Abstract:This essay argues that the immense and powerful reservoir of "ethnographic notes" is actually the Indigenous storyteller's body of work. Focusing exclusively on the narratives of Carmel Indian Isabel Meadows about a Carmel woman named Estéfana Real, the lens of Athabascan scholar Dian Million's "felt theory" establishes Isabel as a storyteller, scholar, and cultural activist who essentially uses Harrington as a note taker for communicating with future Indian communities through Indigenous storytelling strategies.


Abstract : Model independent enhancements and adaptations to the Gauss-Marquardt-Levenberg (GML) method of computer-based parameter estimation are described and demonstrated as potential improvements to existing HEC-HMS automatic calibration capabilities. In contrast to existing HEC-HMS automated parameter estimation capabilities, these methods support global optimization, the ability to simultaneously calibrate multiple subwatershed systems represented within an HEC-HMS model, and they also provide information about individual parameter sensitivities and parameter correlation during and at the end of the calibration process. Moreover, their model independent nature allows one to include into the calibration process (1) state information other than simply stream discharge data, (2) multiple periods, rather than a single time window, of the calibration dataset(s), and (3) the ability to weight data in order to accommodate a prediction specific calibration effort or to accommodate suspect and/or missing observations. The methods are demonstrated by calibrating HEC-HMS models to subwatershed systems in the Goodwin Creek Experimental Watershed.


The Altai region has become a major laboratory for studying the subsistence strategies developed by different human species for the exploitation of the same environment. Densiova cave occupies a specific place in this topic with its stratigraphy yielding occupations attributed to Neanderthals and Denisovians species. At Denisova cave, previous analyses underlined the existence of numerous large carnivores in the identified species suggesting an intense competition for the access to the cave by the different carnivores and human predators. The objectives of this communication is to discuss the respective role played by the different accumulators in the origin of the faunal remains and discuss the ecology of the different human species that occupied the cave. Zooarchaeological and taphonomic analyses were conducted on the macrofaunal remains of the Eastern Chamber from Denisova cave. Then, the seasonality of occupation for the different accumulators was established through a cementochronological approach. The results identify a relatively large and constant impact of the carnivores on every stratigraphic units and most of the taxa seem to have been concerned. On the opposite, the human carcass exploitations evolved through time and seems to be preferentially centered on some specific species. Interestingly, the competition to the access to the cavity was more complex than previously though since cut marks on several carnivores remains attest of their exploitation and possibly their predation by the human groups who occupied the site. While the cementum analysis is still in progress, the first results suggest a complex seasonal alternation in the site occupation but several direct evidence sustain that humans and carnivores closely followed one another in Denisova cave. At the end, we have a unique understanding of the cave occupation. This study offers a renewed understanding of the strong interactions between Neanderthals and Denisovians ∗Speaker †Corresponding author: firstname.lastname@example.com sciencesconf.org:uispp2018:179959 and their faunal environment and it brings new insights to human ecology at the sunset of the Middle Paleolithic in the Siberian Altai region. This study was notably funded by the CemeNTAA Project (ANR-14-CE31-0011) and the LIA Artemir.


and a minimum in August (30, 4.7%). As depicted in table 1 , statistical analysis of the number of new CU patients in relation to the total number of new visits to the department during the same period reveled a seasonal pattern characterized by a winter peak ( 2 test, p ! 0.0001). Of 245 patients from whom a detailed history was available, 64 (26.1%) experienced CU only in winter and never in warm or hot seasons. Severe difficulties to sweat normally during exercise/ training or in hot conditions was the main complaint in 17 (6.9%) patients. In these, anhidrosis affected most surfaces of the body except the axillae, palms, popliteal fossae and plantar surfaces. They were sent to the neurology department, and further neurological and laboratory evaluation revealed no abnormalities, leading to the diagnosis of acquired idiopathic generalized hypohidrosis. All 17 patients also had dry skin and/or xerotic eczema. Interestingly, most (82.4%) of the patients with both CU and hypohidrosis complained of the symptoms only in the winter season ( table 2 ), which is an identical feature described by Kobayashi et al. [1] . Antihistamines were generally ineffective in these patients. Instead, 2–4 weeks of application of topical keratolytic agents or moisturizers for the associated xerotic condition helped relieve the prickling sense in the wintertime. The present series demonstrates a relatively high incidence of hypohidrosis in patients with CU. This finding suggests that hypohidrosis in patients with CU [1, 2] is not an incidental finding but may have an intimate and important relationship with the pathogenesis of CU. Considering that the majority of patients with CU are highly sensitive to autologous sweat [3] , it makes sense that hypohidrosis induces symptoms of CU if the sweat leaks into the dermis and causes a hypersensitivity response. I agree with Kobayashi et al. [1] in that poral occlusion due to winter xerosis contributes to the disturbance of sweat delivery to the skin surface, which could be the pathogenic mechanism of CU in


The present invention relates to an MEMS sensor for a vehicle, which comprises a sensor housing containing and supporting an MEMS element, and having multiple mounting brackets with mounting holes; a light hollow mounting bush inserted into the mounting hole of each mounting bracket to be coupled to a vehicle body; and a soft grommet inserted between the mounting hole and the mounting bush and supporting the mounting hole and the mounting bush in contact with the surface. According to the present invention, the MEMS element is able to be actively isolated from external impacts and vibration so that impacts and vibration from the outside are not delivered to the MEMS element in the housing, and the flatness of the sensor housing is not twisted in the service environment of the low and high temperature.


The rheology of PET/PC blends obtained by melt reactive blending using various transesterification catalysts has been measured in the melt at 260 °C in dynamic oscillatory shear flow. The thermal stability in the melt of PET/PC blends is a key limitation of the measurement time especially in presence of transesterification catalysts. For long residence time, a noticeable decrease of the viscosity is observed. This decrease is attributed to thermal degradation promoted by exchange reactions. The efficiency of phosphite and phenolic stabilizers, alone or in combination, has been assessed from the rheological measurements. The results show that the effectiveness of phenolic species is more important than that of phosphites. The addition of 0.3 wt‐% of Irganox 1010 delays the decrease of the rheological characteristics for 10 minutes.


How do we read an unknown painting that does not have any documentation in literary sources? What is the intention behind the creation of a painting like the Hermitage of the Recluse Sokchong(hereaFter referred to as the Hermitage)? The Hermitage depicts a gencleman`s dwelling on a large scale. Nothing has been known regarding this painting except that if was done by the painter Chon Chunghyo who is believed to have lived during the 17th century. The Hermitage is a landscape and thus an unusual for Chon Chunghyo, whose expertise is known to have been in bird-and-flower paintings. It apparently portrays a residence owned by a specific person rather than a "naturescape," and thus can be characterized as a depiction of "landscape of property." Extant paintings of proper-ties, known to be done as a commemorarive work for the later generations, were generally created after the 17th century. These commemorative paintings were sponsored by the literati, and unlike royal patron paintings, they depicted the per-son who ordered the painting as the main character and combined the painting with calligraphy, a poem, and a colophon entrusted to experts of each field. The paintings appear to have been made in accordance with the preference of their patrons. According to the established explanation, the popularity of a literati``s hermitage during the mid-Choson dynasty was related to the thought of secluded dwelling prevalent at the rime. This article also pays attention to the essential and natural character of these paint-ings by using different types of source materials, such as unofficial and private docu-ments of the gentry class. Thus, the Hermitage is analyzed in the context of property or real estate miming. Land was me source of wealth in Choson society. Before the 17th century, the number of domestic servants was important in showing off the wealth of a family, bur after the Hideyoshi invasion in 1592, real estate became the main source of income. In this context, the depiction of property was also thought to be an important task. They needed famous sites near their dwellings and promi-nent painters were employed since painters with high reputations would contribute to the value of [heir house painting. Then, how does the Hermitage use the pictorial languages inside the painting? What was the function of this paining? This paper aims to identify this unknown paining by getting clues from forms in the Hermitage. This is an attempt to reveal the fact that those tiny clues, seemingly intentionally in a scene, are in fact the devices for landmarks intentionally adopted to make the painting consistent with its characteristic as p


Thank you for reading instabilities of flows with and without heat transfer and chemical reaction. As you may know, people have look numerous times for their chosen books like this instabilities of flows with and without heat transfer and chemical reaction, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some harmful virus inside their computer.


The Qwman-Mongolian Dictionary was reversed by the aid of a Computer, i.e. the German and Mongolian entries swapj^ed places, so tha t the Mongolian articles including their respeotive derivatives, phraseologisms, illustrative examples, etc., inoved to the left side in the order of the Mongolian aiphabet. This procedure niade it possible for about 50 % of the resulting material to be directly mclxxäed ixi the Mongolian-Oerman Dictionary. In ovir view, this computerized approach, apar t frora facilitating editorial work, had one other major advantage insofar as the vast amount of research tha t went into the preparation of the earlier dictionary (mainly investigations into problems of Mongolian grammar) eould be pu t to twofold use. In addition. the material stored in the Computer can now be processed (selected, c'ounted, collated, sorted, edited, etc.) in a variety of different ways and in accordance with different programmes.


Through the application of a bias voltage, metamaterials can dynamically change their response, opening up new technological possibilities. Combining design elements from three common metamaterial patterns, we have created a metamaterial polarizing filter that will transmit all polarization orientations equally when in the static mode. When a bias voltage is applied, the filter will minimize the transmission of x-polarized light in the wavelength band of interest. Progress has been made on creating a sufficiently conductive metamaterial to enable the dynamic mode, as well as on incorporating several filters into a monolithic stack. Fabrication methods and transmission results for the required substrates will be discussed.


Volume 1. 1918-1930: looks at the aspirations of the Kurds before the Paris Peace Conference of 1919 the grievances, petitions and agitations of the Kurds when the Iraqi Government failed to deliver the pledges given by the League of Nations in 1926 the riots and Kurdish uprisings in Hakkari and Sulaimani the Kurdish policy of the Iraqi Government and the Kurdish demands for a Kurdish state under a British Mandate. Volume 2. 1931-1940: reports the divergence of views between the British and Iraqi Governments on the Kurdish petitions reports on the Local Languages Law, schools and education describes the personalities and factions of the Kurdish tribes, the arrest of Taufiq Wahbi Beg and the treatment of Kurds in Iraq reports on the Kurdish resentment of Arab rule and the beginning of Kurdish nationalism. Volume 3. 1941-1967: reports on the military and political position in Iranian Kurdistan in 1941 comments on the Turkish attitude to the Kurdish question reports the situation along the Iran-Iraq border during World War II describes the post-War Kurdish situation in Syria, Russia, Iraq and Azerbaijani Kurdistan records the beginnings of Kurdish broadcasting in Iran, Iraq, Azerbaijan and Russia reports the birth of the Kurdish Democratic Party in 1961 documents the deterioration of relations between the Kurds and the Iraqi Government in 1965, leading to the deployment of Iraqi troops describes the Kurdish counter offensive and the supply of aid to the Kurds from Iran Volume 4. 1968-1974: reports the position of Kurds in Syria describes the British attitude to the Kurdish rebellion in a document entitled 'Kurdistan: Iraq and Iran' reports the 1970 Agreement between the Kurds and the Iraqi Government records the resumption of hostilities in 1973 between the Ba'ath Party and the Kurds reveals the plans in 1974 for Kurdish Autonomy records activities of the Iraqi Front Delegation, Kurdish dissidents in London and Kurdish Red Crescent Society includes British Government reviews of the Kurdish situation written in 1979, 1983 and 1992.


The convection flow in 2D vertically oscillated granular layers is studied.The trajectory,speed distribution and area of flow are obtained.The results show clearly that the convection flow is unstable even when the flow rate is lower.The factor q is introduced in order to describe the instability.Factors leading to the instability are analyzed and unstable degrees in some areas are determined through the conservation law of flow rate.


The increase of motor vehicle accidents over the past decades has made their early and accurate detection crucial not only for saving human lives, but also for decreasing time and energy wasted due to congestion. Unlike existing work that has thus far focused on accident detection, this work recognizes the problem of accident localization as an equally important challenge to be addressed. A novel algorithm is proposed to optimally detect the time of an accident and subsequently estimate its geographic location in near–real–time based on speed sensor readings. Evaluation on a large–scale real–world dataset demonstrates that the proposed approach achieves significant gains compared to state–of–the–art with respect to false alarm rate and average detection delay, while at the same time being capable of pinpointing the exact location of accidents within less than 2 miles on average.


The Russian Federation tests the difficult historical period of formation of the latest social and economic relationship. Transition to new forms of public administration realizes in the conditions of a constant lack and duality of the legal basis governing the economic relations, lags of the legislation from the actions which are really happening in the world. In the international relations the Russian Federation meets aspiration of industrially developed states, big foreign corporations to use a situation in the Russian Federation and the countries participants of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) in the financial and political interests. All this without exception creates especially considerable purposeful activities for ensuring financial security of the state and its citizens on the basis of the general state strategy. The state strategy of economic security of the Russian Federation is the difficult making state security of the Russian Federation in general. It aims at realization of economic reorganizations in the next three-five years. The state strategy forms and concretizes the corresponding approvals of the developed concept of national security of Russia taking into account the state interest in the field of economy. Strategy of economic security and the state economic policy categories and instruments of state regulation of economy have to be in interdependence and interaction with each other. On the one hand, strategy of economic security part of economic policy reflects its strategic target reference points, desirable quality of adjustable macroeconomic system. On the other hand, the estimates of quantitative parameters characterizing desirable state of the economy define restrictions for use of those methods of carrying out economic policy, possible results which applications are capable to reduce the level of economic security. In this article authors considered main objectives and problems of development of the state strategy of economic security of the Russian Federation and presented the principles according to which the state strategy is developed.


The text of A Dream of Red Mansions has various visual angles, narrators also often speak in irony,and the original text has no end,all of which bring about the narrative fog in A Dream of Red Mansions.It results in ambiguity in image of Xiren. Xiren isn't a very tame slave, but a woman who often gives orders to her master. Her sharp weapon is her love. As a concubine, she chooses a wife for Baoyu, which is one of examples that shows her influence to Baoyu's life. Xiren isn't a lucky woman in Daguanyuan, but only one of the sad women.


This work presents a methodology for estimating the Measurement uncertainty team uniform circular motion. The methodology descr ibed is developed through the following stages: i) modeling of the measuremen t procedure, ii) Evaluation of standard uncertainty Type A and Type B, iii) Cal culate the combined standard uncertainty, iv) Calculate the effective number of degrees of freedom, v) Calculate the expanded uncertainty


The improving of edible film quality on antimicrobial activity can be maintained by incorporation of red ginger essential oil due to their active components of shogaol and gingerol. Shogaol and gingerol are antioxidant and antimicrobial agent which can improve the effectivity of edible film as preservative material for food. The objectives of this research is to study the effect of essential oil addition to the characteristic and antimicrobial activity of chitosan based edible film. This study were carrried out through two steps of procedures. The first step was purification of red ginger oil by using of distillation method at 80 o C to separate the ethanol solvent. The second step was preparation of chitosan based edible film by mixing continued with homogenization of red ginger essential oil and chitosan solution. The concentrations of red ginger essential oil in the total mixture were varied of 0.6; 0.9; and 1.2% (w/w). Glyserol was added in the mixture in order to plastisize the film. The obtained solution was then spread on a glass surface and dried to result a thin film. The drying condition were varied of ambient temperature, 70 o C, and 80 o C by using of the oven. The lowest swelling capacity of 30.5% was resulted from the oven drying method at 80 o C temperature and the red ginger oil concentration at 1.2%. The inhibition test of edible film to Escherechia coli ( E.coli ) shows that 1.2% of red ginger oil concentration in the film results the lowest total colonies per 4 cm of the test area (6125 colonies).


Tridodecylammonium 3,5-dinitro-1,2,4-1H-triazolate (TDADNT) was synthesized and characterized by NMR, IR, and Raman spectra, elemental analysis and TG/DTA. Its structure was further confirmed by the single crystal X-ray diffraction (Fig. 2), which shows that the compound crystallizes in the triclinic space group P-1 with a = 8.9507(19) Å, b = 12.702(2) Å, c = 19.068(4) Å, α = 72.440(5) o, β = 89.620(7) o, γ = 84.901(7) o, V = 2058.3(7) Å3, Z = 2. The salt is thermally stable up to 270 °C with the TG/DTA measurements.


An image interpolation problem is often encountered in many areas. Some examples are interpolation for coding/decoding process for transmission purposes, reconstruction a full frame from two interlaced sub-frames in normal TV or HDTV, or reconstruction of missing frames in old destroyed cinematic sequences. In this paper an overview of interframe interpolation methods is presented. Both direct as well as motion compensated interpolation techniques are given by examples. The used methodology can also be either classical or based on neural networks depending on demand of a specific interpolation problem solving person.


Assessment of structural deterioration due to in-service and environmental loads is an essential element in ensuring safety, operability and long life of various structures and structural components. There is an increasing need for technologies that could allow for monitoring material degradation at the micro/meso scale before the onset of the macro-scale fracture. In this contribution, we report results of the real-time monitoring of the material micro/meso scale degradation using the nonlinear acoustic vibro-modulation technique. The technique explores nonlinear acoustic interaction of high frequency ultrasound and low frequency structural vibration at the site of the incipient damage. It is shown that micro/meso scale degradation increases the material nonlinearity leading to modulation of the high frequency ultrasonic signal by low frequency vibration, quantified by the nonlinear acoustic damage index (DI). The correlation of DI measured for hundreds of test coupons with material degradation was confirmed using traditional ultrasonic and SEM examinations.Copyright © 2007 by ASME


In this paper, we propose a new development and execution environment based on workflow and PGAS methodologies for parallel programmings in post-petascale systems. It is expected that post-petascale systems will have a huge and highly hierarchical architecture with nodes of many-core processors and accelerators. For current parallel programs, MPI, MPI/OpenMP hybrid, and so on, it would be sometimes difficult to exploit the post-petascale systems efficiently. The proposed environment, called FP2C (Framework for Post-Petascale Computing), supports multi-program methodologies across multi-architectural levels. It introduces a PGAS parallel programming language called XcalableMP (XMP) to describe tasks into a workflow environment called YML. FP2C is composed of three layers: (1) workflow programming, (2)distributed programming, and (3) shared-memory parallel programming/accelerator. Computational experiments suggest that effective use of cores and memories can be achieved by controlling the level of hierarchization using FP2C.


344. 2009), North America (Esslinger, Opusc. Philolichenum 18: 161. 2018). Currently, ca. 15 species are recognized in the genus (Species Fungorum, http://www.speciesfungorum.org/; accessed 10 Oct 2020). The genus Lepolichen was erected by Trevisan (Spighe e Paglie: 5. 1853), also for a single species from southern South America, when he combined Parmelia coccophoraMont. (in Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 3, 18: 309. 1852) into his newgenus as L. coccophorus (Mont.) Trevis. The only other name that has ever been included in Lepolichen is L. granulatus Müll. Arg. (in Flora 71: 549. 1888). This was intended to be based onPorina granulataHook. f.&Taylor (inHooker, Bot. Antarct. Voy. 1: 200. 1845), but this name is illegitimate because of Porina granulata Ach. (Syn. Meth. Lich.: 112. 1814), and so the name has priority only from Müller's combination into Lepolichen. However, Müller failed to realize this and assumed Porina granulata was an earlier name for L. coccophorus, which he included as a synonym. In fact, Hooker's collection originated from the Auckland Islands (New Zealand) and is referrable to C. cucurbitula. Accordingly, L. granulatus is a synonym of that name, and the genus Lepolichen remains monospecific. Schmitt & al. (in Lichenologist 33: 320. 2001) showed that L. coccophorus, which differs from species of Coccotrema primarily in growth form (crustose in Coccotrema, minutely foliose in Lepolichen), was nested within a clade including Coccotrema species. They combined L. coccophorus intoCoccotrema asC. coccophorum (Mont.) I. Schmitt & al., apparently failing to appreciate that Lepolichenwas the older name and, consequently, had nomenclatural priority. Coccotrema is a widespread genus of c. 12–15 described species and is the basis of the family name Coccotremataceae Henssen ex J.C. David &D. Hawksw. (in Syst. Ascomycetum 10: 14. 1991). Its distribution is primarily amphipacific with species occurring in northwestern North America (Alaska and British Columbia south to northern California), southern South America (Argentina, Chile, Falkland Islands), and Antarctica, along with Australia, New Zealand, and the western seaboard of Japan, with a single outlying species (C. citrinescens P. James & Coppins in Lichenologist 24: 355. 1992) in NW Europe (Iceland, Ireland, Norway, U.K.). In contrast, Lepolichen is represented by a single species confined to southern South America (Argentina, Chile, Falkland Islands). Replacing Coccotrema with Lepolichen would require changing the names of 12–15 species in a genus that occurs in at least 12 countries on six continents. Conversely, conserving Coccotrema against Lepolichen involves transferring only a single species that occurs in only three countries on a single continent and perpetuates the situation that has persisted unchallenged since 2001.


Catheter ablation for drug refractory, symptomatic atrial fibrillation (AF), is becoming increasingly common and can be beneficial in alleviating symptoms. However, in the elderly, there are concerns about the risks an invasive procedure poses, with limited published data available in those aged over 80 years.

 To determine the complication risk of AF catheter ablation in the elderly

 Complications were identified from patient records in 3156 consecutive patients who underwent radiofrequency catheter ablation for AF, at a tertiary cardiology centre between 2013–2017. All cases were performed under general anesthesia.

 In this cohort of 3156 patients (mean age= 62.9±11.0 years, female = 29.9%), 90 (2.85%) (mean age= 66±10.0 years, female = 49.5%) complications were identified. In patients aged ≥80 years, complications occurred in 5 out of 99 patients (5.05%) (mean age= 82.6±1.2, female=100%), compared to 85 out of 3057 patients (2.78%) in those aged <80 years (mean age= 65±10.3, female = 49.4%). The difference was not significant p=0.18. Complications in the elderly all occurred acutely, and included groin haematoma (2.02%), pneumonia (2.02%) and pericardial effusion (1.01%).

 Catheter ablation for AF in patients ≥80 years of age, is not associated with a significant increase in complication risk, compared to those who are younger.


OCCUPATIONAL APPLICATIONS Heavy deadlifting is used as a screening tool or training protocol for recruitment and retention in physically-demanding occupations, especially in the military. Spinal loads experienced during heavy deadlifts, particularly shearing forces, are well above recommended thresholds for lumbar spine injury in occupational settings. Although members of the noted occupation likely have stronger musculoskeletal systems compared to the general population, experiencing shearing forces that are 2 to 4 times larger than the threshold of injury, particularly under repetitive deadlift, may transform a screening tool or training protocol to an occupationally-harmful physical activity. TECHNICAL ABSTRACT Background: Low back pain is a significant problem and one of the primary musculoskeletal conditions affecting active duty service members. There is a need to comprehensively assess the effects of repetitive deadlifts as a physical training modality on lumbar spine loads and the potential mechanisms involved in lumbosacral injuries among soldiers. Purpose: The purpose of this narrative review is to summarize studies of low back biomechanics during repetitive deadlifts as used in training programs to improve lifting capacity. Methods: PubMed and Google Scholar were searched for studies of lifting that met our inclusion and exclusion criteria. Only full text articles in English were included, and their reference lists were further searched. Results: Heavy deadlifts can result in large compressive and shearing spinal loads that range from 5 − 18 kN, and 1.3 − 3.2 kN, respectively. No studies of lower back biomechanics during repetitive deadlifts were found. However, findings of studies that investigated lower back biomechanics during other types of repetitive lifting suggest a high likelihood for adverse changes in lower back biomechanics that can increase risk of lower back injury. Conclusion: Repetitive deadlifting is increasingly implemented as a training modality to develop maximal lifting capacities required in military occupations. Further research is needed to understand the effects of such a training modality on lower back biomechanics and risk of injury.


The distribution of the electric field around a tunnel is different from that in full space because of the tunnel-cavity effect.Taking the infinite plate for instance,the distribution of electric field in full space is solved and detection-thickness ratio is presented to discuss the limit of advanced detection.The apparent resistivity can be influenced by on small spacing of electrodes,but the anomaly of geologic-bodies ahead of the tunnel is not screened by the tunnel-cavity's effect.The calculating results of many models show that the place of the anomalous extreme is 5~10 times the plate and influenced by thickness and electric property of the plate.It is difficult to determine exactly the geologic body only using the place of the anomalous extreme.


Abstract This article will examine the response of the self-declared Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC) to the COVID-19 pandemic from an ontological security approach to illustrate how critical junctures may help de facto states in their quest for status and internal legitimacy. Stressing the pandemic's role in the reconstruction of political narratives and self-legitimating practices among Turkish Cypriot elites, it sheds light on the effects of this global crisis on domestic power struggles in Northern Cyprus as well as its quasi-foreign relations with its patron state (Turkey), parent state (Republic of Cyprus), and the European Union. The study shows that both nationalist and federalist elites of the de facto entity instrumentalized the pandemic in their legitimation strategies and engaged in opportunistic behavior amid the outbreak. It also reveals how the pandemic enhanced the ontological security of Northern Cyprus while advancing its nationalist leadership's claims for legitimate authority by enabling state-specific forms of agency and unilateral acts concerning the Cyprus dispute that may jeopardize the resumption of peace talks with Greek Cypriots. Thus, it can be assumed that advanced ontological security of the TRNC is highly volatile given the prospects of further isolation and de-engagement in the post-pandemic era.


This article addresses the problem of financing the renewal of an aging infrastructure in U.S. cities. The infrastructure's importance is recognized, but most major cities are preoccupied with poverty, crime, drugs, unemployment, etc. As any increase in federal help is uncertain, at best, states and cities are the ones who will have to do the job if it is to be done. There are several potential revenue sources: state and local sales taxes that now are not levied on mail-order sales, worth about $2.50 billion a year; diesel fuel tax being collected and pocketed by dishonest retailers at a cost of nearly half a billion a year; gasohol tax exemptions costing about half a billion a year; tax exemptions for vehicles owned by state and local governments, and user fees charged for such things as water resource projects, Amtrak and small local airports that don't come close to covering the actual cost; and public pension funds, which could be tapped as a source of loans for public works renewal. Also discussed are the capability of local government to deal with the problem of an aging infrastructure, public-private coalitions to raise funds, and the need for long-range regional planning


Abstract 1126 Poster Board I-148 Background The IRIS study demonstrated superior safety and efficacy of imatinib (IM) relative to interferon-αa + cytarabine. Based on results from this trial, IM is currently recommended as front-line therapy for CML-CP patients (pts). We report 8-yr follow-up of IRIS, evaluating long-term efficacy and safety of IM. Methods The 553 pts randomized to first-line IM were evaluated for cytogenetic and molecular responses, event-free survival (EFS), progression to accelerated-phase (AP) or blast crisis (BC), overall survival (OS), discontinuations, and frequency of serious adverse events (SAEs). EFS was defined as time until the first occurrence of any of the following: death from any cause, progression to AP/BC, loss of a complete hematologic response or major cytogenetic response, or an increasing white cell count to > 20 × 10 9 /L. Yearly progression rates were calculated using the life-table method considering available follow-up. Following study drug discontinuation, pts were followed for OS and stem cell transplant (SCT) information. Results At the 8-yr data cut-off, 304 (55%) pts remained on IM study treatment, and 45% had discontinued treatment due to adverse events (AEs)/safety (6%), unsatisfactory therapeutic outcome (16%), SCT (3%), death (3%) or other reasons (17% for withdrawal or lack of renewal of consent and miscellaneous). No new safety issues were identified in a long-term analysis of serious adverse events. Estimated EFS at 8 yr was 81% and freedom from progression to AP/BC was 92%. Estimated OS was 85% at 8 yr, and 93% when only CML-related deaths and those prior to SCT were considered. Three events occurred in yr 8: 1 progression to AP/BC and 2 deaths unrelated to CML (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [1]; pneumonia aspiration [1]). The annual rates of progression to AP/BC in yr 4 to 8 after initiation of therapy were 0.9%, 0.5%, 0%, 0%, & 0.4%, respectively. Only 15 (3%) pts who achieved complete cytogenetic response (CCyR) progressed to AP/BC, all but 1 within 2 yr of achieving CCyR. BCR-ABL transcript numbers were monitored sequentially in 98 pts. Among these, the rate of major molecular response (MMR, To establish the relationship between early cytogenetic response (CyR) status and subsequent outcomes during 8 yr of IM treatment, we compared the cumulative incidence of achieving stable CCyR (defined as CCyR without subsequent event) vs the probability of an event (as described above but excluding CML-unrelated deaths) according to levels of CyR at 3, 6, 12, & 18 mo (Table 1). Pts with minor to partial CyR (> 0–65% Ph+ metaphases) at 3 mo and those with partial CyR (PCyR; > 0–35% Ph+ metaphases) at 6 & 12 mo were more likely to achieve a stable CCyR than have an event. Among pts with less than CCyR at 18 mo, the probability of an event was comparable to the probability of achieving stable CCyR. Conclusions CML-CP pts responding to IM had a low overall risk of progression to AP/BC. Most AP/BC events occurred early, with minimal risk after yr 3 and no evidence for an increase over time. Minor CyR at 3, PCyR at 6 and 12, and CCyR at 18 mo were associated with stable CCyR over the observation period. The safety profile of IM remains unchanged after 8 yr, with no previously unreported AEs identified over the past 36 mo. These data suggest that pts responding to IM are likely to maintain their responses on long-term therapy and confirm a favorable risk-benefit ratio in CML-CP pts. Disclosures Deininger: Novartis: Consultancy; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Consultancy; Calistoga: Research Funding; Genzyme: Research Funding. O9Brien: Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; BMS: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Wyeth: Research Funding. Guilhot: Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; BMS: Consultancy, Honoraria. Goldman: Novartis: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau. Hochhaus: Novartis: Research Funding. Hughes: Bristol-Myers Squibb: Advisor, Honoraria, Research Funding; Novartis: Advisor, Honoraria, Research Funding. Radich: Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding. Hatfield: Novartis: Employment, Equity Ownership, Patents & Royalties. Mone: Novartis: Employment. Filian: Novartis: Employment. Reynolds: Novartis: Employment. Gathmann: Novartis: Employment. Larson: Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding. Druker: OHSU patent # 843 - Mutate ABL Kinase Domains: Patents & Royalties; MolecularMD: Equity Ownership; Roche: Consultancy; Cylene Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy; Calistoga Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy; Avalon Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy; Ambit Biosciences: Consultancy; Millipore via Dana-Farber Cancer Institute: Patents & Royalties; Novartis, ARIAD, Bristol-Myers Squibb: Research Funding.


Background Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder and is the leading cause of hyperandrogenemia in women. Acne vulgaris is also a common cutaneous manifestation of hyperandrogenism. Objective To determine the prevalence of PCOS in patients with acne and its associated factors with regard to the clinical and paraclinical findings. Patients and methods In this cross-sectional study, 118 women with acne referred to various clinics of dermatology were enrolled. A clinical examination was followed by a laboratory examination, including hormone profile and ovarian sonography. Confirmation of PCOS was based on the diagnostic criteria of the National Institute of Health (NIH) and the sonographic findings. Results The subjects were 14-38 years old. PCOS was diagnosed in 57 (48.3%) patients by sonography methods, while, 71 (60.2%) patients were diagnosed as PCOS cases based on the NIH criteria. Around 54% of the patients complained of hirsutism and 37% of them suffered from menstrual disturbances. PCOS versus non-PCOS had profiles of prolactin (19.36±11.96 ng/ml vs. 17.31±9.29 ng/ml), testosterone (0.80±0.57 pg/ml vs. 0.93±0.98 pg/ml), and dehydroepiandrosterone levels (2.48±1.98 µg/dl vs. 1.97±1.02 µg/dl), which were not statistically different ( p >0.05). The luteinizing hormone to follicular stimulating hormone ratio was significantly higher in PCOS ( p =0.01). Conclusion According to the findings of this study, PCOS is a common disorder among women with acne. Although PCOS was expected to correspond with a specific hormonal profile, our study showed that most of the PCOS patients had normal levels of tested hormones. Therefore, we recommend that sonographic evaluation be one of the core examinations in the diagnosis of PCOS in women having acne.


Some cytokines refuse to be pigeonholed. On [page 1653][1], Nowak et al. show that interleukin (IL) 9 can derive from a number of CD4+ T cell types. And when produced in an autoimmune setting, IL-9 contributed to disease.

![Figure][2]

IL-9R deficiency ameliorates the severity of EAE.

Many


To explore interleukin-6 (IL-6) production and characterize lipid accumulation in L02 hepatocytes induced by sodium oleate. L02 hepatocytes were incubated with 0, 37.5, 75, 150, 300, 600, or 1,200 μmol/L sodium oleate for 24 h, and the supernatant was collected to detect the concentration of IL-6. L02 hepatocytes were incubated with 300, 150, 75, or 0 μmol/L sodium oleate for 0-24 h. The supernatant was collected for detection of IL-6 and free fatty acids. L02 hepatocytes treated with 300 μmol/L sodium oleate for 0-24 h were stained with Oil Red O. With extended sodium oleate incubation time, IL-6 levels increased, and free fatty acids decreased. After 24 h incubation, IL-6 levels increased as sodium oleate increased from 37.5 to 300 μmol/L ( P < 0.05 for 37.5 μmol/L, P < 0.01 for 75 μmol/L and P < 0.001 for concentrations 150 μmol/L or higher). Lipid accumulation increased as the sodium oleate concentration and incubation time increased. Oil Red O staining intensified with incubation time extending beyond 2 h. IL-6 production and lipid accumulation in L02 hepatocytes are influenced by sodium oleate in a dose- and time-dependent manner.


This paper presents an orthogonal collocation based entry trajectory solution strategy using Pigeon Inspired Optimization (PIO). PIO is a swarm algorithm based on the homing behavior of pigeons. For the unpowered re-entry vehicle, bank angle modulation is considered as the primary control with a predefined nominal angle of attack profile. In this approach, bank angle is approximated using a higher order polynomial. This control variable is discretized at Chebyshev Lobatto collocation points. The value of bank angle at these points is obtained using PIO algorithm. The terminal constraints of entry trajectory are part of the objective function. After generating the entry trajectory referred to as reference trajectory, Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) control is used to track the reference trajectory for dispersions in the initial states at entry interface. Advantages of PIO algorithm are that it does not require an initial guess and that inequality constraints can be incorporated. This method is demonstrated by applying it to Common Aero Vehicle (CAV-H) with high lift to drag ratio.


In line with previous studies, where outdoor nature experience was shown to support adolescents' environmental knowledge, our study monitored the influence of a hands-on environmental programme within a National Park on cognitive knowledge achievement. A sample of 4th and 5th graders (n = 289) completed a week-long outreach conservation programme with two follow-up options: the first group (n = 170) interacted with thematic posters, the second group (n = 128) also completed a thematic board game. In a quasi-experimental design, we analysed both versions with regard to achievement efforts and individual situational emotions. Altogether, programme participation added cognitive knowledge, while group one (poster and board game as follow-up option) outmatched group two (just the poster option). Measures of 'state' and 'situational' emotions regarding the programme and right after game participation revealed positive effects toward knowledge. Thus, we conclude, direct experiences with nature and additional hands-on follow-up activities may foster a student's cognitive achievement in such programmes.


SUMMARY Using a 3-D seismic reflection data set recorded by the Canadian petroleum exploration industry to 5.1 s two-way traveltime (∼15 km depth) in northwestern Alberta, the Winagami reflection sequence (WRS), an interpreted sill complex previously identified on Lithoprobe 2-D multichannel seismic reflection lines, is investigated to determine its 3-D geometry and reflective characteristics. Clear evidence of the top of the WRS emerges from the data set. Data sections outline a 3-D reflective sheet dipping to the southeast. From polarity comparisons with reflections from the sedimentary sequence, the reflective signature of the deep body is inferred to result from higher impedance material than the surrounding host rocks, thus reinforcing earlier interpretations that the deep reflections result from doleritic sills intruded into gneissic crystalline basement. Simple 1-D forward modelling reveals that the thickness of the sheet is on the order of 100 m throughout the survey region. From 3-D Kirchhoff forward modelling, a model of the reflective sheet is constrained between 11 and 16 km depth along the northwestern edge of the survey area. The absence of the Winagami reflections, and basement reflectivity in general, in the southeast of the survey region coincides with a positive aeromagnetic anomaly inferred to be caused by magmatic rocks. The presence of the magmatic rocks may have either influenced the geometry of the intrusion of the sills, overprinted their reflective signature or been co-magmatic, dependent upon the relative timing of emplacement of the two features. The Winagami sill complex appears to have been intruded horizontally into the crust during a period of tectonic compression. The emplacement of such deep Precambrian sills represents an under-appreciated mode of magmatic addition into the crystalline crust.


Preference diversity arouses much research attention in recent years, as it is believed to be closely related to many profound problems such as user activeness in social media or recommendation systems. However, due to the lack of large-scale data with comprehensive user behavior log and accurate content labels, the real quantitative effect of preference diversity on user activeness is still largely unknown. This paper studies the heterogeneous effect of preference diversity on user activeness in social media. We examine large-scale real-world datasets collected from two of the most popular video-sharing social platforms in China, including the behavior logs of more than 787 thousand users and 1.95 million videos, with accurate content category information. We investigate the distribution and evolution of preference diversity, and find rich heterogeneity in the effect of preference diversity on the dynamic activeness. Furthermore, we discover the divergence of preference diversity mechanisms for the same user under different usage scenarios, such as active (where users actively seek information) and passive (where users passively receive information) modes. Unlike existing qualitative studies, we propose a universal mixture model with the capability of accurately fitting dynamic activeness curves while reflecting the heterogeneous patterns of preference diversity. To our best knowledge, this is the first quantitative model that incorporates the effect of preference diversity on user activeness. With the modeling parameters, we are able to make accurate churn and activeness predictions and provide decision support for increasing user activity through the intervention of diversity. Our findings and model comprehensively reveal the significance of preference diversity and provide potential implications for the design of future recommendation systems and social media.


Along with the development of software technology,the architecture of the software changes majorly.Traditional software architecture has many defects in upgrading,performance optimization.When the upgrading is performed,it need recompile and link the whole code.In the performance,most of the software always loads all modules when it starts.In order to solve these problems,this work bases on dynamic link library,presenting a new software design method.Using this framework,engineers could program the software interface efficiently,loading the modules when it needs.This framework supports expanding.When engineers do the second development,they needn't compile the main framework.Every modules display as dynamic link library,reducing the application's coupling.


A system of n masses, equal or not, interconnected by nonlinear "symmetric" springs, and having n degrees of freedom is examined. The concept of normal modes is rigorously defined and the problem of finding them is reduced to a geometrical maximum-minimum problem in an n-space of known metric. The solution of the geometrical problem reduces the coupled equations of motion to n uncoupled equations whose natural frequencies can always be found by a single quadrature. An infinite class of systems, of which the linear system is a member, has been isolated for which the frequency amplitude can be found in closed form.


September 17, 1954, 29 entomologists met at Ellensburg, WA for the purpose of organizing an entomological society for Washington State. The meeting was organized by Carl Johansen who was selected chairman pro tem. A name, Washington State Entomological Society, was quickly chosen and it was decided to hold two meetings annually. A constitution and bylaws were not adopted until the second meeting, March, 1955. Purpose of the Society (article II) is "… to promote both professional and avocation entomology … with emphasis … in the State of Washington and the Pacific Northwest."


In this paper we forecast the development tendency of inbound tourism market in Henan province since 1997.Our result are based on the following analysis in three respects:1)Total developmemt situation of the inbound tourism market in Henan province since 1997;2)Composition characteristics of the inbound tourism market in Henan province since 1997;3)Structure changes of the tourist consumption of the inbound tourism market in Henan province since 1997.


The gain dependence on external electric field is investigated in two-wave coupling with a bismuth silicon oxide crystal. Through experiments it was found that the maximum gain is attained when a limited voltage of external field is applied to the crystal. External electric field over the optimal voltage decreases the gain of two-wave coupling. The mechanism of the gain enhancement depending on external electric field is discussed through the analyses of experimental results of non-destructive read-out of the photoinduced refractive grating inside the crystal made by two-wave coupling


The invention discloses an apparatus for setting a network of decentralized profibus peripheral devices. The apparatus includes a master device, a plurality of slave devices performing a communication through Profibus and a configuration tool providing network configuration information of Profibus DP by generating the network configuration information, wherein the configuration tool includes an automatic configuration module configured to request the master device of information relative to the plurality of slave devices in response to an automatic configuration command inputted through a user communication module, to receive the information and provide profiles of relevant types by determining the types of the plurality of slave devices using the received information, and a network configuration information configured to generate the network configuration information in response to the types and profiles determined by the automatic configuration module and to provide the network configuration information to the master device.


In order to solve a problem of experience feeling in traditional electrical safety training, the Risk Experience System for electricity is designed based on ARM and ZigBee, this system puts emphasis on negative stimulation and reverse experiential training, and transmits the signal of switch, sensors and the state changes of security devices to ARM control board. It is sample information of electrical equipment and information of the insulated gloves and electric test pen with ZigBee by the way of wireless transmission, and then, this system analyses these information and outputs risk phenomena by physical simulation. If operational errors, the system will trigger a variety of simulated accident devices, resulting in highlight flash, smoke, explosion, and a strong electric shock feeling. By this way, the operator can understand the serious consequence that is caused by wrong operation more intuitively, and enhance the effect of training. It has been proved that the system can complete the function of risking experience successfully.


Task-Based learning is a good solution for the students,which can improve students'language learning abilities and comprehensive qualities.Students can complete a series of tasks under the director of the teacher.


The physics of X‐ray cavities in galaxy clusters can be constrained by their observed morphological evolution, which is dependent on such poorly‐understood properties as the turbulent density field and magnetic fields. Here we combine numerical simulations that include subgrid turbulence and software that produces synthetic X‐ray observations to examine the evolution of X‐ray cavities in the the absence of magnetic fields. Our results reveal an anisotropic size evolution that is very different from simplified, analytical predictions. These differences highlight some of the key issues that must be accurately quantified when studying AGN‐driven cavities, and help to explain why the inferred pV energy in these regions appears to be correlated with their distance from the cluster center. Interpreting X‐ray observations will require detailed modeling of effects including mass‐entrainment, distortion by drag forces, and projection. Current limitations do not allow a discrimination between purely hydrodynamic an...


If ever there was a challenging time for our generation, 2020–2021, with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the real deal. Most people in the world, in some way or other, have been affected by this pandemic. Only the future will tell how severe and far-reaching the after-effects of this pandemic will be. Many people say that this pandemic has changed our world so profoundly that nothing will ever be the same again. It is not possible, at this stage, to determine the real impact of COVID-19 on countries, work environments, economies and our social lives; however, we are already experiencing some of in various aspects of our lives. These aspects are the more obvious indicators that confirm the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is, however, the more hidden aspects, namely the social and psychological effects that will only show as time passes, which may require intervention in the long term.


The authors analyse the requirements for teacher practice in the multicultural environment of open education. The work functions structure is considered as an instrument of practice-oriented activities of the teacher


Dr. Michael Scherer is a prosthodontist in Sonora, California, located ten miles from the heart of the Stanislaus National Forest and 100 miles southeast of Sacramento, the nearest city. A long-time advocate of technologies that help him enhance patient care, Dr. Scherer transitioned to intraoral 3D scanning several years ago to spare his patients the uncomfortable and messy experience of taking composite impressions. Eager to extend the value of these digital scans, he began experimenting with 3D printing. He ordered two 3D Systems' NextDentTM 5100 3D printers for his offi ce shortly after its launch and says they provide him with an all-in-one solution for producing actual 3D printed dental restorations at an effi cient time point.


The purpose of this study was to identify the physical characteristics of early adolescent girls by age. A total of 529 girls aged between 10 and 14 were measured and data were collected from 42 anthropometric and 41 photographic measurements per a person. SAS 8.1 was used in data analysis including means, standard deviations, t-test, Duncan test and frequency analysis. The results of this study are as follows. Most items related to height and length increased significantly at the age of and the growth slowed down at the age of . As for items related to circumference, the growth rate was high at the age of , and gradually slowed down afterward. Out of circumference items, hip circumference showed the highest growth rate. As for items related to thickness and width, thickness-related items grew quickly at the age of , and among which bust thickness showed the highest growth rate. As for drop, the difference between hip circumference and waist circumference was most remarkable, but the difference between hip circumference and bust circumference was not large. The largest number of subjects had their menarche during the age of and, after menarche, their horizontal growth became active.


The curious letter delivered to Pope Alexander III, probably early in 1176, in which King William I of Scotland appears to acknowledge the subjection of his country's Church to the metropolitan authority of York, has been judged spurious, most recently by the editors of the Regesta regum Scotorum (RRS).1 The text of this document survives in a dual transmission. It is in the Red Book of the Exchequer (London, Public Record Office, E 164/2, fo 176; not seen);2 and it also exists in a letter from Pope Alexander III addressed to Archbishop Roger, and the dean and chapter at York, dated May 13 1176 (JL 12704).3 The authenticity of the latter document has been questioned, given the inclusion there of the pseudo-royal composition.4 That issue cannot be settled decisively; but a close examination of the Alexandrine text, and its transmission in Britain, yields a perspective tending to confirm the genuine character of this papal letter.


The concept of Cpk has been a long accepted method for indicating manufacturing process capability and making critical judgments about expected performance. Within this paper Cpk's are calculated for a set of test masks generated by divergent photomask lithography tools. The MSTM (Manufacturing Simulation Test Mask) uses different address sizes (1.0, 0.5, 0.25, and 0.1 micrometers ) allowing all address structures to be tested on the same mask. A Leica LMS- 2000 was used for the registration measurements. Through critical observation of the data sets' mean and range variance, an insight about contributing error sources is gained and a common ground for unbiased comparison is found.


Som e fact s which scientific inquiry will determine will be unp alatable. To my mind there is not a reason to avoid determining their possible nature. It may be that people who display antisocial beha viour do . in fact , differ from other persons in society in either certain physical. genetic or psychological attributes. It may also be that they do not. Mankind could do more to alleviate the problems caused by antisocial behaviour if it knew more of its causes. If one were to postulate that antisocial behaviour may in part be due to differences of this type , then , however unpalatable this fact might be to people of Marie Heaney's wa y of thought, the only poss ibility of improving social injustice would be to take cognizance of this fact. Equally, if it were proven beyond doubt that these differences did not have such a bas is, then no credence could be given to those who continued to claim that th is disproven fact was so. We should never let our emotions cloud our judgement, and this is nowhere better shown than in this letter from Marie Heaney. I would refer her to the controversy that surrounded the publication of the suggestion by Professors Bodmer and CavalliSforza J who recommended that no good purpose could be served by searching for a genetic basis for differen ces in human intell igence. and who were soundly taken to task in an editorial of Nature. 2 The same intellectual intol erance has shown itself in a very dangerous form when rai sed recently by Lewontin in his personal attack on E. O. Wilson for publ ishing his book , Sociobiology . The reverberations of this attempt at intellectual totalitarianism ar e still being felt. I would advise Marie Heaney to think well for the consequences of her attitude. The progress of science must be concerned with facts . The application of those facts should be only to benefit the human race . To prevent scientific inquiry even with the most altru istic of motives leads to the extinction of free intellectual endeavour, and history is full of examples of the stupendous human misery that has been cau sed by such action in the past. DA VIO C. WALLACE. 41 Gordon Avenue. Ham ilton. N.S.W . 2303.


We exploit a change in eligibility rules for the Canadian Scientific Research and Experimental Development (SRED) tax credit to gain insight on how tax credits impact small-firm R&D expenditures. After a 2004 program change, privately owned firms that became eligible for a 35 percent tax credit (up from a 20 percent rate) on a greater amount of qualifying R&D expenditures increased their R&D spending by an average of 15 percent. Using policy-induced variation in tax rates and R&D tax credits, we estimate the after-tax cost elasticity of R&D to be roughly -1.5. We also show that the response to changes in the after-tax cost of R&D is larger for contract R&D expenditures than for the R&D wage bill and is larger for firms that (a) perform contract R&D services or (b) recently made R&D-related capital investments. We interpret this heterogeneity as evidence that small firms face fixed adjustment costs that lower their responsiveness to a change in the after-tax cost of R&D.

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Panel data are repeated observations on the same cross section unit, typically of individuals or firms (in microeconomic applications), observed for several time periods. The use of panel data has been increasingly popular in empirical macroeconomic and (especially) microeconomic studies and there are several reasons behind the success story. This thesis analyses the properties of the estimation techniques for panel data models with additive and multiplicative error structures. First, this thesis discusses the relative merits of the maximum likelihood estimators in dynamic panel data models. Second, it provides an in-depth analysis of genuine and pseudo panel data models with unobserved interactive effects.


Warfarin is a commonly used anticoagulant with a narrow therapeutic range and risk of hemorrhagic complications. After CYP2C9 and VKORC1, CYP4F2 was confirmed as the third principle genetic determinant of warfarin dose variability. CYP4F2 functions as a vitamin K1 (VK1) oxidase, a counterpart to vitamin K oxidize reductase (encoded by VKORC1) in limiting excessive accumulation of VK1 in vitamin K cycle. Genotypes of CYP2C9 and VKORC1 are associate with increased risk of over anticoagulation or bleeding events during warfarin therapy. However, little is known about the influence of CYP4F2. Herein we present the association of CYP4F2 polymorphism and risk of major hemorrhage in Chinese patients on warfarin. HapMap Data (Phase III/Rel#2, Feb09, on NCBI B36 assembly, dbSNP b126) covering 50 kb length centered on CYP4F2 for Chinese was downloaded (http://hapmap.ncbi. nlm.nih.gov/). Haplotype blocks were constructed using Haploview version 4.2 software. The tag SNPs were selected with an LOD score cutoff of 3.0 and r threshold of 0.80. We genotyped eight tag SNPs (rs7251296, rs4808394, rs12610962, rs3093168, rs2074901, rs2018454, rs1558139 and rs3093200) in CYP4F2 using the multiplexed PCR-based SNaPshot system (Applied Biosystems) in 312 Han Chinese patients on warfarin. Three genetic determinants of warfarin dose, CYP2C9*3, VKORC1 -1639 G>A, and CYP4F2 V433M were also genotyped. Among the genotyped 312 patients (mean age, 56.6 ± 16.0 years; 50.6% men) on warfarin with


The resistance distance between any two vertices of a connected graph <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$G$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is defined as the net effective resistance between them in the electrical network constructed from <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$G$ </tex-math></inline-formula> by replacing each edge with a unit resistor. The Kirchhoff index of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$G$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is defined as the sum of resistance distances between all pairs of vertices. In this paper, two unary graph operations on <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$G$ </tex-math></inline-formula> are taken into consideration, with the resulted graphs being denoted by <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$RT(G)$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$H(G)$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. Using electrical network approach and combinatorial approach, we derive explicit formulae for resistance distances and Kirchhoff indices of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$RT(G)$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$H(G)$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. It turns out that resistance distances and Kirchhoff indices of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$RT(G)$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$H(G)$ </tex-math></inline-formula> could be expressed in terms of resistance distances and graph invariants of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$G$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. Our result generalizes the previously known result on the Kirchhoff index of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$RT(G)$ </tex-math></inline-formula> for a regular graph <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$G$ </tex-math></inline-formula> to the Kirchhoff index of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$RT(G)$ </tex-math></inline-formula> for an arbitrary graph <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$G$ </tex-math></inline-formula>.


A green electrochemical exfoliation route to produce graphene from graphite electrode has been provided. Saccharin which is a non-toxic and biocompatible artificial sweetener was used as an intercalating agent in aqueous media. Graphene samples were produced using five different exfoliation potentials. Microscopic and spectroscopic analysis confirmed the presence of few layer graphene sheets in as-exfoliated product. Important observations made were: (a) graphene layers from nano-to-micro meter sizes were produced; (b) number of graphene layers decreased with increase in the intercalation potential, (c) yield of graphene increased with increase in the exfoliation potential and (d) defect density in the exfoliated graphene layer was sensitive to the exfoliation potential in a way that with increase in the exfoliation potential the defect density initially increased and then eventually decreased.


Sacks and Doyle correctly point out that the physics of the world is a complex beast and the problem of modeling the behavior of physical systems had been studied for many years before the advent of qualitative physics. Some of the earlier work on qualitative physics might be compared to the blind men's encounter with an elephant. Part of the elephant might seem very much like tree, and one can make some predictions about its behavior based on the simplifying assumption that it is the trunk of a tree, but eventually this model will have catastrophic failures-the blind man would be trampled by the first tree that could move. There seem to be two components to the problem here: (1) the modeling process, where the elephant is represented as four trees, and (2) the simulation process, where predications are made about the possible actions of the four trees. Notice that the second component is not flawed in this example. Much of qualitative physics focuses on the second problem, while I feel that the two components are not separable. A goal of qualitative simulation is the accurate prediction of the behavior of a physical system, and thus it is important that the model system actually behave like the physical system. Fundamentally, these types of problems arise because qualitative physics focuses on relatively simple and crude models of physical systems, in such a way that the models' precision is difficult to quantify, and for which the powerful techniques of mathematics are of little value. Sacks and Doyle suggest that if only more reliance on earlier mathematical work had been used these pitfalls would have been avoided. This, I believe, is only part of the problem. I see four fundamental flaws in qualitative physics some of which Sacks and Doyle touch on, others of which they miss. These are:


Author(s): Chiang, Michael Ming-Ying | Advisor(s): Hu, Shen; Zhang, Xinli | Abstract: Vertebral Implantation of NELL-1 Enhances Bone Formation In Osteoporotic SheepByMichael Ming-Ying ChiangMaster of Science in Oral BiologyUniversity of California, Los Angeles, 2013Professor Shen Hu, Co-ChairProfessor Xinli Zhang, Co-ChairBackground: Vertebral compression fractures related to osteoporosis greatly afflict the aging population. The most commonly used therapy today is balloon kyphoplasty, a procedure that involves the inflation of a balloon and injection of cement such as polymethyl methacrylate. However, this treatment is far from ideal as it is associated with significant side effects, including local toxicity and rare systemic complications. NELL-1, a secreted osteoinductive factor that possesses both pro-osteogenic and anti-resorptive properties, is a promising candidate for an alternative to current treatment modalities. The use of NELL-1 in balloon kyphoplasty might improve post surgical outcome for over 10 million osteoporotic American who are susceptible to vertebral compression fractures. The present study utilizes the pro-osteogenic properties of recombinant human NELL-1 (rhNELL-1) in lumbar spine balloon kyphoplasty using an osteoporotic sheep model. Methods: Osteoporosis in N=8 sheep was induced through ovariectomy, dietary depletion of calcium and vitamin D, and steroid administration. After osteoporotic induction was confirmed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), balloon kyphoplasty was performed in N=6 sheep with significant osteopenia. Sheep were randomly implanted with the control vehicle, comprised of hyaluronic acid (HA), hydroxyapatite, and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), or the treatment material of rhNELL-1 protein lyophilized onto β-TCP mixed with HA. Analysis of lumbar spine healing was performed by radiographic, histologic, and biomechanical testing. Results: rhNELL-1 treatment significantly increased lumbar spine bone formation, as determined by bone mineral density, fractional bone volume, and mean cortical width by micro-computed tomography. Histological analysis revealed a significant increase in bone area as well as osteoblast number and decrease in osteoclast number around the implant site. Biomechanical properties of trabecular bone were analyzed using Finite Element Analysis (FEA), demonstrating that rhNELL-1-treatment resulted in a significantly more stress-resistant composition. Conclusion: Our findings suggest rhNELL-1-based balloon kyphoplasty successfully improved cortical and cancellous bone regeneration in the lumbar spine of osteoporotic sheep. Thus, rhNELL-1 based balloon kyphoplasty represents a potential new anabolic, anti-resorptive local therapy for treating osteoporotic bone loss and/or fractures.


PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to examine the correlation between academic burnout and academic self-efficacy in medical students.

METHODS
The study group comprised 446 students in years 1 to 4 of medical school. They were asked to rate their academic burnout and academic self-efficacy on a scale. The data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance and regression analysis.

RESULTS
Academic self-efficacy was correlated negatively with academic burnout explaining 37% of academic burnout.

CONCLUSION
Academic self-efficacy (especially self-confidence) had the greatest effect on academic burnout. The implications of these results are discussed in terms of an evaluation and support system for students.


The study demonstrates the possibility of predicting the energy spectrum of a wide-aperture (750 × 150 mm) electron beam outputted into ambient air through a thin metal foil on an electron accelerator with a grid plasma cathode. This type of accelerators features a weak mutual dependence of the electron beam parameters (electron energy, beam current, pulse duration, repetition frequency), and the beam spectrum can be reconstructed using experimental attenuation curves of the beam current through thin metal foils and the Tikhonov regularization with minimum a priory assumptions. Such spectra reconstructed for different accelerating voltages (110–160 keV)are presented, and research data are reported suggesting that the beam energy spectrum depends only slightly on the operating gas pressure and that it broadens mostly due to scattering of the beam in the output foil and in ambient air. Decreasing the accelerating voltage during a beam current pulse provides predictable broadening of the beam energy spectrum with a shift of its peak toward the lower energy, and this can be valuable for efficient use of such accelerators both in science and technology.


Abstract The present study sought to identify some of the mechanisms that make safer sex such a difficult topic to talk about. Fifty six dating couples participated in a laboratory study in which the opposite-sex members of two pairs of couples engaged in two discussions of safer sex (or a control topic), each time with a different opposite-sex partner (their own dating partner or an opposite-sex stranger). The results indicated that discussions of safer sex evoke in dating partners a high level of perceived goal-incompatibility, difficulty maintaining one's focus on the topic, and difficulty in reading the other partner's thoughts and feelings. These reactions did not occur in response to the control topic. This initial demonstration study is important with respect to the processes it implicates, but further clarification is needed regarding the specific real-life conditions in which these processes do, and do not, occur.


A computer program has been developed to synthesise voltage waveforms with predetermined contents of harmonics up to the twentieth order. Currents of fundamental frequency having various proportions of a single harmonic were then derived using D/A card and an amplifier connecting to a residual-current circuit breaker (RCCB) and load. It was discovered that there was a critical proportion corresponding to each harmonic frequency at which the circuit breaker will be most susceptible to tripping. The harmonics synthesiser was also programmed to generate waveforms representing those resulting from nonlinear circuits and loads. These distorted waveforms were applied to an RCCB to study the changes in its tripping current. Finally, filter circuits were designed for connection across the tripping coil to maintain the consistency of the RCCB tripping characteristics when subjected to distorted current waveforms and voltage spikes.


A small ion source (∼2 cm2) of the self‐surface negative ionization (SSNI) type was developed to generate H− from a powdery sample (∼10 mg) deposited on a molybdenum ribbon (∼0.1 cm2). For example, CaH2 heated up to ∼900 K emitted ∼0.1 nA of H− together with ∼1 mA of thermal electrons. The work function of CaH2 was ∼6 to 5 eV, depending upon the history of its thermal processing. The introduction of H2 up to ∼10−4 Torr did not increase H−, indicating that the efficiency of producing H− by electron impact of H2 is much poorer than that by SSNI of CaH2. Emission of H− was also observed with LiH but not with NaH and ZrH2.


The objective of this research was to explore the changes of the pore structure and surface properties of nitric-modified lignite and base the adsorption performance on physical and chemical adsorbent characteristics. To systematically evaluate pore structure and surface chemistry effects, several lignite samples were treated with different concentrations of nitric acid in order to get different pore structure and surface chemistry adsorbent levels. A common heavy metal ion contaminant in water, Pb2+, served as an adsorbate probe to demonstrate the change of modified lignite adsorption properties. The pore structure and surface properties of lignite samples before and after modification were characterized by static nitrogen adsorption, X-ray diffraction, Scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, zeta potential, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The experimental results showed that nitric acid modification can increase the ability of lignite to adsorb Pb2+. The adsorption amount of Pb2+ increased from 14.45 mg·g−1 to 30.68 mg·g−1. Nitric acid reacted with inorganic mineral impurities such as iron dolomite in lignite and organic components in coal, which caused an increase in pore size and a decrease in specific surface areas. A hydrophilic adsorbent surface more effectively removed Pb2+ from aqueous solution. Nitric acid treatment increased the content of polar oxygen-containing functional groups such as hydroxyl, carbonyl, and carboxyl groups on the surface of lignite. Treatment introduced nitro groups, which enhanced the negative electrical properties, the polarity of the lignite surface, and its metal ion adsorption performance, a result that can be explained by enhanced water adsorption on hydrophilic surfaces.


Current social media platforms suffer from the fact that ownership of personal data is transferred to the owner of the network the moment you post it. This paper demonstrates that it is possible to create and maintain a social network using Hyperledger Fabric, where personal data is protected from users that should not have it, and all operations on data is recorded in the ledger, so you can audit how your data has been used by others, even the owner of the social network.


Ester, amide, and directly linked composites of squalene and cationic diaza [4]helicenes 1 are readily prepared. These lipid‐dye constructs 2, 3, and 4 give in aqueous media monodispersed spherical nanoassemblies around 100–130 nm in diameter with excellent stability for several months. Racemic and enantiopure nanoassemblies of compound 2 are fully characterized, including by transmission electron microscope and cryogenic transmission electron microscope imaging that did not reveal higher order supramolecular structures. Investigations of their (chir)optical properties show red absorption maxima ≈600 nm and red fluorescence spanning up to the near‐infrared region, with average Stokes shifts of 1350–1550 cm−1. Live‐cell imaging by confocal microscopy reveals rapid internalization on the minute time scale and organelle‐specific accumulation. Colocalization with MitoTracker in several cancer cell lines demonstrates a specific staining of mitochondria by the [4]helicene–squalene nanoassemblies. To our knowledge, it is the first report of a subcellular targeting by squalene‐based nanoassemblies.


Aiming at the problem of camera calibration with multiple parameters, this paper proposes the fusion optimization algorithm of improved differential evolution and particle swarm in the calibration of the camera. Adaptive judgment factors is Introduced to control the improvement of differential evolution during each iteration (IDE) algorithm and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm solve the multiple parameters of traditional camera calibration algorithm. The proposed algorithm can ensure the diversity and effectiveness of individual evolution of the population. Experimental results show that the algorithm has excellent global search capabilities and local optimizations ability. It can accurately calibrate the camera. The convergence precision, speed and robustness performance significantly is superior to PSO (Particle swarm optimization algorithm), DE (differential evolution algorithm), GA (Genetic algorithm) and Zhang's method. It improves the precision and speed of the proposed calibration method. The root mean square error of the calibration algorithm proposed in this paper is only 0.182, the calibration error result is smaller than other several algorithms. The reprojection error of our method is 0.05938 (Ex/pixel) and 0.02988 (Ey/pixel). It is smaller than GA, PSO, DE, and Zhang's method. So, the algorithm performance is excellent.


Abstract : The sequential gradient-restoration algorithm and the modified quasilinearization algorithm were developed for optimal control problems with bounded state. These algorithms have a basic property: for a subarc lying on the state boundary, the state boundary equations are satisfied at every iteration, if they are satisfied at the beginning of the computational process. Thus, the subarc remains anchored on the state boundary. In the paper, the anchoring conditions are derived. (Author)


The possibility of introducing systematic errors in (p,n) threshold determinations due to the neutron detector geometry is demonstrated by measurements and calculations.


Free radicals have important roles in pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. It has been well documented that there is a link between oxidative stress and secondary complications of diabetes. In the present study we determined and evaluated changes in levels of selenium, malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant vitamins (A, E, C) in serum of patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus. Total of 200 diabetic patients (90 male, 110 female) with mean age of 54.8±11.4 years were recruited into the study. Control group was composed of 100 healthy volunteers (47 male, 53 female) with mean age of 46.4±12.3 years. In addition to aforementioned parameters, levels of fasting blood glucose, percentage HbA1C levels were determined in diabetic patients and controls. There was a significant increase in MDA level which is used as an indicator of metabolic stress. On the other hand, antioxidant vitamin (A, E, C) and selenium levels were reduced meaningfully. Reductions in Se levels were probable due to antioxidant effect of this trace element. In conclusion supplementation of antioxidant vitamins into the daily diets of diabetic patients will enhance power of non-enzymatic antioxidant defense systems.


Volatilization represents an important transport process of pesticides for the environment. The clomazone physico-chemical properties indicate that molecule has the potential of volatilization. Therefore, for this study two experiments were carried with the objective of evaluating the species susceptibility: cucumber, melon, corn, sorghum and rice to different formulations of the herbicide clomazone in the vapor-phase. Glass boxes were used with the presence of clomazone formulations and plant species. The formulations used were Gamit 360 CS®, Gamit 500 EC® and Gamit Star®. As a main result it was conclude that among the species that were tested, independent of the formulation used, the lowest tolerance to clomazone herbicide in the vapor phase was sorghum, followed by corn and rice.


While the problem of learning logic programs has been extensively studied in ILP, the problem of learning in description logics (DLs) has been studied to a lesser extent. Learning in DLs is however worthwhile , since both Horn logic and description logics are widely used knowledge representation formalisms, their expressive powers being incompa-rable (neither includes the other as a fragment). Unlike most approaches to learning in description logics, which provide bottom-up (and typically overly speciic) least generalizations of the examples, this paper addresses learning in DLs using downward (and upward) reenement operators. Technically, we construct a complete and proper reenement operator for the ALER description logic (to avoid overrtting, we disallow disjunctions from the target DL). Although no minimal reenement operators exist for ALER, we show that we can achieve minimality of all reenement steps, except the ones that introduce the ? concept. We additionally prove that complete reenement operators for ALER cannot be locally nite and suggest how this problem can be overcome by an MDL search heuristic. We also discuss the innuence of the Open World Assumption (typically made in DLs) on example coverage.


Objective To investigate the relationship between serum cholinesterase levels and cerebral infarction in patients with acute cerebral infarction.Methods Patients with acute cerebral infarction were divided into non-large size cerebral infarction group and large size cerebral infarction group.The levels of blood lipid,blood glucose,serum cholinesterase activity were detected in cerebral infarction group and control group.Results The serum cholinesterase activity was higher in non-large area cerebral infarction group than that in control group,the serum cholinesterase activity was lower in large area infarction group than that in control group (P < 0.01),multiple linear regression analysis showed that blood glucose,triglyceride,total cholesterol were positively correlated with the level of serum CHE (P <0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that,the serum level of CHE was closely correlated with cerebral infarction(P <0.01).Conclusions Serum cholinesterase level is closely related to the occurrence of cerebral infarction and the severity of the disease.

Key words:
Cholinesterase;  Cerebral infarction;  Blood lipid;  Blood glucose


Using software technology,virtual equipments can be built with consistent physical property,which greatly facilitate the repetition of experiments under the same environmental parameters;through real time recording of various data from experiments,it will not only make the grading for students more objective and scientific,but also ease the statistical analysis on experiment data;via experiment simulation,students will enjoy convenient operations,direct yet vivid experimental results,while teachers can also have easier check on experiment situations.


A detailed analysis is given of a flow-compensated, two-stage, four-way, closed-ports electrohydraulic flow-control valve. Factors considered in the analysis of the first stage include: the electromagnetic forces generated by the torque motor, impedance of the motor coil, inertia of the flapper, viscous damping forces, spring forces, pressure feedback forces, and leakage flow. Factors considered in the analysis of the second stage include the acceleration force on the spool, viscous friction forces, restraining spring forces, flow reaction forces, leakage flow, and the compressibility of the oil.Experimental verification of the analytical work is included.


Two field experiments were executed at the farm of Gemmeiza Agric. Res. Stn. during 2001and 200 seasons, to find out the extent to which alternate-furrow irrigation technique, affected water and N-utilization for maize crop. Data revealed significant reductions in applied water, due to conveying the water through alternate- furrow irrigation at, 7 or 14 days interval. Increasing N-rate resulted in increased applied water values, under the adopted irrigation techniques , a similar trend was observed regardless irrigation techniques as well. Alternate-furrow irrigation , at 14 days interval, seems to decrease the grain yield insignificantly, whereas, under alternate –furrow at 7 days interval, the figure was increased by 14,5%, as compared with every-furrow irrigation. Increasing N-rate gradually increased grain yield value, and this was true under the adopted irrigation techniques , regardless the irrigation effect too. Water Use Efficiency(WUE) values were improved under alternate-furrow irrigation, either 7 or 14 days interval, comparable to every-furrow irrigation. Increasing N-rate resulted in increased WUE values, either regarding or regardless irrigation techniques. Nitrogen Use Efficiency(NUE) seems to decrease with alternate-furrow irrigation at 14 days interval, while the corresponding value with alternate-furrow irrigation at 7 days interval was increased, compared with every-furrow irrigation. Moreover, NUE was decreased as N-rate increased, this was true under the adopted irrigation techniques ,also regardless them. Total grain-N%, grain N-uptake, grain N-recovery % and residual soil inorganic-N values, seemed to decrease under alternate-furrow irrigation at 14 days interval, compared to both alternate-furrow with 7 days interval, and every-furrow irrigation techniques. This may be due to less N- availability under the more drier conditions prevailing under such irrigation technique.


This article draws attention to 'everyday articulations of prostitution': the diverse, performative ways that people reproduce and rework meanings of 'prostitution' as they mobilize the term in their day-to-day lives. The article offers an ethnographic illustration of this process by exploring why and to what ends a group of Filipina wives of rural Japanese men referred to the behavior of another Filipina woman in their community as 'prostitution.' It demonstrates that when mobilizing this term, these Filipina women were not categorizing sexual–economic relationships (like 'prostitution') in terms of payment systems, as other scholars have assumed. Rather, geographical and cultural factors, such as the stigma associated with these women's migration histories and their long-term residence as wives and mothers in the small rural communities where they had worked in bars, led Filipina women in Central Kiso to describe such relationships according to the sentiments motivating them, the ways one utilized gifts or money from a sexual partner, and whether or not one demonstrated appreciation of this financial support. The article maintains that attention to everyday articulations of prostitution such as these expands our understandings of the situated meanings people can invest in this term. It illustrates how culture and geography shape the ways discourses of prostitution are mobilized to stigmatize some intimate-economic behaviors and, thereby, legitimize others.


We must attach great importance to fostering students' harmonious personality in the course of building socialist harmonious society,because students shoulder important and glorious tasks.This paper begins its discussions about the connotation of the students' harmonious personality, explains the important functions of moral education to this effect,and explores the ways and methods to attain the above-mentioned goals.


An analytic approach is presented of electronic one-particle spectra of the one-band Hubbard model at half filling in the antiferromagnetic phase. Starting from the strong-coupling regime U{gt}t, a projection technique is used to set up self-consistent coupled equations for the electron Green function, which are valid down to values U{approx}t. The self-consistent equation for the hole propagator is a direct generalization of the one found from the t-J model. This gives further support to the {open_quotes}string{close_quotes} picture, where propagation of holes creates strings of overturned spins with which the holes interact. Hopping of holes (or electrons) with up spin on the down sublattice is also taken into acount, as well as transitions between the lower and upper Hubbard bands. These are shown to change significantly the incoherent part of the t-J model spectra, by smearing out the shake-off peaks, reminiscent of higher bound string states due to multispin scattering. Coherent (quasiparticle) peaks exist at the band edges, on both sides of the insulating gap. With decreasing U the quasiparticle concept loses its meaning for wave vectors at the center of the magnetic Brillouin zone (MBZ). For large values of U the dispersion of the quasiparticle is found to scale withmore » its band width, which is of order J. Extrema are always found at {bold k}=({pi}/2,{pi}/2). The weight of the quasiparticle at this {bold k} value decreases logarithmically with increasing U. In the strong-coupling limit the spectrum tends to be symmetric, i.e., to become an even function of the frequency around the chemical potential, for {ital any wave vector}. For small values of U the dispersion {ital at the edge} of the MBZ flattens away. The spectral function in this regime, for wave vectors away from the edge of the MBZ, is concentrated mainly on one side of the chemical potential. {copyright} {ital 1996} {ital The American Physical Society}« less


The present invention relates to a method of optimizing a query to the database structure. In this case, it receives database information for a particular data source, based on the received data source information for generating a search database structure for this data source. Further receives a query request for data sources, analyzing the search database structure by counting the number of hits for each section of the query request. And calculating an optimized query request based on the performed analysis.


Generalized Laguerre polynomials, Ln(α), verify the well-known Rodrigues' formula. Using Weyl and Riemann–Liouville fractional calculi, we present several fractional generalizations of Rodrigues' formula for generalized Laguerre functions and polynomials. As a consequence, we give a new addition formula and an integral representation for these polynomials. Finally, we introduce a new family of fractional Lebesgue spaces and show that some of these special functions belong to them.


A three-phase modular cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter can be applied to grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems. The isolated dc buses make the individual maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control of the connected PV string of each H-bridge module possible. However, with the individual MPPT control, the solar power supplied to each phase of the three-phase system may be different, leading to unbalanced injected grid current. To solve this issue, a control scheme is proposed to improve the PV system efficiency and balance the grid current. The limitation of the proposed control scheme is also discussed. A modular cascaded multilevel PV inverter prototype has been built. Experimental results under different test conditions are presented to validate the proposed ideas.


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Enteropathy-associated T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (EATL) is a rare subtype of lymphoma, with aggressive course, unfavorable prognosis from resistance to chemotherapy and perforating. EATL type II is frequently found in Asia. We report the case that present with gastric perforation. Gastric involvement is rare. No first line standard treatment in this lymphoma is the cause of very rare subtype. The patient had good response after receiving chemotherapy but he died from septicemia. J Hematol. 2015;4(1):144-147 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.14740/jh186w


In an attempt to determine the influence of topical nitrogen mustard therapy upon epidermal Langerhans cells (LC), the quantitative, morphological and ultrastructural enzyme cytochemical studies on normal and nitrogen mustard treated guinea pig epidermal cells were performed respectively, by a new modified technique of ATPase LC staining for light and electron microscopy. With the computerized image analysis system we also made a quantitative morphological analysis on both normal and the treated epidermal cells. It was found that the cells after therapy showed a reversible decrease in number, vacuolation on cytoplasm and swelling of mitochondria. Some damaged LC were closely contacted with ATPase positive lymphocytes which was active in function. Thus it provides an experimental evidence that there are some correlations in function between topical nitrogen mustard application, epidermal LC and lymphocytes.

Key words:
Epidermis; Mechlorethamine; Guinea Pigs


Sulfapyridine, sulfathiazole, sulfamethylthiazole, and to a lesser degree, sulfanilamide, sulfadiazine, and sodium paranitrobenzoate had a growth-retarding action on one strain of Streptococcus viridans; a second strain was resistant to all these compounds. Sodium para-aminobenzoate interfered with their growth-retarding action.

Filtrates of cultures of both strains of streptococcus grown in broth alone and in broth to which sodium paranitrobenzoate had been added contained a substance, presumably a primary aromatic amine, that gave a color on diazotization and coupling with dimethyl-alpha-naphthylamine. The filtrates of plain broth cultures did not affect the growth-retarding action of sulfathiazole on the susceptible strain, but filtrates of either strain grown in broth containing sodium paranitrobenzoate interfered with the bacteriostatic action of sulfathiazole.