Imaging quality depends on radiation performance of a transmitter and receiver, including beam width and side lobe levels. For imaging systems, side lobes of radiation sources should be minimum for optimum scanning and array configurations. A high sidelobe level can potentially disturb proper power detection in receivers affected by some radiation power emitted from side lobe radiation of an unexpected source. In this paper, we study a technique of side lobe level suppression in a THz bowtie antenna design on an extended hemispherical dielectric lens. Two methods are applied and reviewed in this research to reduce sidelobe level, i.e., antenna cross design to provide quasi-isotropic radiation pattern and optimum matching layers to collimate radiated waves from the substrate to free space. CST Microwave studio is used to simulate the model. The optimum side lobe level obtained from five optimum matching layers can be at -12.1 dB and -11.9 dB for E-plane and H-plane, respectively. This research is expected to contribute to THz imaging systems for enhancing image quality.


Five murine monoclonal antibodies, raised against E. coli derived human IL-4, were established. All mAb were also reactive with natural IL-4. Competition ELISA experiments revealed that mAb 1,2 and 4 recognized a related epitope on IL-4. mAb 5 and mAb 6 recognized another epitope. Two non-competing mAb were used to develop a sandwich IL-4 ELISA. mAb 5 was used for coating and biotinylated mAb I was used as the second antibody. Intra- and interassay-coefficients were 3.3 and 10.1% respectively. The ELISA is specific for IL-4, rapid and sensitive (the detection limit is 2 pg/ml). The capacities of the antibodies to inhibit IL-4 activity were tested in B cell and T cell assays. All antibodies inhibited IL-4 dependent IgE production by human B lymphocytes. A similar inhibition of IL-4 driven T cell proliferation by the antibodies was observed, with the exception that mAb 4 did not affect the activity of IL-4 on T cells. These results led to the suggestion that B cells make use of another (additional) IL-4 receptor chain.


Galactosemia is a group of hereditary disorders of galactose metabolism. Newborn screening for galactosemia type I is mandatory in all states in the US since timely intervention can prevent life-threatening sequela. The biochemical basis, clinical presentation, and potential treatment options for different types of galactosemia are described. This review has a focus on the screening methodologies, including the principle of the assay, the transition from the initial bacteria inhibition test to the modern fluorometry test, and their respective advantages and disadvantages especially regarding specificity and sensitivity. Diagnosis can be confirmed by biochemical and/or molecular testing. Although newborn screening for classic galactosemia is highly successful, the high false-positive rate and long-term complications in treated galactosemia patients continue to pose some challenges. We are proposing a newborn screening follow-up testing algorithm to assist screening and differentiating four different forms of galactosemia including the most recently described galactosemia type IV. In the near future, we predict that liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry may become a new platform for galactosemia screening, due to its multiplexing capability. In-depth parallel sequencing may be integrated in newborn screening algorithm to confirm diagnoses and further reduce false-positive rate.


The statistical properties of a large number of weakly nonlinear waves can be described in the framework of the Weak Turbulence Theory. The theory is based on the hypothesis of an asymptotically large system. In experiments, the systems have a finite size and the predictions of the theory may not apply because of the presence of discrete modes rather than a continuum of free waves. Our study focusses on the case of waves at the surface of water at scales close to the gravity-capillarity crossover (of order 1~cm). Wave turbulence has peculiar properties in this regime because 1D resonant interactions can occur as shown by Aubourg \& Mordant. Here we investigate the influence of the confinement on the properties of wave turbulence by reducing gradually the size of our wave tank along one of its axis, the size in the other direction being unchanged. We use space-time resolved profilometry to reconstruct the deformed surface of water. We observe an original regime of coexistence of weak wave turbulence along the length of the vessel and discrete turbulence in the confined direction.


Researchers in organizational behavior have been long interested in exploring how employees' perceptions of their leaders influence their thoughts and behaviors related to work. The present study examines the effect of authentic leadership style on organizational commitment in travel agents and the relationship between them. The study data is collected using questionnaires distributed among by 436 employees working in travel agents. The questionnaires have been designed to measure authentic leadership behavior and organizational commitment. To analyze the study data and test hypothesis, the researcher used statistical programs, namely SPSS V. 24, AMOS V.21. The results of this study indicate that authentic leadership is positively related to organizational commitment. Finally, this study discusses managerial implications of results, introduces recommendations, and presents suggestions for future research.


This dissertation presents a global perspective on the architectures, systems and technology tools which will make the emerging market of Multimedia Services and Applications Over Broadband Networks a reality, and also how the associated business will organise itself, all from a DAVIC specifications standpoint (DAVIC - The Digital Audio and Video Council). (...) Keywords: multimedia applications; CATV; DAVIC M.S., 1998 more info. http://opac.ua.pt/F/?func=find-b&find_code=SYS&REQUEST=000114095


................................................................................................................ v ÖZ .............................................................................................................................. vii ACKNOWLEDGMENT .............................................................................................. x TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................ xi LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................... xiv LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................... xv LI ST OF ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................. xvii CHAPTERS


For automotive industries, weight of an automobile can be reduced if TRIP steel which has excellent mechanical properties dominated by strain-induced martensitic transformation (SIMT) can be applied to shock absorption members. However, strain rate sensitivity of TRIP steels has not been fully understood because a relationship between a strain rate and an amount of martensite produced by SIMT is still unclear. In previous studies, volume resistivity and impedance have been measured to obtain information on the amount of produced martensite, however, these studies have not been succeeded to clarify the relationship. Here, by focusing a property that martensite shows ferromagnetism, it is attempted that impedance of TRIP steel is measured at various strain rates during the deformation by using prototype coil and circuits.


Background. Obesity is associated with adipocyte dysfunction, characterized by an impaired secretion of adipokines, which leads to a systemic inflammatory status, insulin resistance and atherogenesis. Aim. To characterize adipokines serum profile in a group of obese children and adolescents. Method. A case control study comparing 102 obese children (BMI≥ 95th percentile) (aged 10-18 years) to a group of 43 healthy controls matched for age and pubertal status. Adiponectin, leptin, resistin, A-FABP and lipocalin-2 were measured using ELISA method and were correlated with traditional clinical and biochemical biomarkers of the metabolic syndrome (BMI, waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting glycaemia and insulinemia, lipids profile). The BMI, waist circumference (WC), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) were adjusted for age, sex and height according to WHO growth charts and the NHANES references. HOMA-index was calculate using the formula: a jeun glycaemia (mg/dl) * a jeun insulinemia μUI/ml/405; insulin resistance summary score (IRS) was calculated by adding the quartiles for systolic blood pressure, a jeun glycaemia, insulinemia and serum triglycerides (analyzed ascending) and serum HDL-cholesterol (analyzed descending). Results. Obese children had significantly higher waist circumferences, BP and serum levels of triglycerides and significantly lower serum levels of HDL-cholesterol (table 1). All insulin resistance biomarkers (a jeun insulinemia, HOMA-index and IRS) were significantly higher in the obese group compared to the control group (figure 1).


in the Early Childhood Education at Prince Sattam Bin Manal Alharbi as a kindergarten teacher in Saudi Arabia, and experienced training in American schools. Alharbi's research interests focus on early childhood policy, curriculum development, and play-based pedagogy. Alharbi is a strong advocate of play-based instruction which, in addition to supporting academic growth, remains holistic and most appropriate for young children's learning. Alharbi currently is perusing her doctorate in Early Childhood Education at the University of South Florida. Abstract This paper explains the current implementations of physical activity (PA) policies in Saudi Arabian schools beginning in early childhood and childcare settings. The paper explores the reasons for the new policy adopted by the Saudi Ministry of Education and the perspective of the Saudi society. Both the effectiveness of physical activity (PA) in preventing childhood obesity and its impact on children's health, development, and academic performance. An analysis of the recent steps taken by the Ministry of Education was conducted in this analysis paper. The Ministry of Education agreed on the change of the physical curriculum and the need to have a specific physical education/activity policy to accommodate every level of development, health, and the positive impact that children/students will have. The Saudi Ministry of Education shows promises in working toward the development. The Saudi society is also ready to change, and the Ministry of Education will continue to work to enhance the educational system as a part of the Saudi Vision 2030 initiative. The Ministry is still working on this approach and policy of physical education, and more research is needed in the area.


We in this paper construct Dirichlet's type twistedq Euler numbers and polynomials with weight : We give some interesting identities some relations.


Irregular wave forces on a heavily overtopped thinned-wall vertical current deflection dike were measured during a series of laboratory experiments. The purpose of the experiments was to obtain site-specific engineering values for use in design of a dike located at the mouth of the Mississippi River and to develop generic design guidance for heavily overtopped vertical walls. Predictive equations for the root-mean-squared shoreward-directed peak total force and associated moment arm were developed in terms of the incident wave momentum flux and relative wall height. 1. Introduction and Background The focus of this study was a vertical, thin-wall dike located at the mouth of the Southwest Pass channel of the Mississippi River in Louisiana, USA. The dike extends perpendicular from the west river jetty approximately 245 m (800 ft) into the river as shown on Figure 1, and its function is to divert river flow toward the main navigation channel to help prevent channel shoaling. Water depths along the dike range up to 6.4 m (21 ft). The most recent wooden dike structure suffered extensive wave damage annually, and it is to be replaced with a new steel vertical wall having a top elevation either near or below Gulf mean lower low water (mllw) level. Thus, during storms the wall will be heavily overtopped, with the upper portion of storm waves passing over the wall. River currents in the upper few meters of the water column will not be diverted by the dike, but instead will continue to flow seaward over the wall and act as an opposing current on the incoming wave crests. The objectives of this study were (1) to determine specific force and moment loading on the wall for design of this specific structure, and (2) to develop generic design guidance applicable for similar situations. Placing the top of the dike at an elevation comparable to the incoming wave trough introduces several hydrodynamic complexities. The dike will be heavily overtopped during storm conditions, and the overflowing water will cause a region of flow separation and lower pressure on the leeside of the wall (Knott and Mackley 1980). This low pressure will increase the shoreward-directed wave force at the top of the wall. Incoming waveform characteristics


The agriculture sector is the most important sector of the economy that can help in alleviating poverty and supporting human development in Pakistan. Most of the population of Pakistan directly or indirectly depends upon agriculture sector. Agriculture plays a vital role in the Gross Development Products (GDP) and in the foreign source of income. The purpose of this research is to study the factors (education, computer skills, internet skills, internet access, E-agri markets, government support, and political support) which are influencing the scope of electronic business in agriculture sector of southern Punjab of Pakistan. This research is first time conducted in the region of Southern Punjab which is a rich agricultural land with cotton, wheat, sugarcane, rice and tobacco etc. The targeted population is the farmers of Southern Punjab which cultivates minimum 15 Acres. The data is collected through questionnaires and interviews. The sample size is 150 and the population is divided into strata. According to situation stratified random sampling method is used. Data is analyzed through empirical study and SPSS. Surprisingly the data analysis has shown no effect of factors on the E-agriculture business. Facts are that the main hindrance in the E-agriculture business sector in Southern Punjab are the lack of education, computer skill, internet skill, internet access, online markets, awareness of online E-business sites, Political support and the most important is government support or training centers that changes the trend of traditional agriculture business to Electronic agriculture business.


Objective To observe the changes of liver function and prealbumin (PA ) in perioperative cases of hepatolenticular degeneration complicated with hypersplenism. Methods Analysis was made in 21 patients with a diagnosis of hepatolenticular degeneration complicated with hypersplenism,comparing the changes of preoperative PA and liver function with postoperative ones. Result In these patients the fluctuation of PA were more significant than the fluctuation of liver function(P0. 01). The liver function of cases who underground splenic artery ligation improved significantly than the others (P0. 05). The level of PA in cases with complications less than no complications ones(P0. 01). Conclusion PA can sensitively response the degree of injured liver better than regular liver function. To motional observe the change of PA can help to find out the damage of liver function and help to select operative time, it make easy to find and treat with complications. In condition of possibility,splenic artery ligation should be made in splenectomy.


[fre] Une comparaison a ete tentee entre les anticipations prospectives sur l'evolution de l'agriculture francaise effectuees durant la decennie 1960 et ia situation effective en debut des annees 1980. Elle confirme que, sur les facteurs dotes d'une forte inertie, les previsions se realisent assez bien : demographie, maintien des revenus agricoles parmi les plus bas. En revanche, sur les facteurs plus flexibles, on releve tantot un melange de resultats concordants et d'ecarts (progres technique, structures) tantot de nettes divergences (relations avec les secteurs de l'amont et de l'aval). Certains phenomenes en germe a l'epoque n'ont meme pas ete vus du tout : specialisation des exploitations, oppositions au modele productiviste, pluriactivite. . Enfin, les auteurs n'ont pas developpe de reflexions sur des alternatives et ils n'ont pas assez ancre leurs projections sur revolution de l'ensemble de l'economie. [eng] Several results can be drawn from a comparison between the prospects, made during the sixties, about the transformation of French agriculture and the actual situation around 1980. First, it is confirmed that, concerning the factors provided with a heavy inertia, the expectations have been quite well achieved. On the other side, as for the factors more flexible, we find either a combination of converging results and gaps (technical progress, structures of farms) or large differences (relations with the inputs sectors and with the processing and marketing sectors). In addition, some phenomenons, on beginning at the time of the previsions, are not quoted by the various authors : specialization of farm systems, opposition to the «productivist» model, part-time farming. Lastly, the authors did not develop enough alternative outlooks and they neglected too much the insertion of agriculture in the whole economy.


Marszalek, and co-workers identify an optimal processing window for zone-casting of a molecular semiconductor for organic fieldeffect transistors. Computational modelling of the fluid dynamics and the crystallization explains the occurrence of three morphological subregimes: i) isotropic domain-like, ii) unidirectional crystal stripes and iii) corrugated dendritic. Control of the semiconductor film morphology allows to optimize the in-plane charge carrier transport. OPTIMIZED CHARGE TRANSPORT


Short notes about various items by F. Vilakazi (written in Zulu). Forms part of the van Warmelo Collection housed at the University of Pretoria.


GBAR is a recently approved experiment at CERN/AD. Its aim is to perform the first test of the Weak Equivalence Principle with Antimatter. The objective is to measure the gravitational acceleration of antihydrogen atoms on Earth with 1% precision in a first phase, and better than a per mil in a second phase. The method is to detect the free fall of ultra-cold atoms. By sympathetic cooling of antihydrogen positive ions H̄+ with beryllium ions, and after photodetachment of the excess positron, antiatoms are formed at m/s velocities and their free fall can be directly measured. Antihydrogen ions are produced by the interaction of keV antiprotons with a dense positronium cloud, the latter being formed by dumping positrons onto a porous material. We describe here briefly the experimental techniques and report on the most recent results. In particular, a flux of around 4 × 106 e+s−1 slow positrons is now produced by the source installed at Saclay, cross sections for the production of the H̄+ ions have been computed, and a dedicated beam line for the study of positronium formation and for applications in Materials Science has been realized. The tentative schedule of the GBAR developments is given.


Both the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events have been trending higher in recent years, leading to significant infrastructure damage in the electric grid. The impact of these extreme weather events is desired to be analyzed and quantified to help transmission and distribution system operators prepare for and prevent significant damage and subsequent loss of power. In this paper, we develop an approach that models the impact of extreme weather on the grid and identifies the worst impact zone using Q-learning (a reinforcement learning approach). The identification results reveal grid vulnerability to weather events and provide insights for system operators to help achieve optimal resource allocation and crew dispatch to minimize the adverse impacts of extreme weather. Simulation studies are conducted on the IEEE 123-node system to demonstrate the performance of the proposed approach.


In this paper we present the main realizations of the /t/ phoneme in a speech corpus of Mexico City elderly adults with edentulism and wearing dental prostheses. Plosive, fricative and affricate realizations of the /t / phoneme with durations ranging from 23 milliseconds (ms) up to 271 ms, as well as second phase durations spanning 5 ms to 92 ms were observed. An analysis of the relevance of the acoustic features of this phoneme through a series of auditory perception tests revealed that, in most cases, /t/ was identified despite the modification or elision of the prototypical acoustic characteristics. It was particularly relevant that the decrease in the total duration of the stimulus did not affect the perception of /t/.


To standardize outcome reporting in esophageal surgery, the Esophageal Complications Consensus Group (ECCG) developed a standardized platform. Recently, this group published outcomes of 2704 patients that underwent an esophagectomyin 24 high-volume hospitals in the period 2015–2016. The aim of this study was to report postoperative morbidity and mortality in the Netherlands using the definitions of the ECCG.

 All patients who underwent esophagectomy for cancer of the esophagus or esophagogastric junction in the Netherlands in 2016 were selected from the Dutch Upper gastrointestinal Cancer Audit (DUCA). Patient outcomes including postoperative complications, 30-day/in-hospital mortality readmission rate were reported according to the definitions of the ECCG platform (Low et al. Ann Surg 2017). Outcomes of the DUCA were compared with the recently published outcomes of the ECCG with Chi-square analysis.

 Some 797 patients were included from 22 hospitals. In 1 patient, the postoperative outcome was unkown. In 17 patients readmission status was unknown. Some 168 (21%) patients had an ASA score of ≥ III and 250 (31%) patients a Charlson comorbidity score of ≥ 2. In total, 498 patients (63%) had at least one postoperative complication (versus ECCG: 57%, P = 0.07). The most common complications were pneumonia (21% DUCA versus 15% ECCG, P < 0.01), anastomotic/staple-line failure or localized conduit necrosis (18% DUCA versus 11% ECCG, P < 0.01) and atrial dysrhythmia requiring treatment (13% DUCA versus 15% ECCG, P = 0.28). Readmissions occurred in 105 of 780 patients (13% DUCA versus 11% ECCG, P = 0.13). The 30-day/in-hospital mortality was 2.5% for the DUCA group and 2.4% for the ECCG group (P = 0.88).

 The registration of complications according to the ECCG platform in the national audit promotes the use of uniform definitions and allows international comparison of outcomes. The overall complication rate, readmission rate and mortality in the Netherlands were comparable with the outcomes of the ECGG. However, anastomotic leakage and pneumonia were more frequently reported in the Netherlands.

 All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.


A database is an organized collection of data. Though a number of techniques, such as encryption and electronic signatures, are currently available for the protection of data when transmitted across sites. Database security refers to the collective measures used to protect and secure a database or database management software from illegitimate use and malicious threats and attacks. In this paper, we create 6 types of method for more secure ways to store and retrieve database information that is both convenient and efficient. Confidentiality, integrity, and availability, also known as the CIA triad, is a model designed to guide policies for information security within the database. There are many cryptography techniques available among them, ECC is one of the most powerful techniques. A user wants to the data stores or request, the user needs to authenticate. When a user who is authenticated, he will get key from a key generator and then he must be data encrypt or decrypt within the database. Every keys store in a key generator and retrieve from the key generator. We use 256 bits of AES encryption for rows level encryption, columns level encryption, and elements level encryption for the database. Next two method is encrypted AES 256 bits random key by using 521 bits of ECC encryption and signature for rows level encryption and column level encryption. Last method is most secure method in this paper, which method is element level encryption with AES and ECC encryption for confidentiality and ECC signature use for every element within the database for integrity. As well as encrypting data at rest, it's also important to ensure confidential data are encrypted in motion over our network to protect against database signature security. The advantages of elements level are difficult for attack because the attacker gets a key that is lose only one element. The disadvantages need to thousands or millions of keys to manage.


The Louvain-la-Neuve sea Ice Model (LIM) is a three-dimensional global model for sea ice dynamics and thermodynamics that has been specifically designed for climate studies and that is fully coupled with the oceanic general circulation model OPA on the modelling platform NEMO. This study presents and assesses the skills of a new one-dimensional snow model developed for the thermodynamic component of LIM, by comparison with the former model thermodynamics and observations.


We present properties of the peaks (maxima) of the microwave background anisotropies expected in flat and open cold dark matter models. We obtain analytical expressions of several topological descriptors: mean number of maxima and the probability distribution of the Gaussian curvature and the eccentricity of the peaks. These quantities are calculated as functions of the radiation power spectrum, assuming a Gaussian distribution of temperature anisotropies. We present results for angular resolutions ranging from 5' to 20' (antenna FWHM), scales that are relevant for the MAP and COBRAS/SAMBA space missions and the ground-based interferometer experiments. Our analysis also includes the effects of noise. We find that the number of peaks can discriminate between standard cold dark matter models and that the Gaussian curvature distribution provides a useful test for these various models, whereas the eccentricity distribution cannot distinguish between them.


Incorporating the use of information technology and communication in everyday life is increasingly necessary, especially when it comes to improving aspects that affect the living conditions of people with disabilities. This paper describes the first stage of an investigation that the development of a translator system text to voice and sign language aims to improve the communication process of people with hearing disabilities with people without hearing impairment. The system must integrate: 1) technology of smartphones through a software application that captures signals voice or text typed by a user and translate to its corresponding symbol of sign language that people use with this disability in the city of Latacunga — Ecuador, and 2) a robotic hand that captures the signals sent from the phone and imitate the sign translated by the application. The result of this stage is the application software for mobile phones, it has been tested and validated by a group of twenty users without hearing impairment and interest in learning sign language, who responded affirmatively to the operation and performance the application through a test that was designed based on ISO 9241-11 which provides guidance for measuring the quality of a software product. In this way it is possible to proceed to the next stage of the investigation, following which it must be checked whether the system actually helps the process of communication for people with hearing disabilities with people who are listeners


I. IntroductionTo begin, I would like to add my applause to others' for Professor John A. Robertson's splendid new book, Children of Choice: Freedom and the New Reproductive Technologies.(1) Professor Robertson sets forth a comprehensive and coherent theory for the formation of social policy respecting the use of artificial insemination, in vitro fertilization (IVF), and surrogacy contracts as means for achieving parenthood. Along the way, he applies the same framework of values to an examination of collateral issues raised by the new reproductive technologies -- the development and use of Norplant and RU486, embryo research, cryopreservation and discard, and techniques and uses of genetic screening and manipulation. The whole is a prodigious accomplishment, presenting a cohesive and unified philosophy that will enlighten policymakers and enliven the public debate on technological advances that are already changing dramatically the landscape of reproductive possibilities open to infertile couples who are so diligently, and often desperately, seeking assistance in order to have their own biologically related children.(2) This Symposium promises to be only one sample of the wide-ranging response that Children of Choice is certain to receive.Professor Robertson's central thesis is the primacy of "procreative liberty -- the freedom to decide whether or not to have offspring and to control the use of one's reproductive capacity."(3) Noting that "this value is widely acknowledged when reproduction occurs au naturel,"(4) the author states that "it should be equally honored when reproduction requires technological assistance."(5) In Robertson's view, "procreative liberty deserves presumptive respect because of its central importance to individual meaning, dignity, and identity";(6) hence, his succinctly stated proposition: "I propose that procreative liberty be given presumptive priority in all conflicts, with the burden on opponents of any particular technique to show that harmful effects from its use justify limiting procreative choice."(7)Given this hypothesis, "[a] central question in this enterprise is to determine whether effects on embryos, families, women, and other participants rise to the level of severity necessary to justify infringing a basic right."(8) Professor Robertson concedes that "what counts as the 'substantial harm' that justifies interference with procreative choice may often be contested,"(9) but he devotes substantial portions of the book to arguments that almost no conceivable counterinterest actually sustains the burden of proving the sufficiency of its importance. In Robertson's words, "it is difficult to show that the alleged harms of noncoital reproduction are sufficient to justify overriding procreative liberty. "(10)The evaluation of any alleged harm rests initially, in Robertson's view, on a distinction "between harms to individuals and harms to personal conceptions of morality, right order, or offense."(11) Professor Robertson dismisses the latter concerns in almost every instance, for in a pluralistic society, "[a] majoritarian view of 'right' reproduction or 'right' valuation of prenatal life, family, or the role of women should not suffice to restrict actions based on differing individual views of such preeminently personal issues."(12) Thus, the "presumptive priority" of procreative liberty "will give persons directly involved the final say about use of a particular technology, unless tangible harm to the interests of others can be shown."(13)One might think, as do a number of commentators, that the well-being of the children resulting from assisted conception would constitute precisely the sort of weighty counterinterest that could justify restrictions on the procreative liberty of adult would-be parents whenever there were grounds to think that the use of reproductive technologies might threaten or jeopardize the welfare of resulting offspring.(14) Professor Robertson readily admits that impact on offspring is an important consideration,(15) but he invariably trumps its potential to restrict adult procreative interests by noting that, with respect to any given child born with the use of assisted conception, its only choice would be either existence under the limitations imposed by the parental behavior or total nonexistence. …


Each species of diseases and pests is considered to be harmful to plants and has a great adverse effect on agriculture. In addition to decreasing crop productivity and quality, pesticides or fungicides which cause environmental pollution are needed to kill diseases and pests. Therefore, the IoT system is designed to reduce the frequent use of insecticides and fungicides and to predict when the pests appear in order to lower the appearance of pests. Therefore, weather stations near the orchard have been installed and used to analyze the correlation between pests and weather data that had a large effect on pests. The prediction models have been created utilizing correlation information. In other words, we proposed a system that provides disease and pest prediction information so that farmers can quickly control them.


In seeking a topic for this address-one doesn't often have an opportunity to select his own topic and to pursue it without limit-there appeared to be two alternatives. First, a topic could be selected from our (Temple University) current research in the field of auto accidents or fringe benefits and a paper fashioned for presentation; or, second, a topical area could be selected and used as a vehicle for statesmanlike thoughts, pure abstractions and not so pure commentary or opinion, perhaps biases. The first would have been the easier route; certainly it would have provided some interesting material. However, the latter provided an opportunity to express some views, to articulate and emphasize some thoughts on a topic almost hackneyed by its long continued discussion. Nonetheless, because these thoughts deal with ideas of concern to all professional educators having a risk and insurance specialty, I have chosen this latter route.


The best of workflow is still to come. In the future, users will benefit from the evolution of five distinct workflow architectures


To analyze the effect of swine foot and mouth disease(Type O) synthetic peptide vaccine,80 4-week-old pigs were vaccinated with the vaccines which were selected from two manufacturers.When the pigs were 6,7,8,9,11,13 and 20 week old,blood were taken to analyze the levels of antibody by two kinds of ELISA(one is VP1 ELISA based Ag vp1,another is LPB-ELISA based whole virion).The results showed that the synthetic peptide vaccine can quickly induced antibody at a high level,and has less side effects.The results of VP1 ELISA and LPB-ELISA are of significant correlation.


: This essay examines the first four visions in the Book of Visions found in the early Christian work known as the Shepherd of Hermas wherein Hermas reports having had a visionary experience happen to him. These are highly mediated and thoroughly edited literary reports that draw upon the emotional con-tours of foundational narratives and myths. Despite their highly constructed elements, literary features of the visionary reports can nevertheless give some insight into how flesh and blood readers may have experienced the reading or hearing of these texts. With the help of the integrative approaches associated with the cognitive literary theory, this essay considers how the process of imagining the scenes in the Book of Visions participates in the formation of the self.


INTRODUCTION We all use technologies of various kinds in heal th promotion program ming. Older technology and the evi dence for its effects on heal th were examined in The Art of Health Promotion newsletter (volume 1, issue 3). Now we tu rn our at tent ion to newer prevent ion and heal th man agement technologies (Table 1), each of which is in development and mov ing toward more widespread applica tion and use. For each technology, I provide a brief descript ion and major highlights.


Archeology is full of discovery and attracts a curious public, who wants to participate. State archeology week provides a venue for archeologists to involve the public, promote the preservation of archeological resources and illustrate the scientific process of the discipline. It offers educational events for the public and increasingly for schools to generate understanding and support for archeology. In 1996, over 2, 000, 000 people


Today, the increasing contribution of biomedical devices is well known for diagnosis and treatment of common diseases. The heart rate is an important parameter among this diagnosis. The heart rate is the total number performed heart beats in a minute. In this study, the heart rate is detected proportionally to the intensity oxyhemoglobin inside the finger. Oxygen is greatly carried with the hemoglobin units in the blood. When oxygen-rich blood reaches the finger tissues, the absorption against light of the tissue will change. To detect this difference, finger is illuminated with the help of a red LED and to detect this information a probe is designed with the help of a fotoresistor. A system design have been made announcing the heart rate obtained from the designed probe in three different languages.


The purpose of this paper is to analyse selected legal issues that arise from the Agreement on a Unified Patent Court and, in particular, the questions which emerge when it comes to the legal status of that Court in light of the European Union law, or doubts regarding the compatibility of the UPC Agreement with the Constitution of the Republic of Poland. First, the content of the UPC Agreement and the conditions precedent to its entry into force are presented. After that, the status of the UPC is analysed against the background of its provisions describing the Unified Patent Court as a 'court common to the Contracting Member States' and 'part of their judicial system.' The analysis refers to opinion 1/09 of the Court of Justice of 8 March 2011 on the previously envisaged agreement aimed to constitute a European and European Union Patents Court. The question of permissibility, or rather constitutionality, of vesting the competences of the national judiciary to the jurisdiction of the UPC has been raised, together with a number of other reservations concerning the compability of the UCP Agreement with Poland's constitutional order and contained in it standards of fundamental rights protection, such as the right to a fair trial (i.e. in the context of the language of proceedings before the UPC).


We prove that the cubic nonlinear Schrodinger equation (both focusing and defocusing) is globally well-posed in $H^s(\mathbb R)$ for any regularity $s>-\frac12$. Well-posedness has long been known for $s\geq 0$, see [51], but not previously for any $s<0$. The scaling-critical value $s=-\frac12$ is necessarily excluded here, since instantaneous norm inflation is known to occur [11, 38, 46].
We also prove (in a parallel fashion) well-posedness of the real- and complex-valued modified Korteweg-de Vries equations in $H^s(\mathbb R)$ for any $s>-\frac12$. The best regularity achieved previously was $s\geq \tfrac14$; see [15, 24, 32, 38].
An essential ingredient in our arguments is the demonstration of a local smoothing effect for both equations, with a gain of derivatives matching that of the underlying linear equation. This in turn rests on the discovery of a one-parameter family of microscopic conservation laws that remain meaningful at this low regularity.


This dissertation consists of three essays on information and interactive knowledge in game theory. In the first essay, we study how a consensus emerges in a finite population of rational individuals who are asymmetrically informed about the realization of the true state of the world. Agents observe a private signal about the state and then start exchanging messages. Generalizing previous models of rational dialogues, we dispense with the standard assumption that the state space is either finite or a probability space. We show that a class of rational dialogues can be found that always lead to consensus provided that three main conditions are met. First, everybody must be able to send messages to everybody else, either directly or indirectly. Second, communication must be reciprocal. Finally, agents need to have the opportunity to participate in dialogues of transfinite length. In the second essay, we provide a syntactic construction of correlated equilibrium. For any finite game, we study how players coordinate their play on a signal by means of a public strategy whose instructions are expressed in some natural language. Language can be ambiguous in that different players may assign different truth values to the very same formula in the same state of the world. We show that, absent any ambiguity, self-enforcing coordination always induces a correlated equilibrium of the underlying game. When language ambiguity is allowed, self-enforcing coordination strategies induce subjective correlated equilibria. Our analysis provides a justification for heterogeneous beliefs in strategic play. In the final essay, we study the problem of a Sender who wants to persuade a twomember committee to take a certain action. Contrary to previous models, we assume that the Sender is uncertain about committee members' preference parameters. We provide a full characterization of the Sender's optimal persuasion strategy in two different contexts. In the first case, the Sender is allowed to elicit information by asking committee members to report their preference types. In the second, the Sender is not allow to do so. We show how the Sender's optimal persuasion strategy depends on the prior probability distribution over preference types. If the prior is informative enough, the Sender may find it optimal to persuade only a strict subset of type profiles. Finally, we show that uncertainty always entails a loss to the Sender with respect to the benchmark case with commonly known preferences.


This study aims to analyze the effect of perceived value on affective loyalty and behavioral loyalty through customer satisfaction as a mediating variable for users of the co-branding credit card of Bank Aceh Syariah. The research sample of 159 bank employees was taken by purposive sampling. Data collection uses a questionnaire and then the data is analyzed using statistical path analysis tools. The study found that perceived value has a positive and significant effect on affective loyalty and behavioral loyalty of Bank Aceh co-branding credit card users. Perceived value has a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction of Bank Aceh's co-branding credit card users. Customer satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on affective loyalty and behavioral loyalty of Bank Aceh co-branding credit card users. The mediating effect of customer satisfaction in mediating the influence of the Perceived Value on Affective Loyalty and Behavioral Loyalty is partial mediation .


We study a class of subalgebras of the Lie algebra of the derivations on a torus. We construct a functor Fα from linear Lie algebra modules to these subalgebra modules. We then characterize the structure of the image modules of corresponding linear Lie algebra modules under this functor.


Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been considered as an adjuvant treatment for bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis, presenting positive clinical outcomes. However, there are no data regarding the effect of LLLT on oral tissue cells exposed to bisphosphonates. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of LLLT on epithelial cells and gingival fibroblasts exposed to a nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate—zoledronic acid (ZA). Cells were seeded in wells of 24-well plates, incubated for 48 h and then exposed to ZA at 5 μM for an additional 48 h. LLLT was performed with a diode laser prototype—LaserTABLE (InGaAsP—780 nm ± 3 nm, 25 mW), at selected energy doses of 0.5, 1.5, 3, 5, and 7 J cm−2 in three irradiation sessions, every 24 h. Cell metabolism, total protein production, gene expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and collagen type I (Col-I), and cell morphology were evaluated 24 h after the last irradiation. Data were statistically analyzed by Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney tests at 5% significance. Selected LLLT parameters increased the functions of epithelial cells and gingival fibroblasts treated with ZA. Gene expression of VEGF and Col-I was also increased. Specific parameters of LLLT biostimulated fibroblasts and epithelial cells treated with ZA. Analysis of these in vitro data may explain the positive in vivo effects of LLLT applied to osteonecrosis lesions.


Aim To assess whether telemedicine technology applied to public emergency healthcare system improves overall quality of home diagnosis in case of acute myocardial infarction among elderly patients, often characterized by higher rates of atypical presentation. Methods About 27 841 patients from Apulia (Italy) who called public emergency healthcare number '118' underwent home ECG evaluation. Data were transmitted with a mobile telephone support to a telecardiology 'hub' active continuously (24/7). Data from elderly patients (>70 years) were compared with younger ones. Results Thirty-nine percent of patients complained of chest (or epigastric) pain; ST elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEMI) was diagnosed in 1.9% of patients enrolled; 50.2% of patients with STEMI were above 70 years of age. Among STEMI patients older than 70 years, atypical presentation was detected in 32% [95% confidence interval (CI): 26.8–38.1] of patients (vs. 11% 95% CI: 7.8–15.5, P<0.001). Rate of atypical STEMI presentation, immediately diagnosed, thanks to telecardiology, rose up from 9.2% (95% CI: 5–17%) in the class of age 60–69 years to 25.6% (95% CI: 20–35%) in the class of age 70–79 years, to 35.2% (95% CI: 26–45%) in the class 80–89, and to 46.1% (95% CI: 26–67%) in the class greater than 89 years of age (P<0.01 in all cases). Number needed to treat (to avoid a single missed STEMI diagnosis) was 9.4 (95% CI: 6.4–12.9) for patients younger than 70 years versus 3.1 (95% CI: 2.6–3.7) among those older than 70 years (P<0.001).


The molecular mechanism of the antibacterial action of the Chinese traditional medicine rubharb against Yersinia pestis was investigated in vitro,in which the method of DNA microarray based on gene expression profile was used.The minimal inhibition concentration(MIC)of rubharb against Y.pestis was determined with liquid dilution method and the gene expression profile of this organism was performed after exposure to rubharb at concentration of 10 MIC for 30 minutes.Meanwhile,the total RNA was extracted and purified from Y.pestis,reversely transcribed to cDNA and then labeled by Cy-dye.Finally,the labeled probes were hybridized to microarray and the results were demonstrated by a laser scanner.The results were analyzed by SAM software.In these ways,the expression profile of rubharb against Y.pestis could be obtained and the transcriptional profile data revealed that the response of Y.pestis to rubharb was a global phenomenon.As a whole,498 genes were altered significantly,among which 358 genes were up-regulated and 140 genes down-regulated.From these observation,it seems that the mechanism of the main action of rubharb against Y.pestis would be alterations on the genes related to protein synthesis,cell envelope-associated gene,transport-binding protein gene and certain heat shock protein genes.


Abstract The single case study has been an important feature in the history of medicine. The advent of evidence-based medicine, however, now places them as the lowest and weakest of evidences and downgrades their importance. This article reviews selected aspects of human sexuality to examine whether single case studies have contributed significantly to the field or whether they are just interesting but idiosyncratic reports.


After the big earthquake on March 11, 2011 at Fukushima, there are not enough power supply sources in Japan since almost all nuclear power plants stopped for checking each safety level, and no alternative power supply source is available. Then there is a risk that the amount of electric power demand would exceed the maximum amount of electric power supply. Once the power demand would exceed the power supply, a widespread blackout would occur. To avoid this kind of blackout, Japanese citizens are required to reduce the electric power demand during the peak power demand hours. But this means that if the peak of the power demand can be cut down, there is no reason to reduce the power demand. To cut down the peak of the power demand, we need to change the point of view from the increase of power supply and/or the decrease of power demand to the power supply leveling. Then we decided to study a possibility of the power supply leveling with the storage batteries. But since the storage battery is not popular as a home electric appliance, then we started to study it with electric vehicles (EVs) as storage batteries. This study must depend on behaviors of each family and each family has a different life style. Then in this study, we chose the approach by the simulation with user model.


PURPOSE: To provide a driving device of an indoor high pressure discharge lamp to be turned on/off at any time by instantaneously lighting a high pressure discharge lamp by impressing a discharge initiation voltage of tens of thousands volts. CONSTITUTION: An AC power supply is applied to a main power supply part 10 and an auxiliary power supply part 20 which undergo full-wave rectification and which are filtered respectively. The output of the main power supply part 10 is supplied to an inverter part 40, and the output of the auxiliary power supply part 20 is supplied to a gate drive part 30. The drive part 30 generates pulse signals having a frequency enabling the stable operation of a high pressure discharge lamp 60, and also generates pulse signals reversed in phase. Then, the pulse signals are supplied to the inverter part 40. The inverter part 40 transmits positive and negative pulses having a maximum value of hundreds of volts to a lighting circuit part 50. As a result, the circuit part 50 impresses a discharge initiation voltage of tens of thousands volts on the high pressure discharge lamp 60, which radiates high intensity light circumferentially.


A novel CuI-catalyzed cross-coupling of propargyl epoxides with P(O)H compounds is disclosed. The reaction proceeded efficiently under mild conditions to give 4-phosphoryl 2,3-allenols in good to high yields with excellent selectivity. The utility of the products was demonstrated and a plausible mechanism was also proposed.


A convenient new tool for solving the problem of reliability and availability evaluation and optimization of complex technical systems is presented. Linking a semi-markov modeling of the system operation processes with a multi-state approach to system reliability and availability analysis is proposed to construct the joint general model of reliability and availability of complex technical systems in variable operation conditions. This joint model and a linear programming is proposed to complex technical systems reliability and availability evaluation and optimization respectively.


The 2019 annual meeting of the Biotechnology Innovation Organization (BIO) was portentously preceded by the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA's) approval one week earlier of the costliest drug ever invented––Zolgensma (onasemnogene abeparvovec-xioi), the new gene therapy for spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Several themes appeared throughout the meeting: how can payers and manufacturers agree on reimbursement for such important but expensive drugs; how can we know beforehand what long-term benefits patients will receive; and what does the future of oncology hold for patients, providers, and payers? Insurers wouldn't necessarily complain so much about a single-administration drug that cures a disease related to muscular atrophy, but with only four years of follow-up data, there is uncertainty about the long-term effects of the treatment. If it turns out that it doesn't work, insurers would like to be able to ask for a refund. They would also like to spread the payment out over time (five years, perhaps).


Compressed sensing and its extensions have recently triggered interest in randomized signal acquisition. A key finding is that random measurements provide sparse signal reconstruction guarantees for efficient and stable algorithms with a minimal number of samples. While this was first shown for (unstructured) Gaussian random measurement matrices, applications require certain structure of the measurements leading to structured random measurement matrices. Near optimal recovery guarantees for such structured measurements have been developed over the past years in a variety of contexts. This article surveys the theory in three scenarios: compressed sensing (sparse recovery), low rank matrix recovery, and phaseless estimation. The random measurement matrices to be considered include random partial Fourier matrices, partial random circulant matrices (subsampled convolutions), matrix completion, and phase estimation from magnitudes of Fourier type measurements. The article concludes with a brief discussion of the mathematical techniques for the analysis of such structured random measurements. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


A field experiment was conducted on "Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Disease Resistance of Pomegranate ( Punica granatum L . ) Orchards " during 2017-18 and 2018-19 at College of Agriculture, Golegaon, VNMKV, Parbhani. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with seven treatments i. e. T 1 - Absolute Control, T 2 - Farmer's Practices (½ RDF), T 3 - RDF (625:250:250 g N, P 2 O 5 , K 2 O tree -1 ), T 4 - INM (15 kg FYM + 8 ml Azotobactor , 8 ml PSB, 100 g Trichoderma + RDF), T 5 - RDF + Antibiotics (Streptocycline @ 250 ppm), T 6 - T 4 + Antibiotics, T 7 - T 4 + Umber ( Ficus racemosa) Rhizosphere Hybridised Soil (URHS @ 25 kg per tree) and four replications. The result showed that maximum DTPA extractable micronutrients content i.e. Fe (5.88 and 4.81mg kg 1 ), Zn (1.59 and 1.33mg kg -1 ), Cu (4.05 and 3.79mg kg -1 ), Mn (12.24 and 11.02mg kg -1 ) and available B (1.00 and 0.98mg kg -1 ) was recorded at flowering stage in FYM @ 15 kg, Azotobacter @ 8 ml per tree, PSB@ 8 ml per tree and Trichoderma @ 100 g per tree, 625:250:250 g N, P 2 O 5 and K 2 O per tree and URHS @ 25 kg per tree (T 7 ) at 0-22.5 and 22.5-45 cm depth, respectively. Similar trend was noticed at harvesting stage. However, minimum DTPA extractable Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn and available B content were recorded at absolute control.


A system for recovering polluted water in a plant, comprising: a subsystem (3300) for collecting contaminants that includes a boiler (3304) configured to receive and concentrate contaminants in the contaminated water boiling contaminated water and producing steam; a turbine (3210) configured to gas burning a fuel gas supply and drive a first generator (3218) configured to provide power to the installation, the gas turbine having a leak that provides a waste heat source; a subsystem (3200) for generating heat comprising a heat exchanger (3290) separate heat boiler and a network of flow of thermal fluid configured for circulating a heat transfer fluid between the heat exchanger (3290) and heat boiler (3304), the heat exchanger in communication with the waste heat source turbine (3210) to heat the gas for heat transfer fluid in the heat exchanger; and a steam turbine configured to drive a second generator; wherein the boiler (3304) is configured to receive the heat transfer fluid heated by the network flow of thermal fluid and using heat from heat transfer fluid heated to boil the contaminated water so that it retains at least one part of the contaminants in the contaminated water in the boiler; wherein the boiler produces steam and the steam is directed from the boiler to the heat exchanger for reheating steam, where superheated steam is directed from the heat exchanger to the steam turbine to drive the second generator.


In this paper, we look for properties of gradient Yamabe solitons on top of warped product manifolds. Utilizing the maximum principle, we find lower bound estimates for both the potential function of the soliton and the scalar curvature of the warped product. By slightly modifying Li-Yau's technique so that we can handle drifting Laplacians, we were able to find three different gradient estimates for the warping function, one for each sign of the scalar curvature of the fiber manifold. As an application, we exhibit a nonexistence theorem for gradient Yamabe solitons possessing certain metric properties on the base of the warped product.


Living organisms use light as a source of energy and as a source of information. They have developed highly specialized photoenergy and photosignal transducing devices which serve these functions. Membranes are essential parts of both photosignal and photoenergy transducing systems.

In photoenergy transduction a substantial part of the absorbed energy is conserved for times very long compared to the lifetime of excited states and converted finally to chemical free energy of ATP and other forms in which it can be stored for further use by the organism. In photosignal transduction light typically triggers an event which dissipates much more energy than is absorbed in the form of light. The additional energy had been stored previously by the organism through some energy transducing systems.


Australia's largest river, the mighty Murray, slowly makes it way along 1,600 miles from its source to the sea. As the little creeks and streams merge, the Murray slowly widens and deepens and becomes a very beautiful river. It passes through a great variety of country as it meanders toward its mouth in South Australia. The Murray is an important resource also as its water is used by all the towns along its course. Fruit, sheep, wheat, rice, tobacco, citrus, cattle, and all the agriculture along the Murray use its water for drinking and irrigation. The swamp birds and other wildlife also depend upon the Murray. When the river floods its banks all the low areas become a huge swamp covering some 300,000 acres with the Murray flowing through its middle. At the little town of Barmah the river banks are high and only about 250 yards wide. This bottle-neck backs the water up into the low areas and keeps the swamps from draining too quickly. During times of flood (the Murray doesn't flood every year) all kinds of water birds come to the swamps to breed. The environment is suitable for all their requirements. There are great areas of reed beds, vast marshy plains of grasses, and plenty of trees both large and small to nest in. There are also a number of high places that become temporary islands sometimes nearly ten miles long. The ground animals tend to congregate on the islands when they are flooded from their normal homes. To really study and enjoy the wildlife it is necessary to travel through the swamp by boat. I used a sixteen foot boat that was pushed along by pole. I camped each night on one of the many islands. Birdlife became evident as soon as I entered the swamp. Ducks were plentiful with the black duck (Anas superciiiosa) and grey teal (Anas gibberifrons) being the most common. It was not uncommon to see one fly out of a hole high up in a tree. Other ducks nested low to the ground in a stump where the eggs were sometimes visible. If the duck was not on the nest her ten to fifteen eggs could be seen covered with feathers and down. Several clutches of little balls of fluff tried to hide in any cover that was on hand while the mother duck feigned a broken wing and tried to lure me away from the babies. Almost as plentiful as the ducks were the bald coots (Fulica atra), the dusky moorhens (Gallinula tenebrosa), and the eastern swamp-hens (Porhyrio melanotus). Most of these birds nested in the reed-beds where they made the reeds into very neat nests. Some individuals, however, had forsaken the reed-beds and nested under logs or in small saplings. The second small island I camped on was already occupied. The rising water had squeezed a few kangaroos up onto the island and they didn't seem to like the idea of company. They didn't like the water either but they compromised by going out into the shallow water just a little ways. There they just sat and looked at me as I sat near my campfire and listened to the night noises. The frogs make an incredible amount of noise. It sounds like a million different voices each trying to outdo the other. Another rather noisy creature is the beautiful black swan (Cygnus atratus). The swans make a very noisy ritual of their mating. Much honking and flapping goes on all night. The displays were obviously effective, though, for during the next few days I saw nests in all stages of construction, eggs in various stages of incubation, and finally a few babies or cygnets. Nothing is so beautiful as the sight of a graceful swan swimming along with five or six little white bits of fluff following in her wake. The swans are very adept at building nests of whatever material is at hand. Some build out of bark, sticks and debris found two or three feet under water, others bend the dense reeds into tight nests, still others use cat-tails or grass. Once when I climbed a large tree near the reed-beds I had a good view over a large area and saw three or four swan nests per acre. Deeper into the swamp I found crested grebes (Podiceps poliocephalus). They are very shy birds quite hard to see. Their nest is a flat affair right at water level, in fact they often float. Sometimes the nest is anchored to sticks or debris. The center of the nest is piled with leaf-mold which has a heat of its own and seems to help incubate the eggs. Much easier to find were the comorants, They nest in huge rookeries in which there were three species, the yellow-faced comorant (Phalacrocorax varius), the little pied comorant (Phalacrocorax melanoleucos), and the black comorant (Pb alacrocorax sulcirostns). Scattered about in these rookeries were lots of herons, egrets, and two species of spoonbills. It is not pleasant to be in or near these large rookeries as the smell is terrible. Dead fish, dead birds and the cornorant's vomit tend to pollute the area. I put my boat very near a huge rookerie and sat for awhile. When alarmed the cornorants rise to the sky in a panic and circle. When they calm down they all drop slowly down to the rookerie and fight and squabble until each bird finds it own nest. The big black comorant (Phalacrocorax carbo) seems to have much different habits. This species prefers to nest in small colonies of twelve to fifteen nests out in the open or in large trees. The very tops of the large trees, however, were quite often occupied by wedge-tailed eagles (Aquila audax). There were many pelicans in the area and it was very interesting to watch them fish. They had a good system. They would fly some distance out toward the deeper water then light on it in a staggered line. They then swam toward the shallows driving great schools of small fish before them. The pelicans (Pelecanus conspictllatus) swam with their lower beak or pouch under water and when the water became only about one foot deep one could see how many fish the pelicans were catching-sometimes from fifty to eighty tiny carp per fishing trip. Day by day as I poled by boat from one island camp to another I saw a great variety of ducks including musk duck (Biziura lobata) which dove and swam very well but almost never flew; blue winged shovelers (Anas rhynchotis); white-eyed ducks (Anthya australt"s) which made a very neat reed nest complete with roof; pink eared duck (Malacorhynchus membranaceus); maned goose (Chenonetta jubata); chestnut breasted shelduck ( Casarca tadornoides); plumed tree ducks (Dendroe ygnaeytone); and some whistling tree ducks along with a number of freckled ducks.


7 Groenewegen G, Buurman WA, et al. In vitro stimulation of lymphocytes by vascular endothelial cells. A study with canine arterial and venous endothelial cells. Transplantation 1984;37:206-10 8 Groenewegen G, Buurman WA. Vascular endothelial cells present alloantigens to unprimed lymphocytes. Scand JImmunol 1984;19:269-74 9 Groenewegen G, Buurman WA, van der Linden CJ. Lymphokine dependence of in vivo expression of MHC class II antigens by endothelium. Nature 1985;316: 361-63 10 Hart DN, Fabre JW. Major histocompatibility complex antigens in rat kidney, ureter, and bladder. Localization with monoclonal antibodies and demonstration of Ia positive dendritic cells. Transplantation 1981;31:318-25 11 Daar AS, Fuggle SV, Hart DNJ, et al. Demonstration and phenotypic characterization of HLA-DR positive interstitial dendritic cells widely distributed in human connective tissues. Transplant Proc 1983;15(Book I): 311-15 12 Lechler RI, Batchelor JR. Restoration of immunogenicity to passenger cell depleted kidney allografts by the addition of donor strain dendritic cells. J Exp Med 1982;155:31-41 13 Milton AD, Fabre JW. Massive induction of donor type class I and class II major histocompatibility complex antigens in rejecting cardiac allografts in the rat. JExp Med 1985;161:98-112 14 Cui YC, Tai PC, Gatter KC, Mason DY, Spry CJ. A vascular endothelial cell antigen with restricted distribution in human foetal, adult and malignant tissues. Immunology 1983;49:183-9 15 Van Loveren H, Kato K, Meade R, et al. Characterization of two different Lyzl+ T cell populations that mediate delayed type hypersensitivity. J Immunol 1984;133:2402-11


cyclosporine Editor, A 23-year-old woman developed erythema on her left cheek without any previous trauma or pressure in June 1996 (Fig. 1a). Biopsy was performed in November 1996 at Seibo Hospital, Tokyo. Histological findings showed lymphocytic infiltrations around cutaneous appendages and vessels in the dermis and the subcutaneous tissue. The patient was treated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. A second biopsy was performed because of a relapse after 16 months. Histological findings were similar to those of the first biopsy except for liquefaction, fibrinoid degeneration of arterioles, and necrobiotic changes in the subcutaneous tissue (Fig. 2). The patient was then treated with oral prednisolone (15 mg/day). The patient visited the Dermatology Department at Tokyo Women's Medical University in June 1999. Physical examination revealed a chicken egg-sized indurated erythema on her left cheek with ulceration. The patient had no systemic manifestations suggesting systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We examined the previous biopsy specimens for further analyses. Alcian blue staining revealed no accumulation of acid mucopolysaccharides. Immunohistochemistry of paraffin sections showed no deposition of immunoglobulins or positive reactivity to CD5, CD43, or CD45RO for two-thirds of the infiltrating lymphocytes, or to CD20 for one-third of the lymphocytes in the dermis and the subcutaneous tissue. No cells were positive for CD30 or CD56. Therefore, we judged that these lymphocyte infiltrations were not caused by tumorous proliferation but by changes in reactivity. For these mononuclear cells, Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)encoded small nuclear RNA (EBER) transcripts were examined using non-isotopic in situ RNA hybridization. Cells with EBER signals were absent from the biopsy specimens. Hematological and urine tests showed no abnormalities. Laboratory data were negative for antinuclear antibody (ANA), single-stranded DNA antibody, double-stranded DNA antibody, antibody to Sm, anti-Ro (SS-A) antibody, and anti-La (SS-B) antibody. No abnormal findings were observed in a chest XP or electrocardiography. We diagnosed the skin lesion as lupus erythematosus profundus (LEP). As a result of exacerbation (Fig. 1b), oral prednisolone was increased to 30 mg/ day, and the ulcer healed four months later, leaving an atrophic scar. However, the ulcer relapsed in 2000 while


Imagine a place where one teacher created deep connections among learners and where learners built on these connections to change the lives of their peers and teachers. This actually happened at a school in Likuni, Malawi, in Rennie Kamanga's classroom. The objective, though, was less about making strong connections among teacher and students and more about using such connections to create an environment that encourages students to keep coming to class and school and eventually graduate. In the landlocked southeast African nation of Malawi, one of the world's least developed countries, 40% of the population lives in poverty; only 30% of its students complete an elementary education. Each year, 20% of primary school students drop out. Yet, completing eight years of uninterrupted schooling in Malawi greatly reduces the risk of a child falling into poverty. Some obstacles to student success stem from the structure of the education system. Large classrooms, inexperienced or unqualified teachers, poor treatment from other teachers, and lack of safety at school keep teachers from being more successful. Teachers may receive as little as three weeks teacher training before getting in front of a classroom. The desire to ameliorate some of those factors prompted a program called Classroom Connections, which was developed and supported by UNESCO's Guidance Counseling and Youth Development Centre for Africa. Although Kamanga had achieved the full three years of teacher education available to prospective educators in Malawi, she nonetheless struggled to keep her students persisting in school. Her class regularly includes new arrivals transitioning to her school from rural Malawi. Likuni sits on the edge of Lilongwe, a bustling metropolis of 750,000 people that is Malawi's capital and largest city. Faced with such difficulties among her students at Chinsapo Secondary College--Americans would consider it high school--Kamanga explored many tactics, including approaching students she believed were having problems with school or at home. But she didn't have time to meaningfully connect with every student every day. So, in 2008, she sought help by attending a Classroom Connections workshop. Over three days at the workshop, Kamanga was introduced to strategies promoting the goal of raising teacher awareness about personal and interpersonal skills that can promote student retention. Workshop attendees engaged in activities designed to improve their team-building skills and help them better understand individual personalities, learning preferences, and strengths that teachers and students bring to a classroom community. At the outset of the seminar, Kamanga completed a self-assessment exercise where she chose one of four categories--strategy, logistics, diplomacy, implementation--that she felt best reflected her strength as a teacher. She chose diplomacy and was placed in a group with other teachers who had identified strengths in the remaining three areas. They used the team setting as a backdrop for exercises in which Kamanga worked on communication skills, discussed personal needs and expectations, identified ways she could build trust, and learned how she could express her emotions in a positive way. At the end of each activity, the teams completed a "taking it home exercise" to encourage them to think how they could use the same activities to strengthen connections among students and community members. …


This paper presents a distributed scheduling algorithm for the Sombrero single address space operating system. This algorithm uses the properties of a single address space and the Sombrero support for thread migration to modify and extend scheduling algorithms developed for multiple address space operating systems to the single address space environment. Threads in the distributed system are scheduled among the different nodes so that CPU usage is balanced. A dynamic local-information-based distributed scheduling algorithm is designed, implemented on a simulation and evaluated. The simulation includes nodes, routers, load tables, and use of them to demonstrate that the distributed scheduling algorithm is correct, works in a single address space distributed shared memory environment and scales in a constant manner with respect to the number of messages and tables required for load balancing. A hierarchical clustering mechanism is used to make the algorithm scale well. The paper also presents, and the simulation includes, the Sombrero fission/merge mechanism for distributing the virtual address space across multiple nodes and the Sombrero use of virtual addresses as an inter-node addressing mechanism.


This paper tests asymmetric correlations in the variables that may influence stock returns. We find that corporate earnings, sales, and analyst forecasts have statistically significant asymmetric correlations, indicating that the variables have larger conditional betas during negative market-wide movements. Earnings surprises are not asymmetrically correlated as analyst forecasts adjust for asymmetric correlations in stock fundamentals. Trading pressures are not asymmetrically correlated but the distribution of their conditional betas shows that trading pressures amplify both positive and negative market-wide shocks. Overall, the results suggest that asymmetric correlation in stock returns is asymmetric correlation in stock fundamentals.


Contaminants are recently discovered at the joint of large piping system and causing defect to industrial product. A computational analysis can be used as a solution of the hydrodynamic contaminant removal without any modification needed. In this paper, the effect of heat is introduced to analyze the heat transfer and flow field in a channel with cavity heated at the bottom sides coupled with different shape of cavity. The cavity shape used comes with three shapes i.e. square, triangle and semicircle. The process of fluid dynamic in a cavity is modeled via numerical solution of the NavierStokes equations using Cubic Interpolated Profile (CIP) method. By using the simulation of hydrodynamic contaminant removal, the flow of streamlines and vortices pattern was investigated in the cavities. In order to remove all of the contaminant, hydrodynamic need to take part in this simulation which is flow from the inlet of the channel and create vortices to remove it from the cavities. The result shows that the percentage of contaminant removal is higher for semicircle cavity with higher Grashof number. The result also indicates that vortices formation is highly dependent on the cavity geometry and creates a buoyancy effect.


We fabricated a highly sensitive and fast glucose biosensor by simply immobilizing glucose oxidase in mesocellular carbon foam. Due to its unique structure, the MSU-F-C enabled high enzyme loading without serious mass transfer limitation, resulting in high catalytic efficiency. As a result, the glucose biosensor fabricated with MSU-F-C/GOx showed a high sensitivity and fast response. Given these results and the inherent electrical conductivity, we anticipate that MSU-F-C will make a useful matrix for enzyme immobilization in various biocatalytic and electrobiocatalytic applications.


This article critically considers distinctions between, social enterprise and social entrepreneurship from a theoretical perspective. Using case study analysis of 10 non-governmental organisations the paper explores these concepts empirically. Findings on social enterprise reveal a focus on the purpose of social businesses, while findings on social entrepreneurship reveal an emphasis on the processes underlying innovative and entrepreneurial activity for social purposes. Discussion of these findings indicates important developments relevant to informing the growing area of social enterprise and social entrepreneurship research. Implications extend to understanding the need for action to achieve social change, and an acceptance of risk when existing actions fail to achieve their intended outcomes.


Feminine hygiene products have been commercially available for decades. They are commonly marketed to reduce odor or clean vaginal discharge and menses. Multiple formulas are available as topical washes, wipes, creams, sprays, powders, deodorants, and douches. Products on the market range from those used externally on the vulva, such as wipes and sprays, to liquid solutions used intravaginally, such as washes and douches. Who uses feminine hygiene products? According to a 2006 study, the majority of women who use douches started using them between age 15 and 19 years, but some women initiate this practice habit as early as age 10 to 14. Predictably, women who douche are more likely to perceive douche products as safe. Demographic data on douche utilization are mixed: Some studies show that there are no significant racial differences in douching practices, while others have found that Black and African American women are more likely to practice douching than White and Hispanic women. Studies have shown a significant difference in attitudes toward douching and knowledge of normal vaginal symptoms among US racial demographics, although this must be examined through the historical context of racism and the lens of medical anthropology. Women cite that common reasons they use feminine hygiene products are to feel clean, to control odor, and to use after menses and intercourse.


The radial-orientation-die has special structure to make short fibers get radial orientation in rubber matrix during extrusion process,which means the physical and mechanical properties of short fiber and rubber composite material will be influenced by the die different structures. The effects of radial-orientation-die structure parameters on properties of short fiber and rubber composite were studied experimentally by different structure parameters, including expansion ratio, expansion angle, dam clearance, molding channel length, convergence angle, and transition channel length. The experimental results indicated that short fiber and rubber composite could get good properties with optimized radial-orientation-die structure parameter. And the optimized structure parameters are that expansion ratio is about 5 with an expansion angle of 150°,dam clearance is about 4 mm, molding channel length is about 50 mm,convergence angle is about 120°,and transition channel length is about 30 mm. Accordingly, the physical and mechanical properties of the composite can be remarkably improved,which give an obvious anisotropy.


A new synthetic floating simulator topology is proposed which realizes lossy parallel inductance (R‐L), lossy parallel capacitance (R‐C), lossy parallel C‐D, and lossless floating capacitance multiplier (FCM) circuits using only three current feedback operational amplifiers (CFOA) as active elements and three impedances. In all the presented circuits, the value of L, C, and D is independently controllable through a single resistance without requiring any matching condition for passive elements. A novel feature of the proposed circuit involves a straightforward adjustment in the CFOA connections, allowing the circuit to function as either a floating lossless immittance simulator or a floating series‐type lossy immittance simulator. Various application examples of the presented circuits such as lead compensator, lag compensator, first‐order high‐pass filter, and fourth‐order Butterworth filter are also given to justify the theoretical analysis. To validate the workability of the proposed circuits, several analyses are conducted, including frequency analysis, transient analysis, Monte‐Carlo analysis, and temperature analysis, using the macro‐model of AD844 in the SPICE simulation tool. Experimental results of the parallel R‐L simulator and application examples are also provided using commercially available IC AD844‐type integrated CFOAs.


Damages from flood hazards have been gradually increasing during the last decades. For decreasing the damage, the government presents various precautions. One of the precautions to prevent human injuries is a escape route. The land lay and the level of floodwater can be changed by flood, however, th...


We continue the investigation of holomorphically projective mappings between Einstein spaces. It is proved that if Einstein-Kahler four-dimensional space supposes holomorphically projective mapping to Einstein-Kahler space it is affine space or these spaces have constant holomorphic curvature.


The invention discloses a povidone iodine film coating agent for treating mastitis of dairy cows. The 1000 ml of film coating agent comprises the following materials by weight: 48-52 g of PVP-I (povidone iodine stock solution) with the mass percent concentration of 10%, 18-22 g of CMC (Carboxyl Methyl Cellulose), 1-4 g of polyvinylpyrrolidone with the model number of k13-18 and 0.3-0.7 g of potassium iodate. The povidone iodine film coating agent, prepared by the invention, is good in stability, obviously enhanced in antibacterial effect, improved in milk production of the dairy cows and greatly saved in labor and medicine costs, and good in application effect; and the povidone iodine film coating agent is a film coating agent which is special for treating mastitis of dairy cows, low in cost and high in curative effect. The preparation method of the povidone iodine film coating agent is simple in process, simple and convenient in content determination method, stable in quality, reliable in effect and suitable for extensive dairy farms.


This paper is devoted to a consideration of the present‐day situation faced by the digital economy. The appearance of this phenomenon as one of the basic pillars of modern economies has provoked increasing interest in academic circles which, for the moment, is not fully reflected in the economic literature. Against this background, the central aim of this study is to synthesise the current state of the question, accepting the limitations imposed on such an exercise that is supposed by the scarcity of sources alluded to earlier. Qualitative research in this area has concentrated on the strategies that generate competitive advantages in a digital economy scenario. We follow this line by focusing on this question, trying to determine whether these studies converge in terms of proposals that can be used as a reference point for firms operating in virtual markets. Establishing the foundations of this new scenario is essential in order to consolidate the digital economy as an independent discipline.


ASP uses a technology called ActiveX Data Objects (ADO) to work with databases. ADO is ActiveX technology which is built into the Internet Information Server (IIS). In this article I want to tell the basic principle of Database Connectivity with ASP arid ADO and the using method through a instance.


In this paper we prove some properties of nonabelian cohomologies of cyclic groups with coefficients in Lie groups. In the case that the cyclic group is Z, we show that if G is a connected compact Lie group which has a nonabelian Zmodule structure, then the canonical map H(Z, T ) → H(Z, G) is surjective with finite fibers if and only if the Z-action on G is 1-semisimple, where T is a maximal compact torus of G. In the case that the cyclic group is Zn, we show that for arbitrary connected Lie group G which has a nonabelian Zn-module structure, there always exists a maximal compact subgroup K of G which is also a Zn-submodule, and the canonical map H(Zn, K) → H(Zn, G) is bijective, generalizing a theorem in Serre [10]. This implies that for each maximal compact torus T of Gn , the canonical map H(Zn, T ) → H(Zn, G) is surjective. In this case we also show that H(Zn, G) coincides with the set of connected components of Z(Zn, G), and each connected component of Z(Zn, G) is a closed submanifold of G. Other conclusions which are also proved include that, for example, H(Zn, G) is always finite, and for each of the above two cases, every connected component of H(A, G/T ) is a closed homogeneous submanifold of G/T , and the restriction of the coboundary operator δ : H(A, G/T ) → H(A, T ) to each connected component is constant, where A = Z or Zn, respectively.


Purpose: The objective of this study was to present a current and exhaustive analysis of the contributions and studies carried out by experts regarding strategic management by competencies as a result of a bibliometric review.

Theoretical framework: Recent literature, in the last decade, has reported the increase of the need for companies to obtain a sustainable competitive advantage. So, this study about trends in management by competencies becomes essential to review all these works.

Design/Methodology/Approach: The bibliometric study was conducted using the SCOPUS database, examining 624 publications from 1966 to 2023. The main findings of this review show that only in the 21st century did the idea of people management by competencies models stand out in the scientific and business scenario.

Findings: The evidence shows that the concept of "management," present in 75% of the clusters found (high occurrence), strongly correlates with the theme of the people management model by competencies. The symbiosis between them can become one of the most important strengths (competitive differential) in a significantly changing business scenario.

Research, Practical & Social implications: We suggest a future research agenda and highlight the contributions made to other leaders and human resource managers.

Originality/Value:  The bibliometric analysis allows us to identify  that research has been carried out that contributed with elements to the models of competencies and their advances, in order to understand the model of competency management as an integrated and strategic system of evaluation and improvement of the organizations and/or people that compose it.


PURPOSE
To evaluate effect of ethanolic extract of Pedalium murex Linn. fruits on experimental model of calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Thirty-six male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided in 6 groups.Normal controls received distilled water for 28 days. Other five groups received ethylene glycol(1% v/v) in distilled water for 28 days. Pedalium murex ethanolic extract was given 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg orally in distilled water for 28 days in prophylactic groups (III and IV) and from 15th to 28th days in treatment groups (V and VI). The urea, creatinine, random blood sugar, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin and calcium were measured on 28th day. 24 hr urinary oxalate and volume were measured on day 0 and 28. On day 28, kidneys were removed, weighed and subjected to histopathological examination. Calcium oxalate crystallization was evaluated by renal histopathology and in-vitro method of mineralization.All parameters were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis or one-way ANOVA with post-hoc test.

RESULTS
Pedalium murex showed significant improvement in renal function and kidney weight inprophylactic groups as compared to ethylene glycol controls. It did not show any effect on urinary oxalate, urine volume and any other serological parameters. Calcium oxalate crystallization was significantly reduced in all the Pedalium murex treated groups (P < .05). Calcium oxalate and phosphate mineralization were also inhibited by 33% and 57%.

CONCLUSION
Ethanolic extract of Pedalium murex fruits possess significant activity for prevention of renal calculi.


created under British rule survived intact under the Free State, despite the introduction of nationalist linguistic and cultural policies. In Turkey (by Nazan Cicek) the educational policies of the Ataturk regime, one of the most drastic nation-building and secularising exercises ever, nevertheless built on the previous efforts of Ottoman reformers. In Russia, the Bolsheviks continued the drive to literacy under the Tsarist regime in its last years (though this had never extended to making education compulsory), but also introduced radical ideas about the methods of education and its potential for emancipation that were quite new, as did the Weimar Republic in Germany. The dictatorships of the 1930s reacted against progressivism, and pushed the indoctrination of children to a new level. Brockliss and Sheldon's collection stops short of that, and also omits some countries which might have formed instructive case studies: why was Japan, for example, so successful in adopting the Western model? Nevertheless, this book will surely be of much interest to policy-makers as well as educational historians.


Collected data must be organized to be utilized efficiently, and hierarchical classification of data is efficient approach to organize data. When data is classified to multiple categories or annotated with a set of labels, users request multi-labeled data by giving a set of labels. There are several interpretations of the data expressed by a set of labels. This paper discusses which data is expressed by a set of labels by introducing orders for sets of labels and shows that there are four types of orders, which are characterized by whether the labels of expressed data includes every label of the given set of labels within the range of the set. Desirable properties of the orders, data is also expressed by the higher set of labels and different sets of labels express different data, are discussed for the orders. Keywords—Classification Hierarchies, Multi-labeled Data, Multiple Classificaiton, Orders of Sets of Labels


The invention discloses a straight-pull eight-inch silicon single crystal thermal field and a production method of an eight-inch silicon single crystal. The straight-pull eight-inch silicon single crystal thermal field is characterized in that a protective tray compressed sheet is arranged on a lower protective tray compressed sheet; a graphite felt is filled between the lower protective tray compressed sheet and the protective tray compressed sheet; the bottom of a main thermal insulation cylinder is clamped with a lower thermal insulation cylinder; the bottom of the lower thermal insulation cylinder is clamped with the lower protective tray compressed sheet; the bottom of the lower protective tray compressed sheet is clamped with a furnace bottom support ring; an outer guide cylinder is arranged on a guide cylinder support ring; and an inner guide cylinder is clamped on the outer guide cylinder, and a graphite felt is filled between the inner guide cylinder and the outer guide cylinder. The thermal field has compact structure and better thermal insulation property; and in the thermal field, the equal-diameter average pulling speed is improved, equal-diameter power consumption is reduced, production cost is reduced, and production efficiency is improved. The production method of the eight-inch silicon single crystal comprises: clearing and charging a single-crystal furnace, vacuumizing, smelting a material, thermally sealing, automatically seeding, shouldering, carrying out equal-diameter growing and ending. By utilizing the method, the production efficiency and yield of a product are improved.


The text described in some embodiments of the present application-to-speech audio HIP technique, the different correlated or uncorrelated word or phrase generated by the text-to-speech engine is used as the audio HIP challenge. This technique can be applied to different effect in a text-to-speech voice synthesizer to ignite a sentence used as a HIP challenge string. Different effects, in particular, for example, the spectrum frequency-warping; Collection duration warping; Additional background; Add Echo; And it may include a strain (variation) of a duration between words. In some embodiments, the techniques of automated speech recognition tool, to change the set of parameters in order to avoid learning a model, using the audio HIP tasks used in the past, if the model is learned, in the art It may be used to recognize the audio HIP challenges created by future. Additionally, in some embodiments, the techniques introduced to the requirements of semantic understanding on the HIP challenge.


A package system is provided to reduce a protruded portion compared to a conventional package and to perform a surface mount by connecting directly a first metal line pattern of a first substrate surface of a connection module and a second metal line pattern of a second substrate surface of a base module with each other. A package system includes a base module and a connection module. One or more electronic elements are mounted on a surface of the base module. A first metal line pattern is formed on the base module. The base module has a cavity of a predetermined size. One or more packages are mounted on a surface of the connection module. A second metal line pattern is formed on the connection module. The first and the second metal line patterns are electrically connected with each other. Another package(170) is capable of being mounted on a rear surface of the connection module.


We propose to explore the feasibility of adding first-class genericity (including mixins) to a strongly-typed, object-oriented language with nominal (i.e., name-based) type equivalence. In such languages, mixins can be introduced simply as a generic class that extends one of its type parameters, e.g., a class C<T> that extends T. Although this formulation of mixins has been used extensively and informally in C++ (via templates), its use has been severely hindered by the fact that C++ does not type check the parametric versions of class definitions, allowing for many insidious runtime errors. We propose developing a formal model of such a language in order to analyze its properties. Our goal is to show that our language design is (i) theoretically sound by formally proving that program execution preserves types (type soundness) and (ii) practical by describing in particular how to efficiently extend Java (the most popular language in this category of languages) to include first-class genericity without modifying the Java Virtual Machine or adversely affecting the compatibility of legacy source and binary code. For the purposes of benchmarking, we will develop a near-production-quality compiler (comparable in robustness to the JSR-14 compiler) that supports Java extended with first-class genericity. We will also develop a suite of benchmarks designed to stress the use of generic types. With these benchmarks, we can measure the performance of our compiler as compared with both Java and the JSR14 prototype compiler (which supports a form of second-class genericity). Our expectation is that the addition of first-class genericity would not have a significant impact on performance.


Chlamydomonas hemoglobin is expressed in chloroplast during active photosynthesis. Its heme pocket has an unusual structure that undergoes substantial changes when exogenous ligands bind the heme iron. In the ferrous state of the heme, oxygen binds with high affinity and is stabilized by interactions from E7-glutamine and B10-tyrosine. In the present study, we have examined cyanide binding to the ferric heme by resonance Raman spectroscopy. The frequency of the Fe−CN stretching mode in the wild-type protein was assigned at 440 cm-1, which is significantly lower than that observed in other globins. Another cyanide isotope sensitive mode located at 315 cm-1 is tentatively assigned as an Fe(III)−His stretching mode in the six-coordinate CN adduct. To determine the sensitivity of the Fe−CN stretching mode to the interactions in the distal pocket, we also studied three distal pocket mutants. The frequency of the Fe−CN stretching mode in the cyanide complex of the Lys87Ala (E10) mutant was nearly identical to t...


The present study examined the internal structure of Bryant's (1982) Index of Empathy for Children and Adolescents, a 22-item questionnaire measure of dispositional affective empathy. Third graders (n = 817), fourth to sixth graders (n = 82), and eighth graders (n = 1,079) were studied. Factor analyses revealed that the empathy index is multidimensional, encompassing two subscales. The same two-factor solution emerged in all samples. The first factor, labeled empathic sadness, showed good reliability in the two larger samples. Sex differences were established in each sample, with girls reporting more empathic sadness than boys. The second factor, reflecting attitudes rather than feelings, showed weak reliability in all samples, and poor differentiation between the sexes in the two younger age samples. The findings seriously challenge the validity of the 22-item empathy index. Improvement of the scale as a measure of affective empathy is indicated.


Global existence, uniqueness, and asymptotic behavior of solution for the Euler-Bernoulli viscoelastic equation Mohamed Mellah1,∗ and Ali Hakem2 1 Faculty of Exact Sciences and Computer Science, Hassiba Benbouali University of Chlef, Chlef Algeria. 2 Laboratory ACEDP, Djillali Liabes University, 22000 Sidi Bel Abbes, Algeria.; email@example.com * Correspondence: email@example.com Received: 21 April 2019; Accepted: 8 May 2019; Published: 11 May 2019. Abstract: We study the global existence and uniqueness of a solution to an initial boundary value problem for the Euler-Bernoulli viscoelastic equation utt + ∆2u− g1 ∗ ∆2u + g2 ∗ ∆u + ut = 0. Further, the asymptotic behavior of solution is established.


Income distribution is defined as sharing income arising from the sale of products among persons, groups, or production factors in a country within specific periods. Income inequality is the wage gaps between persons, groups, or regions. Increasing income inequality is accepted as the primary problem of economies in terms of bringing along many problems. This is because the fair distribution has continued to remain on the agenda of economic policies. There are several methods in measuring the inequality in the distribution of income as well as this study utilized Theil index because of the sensitivity of related index to super and subgroups of the income distribution. Spain and Portugal, in this chapter, were accepted as a single county; Spain and Portugal (each) were accepted as the regions of this presumptive country. Under this assumption, the course of wages inequality in time was revealed by the inequality analysis that was performed for eight sub-sectors of the manufacturing sector of Spain and Portugal for the years between1995 and 2015.