Abstract This paper introduces a ventilation system that combines buried-pipes with multi-purpose windows with the aim of finding an energy efficient, environment-protecting and low-cost way to improve the indoor environment. In this system, buried pipes serve as air-conditioners and multi-purpose windows serve as draught, sound and heat protective devices, in addition to acting as ordinary windows. Further benefits include protection from noise, dust, and insects as well as protection against intruders, thus providing a safe, healthy and comfortable indoor environment. This paper presents an engineering application of this system, and first elaborates the design and construction, then reports the field tests of the system performance for a typical winter day and a typical summer day. The results of the field tests show that the indoor acoustic environment and index of air changes satisfy the requirements of Chinese residential building codes, and that the indoor thermal environment is comfortable in summer, and acceptable in winter.


Some fundamental characteristics of the unfilled d shell of a transition d element are calculated at first time and then a number of the most specific properties of the d substance (an isotope, a free atom (ion), and the transition d metal atom) are calculated with those characteristics taken into consideration.

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A device for demonstrating the pressure of light is here described. With present-day techniques it is not only possible to produce a gas pressure sufficiently low to reduce the radiometer effects to a negligible value compared with the light pressure effect, but it is also possible to maintain such a vacuum in a sealed-off tube for long periods of time.


Rhizobia may be classified as either fast or slow growers, or alternatively into different cross-inoculation groups depending on the host plants they can nodulate. The clover, lucerne, lotus-lupin. and sainfoin cross-inoculation groups are of importance in New Zealand grasslands. Within each group there are numerous strains which differ in many respects, in particular in their ability to fix nitrogen with different host species. The clover and slow-growing lotus rhizobia are now widespread in New Zealand pasture soils but the others are not.


fourth world, in the myths of North and Meso-America, set loose tribes in migratory waves, destined someday to rediscover one another and their ancestral home. Each of Rudolfo A. Anaya's novels in his trilogy, Bless Me, Ultima, Heart of Aztlan and Tortuga,2 mirrors this general pattern of displacement and migration, and each is intertextually linked to the European literary tradition which records it. The extent to which Anava reaches to European myth and legend in his reshaping of Native American myth has not been sufficiently scanned as a central topic of Anaya criticism, which has been focused almost exclusively on his representation of indigenous materials. Anaya not only refers occasionally to classical myth in his works, but he appropriates in large measure the topoi of classical story as a means of aligning distinctive features of early European and traditional MesoAmerican culture.3 What is at stake, ultimately, is finding a proper place for the Chicano story in a Eurocentric literary economy. The two branches of European cultural myth which are most prominent in the framework of Anaya's fiction are, first, the destruction and displacement story whose basic, but not exclusive, archetype is Homer's Odyssey, and, second, the founding myth whose archetype is Virgil's Aeneid.5 The two are complementary, since destruction of a nation and displacement of its inhabitants force the founding of a new home which will infuse into a new terrain what is salvaged of the older culture.


to analyse changing social policy and explore the connections with the world of probation clients. My hope is that many more books and articles will emerge to support this one. The severity of social and criminal injustice in the past 18 years that has been painfully observed by those who work with probation clients, surely warrants much more open debate and analysis than it is currently receiving?


Tributes flowed for the death of New Zealand-born Fiji Sun publisher and chief executive Peter Lomas. He spent much of his life in Fiji and the Pacific and, according to his newspaper, 'He was an industry pioneer and one of the last surviving old school "newspaper men" of the Pacific, someone who lived and breathed the news business and practically lived his life in the newsroom'. He was a former editor of Islands Business, the Fiji Daily Post, and worked as a training consultant on the Samoa Observer, Solomon Star, and Elijah Communications in the Cook Islands. In 2001 became the fulltime media development training coordinator for the Suva-based Pacific Islands News Association (PINA). This obituary by a Fiji-born media consultant offers a more nuanced profile of his Fiji Sun tenure.


High productivity is an important means in engineering industry to get profit.So the rapid development of super high speed cutting and high speed cutting are payed close attention.Here is a brief introduction for the high speed cutting existing condition and advance.


Abstract The notion of civility, although commonly invoked in narratives about the Middle East and the Muslim world, fails nonetheless to be adequately framed and investigated in analyses of political change in the region. This contribution confronts this problem by considering, first, how far traditional 'Western' notions of civility are relevant to analyses of civility in polities where liberal normativity is not for the most part shared by those individuals and communities involved in everyday civic interactions. It then distinguishes the role that civility is commonly said to play in civil society and, via civil society inthe state-sanctioned framework for a 'good' society, from the relevance of civility for society itself. From this perspective the contribution emphasises the importance ofintersubjectivity in the communication of practices of civility, and de-emphasises the primacy of formal liberal norms and values for the recognition of the 'other' and the articulation of peaceful societal interactions.


Introduction: Semi-allogeneic bone marrow and spleen cells (BMC/SC duce transplant tolerance in neonatal mice whereas allogeneic BMC cause lethal graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). To prevent aGVHD an duce transplant tolerance with allo-SC/BMC we reprogrammed donor/ CD4 T cells by co-stimulation blockade to preserve regulatory CD4 T while recapitulating depleted donor/host CD8 T cells. Methods: C3H (H-2k) neonatal mice were injected iv with total or depl B6 (H-2b) GFP+ SC/BMC. CD8 Tand CD49b NK cells were depleted from nor inocula using StemCell Technologies kits. In vivo neonatal host CD8 T were depleted (Mab 53–6.7) and donor/host CD4 T cells reprogram (CD154MabMR1). Trafficking and interactions of injected cells weremonit bymicroscopy. Tolerance inductionwas assessed by transplanting treatedm as adults with donor-type hearts. Results: Neonatal mice injected with GFP+ allo-SC/BMC developed aGV with diarrhea, reduced growth and early death. GFP+ cells proliferated spread throughout injected mice indicating systemic inflammation. Deple of donor/host CD8 T cells together with co-stimulation blockade of donor/ CD4 T cells (CD154) resulted in GFP signal being reduced and restricte lymphoid organs (day 6). High resolution microscopy showed donor T an cells positioned respectively in PALS and follicular regions of host spleen; of Ki67 immunostaining indicated many donor cells were not proliferating. nor DC were detected in host thymus (day 6) suggesting a possible role in tral tolerance. Donor-type B6 hearts transplanted into neonatally-treated a C3H mice (n=5) (CD8 depleted/CD4 co-stimulation blockade) all continue beat at 100 days post-transplant, 3 grafts with maximal strength and 2 g with diminished strength. In untreated control mice (n=3) donor-type he stopped beating by day 10. H&E staining of a strongly beating B6 heart at 100 days showed undamaged cardiomyocytes with little if any cellular trate and absence of macrophages and T cells by immunostaining. Conclusion: Reprograming CD4 T cells while depleting/recapitulating T cells in allo-SC/BMC treated neonates leads to 100% cardiac allograft sur at 100days; low beat scores in 2/5 grafts suggests further optimization is requ These findings provide insight into robust tolerance induction in neonates. This project was supported with funding from the Canadian Institute Health Research and the Gordon English family.


Empirical facts show that,based on pure technical analysis,the neo-classical macroeconomic model is difficult to explain the reality of the economy.Taking the flow and stock into account,we build a macro-economic model of monetary economy and try to use the model to analyze the economic fluctuation in China triggered by the lack of effective demand.Confirmed by empirical analysis of macroeconomic data for the years 1991-2011,the research argues that emphasizing the consuming only is not enough,and enterprises cost-benefit analysis is necessary.Only through the analysis of the cost structure of the supply side(enterprises)with the changes in investment flows and the accompanying income distribution problems,can we explain the insufficient effective demand and fluctuation in China's economy.


ABSTRACT Local news organizations play a crucial role in informing rural or suburban communities about current events and politics. With the growing concentration of populations in large cities, many citizens may feel they are missing out on essential information about their local communities, thus affecting their knowledge about local issues and public policies. This study examines how readers' perceptions of the financial state of local news organizations, journalists' engagement with local communities and users' local content creation affect readers' paying behaviour for local news. Drawing on data from the Pew Research Center, results indicate that readers' perceptions of the financial state of local news organizations predict their paying behaviour. Second, findings show that journalists' engagement with their local communities and users' content creation are crucial factors for increasing the probability of paying for local news. Finally, readers' age is explored as a moderator between news organizations financial state and readers' paying behaviour. This study adds to the growing literature on the socio-psychological antecedents involved in paying behaviour for local news organizations.


Various aspects are known regarding the impact of vocabulary teaching on word knowledge, word association, word family, reading comprehension, different kinds of reading, cognitive and psychological factors of learners. But the implementation of theoretical knowledge and the impact of applied theory-based knowledge on teachers' and the students' cooperation towards developing a rich repertoire of vocabulary has not been properly investigated. The goal of this study is to analyze the diverse vocabulary learning strategies, effective teaching style, and the implementation of theoretical knowledge at the secondary school level. This paper will follow up on analytical studies that investigate the content and context-embedded learning and the instructions through theories for getting the authentic proof of the students' achievement in vocabulary learning. This study will also suggest some guidelines to follow to facilitate the students effectively. This paper will focus on analyzing various strategies in terms of teaching and learning vocabulary, especially at the secondary school level.


Aim The changes and characteristics of liver drug-metabolizing and antioxiditive functions in different status of hepatic injury was investigated to provide support for clinical drug treatments in hepatic fibrosis. Methods Carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4) and other mixture factors were used to make animal model of acute hepatic injury, hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis, respectively. Subcelluar fractions of liver were prepared by differential centrifugation. Activities of drug-metabolizing and antioxidative enzymes were monitored. Results Levels of phase I enzymes-cytochrome P450 (CYP), CYP1A1 (7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylation), CYP2E1 (aniline hydroxylation), CYP3A1/2 (erythromycin N-demethylation), and phase Ⅱ enzymes-glutathione S-transferase (GST) were reduced remarkably in hepatic microsomes in different hepatic injury status in a time-dependent manner. However, the activity of CYP2E1 came to be the lowest in acute hepatic injury and recovered gradually when injury time was prolonged. In hepatic fibrosis, the activities of CYP1A,CYP2E1,CYP3A and GST reached 68%,56%,81% and 59%, respectively, of the control, and the functions of antioxidative enzymes in cytosol GST,catalase(Cat) and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) declined to 85%,76% and 54%, respectively, of the control. Conclusion The xenobiotic-metabolizing abilities in liver with hepatic fibrosis were distinctly decreased, which constantly relates with the degrees and the lengths of hepatic injury.


"Gaze" is the primary characteristic of TV series and films.Influenced by deep-rooted patriarchy,TV series and films highlight the male gaze and shape female figures from the perspective of male-centered culture.Hence,female audience unconsciously internalizes male gaze.The Battle for the Defence of Marriage is flooded with inconspicuous male gaze which prevents women's liberation and reflects gender inequality.Our discussion aims at promoting the construction of a harmonious society for male and female.


A Study of the Microstructure of PVF2/PMMA Blends by Small Angle Neutron and X-ray Scattering (February 1988) William S. Herman B.S., City College of New York M.S., University of Massachusetts Ph.D., University of Massachusetts Directed by: Professor Richard S. Stein Small angle x-ray and neutron scattering studies were performed on blends of PVF2 with PMMA. A comparison of the scattered intensities indicates that the electron density profile is different from the neutron scattering length density profile. This system, therefore, cannot be modelled assuming only two phases. The SANS and SAXS invariants were used to calculate transition zone thicknesses for two other models. The first model assumes a linear transition zone between the crystalline PVF2 phase and the mixed amorphous phase. The other model consists of three phases: a crystalline PVF2 phase, an amorphous PVF2 phase containing branched material and cilia, and a mixed amorphous phase. It has been determined that an interphase exists at the crystalamorphous phase boundary and it is at least 25A in thickness (interlamellar distance = 200 A). The interphase thickness assuming a linear transition zone is ~50A, while for the three-phase system is about ~25A. The method of using two invariants to determine phase sizes and especially transition zone thicknesses is superior to measuring transition zone thicknesses from deviations from Porod's law.


[1] Studies show that early VLF perturbations, characterized by abrupt signal onsets and long recoveries, occur often in relation with transient luminous events, especially sprites and sprite halos. Also, most of the early VLF events are attributed to forward scattering of subionospheric VLF transmissions incident upon horizontally elongated disturbances of elevated ionization in the upper D region. This concept is supported by the similarity of early VLF event recoveries to those of lightning-induced electron precipitation events (LEPs), which are due to electron density enhancements in the upper D region caused by lightning and whistler-induced precipitation of radiation belt electrons. Here, the simplified Glukhov-Pasko-Inan model, that has been developed for LEP investigations, is applied to simulate early VLF event recoveries observed simultaneously with sprite discharges in the D region. The present study shows that: (1) early VLF events with longer (shorter) recoveries are likely to come from higher altitudes of about 80–90 km (lower altitudes of about 70–80 km) and under conditions of lower (higher) electron density elevations relative to ambient values; (2) although negative ion and positive cluster ion production plays a role in electron density relaxation at lower heights, the electron–single ion dissociative recombination is likely the key process at upper D region heights that defines the relaxation of early VLF perturbations; and (3) tentative estimates of electron density increases responsible for early VLF events may reach values possibly higher than 104 electrons per cm3 in the upper D region ionosphere.


The work presented in this paper addresses the problem of creating a low-cost, intrinsically safe, low-level gas sensor for mining and transportation applications. The system is to have no electrical connection to the remote sensor head, and as such relies on optical transmission via fibre. An integral component is the acoustically resonant chamber, which is excited by an appropriate laser excitation. The laser is modulated at the resonant frequency of the chamber to create a periodic heating and cooling, which translates into a periodic pressure wave. The pressure wave is amplified in the resonant chamber, and then measured using an optical microphone approach. This makes the sensor implicitly safe, as there are no electronics at the sensor head nor electrical connections required. A particular challenge associated with this approach is the acoustic signal generation and extraction from very high levels of noise. This paper gives a background on the photoacoustic method, and describes our approaches to the development of physical hardware and processing algorithms required for an embedded sensor.


We have revisited the ACS Virgo Cluster Survey (ACSVCS), a Hubble Space Telescope program to obtain ACS/WFC g and z bands imaging for a sample of 100 early-type galaxies in the Virgo Cluster. In this study, we examine 51 nucleated early-type galaxies in the ACSVCS in order to look into the relationship between the photometric and structural properties of stellar nuclei and their host galaxies. We morphologically dissect galaxies into five classes. We note that (1) the stellar nuclei of dwarf early-type galaxies (dS0, dE, and dE,N) are generally fainter and bluer with g > 18.95 and (g - z) < 1.40 compared to some brighter and redder counterparts of the ellipticals (E) and lenticular galaxies (S0), (2) the g-band half-light radii of stellar nuclei of all dwarf early-type galaxies (dS0, dE, and dE,N) are smaller than 20 pc and their average is about 4 pc, and (3) the colors of red stellar nuclei with (g - z) > 1.40 in bright ellipticals and lenticular galaxies are bluer than their host galaxies colors. We also show that most of the unusually "red" stellar nuclei with (g-z) > 1.54 in the ACSVCS are the central parts of bright ellipticals and lenticular galaxies. Furthermore, we present multi photometric band color - color plots that can be used to break the age-metallicity degeneracy particularly by inclusion of the thermally pulsing-asymptotic giant branch (TP-AGB) phases of stellar evolution in the stellar population models.


Aspirated nasals are fairly common especially in the languages of the subcontinent. Their possibility in Urdu however is very ambiguous. Different authors present conflicting views on this. Lack of any previous acoustic analysis of this phenomenon in Urdu only makes this subject more ambiguous. This study is based on acoustic analysis of recordings made by native Urdu speakers. The results show that the possibility of aspirated nasals is very bleak except for the word medial /m/.


Discrimination against LGBT1 individuals remains widespread across Australia. Since schools continue to promote regimes of heterosexuality and cis-normativity, teachers have a crucial role in creating contexts in which LGBT young people feel accepted and safe. Drawing on North's (2006) work on social justice and Connell's (2012) discussion of curricular justice, this article explores opportunities and constraints experienced by a group of English secondary teachers attempting to practise in socially just ways. Results indicate that through the English curriculum, it is possible for teachers to find moments to achieve social justice for LGBT individuals.


Arne Ohman received the Distinguished Contribution to Psycho-physiology award in 2001 in recognition of a career marked by scientific achievements of lasting importance. In all of the areas of inquiry that he has graced with his scientific acumen, he has made significant contributions. Among these, his work on orienting, electrodermal conditioning, fears and phobias, preparedness , psychopathology, stress, and the evolution of emotion are particularly noteworthy. Ohman was trained at the University of Uppsala, receiving his Ph.D. in psychology in 1971. His major academic postings have included the University of Bergen, the University of Uppsala, and the Karolinska Institute, where he currently is the head ofthe Department of Clinical Neuroscience. His honors are numerous, including membership in the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, the Academia Europaea, and the Nobel Assembly. He has been an important contributor to the Society for Psychophysiological Research, serving as a member of the Publication Board, as a member of the Board of Directors, and as President of the Society. Ohman has brought an impressive mastery of psychophysio-logical, learning, and conditioning methodology to his work. He has been particularly adept at applying these methods to study difficult and complex psychological issues. This application of precise experimental methodology to questions of intellectual substance is a hallmark of his research. Moreover, he is clearly at ease dealing with both the procedural and theoretical aspects of his work. In his papers, the reader always goes away impressed both by the elegance of his methods and the elegance of his thinking. Ohman is one of the true pioneers in introducing empirical methodology to test hypotheses derived from evolutionary theories. His thinking about the ways that humans are prepared by their particular evolutionary history to associate fear responses more readily to some kinds of stimuli rather than others provides an excellent example of his approach. In a series of elegant and now "classic" experiments he was both able to reject the alternative hypothesis of equipotentiality and to refine the notion of preparedness by showing differences between aversive and appetitive contexts. These studies profoundly changed the way we think about human emotion and evolution. Moreover they provide an invaluable prototype for deriving testable, falsifiable hypotheses from evolutionary theories. Ohman is also a pioneer in "translational" clinical research the application of basic laboratory research methods to the study of clinical problems. Throughout his career he has applied the psychophysiological tools honed in his …


The umbrella shape cone-shape plate of PIV have to scrap because of tooth surface attrition in using. PIV structure is complicated and high manufacture precision,so the domestic factory is unable to make it. We proposed and have used a kind of new mentality and the method to use the surplus surface. This is a kind of innovation attempt to import components. This method has the important promoted value to KTC80 tobacco cutter.


Objective:Observing the effects of yiqi lianwei decoction combining with benazepril on early diabetic nephropathy and exploring the mechanism.Methods:86Cases with early diabetic nephropathy were divided into treatment and control groups,the control group was given the basic treatment methods such as diabetic diet and controlling blood glucose medicine,etc.the treatment group was given yiqi lianwei decoction to take on the basis of the above treatment methods,2weeks was one treatment course.The changes of indexes such as BUN,SCr,blood lipid,HbA1c,MDA,SOD,CRP and UAER in the two groups were determined before and after treated.Results:The indexes of the treatment group patients were significantly improved except BUN,blood lipid and HbA1c,the effects were better than those patients in control group.Conclusion:The effect of yiqi lianwei decoction combining with benazepril on early diabetic nephropathy were obviously better than that of benazepril.


The fluctuation mechanisms which determine the threshold voltage mismatch of a 0.13 investigated by varying the bulk bias. The correct doping profile, obtained by SIMS measurements, is included in the analysis. This leads theoretically to a 20-35 % lower threshold voltage mismatch than when the profile is assumed uniform. The experimental threshold voltage mismatch is significantly higher than the theoretical limit caused by doping fluctuations. This is caused by the halo implant, which is implanted through the gate. The fluctuation in this charge is not described by Poisson statistics. It is mainly caused by the random character of the poly-silicon gate material. By correlating threshold voltage mismatch to current factor mismatch it is shown that the halo implant also causes extra fluctuations in gate depletion.


The article discusses Russian President Vladimir Putin's aim to regain the country's status as a major international player, which was evident in its involvement in conflicts in Ukraine and Syria. Topics discussed include the new world order that gave way for the triumph of Western principles and influence, the strange position of Russia after the fall of the Soviet Union and the growing influence of the U.S. and the influence of Gorbachev's political reform on 21st century Russia.


Nutrition researchers used 1969-1977 data from a nutrition supplementation trial conducted by the Instituto de Nutricion de Centroamerica y Panama in 4 rural villages in El Progreso Department of Guatemala to determine the nutritional implications of concurrent lactation and pregnancy for mother and fetus. They decided to analyze these data because little is known about the intervals for which a women breast feeds while pregnant or the intervals for which she is not pregnant and not lactating. They compared nutrition supplement intake and thigh fat fold measures of mothers during each trimester of pregnancy and during the 1st 3 months after birth according to their subgroup: long overlap short overlap long recuperative interval and short recuperative interval. 50% of the women exhibited overlap and 44% of the overlap went beyond the 1st trimester. Overlap caused increased supplement intake during the 1st trimester. Further a short recuperative period caused increased intake during the 1st and 2nd trimester of pregnancy and in lower maternal fat stores. It appeared that an absence of overlap and a long recuperative period may enhance fetal growth slightly but differences in birth weight between the groups were insignificant. The researchers also looked at consecutive pregnancies and found more proof that simultaneous lactation and pregnancy with short recuperative intervals caused increased food intake and reduced fat stores thereby putting an additional burden on the mother. These stress of conditions did not appear to affect fetal growth as evidenced by birth weight. Thus as a response to the extra stress created by lactation and pregnancy additional food intake may offset the possible risk of mobilization of fat stores and may actually protect fetal growth.


The paper contains a conceptual proposal that aims at indicating new models of participatory financing of cultural institutions as well as actions towards supporting culture. It presents results of a qualitative study in the form of action research, on identifying legal barriers of financing of cultural institutions in Poland. Additionally, it presents practical suggestions to the encountered problems that were worked out after discussions with cultural managers, taxpayers, and government administration decision-makers. The unique value of the study is a multidimensional and complex analysis of participatory financing of culture, citing varied sources and bearing a structured research procedure. We suggest a new discussion on establishing legal solutions for increasing of the funding or making the financing of cultural institutions more flexible, which appears to be particularly important in crisis times. All is presented as an original concept of participatory citizen-enterprise fiscal mechanism of supporting cultural institutions. We present a pragmatic solution to a problem of additional public support of culture, which can be put into practice parallel to state mechanisms, considering culture as a part of sustainable development.


The threat of terrorism by AlQaeda and its associate groups will persist throughout 2004. After the AlQaeda attack on America's iconic landmarks on 9/11 a state of war has prevailed between the West and terrorist groups, with AlQaeda and its associates periodically striking targets of the US, its allies and friends. The pre 9/11 AlQaeda group which conducted an average of one attack every two years, has morphed into a movement in which AlQaeda and its associate groups mount an average of an attack every three months. AlQaeda is now developing an ideological role, mostly through the Internet. While western governments devote their resources to fighting AlQaeda the centre of gravity of the movement has shifted to its associate groups which pose varying levels of threat in different regions.


Disclosed is a device for actuating a hydraulic clutch of a motor vehicle, with an at least a clutch pedal supporting bearing block (4) and a master cylinder (5), which in turn from an indentation (6) of the bearing block (4) is accommodated, wherein the bearing block ( 4) together with the master cylinder (5) via an opening (7) of the passenger compartment (2) is positioned (from the engine compartment (3) of the motor vehicle separating bulkhead 1) and (with the dash panel 1) fixedly connected and where (on the bearing block 4), and on the master cylinder (5) mutually corresponding first contact surfaces (9, 10) are formed, between which a sealing element (11) is arranged, which extends into the region of mutually corresponding second abutment surfaces (12, 13) of the bearing block (4) and the bulkhead (1).


In Physical therapy profession, we aim to improve patients in three major areas; pain, mobility, and functional activities. To achieve that we have to utilize all therapeutic means include modalities, manual therapy, and exercise. In this series we aim to stress the importance of all therapeutic procedures and the patient satisfaction. Series will start on the role of modalities then manual therapy and exercise


Main developments between 1 September and 31 December 2010* On 10 November 2010 the European Commission approved the acquisition of the retail bank Cassa di Risparmio della Spezia SpA of Italy…


.................................................................................................................................... 0 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 1 Why is the Treatment of Depression Important? ................................................................... 1 Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder .............................................................................. 2 Psychotherapy ........................................................................................................................ 2 Therapeutic Alliance .............................................................................................................. 4 Measurement of the Therapeutic Alliance ........................................................................... 5 Therapeutic Alliance and Outcome of Therapy................................................................... 5 Therapeutic Alliance Over the Course of Therapy .............................................................. 8 Ratings of the Therapeutic Alliance ................................................................................... 10 Factors Influencing the Therapeutic Alliance .................................................................. 11 Personality ........................................................................................................................... 13 Personality Disorders and the Therapeutic Alliance ......................................................... 15 Measurement of Personality and Personality Disorders ................................................... 19 The Current Study ............................................................................................................... 19 Method .................................................................................................................................... 20 The Clinical Trial ................................................................................................................ 20 Participants.......................................................................................................................... 20 Therapy ................................................................................................................................ 21 Therapists ............................................................................................................................ 21 Measures.............................................................................................................................. 22 Psychotherapy process and therapeutic alliance ............................................................ 22 Personality disorders ....................................................................................................... 24 Procedure ............................................................................................................................ 24 Raters ............................................................................................................................... 24 Rater Training .................................................................................................................. 24 Selection of Therapy Sessions .......................................................................................... 25 Rating of Therapeutic Alliance .......................................................................................... 25 Data Analysis....................................................................................................................... 25 Results ..................................................................................................................................... 28 Discussion................................................................................................................................ 54 Implications ......................................................................................................................... 60 Strengths .............................................................................................................................. 61 Limitations ........................................................................................................................... 62 Future Directions of Research ........................................................................................... 62


In this essay, it is analyzed the recent case of Ahmed Mohamed, a 14-year-old Muslim high school 9th grader who was questioned by school administrators and the police for bringing a homemade digital clock to school that he had made himself. It is argued that the educational system is broken, reduced largely to a punishing factory defined by a culture of fear and an utter distrust of young people.


This first-ever Editorial Scope of the Journal of Civil Engineering, Science and Technology (JCEST) touches the scientometrics of one of the main civil engineering disciplines, structure and material, in the publication realm. This brief editorial piece highlights the emerging and highly investigated themes in the last 5 years by gathering information from the wealth of the freely accessible Scopus database. Also, the most researched and published areas of JCEST within this period from the perspective of popular keywords are assembled and presented. The overlapped terms of the widely researched topics from the two sources are then captured to show their common publication territories of attention. This exercise aims to offer a brief guide for authors to better plan and navigate their knowledge quest to fit the currently trailblazing research curiosity and interest


The nuclear family has been considered the most irnportanc factor in [he development of the self. It has been viewed as providing the child with his first social environment and model for behavior, as well as the first agents of socialization, and a "looking glass" in which he can see himself through the eyes of others. The psychoanalytic concept of identification has been used to explain the influence of the nuclear family on the development of the self chrough the process of internalization of attributes of significant others who serve as models for behavior. Role theorists (9, 10) have discussed the development of the self in terms of the internalization of roles or patterns of attitudes and actions. According to Thompson (13) , "In the attempt to avoid the feeling of discomfort produced by d~sapproval, the child tends to develop and emphasize those aspects of himself which are pleasing or acceptable to significant adults" (p . 213). There is some experimental evidence that role models presented by the parents are related to the self-perceptions of the individual. Helper ( 5 ) found that, if the mother's perception of the facher matched her perception of the boy's ideal self, the boy would perceive his ideal self to be close to his perceptions of his father. He also found that a divergence between the father's and mother's picture of the ideal self for the child was associated with a high degree of self-concept instabiliry on the part of the child. .Instability was measured in terms of differences in the child's self ratings between cest and retest. Jourard and Remy ( 6 ) discovered that attitudes toward the self are related to those attitudes the individual perceives his parents have toward him. Sarbin and Van Spanckeren (reported in 10) found that persons who reported thac they were reared by multiple parencal figures were more social and more homogenous than those who reported that they were reared by only one or two parental figures. The present study was conducted in order to determine the relationship


According to the Miyagi Prefectural Epidemiological Surveillance of Infection Agents, the number of weekly reported patients with gastroenteritis caused by Norovirus (NoV) has sharply increased in Miyagi Prefecture since the end of November 2006. The number reached 33.74 cases per clinic, which was about 1.6 times larger than that of last year, at the end of December 2006. Between November and December 2006, 16 outbreaks of gastroenteritis were reported to public health and welfare offices in the prefecture and stool specimens were collected from 113 patients. Viral RNA was extracted using a QIAamp Viral RNA Mini Kit (Qiagen, Valencia, Calif., USA) from


Bivalve molluscs (BM) are filter animals and bioaccumulators of substances from the environment. This characteristic allows a great absorption of nutrients that makes them a source of protein-rich foods. On the other hand, if there are toxic contaminants in the environment, their absorption by animals may occur. This happens with pesticides coming from agricultural and livestock production systems that can migrate to areas of BM crops. Considering the high nutritional value of bivalve molluscs and their positive impact on the human diet, these products must be carefully evaluated for the possible presence of toxic substances in order to guarantee their safety.
Thus, the aim of this work was to implement and validate a multi-residue method using tandem mass spectrometry to evaluate pesticide residues commonly used in agricultural production systems present in these matrices. Extraction and cleaning steps were optimized and the method proved to be adequate to quantify 322 pesticides. The samples come from five different areas of culture of bivalve molluscs in the southeast, north and northeast regions of Brazil. The analysis of the mollusc samples showed the presence at the trace level of seven different pesticide residues in four of the five evaluated samples.


Mobile operating systems have adopted a service model in which applications access system functionality by interacting with various OS Services in separate processes. These interactions cause application-specific states to be spread across many service processes, a problem we identify as state entanglement. State entanglement presents significant challenges to a wide variety of computing goals: fault isolation, fault tolerance, application migration, live update, and application speculation. We propose CORSA, a novel virtualization solution that uses a lightweight checkpoint/restore mechanism to virtualize OS Services on a per-application basis. This cleanly encapsulates a single application's service-side states into a private virtual service instance, eliminating state entanglement and enabling the above goals. We present empirical evidence that our ongoing implementation of CORSA on Android is feasible with low overhead, even in the worst case of high frequency service interactions.


(a) a thin film comprising at least one layer including at least one organic material; and (b) first and second electrodes in contrast with respective opposite sides of the thin film, wherein the materials of the first and second electrodes and the thickness of the thin film are selected to provide a pre-selected Zener threshold voltage.


Microbially-produced spiculisporic acid has a tricarboxylic-type surfactant structure which is not found in conventional surfactants. Spiculisporic acid has recently received attention as a new type of commercially available biosurfactant owing to its chemical structure and its safety for human health and the environment. Its high production yield (110 g/L at maximum) is expected to lead to wider areas of application. Functional development of spiculisporic acid has been carried out for the preparation of new emulsion-type organogels, superfine microcapsules (vesicles or liposomes), heavy metal sequestrants, and many other applications in speciality chemicals and biotechnology as well as natural surfactants and biochemicals.


Land subsidence is a complex geological problem.Much research work has done for land subsidence formation and development.In the article,the author introduced present status of land subsidence research in detail which included mechanism research,monitoring research,numerical simulation study and control policy.


When opening a new study program, policy makers in Indonesian Islamic Higher Educationa did not formulate graduates' competencies, professions and soft skills in a standardized manner. Policy makers focus too much on scientific vision but ignore in stakeholder needs. The impact, the establishment of new study programs tends to create new unemployment graduates than who are ready to work. This study aims to formulate some values in aqida, akhlak and adab manners into soft skills of Islamic educational management professional that are needed in the millennial era which in adhere to Islamic values such as the principle of revelation guiding science (wahyu memandu ilmu). This research uses a qualitative approach to the type of content analysis. Data were analyzed based on philosophy, psychology, sociology and theology, then synthesized into the field of Islamic educational management through the scientific paradigm of wahyu memandu ilmu. The results showed, first; remembrance, thought, tawakal, istiqamah, trust, silaturrahim, tabayun, leadership, respect for time, patience, courtesy and do virtue are traits and personalities that must be trained to students as professional administration staff. Second; asserted that the graduates profile of the bachelor programme are administrative staff which is needs by thousands of Islamic educational institutions in Indonesia and around the world.


This article presents a comparative study of adaptive filter–based power curve models to estimate wind turbine power output. In the real world, wind turbines are never subjected to ideal conditions; thus, adaptive filter–based power curves serve best when estimating the power in a time-varying environment. Adaptive filter–based power curve is implemented using various algorithms like least mean square, kernel least mean square, recursive least square, and kernel recursive least square algorithms. All models have been developed on National Renewable Energy Laboratory datasets. The performance of various models has been compared on the basis of parameters like mean absolute error, root mean square error, and R-squared score. In addition to this, the learning curves of each method have been obtained to show the performance variation over time.


The Ag distribution in Ag-doped YBa2Cu3O7- (YBCO) thin films fabricated by dual-beam pulsed-laser deposition on SrTiO3 (100) substrates has been studied by Auger electron spectroscopy, microproton-induced x-ray emission, atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. All the results consistently show that Ag aggregated in the bar-like structures observed in the film. These bars are aligned along the a-b-axis or at 45° to the a-b-axis of the YBCO thin film. The main body of the long bars aligned with the a-b-axes of the film was found to be a combination of metallic Ag with other precipitates of YBCO film that may grow from the substrate surface to the YBCO film surface. There were other precipitates aggregating as well at the surface of these bars, such as oxides of Cu and Ba. The short bars that aligned along 45° to the a-b-axes of the film were found to be deficient in Ag but rich in Cu, Ba and O, which could be oxide precipitates of YBCO. The growth mechanisms of the two types of bars seem quite different.


Endpoint qualities of batch processes are crucial indices for evaluating how good a batch is. Simultaneously, batch processes generally involve highly non-linear dynamics as well as varying operating and external conditions within a complete batch duration. Hence, batch processes often present a multiphase or multistage behaviour as batch evolves over time. However, most of existing phase division methods just consider process variables and are based on simple assumptions on data such as linearity and statics. To solve the phase division of complex dynamic batch processes, long short-term memory is utilized in this paper for extracting quality-relevant dynamic features embedded in process variables. Then, Kullback-Leibler divergence is used to figure out the phase change points based on the difference of probability distributions between the learned dynamic features. The experiment in the Pensim benchmark validates the proposed method.


The shallow-deep instability of double and single donors in multi-valley semi- conductors using the model Hamiltonian is studied. The obtained results describe properly the properties of double donors (in D0 and D+ state) in Ge and single deep donors in A1xGa1- x As for 0.3 < x < 0.5.


A cobalt(II)-catalyzed C−H Bond esterification of picolinamides with bifunctional silver carboxylate has been developed. The operationally simple esterification allows us for the efficient synthesis of 8-functionalized 1-naphthylamine (up to 94%...


When a writer is evaluated,his life ideal should be considered as an important factor.Normally,life ideal includes life attitude,life feelings,life experience,life beliefs and etc.These elements relate to the political thoughts and literature and art beliefs.Liang Shiqiu's life ideal is based on both freedom ideas and ideas of traditional culture,and shows the feature of vulgar tendency.Yashe Yiwen reflects his special feelings on the public benefits of populace and social equality.Understanding Liang Shiqiu from life ideal perspective,could draw a conclusion that Chinese liberalism writers belong to the progressive literature camp.


Middle and little Companies is Very important to the economic development of China. So in the keen market Competition, it's necessary for the managers of middle and little Companies to find space of living and development.


The invention discloses a transmission method of increasing covering ability, comprising: setting transmission time interval in N lengths, wherein the length of TTI is larger than/equal to 0.675 m/s, N is an integer larger than/equal to 1; determining TTI for the user equipment to perform up running in N TTI, indicating the determined TTI to UE for up running transmission. In addition, the invention also discloses a transmission system and a device of increasing covering ability. The technical scheme provided by the invention increases up running transmission covering ability of the system.


It is known that drawing linear diagrams with few line segments produces cognitively effective diagrams. However, methods to minimise the number of line segments in a diagram have not been investigated. In this Abstract, we report on four different approaches to drawing linear diagrams: creating a drawing order based on sets; creating a drawing order based on set-intersections; simulated annealing; and a transformation to another problem, in this case the Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP). We tested each of these approaches on a corpus of 440 linear diagrams with a range of characteristics. The algorithm which produced the lowest number of line segments in a diagram was based on the Lin-Kernighan algorithm for solving instances of TSP. The second contribution of the work is the corpus of 440 linear diagrams, which can be used as a benchmark set of problems for others who seek other solutions to the problem of drawing linear diagrams.


588 Background: The involvement of axially lymph nodes (ALN) might be changed by neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). The purpose of this study is to investigate the usefulness of sequential FDG-PET/CT for prediction of axillary nodal status after NAC. Methods: A total of 78 stage II or III breast cancer patients who received neoadjuvant docetaxel/doxorubicin chemotherapy were enrolled in this prospective study. The patients received 3 cycles of NAC followed by curative surgery, either breast-conserving surgery or mastectomy with level II or III ALN dissection. FDG-PET/CTs were acquired before chemotherapy and after the first cycle of chemotherapy for early metabolic response and nodal prediction. We obtained chest CTs twice, before and after 3 cycles of NAC. Results: The overall response rate to NAC was 82.1%. Pathologic nodal complete responses (pN0) were obtained in 22 patients (28.3%). Patients with pN0 showed significantly lower post-NAC ALN SUV than those who were pN+ (1.22 ± 1.43 in pN0 vs. 2.13 ± 1.99 ...


Network is considered naturally as a wide range of different contexts, such as biological systems, social relationships as well as various technological scenarios. Investigation of the dynamic phenomena taking place in the network, determination of the structure of the network and community and description of the interactions between various elements of the network are the key issues in network analysis. One of the huge network structure challenges is the identification of the node(s) with an outstanding structural position within the network. The popular method for doing this is to calculate a measure of centrality. We examine node centrality measures such as degree, closeness, eigenvector, Katz and subgraph centrality for undirected networks. We show how the Katz centrality can be turned into degree and eigenvector centrality by considering limiting cases. Some existing centrality measures are linked to matrix functions. We extend this idea and examine the centrality measures based on general matrix functions and in particular, the logarithmic, cosine, sine, and hyperbolic functions. We also explore the concept of generalised Katz centrality. Various experiments are conducted for different networks generated by using random graph models. The results show that the logarithmic function in particular has potential as a centrality measure. Similar results were obtained for real-world networks.


We are pleased to see Mr. McClary shed more light on the concept of a generalized primary. To construct the generalized primary of the nth interface as a transmitted output signal in the upper half‐space for the input wavelet −X in the lower half‐space not only indicates that this can be done, but that the construction is appealing and that it clarifies the entire concept.


Uniquely identifying visual content remains a challenging issue for a large variety of nowadays applications, as video browsing, database search and multimedia security, for instance. In this respect, our study brought to light a simple yet efficient fingerprinting technique allowing short video sequences to be tracked. Three corpora, all of them containing 3780 video excerpts, with different excerpts lengths (20 seconds, 40 seconds and 60 seconds) were considered in the experiments. The quantitative results established that the average probability errors for both missed detection and false alarm are lower than 0.0007. These good practical results derive from the very fine mathematical properties of stationarity governing the DWT coefficients representing the fingerprint.


Abstract This article uses several liquid diffusion models to describe convective drying of bananas cut into cylindrical pieces. A two-dimensional numerical solution of the diffusion equation with boundary condition of the third kind, obtained through the finite volume method, was used to describe the process. The cylindrical pieces were cut into the following dimensions: length of about 21 mm and average radius of 15 mm. Drying air temperatures were 40°C, 50°C, 60°C and 70°C. In order to determine the process parameters, an optimizer was coupled with the numerical solution. A model that considers the shrinkage and variable effective moisture diffusivity well describes drying for all the experimental conditions, and enables to predict the moisture distributions at any given time. For this model, the determination coefficient has varied from 0.99937 (70°C) to 0.99995 (40°C), while the chi-square ranged from 3.41 × 10−4 (40°C) to 4.15 × 10−3 (70°C).


Introduction: Recurrent implantation failure (RIF) is a clinical entity which refers to a situation when implantation has repeatedly failed to reach a stage when there is no objective evidence of a pregnancy. There may be various causes of implantation failure, that is, quality of oocyte and sperms, endometrial receptivity, and few recent studies have suggested that genital infection may be the cause of RIF. Material and methods: A total of 114 women were enrolled in the study and were divided in two Study group • (Group 1) − Women with 2 to 3 IVF implantation failure • Control (Group 2) − Women presenting with other cause of infertility. After initial work up, vaginal, endocervical swab, and endometrial biopsy were taken from both the groups on day 26 to day 28 of the menses and were sent to the same laboratory. Vaginal swab were examined for Gram's stain, and culture. Cervical swab for Pap smear and endometrial biopsy were examined for culture, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry. Results: The incidence of infertility was more common in the age group of 31 to 40 years and incidence of RIF was more after 40 years. Most common factor in our study causing RIF was tubal factor followed by Decreased ovarian reserve (DOR). Incidence of CD138 positivity was more common in women with RIF compared to women with other factors of infertility. Conclusion: Our study showed that CD138 positive status is more common in women presenting with RIF and it is also associated with abnormal histopathological findings of endometrium. To evaluate its treatment and effect on future fertility studies with larger sample size is required.


Twelve gemstones set into the cover of an elaborately decorated leather-bound manuscript, the Tours Gospel, 'Evangelia Quatuor', held in the British Library (Add. MS. 11848), were identified by Raman microscopy to be composed of silica, amethyst, emerald (probable, 3), iron garnet (3) and sapphire (3), one not being identified. The brilliant illuminations within the manuscript (ca 825 AD) were established by Raman studies at 215 locations on 13 folios to have been painted with a restricted palette, which included carbon black, indigo, lead white, minium, orpiment and vermilion, together with certain mixtures of the above pigments. Gold was also used but, notably, not lazurite. The palette was compared with those found for the earlier Lindisfarne Gospels (ca 715 AD), part of a later Anglo-Saxon manuscript (ca 920 AD), a Paris Bible (1267 AD) and certain Gutenberg Bibles (1455 AD). Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Recently, RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) has become one of the advanced technologies in many applications, such as the logistics management, material processing, medical treatment, traffic transportation, security patrol, animal control and spatial locating. A prototype of RFID system worked for the path detection under an indoor environment was designed and developed by this study. This RFID system was prepared by creating an experiment environment, writing the spatial-related information into the tags, and setting up those tags properly. While reading the stored data between the RFID reader and tags, the moving object's location can be effectively provided. Associated with the time information, the trajectory, distance and speed of the moving object can also be computed by the system. By also setting up the authorized zones, the moving object is then capable of being alerted, recorded and managed. This RFID prototype has presented its path detection function, and shown its potential to practically develop such an application system.


The concept of separation of variables traditionally unites with the Fourier method of solving of differential equations in partial derivatives. The most universal scheme of its many generalizations is described by Kaleniuk et al. (1993). Its main idea consists of a choice of a problem partial solution with a more complicated structure. In the solution of many-dimensional integral equations a different variational-iterative generalization of variables separation is used. The solution is obtained approximately in the form of a series. The members of this series are functions with separated variables. They are calculating successively to satisfy the condition of minimization of corresponding functionals. Each new step of the method permits one to calculate a new member of the series and also makes the solution of the equation accurate. In this paper the method of the generalized separation of variables for solving a two-dimensional integral equation is set forth, its particle basis is examined, and some numerical results are shown.


The generalized censored block model considers the problem of inferring hidden binary variables from observations that are outputs of pairwise measurements from a symmetric channel. We give an exact formula for the stability threshold of density evolution by using an analysis of the potential functional of the model. In this model the phase transition is continuous so that this threshold is also the one for partial recovery of hidden variables. The formula is valid for all symmetric channels and generalizes the one already known for binary symmetric channels. We also give a bound on the finite slope of the Bhattacharyya parameter at the stability threshold. Finally, we briefly discuss implications for a heuristic derivation of the replica formula for the conditional entropy of the model.


Lattice size $\operatorname{ls_\Delta}(P)$ of a lattice polytope $P$ is an important invariant, which was formally introduced in relation to the problem of bounding the total degree and the bi-degree of the defining equation of an algebraic curve, but appeared implicitly earlier in geometric combinatorics. In this paper, we show that for an empty lattice polytope $P\subset\mathbb{R}^3$ there exists a reduced basis of $\mathbb{Z}^3$ which computes its lattice size $\operatorname{ls_\Delta}(P)$. This leads to a fast algorithm for computing $\operatorname{ls_\Delta}(P)$ for such $P$. We also extend this result to another class of lattice width one polytopes $P\subset\mathbb{R}^3$. We then provide a counterexample demonstrating that this result does not hold true for an arbitrary lattice polytope $P\subset\mathbb{R}^3$ of lattice width one.


Although roughly one third of married couples report significant relationship distress, one survey suggested that fewer than one fifth of distressed couples and only about one third of divorcing couples tried couples therapy. Time conflicts, finances, and stigma can be obstacles. To test the efficacy of a Web-based intervention, investigators (2 with financial interests in the intervention) recruited 300 heterosexual couples to participate in a "marriage counseling alternative." At least one …


The present invention is an organic material deposition apparatus and relates to a substrate mounting method of the organic material deposition equipment, and more particularly, a large area able in the process of performing an organic substance deposited on the substrate to prevent sagging of the substrate is brought in the substrate deflection prevention means It relates to an organic material deposition apparatus comprising a. That is, the present invention is the organic material deposition in the equipment, an inner space isolated from the outside, and having a gate for opening and closing the entrance and the exit, or the substrates are brought out from one side of the deposition chamber; Moving the substrate and that the pulling force provided install and to government substrate by the tensile force providing government provided at one side, but supported by the urging force provided by said each substrate for both sides of the substrate are provided on the upper side within the chamber government in an outward direction to the substrate mounting table to provide tension to the substrate; It provides an organic material deposition apparatus according to claim including; control unit for the substrate and controlling the pulling force provided by the pressing force and a tensile force providing units provided by the government. Organic material deposition apparatus, the substrate, the deflection, the substrate mounting table, the substrate fixing portion, a tensile force providing unit, the load cell (Load Cell)


Fullerene balls, tubes and onions, W. Kratschmer production and properties of fullerene relatives - metallofullerenes and single layer nanotubes, D.S. Bethune electronic structure of La@Carbon-82 and Carbon-82 - photoemission investigations, J.H. Weaver vibrational studies of fullerene-based solids, P.C. Eklund Allen's formula and Raman scattering from metallic fullerides, M.J. Rice mechanistic aspects of generation and intercalation of fullerenes, R. Schlogl structure and dynamics of superconducting fullerides, K. Prassides the influence of intermolecular Coulomb interaction in Carbon-60 compounds, G. Sawatzky identification of the lowest forbidden exciton in Carbon-60 single crystals, C. Taliani current trends in fullerene applications, H. Ter Meer nanotube properties and graphite origame, F.W. Ebbesen. (Part contents).


In the present study four different groundnut varieties such as T-64,Tg-37A, TRG-4(Trg-4) and Karad 4-11(K411) were grown under different geographical places in India. Physicochemical characteristics of collected groundnut seeds and their extracted oils were determined for their nutritional assay. It was found that the seeds contained in the range of extracted oil, the specific gravity, viscosities, impurities, refractive index and colour of the extracted groundnut seed oil were in the range of 38.98-41.49(±1.089), 0.915-0.9162(± 0.0005) , 91.49-91.62 (± 0.0548), 0.025-0.06 (± 0.0147) , 1.4626-1.4638 (± 0.0006) and 1.24-2.32 (± 0.4741) yellow units respectively. AV (mg KOH/g oil), IV (g I2/100 g oil), SV (mg KOH/ g oil), ester value and unsaponifiable matter content (%) of the extracted oil from groundnut seeds were in the range of 1.99-3.38 (± 0.6084), 90.8-93.65 (± 1.2234),190.52-194.06(± 1.7525) ,188.31-191.84(± 1.8684) and 0.52-0.64 % (± 0.0529) respectively. This study is empirical and on the basis of finding it revealed that groundnut seed oil can be a valuable source of edible oil.


Exploring the performance of nanoscale multiferroic materials is a significant challenge because the physical properties of these materials vary dramatically on this scale. In the present work, BiFeO3 (BFO) nanoparticles are synthesized by a facile sol-gel method, producing homogeneous spherical nanoparticles whose Raman modes and binding energies coincide with pure rhombohedral perovskite BFO. The dramatic magnetic properties of nanoscale BFO with diameters in the range of 50–130 nm are explored by analyzing the temperature and field dependence of magnetization, and detailed zero-field cooling and field cooling magnetization curves show that interparticle interactions play a constructive role in increasing the magnetic response. Moreover, BFO nanoparticles have two absorption regions in the range of 2–18 GHz, and the minimum reflection loss is −18 dB. The finite-size effect is discussed as the primary mechanism for enhancing the ferromagnetism and microwave absorption, and the results provide a feasible route for designing multifunctional materials.Exploring the performance of nanoscale multiferroic materials is a significant challenge because the physical properties of these materials vary dramatically on this scale. In the present work, BiFeO3 (BFO) nanoparticles are synthesized by a facile sol-gel method, producing homogeneous spherical nanoparticles whose Raman modes and binding energies coincide with pure rhombohedral perovskite BFO. The dramatic magnetic properties of nanoscale BFO with diameters in the range of 50–130 nm are explored by analyzing the temperature and field dependence of magnetization, and detailed zero-field cooling and field cooling magnetization curves show that interparticle interactions play a constructive role in increasing the magnetic response. Moreover, BFO nanoparticles have two absorption regions in the range of 2–18 GHz, and the minimum reflection loss is −18 dB. The finite-size effect is discussed as the primary mechanism for enhancing the ferromagnetism and microwave absorption, and the results provide a feasible ...


This paper focuses on the Arabic Study Circle and the role of its most influential member Joseph Perdu. It shows how the public life of the organization could not continue to bear the ambiguity of the identity of Perdu. Ultimately, there were attempts to 'expose' the 'real' Perdu and therefore the 'real' Arabic Study Circle. This essay raises the question of public performances of identity and their relations to private pursuits of identity.


This article presents the results of measurements of environmental noise in respect to infrasounds. Infrasound sources whose levels depend on wind speed have been analyzed. The measurements were done for two common natural sources in the environment: forest noise and sea waves, and for an artificial (technical) source: wind turbines. On the basis of results of measurements we have made an attempt of assessment of potential threat to people. Drawing conclusions from analyses it can be said that infrasound noise levels emitted by wind turbines do not reach levels causing threat to people; they can be compared to natural sources noise levels, common in environment.


The aim of this research was to explore the differences between entrepreneurship spirit of students based on ownership of the concepts (OC) and science process skills (SPS) aspect using by BTE model and conventional model. The population of the research was students grade XI consisted of 4 classes. The samples were selected by using purposive sampling and Questionnaire to choose two classes as experiment class taught by BTE model and control class taught by conventional model. The variables of this research were: (1) independent variables are BTE and conventional model. (2) Dependent variables are the development SPS and OC of students, as dependent variables and (3) Control variables are time allocation, text book, instrument test, material, and teacher. Test instrument that used in this research were 24 items that had been valid from 40 items. The result showed that this model is very significance to improve the ability of students in learning chemistry, especially on colloidal systems topic. The statistical data analysis of research showed that gain of ownership of the concepts aspect in experiment class is (76.10 ± 8.33) and control class is (55.63 ± 8.91) and gain of science process skills in experiment class is (80.64 ± 6.91) and control class is (62.47 ± 7.98). Based on the test hypothesis I gain values at the significance α = 5% showed that tcount > ttable (9.22>1.55). Therefore Ha received and Ho refused. Thus, OC taught by BTE model is higher than OC taught by conventional model. While in Hypothesis II showed that tcount > ttable (9.43>1.701). Therefore received Ha and refused Ha. Thus, SPS taught by BTE model is higher than SPS taught by conventional model. Hyothesis III showed there is relation with regression equation Y = 26.59 + 0.71x, by comparing Fcount = 27.99 to F table (0,05)(1)(28) = 4.20, it could be concluded that Ha received. It means there is a relation, which its percentage relation is 68.57%. The yen of students in entrepreneurship case at experiment class is 23.33%, which categorized high, 6.67%, which categorized enough, 20%, which categorized less, while in control class is 13.33%, which categorized high, 10%, which categorized enough, 53.33%,which categorized less and 23.33% students at control class is not interest to be an entrepreneur.


This article shows that a relational approach to the notion of cultural capital may shed light on how stratification and the mechanisms of social domination have developed in France. By using several studies focused on a range of social classes, it demonstrates how cultural capital is being used in changing ways, at every level of the social hierarchy. The article is intended to move away from a substantialist definition of cultural capital, which cannot be solely defined by its contents, such as an educational degree or a collection of cultural practices. In order to understand the transformations of the boundaries between social classes, it is necessary to analyse developments in the relationship between cultural and economic capitals, and between cultural capital's incorporated, objectified and institutionalized forms.


We model the behavior of an ideal liquid junction, across a porous and possibly charged medium between two ion-containing solutions, by means of the Nernst–Planck equation for the stationary state, in conditions of local electroneutrality. An analytical solution of the equation was found long ago by Planck for the uncharged junction with only ions of valences +1 and −1. Other analytical results, which have later been obtained also for more general situations, seem impractical for performing calculations. In this paper, we obtain analytical solutions for systems with up to three valence classes, which can be applied to perform numerical calculations in a straightforward way. Our method provides a much larger amount of information on the behavior of the system than the well-known Henderson's approximation. At the same time, it is more simple and reliable, and much less demanding in terms of computational effort, than the nowadays commonly employed numerical methods, typically based on discrete integration and trial-and-error numerical inversions. We present some examples of practical applications of our results. We study in particular the uphill transport (i.e., the transport from the lower-concentration to the higher-concentration region) of a divalent cation in a liquid junction containing also other univalent anions and cations.


Magnesium (Mg) alloy reinforced Polylactic acid (PLA) matrix composites have become more widely available to use in biomedical applications. It has been shown that the incorporation of Mg particle in PLA/Mg composites can improve the mechanical properties of the composites. At the same time, the PLA reduces the high degradation rate and H2 release of the Magnesium. The composite film of MgZn-Polylactic acid with Mg:Zn ratio of 5:1, 3:1, and 1:1 using Tetrahydrofuran (THF) and Chloroform as solvent was synthesized. The surface morphology of the synthesized composites film was observed using a scanning electron microscope. The particle dispersion was characterized using energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. The mechanical properties of the PLA/Mg composites were determined by a tensile test using a universal testing machine. When the composites contain the highest amount of Mg:Zn ratio, the morphological of the composites become "nugget" like caused by the particle agglomeration. The result obtained from EDS characterization shows that the chloroform solvent was able to disperse the Mg and Zn particle better than THF. The less crystallization happened on the Chloroform solvent composite, showing the better result in the tensile test as the highest average of UTS of the composites was recorded at 5.66 MPa.


The present invention relates to a method for supporting a self-organization network and an apparatus for the same. Particularly, the method comprises the steps of: transmitting, by a first base station, a broadcasting message including the operation rate of the first base station; comparing, by a second base station, the operation rate of the first base station and the operation rate of the second base station using the broadcasting message; and performing, by the second base station, turning-off if the operation rate of the second base station is lower than the operation rate of the first base station, wherein the first base station and the second base station form a cluster by means of Delaunay triangulation.


This work is devoted to the accurate simulation of incompressible two phase ows. The core of our methodology is the use of interface resolving meshes and the arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) description of the uid kinematics. Our numerical scheme is based on second order nite elements, a fractional step time discretisation, and a special approximation of the curvature to incorporate surface tension ee cts. We demonstrate the potential of the proposed numerical method by the simulation of a rising bubble and the Rayleigh-Taylor instability problem.


This paper investigates whether and how futures market sentiment and stock market returns heterogeneously affect the trading activities of institutional investors in the spot market in Taiwan. Our empirical results suggest that foreign investors are net sellers whenever futures market sentiment is bullish and net buyers when investor sentiment is bearish. The two types of domestic institutional investors have poor sentiment timing abilities and the price-pressure effect may account for the behavioral differences among institutional investors. In addition, all three institutional investors are momentum traders. Nevertheless, the momentum trading of foreigners is consistent with an information-based model and that of two local institutional investors, as behavior-based models suggest. This indicates that the same trading momentum strategy can lead to different outcomes for different investors, and both information- and behavior-based momentum trading can exist contemporaneously in the Taiwanese stock market.


The gravitational deposition and coagulation of aerosols were studied experimentally based on the COSTTHES (Containment Source-Term and Thermal Hydraulics Experiment System) facility and numerically investigated based on a continuous general dynamic equation; the experimental and the numerical results were in good agreement. In the present study, the applicability of the zero-dimensional model for deposition and coagulation of aerosols was verified. A considerable distortion can occur due to the coagulation of the aerosol, which significantly influenced the removal rate of the aerosol with a diameter greater than 0.76 µm, and the dynamic shape factor value of the aerosol used in the present experiment was obtained as 4. In the experimental and numerical studies, it was found that the combined effect of the gravitational deposition and coagulation of the aerosol can increase the number density of the aerosol with specific diameters, and the concentration-increment size would increase as settling continued.


A new heteroditopic ligand, cyanomethylene-bis(5,5-dimethyl-2-oxo-1,3,2λ5-dioxa-phosphorinane) 1 (bphosCN), has been reacted with Fe(ClO4)3 to afford the mononuclear complex Fe(bphosCN)32 which crystallized in the cubic system, space group Pa. The iron center, chelated by the oxygen atoms of the ligand, shows an almost perfect octahedral geometry, with the CN groups disposed at 120° each other. Further reaction with AgClO4 provided the heterometallic coordination polymer ∞2{[(Fe(bphosCN)3)3Ag3(H2O)2]·(ClO4)3} 3 as the unique crystalline polymorph, in the monoclinic space group P21/a. The targeted 2D honeycomb type structure has been achieved through an interplay between coordinative CN–Ag bonds and CN⋯H2O bonds. The magnetic measurements demonstrate the existence of isolated paramagnetic Fe(III) centers in both complexes.


In order to explore how English interpreting can achieve automatic scoring, the author proposes an automatic scoring model for English interpreting based on semantic scoring. This method recommends key technical problems and solutions based on information represented by semantic scoring, and explores the research on how interpreting can achieve automatic scoring of oral examinations. Research has shown that, the automatic scoring of English interpretation based on semantic scoring is faster than traditional methods, and the efficiency is improved by about 75%. However, the current automatic scoring of interpreters faces huge challenges. It needs to be tested and improved in more teaching, learning, and testing practice. The automatic scoring of interpretation should consider multiple dimensions such as semantic accuracy, content integrity, expressive fluency, and language authenticity.


Summary Synovial sarcoma is an uncommon mesenchymal neoplasm that is most prevalent in young adults. We report five cases of synovial sarcoma localized in the foot. These occurred in adults (average age 36.6 years) with a male predominance (three cases). Two cases were localized in the plantar soft tissue, and one each in the dorsum, sinus tarsi and second metatarsal. Histologically four tumours were of the biphasic subtypes and one was of the spindle shaped monophasic type. The treatment was primarily surgical, consisting of amputation in all cases, three patients received adjuvant chemotherapy, and one patient radiation. Three patients survived 5 years and one patient survived 10 years. Survival was longer than that of synovial sarcoma in other locations.


Dielectric Mie resonators are taking momentum in the last years thanks to their peculiar properties in light management at visible and near-infrared frequencies. However, their full exploitation demands for cheap materials and versatile fabrication methods, extendible over large surfaces and potentially C-MOS compatible. Here, a sol-gel deposition and nano-imprint lithography method is used to obtain Titania-based Mie resonators over large areas (several mm 2), showing that this platform can potentially be exploited for light management with different devices. First, it is demonstrated their use for structural colours and efficient band pass filters covering the visible spectrum. Then, exploiting sharp Fano resonances in reflection, their potential for refractive index sensing is addressed obtaining a figure of merit of ~20. Finally, when placing the resonators on porous silica, a large and reversible colour tuning can be produced as a result of water adsorption within the substrate porosity. These results open the path to Titania sub-micrometric structures for applications as a multi-functional metamaterial for smart windows, displays and all-optical sensing.


A few weeks into the year 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic radically altered the nature of social interactions and economic activity in all regions across the globe. By the first week of April 2020, 3.9 billion people – more than half the worldwide population – were under some form of lockdown. Since the inception of the COVID-19 pandemic, the IMF increased admittance to emergency funding amenities and delivered about $11 billion in emergency funding to a plethora of African countries including Ghana. This was to salvage the economic crisis that these countries were facing. However, this helped only temporarily and thus, people living in poverty, especially in Ghana started becoming apprehensive. In essence, this study looks at the role of the international community in the management of covid-19 in Ghana. It also briefly examines the effect of the pandemic on property crime. The research is supported by various schorlarly perspectives and a thorough examination of practical and theoretical knowledge in order to contribute to the existing body of literature. The observational research method was used in this reading, and empirical statistics was gathered from public and private sector authorities. The work was qualitatively infused and relied on rudimentary statistics (frequency and percentages). The data was gathered from both primary and secondary sources. The study found that more males were involved in the fight against the pandemic, and the lockdown was managed well. It also established that a global central database was used in creating awareness of the pandemic and that despite the support from the international community, deaths from the pandemic prevailed. Increased participation of and collaboration among stakeholders at the local authority was recommended.


Image segmentation is the process of finding out all non-overlapping distinct regions from the given image based on certain criteria such as intensity, color, texture or shape. This paper proposes a two level hybrid non classical model for image segmentation based on pixel color and texture features of the image. The first level uses Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) unsupervised method to form a clustering among all the pixels based on color and texture properties. And the second level uses supervised methods [Classification Tree and Adaboost] for color learning and pixel classification, with the prior knowledge of the image obtained from the FCM. Experiment was conducted for the three different supervised classification methods including Support Vector Machine (SVM) and their performances are analysed. From the results, it is inferred that Adaboost classifier increases accuracy and reduces misclassification error when compared to Classification Tree and SVM methods.


erary tradition in China, this was by no means an easy task. This effort was further complicated by persistent denominational differences. Joyce Chan's important monograph focuses on the Bible translations of William Dean (–), a member of the American Baptist Missionary Union. The author describes in considerable detail Dean's distinct approach against the background of the controversy surrounding the influential Delegates' Version of the Bible that was produced by inter-denominational committees in the late s and early s. The disagreement erupted over the so-called 'term question', namely the problem of selecting the most suitable translation terms for biblical concepts such as 'God', 'Holy Spirit' and 'souls'. Another matter of particular importance to Dean concerns the appropriate translation of 'baptizo' (βαπτιζο), i.e. the teaching of believer's baptism by immersion, an 'issue that touched the core of Baptist identity' (p. ). Yet Dean argued that finding appropriate terms was not enough. In order to present the Christian message in distinctive Chinese cultural terms without losing the original meaning, he insisted that in addition to meaningful translation of the Bible extensive explanatory commentary was required. Explanatory notes were, however, rejected by both the American Bible Society and the British and Foreign Bible Society at that time. Chan devotes considerable space to the forces that shaped Dean's approach to evangelism and Bible translation. At Hamilton Literary and Theological Institution in upstate New York he learned to combine modern methodology (German school of historical criticism) as the foundation of biblical scholarship with the Evangelical fervour of the Second Great Awakening. Although Dean's annotated Chinese study Bibles failed to achieve its deserved recognition, Chan nevertheless calls him 'a pioneer and prophetic voice in establishing Chinese biblical scholarship' (p. ) whose making of the Chinese Bible represented a triumph for 'religious freedom' (p. ). Chan certainly offers helpful background information concerning the Chinese historical and cultural context. The work contains, however, certain inaccuracies. Note, for instance, her comment that Robert Morrison had to pay a fine 'for the Chefoo provincial government to release his employees' (p. ). The source cited by her actually reads 'to the office of the Chefoo', that is to say, the local prefect (zhifu) at Canton. She states, furthermore, that Dean wrote his commentaries on Genesis and Matthew in response to the Taiping rebel leader Hong Xiuquan's false interpretation of the Bible (pp. –). However, they were published in / and /, respectively, well before foreign missionaries had any knowledge of the Taiping Rebellion. These and a few other minor blemishes do not detract from the excellent quality of this well-researched and informative study of an alternative approach to contextualising the Christian message.


This study determined the effects of benzene concentration on growth and survival rate of spotted babylon (Babylonia areolata Link 1807) during the capsule egg, veliger larva, settled juvenile, juvenile and adult stages. Six benzene concentrations, i.e, 0, 1, 5, 25, 50 and 100 μl/L, were tested. Spotted babylon at different developmental stages were cultured in a closed recirculating system for one week. It was found that egg capsules reared in seawater without benzene had the highest survival rate standing at 90%. However, the embryonic development from cleavage to trochophore took 48 hours, which was slower than usual. This suggested that benzene can delay the embryonic development in egg capsules. To determine the effect of benzene on verliger larvae, spotted babylon with average shell length of 535.00±20.34 micrometers, raised at the density of 400 spotted babylons per liter and fed with Chaetoceros, was used. It was found that those reared in a treatment without benzene had the highest shell growth and survival rate (p<0.05). In contrast, verliger larvae cultured in seawater at benzene concentrations of 25, 50 and 100 μl/L did not move their vela, resulting in low average shell growth and survival rates. To examine the effect of benzene on initial settled juveniles, spotted babylon with average shell length of 1577.22±12.24 micrometers was raised at the density of 8,000 spotted babylons per m2 and fed with yellow stripe trevally meat. The results showed that those in the treatment without benzene had the highest shell growth and survival rates, while the lowest shell growth and survival rate were noted in the 100 μl/L benzene treatment. For initial juveniles with shell length of 1.57±0.19 centimeters at a density of 400 initial juveniles per liter, it was found that those in treatment without benzene had the highest shell growth and weight gain rates, while the lowest shell growth and weight gain rate was again noted in the 100 μl/L benzene treatment (p<0.05). Nevertheless, the survival rates across different groups were not significantly different. Regarding burrowing behavior of juveniles, the data showed that there was the highest number of juveniles exhibiting such behavior in the 1 μl/L benzene treatment group, while the highest number of juveniles exhibiting attachment behavior was in the 100 μl/L benzene treatment group. In addition, all spotted babylon adults across all treatment groups were found to have 100% survival rate. Furthermore, benzene was found to increase the size of digestive cells in livers. Average cell sizes of digestive cells were 4.14 and 5.09 micrometers in the treatment without benzene and in the 100 μl/L benzene treatment, respectively.


Medical visual question answering (Med-VQA) has tremendous potential in healthcare. However, the development of this technology is hindered by the lacking of publicly-available and high-quality labeled datasets for training and evaluation. In this paper, we present a large bilingual dataset, SLAKE, with comprehensive semantic labels annotated by experienced physicians and a new structural medical knowledge base for Med-VQA. Besides, SLAKE includes richer modalities and covers more human body parts than the currently available dataset. We show that SLAKE can be used to facilitate the development and evaluation of Med-VQA systems. The dataset can be downloaded from http://www.med-vqa.com/slake.


Oil refineries production cycles have changed chastically over the years. The factors which have contributed to the acceleration of the reorganisation process are mainly of an environmental nature, e.g. the increase of medium distillates, the reduction of sulphur in fuels, the reduction of lead in gasoline and environmental impact problems. Visbreaking processes have been widely reintroduced, hydrodesulphurization units have been improved, catalytic processes such as derivaxing have been developed and adopted. Innovative steam reforming systems have been introduced to meet the greater internal demand for hydrogen. The need to produce unleaded gasoline has caused the reforming-isomerization cycle to be modified and the MTBE plant to be builts within the refineries. The concept of gassifying wastes and tar to produce clean electrical energy which can also be marketed to third parties has been accepted by everybody


work on a Olbia with out-of-town roads, archaeological interventions have taken place scientifically but necessarily very rapidly. The excavations have been carried out by the archaeological Soprintendenza of the Provinces of Sassari and Nuoro, directed by the present writer and Drs Giovanna Pietra and Giuseppe Pisanu. On the north side of the excavated area, the first part to be examined, the remains of five medieval wrecks have been recovered plus eight of a fleet which sank in the 6th century AD. However, work has concentrated on R13, which belonged to the Roman navy. This wreck has a surviving length of 12.1 m and width of 7.8 m. Initial theories have been confirmed by the archaeological evidence: Late Roman wrecks were found moored side by side and perpendicular to the shoreline with their prows in the same direction. They were deliberately sunk only after they had been carefully stripped of anything which could be reused. Other evidence supports the idea that this was related to a war event, such as a Vandal attack on the ancient town, and not to a natural disaster. On the other hand, some medieval boats were intentionally sunk, or scuppered, when the port was reconstructed in the 10th-1 lth centuries AD (Giudicale Period). On this occasion the Pisans used them like caissons to hold stone and gravel for the foundations of new piers in deep water. In autumn 2001 work began on the southern part of the tunnel where a different situation exists. Besides the remains of three Late Roman boats, there is a large homogeneous context which can be dated between the reigns of Nero and Vespasian. This dating is based on a sealed layer of Late Italic and Gaulish wares with production stamps, oil lamps and glassware. In this context there has been found, in addition to a fragment of a small boat, the remains of a naval shipyard. Among new and reused timbers, the stock of a shipyard that a flood probably swept away and buried, a very important element has been found. This is a 7.6 m length of the mast from a large ship (Figs 1-3). The base of the mast has a curved tenon which projects for 18 cm and which would have fitted in a mast-step. For about 1 m above this the mast is octagonal in section and has a rectangular socket. Then there is a transition to a circular section 0.42 m in


The invention relates to a method of testing a wafer, wherein in said wafer (W), a current flow is generated and a resulting physical parameters will gemesser. the method is characterized, that advantageously is measured as the physical parameter an electric resistance (R). an arrangement on a wafer or a Hall-effect sensor, which enable the measuring of such resistance are advantageous accordingly. Also advantageous is a review of the further signal path by generating a signal as it would be generated by a magnetic field.


The number of radio frequency identification (RFID) applications in different industries increases continuously. But, there are few cases about application of RFID in hospitality industry. In this research, we study the application of RFID by a resort village. This case located at Kenting on the southern part of Taiwan. Since 2008, the resort village extends RFID application projects – Ubiquitous full-heart service establishing project. In order to promote service quality in tourism industry, extension of more application of RFID or technology is convenient. High-quality services improve customer satisfaction, increase market share, and enhance profitability of service organizations. This case makes both internal service systems "RFID" and "WLAN" platform in data exchange for each others. And there are eight sub-system and 28 modules within this system. These systems provide not only standardization in operation but also a condition of healthful and careful stay for tourists.


To investigate the effects of quetiapine on thyroid function tests in newly diagnosed schizophrenic patients. Thirty subjects with schizophrenia, were treated openly with quetiapine .Diagnosis of schizophrenia was made according to DSM-IV criteria of American Psychiatric Association. Another thirty healthy individual participated in the study as a control group. Thyroid data, consisting of values for thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), total triiodothyronine (TT3 ), and total thyroxine (TT4). TSH, TT3, and TT4 were measured by radioimmunoassay. Measurements of patient's thyroid data were done before and after 3 months of therapy (Suggested period of the research) with quetiapine and at the start of the research for the controls. Comparison of TSH, TT3 and TT4 of the control group and those of patients before treatment shows a non significant differences for all parameters. Comparison between TSH, TT3 and TT4 values before and after treatment with quetiapine shows only a significant reduction of TT4 values (P<0.001). This study shows that 3 months therapy with quetiapine leads to a reduction of TT4 concentration in the serum of schizophrenic patients.


The title compound, C15H20O3, was obtained from Angelica polymorpha and shows antifeedant activity. The penta-1,3diene fragment is essentially planar and the planarity extends to the adjacent C and O atoms of the benzofuran system. The six-membered ring of this system adopts a distorted chair conformation. The penta-1,3-diene fragment is essentially planar and the planarity extends to the adjacent C and O atoms of the benzofuran system. In the crystal structure, intermolecular O—H O hydrogen bonds form zigzag rows along b and weak C—H O interactions further stabilize the structure.


Chapter 7 considers the potential of ethnographies of World Heritage cities
 by retracing the experience of Melaka in juxtaposition with a number of
 other studies of Asian World Heritage cities, especially those located in East
 and Southeast Asia. A further analysis on urban transformation around
 other heritage villages expands the previous reflection on patrimonial
 hierarchies, inequality, and World Heritage exclusions. The chapter ends
 with a postscript, which introduces queries for future research. Substantial
 questions stem from the unprecedented, if brief, power shift from Barisan
 Nasional to Pakatan Harapan.


: With the rapid progress of science and technology, the form of image expression has become more diversified, and MG animation is therefore more and more favored by artists. Using flat style graphics and text movement, MG Animation presents content and conveys information with unique style and simplicity. MG animation is created with a minimalist production method and movement of picture elements. It integrates the minimalist concept of "less is more" into the public service promotion, which meets the aesthetic needs of the audience. This paper takes the creation and research of MG animation for public welfare publicity as the theme, takes the civilized propaganda animation of Wuxi Metro as an example, and explores the production method of the propaganda animation of Wuxi rail transit. This study will have a driving effect on the research of theme types of MG animation and the development of social public welfare undertakings.


The long-term work plan for the initial design phase of the McLennan County prestressed concrete pavement (PCP) overlay consisted of the determination of variables that are relevant to design, the development of models and design procedures, and the study of the effect of environmental factors on PCP slabs. The evaluation of the performance of PCP, with specific observation of horizontal slab displacements caused by changes in temperature, is discussed. The behavior of the PCP is characterized by the results of a field data analysis. The instrumentation of the PCP slabs is described, graphs of measured displacements of the slabs for daily temperature cycles are presented, and a regression analysis of the slab movements is discussed. Finally, conclusions and recommendations based on the instrumentation program and data analysis are outlined.