society of Cardiology.


A Mg-IRMOF-74-III structure with azopyridine molecules attached to its unsaturated metal sites is proposed as a new photoresponsive metal–organic framework (MOF) for CO2 capture. Computational simu...


Facebook is the most prominent social media platforms offering various attractive and captivated features. It is common to observe its users become addicted and incessantly spend an excessive amount of their time on this site. Like other addictions, Facebook addiction also has negative consequences on daily lives of its users and it often affects their face-to-face communication. This study aims to investigate the influence of Facebook addiction towards self-disclosure as the key determiner in the interpersonal communication. It used a descriptive quantitative method using a cross-sectional survey of 122 university students selected by quota sampling technique. The data were analyzed with independent sample t-test using the SPSS version 22 software to examine the difference of selfdisclosure between high and low Facebook addicted groups. Findings reveal that the users with high level of Facebook addictions are more likely to have low self-disclosure than those with the low level of Facebook addictions. Keywords— self-disclosure; Facebook; addiction; social media; face-to-face communication


Continuous wave optically pumped mid-infrared lead-salt quantum-well vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with an eleven-period PbSe/PbSrSe quantum-well active region are demonstrated. The cw emissions are observed up to 230 K at the emission wavelengths around 4.03 μm. The lowest threshold pump density of 2.6 kW/cm2 appears at 190 K, 65 °C lower than that of the pulsed measurements. This indicates the temperature difference between the active region and the heat sink of the episide-up mounted on-wafer testing under cw pumping.


From a clinical perspective, the psychodynamics of stalking behavior vary with the motivation of the stalker. Meloy2 has highlighted that motivational emotions within the stalker such as shame, rage, envy and jealousy are often involved. One theory for many cases of stalking, especially those that stemmed following the break up of a romantic relationship, is that narcissistic fantasies seem to fuel and excuse the stalking behavior. Persons who feel rejected may choose stalking behavior as a way to remain linked to the person who rejected them. Among other motives and emotions involved in certain stalking behavior includes an intense, and at times delusionallybased, belief of romantic love between the stalker and victim.


Kestenberg, the Referent for music at the Ministry of Culture (1918^32) who not only reformed music education under a banner of social idealism but was also responsible for the controversial appointments of Schoenberg, Schreker, and Pfitzner to positions at the Berlin Hochschule. Since the essay is adapted from Rockwell's 1972 Ph.D. thesis it would have been useful to know how it relates to more recent publications in the field, such as Rachel Nussbaum's 'The Kroll Opera and the Politics of Cultural Reform in the Weimar Republic' (Ph.D. diss., Cornell University, 2005) which, although covering similar ground, receives only a passing mention in a footnote. That said, the chapter is a sophisticated and thoroughly researched account of this fascinating period of cultural history. Overall, the book succeeds in its aim to derive meaningful and unexpected parallels between aspects of the visual arts and music.The mosaiclike quality of this collection of essays, which results inevitably from the ambiguity of its guiding theme, proves in the end tobe itsmain asset.


This thesis examines whether the doctrine of Responsibility to Protect (R2P) can be invoked, at international law, to compel a state to accept foreign humanitarian relief or aid in cases of humanitarian emergencies arising from natural disasters. Focusing on the 2008 Myanmar Cyclone, the thesis will do three things. First, it evaluates the normative development of R2P and its practice. Second, it addresses the core weakness of R2P arguments in favor of intervention in natural disasters in the light of skepticism from states and the problem of indeterminacy in R2P and how it could trigger criminal sanctions. Third, this thesis frames the argument that R2P is not applicable to natural disaster situations. It further argues that the most feasible approach to dealing with the needs of victims of natural disasters is through the diplomatic mechanism of international cooperation, which is premised on the well-developed, accepted principles of sovereignty and non-intervention.


European one: the question arises anew with Moonstruck, and with the specific terms of the question Marc Weiner asks in his chapter in Joe and Theresa's anthology, 'Why Does Hollywood Like Opera?' (credited here). Citron's affection for opera is evident, as is her protection of it, which makes her sharply critical of Losey's Don Giovanni, where she feels that his 'dark critique' 'establishes distance, but its disdain for the opera threatens to fling the viewer outside the Mozartian orbit and block any interplay between respect and criticism' (p. 170). But 'dark' serves little purpose here, and the text is too anxious to protect Mozart, assuming that Losey's film was either deficient or does not accord Mozart the greatest respect simply by criticizing the operaçnot that I accept that negative criticism motivates Losey's film. Citron makes an interesting argument, derived from Grover-Friedlander, about the 'aural remains' left when recorded music is played in contexts outside the original operatic form (pp. 160^9). For her, these resemble an 'afterlife' given to the text, so that, referring to the specific conditions in which Don Giovanni continues to be played after the film's diegesis closes, 'Mozart now assumes an afterlife in aural form, away from the tyranny of the visual' (p. 167). The idea is apt, and suggestively put, so that it reaches beyond the specific conditions of Chabrol's film and extends to the point that opera on film is an afterlife for much opera, and brings into play at least three questions: why film is not 'the tyranny of the visual' when applied to opera, a question that tests the extent to which film should itself be thought of as primarily visual; second, why the operatic voice is so evocative when recorded and not heard directly in the opera house; third, how a text of the past can be treated: what kind of survival can it expect to have in its afterlife? Virtually all the operas discussed in this book are in their 'afterlife', and the turn to theory of the late 1980s and afterwards, as far as the study of opera was concerned, asked what kind of afterlife they could have: Zeffirelli-type endorsements of their public and received status, re-accentuations in Losey or Syberberg, or cutting them up into ten-minute episodes, as in Aria? I close with an example Citron writes well about: Schlesinger's Sunday, Bloody Sunday (1971), which concentrates on one moment from opera, 'Soave sia il vento' from Cos|' fan tutte, as if film were interested in an arrest of attention (Citron makes this point, p. 218). She might have made more of this: it indexes more than opera, how lovers change allegiances, and demonstrates the lability of any affect, especially affects presenting themselves in music. The extensions of such lability to questions of gender are implicit, as in the film the male lover (Murray Head) slips softly between a man and a woman (Peter Finch and Glenda Jackson) with equal infidelity to both. 'Soave sia il vento' is another 'afterlife', relating to a Proustian sense that music is always heard in situations anachronistic to it, so that its appearance in Sunday, Bloody Sunday becomes an instance of involuntary memory that questions the value of such memory and such affect, while giving to the film's homosexual content the value of Mozart's opera.That in 1971 is more affirmative than the articulations about opera in queer theory, which must be read, however, in order to be seen. I cannot agree with Gillo Dorfles that the work of art may become kitsch (in its 'afterlife'), a view Citron refers to in regard to La Bohe' me (p. 208); but it may be that it receives kitsch uses. Marcia Citron writes with great precision about each opera, which gives the book its distinction, but following through on the theoretical side would have been enriching, and might (my own prejudice) even have let her find the 'Liebestod' in Aria kitsch where Wagner is not. JEREMY TAMBLING University of Manchester


Four squirrel monkeys were trained to make right or left lever responses to trains of clicks presented binaurally with varying differences in the interaural time, interaural intensity, and the over‐all click level. Time and intensity differences and over‐all level were varied in 20 μsec, 2 dB, and 10 dB steps, respectively. For any given daily session, either the time or the intensity parameter alone was varied at only one of three over‐all click levels. A modified Block up‐down procedure was used. Percent‐correct lateral judgments were plotted as a function of interaural time and intensity differences for three click levels. Criterion performance of 85% correct lateral judgments was achieved at time differences ranging from 60 to 120 μsec and at intensity differences ranging from 6 to 10 dB that varied both with the individual monkey and the over‐all click intensity. End point for lateralization was also examined for time differences. Performance fell below the criterion level between 2.0 and 3.5 msec depending upon the intensity level used. [Supported by NINDS grant.]


Age relationships, Baylor County, Texas (W. F. Read), 474 relationships of intrusive rocks and ore deposits in the Red Lake area, Ontario (H. C. Horwood and N. B. Keevil), 17 Albite-anorthite, the system (A. T. Prince), 2 -anorthite-sphene, the system (A. T. Prince), i -anorthite-sphene, the system, thermal data and equilibrium diagram of (A. T. Prince), 4 -sphene, thermal data and equilibrium diagrams of the system (A. T. Prince), 2 Alling, Harold L. A metric grade scale for sedimentary rocks, 259 Alpha activity method (N. B. Keevil), 290 Altered palagonite tuffs, some, from Jamaica and the origin and history of their chlorites (Frank Raw), 215 Alumina, significance of the field of (W. K. Gummer), 528 American igneous rocks, the rarer metallic constituents of some (E. B. Sandell and S. S. Goldich), I, 99; II, 167 Amos Eaton. By Ethel M. McAllister. Review by E. P. Du Bois, 69 Amphibolite facies, Baie Verte Area, Newfoundland (K. D. Watson), 127 facies, Newfoundland (K. D. Watson), 120 Amphibolites and quartzites, Black Hills (J. J. Runner), 455 Amygdaloidal sideromelane tuff, Jamaica (Frank Raw), 231 Analcite-cemented, amygdaloidal, palagonite tuff, Jamaica (Frank Raw), 233 -cemented amygdaloidal, sideromelane tuff, Jamaica (Frank Raw), 232 Analyses and profile notes of some laterite soils and soils with iron concretions of Thailand. By Robert L. Pendleton and Sangar Sharasuvana. Review by A. O. Woodford, 141 Analysis, methods of, of metallic constituents of American igneous rocks (E. B. Sandell and S. S. Goldich), 1oo Anderson, E. M. The dynamics of faulting and dyke formation with application to Britain. Review by R. T. Chamberlin, 140 Anorthite-titanite, the system (A. T. Prince), 2 Antiquity of topography, Cape May formation, New Jersey (P. MacClintock), 470 Area, Red Lake, Ontario, age relationships of intrusive rocks and ore deposits in the (H. C. Horwood and N. B. Keevil), 17 Arizona area, northern (L. F. Brady and R. W. Webb), 398 cored bombs from, and California volcanic cones (L. F. Brady and R. W. Webb), 398 New Mexico and, climatic character of the interval between the Jurassic and Cretaceous in (L. B. Leopold), 56 Associated deposits, description of, Baylor County, Texas (W. F. Read), 476 Association of college geology teachers: reference list in earth sciences (L. R. Thiesmeyer), 276 Astronomy, reference list in (L. R. Thiesmeyer), 283


An axiom in regulatory sciences is that there are no thresholds for genotoxicity of chemicals. It leads to another default assumption that genotoxic carcinogens impose cancer risk on humans without thresholds, i.e., a linear non-threshold model. Therefore, no acceptable daily intake (ADI) is set for food additives, pesticides and veterinary drugs when they have genotoxic and carcinogenic activities. However, humans possess a number of defense mechanisms such as metabolic inactivation, DNA repair, error-free translesion DNA synthesis and so on. These mechanisms may constitute practical thresholds for genotoxicity. Error-free translesion DNA synthesis is a process where DNA polymerases bypass lesions in DNA by insertion of correct bases opposite the lesion and continue replication of whole chromosomes. These mechanisms might have been evolved because organisms from bacteria to humans are exposed to endogenous as well as exogenous genotoxic compounds. In fact, levels of spontaneous mutagenesis are strongly influenced by ability of DNA repair and translesion DNA synthesis of the host cells. Here, I show evidence that DNA repair and translesion DNA synthesis play roles in practical genotoxic thresholds in Salmonella typhimurium used for bacterial mutation assays, and discuss future directions of the research on genotoxic thresholds in vivo.


As part of the bachelor's program in Applied Computer Science of the Univ. of Applied Sciences and Arts, Hannover (HsH), the practical project Potential and Challenges of Microservices in the Insurance Industry was carried out with two partner companies. During the winter semester 2017, the theoretical foundations of the microservices approach have been studied, technologies were selected and applied to a demo scenario. Results have been presented to and discussed with the partners. The following semester focused on the migration of a monolithic mainframe-based core application, namely the Partner Management System, whereby only functional requirements were specified by the companies. The students task was to design the functional and technical concept and the implementation of a prototype based on the selected technology stack. The aim was to prove the suitability of the microservices approach for the insurance industry. In addition, known benefits of the microservices architecture should be highlighted and challenges and limitations addressed. The remainder of this article is organized as follows: In sec. II we focus on the educational asspects of the project. In sec. III we show the core application system and address issues with the monolithic approach. Sec. IV introduces the architecture of the migrated system. In Sec. V we evaluate the outcomes of our project. Sec. VI summarizes our results and draws a project conclusion.


Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) has a high ecological value due to the long and
intensive flowering as well as its favorable impact on soil fertility. In addition, as a
typical catch crop, it provides the possibility of a second harvest on arable land in
moderate European regions. However, in Europe demand for buckwheat kernels as
food is low. Therefore, the question arises whether cultivation of this plant could be
promoted by using it as animal feed. In the current experiment, the extent to which
buckwheat is consumed by laying hens was tested in conjunction with potential effects
on egg yield and quality. Three groups of laying hens (n=13 per group) were fed a
layer diet containing either 40% wheat, 40% hulled buckwheat or 40% crude buckwheat.
Feeds were offered ad libitum in form of groats. Feed intake was measured and
eggs were sampled before and during the experiment. Feed intake was significantly
increased with crude buckwheat, as also were egg weights. Egg number was not
affected. The weight and stability of the eggshell were significantly higher with crude
buckwheat. The color of the yolk was slightly altered with hulled buckwheat. The
results demonstrate that buckwheat is an interesting option as an ecologically and
economically valuable feed source for layers, which at least does not cause negative
impacts on feed intake and egg yield, compared to wheat.


The cohesiveness of constituent nations in a confederation such as the Eurozone depends on their equally shared experiences. In terms of household incomes, commonality of distribution across those constituent nations with that of the Eurozone as an entity in itself is of the essence. Generally, income classification has proceeded by employing "hard", somewhat arbitrary and contentious boundaries. Here, in an analysis of Eurozone household income distributions over the period 2006–2015, mixture distribution techniques are used to determine the number and size of groups or classes endogenously without resort to such hard boundaries. In so doing, some new indices of polarization, segmentation and commonality of distribution are developed in the context of a decomposition of the Gini coefficient and the roles of, and relationships between, these groups in societal income inequality, poverty, polarization and societal segmentation are examined. What emerges for the Eurozone as an entity is a four-class, increasingly unequal polarizing structure with income growth in all four classes. With regard to individual constituent nation class membership, some advanced, some fell back, with most exhibiting significant polarizing behaviour. However, in the face of increasing overall Eurozone inequality, constituent nations were becoming increasingly similar in distribution, which can be construed as characteristic of a more cohesive society.


Bevacizumab is used in the treatment of recurrent glioblastoma, but evidence is limited on the incidence of thromboembolic complications regarding the use of this drug in real‐world settings. We evaluated the risk of arterial thromboembolism (ATE) and venous thromboembolism (VTE) associated with the use of bevacizumab among adults diagnosed with high‐grade gliomas in a commercially insured U.S. population.


: Programmable logic controllers (PLC) are industrial digital computers used as automation controllers of manufacturing processes, such as assembly lines or robotic devices. The Ladder language, also known as Ladder Logic, is a programming language used to develop PLC software. Because of their widespread usage in industry, verifying that Ladder programs conform to their expected behaviour is of critical importance. In this work, we consider the description of the expected behaviour under the form of a timing chart , describing scenarios of execution. Our approach consists in translating the Ladder code and the timing chart into a program for the Why3 environment dedicated to deductive program verification. The verification proceeds by generating formal verification conditions, which are mathematical statements to be proved valid using automated theorem provers. The ultimate goal is two-fold: first, by obtaining a complete proof, we can verify the conformance of the Ladder code with respect to the timing chart with a high degree of confidence. Second, when the proof is not fully completed, we obtain a counterexample , illustrating a possible execution scenario of the Ladder code which does not conform to the timing chart.


A CAPTCHA is a Completely Automated Public Test to tell Computers and Humans Apart. Typical CAPTCHAs present a challenge string consisting of a visually distorted sequence of letters and perhaps numbers, which in theory only a human can read. Attackers of CAPTCHAs have two primary points of leverage: Optical Character Recognition (OCR) can identify some characters, while nonuniform probabilities make other characters relatively easy to guess. This paper uses a mathematical theory of assurance to characterize the probability that a correct answer to a CAPTCHA is not just a lucky guess. We examine three common types of challenges: dictionary words, Markov text, and random strings. We propose a new class of challenges based on the consonant-vowel-consonant (CVC) trigrams of psychology, and new varieties of Markov text. Theory and experiments reveal that many challenges are not as strong as believed, so we present ways to strengthen some. Almost all of our results apply immediately to automated "password generators".


This chapter introduces the reader to the changes the American public company has experienced that The Public Company Transformed explores. To set the scene, the basic chronology is summarized and the book's contribution to the vast literature on corporations is spelled out. Case studies of two iconic American business enterprises then illustrate in a concrete fashion key trends examined in detail in the remainder of the book. The case studies focus on the American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&T) and General Electric, companies that were prominent throughout the period the book covers. The chapter concludes with an overview of the remainder of The Public Company Transformed.


ABSTRACT Evaluation of slope stability, especially in the absence of a proper bed such as marine soils, is one of the most important issues in geotechnical engineering. Using geogrid layers to enhance the strength and stability of embankments is regarded as a commendable stabilization method. On the other hand, groundwater level erratically fluctuates in coastal areas. Therefore, the aim of this research is to study the effects of groundwater level changes on stability of a geogrid-reinforced slope on loose marine soils in Qeshm Island, Iran. At first, geotechnical properties of the site were obtained by comprehensive series of geotechnical laboratory and in situ tests. Then, by simultaneous changes of groundwater level and several parameters such as embankment slope, loading, geogrid length, geogrid number, and tensile strength of geogrid, different characteristics such as embankment safety factor (SF), vertical and horizontal displacements at embankment top and embankment base were studied. It was observed that groundwater level had significant effects on behavior of the embankment. For most of the observations, by decreasing the groundwater level, the displacements decreased and consequently safety factor increased. Increasing the length, number, and tensile strength of geogrid led to the reduction of displacements and an increase in the safety factor.


Global warming may induce accelerated soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition through increased soil temperature, and thus impact the C balance in soils. In a 26-year soil warming experiment in a mid-latitude hardwood forest, I documented the role played by aggregates and physical protection of organic matter—in both heated and undisturbed soils—in controlling SOM decay to investigate the potential consequences for the climate system. I found that long-term soil warming results in the reduction of aggregate mass, microbial biomass C, the concentration of soil C, and that the disruption of physical protection of organic matter, via crushing, accelerates SOM decay. My results indicate that aggregates help to stabilize soil carbon in New England Forest.


AbstractThe paper presents the results obtained from an experimental investigation into the optimisation of the three-dimensional digital elevation data compression procedure [1]. Three statistical criteria for testing data points were examined, using photogrammetrically sampled and cartographically digitised digital elevation data. The areas tested presented a considerable variation in topography. The photogrammetrically sampled area contains both steep sloping and generally flat terrain types, while the cartographically digitised one contains a hilly undulating terrain. The findings showed that optimum results from the procedure can only be obtained by optimum combination of the statistical criterion, the terrain characteristics and the data compression level required.


In large population speaker identification (SI) system, likelihood computations during testing stage can be time-consuming. In such a case, clustering method is applied to this situation. But the traditional clustering algorithm based on K-means is sensitive to the randomly chosen initial cluster centers. To address this issue, the paper proposes an improved clustering algorithm which uses an initial clustering method to choose the cluster centroids and utilizes T-test metrics as the distance measure. In fact, the proposed initial clustering method is of the same essence to the subtractive clustering algorithm. However, it differs from the subtractive clustering in two aspects of candidate selection and cluster radius. According to the experimental result, the improved GMM-based clustering algorithm shows the better performance both on recognition rate and accuracy of clustering, compared to the conventional clustering algorithm.


—Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) are powerful tools that support teaching and the case of Virtual Reality (VR) is especially promising because of its unique characteristics. In this paper, we report on a project that aims to describe how variables such as usability, user experience and learner interface experience might affect learning results while using VR resources. We present the preliminary results of a mixed-methods study, including the students' perceptions collected in two focus groups. These undergraduate students were exposed to the use of VR resources for learning purposes. These preliminary results invite us to think about the inclusion of different indicators to strengthen the VR resources evaluation process in higher education.


TEMPORALIS muscle fascia has proven to be an excellent material for tympanic membrane grafting. 1-7 Ninety-seven percent of our fascia tympanic membrane grafts in the last three years have been successful as compared with 92% of canal skin grafts.* What are the inherent tissue characteristics which account for the high survival rate of fascia grafts? Is fascia, as used in grafting, "living" tissue, or simply a substrate for healing processes? What is the ultimate fate of fascia when implanted in the ear? Can a dense connective tissue "middle layer" be identified in tympanic membranes months after grafts are applied? In an attempt to answer these questions and to correlate healing of fascia grafts with basic information regarding wound-healing, tissue culture and animal grafting studies were carried out. Fascia Grafting Technique A brief description of the grafting technique used by members of the Otologic Medical Group 3 in humans will clarify


The high level of competitiveness in the various sectors of the Brazilian economy is also present in food retail. The segment made up of establishments devoted to offering snacks or quick meals, known as fast food restaurants, stands out. In it, international chains with the franchise format can be found, which makes the market more competitive. This piece of work is geared to the segment made up of fast food restaurant chains. It studies the relationships involved in the logistical operations within the supply chain. For the various participants in this chain — the organization that owns the franchise, restaurants, suppliers, providers of logistical services and customers — the logistics, involving activities such as purchasing, inventory and distribution, have a central and strategic role, significantly influencing the results of all the parties. A relevant aspect is the worldwide and ever more common policy of outsourcing logistical activities, which also shows up as an alternative in this segment. A character that stands out is the integrated service provider, who carries out several logistical functions and does so in integrated way. In view of this context, the main purpose here is proposing business models that may be applied to fast food restaurant chains. In them, the various forms of relationship between the participants are shown, with the aim of obtaining value for the customer. The business model is the basis for defining the competitive strategy of the players of the supply chain, in the search for competitive advantage for the group. A survey of fast food restaurant chains was conducted to allow one to grasp the business reality and help in the development of the business models. Next, four cases were selected — three chains and an integrated service provider — for a more in-depth study and to obtain insights that make it possible for one to understand the competitive strategy of these chains.


The international community can learn much from the experiences of Africa in developing integrated AIDS management programs. While short term tactical interventions are important AIDS control in Africa and global AIDS control will not be solved through vaccine or treatment. The keynote address of the San Francisco Conference given by Eunice Kiereini of Kenya acknowledged the influence of the community as the chief determinant of change. Other papers emphasizes the need to involve community leaders in facilitating community awareness and the need to train community outreach counsellors to support AIDS patients and their families. Home care programs were discussed with the emphasis on community prevention through home care. Other papers presented by representatives of African nations offered important contributions to the understanding of human and organizational resource development to the study of behaviors identified with a high risk of spread of HIV and to the study of the distribution and mortality rates associated with HIV. Elizabeth Ngugi of Kenya in the summary session emphasized the importance of offering people choices and basing programs within the community. Africa has more experience in developing integrated AIDS management programs in mobilizing the community to prevent the spread of AIDS and in normalizing AIDS. Africa needs to continue its participation in international conferences and the world community needs to learn from the experiences of the African continent in dealing with AIDS.


Topical sunscreens are an essential armament for the protection of the human skin against acute and chronic adverse effects of solar radiation. All sunscreen groups have been reported to cause allergic reactions, which may be either contact or photocontact in nature (1). Contact urticarial reactions, however, are relatively rare (2). We report the occurrence of severe contact urticaria and anaphylaxis from benzophenone-3 (2-hydroxy 4methoxy benzophenone), a common sunscreen ingredient.


On the assumption that the psi is an $Omega$Omega-bar bound state, we find that the expected widths for psi$Yields$summationsummation-bar, though dependent on the wave-function assumptions, are likely to be orders of magnitude bigger than experimentally allowed.


The Tailored Activity Program (TAP) is a nonpharmacological approach shown to reduce neuropsychiatric symptoms and other dementia‐related clinical symptoms in people living with dementia and family caregivers.


Future uncertainty that can occur in financial services companies is a risk that Small industries in the city of Bandung play a very important role and contribute to the economy in the city of Bandung and nationally. For this reason, it is necessary to have high performance so that it can compete both in the national market and in the global market.This study aims to identify external and internal factors that determine the influence of intellectual, intelligence and emotional intelligence on the performance of small business actors on handicraft products in Bandung City. Small industries are still constrained by various internal and external factors. Internal factors include aspects of human resources and capital, marketing and design, while external factors include market conditions, availability of raw materials and government policies.Types of data are secondary data obtained from various related literatures. The sample in this study amounted to 50 business actors.Small entrepreneurs must maintain the implementation of the important factors that determine the performance of their business, while still making improvements to the factors that are still not being implemented, in order to get better performance.Keywords: Intellectual and Emotional Intelligence on the Performance of Small Business Owners in Bandung


An insole device configured to fit the profile of the human foot to promote proprioceptive stimulation of the golgi tendon organ. The midfoot section of the insole device has an asymmetric domed structure that is presented to the plantar aspect of the foot at a location found to be the anatomical apex of the foot's arch system. The asymmetric domed structure displays physical properties to catalyse muscle group balancing by using the body's proprioceptive feedback mechanisms. The asymmetric domed structure displays physical properties such that it does not provide functional bracing or support to the plantar aspect of the foot. The net result will be a more structurally sound foot capable of more energy efficient and less injury inducing use. The plantar aspect of the insole or midsole device is characterized by a dominant cavity having the ability to receive and interchange the biofeedback catalyst and the many forms therefore, as well as being characterized by provisions to ensure proper and permanent placement of the catalyst.


This is a one page article with diagram for a sheep sorting chute. This chute was being used at North Dakota State University with their 500 ewe flock in 1976. A concise rationale for the design is the chute is given


A cute coronary syndromes (ACS) include unstable angina (UA), non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), and ST-elevation MI (STEMI). Each year in the US, approximately 1,360,000 patients are admitted for ACS, of which 810,000 have an MI and the remainder UA. Approximately two thirds of patients with MI have NSTEMI and the rest have STEMI. Worldwide, more than 3 million people each year are estimated to have a STEMI and more than 4 million have an NSTEMI. Hospital mortality is higher in patients with STEMI but the longterm mortality is higher in patients with non-STE ACS. Thus, optimal management of NSTEMI-ACS is important in this clinical setting. This review reflects recent evidence in the context of the relevant guidelines of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) and the European Society of Cardiology (ESC).


This research aims to develop an interactive e-module as an additional learning media for fourth-grade elementary schools in the Natural and Social Sciences subject (IPAS). The study was conducted utilizing the ADDIE approach of research and development. Fourth-grade students and instructors at SDN Cikadongdong verified the product before it was released. Observation, interviews, and questionnaires were used as the primary methods of data collection. The results of product trials based on the teacher's response showed a score of 95.8%, which was in the very good category. In addition, students' responses based on interview results showed that the students liked the interactive e-module because the appearance of the interactive e-module was attractive, not boring, and easy to use. Thus, it can be concluded that the interactive e-module is considered a very good category and is suitable to use as an additional learning medium in fourth-grade Natural and Social Sciences learning.


A novel carbonization agent was synthesized and characterized. The flame retardancy and thermal behavior of a new IFR system with and without metal chelates for LDPE were investigated by LOI, UL-94 test, and TGA. Metal chelates can remarkably improve the flame retardant performance of intumescent systems according to the tested results of LOI values and UL-94 ratings because they can act both as inhibitors of radicals and as promoters of carbonization. The TG curves show that the amounts of residue of IFR-PE/metal chelate systems increase compared to those of PE and IFR-PE at temperatures ranging from 400 to 650 °C. The IFR-PE/metal chelate system can obviously reduce the amounts of decomposing products at higher temperatures and promotes the formation of carbonaceous charred layers. A LOI value of 29.8 and UL-94 V-0 rating could be achieved when the synthesized carbonization agent, APP, MP, and CoOSAwere added into LDPE.


Objective Through observing the clinical effect and the changes of gastrointestinal hormones caused by the treatment of different moxibustion time of the superficial gastritis patients due to the spleen and stomach weakness,to investigate the regulation of the dose-effect relation and the adjustment function on gastrointestinal hormone of serum of patients caused by the warming and nourish effect with moxibustion.Methods Eighty-four superficial gastritis Patients due to the spleen and stomach weakness were divided into group 1(treated by warming moxibustion for twenty minutes)(n=28),group 2(treated by warming moxibustion for forty minutes)(n=28),and drug(n=28)groups.The changes of the content of the Prostaglandin E2(PGE2)、Somatostatin(SS)and Epidermal growth factor(EGF)were observed before and after treatment between 3 groups and the clinical effect in different time.Results ①All 3 groups were compared after treatment,their clinical effect had no significant difference(P>0.05):②Compared with pre-treatment,the superficial gastritis symptom score had a very significant difference after the treatment(3.07±1.54)、(3.11±1.40)、(3.79±2.25)and during the 1 month follow-up(2.25±1.32)、(2.57±1.10)、(4.11±2.48),(P<0.01);③After treatment,the content of the PGE2 of the serum was increased obviously,compared with pre-treatment.There was a significant difference in each group(33.751±1.267)pg/ml、(33.774±8.583)pg/ml、(32.583±8.259)pg/ml,(P<0.05);After warming moxibustion for forty minutes,the content of the EGF of the serum was increased obviously,compared with pre-treatment,showing a significant difference(1.331±0.823)pg/ml,(P<0.05).Conclusion ①All of the three treatment methods had significant curative effect,and the curative effect had no significant difference among these 3 groups.But the moxibustion groups were markedly higher than the drug group in long-term result;②The moxibustion had established adjustment function on gastrointestinal hormone of the superficial gastritis patients due to the spleen and stomach weakness,which suggested that the gastrointestinal hormone may participate in its onset and the process of pathology and physiology.

Key words:
Warming moxibustion; Superficial gastritis; Weakness of the spleen and stomach; Gastrointestinal hormone


To conduct a quantitative analysis of paraffin deposit in rod pumped wells,the four parameters of maximum load,minimum load,load difference and load ratio were extracted from the indicator diagram.According to the change rate of the parameters,the paraffinning degree of oil well was measured.The parameters were analyzed,compared and optimized.In light of the change rate of maximum load,minimum load,load difference and load ratio and in combination of the explanation result of the measured indicator diagram,the minimum error of well-time of paraffinning degree diagnosis was related to load ratio.Moreover,it was easy to classify paraffinning well boundaries.The paraffinning classification of oil wells in the research area was conducted according to the paraffinning classification formula.Different measures were taken to handle the oil wells of different paraffinning degrees.Specifically speaking,the present measures were maintained with slightly paraffinning wells;paraffining monitoring was strengthened with moderately paraffinning wells;deparaffinning should be strengthened and the amount of paraffin removal agents should be increased with seriously paraffinning wells.


Di- and trinuclear title complexes, 2Cu and 3Cu, containing, respectively, two and three macrocyclic fragments bound by aliphatic linkers with the -S–S- moieties have been synthesized by using cystamine dihydrochloride in the presence of triethylamine. The structure of the 2Cu complex in the solid state was confirmed by X-ray analysis. Two macrocyclic rings of 2Cu form a rectangular cavity of size 17.18 A [S19···S19 (1 – x, –y, –z)] × 3.62 A. The shorter dimension of the cavity is the shortest observed in bis(macrocycle)s studied by us. The bis(macrocyclic) molecules in the crystal lattice are surrounded by PF6– ions and water molecules. Redox properties of the new compounds were determined by applying various voltammetric techniques. The macrocyclic architectures remained stable in nonaqueous solutions. For the bis- and tris(macrocyclic) compounds, the exchange of one electron takes place almost independently at each of the copper centers. The complexes were self- assembled at the gold surface to produce stable monolayer-modified electrodes. The immobilization of these highly charged cations on the electrode required the application of appropriate negative potentials during the self-assembly process.(© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)


Capacitive sensing of x-ray generated charge images on amorphous selenium layers represents an attractive technique for the electronic recording of projection radiographs. In order to evaluate the practical limits of image quality with such a selenium detector we have set up a laboratory system that allows the recording of small size (70 x 70 mm2) radiographic images. We have measured MTF and noise power spectra and have calculated from these data noise equivalent quanta (NEQ) and detective quantum efficiency (DQE) as a function of dose and spatial frequency. On the basis of these quantities the imaging performance of the system is discussed.


We measured optical time-resolved photoinduced reflectivity in La0.82Pb0.18MnO3+δ thin film as a function of temperature. The photoinduced signal consists of initial fast relaxation on 200-300 fs scale followed by a slower relaxation on 10-100 ps timescale and extremely slow response on the ns-μs timescale. All components show distinctive changes below metal-insulator transition. Amplitudes of the faster components increase with decreasing temperature below metal-insulator transition indicating a bottleneck in the relaxation. The slow components amplitudes show distinctive peak at ~200K indicating presence of localized states in the vicinity of the Fermi energy significantly below the metal-insulator transition.


A logic and proof system is introduced for specifying and proving properties of programs written in the Erlang programming language. We consider a core fragment of Erlang with data types, buuered asynchronous communication, and dynamic process spawning. Our aim is to verify quite general properties of programs in this fragment. The speciication logic extends the rst-order-calculus with Erlang-speciic primitives. For veriication we use an approach which combines local model checking with facilities for compositional veriication. We give a speciication and veriication example based on a billing agent which controls and charges for user access to a given resource.


This paper presents absolute determination of vibration amplitude in numerical analysis of sinusoidally-amplitude-modulated holographic interferograms by the algorithm like fringe-shifting technique. This algorithm assumes the two Bessel functions of the even and odd orders which are obtained from these interferograms to be cosine and sine functions. Then, the arctangent of their ratio gives their argument which is proportional to vibration amplitude. This value having the error due to assumption can be corrected using the relationship between the calculated and correct values. In the same way as common phase-shifting technique, however, it has required unwrapping and a priori knowledge concerning the vibration amplitude (usually, the vibration node). We found that the different pairs of the Bessel functions give the different calculated values, and investigated the differences of these calculated values. In this paper, we show that the vibration amplitude can be absolutely determined using their properties without a priori knowledge.


Abstract Examination of the density variations found in cores taken from wildcat wells highlights the differences in Tertiary sedimentation on the east and west coasts of the North Island of New Zealand. A number of measurements of density, magnetic susceptibility, and longitudinal wave velocity have been made on East Coast rock outcrops. The results, although far from comprehensive, reveal some new and interesting trends. Comparisons of New Zealand seismic measurements and North American oil-well data throw new light on the rock-forming processes of diagenesis and burial metamorphism and allow comparisons to be made of the differences in tectonic environment between New Zealand and North America.


This paper aims to investigate the role of a consumer satisfaction index (CSI) for financial investments in the Hong Kong market. Using yearly data for Hong Kong consumer satisfaction index (HKCSI) to compile a CSI at company level, the effect of consumer satisfaction on company market value is identified. A hypothesized investment portfolio based only on CSI at company level is created, and its return compares with a widely used index measuring stock market performance in Hong Kong. A formal statistical test on the outperformance of portfolios that load on consumer satisfaction is conducted. Using the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), the beta risk of the entire time period is evaluated, and shows that the portfolio risk based on company level CSI is not significantly different than the market risk. This paper concludes therefore that consumer satisfaction can be incorporated into financial models and applied for formulating investment portfolios with better performance than the market rate in Hong Kong.


A particle -fluid suspension model is applied to the problem of pulsatile blood flow through a circular tube under the influence of body acceleration. With the help of finite Hankel and Laplace transforms, analytic expressions for axial velocity for fluiQ and particle phase, fluid acceleration, wall shear stress and instantaneous flow rate have been obtained. It as observed that the solution can be used for all feasible values of pulsatile and body acceleration (as, riding a tractor, operating a jack hammer andsudden and fast movements of body during gymnastics and sports activities). Using physiological data, the following qualitative and quantitative results have been obtained. The maximum of the axial velocity and fluid acceleration shifts from the axis of the tube to the vicinity of the tube wall as the tube diameter increases. The effect of C on the velocity and acceleration are non-uniform. The effect of C on Tb are again non-uniform.


The planet Earth has about three quarters of water, yet it is estimated that only 5% of the seas and oceans are known. In the last decades, the AUVs have become useful tools for the exploration of the oceans by carrying on board several equipment with a relative low cost of operation. The structural part of the AUV's, usually cylindrical shells, has been studied as well. In general, the objectives of these studies are to maintain rigidity and to leave the structure lighter, under the criterion of buckling resistance. The buckling failure occurs prior to failure by yielding due to its geometry and the influence of initial shell imperfections. One way to increase the stiffness of the shells is to use stiffeners, which are usually welded to the shell. However, the use of these stiffeners in a small vehicle reduces the space used for different devices and instruments of the vehicle, in addition there are manufacturing drawbacks as residual stresses related to the welding processes. Therefore, alternatives to the conventional stiffener should be sought for this type of vehicle. It is possible to replace conventional stiffeners by an internal structure to the pressure vessel and common in submersibles, the shelf of accommodation of the electronics. This structure, referred to here as sliding stiffeners, has circumferential frame bulkheads that can provide stiffness to the shell and avoid the drawbacks of volume reduction and fabrication that conventional stiffeners bring. However, such substitution for increased rigidity has not yet been analyzed. Therefore, in this work it is proposed to analyze the behavior of the sliding stiffeners when used in substitution of the conventional stiffeners, considering that both provide compressive strength although they do not present the same restrictions of degrees of freedom. The analysis is done by analytical and numerical methods, typical of conventional stiffeners. Key-words: Unmanned Underwater Vehicle, External Pressure Vessel, Buckling.


We all know that doctrinal unity means that all the members of the one Church are visibly united by the public profession of the same doctrines proposed by the Church as divinely revealed. Faith and Order today is the department of the World Council of Churches concerned with the doctrinal issues of church unity. The World Council itself is the organizational fruit of that larger movement toward unity known as the Ecumenical Movement. Our question is: do the members of Faith and Order think that visible unity of doctrine is willed by God for his Church? We will seek our answer mainly from the four major Faith and Order meetings held at Lausanne, Switzerland, in 1927, Edinburgh in 1937, Lund, Sweden in 1952 and Montreal in 1963. Since, however, Faith and Order members are influential in all ecumenical activities, we shall also consider some of the other assemblies of the World Council. The Faith and Order Movement was organized in 1920, but its roots go back much earlier. Since Faith and Order has not always given the same answer to our question and since all the members of Faith and Order today do not give the same answer, we cannot correctly evaluate the present position of Faith and Order regarding doctrinal unity without some history of the trend or evolution of the attitude toward doctrine in the Ecumenical Movement. Granting that many exceptions could be cited, I think we can distinguish three stages in this trend. Stage 1: from around midnineteenth century to 1910, when unity was sought without any regard for doctrinal issues. Stage 2: from 1910 to 1954, when doctrinal unity was discussed but the opinions hostile to it prevailed. Stage 3: from 1954 to 1964, when Faith and Order attention was primarily directed to the doctrinal issues of unity and, from a Catholic viewpoint, many correct conclusions were reached. We are mainly interested in this final stage, but, as I said, it cannot be understood without its historical background.


Iterative reconstruction is a relatively new concept for the calculation of medical images, which is based on formulating the reconstruction process mathematically as an inverse problem and solving it with a numerical optimization method. Driven by recent success for dose reduction in CT, iterative reconstruction is currently receiving strong interest also in the MRI community. The first part of the talk will give a step-by-step introduction to the iterative reconstruction scheme and demonstrate how the technique can be applied for magnetic resonance imaging. The second part will present four applications to illustrate that the concept can be exploited either for significantly reducing the scan time or for improving the image quality relative to a conventional reconstruction. These advantages arise from two main components that inherently compensate for incompletely sampled data: First, the incorporation of prior knowledge about the solution and, second, the use of an extended modelling of the MRI signal. In the first example, it is shown that the higher sampling requirement for radial k-space acquisitions can be ameliorated with a constraint on the solution's total variation (TV), based on the assumption that most objects are piece-wise constant to some degree. Because radial undersampling creates streaking artifacts that increase the TV value relative to the true object, the artifacts can be suppressed by penalizing the TV in addition to enforcing consistency with the sampled data. Further, by extending the signal model to include the locally varying sensitivity of the receive coil, all receive elements can be processed simultaneously in a parallel imaging manner, which enables reconstructions from very limited data. In example 2, the concept is adapted for radial fast spin-echo imaging. This sequence acquires spokes with increasing T2 weighting along the echo train, which conventionally results in an averaged image contrast. When adding a spatial relaxation component to the signal model, the iterative approach copes with the contrast inconsistencies and renders separated proton-density and relaxivity maps. These maps are estimated directly from k-space and allow for fast T2 quantification from a single dataset. In example 3, the signal model is extended for improved parallel-imaging reconstructions where the coil sensitivities are calculated jointly with the image content. Because in this way all sampled data is used for profile estimation instead of only few reference lines, the method yields artifact-free images even in conditions where conventional parallel-imaging approaches fail, which is particularly relevant for modern high-density coils. The last example …


Nowadays, the sports and tourism enjoy a complementary interrelationship that directly influences the economy of the nations. In addition, sport tourism is, nowadays, considered as the most profitable and lucrative industry of the world. Moreover, it may affect all social strata, economically and politically. Therefore it is needless to express that much more attention should be focused to the industry through clear-cut guidelines and policies, visions and constructive plans in this connection. To this end, in this paper, the writers scrutinize and suggest guidelines for sport tourism progress and development in Zanjan province from social, economic and cultural viewpoints. This is an applied research conducted as field study. In this study the statistical. Sample is divided into 2 groups: 1) Experts including physical education teachers, cultural Heritage and physical education department employees and,2) Customers including different Sportsmen/women travelling to Zanjan province. The research tool is a 43 item researcher-prepared Questionnaire in Likert scale whose reliability and validity were confirmed by a board of University professors. We applied demographical and inferential statistics to process the data. The chi-square results indicated that there was a significant relationship between both Experts and customers `perceptions on sports tourism development in Zanjan province.


The principles and practice of a many-body Brownian dynamics algorithm of reversible binding to a static three-dimensional receptor array are presented. The mixed boundary conditions at the array are compared with single-particle direct propagation using a novel operator discretization. The many-body aspects are checked against previous one-dimensional Brownian simulations. The long-time behavior agrees with expected analytic solutions.


[Objective]To study the clinical effect of pre-hospital first aid of limited fluid resuscitation on uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock after trauma. [Methods]279 patients with uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock after trauma from January 2010 to September 2011 were collected.127 cases did not have emergency telephone call,and were taken to emergency center by family members or outsiders(no pre-hospital first aid group,group A).152 cases were treated by pre-hospital first aid(pre-hospital first aid group,group B).All patients of two groups were given limited fluid resuscitation,the mortality and survival time of two groups were compared. [Results]The mortality of group B(18.42%) was lower than that of group A(31.50%),the survival time of group B(5.14±1.7) h was longer than that of group A(2.5±0.8) h,and the differences were significant(P0.05). [Conclusion]The pre-hospital first aid can reduce the mortality and delay time of death.Strengthening the emergency treatment within the first golden hour is the key to enhance the success rate of rescue.


This article aims to study coupled mean-field equation and ODEs with discrete events motivated by vehicular traffic flow. Precisely, multi-lane traffic flow in presence of human-driven and autonomous vehicles is considered, with autonomous vehicles possibly influenced by external policymakers. First, a finite-dimensional hybrid system is developed based on the continuous Bando-Follow-the-Leader dynamics coupled with discrete events due to lane-change maneuvers. Then the mean-field limit of the finite-dimensional hybrid system is rigorously derived for the dynamics of the human-driven vehicles. The microscopic lane-change maneuvers of the human-driven vehicles generate a source term for the mean-field PDE. This leads to an infinite-dimensional hybrid system described by coupled Vlasov-type PDE, ODEs, and discrete events.


This study aimed to examine the validity and reliability of a method used for assessing myofascial trigger point using manual algometer against a digital algometer served as a standard instrument. Thirty subjects with myofascial trigger point on upper trapezius were recruited and randomly assigned to be assessed the PPT by both methods of algometry separated by 15-min of rest period. Each method was repeated 3 times with 2 min rest between repetitions. Results found that both methods had high reliability.  The ICCs of the manual and digital algometries were 0.97 (95% confidence interval 0.95 to 0.99, P < 0.001) and 0.96 (95% confidence interval 0.93 to 0.98, P < 0.001) respectively. The validity of manual algometry presented by Pearson's correlation coefficient was 0.9 (95% CI of 0.8 to 1.0 and P < 0.001). In conclusion, manual algometry has excellent reliability and high validity. Therefore, it could be used as an alternative method for assessment and follow-up evaluation in physical therapy interventions.


Intradialytic hypoxemia is associated with oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, higher erythropoietin requirements, and higher all-cause hospitalization and mortality in hemodialysis (HD) patients (Meyring-Wosten, et al., 2016). The aim of the present study was to further expand our insights into the hypoxia-uremia axis by investigating the oxidative balance in endothelial cells (EC) under hypoxic and uremic conditions.

 Human umbilical EC were incubated with DMEM medium supplemented with 10% of fetal bovine serum (FBS; control) or with sera obtained from healthy subjects (S-CON) or HD patients (S-HD, 1:10), respectively, for 40 minutes, 4 hours, and 24 hours under normoxic (21% O2) or hypoxic (5% O2) conditions (Culture Chamber ProOx, Biospherix). EC were analyzed by flow cytometer (BD Accuri™ C6 Plus) to assess a) intracellular production of reactive oxygen species (ROS, DCFH-DA probe, Abcam); b) reduced glutathione (GSH) content (ThiolTracker Violet probe, Thermo Fisher Scientific).

 S-HD increased intracellular ROS production at all time points compared to S-CON. Moreover, ROS production was higher under hypoxic conditions. ROS production declined after 24 hours. S-HD induced slightly higher GSH content when compared to S-CON in normoxia (Table 1).

 In our in vitro experiments, hypoxia and uremia jointly favor EC oxidative imbalance. This effect is particularly pronounced after 4 hours. Translational studies are warranted to explore the clinical relevance of our findings.


The article deals with particular texts that are not limited to the resurrection narratives in Matt 28. In what follows we will have a close look at Matthew's understanding of Jonah's sign. What did he mean with the sign of Jonah? Did Matthew understand it in terms of resurrection? And if so, did he follow examples of the past? Why did he mention the sign of Jonah in this particular context of his composition?


Wakefield effects in the main linac of a future linear collider can strongly affect the beam-beam interaction at the collision point and potentially lead to a significant luminosity loss. This paper gives an update on the status of the simulations of this effect.


Functional groups on the surface of Polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based carbon fibers and in fiber surface sizing are likely to react during the curing process of composites, and these reactions could affect the infiltration and adhesion between the carbon fibers and resin. T300B-3000-40B fibers and fiber surface sizing were heat-treated at different temperatures, and the structural changes of both the fiber surface sizing and extracted sizing after heat treatment were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results show that the concentration of epoxy groups in both the fiber surface sizing and extracted sizing decreased with increasing heat-treatment temperature and decreased to zero after treatment at 200°C. The concentration of epoxy groups in the extracted sizing was lower than that of the fiber surface sizing after treatment under the same conditions; this indicated that the rate of reaction between the carbon fibers and fiber surface sizing was higher than the reaction rate of the fiber surface sizing system. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis reveals that the content of CO bonds and activated carbon atoms on the surface of the desized treated carbon fibers was the highest when the heat-treatment temperature was 150°C; this proved the reaction between the carbon fibers and the fiber surface sizing. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012


This paper focuses on the research on the SAR(Successive-Approximation-Register) A/D converter.An R-C-R combination based SAR A/D conversion approach is discussed and a 12-bit 1 MSamples/s SAR A/D converter is realized with this approach in the UMC 90 nm CMOS process.In circuit design,the matching requirement for the capacitor array is alleviated by utilizing a reusable two-segment resistor string.In layout design,a special resistor layout design method is used to reduce impact on linearity from the mismatch of connection resistors.Metal finger capacitors are adopted to improve technology compatibility and reduce the cost.With a 3.3 V analog supply and a 1.0 V digital supply,the differential non-linearity of this converter is measured to be 0.78LSB(Least-Significant-Bit).At the sampling rate of 1 MSamples/s and the input frequency of 10 kHz,the ENOB(Effective-Number-of-Bits) is measured to be 10.3 and the power dissipation is measured to be less than 10 mW including that of the output drivers.The active area of the converter is about 0.31 mm2.This converter can satisfy the embedded SoC(System-on-Chip) applications.


We start the study of the family of birational maps (f α,β) of P 2 C in [12]. For "(α, β) well chosen" of modulus 1 the centraliser of f α,β is trivial, the topological entropy of f α,β is 0, there exist two domains of linearisation : in the first one the closure of the orbit of a point is a torus, in the other one the closure of the orbit of a point is the union of two circles. On P 1 C × P 1 C any f α,β can be viewed as a cocyle ; using recent results about SL(2; C)-cocycles ([1]) we determine the LYAPUNOV exponent of the cocyle associated to f α,β .


Subject. The article considers the concept of circular economy, which has originated relatively recently in the academic literature, and is now increasingly recognized in many countries at the national level. In the European Union, the transition to circular economy is viewed as an opportunity to improve competitiveness of the European Union, protect businesses from resource shortages and fluctuating prices for raw materials and supplies, and a way to increase employment and innovation.
Objectives. The aim of the study is to analyze the incentives developed by the European Commission for moving to circular economy, and to assess their effectiveness on the basis of statistical analysis.
Methods. I employ general scientific methods of research.
Results. The analysis of the EU Action Plan for the Circular Economy enabled to conclude that the results of the recent research in circular economy barriers, eco-innovation, technology and infrastructure were successfully integrated into the framework of this document. Understanding the root causes holding back the circular economy development and the balanced combination of economic and administrative incentives strengthened the Action Plan, and it contributed to the circular economy development in the EU.
Conclusions. The measures to stimulate the development of the circular economy proposed in the European Action Plan can be viewed as a prototype for designing similar strategies in other countries, including Russia. Meanwhile, a more detailed analysis of barriers to the circular economy at the level of individual countries and regions is needed.


The terminological collocation dut' slova 'to affect smb. in order to harm or render assistance' fixed in the Komi Republic Lojma dialect is considered. The guiding nomination principle for it is the way of actions produced by sorcerer or sorceress. The subject of the author's attention becomes the analyzed expression ethnocultural content. The commonality between actional and verbal code in expressing of ethnic and cultural meanings is stated. The main attention focuses on the verb dut' 'to blow' as a core component in the collocation. It is proved that the ritual term dut' slova encompasses several base ideas for people's traditional worldview. Firstly, the importance of ideas about human voice (more narrowly word) is stressed as a specific object in a series of sound signs in the traditional culture. Secondly, the idea of generating something through constitution of directed current of air is taken into account, cf. the expression Bog dunet vsyo budet. Thirdly, the author commented the ideas on a number of the wind's important features, with the image of which the figurative base of considered expression is semantically conjugated. The wind (blast) is conceived as a mean of harming or rendering assistance to somebody and intermediary in the information transmission from the sender to the recipient in charm.


Halal tourism has been recorded steadily growing since 2000.growth Globalof Muslim travelers has grown rapidly from 25 million in 2000 to 140 million in 2018, or growing 25% / year. This growth is predicted to continue to increase to 230 million with a turnover of USD 300 billion (4,200 trillion) in 2026. (Mastercard - Crescent Rating, 2019). Currently, halal tourism has become a global mainstream market, not just a niche market. Halal tourism is a current and promising future tourism trend. Efforts to meet the need for Muslim-friendly tourist destinations are a very rational and profitable choice.


The present study has two aims: First it summarizes current theory and research on the association between self-consciousness/self-focused attention and different aspects of emotions in both typical and clinical populations. Second, it presents some new findings which address this association. As described in the literature, in the process of achieving one's goals the individual compares oneself with standards and regulates one's behavior, making behavioral adjustments or changing the goal in order to minimize the difference between one's current status and one's goals. During this self-evaluation process, which is an inherent part of self-regulation, attention is focused on the self and can be related to either positive or negative emotions depending on the subjective evaluation regarding the likelihood of achieving one's goals. In psychopathology this process seems to dysfunction, so that the individual is trapped in a vicious cycle of negative emotion and increased self-focused attention/selfconsciousness. Research suggests that specific emotions, or their dimensions are associated with increased self-focused attention but it remains unclear which these dimensions are and how are related to psychopathology. Τhe findings we present attempt to separate the effects of the basic affective dimensions of valence, arousal and dominance on increased self-focused attention.