In the isolated liver of the fed rat perfusion with 10m M -ethanol (EtOH), in absence of glucose and insulin (Ins), increases the phosphorylation rate and the yield of oxidative phosphorylation (1) . A positive linear glucose-dependent correlation exists between the net fluxes of ATP and glycogen in presence of Ins only, indicating that Ins can control the carbohydrate store via energy metabolism (2) . Any change in this relationship could suggest a variation in insulin sensitivity. The effect of EtOH on insulin resistance is controversial, but it has been shown that in presence of Ins the correlation between the net fluxes of ATP and glycogen is 4-fold higher when 10m M -Et OH is added. It was thus necessary to evaluate the effect of a moderate level of EtOH on mitochondrial ATP turnover in the liver in the presence and absence of Ins perfusion.


This project is based on American-Korean curator Miwon Kwon's definition of the site- specific term. We focus on her three paradigms: the phenomenological, the social/institutional and the discursive. Using these paradigms both as a theory and actual working method we create and analyze a site-specific installation at the tunnel under Trekroner station titled Move(d) by Nature. Working as visual ethnographers using phemenological theory of science we examine how to interfere with the discourse of a specific place – Trekroner station.
Through analysis of the site both before and during the installation it's pointed out that minor changes of the space could make a noticeable and sudden change in the user- interpretation of the space. However, not every paradigm proved equally possible to affect through our installation i.e. the social/institutional and discursive paradigms. This was a result of the limited size of the installation as well as our method using only our own experiences in the space. Because of this method our project qualifies not as a final answer but as a contribution to a debate of the site-specific term and use of site-specific art in general. Therefore Move(d) by Nature should be perceived as an example of how public spaces can be used for different purposes focusing on the contained opportunities within the specific space.


Objective To summarize the experience of surgical strategies and operational skills on multiple intracranial aneurysms of anterior circulation.Methods The clinical data of 85 patients with multiple intracranial aneurysms of anterior circulation,admitted to our hospital from October 2010 to March 2011,and the surgical strategies and operational skills on the aneurysms were retrospectively analyzed.According to Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) scores,the curative effects in these patients were rated.Results One-stage surgery was performed in all aneurysms of 79 patients and staged surgeries in 6 patients.Bilateral aneurysms were treated through unilateral craniotomy in 7 patients and bilateral craniotomy in 26 patients.One hundred and eighty-three aneurysms were clipped and 5 were wrapped.According to GOS scores,the curative effects were poor in 7 patients (GOS 2-3) and good in 76 (GOS 4-5),and 2 patients died.Conclusions Multiple intracranial aneurysms of anterior circulation should be treated as soon as possible.The reasonable surgical strategies and delicate surgical skills are critical to the success of surgeries.

Key words:
Multiple intracranial aneurysm;  Microsurgery;  Curative effect


Recently, twocell surface molecules, CD46 andmoesin, havebeenfound tobefunctionally associated with measles virus(MV)infectivity ofcells. We investigated the receptor usageofMV wild-type, subacute sclerosing panen- cephalitis, andvaccine strains andtheir effect onthedown- regulation ofCD46after infection. Wefound that theinfection ofhumancell lines withall19MV strains tested wasinhib- itable withantibodies against CD46.Incontrast, notall strains ofMV ledtothedownregulation ofCD46following infection. ThegroupofCD46non-downregulating strains comprised fourlymphotropic wild-type isolates designated AB,DF,DL,andWTF.Since thedownregulation ofCD46is caused byinteraction withnewlysynthesized MV hemagglu- tinin (MV-H), wetested thecapability ofrecombinant MV-H proteins todownregulate CD46.Recombinant MV-Hproteins ofMV strains Edmonston, Halle, andCM ledtothedown- regulation ofCD46,whereas those ofDL andWTF didnot. Thisobserved differential downregulation bydifferent MV strains hasprofound consequences, since lack ofCD46onthe cell surface leads tosusceptibility ofcells tocomplement lysis. Theseresults suggest thatlymphotropic wild-type strains of MV whichdonotdownregulate CD46mayhaveanadvantage forreplication invivo. Therelatively weakimmuneresponse against attenuated vaccine strains ofMV compared with wild-type strains might berelated tothisphenomenon. Measles virus (MV), theprototype morbillivirus ofthegenus Paramyxoviridae, exists asasingle dominant immunotype, and henceimmunization withasingle strain hasprovided protec- tionagainst disease invaccinated populations. However, dif- ferences inthenucleotide sequence andbiological properties ofMV strains havebeenobserved (1-3) whichsuggest that heterogeneity inMV strains maybelarger thanhadoriginally beenthought, although this conforms tothe"quasispecies" nature inherent inRNA viruses. Thesefindings haveraised the questions ofwhichbiological properties maydiffer between these strains, whether allMV strains usethesamecellular receptors, andwhether these differences canbelinked tothe various MV-associated disease processes inmanandexperi- mental animal models. After therecent detection oftheMV receptor complex (4-7), itisnowpossible tostudy therole of thereceptors inthetropism andvirulence ofdifferent MV strains. Fortheinvestigation ofthese differences itisimportant to takeinto account that themethodchosen fortheisolation of individual MV strains will exertselective pressure uponthe original virus population andwillpromotethegrowth of variants better able toadapt togrowth incell culture. Classi- cally, MV strains wereestablished bypassage ofinfected blood orbiopsy material ofpatients inAfrican greenmonkey kidney cells (Verocells). Indeed, thefirst isolation ofMV,strain


We present a case of primary meningococcal arthritis in an 8-month-old immunocompetent female. We also review 18 additional paediatric cases and characterize this unique form of meningococcal disease.


IAM. Additionally, all these parameters suggest that the HAR method as a better way of refinement of data than TAAM and far better than IAM. However, HAR is much more restrictive with reference to the quality of original data and time-consuming in comparison with TAAM


We report experimental results on relationship between polymer chain architecture and morphology of microdomains of asymmetric linear triblock copolymers, S1BS2 (S: polystyrene; B: polybutadiene). For this purpose, we synthesized various asymmetric triblock copolymers having different lengths of two end-blocks. The morphology was examined by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Although total molecular weight, composition, and thermal annealing temperature were kept constant, the morphology was found to change with a degree of chain asymmetry. One typical example exhibits a morphological change as cylinder → lamella → cylinder with a decrease in length of the shorter S2 end-block chains, while keeping the total molecular weight and the total polystyrene composition constant. This curious morphological behavior exhibiting a re-entrant type change is qualitatively in accord with the self-consistent field theory (SCFT) results by Matsen [J. Chem. Phys. 2000, 113, 55...


Genetic testing in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and subsequent molecular biomarker guided therapy is societally cost-effective compared to a chemotherapy treatment approach without molecular testing.


In the decade leading up to the bicentenary of Spanish American independence, Mario Rodriguez's most recent book comes as a welcome addition to our knowledge of that period. With this work, he makes several important contributions to the study of the Venezuelan First Republic, its major figures and its intellectual life in general. Rodriguez's controversial thesis asserts that the famous British economist and utilitarian philosopher James Mill, writing pseudonymously as "William Burke," was the true author of two major pamphlets which appeared in London in 1807 and 1,808 and set forth the case for Spanish American Independence. Rodriguez argues that Mill, in collaboration with Francisco de Miranda, constructed the intellectual arguments which dominated the early years of the Venezuelan independence movement and was the true progenitor of the Western hemisphere idea usually attributed to Simon Bolivar. After 1810, "William Burke" crossed the Atlantic, in spirit if not exactly in body, and lent his name to a series of articles in the Gazeta de Caracas. Rodriguez suggests that after 1810, various persons in Venezuela hijacked Burke's name, hispanicized Mill's articles that Miranda had brought over with him, and continued the intellectual legacy of the cranky English writer; American "William Burkes" included: Juan German Roscio, Miguel Jose Sanz and Francisco Javier Uztariz. Obviously, Rodriguez has undertaken a difficult task, the identification of a pseudonymous author, and his long quest has ended with mixed results. The book is most successful in its treatment of Francisco de Miranda's life and activities during this period, but less convincing in its discussion of William Burke himself, particularly in later sections when the emphasis shifts to Burke's American activities. As a result, Rodriguez falls short of convincing the reader that James Mill and William Burke were indeed the same person, although their shared intellectual orientation is beyond a doubt.


Kiliwa is the sole member in the most divergent branch of the endangered Yuman family. In Baja California, Mexico (henceforth Baja), there may be only four speakers left, one in Ensenada, another at the Arroyo León, 70 and 150 miles from the international border, respectively. The Arroyo's Lower Sonoran desert ravines empty from the Sierra San Pedro Mártir foothills into the Valle de la Trinidad. Two more speakers live at Santa Catarina, an ex-mission on the Llano del Álamo, an Upper Sonoran plateau north of the Valle; farther up, is the Sierra Juárez (Gerhard & Gulick 1967; Mares 1999; Miller & Baxter 1974; Mixco 1983a, 2006; Robinson 1972).1 Classifications of Yuman and Cochimí in an unverified Hokan stock are now discounted. Yet, there was a Cochimí-Yuman family. The Cochimí once roamed south of the Kiliwa in 380 miles of deserts down to the top of Baja's last quarter (Campbell 1997; Del Barco 1973; Haas 1964; Hinton & Owen 1957; Langdon 1974; Mixco 1976, 1978, 1991, 1997a, 1997b, 2006).


In a cutaneous area which has been completely denervated by section of all the nerve fibres distributed to it, i.e. an area in which there is no overlapping or accessory supply of uncut nerve-fibres and in which sufficient time has elapsed for regeneration of the cut nerves to take place, those fibres which subserve pain are permanently hypersensitive and confer a disagreeable character upon any sensation evoked by mechanical stimuli. The ordinary sensation of touch is not properly appreciated, being obscured by this hypersensitiveness to pain. A stimulation such as would produce a pleasant sensation of tickling on a normal cutaneous surface causes an unpleasant sensation of tingling over the denervated area. If the blunt point of a heated or cooled metal rod is allowed to come in contact with the area, the warm or cold feeling is complicated by the concomitant disagreeable sensation caused by contact of the rod with the skin. But if the rod is not allowed to touch the skin, the sensations of warmth or cold are felt without such concomitant disagreeable sensation.

Stated briefly, the following is the permanent condition of the original denervated area, as tested three years after section of the nerve supplying the area:—

The sensation of touch is abolished or is at any rate obscured by a concomitant sensation of pain.

Appreciation of warmth and cold has returned but in a somewhat diminished degree as compared with a normal area.

Sensation of pain is increased over the originally denervated area as compared with that felt over a normal area.

Trophic conditions are less favourable than in parts where the nerve-supply has not been interfered with.


We investigate the effects of electron and acoustic phonon confinements on the low-field electron mobility of thin, gated, square silicon nanowires (SiNWs), surrounded by SiO2. We employ a self-consistent Poisson–Schrodinger–Monte Carlo solver that accounts for scattering due to acoustic phonons (confined and bulk), intervalley phonons, and the Si/SiO2 surface roughness. The wires considered have cross sections between 3×3 and 8×8 nm2. For larger wires, the dependence of the mobility on the transverse field from the gate is pronounced, as expected. At low transverse fields, where phonon scattering dominates, scattering from confined acoustic phonons results in about a 10% decrease in the mobility with respect to the bulk phonon approximation. As the wire cross section decreases, the electron mobility drops because the detrimental increase in both electron-acoustic phonon and electron-surface roughness scattering rates overshadows the beneficial volume inversion and subband modulation. For wires thinner th...


Objective: This study examined the effectiveness of specialized small motor games for improvement of dynamic balance in Flexible Flat Feet (FFF).

Method and Materials: Ten healthy female school children (10 - 12 yrs), who have FFF, participated in the study. A specialized small motor games exercise program was designed using the main elements of the tradition rehabilitative methods to improve dynamic balance. The duration of the exercise program was 12 weeks using a diverse set of games each week. Children performed 3 exercise sessions per week which consisted of 45 minutes and included warm up exercises, small motor games and a cool down period.

Results: The T test analysis of pre and post exercise participation for the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) showed a significant improvement in FFF dynamic balance (P < 0.05). Improvement has been shown in the dynamic balance for both feet (P < 0.05) in different foot sides. The improved dynamic balance for the right foot sides were the lateral and posterior lateral and for the left foot were anterior, later posterior, medial posterior and medial sides (P < 0.05).

Conclusions: The results of this study indicate the effectiveness of specialized small motor games for the improvement of dynamic balance in the FFF condition.


(57) Abstract: The present invention relates to useful methods and materials for controlling cutworm. In one preferred embodiment, using a Cry1Fa protein for the control of black cutworm.


The Chinese mathematicians Heping Zhang and Fuji Zhang conceived a combinatorial polynomial associated with benzenoid molecules. This "Zhang–Zhang polynomial" contains information on the Kekulé structure count (K), Clar structure count (C), Clar number (Cl), Hosoya-Yamaguchi sextet polynomial σ(B, x), and several other important characteristics of the underlying benzenoid molecule. We show how one can easily calculate the Zhang-Zhang polynomial, and thus arrive at an algorithm for simultaneous computation of K, C, Cl, and σ(B, x). Some applications of this algorithm are pointed out.


Many of the lives saved by advances in medical science are doomed to psychological invalidism-which could be minimized by sound psychological preparation. A classic example of this dilemma is the increasing evidence for a major psychogcnm factor in diabetic impotence. I The alternative path-of withholding all or part of the information about unpleasant possibilities-is likewise fraught with difficulty. When patients become aware that information has


The increasing rural poverty has motivated the fisher folk community to develop coping strategies to mitigate the accompanied risks and challenges. One such strategy is establishment of fisher folk projects. However, though an economic and survival strategy, it has associated challenges such as substance abuse among the projects' stakeholders. Although there exists a certain body of knowledge regarding substance abuse among different communities, studies on how substance abuse influences community projects are limited. This study is aimed to establish factors influencing substance abuse among fisher folk projects in Homa-Bay County, Mbita Constituency.The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. The total target population was 1,604 stakeholders of fisher folk projects in Mbita Constituency. The population was stratified into 4 categories along which projects were formed. A sample size of 310 projects' stakeholders was selected from the target population. Data was collected through administration of questionnaires and Schedule interviews. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze data collected using SPSS package.


Objective To investigate the chemical constituents of gorgonian Muricella abnormalis.Methods Column chromatography on silica gel and Sephadex LH-20,and semi-preparative HPLC were used to isolate and purify the compounds.The structures of compounds were identified by spectroscopic analysis including NMR and MS,and by comparison with the data of literature.The bioactivities of the isolated compounds were evaluated with brine shrimp lethality and zebrafish toxicity models.Results Six compounds were isolated from gorgonian M.abnormalis and their structures were identified as 1-formyl-4-methyl-7-isopropylazulene (1),3-guaiazulenecarbaldehyde(2),ketolactone(3),cholesterol(4),chimyl alcohol(5),and n-octodecyl alcohol(6).Conclusion Compound 2 was a new natural compound,and the other compounds were obtained from the species M.abnormalis for the first time.Compound 2 exhibited high brine shrimp lethality and strong zebrafish embryo toxicity.


There is provided a plurality of channel signals to apparatus and method for encoding and decoding based on the phase information and the one or more residual signals.


Received: January 25, 2022 Revised: February 8, 2022 Accepted: February 8, 2022 Edited by Jin-Hyeob Kwak, Jeonbuk National University, Korea ORCID Hyun-Jin Park https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2642-5723 Woo-Jung Choi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2009-8207 Random forest models (RFM) are useful in predicting the soil carbon (C) contents because RFM predicts soil C with high accuracy under complicated environmental conditions. However, there are very few studies on prediction of soil C using RFM in Korea. Moreover, there is no case study using RFM to predict soil C content of reclaimed tideland (RTL) soils, which have high C sequestration capacity. Therefore, in this study, the applicability of RFM was evaluated using published soil properties data, including soil C and soil variables, for RTL soils located in southwestern coastal areas of Korea. In the present study, RFM was built using the data of 16 variables (e.g., sand, silt, and clay contents, pH, electrical conductivity of saturated soil paste (ECe), and nutrient concentrations) obtained from five RTLs with similar climate, topography, and vegetation. The 80% of the total data were trained to build the model, and searched optimal hyper parameters were used to improve accuracy. The determination coefficient (R2) of the model was 0.67, and the difference between measured and predicted soil C content was 25.9% on average. However, when the measured values were out of the range of the data trained for building the model or the measured values were close to the minimum or maximum value, the difference between the predicted and measured values became larger (73.9%). The contribution of the independent variables to the prediction of soil C using the model was the greatest (14.9%) for soil NH4 + concentrations. Meanwhile, the contribution of ECe, which was highly correlated with soil C content, was not detected, suggesting that the importance of the number and range of training data used to build model. Our study shows the possible application of RFM to predict soil C contents of RTL soils in Korea, and further highlights that a large amount of data should be accumulated for high accuracy prediction of soil C using RFM.


The luminosities of the bulge and disk components of disk galaxies are analyzed, and the possible correlation of these luminosities with morphological type and local density is explored. Galaxies of different types are found to be located in distinct bands in the bulge-to-disk luminosity ratio vs total luminosity diagram, allowing the determination of the typical bulge luminosity function of disk galaxies of different types from their respective total luminosity functions, along with a better characterization of morphological segregation among disk galaxies. No evidence for any bulge luminosity segregation is found, and disks appear to be less luminous with increasing local density. 33 refs.


Examples of military patriotism on the battlefields are considered in detail in the literature, and much less attention is paid to the study of the patriotism of the civilian population. The object of research is literary and archival sources describing the life of nobles during the War of 1812. The subject of study and classification is the manifestation of patriotism of representatives of the nobility in the period under review. The paper provides a comprehensive assessment of various sources devoted to the manifestation of patriotic feelings of the nobility. A critical analysis and comparison of historical documents and their assessments made by scientists has been carried out. The peculiarities of the manifestation of patriotism of representatives of the noble class, taking into account age and gender groups: men, women, children, are shown. The ways of manifestation of secular and religious patriotism are considered.   The models of patriotic behavior characteristic of nobles are singled out and described, which is the novelty of this study. The main strategies of behavior are: 1) participation in hostilities as part of military units organized from their serfs; 2) donations to the front in cash and in kind; 3) support for male defenders of the Motherland; 4) indirect participation in patriotic events; 5) personal participation, consisting in interaction with the wounded, orphans and other groups of the population, suffered during the war. The implementation of various patriotic behavioral strategies is shown by the example of specific historical figures: Nadezhda Durova, Margarita Tuchkova, the Konovnitsyn family, the Rayevsky family.


The synchronous condenser (SC) was tested in this study to improve performance of the power transmission in the South Sulawesi Electric Power System model, in Indonesia, a multi-engine power system, using a hybrid of particle swarm optimization (PSO) and pattern search (PS) algorithms. This method employs MATLAB and DigSILENT, which is linked by an automated data exchange protocol. Power flow calculations are performed using DigSILENT, and the particle swarm pattern search optimization (PSPSO) algorithm is implemented using MATLAB. This method has been shown through power flow calculation to minimize losses on the transmission line and enhance voltage profile, ensuring power grid stability.


Significance
 The complex interface between plastics and energy use should sustain traditional plastics demand. While disruptive technologies exist and are being developed, their emergence at scale will be slow.

 Impacts
 Plastic pollution on land and at sea will continue to rise.
 While the bioplastics sector is expected to grow, it faces long-term constraints regarding the availability of sustainable bio-feedstocks.
 Ecodesign rules and recycling targets will raise recycling, primarily in developed nations, but new plastics output will be little affected.
 Significantly higher circularity depends on the wide-scale adoption of new polymers that can be recycled without a loss of quality.


On the electro-static separation, little was known about the behavior of a mineral particle fed in the electric field, because of the combined effects of so much factors , for instance, conductivity, interfacial resistivity, dielectric constant, shape and size of the mineral particle . An attempt to make clear the behavior of a mineral particle in the electric field has been theoretically made by simplification of phenomena. On the results of the analysis, the field intensity, the total charge on the mineral particle contacted with an electrode and the electric force on the particle are culculated, assuming that the particle is a spherical conductor, and consequently with the physical analysis on the grounded roll surface the distance to which the particle is repelled can be determined .


In order to promote the students' extracurricular sports activities,by using the literature method,questionnaire,and statistical analysis method,an investigation analysis is carried out for the student' training time,sport motivation,selected events,and the factors that affect the extracurricular sports activities,the results show that the form of activities is single,however the motivation is not single,it is a multi-level form combined internal and external university with entertainment and competition;the students' attitudes are positive,the subjective understanding is correct,however the female students' enthusiasm is worse than male students' enthusiasm.It is recommended that organize students' favorite entertainment activities and games,make full use of positive field and arouse the students' physical exercise,especially organize the female students' activities to develop good habits,the university should strengthen the physical capital investment,improve the field(Museum) facilities,add equipment,and build a good campus sports atmosphere.


This article discusses Fodor's demonstration of the impossibility of acquiring more powerful structures. Fodor's extreme functionalism is shown to be unwarranted insofar as it leads to a categorical exclusion of the structural processes involved in cognitive development. An explicit consideration of these processes indicates the possibility of more powerful structures, emerging through self-organization in a way that is distinct from the combinatorial mechanisms which are invoked by Fodor. This point is illustrated by means of a simple example involving an inductive neural network with emergent structural properties. Consequently, it is argued that the possibility of acquiring more powerful structures through self-organization is a plausible alternative to nativism.


In this article we describe the deformation theory of sandwiched singularities in terms of 6-constant deformations of plane curves, and a divisor of points on it. This leads to an immediate understanding of the smoothings of sandwiched singularities in terms of pictures: certain configurations of points and curves with only d-fold points in the plane. The topology of a smoothing can be described completely in terms of the associated picture. Introduction A sandwiched singularity is, by definition, a normal surface singularity which admits a birational map to ( C 2 , 0). They therefore belong to the simplest class of rational surface singularities. A surprisingly large number of geometerically relevant singularities are sandwiched, for example cyclic quotient singularities, or more generally rational singularities with reduced fundamental cycle. Sandwiched singularities were studied by various authors like Zariski [35], Lipman [22], Hironaka [13] and Spivakovsky [28], who also seems to have invented the name. In this article we study deformations of sandwiched singularities. Our main result is a geometric interpretation of deformations of sandwiched singularities, the picture method, which we will describe now. Let Z be obtained from Z = (C 2 ,0) by a finite sequence of blow-ups. Any sandwiched singularity can be obtained from some Z by blowing down the non ( -1) curves. Any Z as above can be obtained as the total space of a (not necessarily minimal) embedded resolution of a plane curve singularity C. We therefore can assign to every sandwiched singularity a so-called decorated curve (C, l). Here lis a function, assigning to each branch Ci of C a number l( i) which expresses how non-minimal the embedded resolution of Cis. For a precise definition, see (1.3). Conversely, any decorated curve (C,l) gives rise to a sandwiched singularity X(C,l). A representation of a singularity X as an X( C, l) we call a sandwiched representation. A sandwiched representation is not given naturally, and in fact, it usually happens that there are many different ways to get a sandwiched representation for a given singularity. We can interprete the function l as defining a subscheme of length Z( i) on the normalisation of each branch Ci of C. We define the notion of one-parameter deformation


Three Aspergillus species; A. japonicus 246A, A. tamarii 3 and Aspergillus sp. GM4, were previously selected and had their ability to produce tannase tested in Adams, Czapeck, Khanna, M5 and Vogel culture medium for enzyme production. Aspergillus sp. GM4 and Adams medium were selected to perform this study. Tannase production was tested with different inducers. The highest induction ratio was in the presence of 2% tannic acid and 1% methyl gallate. The Plackett-Burman screening design was used and MgSO4 and agitation rate were selected for the complete factorial. The Central Composite Rotatable Design allows an increase of 2.66-fold in the enzyme production and reduced the costs of the medium production. The purification process of tannase from Aspergillus sp. GM4 was performed with filtration using 100 kDa molecular mass cut-off membrane and gel-filtration chromatography using Sephacryl S-200. The results showed 29% enzyme yield and 29-fold purification in the first step, while in the second step 3.5% enzyme yield and 33-fold purification was obtained. The native molecular mass was estimated by gelfiltration chromatography and resulted in a protein molecular mass of approximately 162 kDa. Aspergillus sp. GM4 tannase presented optimum temperature at 40°C and optimum pH at 6.0. The enzyme retained activity in pH 3.0-8.0 and the thermostability assay showed enzyme activity up to 80 °C, but after 30 min it was inactivated. Tannase was stable in the presence of compounds traditionally reported as inhibitors of the enzyme activity, such as βMercaptoethanol, EDTA and different metal ions, such as Pb and Ba.


Magnetic logic (ML) is considered a feasible alternative to the current CMOS technology, which is constantly shrinking in size to accommodate more circuitry in a chip. In ML, the magnetic domains are considered to render logic levels instead of electric charge used in CMOS based digital circuits. The spins in single domain magnetic dots are used to represent logic levels and magnetic coupling between neighboring dots is employed to realize the computational output. The ML design involves arranging dots along ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic ordering to achieve a desired digital output. The optimum dimensions with shape of the dots, spacing between the dots, and few primitive digital gates were extensively studied in the past. In this paper, magnetic dots were arranged to exhibit carry ripple based full adder circuits. One bit and two bit full adder circuit was designed in an open source micromagnetic simulator and transient energy profile is used to propose footprint, delay and energy models for ML based higher order adder subsystems. The proposed ML based adder circuit was compared with other CMOS technology related adder circuits. The proposed model offers insights to design a large ML based digital system.


Encapsulation of nodal segments was successfully developed for pointed gourd towards the formation of artificial seed with sodium alginate. Encapsulated nodal segments (artificial seed) were cultured in MS basal medium containing different concentrations and combinations of BAP and NAA to induce germination and shoot proliferation. Highest (95%) shoot formation was obtained in MS + 1.0 mg/l BAP followed by MS + 0.5 mg/l BAP. The encapsulated nodal segments also regenerated in vitro on different substrates. Frequency of plantlet formation was low on these substrates compared to plantlet development on MS media. Among these substrates, the percentage of plantlet formation was better on moist cotton (42%) followed by filter paper (35%). The hardened plants were transferred successfully to soil in the earthen pots. The protocol for encapsulating the nodal segments for the production of artificial seeds and their subsequent regeneration is a new area of research to develop in vitro conservation strategies for pointed gourd.


Source azimuth can be estimated via the complex sound intensity method based on a single vector hydrophone, which exploits the physical properties of acoustic pressure and particle velocity components. Deep learning has been successfully used to estimate source depth and distance via training and prediction; herein it is adapted to estimate the source azimuth by analyzing the sound fields provided by a single vector hydrophone. This study compares the estimation results of the two abovementioned approaches that applied to the data due to a moving ship circling around a moored vector hydrophone. Preliminary results demonstrate that these two approaches generally agree; however their accuracies are unsatisfactory because of a low signal-to-noise ratio and strong interference. To increase the estimation accuracy, herein, cross-spectral processing of input data is used for deep learning. The proposed deep-learning method with appropriate input data can effectively suppress interference and accurately estimate source azimuth.


ABSTRACT In comparison with many remote parts of the Earth, the watershed Sibinacocha Lake is poorly studied region and the various types of life that habit this region are highly dependent on the waters of this glaciated basin. The present study evaluates the snow cover in this basin associated with changes in air temperatures and precipitation during the period 1984 to 2019. It used the ERA5 high-resolution reanalysis data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) and 35 images from the Landsat satellite. The results showed a statistically significant positive trend in maximum air temperatures whose signal is in agreement with previous studies. Seasonal analysis of maximum temperatures showed positive trends in all seasons, indicating that the highest trends occur during winter and the lowest trends during the southern fall. In addition, there was a 26% decrease in snow cover in general in the basin, and it was evidenced that the greater decreases (53%, approximately) occurred in regions below the altitude of 5300 m. In fact, from this contribution of the study comes the need to carry out more research in this region, especially to support decisions covering agriculture, water resources management and biodiversity studies.


The Rayleigh conjecture on the representation of the scattered field in the exterior of an obstacle D is widely used in applications. However this conjecture is false for some obstacles. AGR introduced the Modified Rayleigh Conjecture (MRC). In this paper we present a version of the MRC based on an optimal choice of sources. The method is implemented and tested for various 2D and 3D obstacles including a triangle, a cube, and ellipsoids. The MRC method is easy to implement for both simple and complex geometries. It is shown to be a viable alternative to other obstacle scattering methods.


Objective:To investigate the effective of transfer factor combined with Tretinoin Ointment in the treatment of verruca plana.Methods:80 cases with verruca plana were divided into the boservation group and the control group.The control group received the treatment of normal therapeutic measure,and the boservation group received the treatment of transfer factor combined with Tretinoin Ointment.Results:The total effective rate was 92.50% in the boservation group and 75.00% in the control group,there was significant difference(P0.05).All of patients were followed-up and the follow-up rate was 100%.The recurrence rate was 5.00% in the boservation group and 20.00% in the control group,there was significant difference(P0.05).The two groups had no obvious adverse reaction.Conclusion:Transfer factor combined with Tretinoin Ointment in the treatment of verruca plana has significant effect and less adverse reaction,it should be applied.


factions may accrue to the individual and to society" (p. 12), and has found the functions of the secondary school to be pretty well summed up in the terms "knowledge," "techniques," and "appreciations," he gives up the analysis. The other determinants of method are either less thoroughly considered or not considered at all. The book, in the main, consists of chapters on classroom management, pupil discipline, the recitation, the lecture method, the problem method, the project method, the socialized recitation, supervised study, education for appreciation, and evaluation. The recitation is dealt with under the time-honored topics of lesson planning, the assignment, the review, and verbal and concrete illustration. The exposition on the recitation is somewhat didactic and perfunctory, but still it is of a sort to be generally regarded as good sense. A case is made for lecturing to high-school classes so long as the lectures are not like those of college professors. The problem method and the project method are carefully differentiated with more regard for a precise use of pedagogical terms than educators often show. The treatments of the socialization of the recitation and supervised study follow what seem to be the best advices on these subjects. The chapter on education for appreciation makes especially good reading and clearly represents one of the author's special interests. The section on evaluation is brief but adequate for giving elementary notions about present-day modes of measurement and objective testing. The chapters are all provided with selected bibliographies and questions, the latter being pretty much a quizzing on the book content.


The article gives practical recommendations on the composition of the main part of the court sentence, which allow to develop skills of presenting the facts of the case and relevant evidence explicitly and precisely.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a GUI capable of selective an object without using a click button and with low mis-operation rate. SOLUTION: When a user selects a upper scroll button 20, an operation to press a pointer 21 on the button 20 is performed. When the pointer 32 is moved and comes in contact with the button 20, the button 20 is crushed to a dot outer frame side by four dots, and the movable range of the pointer 32 is increased by four dots. After that, when the pointer 32 is further moved to a button 20 side by the user and comes in contact with the button 20, the button 20 is crushed by four dots, and an operation to increase the movable range by four dots is repeated. Finally, when the count value of such operation exceeds a regulated value 3, an event representing the depression of the button 20 is delivered to an application side, and an application performs the scroll processing of a display area. COPYRIGHT: (C)1997,JPO


The optic-fiber sensor for measuring steam quality has been made out based on the principle of refractivity modulation. It is made up of optic head, conduct optic fiber, light source, detector and electric circuits. Reflectivity on the boundary between optic head and two-phase steam flow can be determined by refractivity of both sides of the boundary. Intensity of reflected light on the boundary is related to the ratio of water and steam. Provided we know the value of temperature or pressure of the two-phase flow, densities of water and vapor can be known and steam quality can be converted from the volume ratio of water and steam. The measuring range of steam quality is 0-100%, and the accuracy is decided by the level of steam quality measured and by resolution power of the sensor. The resolution and sensitivity of the sensor can be tested with two sorts of liquid of known refractive index. Meanwhile, the stability of output of the sensor is also approved. The sensor has been successfully used in measurement of steam quality in a steam-injection oil well with temperature of 270°C and pressure of 8MPa. The measuring result of steam quality tallies with the actual situation.


Many fields of artificial intelligence have been developed such as computational intelligence and machine learning involving neural networks, fuzzy systems, genetic algorithms, intelligent agents and Support Vector Machines (SVM). SVM is a machine learning methodology with great results in image classification. In this paper, we present the potential of SVMs to automatically extract buildings in suburban area using Very High Resolution Satellite (VHRS) images. To achieve this goal, we use object based approach: Segmentation before classification in order to create meaningful image objects using color features. In the first step, we form objects with the aid of mean shift clustering algorithm. Then, SVM classifier was used to extract buildings. The proposed method has been applied on a suburban area in Tetuan city (Morocco) and 83.76% of existing buildings have been extracted by only using color features. This result can be improved by adding other features (e.g., spectral, texture, morphology and context).


Many writers on FM stress the importance of the role FM should take in enhancing business performance. So far, the idea that FM itself is essentially strategic in nature, rather than operational, has not been widely accepted by senior management. Different writers take different approaches to this and there is no lack of ideas on how FM can be linked to business performance. This paper argues that the key issue is to help organizations increase the value gained from their use of the space that facilities provide. For the FM industry to significantly change the role it performs for clients and become a strategic rather than operational function will require a long-term approach using four approaches to value-adding for clients. This would be a major change in direction, both for the industry and the perception of FM by clients.


Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) as the reemerging disease which first discovered on December 2019 in Wuhan, China. World Health Organization (WHO) has designated COVID-19 as a global pandemic on March 11th, 2020. Covid-19 is related with the climate change which influences the environment of life cycle of SARS-CoV2 vector. With there are no drug of choice for Covid-19 until this time, giving vaccination is one of the strategy of prevention to break the transmission and reduce the number of cases. Vaccination can trigger immunity by forming antibodies and protect the individual from antigen which came in to host and can be a marker for future vaccine for disease relates unpredicted climate change. This paper reviews several laboratory methods that can be used to detect antibodies such as Lateral Flow Immunoassay (LFIA), Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and Electro-Chemiluminescence Immunoassay (ECLIA) and see their ability to protect individuals from COVID-19 after vaccination using neutralization test such as Plaque Reduction Neutralization Test (PNRT) or Surrogate Reduction Neutralization Test (sRNT). The benefit of this reviews is to understand the optimal methods to measure and detect antibody and to improve vaccine development strategy for the disease relate with unpredicted climate change in the future based on antibodies seroconversion and seroprotection.


Environmentscanbestructuredtoreducesolarultravioletradiation(UV)exposuretopreventskincancer.Apro- spective randomized trial is being conducted to test whether introducing shade sails in passive recreation areas (PRAs) in public parks will increase use and decrease UV exposure in the shaded compared to unshaded PRAs. Shade effects will be compared between Melbourne, Australia and Denver, USA. The trial enrolled 145 public parks with PRAs suitable for shade construction and randomized parks to intervention or control in a 1:3 ratio. Use of PRAs and UV levels were recorded at each park by trained observers during 30-minute periods on four weekend days in each of two summers (pretest and posttest). Shade sails were constructed between the sum- mers. Given low numbers of users at pretest, the outcome measure was modi fi ed to use of the PRA (use vs. no use) and unit of analysis to the individual observation. Observations (n = 580) occurred on average 29 days from the summer solstice and 55 min from solar noon in warm weather (mean = 26.2 °C) with some cloud cover but only slight or no wind. Typically, PRAs had benches and picnic tables and were located near playgrounds. PRAs were in use during 13.3% of observations (mean = 0.41 users). UV over 30-minutes at the PRA boundary (mean = 3.2 standard erythemal dose [SED]) and center (mean = 3.3 SED) was high. Shade for skin cancer prevention has been understudied. This study will address this gap by determining whether purpose-built shade structures promote greater use of shaded areas within public parks. © 2017 Published by Elsevier Inc. Keywords:


Ibrutinib (Imbruvica®, also known as PCI-32765) is a first-in-class, irreversible small-molecule inhibitor of Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase (BTK) that binds covalently to cysteine C481 within the ATP-binding pocket. Since BTK is a Tec family non-receptor tyrosine kinase that is specifically required for B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) signaling, ibrutinib was initially developed for the treatment of B-cell malignancies. Currently, it is approved for first-line treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and for the treatment of mantle-cell lymphoma and Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia patients that have received at least one previous therapy.

However, BTK is also involved in signaling pathways downstream of many other receptors and its expression is not restricted to B cells. In fact, it is expressed in all hematopoietic lineages with the exception of T lymphocytes. Taking advantage of this aspect of BTK biology, some groups, including ours, have exploited the utility of inhibiting BTK in different cell types other than B cells. In particular, we validated the critical role of BTK for mast cell degranulation in mouse models of pancreatic cancer, namely insulinoma [1] and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) [2]. Ibrutinib was effective in both scenarios, leading to vasculature collapse and tumor regression in insulinoma and to a potent and unexpected anti- fibrotic effect in PDAC, where it synergized with standard of care chemotherapy to extend mice survival. This latter observation suggests that the anti- fibrotic activity of ibrutinib could be beneficial also for the treatment of other fibrotic diseases, an aspect that deserves further studies. More recently, Gunderson and colleagues contributed to the understanding of ibrutinib therapeutic impact in PDAC by describing how BTK regulates B-cell and macrophage-mediated T-cell suppression and demonstrating that ibrutinib restores T-cell dependent anti-tumor responses and triggers growth inhibition [3]. These studies combined led to the initiation of a phase 2/3 clinical trial for the use of ibrutinib in combination with nab- paclitaxel and gemcitabine in metastatic PDAC.

Importantly, emerging data obtained from various mouse models of cancer suggests that beneficial use of ibrutinib could extend beyond pancreatic cancer to other solid tumors. For example, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) express BTK and are present in the stroma of many different tumors, causing immunosuppression and evasion of anti-tumor immune responses. Consistently, treatment of breast cancer and melanoma mouse models with ibrutinib reduced the number of MDSCs in the spleen and the tumor, and combination therapy with anti-PD-L1 resulted in reduced mammary tumor growth [4]. Moreover, synergy of ibrutinib with immune checkpoint blockade has also been reported in mouse models of lymphoma, breast and colon cancer, but in a BTK-independent manner [5]. In this case, suppression of tumor growth was due to inhibition of the interleukin-2–inducible T-cell kinase (ITK), an enzyme required by Th2 T cells, allowing a shift of T-cell immune responses to a Th1 bias. However, off-target (BTK-independent) effects of ibrutinib are not limited to ITK, since its inhibitory activity affects several other kinases including Tec, EGFR, HER2, HER3, HER4, JAK3, Blk, Fgr, Hck, Lck, Yes/YES1, Bmx/Etk and Txk. While this lack of selectivity could explain some of its side effects, it could be exploited for the treatment of tumors without BTK dependency. Indeed, two recent reports exemplify this approach by showing promising in vitro data against EGFR-mutant or overexpressed non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) [6] and HER2-positive breast cancer.

Finally, expression of BTK variants was found in cancer cells of breast, prostate [7] and colon tumors [8]. In all cases, its downregulation by RNAi or its inhibition by pharmacological means, including ibrutinib, leads to impaired proliferation and/or cell death.

All these findings broaden the spectrum of tumor types potentially susceptible to treatment with ibrutinib. Its use against solid tumors, alone or in combination with standard therapies or novel immune-based approaches, is increasingly becoming a clinically viable option. Indeed, a number of clinical trials are already underway for the treatment of different solid tumor types, such as EGFR mutant NSCLC (http://ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02321540), refractory stage IV cutaneous melanoma (NCT02581930), metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma (NCT02562898 and NCT02436668), localized prostate cancer (NCT02643667), advanced gastrointestinal and genitourinary tumors (NCT02599324), advanced carcinoid and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NCT02575300) and other relapsed or refractory solid tumors including lung and breast (NCT02403271). Results of these trials will shed light on the applicability of ibrutinib in human patients beyond hematological malignancies and quickly open the way to new immediate clinical applications. Nevertheless, further work will be needed in order to establish, for every tumor type, the contribution of BTK-related responses versus inhibition of other kinases, either in tumor cells themselves or in the tumor stroma.

Ibrutinib constitutes a prime example of therapeutic switching, but there are likely many other drugs already in clinical use that are candidates for repositioning, and could offer new, safe and easily-implementable opportunities for cancer patients.


Behavioral finance has emerged as a new paradigm in the financial economics discipline as an alternative to traditional finance in the 1980s. Behavioral Finance is a sub-field of a wider field called Behavioural Economics. Neoclassical economics has dominated modern economic theory since 1970s. Like any theory, standard economics and standard Finance make certain assumptions. One of the most common assumptions is that markets are perfect which means that there are no transaction costs, no taxes, economic agents have all the information which is freely available to everyone, no information asymmetry. Another very important assumption is rationality. And whenever people have to make decisions under uncertainty, they analyse the probabilistic outcome of various alternatives and select that alternative which maximizes their utility as proposed by expected utility theory. Or in other words, they look at the pros and cons of each possible alternative and choose the one which is best for them. But, the important questions are: "Are we rational?" "To what extent, the results predicted by these models are close to reality?" and "Do we actually make our decisions in accordance with Expected utility theory?'


A systematic study of the influence of plastic deformation and low temperature ageing on the carbon Dislocation - Enhanced Finkelshtain - Rosin Effect (DEFRE/C) in austenitic alloys of Fe-Ni, Fe-Ni-Mo, Fe-Mn-Al and Fe-Cr-Ni systems with different carbon content is reported. The experiments prove that after plastic deformation at room temperature the FR effect is transformed into DEFRE/C; with both phenomena occurring at the same temperature. The influence of plastic deformation, carbon and alloying elements concentration on DEFRE/C in deformed austenitic steels is reported.


The circular polarization of atomic transitions after the interaction of fast nitrogen ions with a solid surface at grazing incidence is investigated at energies for the incident ions from 0.4 up to 15 MeV. Large degrees of circular polarization in the visible part of the spectrum are found so that the application of this technique for producing nuclear spin polarized ions is feasible.


With Liaoning province as an example,empirical research was conducted, and the linear and nonlinear regression analysis models were compared and investigated.The results showed that the analytical calculation outcome of nonlinear regression analysis model was more scientific and reasonable.


The conventional biodiesel production process using oleaginous yeast biomass often involves multiple energy intensive unit operations and processing steps that increase the overall cost and reduce the economic viability of the biodiesel product. Thus, this study attempts to design and optimize an in situ process for the direct conversion of lipids in disrupted wet biomass of oleaginous Pichia guilliermondii with an average total lipid content of 50 ± 2% [w/w, on dry cell weight (DCW) basis] to biodiesel, while bypassing important steps of biomass processing such as drying and lipid extraction. The in situ process involved applying sonication as an energy efficient cell disruption strategy that helped extract 44.5 ± 2.3% (w/w) neutral lipid on a dry cell weight (DCW) basis, using methanol-hexane as the most appropriate binary solvent system. Subsequently, the critical transesterification parameters such as biomass : methanol (w/v), catalyst concentration (v/v, %), reaction time and temperature that influence in situ biodiesel production were standardized. A maximum FAME (fatty acid methyl esters) yield of 92% (w/w of lipid), was achieved. This yield is comparable to that obtained by the ex-situ multistep transesterification process that requires approximately 7 h more than the in situ process, thereby resulting in greater productivity. The properties of the biodiesel product, as calculated from the FAME profile using empirical equations, conformed to the ASTM and CEN standards for it to qualify as an alternative to petro-diesel. Reports on direct transesterification of yeast biomass are scant. Thus, to the best of our knowledge, the developed in situ process integrating cell disruption, lipid extraction and transesterification is more energy efficient and productive as compared to those reported on yeast or algal feedstocks.


For several years the National Education Association has been encouraging schools to develop a new type of commencement program. These so-called vitalized commencements are built around the idea that the program should grow out of the work of the school, should be given primarily by the students who are finishing their courses, and should give the citizens of the community an insight into the life and activities of the school.


Considering that compression of a powder bed involves time dependent flow, it is reasonable to expect that this process would exhibit viscoelastic properties. To test this concept, an instrument was developed to measure stress relaxation of a powder bed under constant strain. Preliminary relaxation data obtained on several powders indicated correlation with physical properties of the compacts. Tests of factors known to influence tablet capping, hardness, and friability showed that these factors also had marked effect on relaxation data.


The J Integral of an elastic-plastic curved crack under quasi-static loads has been mainly worked in the paper,and the J Integral has been calculated as a practical application of a second order perturbation method and theorem of surname KA where the effect of quasi-static applied stresses and normal and shear stresses on the boundaries of plasticity area are synthetically taken into consideration.A regular pattern of variations of the J Integral of an elastic-plastic curved crack with the variations of curved crack shape parameters under different quasi-static loads has been mainly carried out.Continuity and unity of a elastic-plastic fracture and linear elastic fracture has been demonstrated from the viewpoint of the mechanical parameter of the curved crack tip J integral.The elastic-plastic slightly curved crack tip J integral has been calculated approximately,an integral loop having been reasonably selected and continuity and unity of the fracture characteristic of centre penetration straight line crack and curved crack have been demonstrated.


This paper introduces the electric power storage system for railway (E 3 Solution System) that functions as a battery post, paying attention to the secondary battery under remarkable development. The electric power storage consists of the DC/DC converter manufactured by Toyo Denki Seizo and large-size lithium-ion batteries developed by GS Yuasa that are capable of charging/ discharging large current rapidly and are compact and lightweight owing to the high energy density.


In a recent paper, De Baets et al. have characterized the fuzzytolerance and fuzzy equivalence relations that a given strict order relation iscompatible with. In this paper, we generalize this characterization by consideringan arbitrary (crisp) relation instead of a strict order relation, while payingattention to the particular cases of a reflexive or irreflexive relation. The reasoninglargely draws upon the notion of the clone relation of a (crisp) relation,introduced recently by Bouremel et al., and the partition of this clone relationin terms of three different types of pairs of clones. More specifi cally, reflexive related clones and irreflexive unrelated clones turn out to play a key role in thecharacterization of the fuzzy tolerance and fuzzy equivalence relations that agiven (crisp) relation is compatible with.


In this note, we are working within the category $\rmod$ of (unitary, left) $R$-modules, where $R$ is a {\bf countable} ring. It is well known (see e.g. Kie{\l}pi\'nski & Simson [5], Theorem 2.2) that the latter condition implies that the (left) pure global dimension of $R$ is at most 1. Given an infinite index set $A$, and a family $M_\al\in\rmod$, $\al\in A$ we are concerned with the conditions as to when the $R$-module $$\prod/\coprod=\prod_{\al\in A}M_\al/\bigoplus_{\al\in A}M_\al$$ is or is not algebraically compact. There are a number of special results regarding this question and this note is meant to be an addition to and a generalization of the set of these results. Whether the module in the title is algebraically compact or not depends on the numbers of algebraically compact and non-compact modules among the components $M_\al$.


At the Niederrhein the RWE Energie AG. Essen/Germany operates the browncoal-fired power plant Frimmersdorf. This plant consists of a total of 14 units with an output between 150 MW and 300 MW and a total installed capacity of 2,100 MW. Here, RWE Energie operates a district heat supply system since the sixties. However, the existing supply system is outdated and very susceptible to faults. Examinations resulted in the conclusion that a continuation of the existing district heating system is neither ecologically sensible nor economically accountable. A detailed investigation has shown however, that by developing additional district heat potentials and the replacement of the existing supply units by an efficient and compatible technology an environmentally safe and economical district heat supply can be constructed and operated.


This paper is concerned with polynomially generated submodules of the Hardy module H2(D∞ 2 ). Since the polynomial ring P∞ in infinitely many variables is not Noetherian, some standard tricks for finitely many variables fail to work. Therefore, we need to introduce new techniques to the situation of infinitely many variables. It is shown that some classical results of H2(Dn) remain valid for infinitely many variables. However, some new phenomena indicate that the Hardy module H2(D∞ 2 ) diverges considerably from the case in finitely many variables.


A new concept of microwave-photonic (MWP) fiber ring resonator is introduced and a method for sensitivity-enhanced sensing based on the system is proposed and experimentally demonstrated.


Abstract. We report a precise and stable laser beam positioning method with a high scanning speed by a pixelated binary grating (PBG) realized by a compact on-off state digital micromirror device (DMD). The overall procedure for PBG pattern generation is proposed, analyzed, and experimentally verified. The resulting performances correspond to an angular resolution of 0.01 deg and angular repeatability of   ±  2.54  ×  10  −  4  deg over a beam steering range of   ±  7.5  deg. The scanning speed of 40 deg/s is achieved in continuous scanning with a resolution of 0.01 deg. Arbitrary positions can be targeted in the scanning range with DMD's frame rate of 4000 Hz. To verify its applicability in precision metrology, absolute distances to multiple off-axial targets were determined in parallel with a high speed. This method will open a wider application of DMD in precision LIDARs, three-dimensional calibration of precision machines, and high-resolution laser patterning.


As power plants tighten their processes for reducing NO x emissions, the consequences usually show up in the quality of flyash. Several back-end ash-beneficiation technologies have proven effective at reducing unburned carbon in flyash to acceptable levels, but some of these technologies are costly. Integrating state-of-the-art combustion sensors and control technology often can reduce or eliminate the back-end cost and improve a plant's bottom line.


Appendicular diverticulitis is a low prevalence pathology, clinically and imagenologically indistinguishable from acute appendicitis. Its preoperative diagnosis is impossible making it a surgical finding. The treatment of choice is appendectomy due to its association with neoplasia, high risk of perforation and mortality. We completed a review of the state of art of this rare pathology and reported two cases of appendicular diverticulitis.


The effect of learning experience on the perceived graphemic similarity of Chinese characters was examined by comparing results of the constrained (Experiment 1) and unconstrained (Experiment 2) shape-sorting tasks obtained from various groups of participants with different learning experiences and ages. The results from hierarchical cluster analysis showed that both Taiwanese and Japanese undergraduates classified characters in relation to their configurational structures, whereas American undergraduates, Taiwanese illiterate adults, and kindergartners categorized characters based on strokes or components. Although a trend of developmental changes from local details to more globally defined patterns was found, the identification of structure as consistently perceived by skilled readers has to be nourished by learning experience and cannot be obtained solely through maturation.


Evidence suggests that amyloid β (Aβ) peptides play an important role in the degeneration of neurons during the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the prevalent cause of dementia affecting the elderly. The endosomal–lysosomal system, which acts as a major site for Aβ metabolism, has been shown to exhibit abnormalities in vulnerable neurons of the AD brain, reflected by enhanced levels/expression of lysosomal enzymes including cathepsin D (CatD). At present, the implication of CatD in selective neuronal vulnerability in AD pathology remains unclear.


Process variation is an increasingly dominant phenomenon affecting both power and performance in sub-100 nm technologies. Cost considerations often do not permit over-designing the power supply infrastructure for test mode, considering the worst-case scenario. Test application must not over-exercise the power supply grids, lest the tests will damage the device or lead to false test failures. The problem of debugging a delay test failure can therefore be highly complex. We argue that false delay test failures can be avoided by generating "safe" patterns that are tolerant to on-chip variations. A statistical framework for power-safe pattern generation is proposed, which uses process variation information, power grid topology and regional constraints on switching activity. Experimental results are provided on benchmark circuits to demonstrate the effectiveness of the framework.


The practice of health care often raises situations involving ethical conflict. Clinical bioethics as a discipline has developed exponentially over the last decades in response to a growing demand for complex moral dilemmas. In this article, the deliberative method is applied in the resolution of an ethical conflict in an obstetric patient. For the correct application of this method, it is necessary to carry out an adequate assessment of the patient, the deliberation on the values and the deliberation on the duties, in order to identify the optimal course of action. Consistency testing will ensure the convenience of choice.


Malaysia is classified among the world's leading producer and exporter of palm oil. A statistic recorded at 2016 indicates that the total oil palm planted area in Malaysia have reached 5.74 million hectares. In previous findings, the palm oil industry are linked together from upstream to downstream and consists of four sub-sectors which are growers, millers, refiners, and oleo chemicals. However, some organization has yet develop a tool to assess quality management practices in the upstream activity. Besides, the quality management practices implemented has not been so effective. There are various quality management practices that are currently being implemented in palm oil industry. This research attempts to identify the current quality management practices in palm oil upstream supply chain and to develop an instrument to produce quality palm oil in upstream sectors. This paper presents a systematic review on quality management practices in upstream sectors and the final selection comprehends 32 articles selected and comprehensively analyzed to assess quality management practices in upstream processes of palm oil supply chain and finally producing an oil palm quality management tool in the form of checklist.


Objective: This study aimed to explore the application value of high-resolution, susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) for the early diagnosis of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) with cerebral microbleed (CMB). Methods: A total of 50 patients highly suspected of CAA were enrolled in this study. Enhanced brain CTs indicated that the volume of CMB was smaller than 10 mm. Differences in image quality, the number of hemorrhagic foci detected, the distribution of the hemorrhages, and the amount of hemorrhage were compared between conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences and the SWI sequence, so as to assess the diagnostic value of SWI for CAA with CMB. Results: Compared with those of the conventional sequences, the SWI sequence showed a significantly higher qualified rate of image quality and number of hemorrhagic foci detected, as well as a larger amount of hemorrhage (P<0.05), but there was no difference in the distribution of hemorrhage (P>0.05). Conclusion: High-resolution SWI, which is highly sensitive to intracranial hemorrhage and even to micro-hemorrhagic foci, has high image quality in the early diagnosis of CAA with CMB, so it has a high diagnostic value and can become the first choice for the early diagnosis of CAA.


The invention relates to a novel measurement method for permeability coefficients in a rock rheological process. A shaft pressure loading system is connected with a shaft pressure room of a three-shaft pressure room; a confining pressure loading system is connected with a confining pressure room of the three-shaft pressure room; a seepage control system is connected with a liquid emission system; samples are in parallel connection with the seepage control system and the liquid emission system; a computer data acquisition system is connected with the shaft pressure loading system, the confining pressure loading system and the seepage control system respectively; the device further comprises an upper water storage tank and a lower water storage tank; and the upper water storage tank and the lower water storage tank are connected between the seepage control system and the liquid emission system respectively. The measurement method can measure the permeability coefficients in all phases of the rock rheological process under different confining pressures and different deviatoric stress levels. According to the comparison between experimental results of the permeability coefficients in various phases of the rock rheological process and other conventional test methods, the reliability and the effectiveness of the method can be estimated. Compared with the traditional measurement method, the method overcomes the defects of long test process and complex test operation, and has the advantages of short test process, simplicity and convenience in operation and the like.


This paper examines differences between the two most popular social networking sites (Facebook and MySpace) in terms of their usability and design heuristics. First, we discuss a brief history on social network websites that have dominated the Internet in popularity and then declined over time due to major setbacks or system design failures. Second, we discuss usability heuristics and how they can be incorporated to social network websites to improve their chances of success among users. Lastly, we present a study in which we have used an adapted usability questionnaire based on these usability heuristics. This usability questionnaire compares Facebook and MySpace by rating them across eight dimensions such as simplicity, usefulness, functionality, consistency, proficiency, satisfaction, behavior, and needs for improvement. There was a significant difference between both social networks, indicating that Facebook was rated the highest on usability over MySpace.


"Rather than walk along the Strand," Barry Anthony tells us, at the end of the 19th century "the comedian Dan Leno found it cheaper to take a cab from one end to the other", as on foot his progress was impeded by the desperate and the criminal, beggars and swindlers, on the look out for mugs who would give them some cash (p. 129). Today, you are far more likely to suffer from the intolerable traffic fumes belched out by the many cars and buses which make use of one of London's most important ...


Two different dried product samples (sheet, raisins) were produced from fresh husk tomato. Chemical analysis, minerals, Hunter color and volatile components were determined for both two dried samples. Results indicated a highly vit.C content(134.67mg/100g) in fresh fruit while in dried sample were (8.40mg/100g), maximum content of reducing sugars and fat in dried sheet sample (48.45 and 7.46 %) and high values of non-reducing sugars, total sugars, ash and fiber in raisins(31.14,71.81,7.95 and 20.04%) accompanied with higher levels of calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium and sodium. Drying process caused a reduction in lightness (L) values and increment in (a) values of redness and yellowness (b). Rehydration quality of raisins was improved and gave higher values of organoleptic characteristics than sheet samples. Methyl chavicol and cadinene (Gamma) were the two major volatile compounds found in fresh husk tomato fruits (54.1 and 14.75%). Many new volatile compounds were also found in the two dried products (sheet and raisins) where, Dill apiole compound was the main compound in sheet and raisins samples (64.1 and 66.6% ) and reached to 2/3 percent from all the other compounds.


Experiments in vitro have shown that brain tissue possesses mechanisms both for the formation and for the catabolism of histamine (White, 1959). Formation of 14C-histamine from 14C-histidine was demonstrated in brain tissue from cat, pig and dog and was highest in hypothalamus. Feline brain tissue also catalysed the catabolism of histamine, the major pathway being ring-N methylation of histamine. The present investigation was undertaken to find out whether these reactions, which are schematized in Fig. 1, also occur in the cat brain in vivo. The same isotope dilution technique was used as in the earlier in vitro experiments. This technique permits the use of low, probably pharmacologically inactive, concentrations of the radioactive substances, and provides information as to the relative importance of the reactions by which histamine is metabolized. The method does not give absolute values for the tissue content of histamine nor of its metabolites.


A series of entangled metal–organic polymers, namely [Co(bcp)(bib)]n (1), {[Co(bce)(bib)0.5]·2H2O}n (2), {[Co(oba)(bib)]·H2O}n (3), {[Co(oba)(bib)0.5]·0.5H2O}n (4) and [Co(bce)(bi)0.5]n (5) (H2bcp = 1,3-bis(4-carboxy-phenoxy)propane, H2bce = 1,2-bis(4-carboxy-phenoxy)ethane, H2oba = 4,4′-oxybis(benzoic acid), bib = 1,4-bis(2-methyl-imidazol-1-yl)butane and bi = 1,1′-(1,4-butanediyl)bis(imidazole)), have been synthesized and structurally characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Complexes 1–5 display various coordination motifs with different entangled forms and conformations. The result clearly indicates that the steric bulk effect of ligands is significant in the direction of these networks, which is also well regulated by the molar ratio. In addition, the magnetic behavior of polymers 1–4 are investigated.


In this paper we show a local differentiability result and a fundamental estimate for the solutions to non linear basic systems of higher order. Tese results are preliminary to the study of the quasi-holder continuity for non linear parabolic systems of higher order.


Statistical speech synthesis (SSS) approach has become one of the most popular and successful methods in the speech synthesis field. Smooth speech transitions, without the spurious errors that are observed in unit selection systems, can be generated with the SSS approach. However, a well-known issue with SSS is the lack of voice similarity to the target speaker. The issue arises both in speaker-dependent models and models that are adapted from average voices. Moreover, in speaker adaptation, similarity to the target speaker does not increase significantly after around one minute of adaptation data which potentially indicates inherent bottleneck(s) in the system. Here, we propose using the hybrid speech synthesis approach to understand the key factors behind the speaker similarity problem. To that end, we try to answer the following question: which segments and parameters of speech, if generated/synthesized better, would have a substantial improvement on speaker similarity? In this work, our hybrid methods are described and listening test results are presented and discussed.


The current study aimed to assess the effect of feeding total mix ration (TMR) briquettes on milk composition, yield and sensory attributes. Jersey × Sahiwal crossbred cows (Nine) were randomly assigned to three treatments (CTL: guinea grass with commercial feed, TMR1 and TMR2: TMR briquettes) in a 3 × 3 replicated Latin square design. Daily milk yield was recorded and milk composition was measured at three days intervals. At the end of each period, fatty acid composition, calcium, phosphorus and sensory properties of milk were analysed. Milk yield trended to be higher in cows fed with TMR briquettes and milk fat content was similar among the treatments. There was no significant difference in milk fatty acid profile among the treatments; however, lauric acid (C12:0) concentration was significantly higher in milk obtained from the cows fed with TMR1 briquettes. Milk calcium and phosphorus contents did not show any significant difference. All the sensory attributes were significantly higher in milk tested from cows fed with TMR1. The present study revealed that feeding TMR1 briquette could be one of the strategies to overcome the inconsistent milk yield reported during the forage scare periods without affecting the milk composition, and fatty acid composition with better sensory attributes.


The invention discloses a steel-shovel type broom. The steel-shovel type broom comprises a broom rod 11, a broom handle 2, a broom head 13 and a steel shovel 14. In use, a pushing button 21 is pressed and pushed down by the thumb, and the steel shovel 14 extends out of the broom head 13, and then stains on a floor can be shoveled; and when the thumb is loose, due to the elastic action of a spring 25, the steel shovel 14 can be automatically retracted in the broom handle 12, and the pushing button 21 returns to the top of a sliding groove 22 automatically. The steel-shovel type broom disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the design is novel, the structure is simple and reasonable, the self weight is light, people can easily remove the stains on the floor, and the use is very convenient and practical.


CASE REPORT A 55-year-old man in 1967 underwent total cystectomy and insertion of both ureters into the sigmoid colon for widespread carcinoma of the bladder. Postoper atively he developed a sigmoid colon perforation and required re-insertion of the left ureter into the descending colon. In 1975 a hydronephrotic left kidney was diagnosed. In 1977 episodes of rectal bleeding commenced. Sig moidoscopy to 20 cm was normal, and barium enema radiography was reported as normal. The Fujinon FC-QBF instrument was introduced to the proximal transverse co lon. There was a 5-cm irregular, friable polypoid lesion with superficial exudate in the descending colon, the mac roscopic appearance suggesting a malignant polyp (Figure 1). The lesion was snared and removed without immediate hemorrhage or pain.


Cranioectodermal dysplasia is a rare syndrome characterized by craniofacial and skeletal anomalies and ectodermal dysplasia. Life‐threatening associated conditions (i.e., kidney failure and abnormal regulation of the parathyroid‐bone axis) can also develop. We report a patient whose features are suggestive of an inapparent, subtle phenotype of the syndrome. The patient is a 4‐year‐old girl with only dolichocephaly and clinodactyly; microdontia, hypodontia, and taurodontia (i.e., cone‐shaped teeth); anteverted nares, full cheeks, and everted lower lip; epicanthal folds, hypertelorism and hyperopia; and corpus callosum hypoplasia. She has no rhizomelic limb shortening or hair abnormalities. In view of the rarity of the cranioectodermal dysplasias, the variability of the phenotype, and the uncertain outcome of some previously described patients, we believe this inapparent, subtle case should reported to enable better understanding and treatment of this rare syndrome.


Effective and efficient curriculum management can lead to academic excellence. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore curriculum management practice of school principals in selected secondary school in Malaysia. This survey study involved 14 principals, 7 senior assistants, and 7 senior teachers. The qualitative data was collected through interviews, which has been analyzed manually. Finding showed that, in overall principals' practices were at their best and has contributed to the school excellence in academic. Among the practices by principals were being open to opinion from teachers, guiding and monitoring task given to teachers, empowering subordinates to do certain administrative job and having discussion for continuous improvement. Principals also took part in handling curriculum issues and spending times with teachers to find ways to tackle problems that they were facing. Based on the findings, this study recommended that principals could increase their capability in managing curriculum if they really understand the process of planning, implementing, controlling and monitoring and set strategies for continuous improvement and at the same time having close relationship with teachers and students.


This paper focuses on the comprehensive evaluation and measurement of ISM(Information Security Management) system based on ISO/IEC27000,analyzes in depth the establishment indicators system and the selection of evaluation method. The relationship and distinctions between evaluation and measurement of ISM are discussed,and the shortcomings resulted from the separation of ISM measurement from evaluation also analyzed. The integration of infosec measurement and infosec management evaluation is suggested. Experiment indicates that the infosec management and evaluation mechanism could benefit the theoretical system and guide the application implementation of infosec management.


The present invention, sodium-dependent chloride for treating thrombotic and inflammatory diseases - relates to the use of bicarbonate exchanger inhibitor. Sodium-dependent chloride cell - the inhibitor of bicarbonate exchanger, showing a inhibitory effect on the secretion of von Willebrand factor. The inhibitor may be used in the treatment of thrombotic and inflammatory diseases.


practice. Bringing together leading experts from academia, industry and representatives from public authorities with promising young scientists, the has been established as a point for scienti fi c discussion and interaction. Surveyors offers a signi fi cant for research and development in mobile mapping technology, systems and applications. The advancement of mobile mapping technology has contributed to many aspects of geomatics and day-to-day life activities. MMT re fl ects the core spectrum of the latest developments in mobile mapping technology, ranging from research on algorithms to system development, from land-based to airborne systems, from direct georeferencing to sensor integration and from mobile data collection to dynamic GIS management. The conference aims to provide a platform for international scholars, graduate students, future scientists and the industrial sector to learn and exchange knowledge and experience regarding the application of up-to-date mobile mapping technologies for sustainable development.


Applied Study on Agricultural Production estimate and Forecast by using Area Frame Sampling in Indramayu and Subang Districts is based on the successfulness of 'Area Frame Design' development for the whole Java Island. A brief explanation of design is presented to refresh its basic idea. The methodology of the study is discussed and the mathematical formulation to estimate rice refers to direct expansion approach is presented. The main aim of the study is to prove that area frame sampling is reliable to implement for rice production estimate and forecast. For that purpose, sample segments were extracted and inside the segment crop cutting was conducted. Three times ground survey were conducted to map rice growing stage and crop cutting. The analysis of ground data for both yield and harvest area was done then production estimate was derived. Furthermore, harvest area forcast for next three months after survey-1 was also conducted. Regarding to the man power capability and the results in both districts, it is considered that area frame sampling is feasible to implement in district level.


Model compression and model defense for deep neural networks (DNNs) have been extensively and individually studied. Considering the co-importance of model compactness and robustness in practical applications, several prior works have explored to improve the adversarial robustness of the sparse neural networks. However, the structured sparse models obtained by the existing works suffer severe performance degradation for both benign and robust accuracy, thereby causing a challenging dilemma between robustness and structuredness of compact DNNs.
To address this problem, in this paper, we propose CSTAR, an efficient solution that simultaneously impose Compactness, high STructuredness and high Adversarial Robustness on the target DNN models. By formulating the structuredness and robustness requirement within the same framework, the compressed DNNs can simultaneously achieve high compression performance and strong adversarial robustness. Evaluations for various DNN models on different datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of CSTAR. Compared with the state-of-the-art robust structured pruning, CSTAR shows consistently better performance. For instance, when compressing ResNet-18 on CIFAR-10, CSTAR achieves up to 20.07% and 11.91% improvement for benign accuracy and robust accuracy, respectively. For compressing ResNet-18 with 16x compression ratio on Imagenet, CSTAR obtains 8.58% benign accuracy gain and 4.27% robust accuracy gain compared to the existing robust structured pruning.


The technology of digitization of medical images has been developed rapidly.The technology can be repre-sented with the following aspects.1.Digital X-ray equipment produces the major breakthrough in radiological diagnosis and,as the result,the conventional X-ray modalities are being replaced with it.2.New imaging methods have been developed.All of these are supported by powerful post-processing capability of workstations.3.PACS has now become one of the latest subject of medical imaging technology,it has been used widely in X-ray departments.PACS is not only a product,but also a system engineering.PC-based hardware and software environments are becoming the trend of PACS in the future.


Integrating an adaptive Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS) in real-life school contexts requires coverage of the official curricula, which necessitates a broad range and number of activities to practice the official set of language phenomena. In the context of developing an adaptive ITS for English as a Foreign Language, we propose a method to automatically derive rich activity models from ordinary exercise specifications. The method identifies the language means being covered from the curriculum by processing the language used in the exercise and exemplary answers. The analysis serves two purposes: First, it informs material developers about the extent to which the materials appropriately cover the language means to be practiced according to the curriculum. Second, it helps establish a direct link between rich activity and learner models, as needed for adaptively sequencing activities. The approach includes (1) an NLP-based information extraction module annotating language means using a pedagogicallyinformed categorization, and (2) a tool to generate activity models offering information on the language properties of each activity in quantitative, qualitative, specific or aggregated terms. We exemplify the benefits of the method proposed in the design of materials for an ITS for language learning used in school. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence. Licence details: http: //creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.


The study of motor nerve conduction velocity, motor distal latency and sensory distal latency of the median and ulnar nerves was done in 500 Volumteers aged 20-30 yearold, The results were (1) motor nerve conduction velocity of the mediam and ulnar nerves were 60.16 ±3.82 and 64.31±4.14 m/sec, (2) motor and distal latency of the median and ulnar nerves were  3.14 ±0.31 and 2.62±0.2 msec, (3) sensory distal latency of the mediam and ulnar nerves were 2.95±0.15 and 2.94± 0.17 msec, (4) The differents of the motor distal latency between the mediam and ulnar nerves in the same arm were ≤ 1.5 msec, between right and left mediam nerves and between right and lift ulner nerves were ≤0.9 and 0.3 mesc, (5) The diferents of the sensory distal latency between the mediam and ulnar nerves in the same arm was ≤0.4 msec, between right and lift mediam nerves and between right and lift ulnar nerves were ≤ 0.4 and 0.5 msec respectively. (Sringarind hosp Med J.1986 ; 1 : 12-20)


Abstract Providing access to knowledge and information for all citizens, including the disadvantaged ones, is a constant preoccupation of the decision-making bodies of countries across the globe, particularly of developed and developing ones. In Europe, guidelines for creating accessible informational content have been created, being constantly improved and adapted to the new social realities. As a member state of the European Union, Romania also fosters social inclusion at various levels, including that of making information accessible to all people. Nevertheless, a lot still needs to be done in the field of linguistic accessibility as the analysis presented in the article shows. For example, research should be conducted to draft guidelines for using accessible languages. Then, the study of accessible languages should be implemented in "Translation and interpreting" study programmes for the purpose of developing skills that could be employed socially to increase knowledge accessibility, through interlingual and intralingual translation and interpreting services. In this way, awareness is raised in society and professionals specialised in linguistic accessibility are provided to the labour market to contribute, as language professionals, to the creation of an inclusive society.


A new kind of natural glyco-cyclophane, clemochinenoside-A (1), has been stereoselectively synthesized from 1,6-di-0-acetyl-2,3,4-tri-O-benzyl-D-glucopyranose. 4-Dimethylaminopyridine and dicyclohexylcarbodiimide were first used to catalyze the glyco-cycloesterification.


Abstract In September 2019, Pope Francis called for a broad alliance to renew our commitment to education to build a more fraternal humanity. To understand the Pope's call for a Global Compact on Education, it is useful to explore his vision for education. For Pope Francis, education can no longer be reduced to what happens in the classroom. We need educational strategies that give a chance to the transformation and above all to the humanization of the world. We need an "education village" in which parents, communities, and societies are fully engaged. The call for a Global Compact on Education can be understood as a new paradigm for thinking about education.


Low-lying agricultural reservoirs under the pressure of urbanization in Japan are subject to increasingly higher risk of inundation disaster due to the change in the runoff characteristics by decreasing the area of paddy fields and the recent increase in the frequency and magnitude of heavy rainfall events. The objective of this study is to develop an inundation analysis model specifically aiming at low-ying agricultural reservoirs. The model developed in this study is composed of three modules: runoff calculation module in which the runoff from each landuse cell is calculated using water balance analysis, channel network module in which the flow in the channel network is calculated by a one dimensional unsteady flow analysis, and inundation flow module in which the behavior of overflown water is demonstrated using topographically adjustable cells. One of the unique characteristics of this model is the runoff from landuse with different attributes are reflected in the course of calculation in a realistic but concise manner as the origin of runoff. As a result of applying the model to a study field, inundation process was verified to be reproduced well.


The invention discloses a method and a device for cell reselection. According to the embodiment, the method comprises the steps of: selecting a first candidate reselection target cell collection which meets a first rule according to a cell reselection measurement result; selecting a second candidate reselection target cell collection from the first candidate reselection target cell collection according to a cell reselection priority; considering received multicast broadcast single frequency network (MBSFN) area identification information of each cell in the second candidate reselection target cell collection and selecting a cell from the second candidate reselection target cell collection as a reselection target cell. According to the invention, the receiving continuity of MBMS can be improved as far as possible.


non-neoplastic disease, including pathogenesis of asbestos related disease in man. Each chapter usefully begins by introducing in some detail the required methods and continues with a review of results, all with excellent illustration. There is information on the ultrastructure ofrespiratory tract cilia and their motility and pharmacological regulation and mucociliary interaction. The chapter describing the principles and application of morphometric methods to interpretation of lung slices and study of the interspecies variation of airway surface epithelia is excellent, as is the comprehensive chapter on pulmonary vasculature in health and the evolution of alterations with chronic pulmonary hypertension and the adult respiratory distress syndrome. One chapter reviews the ultrastructural features of common and rare tumours superbly. There is also an elegant description of the constituents of lung interstitium with interesting discussion of the functional implications of the three dimensional organisation of connective tissue elements and their variation in emphysema and fibrosis. The three dimensional structure of the lung is beautifully shown by corrosion casting techniques and variations are shown following experimental injury and angiogenesis. There is an interesting review of the history and biological properties of fluorocarbon emulsions used to investigate the interaction ofplasma proteins and endothelial glycocalyx, and two chapters deal with the pathogenetic mechanisms in animal models of asbestosis and silicosis and techniques and data generated in the use of analytical scanning, transmission, and scanning transmission electron microscopy to identify fibre types and investigate asbestos induced disease in man. The book is therefore suited to a wide readership and forms an excellent text for learning more about the special applications of the electron microscope to the study of lung disease.-PKJ


Synopsis

A new species of Thorictus, related to T. grandicollis, is described from a specimen in the Museum of Zoology, Cambridge.


A process control or safety system used instrumented function block logic to also coordinate the logic in the process control or safety system with operating states of field devices, if these operating conditions are initiated from the outside in the process control or safety system. Logic in input or decision function blocks that are associated with field devices, can monitor and determine when the associated field devices are placed in test or Kalibriermoden, and can automatically initiate a corresponding bypass or Ubergehungsfunktionalitat in response to such detected field device configuration states. Similarly, function block logic bypass or Ubergehungsfunktionen can remove automatically if the field devices are returned to their normal operating configuration states. This automatic initiation of conversion and overrides helps to prevent a security system triggers in a process plant a shutdown process as a result of equipment testing, which was manually started, for example, by a hand-held device that is attached to a field device. Likewise, the automatic removal of environmental and overrides helps to prevent an existing in a process plant safety system is malfunctioning because a user has forgotten to remove a bypass or override manually, which was set up by a device check to ...


Allergy to dogs affects around ten percent of the population in developed countries. Immune therapy of allergic patients with dog allergen extracts has shown limited therapeutic benefit. Herein, we established a mouse model of dog allergy and tested the efficacy of a recombinant protein containing Can f 1, f 2, f 4 and f 6 as a sublingual immune therapy (SLIT). Repeated inhalation of dog extracts induced infiltration of the airways by TH2 cells, eosinophils and goblet cells, reminiscent of the house dust mite (HDM) model of asthma. However, dog allergen extracts also induced robust TH17 cell responses, which was associated with a high neutrophilic infiltration of the airways and promoted airway hyperresponsiveness more potently than HDM allergens. scRNA-Seq analysis of T helper cells responding to dog allergens identified several unique clusters with TH17 cells being hallmarked by the expression of several receptors including IL-17RE. Analysis of T cell receptors also depicted a high frequency of clones that were shared between TH17, TH2 and suppressive Treg cells, indicative of the plasticity of T helper cells in this model. Importantly, prophylactic SLIT reduced airway hyperresponsiveness and type 2-mediated inflammation in this model supporting the use of recombinant allergens in immune therapy.