In order to study surrounding rock stability of inclined shaft in gravel stratum of Yili's First Coal Mine,the field tests on surrounding rock in no water and water-rich section of air shaft and material well were done respectively.The results show that①the surrounding rock of large section inclined shaft in no water gravel stratum is steady.Shed temporary support,reinforced concrete wall as a permanent support is an effective method of supporting.When driving in the use of excavators the whole section is dug,and temporary support in a timely manner.The length of temporary support according to the stability of surrounding rock to determine usually can be controlled in 20~30m.② The surrounding rock in water-rich gravel stratum is easy to instability.The combination support method of advanced support,temporary support and the permanent support should be adopted.Support should focus on water seepage or gushing water treatment face.The results can provide reference for Lili's mine building programs.


Encryption is one of the measures that ensure the security of images used in various fields such as military understanding, secure clinical imaging offices, Internet and intranet media, electronic banking, and individual association images such as Facebook, WhatsApp, Twitter, etc. On this huge number of images that are sent in a free and open link either during selection or messaging; Then their security ends up being a central need in individual insurance organizations and the arrangement. This article audits and summarizes various image encryption systems to further develop advanced image encryption strategies that operate with expanded flexibility and security.


On the basis of the theory of the beam with two generalized displacements,the differential equation of the sheared simple beam with two generalized displacement is derived,considing uniformly distributed load,and general solution is goven.At last,the exact solution is obtained under the boundary condition.


An analytical solution to the cylindrical SH wave diffraction around circular lined cavity is presented using wave function expansion method,and the precision of the solution is verified.Effects of the incident frequency,the distance between the wave source and the cavity,the buried depth of the cavity,and the lined stiffness on DSCF(dynamic stress concentration factor) are discussed by numerical results.It is shown that,there is distinct difference between the cylindrical wave diffraction and the plane wave diffraction around lined cavity and the DSCF is significantly dependent on the distance between the wave source and the cavity;there is a notable difference between cylindrical wave diffraction around lined cavity in half-space and that in whole-space,and the DSCF is closely related to the surface of half-space.


ShadowLightTM is a virtual reality application that provides a spatially immersive environment for rapid prototyping and design. Rather than restricting users to the fixed toolkit of artistic or construction-centric manipulators of traditional systems, it provides a novel degree of flexibility by supporting a plugin architecture that allows the designer to utilize highlevel components as the design media.


The Islamic finance industry continues to grow, and the Islamic banking and finance sector has made further progress in accomplishing a comprehensive Shariah based-contract regulatory framework. It is important to note that Islamic banking is built to meet the demand for Shariah compliant products and services. Furthermore, Islamic banking products, specifically the Islamic credit cards (ICCs), are catered for both Muslims and non-Muslims as alternative financing products. Unfortunately, the customers are having negative perception towards ICCs. They claimed that the products are similar to conventional credit cards (CCCs) and just merely change in terminologies. The awareness level also affected as the product is not widely promoted and marketed, and has caused the ICCs to lose competitive edge as compared to CCCs. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to investigate individual intention to have Shariah compliant credit cards, and also to examine the factors that influence intention towards Shariah compliant credit cards. The pilot study carried out on quantitative basis by distributing 100 questionnaires in Klang Valley and applying purposive sampling. Data was later undergoing relationship testing using structural equation modelling (SEM-PLS version 3.2.6). This study has developed a model to measure customers' intention towards Shariah-compliant credit cards (SC-CCs). The objectives of the proposed model are (1) to explore the dimensions of the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) with the integration of Islam Worldview (IWV), (2) to assess the robustness of TPB and IWV with attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioural control (PBC), religiosity, knowledge and Shariah compliance in influencing customer behaviour intention towards Shariah compliant financing products. The results showed three constructs i.e. attitude, PBC and Shariah compliance are significant with the intention towards Shariah-compliant credit cards. However, subjective norms, religiosity and knowledge are not significant with intention towards Shariah compliant credit cards.This study will contribute to new strategies of promoting and marketing Islamic financial products. By introducing new innovative approaches; highlighting the key features and benefits of Shariah compliance and compare to the conventional products, and change of product names to Shariah compliant instead of Islamic (e.g. Islamic credit cards to Shariah compliant credit cards), Islamic banking and finance will remain robust and competitive in expanding their market shares.


Introduction: Outcomes for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) among older patients has remained largely unchanged for decades. Long-term survival for patients aged >60 years is poor (median survival 10.5 months). Targeting the proteasome in AML is attractive, since leukemia stem cells have demonstrated sensitivity to proteasome inhibition in preclinical models, perhaps through down regulation of nuclear NF-KB (Guzman, Blood 2001). AML cell lines are susceptible to synergistic cytotoxicity when bortezomib, a proteasome inhibitor, is combined with daunorubicin and cytarabine. We have shown that adding bortezomib to standard treatment in AML results in a high remission rate, although grade 2 sensory neurotoxicity was noted in approximately 12% of treated patients. A newer generation proteasome inhibitor, ixazomib, is less frequently associated with neurotoxicity, and, therefore, was selected for combination with conventional chemotherapy in this phase I trial. The primary objective of this study was to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of ixazomib in combination with conventional induction and consolidation chemotherapy for AML. Herein are the initial results of this trial.
 Methods: Adults >60 years of age with newly diagnosed AML were screened for eligibility. Patients with secondary AML were eligible, including those with prior hypomethylating agent therapy for myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). We excluded those with promyelocytic leukemia. There were 2 phases in this study. In the first phase (A), the induction treatment consisted of the following: cytarabine 100 mg/m2/day by continuous IV infusion, Days 1-7; daunorubicin 60 mg/m2/day IV, Days 1, 2, 3, and ixazomib was provided orally at the cohort dose, Days 2, 5, 9, and 12. Consolidaton or transplant was at the discretion of the treating physician in phase A. In the second phase (B), induction was the same as that with the determined MTD of ixazomib. All patients were to be treated with the following consolidation: cytarabine at 2 g/m2/day, days 1-5 with ixazomib on days 2, 5, 9, and 12 at the cohort dose for consolidation.
 A standard 3 + 3 patient cohort dose escalation design was used to determine whether the dose of ixazomib could be safely escalated in 3 cohorts (1.5 mg/day, 2.3 mg/day, 3.0 mg/day), initially in induction (phase A) and subsequently in consolidation (phase B). The determined MTD of ixazomib in the first portion (A) of the trial was used during induction in the second portion (B), which sought to determine the MTD for ixazomib during consolidation. Secondary objectives included rate of complete remission, disease-free survival, and overall survival (OS).
 Results: Thirty-six patients have been enrolled on study, and 28 have completed dose levels A-1 through A-3 and B1 through B-2. Full information on cohort B-3 has not yet been obtained, hence, this report covers the experience with the initial 28 patients, cohorts A-1 through B-2. There were 12 (43%) patients among the 28 with secondary AML, either with prior hematologic malignancy or therapy-related AML. Nineteen patients (68%) were male, and the median age was 68 years (range 61-80 years). There have been no grade 5 toxicities due to study drug. Three patients died early due to leukemia, 2 of which were replaced for assessment of the MTD. Nearly all the grade 3 and 4 toxicities were hematologic (Table). There was 1 DLT (grade 4 platelet count decrease extending beyond Day 42). There has been no grade 3 or 4 neurotoxicity with ixazomib to date. Among the 28 patients in the first 5 cohorts, 22 achieved complete remissions (CR) and 2 achieved CRi, for a composite remission rate (CCR) of 86%. Among the 12 patients with secondary AML 8 achieved CR and 2 achieved CRi, for a CCR of 83%. The median OS for the 28 patients has not been reached (graph). The 18-month OS estimate was 65% [90% CI, 50-85%].
 Conclusions: The highest dose level (3 mg) of ixazomib planned for induction in this trial has been reached safely. For consolidation there have been no serious safety issues in the first 2 cohorts with a dose up to 2.3 mg, apart from 1 DLT in the form of delayed platelet count recovery. The recommended phase 2 dose of ixazomib for induction is 3 mg. Accrual to cohort B-3 is ongoing. Notably, to date, no grade 3 or 4 neurotoxicity has been encountered. The remission rate in this older adult population with the addition of ixazomib to standard chemotherapy appears favorable.
 Figure

 Amrein: Amgen: Research Funding; AstraZeneca: Consultancy, Research Funding; Takeda: Research Funding. Attar:Aprea Therapeutics: Current Employment. Brunner:Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Forty-Seven Inc: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; AstraZeneca: Research Funding; Takeda: Research Funding; Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding. Hobbs:Constellation: Honoraria, Research Funding; Novartis: Honoraria; Incyte: Research Funding; Merck: Research Funding; Bayer: Research Funding; Jazz: Honoraria; Celgene/BMS: Honoraria. Neuberg:Celgene: Research Funding; Madrigak Pharmaceuticals: Current equity holder in publicly-traded company; Pharmacyclics: Research Funding. Fathi:Blueprint: Consultancy; Boston Biomedical: Consultancy; BMS/Celgene: Consultancy, Research Funding; Novartis: Consultancy; Kura Oncology: Consultancy; Trillium: Consultancy; Amgen: Consultancy; Seattle Genetics: Consultancy, Research Funding; Abbvie: Consultancy; Pfizer: Consultancy; Newlink Genetics: Consultancy; Forty Seven: Consultancy; Trovagene: Consultancy; Kite: Consultancy; Daiichi Sankyo: Consultancy; Astellas: Consultancy; Amphivena: Consultancy; PTC Therapeutics: Consultancy; Agios: Consultancy, Research Funding; Takeda: Consultancy, Research Funding; Jazz: Consultancy.

 Ixazomib is FDA approved for multiple myeloma. We are using it in this trial for acute myeloid leukemia.


Rice variety Feng-Hua-Zhan was selected through pot experiment to study the effects of water stress on plant morphology,root activity,leaf cholorophyll content,yield and yield component,water was withheld 15 d at different growing stages.The results showed that water stress decreased plant height,tillers,leaf cholorophyll content and dry matter accumulation in root and aboveground parts,and plant height and tillers could restore to normal level after re-irrigation while dry matter couldn't.Root activity increased significantly after drought treatment,and it even could keep higher level than control after re-irrigated at panicle differentiation and heading stage.Water stress at different growth stages significantly reduced rice yield,the order of reductuion was heading stage,panicle differentiation stage,filling stage and tillering stage.Water stress at tilling stage mainly influenced effective panicles,while it was effective panicles,grains per panicle and filled grains at panicle differentiation stage,and grains per panicle,filled grains and 1000-grain weight at heading stage,filled grains and 1000-grain weight at filling stage.


Research on diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella L., has recently become increasingly important after finding that the insect has developed resistance to various insecticides. The techniques of lab mass rearing of the moth were discussed.


This article presents a new formulation of bond‐based peridynamic theory (PD) encompassing material texture heterogeneity through fractal geometry concepts and transforming all relevant variables from Euclidean space to fractal space. The heterogeneity incorporation is realized through the introduction of a linear transformation fractal coefficient (LTFC). By considering a mean value for all LTFCs of all spatial coordinates. For example, x, y, z, and using the relationship between fractal dimension Df and the Hurst exponent H . We present a fractal version of the bond‐based PD method that the equation of motion is conformed to fractal space. Validation of the formulation is accomplished in two steps: first, the effect of irregular mass distribution is characterized by the fractal dimension of the fracture surface roughness through experimental results of a series of single‐edge notched tensile tests of a ductile material. In the next step, the proposed formulation is calibrated with the fractal dimension obtained experimentally. The results are compared with the classical bond‐based PD formulation and the finite element analysis results. The obtained results in this article indicate that the irregular mass distribution of material can be introduced into particle‐based numerical methods using an adequate fractal exponent. The fractal version provides a good approximation of the fracture behavior of materials.


COVID‐19 is a new respiratory infection that attacks more than 45 countries around the world at present (March 2020). After its first appearance in China,[1] Thailand is the second country receiving disease from China.[2] Despite attempts to control for COVID‐19, new cases still continuously occurs[3] and the disease is already further imported from Thailand to the third country.[4] Good knowledge among local population is an important factor that can help prevention of disease. In Thailand, there is still report on knowledge of local people despite the disease has already been existed for more than 8 weeks. Here, the authors report on observation on recognition on possibility of no‐fever and no‐history of travel to risk country among nursing personnel in rural area of Thailand, namely Nakornchaiburin area. This area locates northeastern to Bangkok, capital and share border with Cambodia.


Seven papers are included in this minitrack, presented in two sessions. First session concentrates on assessment of vulnerabilities in interconnected networked systems. Topics include a survey of interdependencies in critical infrastructure systems, assessment of performance and optimal investments in such interconnected architectures, assessment of vulnerabilities for robust design, and design of survivable distributed systems. The second session concentrates on failure modes in interdependent critical infrastructures, with focus on dynamic and probabilistic approaches to specific infrastructure systems such as blackout vulnerability of power transmission grid and load-dependent cascading failures power grids. In a more general setting, the session also considers control and state estimation techniques for building trustworthy systems.


The model considers transformation between three phases of K in soil, viz. solution, exchangeable and non-exchangeable. A kinetic type of reaction was assumed between each two subsequent phases, i.e. a forward and a backward reaction, describing in total four reactions and four rate constants viz. adsorption, desorption, fixation and release. Except adsorption reaction which was Freundlich type of fractional order, all reactions were of first order. A computer programme written in Personal Computer Continuous Simulation Modelling Programme (PCSMP) language has been used to simulate three curves viz. delta K, exchangeable K and total labile K versus solution K concentration and fitted with the experimental curves of an Ustochrept, a Chromustert and a Plinthaqualf by adjusting the parameters. Unlike the existing model, the experimental results showed that the fixation did not start immediately after the exchangeable K exceeds release threshold level, but showed a gap between release threshold level and fixation threshold level. Modification of the computer programme by simulating fixation to start at a higher value than the release threshold level and multiplying fixation rate constant by a factor termed as hysteresis factor, the model fits the data closely with variance of fit less than 0.002 for six parameters.


The sensors onboard a warship viz., the radar systems, the sonar systems, the communication systems and the Electronic Support Measures (ESM) system, are the eyes and ears of the ship. Operational availability of these systems is an unavoidable necessity for the success of a mission. It is equally unavoidable that varied kinds of interactions exist amongst these systems, which manifest as electromagnetic interference. The degrading and sometimes destroying effects of electromagnetic interference are caused not only due to onboard emissions, but also due to sources external to the ship. In either case, this results in scarcity of information and consequently, difficulty in decision making, sometimes with grave operational consequences. Therefore, some kind of intelligent data/ information processing would be required, to enable fast and accurate decision-making. This paper explores the possibility of overcoming the pitfalls of information scarcity by fusion of sensor data, or data fusion, to yield reliable information even in the face of strong electromagnetic interference. Data fusion, by definition, is the process of combining diverse data from multiple sensors in such a way that the result provides more information than the sum of the individual sensors. It employs the concepts of redundancy, diversity and complementarity of information to achieve reliability and reduce ambiguity in decision making.


The present work calculates the size dependent behaviour of Fermi energy, work function, and the ionization potential of finite copper nanowire by using a free electron model. A uniform conductor of finite length and a square cross section is assumed to model the copper nanowires. The energy spectrum of the wire is determined by solving the one-electron Schrodinger equation with the potential described by a square well potential. The details of size dependence of electronic characteristics of the copper nanowires are illustrated in this present work.


New market conditions combined with continuous technological development in Communication, push brands to take decisions in order to ensure viability. This adaptation process makes corporations to rethink new methods of Advertising Communication. Consumers have also changed, they are well informed and discerning buyers, a fact that forces brands to build relevant relationships with their audiences letting brands to develop powerful positioning connections and create added value. These new conditions lead brands to professionalize their management practices, developing comprehensive strategic planning process to manage their brand image building through the marketing mix also called branding.


Atomic electronegativity interaction vector (AEIV) and atomic hybridation state index (AHSI) were employed for quantitative structure spectroscopy relationship modeling of 13C NMR chemical shifts of the carbon atoms in protoberberine alkaloids. The five-parameter model yielded r, q, RMSEE and RMSCV of 0.982 9, 0.982 1, 7.732 9 and 7.884 3, respectively. Leave-one-molecule-out (LMO) method and cross test (CT) were combined to test the reliability of this model, and the results appeared satisfactory. Predicted chemical shifts of the samples were in good linear relationship with the experimental data, with rpred of 0.982 9, 0.986 5 and 0.982 1 respectively. The model was also used to predict unknown 13C NMR chemical shifts of 58 carbon atoms in four protoberberine compounds, and the results obtained were in agreement with calculated results using the gNMR software.


Experimental and numerical analysis of loads and responses for planing craft in waves is considered. Extensive experiments have been performed on a planing craft, in full-scale as well as in model ...


The present invention discloses an intelligent television system and method for startup and shutdown. Smart TV system includes a remote controller, a smart television, and peripheral devices, smart TV comprising: a remote control module, the main chip, memory chips and a processor shutdown method comprising: pressing the power button of the remote controller, forced to exit the processor smart television system All active interface; the main program run television, after the completion of the library is loaded and the main TV processor program linking process into a wait state; saving chip peripherals and the main state and memory chips in self-refresh mode of operation; in addition to cutting off remote control an outer module and a processor module memory chips power supply, the processor of smart television system into a shutdown state. By the above-described embodiment, the present invention is able to save and reload initialization boot process intelligent television systems, television and the time dynamic linking and loading the main program libraries, greatly improving the speed of the boot, while improving the user experience.


Abstract This investigation examines the associations of three dispositions toward ridicule and being laughed at with individuals' self-reported aversion to making eye contact (EC) across different interpersonal scenarios. Data were obtained in a sample of 226 adults (53.5% women). Our results showed that the fear of being laughed at (gelotophobia) and the joy in laughing at others (katagelasticism) were positively associated with the presence of subjective experiences of EC aversion in both routine (RS) and socially threatening situations (STS). By contrast, the joy in being laughed at (gelotophilia) was unrelated to these mutual gaze-related behaviors. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that gelotophobia gave the best prediction of EC aversion regardless of the type of interpersonal situation (9–23% explained variance) after controlling for the influence of sociodemographics (effect sizes for STS > RS). Katagelasticism did not yield incremental variance in the prediction of any of these EC-related dimensions (<1%), which suggests that its prior correlations emerged due to overlapping variance with gelotophobia. Complementary further analyses revealed a significant interaction between gelotophobia (as a group factor) and the type of interpersonal situation on EC aversion. This revealed that whereas EC aversion in STS would increase as gelotophobia increases, solely gelotophobes—but not medium or lower scorers in gelotophobia—showed difficulties in maintaining EC effectively in RS. Implications of these findings are discussed in relation to the previous literature on EC, social behaviors, and laughter-related dispositions.


In this paper the systematic study of a late Paleozic flora from El Imperial Formation (San Rafael Basin), is presented. The elements that compose this assemblage belong to the NBG Zone (Nothorhacopteris-Botrychiopsis-Ginkgophyllum Zone). The taphoflora is represented by the following laxa: Fedekurtzia argentina (Kurtz) Archangelsky, Botrychiopsis weissiana Kurtz emed. Archangelsky and Arrondo, Diplothmema bodenberi (Kurtz) Cesari, Cordaites riojanus Archangelsky and Leguizamon, Cordaites sp., Paracalamites australis Rigby, Articulate A (Family Autophyllitaceae) and Form A (incertae sedis). The presence of these elements in San Rafael Basin, extends the geographical distribution of the NBG Zone during middle to late Carboniferous.


The description of model is the important foundation of realizing cloud computing-based simulation. Current description methods of simulation model resources have difficulty supporting search and discovery of simulation model in cloud architecture environment. So this article proposes a description method of cloud simulation model resources based on knowledge graph, concluding the information that cloud simulation model resources description is needed, and transforms the information into four different RDF triples to construct knowledge graphs for describing cloud simulation model resources. Taking the descriptions of three aircraft models as case study, this article tests the function of search and discovery of simulation model for the specific needs of users on the knowledge graph constructed from the case to prove the availability and effectiveness of this method.


LiDAR has a rich history of over 50 years. It started most of its development in the early 1960s, shortly after the invention of the laser. There had been some earlier LiDAR development prior to the invention of the laser, but the laser has been a critical enabler for LiDAR development. Wind sensing and laser designation were developed starting in the 1960s. I call laser designation a form of bistatic LiDAR because we have an illuminator, which is called the designator, and receiver, which is on the seeker. The illuminator and receiver are separated, so it is a bistatic system. Admittedly, the term LiDAR stands for light detection and ranging, and in a designator there is no ranging, but a designator does use a laser for illumination and a receiver for detection, so we will include it in the discussion of history. LiDAR has become relatively inexpensive and reliable, and has very rich phenomenology, making it competitive compared to alternative sensor technologies, such as passive EO sensing or microwave radar. LiDAR started operating in the visible region (ruby laser), then appeared in the near infrared (Nd:YAG lasers), and next in the thermal infrared (CO2 laser). Many LiDARs are now being developed in the eye-safe, short-wave infrared (SWIR) region (~1.5 μm and beyond).


"The purpose of computing is insight, not numbers." (Hamming, 1973)If there were a list of the most feared diseases, cancer would probably reside among the top positions. Thus, if a study postu-lates that a 'factor x' substantially increases the tumor risk (even if it is a benign one), a strong echo can be expected in the media. This happened when Claus


' ' [This] is a book of linguistic and critical theory deeply immersed in particular metaphors and their effects. To me it offers more sheer pleasure than any other book on metaphor, and the fun pays off with rich new insights.'—Wayne C. Booth, University of Chicago ' 'A book of importance both to literary scholars and to scientists of the mind—linguists, psychologists, anthropologists, and researchers in artificial intelligence.'—George Lakoff, Universtiy of California, Berkeley Cloth $16.95 224 pages HE DO THE POLICE IN DIFFERENT VOICES The Waste Land and Its Protagonist CALVIN BEDIENT


Relying on the Beijing-Shijiazhuang Expressway widening project near the impervious wall of a reservoir, this paper uses FLAC3D two-dimensional and three-dimensional numerical simulation methods to establish the whole process model of the impervious wall of the reservoir affected by the construction load of the high-way reconstruction section. The stress and strain state of the cut-off wall in the high-way reconstruction section and the nearby reservoir is simulated in detail, the overall deformation of the cut-off wall in the reservoir is directly reflected, and the interaction and differential deformation between the wall structures are reflected. The safety and stability of the cutoff wall of the reservoir affected by the construction load are evaluated so that various advanced mechanical behaviors of the cutoff wall can be predicted. Research results show that the horizontal displacement value of the wall gradually increases from bottom to top, and the maximum value appears at the top of the wall. The horizontal displacement value of the 1–3 walls is relatively large, with the maximum value of 22.368 mm, and the horizontal displacement value of the 4–10 walls shows little difference. This is on account of the gravity of the backfill, the strata in the whole project area having settled, and the settlement at the bottom of the cut-off wall being 2.542 mm. At the root of the rigid cut-off wall, the compressive stress concentration occurs, with the maximum value between 1.75 MPa and 2.15 MPa. Due to the size of the structure, the maximum tensile stress of 0.237 MPa appears in the local area near the guide wall of the rigid cut-off wall, which will not endanger the rigid cut-off wall because of its small value. The maximum stress in the rigid impervious wall and the plastic impervious wall are 1.90–2.15 MPa and 1.00–1.12 MPa, respectively. Apart from the small tensile stress at the connecting guide wall between the rigid cut-off wall and the plastic concrete cut-off wall, the cut-off wall is under pressure, especially the plastic cut-off wall. Combined with the analysis of the stress state of the wall, it can be determined that the anti-seepage wall (rigid cut-off wall and plastic concrete cut-off wall) is stable and safe during the construction period.


Spin cat states are promising candidates for quantum enhanced measurement. Here, we analytically show that, the ultimate measurement precisions of spin cat states approach the Heisenberg limit, where the uncertainty is inversely proportional to the total particle number. In order to fully exploit their metrological ability, we propose to use the interaction-based readout for implementing phase estimation. It is demonstrated that, the interaction-based readout enables spin cat states to saturate their ultimate precision bounds. The interaction-based readout comprises a one-axis twisting, two $\frac{\pi}{2}$ pulses, and a population measurement, which can be realized via current experimental techniques. Compared with the twisting echo scheme on spin squeezed states, our scheme with spin cat states is more robust against detection noise. Our scheme may pave an experimentally feasible way to achieve Heisenberg-limited metrology with non-Gaussian entangled states.


With the high speed of scientific technology, people now lead a more hurried, fashionable and convenient life. The products which pay more attention to humanism are appreciated by the market. The article clarifies the humanizing design of this product mainly through three aspects: appearance design, product function and aesthetic value.


With the fast development of Internet,more and more new business models have been put forward.especially when individuals are becoming more important than ever,the interactive websites,such as Web2.0,got more attention from both virtual capitals and traditional Internet companies.But till now,It's quite hard to illustrate a successful payoff model for the Web2.0 platforms.Based on two-sided markets theory,this paper analyzed the developing status of China Web2.0 markets,and pointed out this markets also have two-sided market characteristics.According to the two-sided market,the possible payoff models of China Web2.0 market are discussed also.It is hoped that the conclusion of this paper is helpful for the Web2.0 platform companies to find a good payoff model.


The application of predictive control algorithms on the electrical drives is currently subject of considerable interest and development. Nowadays, the predictive torque control represents a competitive solution as an alternative to the conventional feedback control schemes. In accordance with this, the paper proposes a Model Predictive Control for Surface Permanent Magnet motors with wide constant power range. The predictive algorithm uses a Direct Flux Vector Control scheme for the simultaneous control of the stator flux and torque-producing current component. The proposed drive scheme is perfectly able to operate under both current and voltage constraints, ensuring high performance capability in the complete speed range as well. The proposed control solution has been tested on a direct drive permanent magnet machine for home appliances (600W, 1200 rpm). The experimental results demonstrate the full drive controllability, including deep flux-weakening operation.


Transient absorption measurements between 400 nm and 570 nm are used to extract information on the vibrational relaxation of iodine in the complexing solvent mesitylene. The well characterized nature of the I2-arene complex makes it an excellent prototype for the study of relaxation processes in the presence of weak interactions. The data and analysis presented here demonstrate the rapid nonexponential vibrational relaxation of I2 in the interacting solvent mesitylene. The peak of the population distribution has dropped below n=10 by 11 ps and n=7 by 15.5 ps. The energy relaxation is characterized by a biexponential decay with time constants of 4.41±0.08 ps and 20.3±0.7 ps. Quantitative comparisons of relaxation in a variety solvents are made by using a simple time-delay to peak absorption characterization of the relaxation. The initial 4.4 ps decay in mesitylene is significantly faster than the time scales for relaxation in noninteracting hydrocarbon solvents. The difference in the relaxation rate cannot...


In the new period,it should be a difficult in the conservation process,how the construction step that the commodity networks go with the quick inflation of each city size and population.By analyzing the mission of commodity networks,the author concludes the present condition feature,analyzing the trend of the shopping of residents consume and putting forwards ways of thinking fitting planning conservation of commodity network.This paper puts forwards suggestion concerning guide line.


We present a theoretical analysis of the optical tuning of the scattering length in a Bose-Einstein condensate in which ultracold atoms in the ground state are exposed to laser light which is off-resonant with the transition frequency to an open-channel excited state. The scattering length can be altered by changing the intensity and frequency of the laser. Experimentally relevant systems are studied in detail, with particular reference to the possibility of Feshbach molecule creation in these systems.


The combination finishing of resistance to water/oil/ soil/crease and soil release for polyester-cotton poplin was carried out.The anti-water/oil/soil finishing agent,anti-crease finishing agent and soil release finishing agent were optimized.The influence of pH value,temperature,time,fabric rinsing and promoting agent on finish results was analyzed.So finishing process and recipe were optimized.


Letter from Professor David Torres-‐Rouff Fellow Historians, I am honored to have spent the Spring 2015 semester working with an energetic group of History Majors who are completing their Capstone Essays. The Capstone Essay serves as the culmination of the History major. Students generate an original, analytical, historical narrative based on substantive primary source research and extensive scholarly reading. Participating in the process—helping students find archival materials, narrow their research questions, and engage in round after round of revision—brings me back to my own senior thesis on race and justice at California's Folsom Prison during the 1800s, which I wrote to earn my A.B. from UC Berkeley in 1995. Working at the Bancroft Library three afternoons each week, pouring over the enormous, handwritten ledgers that logged every incoming inmate, his crime, sentence, national origins, distinguishing markers (including complete descriptions of every tattoo) convinced me that I wanted to pursue a career in history. How delightful, therefore, that your enterprising peers through this outstanding journal have decided to include the abstracts for all History Capstone essays from Spring 2015 forward. As the primary means by which scholars communicate with each other, academic journals play a critical role in the development and exchange of ideas, strategies, and foci. Including the abstracts means that your work will be part of this extended intellectual conversation. Beyond building a collective, institutional memory that helps mark our own identity as historians, having the abstracts in the journal offers an easy way for our alumni to access their own memories of research and writing; to preserve their own history as History majors. With gratitude to all of the students whose energy makes my work possible, David Torres-Rouff Merced, CA May 2015


In this letter, classification of various human activities based on micro-Doppler signatures is studied using linear predictive coding (LPC). LPC is proposed to extract the features of micro-Doppler that are mixtures of different frequencies. The use of LPC can not only decrease the time frame required to capture the Doppler signature of human motion but can also reduce the computational time cost for extracting its features, which makes real-time processing feasible. The measured data of 12 human subjects performing seven different activities using a Doppler radar are used. These activities include running, walking, walking while holding a stick, crawling, boxing while moving forward, boxing while standing in place, and sitting still. A support vector machine is then trained using the output of LPC to classify the activities. Multiclass classification is implemented using a one-versus-one decision structure. The resulting classification accuracy is found to be over 85%. The effects of the number of LPC coefficients and the size of the sliding time window, as well as the decision time-frame size used in the extraction of micro-Doppler signatures, are also discussed.


Universal philosophy of religion is occupied with religion as a human manifestation, its essence and its function in human life. Special philosophy of religion is entrusted with giving a rational elucidation of the teachings of a particular religion, e.g. christianity. the medieval philosophers operated in this way  and so do modern philosophers of religion as Kierkegaard and Logstrup. In principle there is no difference between philosophy of religion and philisophy of science. The tasks of christian philosophy of religion are of the same kind as the tasks of philosophy of science and humanities get from phychoanalytic interpretation of literature, semiotics or hermeneutical bioloy. Philosophy has difficulties in answering the problems which traditionally have been answered by religion. Philosophy is a confession to reason, but the totally rational world is a caricature. Philosophy and reason are not the highest  forms of life, but ought to take up a serving function. therefore the paper concludes in a dichotomy between academic considerations and some unacademic aphorisms.


Today, educating the gifted and talented has become an important part of school education. School staff are increasingly aware of this. They develop special programs for the identification of gifted students and create a curriculum for them. In addition, existing gifted education pays too much attention to curriculum with methods such as a curriculum compacting, acceleration, and ability clustering. Currently, the identification of gifted students depends mainly on a simple identification test based on their age. But, the test results do not reveal all the potentially gifted students. In this chapter, we propose a neural network model for identification of gifted students and a framework for web mining in distance education to provide their learning path. With a specially designed questionnaire, we measure the implicit capabilities of giftedness and cluster the students with similar characteristics. The neural network and data mining techniques are applied to extract a type of giftedness, their characteristics, and their learning path.


Coiled bodies (CBs) were discovered around the turn ofthe century by Santiago Ramon y Cajal (1903), a truepioneer of cytology and neuroscience. In 1906, Cajaland Camillo Golgi shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology/Medicine for their descriptions of the architecture of thevertebrate nervous system. As an almost ancillary partof their studies, each investigator discovered a new cel-lular organelle: the internal reticular apparatus and theaccessory body. Cajal originally termed his structure the"accessory body" because, like its larger cousin, the nu-cleolus, it was easily stained by silver nitrate. Golgi'sorganelle now bears his name, and we have sincelearneda great deal about its function. However, insight intothe function of Cajal's organelle has been particularlyopaque. In fact, it was not until the late 1960s thataccessory bodies were identified in the electron micro-scope (Monneron and Bernhard 1969). Microscopistshave since preferred thename"coiledbodies,"sincetheyappear to be composed of a tangle of coiled, electron-dense threads, ∼0.5 mm in diameter. It was not until the1990s that a molecular characterization of CBs began(Andrade et al. 1991; Raska et al. 1991; Carmo-Fonsecaet al. 1992; Andrade et al. 1993; Matera and Ward1993).Despitethesediscoveries,functionaldataontheseorganelles has not been forthcoming. A number of morerecent studies, the focus of this review, suggest that CBsparticipate in the biogenesis of small nuclearribonucleo-proteins (snRNPs), the ubiquitous mediators of post-transcriptional RNA processing. It also appears that, atleast in most cell types, CBs are indistinguishable fromnuclear structures known as "gems" and that these Ja-nus-faced nuclear organelles may be of central impor-tance in the etiology of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA).


Neutrophils account for the largest proportion of white cells in peripheral blood,and play important roles in human nonspecific immunity.Previous studies have shown that neutrophils kill tumor cells through secreting cytokines and reactive oxygen species.However,further studies provide compelling evidence that neutrophils in tumor microenvironment could promote tumor progression.Tumor infiltrating neutrophils produce cytokines and chemokines that provide an immunosuppressive microenvironment for tumor progression and regulate the growth and metastasis of tumor cells and angiogenesis by influencing the recruitment and activation of inflammatory cells in tumor microenvironment.Tumor infiltrating neutrophils is also essential for prognosis of patients with malignant tumor.


Growth of Ulva perutsa was studied under seven constant temperature treatments(5~35 ℃) to find the optimum temperature range.Then,within the range discovered,the growth and photosynthesis of Ulva perutsa were compared between three diel fluctuating temperatures((23±3),(26±3) ℃,and(29±3) ℃) and five corresponding constant temperatures(20,23,26,29 ℃,and 32 ℃).Finally,the growth and photosynthesis of Ulva perutsa at four temperature fluctuation amplitudes((25±2),(25±3),(25±4) ℃,and(25±5) ℃) were examined using the constant temperature of 25 ℃ as controls.The results showed that(1) Ulva perutsa grew best at 20~25 ℃(P0.05),with a maximum of(28.33±3.39) %·d~(-1) at 25 ℃.(2) Diel fluctuating temperatures significantly effected the growth of Ulva perutsa(P0.05).The specific growth rate(SGR) of Ulva perutsa,compared to those at the corresponding constant temperatures,increased significantly at(23±3) ℃ and(26±3) ℃(P0.01),while decreased significantly at(29±3) ℃.The photosynthetic rates of Ulva perutsa varied similarly with its SGR at different fluctuating temperatures.However,the respiratory rates of Ulva perutsa,in contrast,were less affected,with the exception at(26±3) ℃,where a significant increase in respiration was observed(P0.01).(3) SGR of Ulva perutsa decreased with increasing fluctuation amplitudes,compared with that at 25 ℃.The photosynthetic rate of Ulva perutsa increased significantly(P0.05) only at(25±2) ℃,while the respiratory rates increased significantly at all the fluctuation amplitudes(P0.01).


The Brazilian region known as Espinhaço Range presents significant exposures of rocky outcrops at high altitudes that conditioned species richness and endemism in this territory. The area was declared a Biosphere Reserve by the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization UNESCO, linked to the "Man and the Biosphere Programme" (Brasil, 2018). Despite the negative actions of deforestation in Brazil (Amigo, 2020), the defence of biodiversity in the Espinhaço Range has been extensive and has scientific support from several institutions. In this location, in a unique interaction between humans and nature, "sempre-vivas" flowers have been collected for generations in Brazil. The communities associated flowers extractivism with plant cultivation and small livestock. The Food and Agriculture Organization FAO recently designated this interaction as Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) (FAO, 2020). The maintenance of hundreds of families that depend on the extraction of these plants has universal appeal; on the other hand, researches point out the fragility of the loss of biodiversity. A good example is the few studies focused on phenology and management for collecting species such as the genus Comanthera. The worsening of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil interrupted all events and meetings to publicize this national GIAHS. However, the consequences of this prestigious recognition will produce policies of attention to the environment, strengthening actions throughout Brazil to contain deforestation and forest fires. Associated with the title of Biosphere Reserve, the Brazilian GIAHS will support activities of orderly flower extraction and strategies for human maintenance and survival in the countryside. Relevant research has been carried out in other important GIAHS (Liu et al., 2018; Zhang et al., 2019). Thus, we believe that the dissemination of this news from a GIAHS in Brazil is decisive for similar research in our famous tropical region. Seminars for extensive debate will still be necessary for the recent recognition by FAO to be in harmony with the plans for the use and management of the mosaics of the Espinhaço Reserve recognized by UNESCO, therefore parts of the same United Nations.


(Z)-Selective olefination of several lactones with ketene silyl acetals was achieved by the catalysis of carbon acids (C-H acids) having a bis(triflyl)methyl group as an acidic functionality; in particular, the triple carbon acid having three bis(triflyl)methyl groups in phloroglucinol shows an excellent catalytic performance.


It is estimated that millions of mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBIs) occur each year, and studies show that these injuries can have more long-term neurological consequences than previously thought. High impact sports provide a unique real-world opportunity to study the biomechanical inputs that lead to mTBI and helmet-based instrumentation can be used to estimate the kinematics of head impacts in sports. In Chapter 1, we evaluate two helmet-based measurement systems that use different approaches to estimate kinematics by impacting a helmeted anthropometric test device (ATD) in a laboratory setting. The relationships between the helmet sensor system and reference ATD measures are evaluated. In Chapter 3, we explore the effect of real-world impact and usage variations on the relationships between helmet system and ATD-measured head impact kinematics. The factors varied include the interface between the head and the helmet, repeatability of sensor/helmet systems, helmet geometry/construction, effective mass of the torso, and impacting surface. In Chapter 4 we assess the effect of helmet-based sensor performance on brain injury metrics calculated using finite element analysis. This is done by using helmet system and ATD data from the laboratory impacts as inputs into a finite element head model and comparing outcomes. Chapter 5 discusses the implications of the findings on the implementation of helmet-based systems in real-world scenarios. Degree Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Graduate Group Bioengineering First Advisor Kristy B. Arbogast


Profiling and tracing mechanisms are vital to identify performance bottlenecks for the optimization of modern multi-threaded applications [1]. While profiling generates a summary of averaged performance metrics, tracing provides a full record (trace) of timestamped events [1]. Hence, tracing is mandatory for detailed timing analysis but is usually difficult to implement. First, the generated traces can get large which usually results in a high overhead to record them. Second, lossless traces (no events get lost) with precise timestamps for correct event ordering across large multi-core systems are challenges for common tracing mechanisms. As a complementary approach to existing tracing mechanisms, we introduce GLS Tracing (Gem5-based Low-intrusive Software Tracing), which overcomes the mentioned challenges. GLS Tracing combines the flexibility and fine granular resolution of software tracepoints (TP) with the low-intrusive system analysis capabilities of the Gem5 simulator. Using new Gem5 pseudo-instructions (Trace Point Operation, TPOP), the time-consuming recording of a native TP in software tracing is offloaded to the Gem5 Full-System simulator, thus reducing the number of CPU cycles to be simulated for this tracing. This new tracing capability is integrated into the native Linux kernel software TP infrastructure TRACE_EVENT, resulting in an average overhead reduction of 93% per recorded TP (from on average 2300 clock cycles down to 160 clock cycles). In addition, a less flexible but almost non-intrusive TP is defined that adds only 5 to 10 cycles overhead per TP. This provides a lossless low-intrusive tracing solution for Gem5, which can be used in both user-space and kernel-space functions.


And the present invention is preferably texture composed of a silicon carbide coating of the ceramic fibers, a carbonaceous layer on the counter and, the carbonaceous layers machining, sera wheat fiber having a support member, which is substantially coated on all fiber-ceramic laminated filter relate to. Strong, tough, lightweight filters are particularly useful in high temperature gas environment.


Purpose – Levels of analysis and multi‐level issues have a long history and are becoming increasingly important in many areas of management and the organizational sciences. Nevertheless, specifics and clarity regarding these issues can be elusive for scholars and educators. To help overcome this difficulty, the paper aims to use the Constitution of the United States of America and the US presidential election to illustrate levels of analysis and multi‐level issues.Design/methodology/approach – The paper uses the example of the Constitution of the United States of America and the US presidential election to illustrate levels of analysis and multi‐level issues in the areas of management and the organizational sciences.Findings – The paper reveals the levels of analysis and multi‐level issues using the US Constitution and US presidential elections.Originality/value – The value of the paper to scholars and educators is the explanation and illustration of levels of analysis and multi‐level issues using the US ...


Summary Lymphoblastoid cell lines were derived from peripheral blood leukocytes of woolly monkeys by exposure to the B95-8 strain of EB virus. Primary cells were relatively resistant to transformation and the resulting lines produced little virus. Almost half the lymphocytes in fresh blood had a receptor for IgFc and 60-90% of continuously cultured cells expressed receptors for both rabbit and human IgFc as detected with the "EA" rosette test. The IgFc receptor on woolly monkey cell lines was qualitatively different from that induced by herpes simplex virus which could be detected with rabbit but not human Ig. Monkeys inoculated with cell-free virus and autologous transformed cells remained well and showed no evidence of infection. There was thus no evidence that woolly monkey cells transformed in vitro by EBV were oncogenic when replaced in the autologous host.


ABSTRACT:This article considers African American documentary film as a site of radical resistance and an archival repository of scenes of African American life. Examining films that emerged out of the crisis following 2005's Hurricane Katrina disaster in the Gulf Coast, the article identifies recurring elements of the African American documentary genre, including an insistence upon Black people's presence. Four Hurricane Katrina–focused documentaries are discussed: Spike Lee's four-part When the Levees Broke (2006), Clyde C. Robertson's The Saddest Days: Katrina Stories through the Eyes of HBCU Students (2007), Tia Lessin and Carl Deal's Trouble the Water (2008), and Brent Joseph's A Loud Color (2006).


Same‐visit colonoscopy and esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) have become common. Recent studies showed conflicting results regarding the performance, safety, and efficacy of different sequences. We conducted this meta‐analysis to determine the most favorable performance and discomfort between an EGD followed by colonoscopy (E‐C) and colonoscopy followed by EGD (C‐E).


Introduction
 Platelets have been implicated in promoting metastasis in a number of cancers. In many solid tumours including colon and ovarian cancer, thrombocytosis has been demonstrated as an adverse factor for disease metastasis and survival. A number of mechanisms have been proposed including platelet "cloaking" of tumour cells to evade recognition by immune cells, production of cytokines which promote tumour growth and the role of platelets in enabling tethering and migration of metastatic cells. In vitro studies have demonstrated the dependence on platelets for successful solid tumour metastasis and implicated the role of P-Selectin in tumour adhesion to platelets. There have been no published studies demonstrating the interaction of platelets with Myeloma cells and their role in enabling Multiple Myeloma (MM) cell metastasis. We sought to determine in vitro whether platelets interacted significantly with MM cell lines and whether they preferentially bind to specific sub-populations of MM cells. We also sought to determine whether this interaction is mediated by P-Selectin and whether "platelet coating" can protect MM cells from Natural Killer (NK)-mediated cell death.
 Methods
 Platelet rich plasma (PRP) sample was isolated from freshly drawn peripheral blood samples from healthy participants by FICOLL gradient separation. All samples were collected with informed consent and in accordance with the declaration of Helsinki. The MM1S cell line and its derivative HECA-452 MM1S, which is enriched for the sialofucosylated structure sialyl Lewis X (SLex), were used for this study. Cells were co-cultured with PRP at a ratio of 50 platelets/ 1 MM cell, washed and stained with CD41, CD138, and HECA-452. FACS was used to assess degree of platelet/MM cell binding. Platelet/MM cell interaction was further confirmed using Image Stream. In some experiments, a P-Selectin blocking antibody was used to determine the dependency of platelet/MM cell binding on P-Selectin. For functional studies, MM cells were co-cultured with PRP at different platelet/cell ratios (50:1, 100:1 and 500:1) for 24 h and then incubated with either the NK cell line KHYG-1 or freshly isolated autologous NK cells. Cytotoxicity assays were performed after 24 h by FACS using Propidium Iodide (PI) staining. NK cells were discriminated from MM cells by staining them with cell trace violet dye.
 Results
 Platelets displayed preferential binding to the HECA-452 MM1S cells compared to parental cells, suggesting a requirement for sialofucosylated structures for efficient binding. The interaction between platelets and HECA-452 MM1S cells occurred as early as 30 min and remained stable at 24 h post incubation. Moreover, platelets bound to the surface of MM cells, as demonstrated by Image Stream (Figure 1). This binding could be significantly blocked by a P-Selectin blocking antibody, indicating a dependence upon P-Selectin (P=0.0043 at 50:1; P=0.0027 at 100:1; P=0.0163 at 500:1 ratio). Importantly, co-incubation of platelets and MM cells at 500:1 ratio significantly reduced KHYG1-mediated cytotoxicity on HECA-452 MM1S cells at 24 h post incubation (P=0.0078 at 0.25:1 and P=0.0072 at 0.5:1 ratio). Platelets could also protect HECA-452 MM1S cells from primary NK-mediated cytotoxicity, although this didn't quite reach statistical significance.
 Conclusions
 We demonstrate for the first time a physical interaction between MM cells and platelets. Efficient binding requires sialofucosylated structures, as shown by almost exclusive binding of platelets to the HECA-452 MM1S compared to parental cells. Moreover, platelets were able to protect HECA-452 MM1S cells from NK-mediated cell death, suggesting that in vivo these cells may escape the immune system and promote MM spreading and metastasis. Notably, platelet-MM cell binding was reverted by a P-Selectin blocking antibody, suggesting that this interaction can be therapeutically targeted in order to restrict MM metastasis and re-sensitize MM cells to NK cells.

 O'Dwyer: Abbvie: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Glycomimetics: Research Funding; BMS: Research Funding; Janssen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Onkimmune: Equity Ownership, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Celgene: Research Funding.


The dry sliding friction and wear properties of nanometer TiO 2 particle filled poly(phthalazine ether sulfone ketone) (PPESK) composites were investigated with an MM 2000 tester by sliding PPESK based composites against plain carbon steel(AISI1045) ring, with an emphasis on exploring the effect of the filler content and applied loads on the tribological behaviors of the composites. The morphologies of the worn composite surfaces, the wear debris, and the transfer films were examined with SEM. It has been found that the nanometer TiO 2 particle could considerably increase the wear resistance of PPESK at a filler content below 1.75 vol.% , while too high filler content corresponds to slight effect on the wear rate of the composites. Nanometer TiO 2 has good friction reduction at a filler content below 2.5 vol.% , while too high filler content corresponds to higher friction coefficient. The wear rate of the PPESK composites is less sensitive to the applied load while the friction coefficient decreases greatly with the increase of the applied load.


Apart from Coumadin‐induced skin necrosis, there are a few other close differentials for CUA such as pyoderma gangrenosum, purpura fulminans, antiphospholipid antibody syndrome and endarteritis obliterans. We recently reported a patient with chronic nonhealing penile ulcer who was found to have a penile CUA.[3] Also, Jain et al. in their recent report presented an interesting patient who was found to have a synchronous diagnosis of vasculitis and CUA at the same time.[4] Hence, it is very important for the readers to understand the importance of ruling out the other possible differentials in cases with confirmed CUA as more than one disease can co‐exist together. Also, to note that there are many other non‐ESRD causes of CUA, which we should be aware of like primary hyperparathyroidism, malignancy, Crohn's disease and so on.


In order to study the change of the Insulin-like growth factor-I( JGF-1 )level in different type of liver diseases, the serum IGF-1 level of 231 patients with liver disease and 63 healthy person were detected using the method of RIA. The results were 640.29± 73.60ng/ml in acute hepatitis;539.65±96.55ng/ml in chronic mild-degree hepatitis;512.65 ± 69. 57ng/ml in chronic mid-degree neparttts;5324. 71± 163. 27ng/ml in chronic severe hepatitis; 161.35± 85. 29ng/ml in liver cirrhosis; 161. 91 ± 96. 52ng/ml in hepatocellular carcinoma; and 302.26± 83 .29ng/ml in control group. Except for the chronic severe hepatitis, the IGF-1 level of every type of liver diseases was obviously different from that of control group (P0.0l)IGF-1 maybe a marker of hepatocellular dysfunction on the progress of liver diseases. It is useful to detecting IGF-1 level for diagnosing and determining prognosis of the patients with liver diseases particular in liver cirrhosis.


We construct explicitly the structure of Jacquet modules of parabolically induced representations of GSpin2n+1 over a p-adic field F of any characteristic. Using this construction of Jacquet module, we construct a classification of strongly positive representations of GSpin2n+1 over F and describe the general discrete series representations of GSpin2n+1 over F , assuming the half-integer conjecture. One of the applications of this paper will be to show the equality of L-functions from Langlands-Shahidi method and Artin Lfunctions through local Langlands correspondence [Y. Kim, Langlands-Shahidi L-functions forGSpin groups and the generic Arthur packet conjecture, preprint].


The genus Chrysobothris Eschscholtz is one of the oldest buprestid genus-group names (Eschscholtz 1829), one of the largest buprestid genera (706 species, 36 subspecies vide Bellamy 2008:1587–1696) and one of only two truly cosmopolitan buprestid genera (Agrilus Curtis, 1815 being the other). Until recently, species of Chrysobothris were unknown in remote Pacific islands (see Comments below). The addition of this taxon to the list of Fiji Buprestidae increases the total to 50 species and one subspecies in 14 genera, which is certainly a respectably-sized fauna for such a small and remote group of islands. Label data is presented verbatim. Surface sculpture terminology follows Harris (1979). Abbreviations are limited to: BMNH = The Natural History Museum, London and FNIC = Fiji National Insect Collection, Suva.


This paper described the basic principles and processes of coal gasification technology,analyzed some processes of coal gasification and introduced the necessity and trends of developing coal gasification.


The reduction in the number of sessions of radiotherapy is a primary goal in the field of radiotherapy. An important and promising approach to reach this goal is using the nanotechnology. This is via employing nanoparticles as a contrast agent to the target where radiation is applied. The contribution of the nanoparticles is expected to improve the sensitivity enhancement ratio (SER). The best way of exploiting the nanotechnology is by through the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) together with electron beam. The role of AgNPs is to increase the probability of the absorption of electrons within the tumor region while maintaining the adjacent healthy tissue unaffected. This therefore led to an increase in the destruction of cancer cells. In this work, the (AgNPs) were used as a contrast agent for skin cancer treatment with electron energy ranged from 2 MeV to 15 MeV. The findings demonstrated that there is an increase in the SER (e.g. 1.3 times with energy of 15 MeV). This would indicate for a reduction in the number of the required sessions ranged from four to five weeks period based on the applied energy of electrons where the ordinary radiotherapy sessions are known to be around seven weeks.


Abstract—In many cases, there are some time lag between the consumption of inputs and the production of outputs. This time lag effect should be considered in evaluating the performance of organizations. Recently, a couple of DEA models were developed for considering time lag effect in efficiency evaluation of research activities. Multi-periods input(MpI) and Multi-periods output(MpO) models are integrate models to calculate simple efficiency considering time lag effect. However, these models can't discriminate efficient DMUs because of the nature of basic DEA model in which efficiency scores are limited to '1'. That is, efficient DMUs can't be discriminated because their efficiency scores are same. Thus, this paper suggests a super-efficiency model for efficiency evaluation under the consideration of time lag effect based on the MpO model. A case example using a long term research project is given to compare the suggested model with the MpO model.


In service-oriented systems, composition of services is required to build new, distributed and more complex services, based on the logic behavior of individual ones. This paper discusses the formal composition of Petri nets models used for the process description and control in service-oriented automation systems. The proposed approach considers two forms for the composition of services, notably the offline composition, applied during the design phase, and the online composition, related to the synchronization of Petri nets models on the fly. An experimental case study is used to illustrate the proposed composition approach.


Abstract Predissociative lifetimes of several ground-state neonhalogene van der Waals complexes are calculated by the simple two-dimensional model and empirical potential energy surfaces. A reasonable agreement with the experimental lifetime is found for Ne…Br2 complex and the vibrational predissociation rates of Ne…Cl2 and Ne…I2 complexes are predicted.


Factors affecting the precision and accuracy of the chromatographic and analytical schemes for determination of serum T4 levels by column chromatography and bromination of the column eluates have been studied. The factors which affect chromatography include reagent constitution and concentration, resin mesh size, and number, volume, and types of washes employed. In the analytical scheme, the factors that influence precision and accuracy of the automated analysis of the column eluates are type of manifold used, duration and temperature of reactant incubation, effects of chloride ion concentration and pH on sensitivity, optimal concentration of eerie ammonium sulfate, and optimal concentration of bromate and bromide ions, as well as the duration of bromate-bromide interaction with the sample. Resolution of the various factors studied resulted in the reported method for the determination of serum T4, together with an approach to the quantitation of iodine contamination based on the ratio of the second eluate to the sum of the first and second eluates. The method reported has a reproducibility of ± 0.16 to ± 0.32 μ g. per 100 ml. (1 SD). A short survey of the correlation between levels of serum T4 and disease states is also presented.


The sustained economic growth in Romania during the period 2000-2008 was not accompanied by a regional convergence of the living standards. Specific factors, such as the persistence of regional specialization of employment and the dominance of subsistence households in rural areas still shape the regional disparities in economic performance. The economic crisis determined a decrease in the average household income, while the impact was unequally distributed by regions. The paper aims at measuring the cross-regional variation of the household income at NUTS2 level. In order to identify the specific factors which have mostly influenced the income changes, panel estimation is used.


Reproducible methods for the fabrication of silicon Schottky diodes were developed for the metals tungsten, aluminum, conventional platinum silicide and low temperature platinum silicide. Barrier heights and barrier lowering were measured permitting the accurate prediction of ideal forward and reverse diode performance. Processing procedures were developed which permit the fabrication of large area (approximately 1 sqcm) mesa-geometry power Schottky diodes with forward and reverse characteristics that approach theoretical values.


Theoretically, work motivation has an effect on public service quality. The research aimsto finding out whether in case of garbage services in Depok City such kind of effect also occur. Theresearch approach is quantitative. Independent variable is work motivation, and dependent vari-able is public service quality in garbage collection. There are 131 respondents consisting of govern-ment employees and members of community. The primary research instrument is questionnaire.Data are analyzed using correlation analysis, determination analysis, and regression analysis aswell. The research result that there is significant effects of government employee work motivationon public service quality in garbage collection in Depok City. In such manner, the effects of govern-ment employee work motivation is the result of condition and interaction among dimensions ofgovernment employee work motivation, namely: the arousal, direction, and persistence of effort inwork settings." Research findings has enhanced the existing theory of work motivation and enrinchedsuch a theory as well by delineating some new aspects for analyzing the effects of work motivationon public service quality. Such new aspects consist of the priority of public interests, the opportu-nity of promotion and performance reward, and organizational attachment.


liberal conception of equality. More than this, a number of contemporary interpreters have sought to brush Nietzsche's philosophy against the grain to discover in it the seeds of a new conception of social cooperation; one capable of sustaining, not suppressing, a commitment to the expression of positive difference. The following article investigates the efforts of a range of recent interpretations concerned to establish Nietzsche's relevance to us. Against the totalizing character of LublcS' s reading, these interpretations typically suppose themselves uninterested in the disclosure of the essential truth of Nietzsche's texts: theirs is an avowedly appropriative interest concerned to harness aspects of Nietzsche's philosophy to the clarification and elucidation of contemporary concerns and ideologies. Whilst recognition of an ongoing hermeneutical struggle between the texts and their modern interpreters is signalled through the invariably strategic character of these readings, many important lapses in the realization of their manifestly anti-totalizing intentions can be discovered in the work of this recent generation of Nietzsche interpreters. The redemptive paradigm A significant number of contemporary interpreters, including Steven Ascheim and Keith Ansell-Pearson, have pointed to the apparent lack of any organizing political and ideological agenda in Nietzsche's writings. 3 Such perspectives move to centre-stage Nietzsche's own well-known disavowal of all systembuilding aspirations. As he says in Twilight of the Idols: 'I mistrust all systematisers and avoid them.' The will to a system', Nietzsche adds, 'is a lack of integrity. '4 Again, for the current generation of his interpreters, Nietzsche's aphoristic style is seen as a further manifestation of his antagonism to all systematic intentions. The temptation of modern philosophies to offer themselves as a 'home' to the restless modern spirit was the very last thing Nietzsche had in mind. His work was rather to bear witness to this endless quest. 'Considering that the multiplicity of inward states is exceptionally large in my case', Nietzsche wrote, 'I have many stylistic possibilities the most multifarious art of style that has ever been at the disposal of one man.' 5 These contemporary attempts to suggest the essentially anti-systematic character of Nietzsche's thought seek further evidence by appealing to the supposed extraordinarily diverse history of Nietzsche reception. Ascheim's study of the Nietzsche Legacy in Germany 1880-90 chronicles the remarkable variegated history of Nietzsche's reception in modern Germany. According to Ascheim, the ideological and political import of Nietzsche' s works has flowed freely from the texts in response to the various rival interests and projects invested in them. Nietzsche's writings have been exploited in the name of an extraordinary array of seemingly mutually antagonistic political and ideological causes: anarchist, expressionist, futurist, nationalist, Nazi, religious, sexual libertarian, Volkish and Zionist. The congeniality of his writings to so many contradictory tendencies and interests reflects, as Ascheim sees it, a central property of Nietzsche's post-Hegelian thought and method: his rejection of systematizers and systems.6 The weight of direct textual evidence is supposed, then, to favour a reading which stresses the radical ideological openness of Nietzsche's writings. Ascheim concludes that, 'There should be no set portrait of the "authentic" Nietzsche, nor dogmatic certainty as to his original intent. Only a Receptiongeschichte sensitive to the open-ended, transformational nature of the Nietzsche legacy will be able to appreciate its rich complexity.' 7 There can be no serious argument with this suggestion that each historically significant reading constructs its own essential Nietzsche through the distinctive preoccupations, questions and interests it brings to bear. Yet recognition of the creative dimension essential to the process of interpreting all great philosophies needs to be grasped by each reading as the assumption of a peculiar burden: as the recognition of an obligation to seek clarification of the character of its own particular motivations and interests. The significance of the abandonment of the search for an essential, systematic Nietzsche has been understood in quite contrary terms in some of the recent Nietzsche literature. In these cases, rejection of the idea of 'essential' Nietzsche does not provoke a sensitivity to the creative aspect of the hermeneutical process but is, rather, understood in the light of a discovery of the apparent anti-systematic, open-ended character of his philosophy. Here the repudiation of 'essential' Nietzsche stumbles upon his 'truth': upon a vantage point from which all alternative, merely ideological, readings might be dissolved.


The present work investigates the effect of nanoclay incorporation on wear properties of kenaf fiber reinforced polymer (KFRP) composites. The nanoclay/epoxy composites with 1.0wt%, 3.0wt% and 5.0wt% nanoclay contents were mixed using mechanical stirrer and high shear three roll mill machine, while chopped KFRP composites were fabricated using high vacuum and hand lay-up methods.The composites were tested under adhesive and abrasive wear conditions, where the specimens slide against smooth pin and vitrified bonded silicon carbide wheel, respectively. The operating parameters were fixed at 30N load, 300rpm speed and 10km distance in order to evaluate the effect of nanoclay on adhesive and abrasive wear properties of chopped kenaffibre reinforced epoxy polymer composites. The pres-ence of kenaf fiber has significantly improved the wear properties of epoxy resin in both test conditions. Nanoclay incorporation has improved wear properties of KFRP composite up to 50.9% under adhesive wear and 59.2% under abrasive wear. Therefore, reinforcing kenaf fiber and nanoclay together can give synergistic impact and potentially improve the adhesive and abrasive wear properties of epoxy polymer.


The inhomogeneous wave equation can be written ∇2p−(1/c2) ∂2p/∂t2 = Δ2p−(1/c2) ∂2p/∂t2, with the understanding that the right‐hand side is prescribed within a specified limited region and is zero elsewhere. The retention of both terms and a double application of divergence theorem to the formal solutions yields the classic pair of surface integrals, involving knowledge of p and ∇p on the surface only. Successive long‐wavelength approximations are made to yield equivalent point monopole, dipole, quadrupole, and higher‐order sources (by use of a Taylor expansion). It is shown how the pressures of a corresponding incompressible flow can be used for this approximation; hence, the formulation ∇2p−(1/c2) ∂2p/∂t2≃∇2pInc−(1/c2) ∂2pInc/∂t2 can be inferred. It is especially pertinent to quadrupole radiation from a free fluid flow. [This work received the partial support of the Office of Naval Research, under contract.]


The use of lowlands for refuse collection point (dumpsite) is a very common practice in Nigeria. However, people cultivated the areas within the vicinity of the dumpsites, without knowledge of the risk of these heavy metals. Therefore, this study was done to evaluate the risk of heavy metals pollution of soils within the vicinity of an active dumpsite. Four (4) soil samples (from 4 locations) at a depth of 0–20 cm were collected from the vicinity of the dumpsite. The heavy metals (e.g. iron lead, nickel and cadmium) concentration of the collected soil samples were analyzed according to American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) International methods. Pollution indices (contamination factor, enrichment factor, pollution load index and geoaccumulation index) were used to ascertain the level of heavy metals contamination of the dumpsite area. Results obtained Original Research Article Ogbaran and Uguru; PSIJ, 25(1): 39-51, 2021; Article no.PSIJ.67408 40 from the soil tests revealed that, the dumpsite area had high heavy metals concentrations. The heavy metals concentrations were of this ranged: iron 3420 mg kg -1 to 4323 mg kg -1 , lead 28.92 mg kg -1 to 58.84 mg kg -1 , nickel 2.89 mg kg -1 to 6.91 mg kg -1 , and cadmium from 1.04 mg kg -1 to 2.05 mg kg. The heavy metals concentrations ranked as Fe > Pb > Ni > Cd. Pollution indices results showed that cadmium had the highest contamination factor, enrichment factor, pollution load index and geoaccumulation index values, which portrayed that the dumpsite soil was heavily contaminated with cadmium. Results of the correlation showed a strong correlation (r = 0.87) between iron and nickel, indicating that the two heavy metals got their pollution from the source(s). Results obtained from this study will further help the government and environmental regulators to plan and carried out suitable remediation strategies, to clean the environment.


Abstract Two species of Meloidae from Mexico are described and illustrated. Included are Epicauta (Macrobasis) sorjuanae Pinto, new species (Meloinae: Epicautini) from Oaxaca and Puebla, and Zonitis (Neozonitis) bolognorum Pinto, new species (Nemognathinae: Nemognathini) from Sonora. Placement of each relative to congeners is discussed.


The paper presents the ways to eliminate shrinkage defects of casting nature. These techniques are, primarily, technological overlaps, risers and refrigerators. The paper shows that these methods are based on the known principle of feeding, according to which the upper layers of the casting is the risers for the underlying layers. This provides directional solidification of casting. The paper describes the additive technologies that solve problems, which are unobtainable for conventional casting technologies. It shows that the thin horizontal layers form a casting configuration sequentially. Here is realized another principle of feeding that is formulated as follows: each layer feeds itself. There is no difficulty to eliminate shrinkage defects in thin horizontal layers. However, high cost of raw materials and equipment and low productivity disallow wide introduction of additive technologies to manufacture castings. One solution to this problem, which is offered to-date is to create hybrid-manufacturing processes that combine both additive and traditional manufacturing techniques of casting. Traditional manufacturing techniques of castings are macro-level technologies while the additive technology is a micro level. Hybrid technologies, which are in intermediate position, can be attributed to a meso-level of the review of processes occurring in the liquid melt and mold. The paper has shown that the casting techniques that provide layer-by-layer filling of liquid melt in the mold and (or) layer-by-layer solidification of liquid melt in the mold can serve as one of the examples of hybrid technology in foundry. The paper analyses some of the patents related to the group of "casting ingots of two or more different melts, i.e. multilayer » (B22D7 / 02). It conducts an analysis of the patent developed in BMSTU. The main conclusions are as follows: 1. At present, there is a base created for a successful development of hybrid technology in the foundry industry. 2. Hybrid technology allows the casting production for a period of transition (the period of changing traditional technology) to provide a new quality of castings.


A practice that is increasing in frequency and scope is the use of images of dead celebrities in advertising and marketing. In this paper, we examine this practice and do the following. First, we examine the size and growth-rate of this market. Next, we look at the key role that two key technologies have played in this market, namely digital morphing and text-to-speech. These two technologies have allowed Dead Celebrities to be 'resurrected' and have a post-mortem life as product endorsers, paying rich dividends to their heirs and estates. Predictably, this practice has raised some ethical issues (e.g., the post-mortem exploitation of a Deleb's image) for Marketers and Advertisers, which we examine. Because dead Celebrities offer some key advantages over living celebrities (e.g., the absence of risk from scandal after death), we look at some of the major similarities and differences between living and dead celebrities in terms of what they practically can and cannot do for Advertisers and Marketers. Based on these practical similarities and differences, we offer marketing practitioners a set of ethical recommendations and cautions to follow (e.g., avoid 'Disingenuous Fakery'), in using Delebs as product endorsers.


We have extended the least biased fuzzy clustering algorithm to inhomogeneous data sets. The resolution parameter is generalized from a scalar to a vector with the dimension of the feature space. We fix the orientation of the resolution vector to measure the relative inhomogeneities of each cluster of data points in the different dimensions; and we study the effect of the magnitude of the resolution parameter on the phase transitions yielding the clusters. Based on the detection of the onset of a phase transition, a new technique for truncating the iteration scheme of solution reduces the computational complexity to the order of the number of data points. The actual computational load of the algorithm is discussed and examples are given to illustrate the performance of the algorithm in clustering inhomogeneous data sets.


There is no doubt that the purpose of general natural science education is the systemic study and knowledge of the basics of natural sciences and the individual, most general laws of nature. Natural science education as a process is directly aimed at assimilation of experience in the field of natural sciences (formation of the system of natural science knowledge, skills, and abilities). In the process of natural science education, a person's orientation toward nature is developed, taking into account the ideas formed in society about the system of relations between nature and man. Personal qualities based on a value approach to nature and the surrounding world are also formed and developed. Primary science education should be systemic, consistent, and of high quality.
In a pilot study conducted in 2018, it was established that primary school teachers' professional preparedness in the field of natural science education remains relevant. Although teachers tend to demonstrate various experiments, researching is not a dominating activity. Also, a similar situation is observed speaking about the use of technology in the educational process. Teacher preparedness to organise and implement science education in primary school is quite uneven.
Thus, the main goal of this study is – to analyse preparedness of primary school teachers to organise and implement science education in primary school according to the main scientific fields and their knowledge (the level of knowledge) in the essential fields of natural sciences. This research study based on a prior conducted pilot study, supplements and expands it. 115 primary school teachers from more than 30 Lithuanian schools participated in the study. All subjects by gender are women.
It can be reasonably stated that preparedness of primary school teachers in the field of science education is basically average. Preparedness according to the main fields of natural sciences varies quite widely. The best preparedness is fixed in such areas as environmental protection, healthy lifestyle, ecology, etc. These are the areas that express not only the natural science component but also the component of social education. However, in the fields that express the issues of chemistry and physical sciences, the preparedness, though evaluated as positive, is significantly lower. Teachers' knowledge in the essential fields of natural sciences is also diverse. Teachers feel knowing environmental protection issues best, but the knowledge in the new fields such as Nanotechnology and Genetic Engineering is extremely low.
It is necessary to consistently and systematically develop primary school teachers' natural science competencies, i.e., the ability to organise research-based learning, practical activities in various educational environments (especially in nature). Subject preparation of primary school teachers in the field of natural sciences and especially strengthening the preparedness of future primary school teachers in the field of natural science education, and the change of study programmes in the aspect of natural science content is an urgent problem.
Keywords: natural sciences, primary school, professional preparedness, science education


Using simultaneous fusion of protoplasts of three strains the auxotrophic K3 killer designated MH1 was prepared at a very low frequency and further employed for the transfer of the K3 killer character into a commercial wine yeast. A novel Sacchoromyces Bratislava 1K3 strain with desirable technological and anti-yeast killer abilities was thus constructed. Attempts to prepare double K1/K3 killers were made. The obtained fusion products contained M1 dsRNA and were able to produce only the K1 type killer toxin. Commercial fermentations carried out by Saccharomyces yeasts are often subject to contamination with wild yeasts. Alcoholic beverages of relatively low ethanol content are also sensitive to spoilage by contaminant yeasts. Therefore, in many countries commercial strains exhibiting the killer character have been constructed. The presence of yeast killer toxin in fermentation media or in the finished products provides some protection against failures in the biotechnological process, especially against microorganisms which are sensitive to the toxin. In Saccharomyces strains the killer character is coded on M and L double-stranded RNA. M1 dsRNA (1.9 kbp in size) determines the production of K1 killer toxin and immunity to its action, M2 dsRNA (1.7 kbp) is present in K2 killers, M3 dsRNA (1.5 kbp) in K3 killers. M4 dsRNA (2.0-2.1 kbp) is typical of wine K3 killers (Young 1989; Michal~;ikov~ et al. 1991). L dsRNA codes the formation of protein cover for both forms. Hara et al. (1981) bred useful cryophilic killer strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by backcrossing. Transmission of killer activity into protoplasts of laboratory and industrial strains of Saccharornyces by electro-injection was described by Salek et al. (1990). Boone et al. (1990) constructed killer strains by gene replacement technology. Integration o.f the K1 killer gene into K2 wine yeasts generated stable K1/K2 double killers with a wider spectrum of killing and a potential competitive advantage over other sensitive and killer strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in wine fermentation. Mycoviruses are readily transmitted by cytoplasmic fusion. Ouchi et al. (1979) employed a donor of the killer character which was deficient in nuclear fusion (kar), mated in with a haploid derived from sake producing strain and selected sake 'yeasts containing cytoplasmic elements of both strains. Young (1981) employed rare mating between commercial brewing yeasts and kar haploid killer to produce brewery yeasts with killer character and an unchanged nuclear genome. The method of induced protoplast fusion leads to cell hybridization regardless of mating type, ploidity and species affiliation of the cells. It was used for the construction of many commercially useful yeast strains. After protoplast fusion nuclear hybrids identical to sexual ones are formed. Using strains of the same mating type or diploids, plasmogamy is dominant and the fusion products with nucleus of one parent and cytoplasm of both parents appear (Halfmann et al. 1982; Sulo et al. 1989). This fact was employed for the efficient transfer of killer properties into prototrophic industrial yeast strains. Ouchi et al. (1983) described a method for transferring killer plasmids from a UV-treated donor to recipient commercial sake yeast through protoplast fusion. The hybrids produced sake of the same quality as that produced by original parental strains with no contamination with wild yeasts. Lager strains producing zymocin K1 were constructed by induced protoplast fusion using the killer toxin selection technique (Vondrejs et al. 1983). The application of polyethylene glycol or electrical field in protoplast fusion techniques evokes the formation of protoplast aggregates. According to this fact the aim of our work was to determine the possibility and frequency of simultaneous three-fold protoplast fusion using various auxotrophic mutants with different cytoplasmic markers. The attempts to construct a novel commercial Saccharomyces killer strain of the K3 type coded on M4 dsRNA with a broader anti-yeast activity, mainly against wine contaminants and pathogenic yeasts, as well as a double K1/K3 killer, were done. 290 P. SULO and S. MICI-IAL(~6,KOV,6, Vol. 37 M A T E R I A L S A N D M E T H O D S The yeast strains used here are shown in Table I. For cultivation and selection the following media were employed (in g/L): YEPG (yeast extract 10, peptone 10, glucose 20, agar 20); YNB (glucose 20, (NH4)2SO4 5, KH2PO4 1, MgSO4 0.5, NaCI 0.1, CaCI2 0.1, trace elements and vitamins); GM (glycerol 30, peptone 10, yeast extract 10, agar 20) to detect respiration-deficient colonies; GYNB osmotically stabilized (YNB containing glycerol 30, glucose 2); KM for the detection of the presence of killer particles (YEPG with agar 25 g/L mixed together with citrate-phosphate buffer of pH 4.2-4.5 after sterilization at a ratio of 9:1 and methylene blue 0.01%); top fixation agar (YNB without glucose, containing glycerol 30 g/L, agar 35 g/L and mixed after sterilization with CaCI2 (4 mol/L) at a ratio of 9:1); GYEPG (YEPG without glucose, containing glycerol 30 g/L) with erythromycin 4 g/L or chloramphenicol 5 g/L to detect mitochondrially-coded antibiotic resistance; YNB supplemented with amino acids or uracil and adenine to detect auxotrophic markers of nuclear genes. Table I. List of strains


The programmable logic controller (PLC) as become the de facto standard for control of production machines, work cells, and flexible manufacturing systems. As a result, colleges and universities have added PLC systems in manufacturing and automation laboratories to teach machine control using PLCs. In most implementations the laboratory has multiple student stations, each equipped with a PLC system and computer for programming. This paper addresses a critical component, the target manufacturing system, which is often missing in the integration of PLCs into the automation laboratory. The laboratory exercises associated with the PLC laboratory component usually start with projects that introduce students to the PLC operating system, input/output modules, electrical interface, and the computer based programming language to create ladder logic. These exercises are followed by a series of experiments that cover how to use the PLC ladder elements, such as inputs, outputs, timers, and counters, and the PLC program ladder structure. Up to this point the PLC is usually interfaced to a set of lights and switches in order to display outputs and provide input conditions. The most important part of PLC programming, applying the PLC to the control of an industrial machine or system, is not an option at many institutions for the following reasons: replicating manufacturing systems for each PLC station is too costly; the systems have too large a footprint for the space available; or the number of different types of systems required limits their use. This paper describes a system in use at Penn State Altoona that supports the development of machine control programs at eight PLC student stations and the testing of the solutions at a single common bench where a variety of manufacturing systems can be introduced. The use of a common manufacturing system would not be an adequate solution to the problem without the ability to develop the machine control program at each PLC station on a virtual manufacturing machine. Wonderware software, a human machine interface software package with a broad industrial base, is used to simulate the manufacturing machine and provide students with a virtual model of the machine in order to measure the success of their control programs. After the machine program is developed and tested on the virtual manufacturing machine at the PLC student station, the program is passed over a network to a PLC on a common bench with the P ge 519.1 actual hardware system. This laboratory configuration has the following advantages: 1) a single hardware system supports multiple PLC stations; 2) the virtual machine is sufficiently robust to verify a successful program; 3) students see their program drive an actual production machine; 4) verification of the program on the actual production machine is usually fast; and 5) a large number of different types of production machines can be used with the multiple student stations. The paper describes the system elements and architecture, development of the virtual machine and simulation software, typical manufacturing machines, and laboratory procedures. The PLC Laboratory System The automation laboratory at Penn State Altoona includes eight student stations one of which is illustrated in Figure 1. The stations include an SLC 504 programmable logic controller (PLC) from Allen Bradley (AB); a Windows 95based microcomputer with ethernet capability to the college backbone and to a proprietary AB data-highway linking all the PLCs on the student benches; an input/output panel with lights and switches; and several rows of terminal blocks for interfacing with the PLC, lights and switches, and other external systems. The laboratory supports three courses that cover PLC programming for two associate degrees and the Electro-mechanical bachelor's degree programs. The last course covers programming and control of automation systems; as a result, more complex automation systems were required for each of the eight laboratory stations. Initially, four small table-top assembly systems were added to the laboratory to satisfy this training need. Each of the four trainers is shared by two student stations through the use of an interface system between the benches and the trainer. However, when the need for additional target control systems was identified, it became apparent that adding additional systems presented the following problems: the space available around the benches do not permit additional systems to be permanently added; bench top space would not allow the new desired systems to be placed on the bench; storing four sets of trainers that would be moved into the laboratory when needed was not a valid option due to space limitations; and the cost of purchasing four system for each new target application was not a cost that the department could justify.


The utility model discloses a complementary type heat pipe heat exchange system which comprises a heat pipe bundle formed by a plurality of long and thin heat pipes; an evaporation section and a condensation section of each heat pipe are respectively positioned inside and outside a base station cabin body which is externally provided with a water tank; the water tank is internally filled with water and is provided with a water tank cooling device formed by a plurality of heat pipes; the water tank is also connected with a water circulation cooling device which comprises an underground water tank buried in the ground, a water inlet pipe, a drain pipe and a water pump; and when the water tank cooling device does not meet the heat dissipation demand, the water circulation cooling device is started, and the water in the underground water tank is pumped into the water tank for cooling the water tank, so that the water tank cooling device and the water circulation cooling device exert complementary function, and heat dissipation of a base station is fully guaranteed.


The kinetics of the reactions of cobalt clusters (Con, n=9–21) with deuterium are studied over the temperature range 133–373 K. The measured rate constants for the dissociative addition of the first D2 molecule to Con, and their temperature dependences, are found to be strongly dependent on cluster size. Co10–13 and Co15–17 are relatively reactive, with their reaction rates essentially independent of temperature, suggesting no significant reaction barrier for deuterium chemisorption. The reaction rate of Co20 is nearly constant above 213 K, but increases at lower temperature. For Co9 and Co14, the rate constants increase both at high and low temperatures. An increase at higher temperatures suggests the presence of activation barriers, while increases at low temperatures are interpreted as due to an increase in the initial trapping of D2 onto the clusters' surfaces. For Co18, Co19, and Co21, evidence for more than one isomer at low temperature is found. The experimental results are discussed in terms of cl...