I'm a cargo cult programmer, help me - <AUTHOR> Hello HN I come to you for help.
I went to college and got an Information systems degree, it was a crappy college so the most programming we had was dabbling with arrays and pointers in C, not much Algorithsms & Data Structures, no unix, no Operating Systems and no compilers, and most importantly no problem solving. Half way through college my father died so I had to find a job to make ends meet,  somehow i got sucked  into the java "enterprise" world where I've been for the past 5 years, glueing API's and frameworks together, with some Javascript and SQL on the side, however on the verge of my 30's, I now have found that I lack the fundamentals of Computer Science,  the things every programmer should know: Algo's, Data Structures, Operating Systems an understanding of compilers and being profficient with linux. Eventually I plan on going back to a real University and getting a CS degree, but I'm unable to do so at the moment, this is why I have come to ask for help.
OTOH I have given thought about if programming is really for me, I have found that I'm really, really bad at problem solving and "thinking outside of the box" I have come to accept that I'm really not smart. I'm slow, forgetfull, concepts never seem to stick, I have to force myself to not take things for granted, it seems no matter how hard i try I can't look at problems from different perspectives and understand the  implications of a particular solution, I'm starting to think I may have a learning dissability, or that is because I lack the basic toolkit for problem solving, but I really think I'm just not very smart.
Of course the realization of my lack of skills, as you may have guessed, is because I want a better job, and there seems to be no place in the world for dumb programmers, and to be honest this is something I understand given my limitations and looking at my other peers, seeing how long it takes for me when programming something or understanding a problem, seeing how fast other people can grasp concepts that I struggle with, I understand that I'm just not valuable that all my experience means nothing, So I'm back to 0.
I have started going through the basic Algo's and Data structures again with a basic Java book about algorithms (I tried cormen but no way I could wrap my head around that stuff, I forgot all the calculus/math from college and i just lack the mathematical maturity for that book).
I'm also trying to study discrete maths, Operating Systems and compilers, of course one step at a time. I imagine this will take me years just to get a basic understanding of all these concepts.
And finally trying to memorise all those linux commands I ALWAYS forget.
Lastly I'm trying to learn technologies and languages that will help me get a better job, I'm still not decided whether I should learn Ruby on rails or python or Lisp or just stick to Java and learn Android and do my own thing  and forget about joining a "cool" startup or working at the big guys like google(10 years from now after I become a real programmer of course...) Or quitting programming altogether.
Hackers, I understand this is a long and boring post, filled with grammar & spelling errors (English is not my primary language), but I only ask of you to guide me whether I should continue this path in which I have invested all my adult life on or just start again from zero, I just don't want to be a cargo cult programmer anymore.
Thank you <comment><USER2> I've gotten some flak for saying this other places, but the _most_ helpful thing that I've ever done to learn linux was installing gentoo. Especially doing it without the official install CD (by using something like knoppix).

Start here: [http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/handbook/handbook-x86.xml?part=...](http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/handbook/handbook-x86.xml?part=1)

The thing that is different about installing gentoo vs centos or ubuntu is that instead of something that looks like this:

         Would you like to format the disk (click yes or no)?

You get a walkthrough of what fdisk is, then how to use it, then you use it to partition your disks. Instead of selecting a filesystem from a dropdown, you make one with mke2fs.

I don't recall if Ubuntu even tells you what lilo or grub is.

The reason I like this is that it forces you to understand what is going on. What is the /boot partition? Why is that important?

Installing gentoo is going to force you to use tar, and wget. It's going to force you to get comfortable on the command line.

It's also going to force you to understand what a kernel module is. It's going to force you to understand things like: what chipset does my wireless card use?

It's hard. And it takes forever. And it probably won't work the first time.

To me, it's kindof a rite of passage, like telling a carpenter that he has to build his workbench before he is allowed to start working on anything else. The workbench he makes might suck...hopefully this causes him to want to keep building new workbenches until he has one that is perfect.

<comment><AUTHOR> Thanks for this.

I'm currently using Ubuntu as my primary OS at home but I will give Gentoo a shot.

<comment><USER3> You might also consider trying out Arch Linux. (www.archlinux.org)

I moved to Arch after a few years with Ubuntu and I love it. It's a little higher-level than Gentoo in that you don't have to make your own file system or compile your own kernel, but it _is_ an educational experience in that you have to install anything you'd like to use. When the 15 minute install is complete, all you have is a bash prompt. Getting a GUI, the ability to print, wireless, etc is all up to you.

They give you a great package manager and they maintain an excellent Wiki that can walk you through almost any task. Arch taught me loads about configuration.

Then again, I did Gentoo back in the day too. It might take 4 days to complete the installation, but you sure will learn some things! :D

<comment><USER4> The main difference between Arch and Gentoo is that Arch is binary (IA-32(e)) package based and Gentoo is source based.

They both can deliver you to about the same point on install (Gentoo stage3 install).

</comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER5> > I have come to accept that I'm really not smart. I'm slow, forgetfull, > concepts never seem to stick, I have to force myself to not take things for > granted.

Congratulations! You have just discovered that you have an asset! Forgetfulness, an awareness of one's limitations and an understanding that learning can be challenging are all things that actual newbs are not aware of. You no longer suffer from hubris.

Your newfound recognition of your limitations is the foundation upon which you must build and shore up a structure for acquiring new knowledge, outlining plans which recognize your limitations and executing these plans in a predictable manner.

These problems are the same problems that most programmers (hell, most people) face. This is what the life-hacking movement is about. It is about understanding that we are all human, and that improvement in our lives requires recognition of our weaknesses.

If something is not working for you, what you should do is look for alternative methods to achieve your goal. If you do not absorb knowledge through reading books or theories, perhaps reading code would be better for you, or perhaps you are a social learner and need to talk to other programmers about what it is that they do.

Remember that every challenge is an opportunity. There are even people who have turned their quests for self improvement into niches and businesses in their own right. If you see something that doesn't make sense to you, it may not make sense to other people. If you find a way to make a task easier, others might find it useful too.

I hit the point you're at about 5 years ago. I'm beginning to feel competent and trust my ability to build things. There's a lot more that i want to learn and become better at. It's a long process, but many have tread the path before you, and many will follow in your steps.

G'luck.

<comment><USER6> This is one of those pieces of advice that hits my face so hard with its simplicity and non-obviousness, it makes me want to cry. This is made my Friday, thank you.

<comment><USER5> Honestly, this is what people mean when they talk about passion or tenacity or being "an animal" (cf <http://www.paulgraham.com/start.html> ).

What they mean is that you've got a drive to succeed in the face of adversity. That when you encounter difficulty, you won't become disheartened and lose focus on your goal and instead browse reddit for the next 12 hrs (There's some irony in Y-Combinator being responsible for one of the biggest time wasters on the internet). That when faced with a problem you'll take it head on, or if it's more sensible find a way to go around it.

This is a concept that's both maddeningly simple and insanely challenging.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER7> I have a sneaking suspicion that this opinion will be unpopular... but it is mine, it's humble, and I'm entitled to it :)

You are stuck being a cargo-cult architecture-astronaut because you are stuck in a language that exemplifies and encourages it. ROR and python, while perfectly good in themselves, will allow you to stay there. My advice would be to take something 'horrible' but useful - PHP springs to mind - and play with it. Do fun stuff just for the hell of it. Do things quickly, not correctly. Correct things one by one and see which things actually make a difference, and which things were a complete waste of your time.

Memorising linux commands? What? _Slap!_ Write yourself a cheat-sheet and remove that excuse from your head immediately. It'll take you 5 minutes. If it takes you longer, you're doing it again. Stop making the perfect cheat-sheet that covers every example of everything you may ever need, and write the 5-minuter that covers 95% of it.

Set a line between the front of what you're doing and the back. In front of the line, everything must be neat, useful and functional. Behind the line you can do whatever you please. The line is the part of the 'achieving things' model that cargo-cults miss - the difference between practice and theory. You might even surprise yourself about your coding ability once you start evaluating things that way.

<comment><USER8>
      You are stuck being a cargo-cult architecture-astronaut because you are stuck in a
      language that exemplifies and encourages it. ROR and python, while perfectly
      good in themselves, will allow you to stay there.

I'd abstract one step up, and suggest it's the environment that's to blame instead of the tools.

At a previous company, I found that there was a not-insignificant number of my coworkers were seemingly-incapable. I originally blamed the people for their lack of skill; later, I moved on to faulting the tools (Java / Oracle / a less-than-stellar in-house "framework"), but eventually realized the problem was with the environment, and nothing else.

A couple of the biggest contributing factors:

* A near-constant state of panic ("is it done yet?")

* The implicit requirement that all decisions had to be routed through at least two stakeholders for confirmation

* Old guard programmers enforcing that things be done the One True Way, despite any evidence that alternate approaches would be better

Early-to-medium-ish into my time at that company, I stuck to my guns and did what I felt was right. I wound up writing toy apps in Rails and Node that changed how the company managed its production and release pipelines. Toward the end, I would constantly question my skills and abilities--despite the success of my toy apps--because I'd been conditioned to do so. I settled into a rut-of-despair very similar to the OP's for a few months.

I quit when I realized what my environment was doing to me.

</comment></comment><comment><USER9> For what it's worth, the only way I've ever learnt anything significant relating to programming was getting a job that demanded it. Want to learn Linux? Install it on your primary laptop and get a job that uses it. Same for Python or Ruby and Rails or whatever.

So, I think your feeling of incompetence may be just a feeling of being totally bored by doing the same thing for five years. If you got a job that, say, demanded you immediately learn how to make feature changes on a PHP site, I expect you could do it fine.

This doesn't cover everything in your post, though -- you're right, it does take years to become a kernel or compiler hacker. There's plenty of work to be done with fewer prerequisites than those two.

<comment><AUTHOR> Thank you for your answer.

I have already installed linux as my primary OS at home, I still have to stick to windows in my job though.

<comment><USER10> If you have the ability and the desire, install Cygwin on your work computer, and do as much work through that as you can. It may help.

<comment><AUTHOR> Thanks, I will give it a shot.

</comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER11> If you want to learn fundamentals, you need to master C. The language itself is very simple and readable, but what it will teach you is how memory works.

Every algorithm & data structure worth implementing has been implemented in C and is probably available in an open source project. You can download Redis, which is fantastic code and covers all the basics. Take one of these projects and start trying to mold it to your will.

Write specialized string parsers in C for doing simple things you'd normally do with a script. If you do it right, it'll be several orders of magnitude faster.

Learn to use the GNU debugger.

Take blocks of algorithmic code you've written, learn pthreads, make them concurrent, and actually able to achieve linear increases in speed as you add cores.

Your greatest ally will be well-written open source code.

<comment><USER12> "Write specialized string parsers in C for doing simple things you'd normally do with a script. If you do it right, it'll be several orders of magnitude faster."

Note that this ONLY makes sense in the context of a learning exercise. If it's simple and you'd normally do it with a script, the performance you'd gain from a C rewrite isn't worthwhile. The knowledge you'll gain from making C do something it doesn't make easy, though, is.

<comment><USER11> In most situations, I definitely concur. There are a few cases where I've had to process >10g flat files and I whipped up a specialized tool in C that could run through it nearly as fast as the disk could feed it.

<comment><USER12> Sure, but I doubt you'd seriously try to handle that with pipes and Unix anyway. 10g warrants someone who knows what they're doing and knows, like you, when the overhead of writing in C pays for itself in faster processing.

<comment><USER13> Unless you're in scientific community, where it's common to have to convert GBs of data from one weird format to another, or possibly analyzing them, nevertheless knowing only e.g. R and Matlab.

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER14> _OTOH I have given thought about if programming is really for me, I have found that I'm really, really bad at problem solving and "thinking outside of the box" I have come to accept that I'm really not smart. I'm slow, forgetfull, concepts never seem to stick, I have to force myself to not take things for granted, it seems no matter how hard i try I can't look at problems from different perspectives and understand the implications of a particular solution, I'm starting to think I may have a learning dissability, or that is because I lack the basic toolkit for problem solving, but I really think I'm just not very smart._

I doubt this is true. Rather, I think your currently ad-hoc way of trying to learn things is not effective. In other words, it has been your method, not you. One of the benefits of a formal education is knowing what is out there, even if you don't know it yet. (Knowing what you don't know.) That means you can go and learn it as you need to.

I suspect your difficulty with "thinking out of the box" is that you just haven't been exposed to alternate ways of doing things.

My point: you're not stupid. Learning all of this stuff even when someone says "this is what you should learn" is hard. Learning it when you have to figure out _what_ to learn is even harder. Many people here will disagree with me, but I think a formal education is valuable for the reasons I stated. But, you said that's not an option for you now. So I recommend doing basically what you're doing: use existing textbooks to find out what you should learn, and learn it. Treat going through those books like a course. Many university courses also have the course syllabus online - looking through those for topics you should research yourself is also valuable. And, of course, MIT's Open Course Ware (<http://ocw.mit.edu/index.htm>) was designed with students like you in mind.

<comment><USER15> In addition to MIT's excellent OCW, check out Richard Bucklands courses over at UNSW. I personally really like his teaching style, although it may be somewhat too informal for others.

<http://www.youtube.com/user/UNSWelearning#p/p>

</comment></comment><comment><USER16> _I lack the fundamentals of Computer Science, the things every programmer should know: Algo's, Data Structures, Operating Systems an understanding of compilers and being profficient with linux._

Relax. That's true for 99% of all programmers.

 _Eventually I plan on going back to a real University and getting a CS degree_

Absolutely not necessary. You will probably learn more building _anything_ than learning it in school.

 _I'm starting to think I may have a learning dissability_

Maybe you do, maybe you don't. Just because the rest of the world is quick to diagnose everything doesn't mean you have to.

 _I have come to accept that I'm really not smart. I'm slow, forgetfull, concepts never seem to stick_

Your performance shortcomings could be for many reasons. Being "really not smart" is the _least likely_ of any of them. They are much more likely caused by other things like uninteresting work, poor environment, personal issues, nasty people, or even health issues. Whether you're "smart" or not, thinking that your aren't is pretty much a guarantee for failure. Please don't do that.

 _I have started going through the basic Algo's and Data structures again with a basic Java book about algorithms_

Sorry to say, but you're just doing it the hardest way you can. You don't need a book; you need a _project_. I (like many others here, I'm sure) have achieved much, but have always had difficulty learning from books and theory. It's hard! You need to find work where the things you need to learn will be required. Funny how quickly and easily you'll find a way to learn them when you actually need them. I'm not sure _how_ you should go about finding such work, but I imagine many responses in this thread do.

 _I just don't want to be a cargo cult programmer anymore._

Good. That makes your normal.

 _And finally trying to memorise all those linux commands I ALWAYS forget._

Then use less commands. I have never used more that 10% of what was available in _any_ technology and I always got the job done.

 _I have to force myself_

This is the most important thing you have said.

Have you ever actually enjoyed building stuff? Have you ever gotten really "jazzed" about the project you were working on? Have you ever leapt up out of your seat and danced when you got something working?

If you answered "yes" to any of these questions, then you really do have the passion to be a programmer. Stop selling yourself short and listen to the great advice you're sure to get here from fellow Hacker News'ers.

If you answered "yes" to none of these questions, then there's no sense for you to continue wasting your time searching for the passion. If you haven't experienced any by now, then you probably never will. No one should have to "force themself" to love what they're doing. Find something else.

P.S. Sorry about your father. Loss affects each of us differently. And don't worry about your English. It's fine. Please give yourself your best chance to succeed and keep us posted. Best wishes.

<comment><USER17> While I agree with virtually of what you said, the following statement I do disagree with: _You don't need a book; you need a project._ (in reference to laerning algo and data structures).

There are too many non-trivial algorithms that you are just likely to not rediscover. Many are the result of some of the best minds in various fields over decades. Dynamic programming isn't something that will likely just show up in your code w/o knowing about it (it may, but probably among the more skilled). Balanced trees almost certainly won't. Heck, even standard binary trees probably aren't obvious to someone who hasn't thought about the problem.

And definitely not things like the Fast Fourier Transform or stability of Gaussian elimination, etc...

I'd at least recommend spending a weekend reading a pragmatic algorithms book like Sedgewick, <http://algs4.cs.princeton.edu/home/Algs4Flyer.pdf>.

Have a project that you're working on too, but don't do it without also learning algorithms and data structures more formally. Otherwise you'll end up finding a lot of poor solutions for problems that have known good solutions.

<comment><USER16> _There are too many non-trivial algorithms that you are just likely to not rediscover._

I agree, but would also (respectfully) ask, "So what?"

OP needs to learn to crawl, then walk, then run. And he seems like a great candidate to do all 3.

Even so, even if he works 30 years having a ball delivering great product to satisfied customers, he may never encounter "Fast Fourier Transform" or "stability of Gaussian elimination".

I think of "advanced" subjects like dynamic programming, functional programming, and even algorithms and low-level code like mountaineers think about Mount Fuji: A coward never climbs it. A fool climbs it more than once.

I haven't written a b-tree traversal in 10 years and hope I never do again. I'd rather stand on the shoulders of new giants and get other cool stuff done.

OP's not there yet. Give him time.

Also, he needs a _reason_ to learn this stuff. "Because I need it for this project" is a better reason then "Because everybody else is doing it and I think I need to, too".

<comment><USER18> >> There are too many non-trivial algorithms that you are just likely to not rediscover.

> I agree, but would also (respectfully) ask, "So what?"

Well, if you're trying to sort big arrays with bubblesort, you may have to wait a long time...

<comment><USER19> <http://warp.povusers.org/grrr/bubblesort_eng.html>

>Teaching bubble sort as some kind of "basic sorting algorithm" has real-life negative consequences. This is a real-life example: this is a piece of code in the gnu flex program:

        /* We sort the states in sns so we
         * can compare it to oldsns quickly.
         * We use bubble because there probably
         * aren't very many states.
         */
        bubble (sns, numstates);

>There's absolutely no rational reason why bubble sort was used here instead of insertion sort. Bubble sort can only be slower, and it's not in any way easier to implement.

<comment><USER20> Actually for small values of n, an n^2 sort can be quicker than an nlogn sort, depending on how it is implemented.

<comment><USER19> Yeah, hence insertion sort (the best n^2 sorter) is used to speed up quick- sort. It's insane to think of using bubble sort for the same task. (And for n=2, you don't need a sorting algorithm.)

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER21> "Teach Yourself Programming in Ten Years"

<http://norvig.com/21-days.html>

"Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs"

<http://mitpress.mit.edu/sicp/full-text/book/book.html>

<comment><USER22> 1) Ctrl-F Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs

2) Upvote

3) Post reply. SICP is not only the best textbook on computer programming, but one of the best textbooks I've read on any subject. The first three chapters will teach you more than most programmers ever learn, in such a way that you can apply it to any language.

<comment><USER23> > in such a way that you can apply it to any language

After working through some of SICP, would you recommend then using Scheme for practical projects?

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER24> Take a crack at Python and Ruby (or another language if you prefer) just to widen your experience, even if you stick to Java it will be good for you as a developer. I did the migration from Java to Python a few years back and I'm still learning and unlearning, so don't get discouraged.

One bit of advice: Try to learn a bit about proper testing as you are learning your new language, it will be easier than trying to do it after you've learned and testing will help you build confidence in your abilities in the new language.

Two good books:

"Learn Python the Hard Way" by Zed Shaw [http://learnpythonthehardway.org/static/LearnPythonTheHardWa...](http://learnpythonthehardway.org/static/LearnPythonTheHardWay.pdf)

and/or

"Why's (Poignant) Guide to Ruby" by _why <http://mislav.uniqpath.com/poignant- guide/>

Most non-rockstars forget Unix commands, it's not a big deal and you can help yourself by writing up a cheatsheet or googling for one. Practice and muscle memory helps.

I haven't had a chance to check it out but there is a PacktPub book on Python algorithms which looks interesting: "Python Algorithms: Mastering Basic Algorithms in the Python Language" by Magnus Lie Hetland

Good luck!

<comment><USER25> I'd just like to second what huxley said about not getting down on yourself for forgetting unix commands. If unix hacking isn't mission critical to your job you tend to not get the reps in these commands to make them automatic. Make google your best friend and if you have to look through a chmod or crontab tutorial every few months, it's not the worst thing in the world.

</comment></comment><comment><USER26> People are not born with the ability of a Djikstra or whomever you idolize. It takes decades of diligent practice to get to that point.

Do not feel down about feeling stupid or inadequate, just keep working in a reasoned manner towards your goal.

You will get there.

<comment><USER27> Also, don't get discouraged by all the amazing projects you see on the internet. I used to feel that I would never be any good because I would spend all day looking at the latest thing on Hacker News and know that I couldn't build those things. But remember that those same people spent years developing their specific set of skills. It didn't just happen overnight.

</comment></comment><comment><USER28> I feel similar to you. I wonder if being on HN is healthy for me. It exposes me to lots of new concepts and technologies, but only on a very superficial level since I am not diving into it... And it has a cost of feeding into an inferiority complex.

I have almost entirely started to avoid facebook for this reason. You always just see the bright side of everyone's lives, which can make you feel depressed if you are unsatisfied with your own. Likewise HN shows you the cutting edge tech, the cool startup scene, and a lot of writing from some very VERY smart people. If you don't feel like you measure up it can be an addictive way to reinforce that feeling.

Clearly I am competing with a deeper psychological issue and the ultimate solution is to accept myself, accept my limitations, and find peace. I am working toward this and making some progress. But I wonder if my progress is being hindered by such a flood of exposure of awesome like HN.

Many (most) thoughts I have had reading HN are clearly irrational. "I can't be happy unless I am founding a startup." "I can't be happy unless I am programming in language X." "I can't be happy unless I move to SV."

I recently severed a very close relationship because I finally accepted how toxic it was, even if that toxicity was largely due to my own loose boundaries. I wonder if my relationship with HN is the same thing.

tldr: HN exposes you to so much awesome that sometimes you feel like shit in comparison. You're not.

</comment><comment><USER29> Hello. I've started working on a project aimed specifically at people like you. I find myself encountering folks on HN who program, who are even _excellent_ people at what they do, but still lack enough background that they sometimes say or upvote patently false things. (In your case, I give you much credit for being self-aware!)

To this end, I'm planning to start "Breadth First Learning." (This is a reference to a page on Ward Cunningham's original Wiki.)

My intention is to cover the same broad CS material as "NAND to Tetris" with the same hands-on approach, where all the systems described are actually built hands-on, but with a focus on the "100 Things" that a programmer actually still uses 5 years out of school. The current goal is to produce a series of easy, fun lessons that can be worked through by any competent programmer in a few hours a week, over the course of 8 or 9 months. The first few lessons will be free, and the rest of the lessons will cost a dollar or two each. The value-add for this site, will be convenience and thoughtful presentation. Everything will be based on Javascript, so learners can casually open a browser page to fill in their CS knowledge gaps in their spare time.

Someone can easily gather all of the same material online, in greater depth for free, but our goal is to provide a convenient and relaxed environment, so filling in your background knowledge is easy, fun, and relaxing.

(I guess I should get a "coming soon" page up and gather emails. I just thought of this yesterday, so I'm not quite there yet.)

<comment><USER30> Do post it to HN when you get an MVP, sounds interesting.

edit: and reddit.com/r/learnprogramming

</comment></comment><comment><USER31> You probably don't have a learning disability. You have simply come to grips with the fact computing is inherently difficult in a lot of aspects. When you go out and teach yourself, don't be discouraged by failure. You shouldn't read technical books like a novel, no one does, and those who claim they do are just lying. For more on that you can read this: <http://web.stonehill.edu/compsci/History_Math/math-read.htm>

Which describes how math books (and other technical books by nature) should be read and studied. Don't think after reading a paragraph, you should understand everything. Take it slow, and take the time to work out things on your own, the more this happens the easier it gets.

Also, whether you are good or not at problem solving, just remember that you should be enjoying the process of solving problems, not necessarily just the answer. It took Steven Hawking 29 years to make a big step of progress with Black Holes. Experimenting is just as important as the thought process is. Read something, test it, break it, try to fix it.

You also stated you had difficulty looking from new perspectives. This is tricky, but first get your creativity flowing, then ask all of these question. Why? How? Why Not (INSERT SOMETHING ELSE)? Will it work with this? What is the fundamental idea? Is there a way to change the implementation of how this is done, while still maintaining the proper outcome? Scribble down your ideas, and play with them.

For example, I remember when I was trying to fix my indoor toy flying helicopter after the plastic broke on one of the propellers. Instead of taping it I asked myself, what it was exactly I was trying to do, which was reconnect a broken plastic propeller. Then I asked myself what ways this could be done. After fooling a bit, I decided that since it was plastic I could simply melt it back together. You just have to learn to break things down, and chunk them together, and play with the elements of a problem.

Keep reading, learning, most importantly have some fun.

<comment><AUTHOR> Thanks for your answer,

The difficult part for me is that I have to force myself to ask the questions that you talk about, it's definitely not intuitive for me and my first reaction is not to think about the different solutions a problem could have, like you said I can't break a problem into chunks, and this I think is essential to be a programmer.

<comment><USER8> These are things you can't do _yet_. The _yet_ is the important part- never forget that.

I read somewhere above that you spend a lot of time fixing bugs. Congratulations! You're already a programmer!

To move onward and upward, the biggest thing you can do is change your mindset from "how do I make this problem go away?" to "what is causing this problem to happen?" At the end of the day, you'll still get those bugs fixed, but you'll have a deeper understanding of the things that led to them in the first place.

Once you know that, breaking things down and shuffling ideas becomes second nature.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER32> I know what I'm about to say will probably not go over well, but somebody needs to say it: try a programming language that is FUN.

Java is not fun.

I'd rather walk a mile barefoot on broken, salty glass in a hailstorm than to ever write another line of Java. At least my memory has mellowed -- I used to really hate it.

Some suggestions:

\- Common Lisp: my current love affair. Something about the way the parentheses sort of round off all the sharp edges, and the beautiful symmetry of it all. After a while you can get a feel for how smoothly a form works just by glancing at its overall shape. It feels good to build things that are beautiful in every sense of the word.

\- Python: So easy a manager can do it. Loads of awesome libraries.

\- Racket: This probably would have been first on the list had I not accidentally organized them alphabetically :-) In fact, I'd even go so far as to suggest working through the book "How to Design Programs". Actually, you know what? If you'll _promise_ to work through all the exercises in the book and pass it along to someone else who is struggling when you're done -- I'll give you a copy (years ago I mistakenly ordered two copies). PM me if you want it.

<comment><USER30> Fwiw, _How To Design Programs_ is also available free online:

<http://htdp.org>

</comment></comment><comment><USER33> Kudos for discovering something important about yourself.

Your path forward probably should be determined by the kind of work you want to do, but I think you know this.

Certainly don't be sucked into the new technologies because they're cool. Nor should you necessarily get a CS degree, depending on the work you want to do. You sound like you want to learn everything ever about computing, but that's a recipe for frustration and won't necessarily help you.

But anyway, good luck.

<comment><AUTHOR> Thanks for your answer.

I would really like to learn more about machine learning and NLP, after reading a bit about them I found them to be incredibly interesting subjects, however my Math/Algorithms skills are a barrier into understanding most of the concepts, that is why I plan on eventually getting a CS degree.

And yes I agree, it might seem like I'm trying to learn too much at the same time, I'm just incredibly overwhelmed about all of the stuff I've been blatantly ignorant about whilst calling myself a "programmer".

<comment><USER34> I worked as a programmer for many years. I hit 30, felt bored, and am now in graduate school studying NLP.

A lot of people in NLP are awful programmers. We have a group of ML researchers down the corridor and they build all their models in Matlab. You do not need to write great code to do research. It is more important to come up with a well thought out model and then throw together a horrible implementation to show it works.

Math is a very wide and varied subject. A lot of things you'll learn in a CS degree are useless for ML/NLP. Many people argue that ML is just applied statistics, with a sexy name to get more funding.

Finally I think the reason you're feeling stupid is that you're starting to challenge yourself. I spend most of time feeling really dumb in graduate school. Your brain is a muscle and needs constant training. You'll hit plateaus where everything seems like gibberish. Keep it at and you'll be surprised what you can learn.

Good luck.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER35> It sounds like you may not be "dumb", but maybe just a beginner who is struggling to get to the next level. Here are a few questions I'd ask first before you decide programming is not for you.

1\. Do you work with other experienced and passionate programmers who can mentor you?([http://chadfowler.com/2011/02/24/be-careful-of-who-you- work-...](http://chadfowler.com/2011/02/24/be-careful-of-who-you-work-with))

2\. Do you know _how_ to learn? A lot of people assume it just comes down to reading the material, I found this book explains the process quite well and it is put in the context of a software developer looking to attain mastery [http://www.pragprog.com/titles/ahptl/pragmatic-thinking- and-...](http://www.pragprog.com/titles/ahptl/pragmatic-thinking-and-learning)

3\. Have you "cultivated your gurus" so to speak? Putting up a post on HN is a great start, but continually involving yourself in discussions in the greater community will help you to tap into a source of experienced mentors even if you don't work with them. Find groups for topics you are interested in and then involve yourself, ask questions, learn, then contribute to the discussion yourself.

4\. Have you considered getting involved in some open source projects? These are a great place to learn from others as well.

In the end learning isn't generally as simple as just reading a few books for most people. I would consider starting with a few books on how to get your career development and your learning process on the right track and then go from there. Even if you do decide you're not cut out for programming, what you learn from those books will be valuable no matter what path you choose.

The books I'd recommend:

[http://www.pragprog.com/titles/ahptl/pragmatic-thinking- and-...](http://www.pragprog.com/titles/ahptl/pragmatic-thinking-and-learning)

<http://www.pragprog.com/titles/tpp/the-pragmatic-programmer>

[http://www.pragprog.com/titles/cfcar2/the-passionate- program...](http://www.pragprog.com/titles/cfcar2/the-passionate-programmer) (will admit to not reading this one but I hear very good things)

Yes I realize these are all PragPro books, what can I say, they are that good.

<comment><AUTHOR> Thanks for you answer, you tackle some of the other things I've been struggling with for the last few years.

1\. I work with other experience programmers but they are not really into "mentoring", I have been looking for someone online who can lead me on the path of the hacker.

2.Good point, sometimes I do feel like I don't know how to learn. Thanks for the link I will check it out.

3.This is one of my flaws...I'm not very confident in my abilities, and frankly I never feel like I have something good enough to contribute, this is also why I've never felt comfortable starting a blog or participating in open source projects.

<comment><USER36> _> This is one of my flaws...I'm not very confident in my abilities_

Realise that lack of confidence is just another way of saying "knows his limitations." This is an asset that most people at your level don't have.

If you want to learn some CS, here's a concept for you: Fail Fast

<https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Fail_Fast>

This concept, like many CS concepts is often generalised by hackers to life in general. Practice makes perfect. What does practice mean? Doing things badly over and over again until you get better. Viewed in this light, failure is an asset. As long as you learn from it, you can see each failure as another step on the road to success.

As I say, hackers generally take this attitude that failure is good. Strolling into an IRC channel or message board for a particular technology and professing your utter ignorance and incompetence concerning the matter will likely not be met with the derision you might fear. Most people are more eager to help the humble than the bullish.

EDIT: Also read this book before you read any actual programming books. Don't worry when you don't understand parts of it.

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6del,_Escher,_Bach>

<comment><AUTHOR> Thanks,

I tried reading that Godel book and I couldn't wrap my head around it, I will give it a second shot though.

<comment><USER36> I think the best thing to do when you get to the really dense sections is just to plough through. It reaches a critical mass of crazy notation and mindbending logic in the middle, but once you get past that it drops back to being relatively graspable again as he addresses different areas. At least for a while :)

As I said, don't expect yourself to _really_ understand all of it the first time you read it. Read it for the bits you _do_ understand, not the bits you don't. Even if that turns out to only include the Carrol-esque dialogue, it's worth it.

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER37> I second SICP. I would definitely look at eh SICP video series filmed at HP a while back: [http://groups.csail.mit.edu/mac/classes/6.001/abelson- sussma...](http://groups.csail.mit.edu/mac/classes/6.001/abelson-sussman- lectures/)

I went through these after a rigorous college CS experience and several years of work experience and still found "ah ha!" moments.

It's a good solid foundation in 30 or so hours. The text is also available online for free.

</comment><comment><USER38> I think maybe your model of how a person becomes a good programmer and reality might be far apart.

When I wanted to learn C, I bought six or seven books, some of which came with a compiler. I read each book.

Now that probably sounds like I am a genius, sucking down information directly from the text. But what really happened wasn't so flattering at all: I flailed. It wasn't until the third book or so that I finally got anything to compile, and I think it was book 4 where I figured out how the hell to read pointers.

I really sucked at learning programming.

When I picked up C++, we were on a family vacation. The kids all played in the pool and did fun stuff. I sat by the pool and read C++ books. If I thought C was tough, C++ was a killer.

I finally got it, though.

Last year, when I wanted to finally learn Functional Programming (I'm 45) I did the same thing. And this time, guess what? Even after the books I sucked.

So I started writing little projects, which also sucked. I went back and read the books again. I wrote some more code. I still suck at it, but I suck a little less. Perhaps in another year or two I'll consider myself proficient.

Yes, it is terribly awesome to sit down in front of a client with a tough problem and do some wizardry on the screen and feel like the hero. I spent my 20s and part of my 30s being the super-hero star guy. I had a blast.

But that's just hot-dogging: showboating. (People do it for fun and to make their job more like a theater performance) In reality for every one of those times I was showboating there were hundreds of hours spent trying to figure out what the hell was going on with something.

I think it might be easy to look at other coders who are like I was and get the wrong impression. Yes, some folks are smarter or have a better recall than others, but guys with huge recall ability many times get wrapped up in some kind of minutia that's not important to the team. Everybody has flaws. This will sound very strange to hear, but it's true: you can be the worst programmer on a programming team and be the most valuable and critical person there. I've seen it happen dozens of times.

The question is: are you working at making yourself better? Not how smart you are, how you feel about programming, or any of that. Just a simple question about what kinds of habits you have in place to continue to improve. If you have those habits, you'll either become a better coder or eventually work out what you're meant to do. But you have to have those habits first.

So my advice is a little less angst and a little more work. Both to you and me :)

EDIT: By some kind of weird twist of fate I have been thinking about this a lot recently, because I was writing a review of the best book I've ever read that improved my coding, Code Complete. <http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=2263127>

<comment><USER39> What you said about guys with huge recall ability getting wrapped up in some kind of minutia really rang true with me.

When I first started at the place where I work now, I encountered a couple of guys who are excruciatingly smart, and seemed to know every little detail about a thousand random topics. They wrote excellent code, and I was really glad they were on the team since they were part of a very small group of guys who seemed to be the only ones who knew what was going on in terms of our code and the direction it was going in.

But they were extremely intimidating to be around. Don't get me wrong, they were very nice guys, but their seemingly immense intellect was scary and humiliating. I regularly felt like a dumbass -- and I was the only one there with a PhD (in astrophysics, no less).

Over time, I saw that these two guys regularly got caught up in the minutia of some abstract aspect of a problem, so much so that they became annoying to have around, and were somewhat of a hindrance in the decision-making process. I was surprised to discover that I wasn't the only one to have noticed this. I also noticed that neither of these guys never really seemed to produce anything huge out of their massive intellects, and most of the big jobs were tackled over a long period of time, with a lot of comparatively "dumb" guys doing most of the work.

Everybody does have their flaws.

I suppose what could be taken away from this observation is that you shouldn't waste time comparing yourself to the "genius" types. Don't put yourself down because you're not as quick or as all-knowing as someone else. What matters more is that you get stuff done, and that you always desire to improve yourself AND work towards that end. You may not become "all-knowing" or develop a huge recall ability, but the other skills that you do possess will get better and better, and you'll be worth more than the motor mouth "geniuses" whose ability to talk outshadows their ability to get stuff done.

<comment><USER38> Yep. I think we easily confuse "programming" as being the technical details of mastering and remembering thousands of little details. We find comfort in that. When in fact "programming" is making computers solve problems for people. The computer part and the people part of that equation are equally important. And if you talk about "being part of a programming team" then you're adding in all the social issues of working with other people to solve technical problems.

We love looking at the minutia, but that's simply because we've been indoctrinated to think of the technical part as being the "important" part. These are all equally important. If anything, the technical part is _less_ important than the other parts (ducks). Been a lot of teams full of below- average coders that have done some incredible things. Intellect does not equal impact. Not even close.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER40> I apologize for not addressing the main question, but I'd just like to express that I disagree that you're not very smart.

It might be a knee-jerk reaction on my end when it comes to to the whole "maybe I'm not smart enough", but you're showing awareness of your own (current) limits, which isn't something to speak lightly of.

What are your experiences with problem solving? It's something you learn, like most things. You might not be able to 'think' in that fashion now, but I know quite a few people who swear their brains and perspectives have been reprogrammed through forcing themselves to study math despite lack of talent, and in my own experience you can learn to flex and twist your mind much like you can your body, even if just like with your body it might be easier or harder in some directions.

You might however lack the aptitude which make it more fun to engage in or otherwise lead many more savvy to programming and CS, and only you can decide wheter this is something that slows you down or stops you dead.

When I did martial arts, I had some students who were dismissive towards their less sports-savvy comrade since they took longer or had a harder time to learn the basics; but what they forgot were that they'd already learned all the periphery skills of using their body from other sports, for them it was a simple matter of learning one more skill atop their experience and skill at already using their bodies, the ones who were having troubles were learning several more skillsets at once since they hadn't up to that point.

The same could apply to you, people have the opportunity to learn or understand different things at different points in their lives; some lessons some of my friends learned when they were 12 which other friends learned when they were 60, partially since they hadn't had the opportunity to truly learn or understand them until then.

I guess what I'm trying to say is, try not to be discouraged because it's hard; it can sometimes mean you're not aware of all the things on your plate at the moment, and even if it feels you're failing you're probably learning something else that's also beneficial while you do.

Sorry for semi-rant, but that's the part I felt remotely competent to comment on.

I do however agree that projects are the way to go if you wish to learn or remember. I and my friends learn more from our personal pet projects than we've ever done at our University.

<comment><AUTHOR> Thanks for your words, no need to apologize :).

</comment></comment><comment><USER41> Others have put it more eloquently already but I can just suggest the same: start working on a project and pick up what you need as you go. If you want to learn Linux, do something that involves some server side work: get some cheap web hosting account (or one almost for free on nearlyfreespeech as long as you don't have traffic) and start compiling programs from source, set up mod_rewrite, etc. etc. etc. Otherwise get a cheap computer, install Linux and configure everything as you want, hunting for answers on forums. By the time you are done, you will know more about Linux than most self-proclaimed experts.

Don't think about algorithms, data structures and all other topics as some huge roadblock, they really contain a lot of loosely connected topics which are not all that difficult if you look at them one at a time with enough patience. "What One Fool Can Do, Another Can Too". You get more out of reading a textbook when you already know disconnected bits and pieces and you want a more unified view.

Your writing reminds a bit of my friend who is the best guitarist I know, but has a constant inferiority complex, because he says he "doesn't know music theory". I don't know much about music, but if I try to get down to the specifics of what he doesn't know, it turns out that he actually knows a huge amount, but he still keeps repeating "if only I knew some music theory"...

</comment><comment><USER42> The best thing you can do is accept an assignment for work that is over your head. The kind of thing where you think, "I really don't think I have the skills to do this". Get the the requirements, any documentation you need and then just start writing. It doesn't matter if you do it wrong. Just do it. Make a little start. Then add a little bit at a time. It'll take forever. You'll have to backtrack constantly. But it'll be the 2 steps forward 1 step back kind of thing. You'll inch toward your goal. And suddenly it's a few weeks later and you're done.

I can't express to you the kind of satisfaction I've achieved when I've done stuff I thought I had no skill for. But those first 2 weeks are _scary_! I keep thinking, "Crap, I can't do this--I'm a fraud! Everyone is going to find out soon. Oh, what have I gotten myself into!" And then suddenly I realize in my brave attempt to just fake it I've actually accomplished something. My thoughts become "I think I can actually pull this off!" It's a very cool moment.

Diving into the deep end of the pool is the only way I've ever significantly advanced my skill set. Reading books/papers and writing little test things can advance your skill set incrementally, but biting off more than you can chew is the only way I've found to level up in life.

</comment><comment><USER43> A couple of thoughts. One, there's a ton of work that doesn't need databases, or operating system knowledge. It helps, but its not essential. Android developers are _hot hot hot_ right now, and its not a huge system to learn (I'm a mobile dev manager).

As mentioned before me, you can learn a lot on the job. One of the best dev's I know never finished college either.

I am always looking up the proper syntax of commands (find -exec anyone?) It just takes repetition and the constant thought that "maybe there's a command that does this better".

Finally, put down the math books. Put down the compiler books. Data structures and algorithms, sure, but those others. Bah! Now, if you want a supplementary book that helps a ton, pick up a patterns book, preferably the "Gang of Four" book (<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Design_Patterns>). It helped me to look at problems in a bit more of a formal sense, and it allows me to say "Oh this is such and such a pattern" and other devs get it immediately.

Don't get discouraged. You may just need a new job where you are mentored if you feel like your skills and experience is meaningless. Your desire to learn and your passion for your chosen career make you a fertile ground for training.

Good Luck!

<comment><USER44> "Finally, put down the math books. Put down the compiler books. Data structures and algorithms, sure, but those others. Bah!"

This is seriously bad advice. The converse is not necessarily good advice but when the OP explicitly wants to be good at CS, "put down the compiler books and read the GOF Design Patterns book" is terrible advice. The GOF DP book is barely one step above Cargo Cult sw,something the OP is trying to flee. There is a wide range of advice on this thread but this must be the worst(imo, ymmv etc).

<comment><USER45> plinkplonk - I respect your opinion, so asking this question in earnest. Mind pointing to the best advice in the thread? I could look at the most up-voted answer, but group think is not always right.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER46> You can't possibly be taking as long as I did; see "my evolution as a programmer": [http://lists.canonical.org/pipermail/kragen- tol/2007-March/0...](http://lists.canonical.org/pipermail/kragen- tol/2007-March/000849.html)

I'm obviously not in a position to evaluate your IQ, but to me you sound pretty average. If you stick with your determination to get better, you'll be better than average in a few years, because most people don't.

<comment><USER47> Forget about IQ. To quote someone I agree with:

"Although high general intelligence is common among hackers, it is not the sine qua non one might expect. Another trait is probably even more important: the ability to mentally absorb, retain, and reference large amounts of 'meaningless' detail, trusting to later experience to give it context and meaning. A person of merely average analytical intelligence who has this trait can become an effective hacker, but a creative genius who lacks it will swiftly find himself outdistanced by people who routinely upload the contents of thick reference manuals into their brains." (<http://www.catb.org/jargon/html/personality.html>)

</comment></comment><comment><USER48> Some things that have greatly helped me from my time of pasting together snippets of VBA to where I am now (nearly finished building a Ajax enabled Python web-app that parses English into SQL):

\- go onto iTunesU or MIT OpenCourseWare (or just find them on YouTube) and watch the video lectures. The three Stanford CS ones are excellent, and probably give you all the theoretical knowledge you need to proceed. There's a good one on Comoutational Linguistics which helped me get to grips with natural language processing and grammars, but is even more relevant for compilers (though to be honest I don't see why you need to know this unless you plan to actually write a compiler)

\- read Code Complete. That's probably all you need to not be a 'douche bag coder' who causes more problems than they solve

\- get into web programming. Grok HTML, it's quite simple. Next read Transcending CSS, it might take a month but eventually you'll 'get it'. Then work out how to do events and DOM manipulation with JavaScript (make things happen as the user interacts with the page). You can glue on some cargo cult jQuery here :-). THEN study Ajax - follow some of the tutorials on YouTube or iTunesU. It's not really complex it's just bitty and confusing at first (basically you create an XHR object on the page which acts as a halfway house for data going to and from the server without refreshing the whole browser page). Then finally choose a backend system like Ruby/Rails or Python/Django or ASP.NET or PHP and practice doing stuff with it. You don't need to be a big shot computer scientist for this web app stuff - just leverage the libraries and frameworks and platforms that people talk about on HN, and you can create great stuff. You just need to learn the details, which is ultimately trivial

</comment><comment><USER49> > I now have found that I lack the fundamentals of Computer Science, the > things every programmer should know: Algo's, Data Structures, Operating > Systems an understanding of compilers and being profficient with linux.

Sorry, but I'm not proficient at everything of this (especially Linux, maths and algorithms), and still I consider myself a talented coder. I'm very skilled at gluing code together (gluing with skill, not throwing things together). At the end of the day, what matters is whether you can make things work, and nothing else.

> OTOH I have given thought about if programming is really for me, I have > found that I'm really, really bad at problem solving and "thinking outside > of the box" I have come to accept that I'm really not smart. I'm slow, > forgetfull, concepts never seem to stick, I have to force myself to not take > things for granted, it seems no matter how hard i try I can't look at > problems from different perspectives and understand the implications of a > particular solution, I'm starting to think I may have a learning > dissability, or that is because I lack the basic toolkit for problem > solving, but I really think I'm just not very smart.

I think that before learning to think out of the box, you should start to _live_ out of the box. Join an acting class, especially one where _improvisation_ is stressed (I recommend you find an acting school which teaches Lecoq's method). Challenge yourself to do things you are bad at (in the beginning, I was very very bad at acting).

Try finding similarities between things in different subjects. Read "Neruda's Postman" by Skarmeta to learn what a metaphors are and how to find them. The more different the areas of human activity you'll know, the better you will be at spotting similarities and challenging your ways of doing things.

</comment><comment><USER50> Consider giving yourself a break.

You talk about going back to school, finding a new job, overcoming a learning disability, learning computer science fundamentals: data structures, algorithms, operating systems, software design, discrete mathematics, compilers, and command line essentials.

I think you will feel better if you step back and focus on one thing at a time.

...

Perhaps you should pick a new language, pick a well known introductory book for that language, and then commit to spending a few hours after work every day going through the book. You can do this on your Windows work computer- don't bother to learn the ins-and-outs of a new operating system.

Read each page, type out each exercise, consider how what you're going through relates to what you already know.

If, after a month, you're making progress and still looking forward to spending time with the book after work, I'd bet programming is for you.

...

As a next step, find a local user group for whatever language you pick and drop in. If they seem like nice people, if they are talking about interesting stuff, if it is something you enjoy, keep going back.

After three months, I'd guess that you will have finished the book, you will know a bit more about a new language, and you will have met some other people in your area that area up to something interesting.

...

While any language and book will do, try to find something basic that you can finish in a few months. If you're looking for a specific suggestion, you might try ruby and <http://pragprog.com/titles/ltp2/learn-to-program>.

Take care.

</comment><comment><USER51> Hi. It's time for you to read SICP. The book and lectures are free online:

[http://groups.csail.mit.edu/mac/classes/6.001/abelson- sussma...](http://groups.csail.mit.edu/mac/classes/6.001/abelson-sussman- lectures/)

If you can learn SICP then you'll be in the top 5% of programmers in terms of understanding theory, and you'll be in a position to understand if you like CS or not. If you don't like it, then consider changing careers or setting more limited goals (like you could program not-that-well while caring more about the rest of your life, that's what most people do).

Do not go back to school, at least until _after_ you read SICP. SICP is the single best thing that schools have to offer anyway.

I love Ruby and use it a lot, but if you want to understand programming then Ruby isn't what you're looking for right now, and definitely not rails (building a website isn't all that hard, kinda like java enterprise work). Ruby will annoy you less than java, but it won't make you feel like you really understand the concepts behind what you're doing.

</comment><comment><USER52> The problem is, if you "try to think outside of the box", of if you "try to remember things", you will not be able to... And if you stop and think about when you tried to do those things, well you will probably notice that you passed almost all the time worrying, or doing something else as useless as that.

The point is that you shouldn't try to do something, you should do it, i.e., you "span" a desire in your soul and you go along the feeling, the "thinking" is just for control, not substance... at first you will litteraly be bugged by thoughts like "i'm not good enogh for this" etc... aknowledge the existence of those thoughts, and then throw them away.

Yours is a post about bad self-fulfilling prophecies.

It's not really a matter of intelligence for the most part, it's only a matter of experience.

PS.: oh, and AFTER you got rid of the bad self-fulfilling prophecies, you could try to create some good ones :)

Good luck, you are going to need it

<comment><AUTHOR> Thanks for your answer.

The last thing I want is to give up again, sadly the more I try the more these thoughts come in to my head and the harder it is to throw them away.

</comment></comment><comment><USER53> > _Eventually I plan on going back to a real University and getting a CS > degree, but I'm unable to do so at the moment_

Come up with your own curriculum then. Invent homework assignments like the following:

1\. Install a linux distribution: <http://www.ubuntu.com/desktop/get- ubuntu/download>

2\. Install the languages you mentioned: sudo apt-get install sbcl ruby

3\. Type 'irb', 'python','sbcl' to open interpreters for Ruby, Python, or Lisp

4\. List the names of all the data structures and algorithms you've heard of and their operations. Be sure to include hashtables and b+ trees.

5\. List the worst\best\average case runtimes for each operation.

6\. Describe a practical use case for each.

7\. Implement each by typing directly into one of the above interpreters.

You'll learn much faster, always get A's, and not have to spend any money.

<comment><USER8> OP, if you make it down here: the overwhelming majority of my programming ability comes from doing variations of what the above post says.

I didn't get much education from university, except for the occasional nagging feeling of "I think I covered this in a class once". That usually turns into a Google spree, where I re-teach myself whatever concept I almost-remembered.

</comment></comment><comment><USER54> Okay, you do not actually have a learning or technology problem here. You have a psychological problem.

You have built up this idea in your head that other people are smarter than you, and you aren't worth anything if you aren't like them. Never mind that you're a working programmer and that you're proficient in a second language. Apparently for you that stuff doesn't count.

To "fix" this problem you are forcing yourself to do stuff that you don't seem to like. When you fail you blame yourself even more.

Let's take a step back here. How are you ever going to get any good at this if you are making it so unpleasant for yourself? You've put yourself on a treadmill that you can't get off.

Stop reading all these CS books. In fact, you should stop reading Hacker News. Stop caring about being in a cool startup. Start caring about whether you are enjoying your life or not.

I guarantee you that everyone you know who you think is so much smarter than you got that way not through inherent ability, but through work. You might have heard stories about how incompetent they were in the beginning, but I bet you discount them and say "well, of course they're not serious about that, this is just false modesty." No, it is _really true_.

Everyone I know who is really good started out that way. In fact I'm starting to think that one of the prime qualities needed to become a good hacker is a kind of willful disregard of one's own incompetence, coupled with a strong desire to do something that's personally meaningful. In other words, you need _hubris_.

As long as you keep measuring yourself by stuff that's personally meaningful, you'll advance in your hacking skills -- don't worry about that. If you think you need skills before you start something personally meaningful, you will never, ever get anywhere.

Finally, it is perfectly okay not to be a uber-hacker. There are other things in life worth doing. Don't adopt someone else's value system if it makes your life worthless.

So, ask yourself what, if anything, have you ever enjoyed? What makes you lose track of time when you're doing it? If problem-solving, math, or programming has never been one of those things, then you'll have to look elsewhere. If you still think you want to stick with programming, remember what I've said and try to start over with beginner's mind. Try PHP, or Python, or Processing... something very forgiving, and fun, and do something that YOU want to do.

If you are lucky, you might live in a city with a "hacker space". Hanging out there might invest you with a sense of what it's like to be personally involved with a project.

<http://hackerspaces.org/wiki/List_of_Hacker_Spaces>

Good luck.

<comment><USER55> I agree with the mindset argument.

One of the things that improves my confidence and energy tremendously is simply to go to regular meetups. Either about technology (Ruby, Python, JS) or more business-oriented meetups like startup-centered ones.

It's suprising what talking to passionate people can do to your spirits :-)

</comment></comment><comment><USER56> Fear not, man. When I read this post I was like "yea, that's me" at least ten times. Except when I went back to school I got an MBA instead of CS degree. Anyway, tons of good advice here that I won't bother regurgitating. I just want to chime in and say that I've been where you are. I'm still holding down my corporate job but I am the product VP at a startup and currently working on another project on the side. I still have MUCH to learn in the way of hacking/coding but that's never gonna stop. Just follow the good advice you've gotten here and keep your head up.

</comment><comment><USER57> First of all, do not ever call yourself "slow" or "not very smart". This is just not true. I haven't realized that English is your primary language until you mentioned it Granted, English is not my native language either, but the point is: if you could get this far with the natural language you're definitely have anything but the learning disability. And having a stable job after dropping out of college is no small feat either.

Algorithms and Data structures. I have CS and Applied Math degrees, but honestly - very rarely I have to recall the inner workings of specific algorithms and data structures. It is useful to know how it all works, but not as important as you may think. You can certainly follow "fake it till you make it" approach: you need to remember memory and time complexities of the data structures and some implications, e.g. "hash tables have asymptotically O(1) search time but may consume more memory than red-black trees that provide O(log(n)) search time but have guaranteed memory and search time constraints". And so on and so forth. So go ahead and read Cormen with that in mind.

Also, my guess is that you need only as much CS as you need to become a better software developer. I don't think you want to be a theoretical computer scientist, do you?

In your situation I would also recommend reading following books:

"Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs". Honestly, to CS graduate it reads like a book for preschoolers but it is very beautifully written and is almost zen-like. And it will definitely help you understand what programming is about if you did not get proper formal training.

"Design Patterns". It is not a CS, but Software Engineering book. It provides a framework for your software design skills. You can be a great programmer without reading that book, but then you have to be exposed to a lot of beautifully designed code, and that book will save you a lot of time.

Find a popular and stable open source project that is closest to what you are doing now or what you want to do and read the code, look at the build infrastructure, documentation, try to get involved and maybe even fix some bugs, starting from simplest ones and moving up to features. You'll get a lot of brutally honest peer reviews, just don't abuse it.

Hope that helps.

</comment><comment><USER58> For remembering things: check out Anki, or any other spaced repetition system. Rote memorization isn't the complete solution, of course, but problem solving becomes vastly easier when the components of the solution are readily available in your mind.

For some reason our schooling systems haven't picked up on how incredibly useful the spacing effect is. Use it to your advantage! It has made a real difference for me.

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spacing_effect>

</comment><comment> T-R It's been brought up a few times on HN recently, but I think it's worth bringing up again - Imposter Syndrome is rampant in our field. It's the reason a lot of people drop out or don't even get into it. You're far from the only person who feels this way.

Interviews and conversations online may lead you to feel like you need to beat yourself into reading books on operating systems or some other specific sub- field, but a sincere interest in things like garbage collection isn't the only path to success. Algorithms comes up a lot because it's easier to filter for people who know the topic well, but those people have gaps in their abilities, too. Those topics aren't more important than things like domain knowledge or writing maintainable code, they just aren't always as easy to recognize, test for, or brag about.

Sure it's good to learn them, but learn them when you have some motivation to - start writing a game and _then_ read about path-finding. Learn RegEx out of an interest in shortening some code at work. Turning learning into hard work by forcing yourself to learn about things that don't interest you is just going to make learning more difficult. What's important is just that you learn _something_ \- so relax and do something fun.

</comment><comment><USER59> I can't say don't go back to get a degree, but I can speak from my own experience that I learned more in my first 1-2 years working than I did taking classes. CS is very centered around academia and the science of computing, not how to program and get things done.

You forget stuff too eh? Here's a simple solution that I think everybody should do, not just you. Take notes on what you do. Keep a little recipe book of things you've had to look up and figure out. At least you might recognize that you've seen the problem before and have solved it, then you can just go to your own reference to refresh your memory. If you're diligent you'll get a great resource in the end. Make sure if you do this to back it up.

Honestly, it sounds to me you read HN too much. There's a lot of shit on here about what everybody thinks makes a decent programmer and it can make anybody feel that they don't have skillz. Take it with a grain of salt. If you like what you do, you're always interested in learning more and you realize you don't know it all(this obviously is the exact opposite of your problem) then that's enough.

So learn about compilers and discrete math, and FFT, etc, if only to give yourself some familiarity with them for future reference. But please don't force yourself to learn about all of that unless you've got a keen interest, and learning about each subject is the goal rather than a chore that's in your way of being a "good" programmer. Learn what you need when you need it or you're liable to burn yourself out.

I too am sorry to hear about your dad.

Whatever you might think about you being a "cargo cult" programmer you sound like a good guy. Good luck!

</comment><comment><USER60> There are some EXCELLENT and FREE lecture videos from Stanford, MIT, Berkley, and other universities available on iTunes U about Operating Systems, Algorithms, and Data Structures. Each sessions is about 1 to 2 hours. So if you do things step by step, it should be possible to watch 2 lectures per week, 1 course per 2 or 3 months.

Here are the links:

Operating Systems and System Programming: [http://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcas...](http://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?id=354818821)

Introduction to Algorithms: [http://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcas...](http://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?id=341597754)

Data Structures: [http://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcas...](http://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?id=354818648)

There are other series available on iTunes U as well, but don't worry, relax, do it step by step and then you might want to have a look at the rest of the series too.

<comment><USER61> you can also find lots of free lecture videos with free access. <http://www.freelecturevideos.com> is one of those sites I have run into that features lectures of all kinds.

</comment></comment><comment><USER62> If you want to be a hacker, learn like a hacker. Build something you have no idea how to build, then when it sucks figure out why and either rebuild it or go find a new project that's more interesting/challenging.

At some point you'll be able to get a job helping people who haven't been building stuff as long as you to avoid mistakes you've already made.

</comment><comment><USER63> I forget shit all of the time related to programming. I then started a blog that just documented snippets to accomplish various tasks in various languages that I use. This way if I forget, and I do all of the time, I can refer to my blog. Double bonus: Google indexes the content and people come by to give alternative suggestions. Win-win.

Good luck.

</comment><comment><USER64> Have you ever stuggled with any programming task you have been assigned by your employers?

My history sounds a bit like yours (minus the family tradgedies). I am a self- taught programmer in my mid 30s, who for years, had only the sketchiest knowledge of advanced algorithims and data structures, but I could make-shit- happen(tm) for my employers regardless. Hell, some of them even thought I was genius, when I _knew_ I was a fraud.

A friend of mine, who I consider to be a 'real' software genius , once told me "Relax, eveyone is a fraud".

She was right.

Being successful doesn't seem to have much to do with how many linux commands you can remember, or if you can write code for a threadsafe linked list on paper. Past projects and a github account that can be checked out by employers are more important.

I used to get really anxious about not having not any teriary qualifications or certificates at all, but it turns out most people who _do_ have them are crap anyway.

</comment><comment><USER65> What does Cargo Cult programmer mean, anyway? Do you leave comments in your code pleading "John Fromm fix this!"?

<comment><AUTHOR> lol not really, but I do find myself using a Java hashmaps and not knowing how hashing works, using a regex that was copied and pasted from google without understanding what it does, programming in java and not knowing how the GC algorithms work, or working with threads and not knowing the basics of OS schedulers, programming and not being proficient with bitwsie opperations... and the list goes on, at least that is my interpretation of a cargo cult "java" programmer.

</comment></comment><comment><USER66> Cargo cult programming means copy and pasting code from examples and tutorials, often with a false or without deeper understanding of the code copied.

The first remedy against that is to understand the stuff you have been copying. That alone elevates you from cargo cult programmer to a copy and paste programmer. Now you need to understand why copy and pasting is a bad way to program and how to structure your code so it is better.

This is a totally different thing from learning nifty algorithms of people being far cleverer than you are. As someone else already said, you can go a complete programming career with happy coworkers and customers and never really go deep into algorithms. Learning and practicing good software engineering practice will help you more than abstract CS concepts.

</comment><comment><USER67> _Eventually I plan on going back to a real University and getting a CS degree_

Here's a shortcut to going to a real university. Go to the courses' websites, read the lectures and do the homeworks. If you can find a course where lectures have been recorded (video, or even audio), so much the better. Chances are you'll find this approach easier to follow and stick with than working through a book. These lectures have been specifically designed to feed students knowledge in 45-90 minute chunks, and assignments have been designed to reinforce the lectures contents without overwhelming the students. I'm partial to CMU CS course structure, which basically is:

1\. Intro to programming (basic Java/C++ course: principles and syntax)

2\. Intro to Data Structures and Algorithms (some theory, mostly programming in imperative languages -- C++ or Java)

3\. Advanced Data Structures and Algorithms (more theory, but mostly programming in functional languages -- ML)

4\. Systems level programming (systems concepts -- memory, cache, page tables, etc; programming -- C and assembly)

5\. Algorithms (CS theory, almost no coding)

I think you can safely skip 1 and 4, and even 3, to get CS fundamentals that would carry you far in enterprise-level programming world.

Here are materials you could start using immediately:

Data/Algo 1:

lectures: [http://www.andrew.cmu.edu/course/15-200/s06/index/lecture_in...](http://www.andrew.cmu.edu/course/15-200/s06/index/lecture_index.html)

assignments: <http://www.andrew.cmu.edu/course/15-211/hw.html>

Data/Algo 2:

lectures: <http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~me/212/schedule.html>

assignments: <http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~me/212/assignments.html>

Algorithms

assignments, tests and lectures: <http://www.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs/academic/class/15451-s10/www/>

_And finally trying to memorise all those linux commands I ALWAYS forget._

Make a Linux box your primary computer at home (if you aren't allowed to do it at work). You'll be surprised how quickly you'll memorize them.

</comment><comment><USER68> It may be too late for this to be seen, but there's another point I expected to see somewhere on here that should be said.

Read other people's code. Find small pieces of software that do the kind of thing you would want to do that are written by people you know are talented and see how all the parts fit together. Maybe there's one at your job, or a well-polished but small open source project.

Run it through a call graph generator. See what they encapsulated and what they didn't. Look at any unit tests, if they're there. Most of the real software that I've looked at is much more about knowing how to lay out logic than it is about particularly advanced algorithms.

Algorithms are certainly good to know, but there's a reason why computer science and software engineering have two different names.

</comment><comment><USER69> I think you are going about it wrong. Find things to solve that you are excited to solve, rather than 'improving yourself'. I mean make games, puzzles, stupid shit - whatever seems fun to program. Do it enough, and you will start having to stretch your skills.

</comment><comment><USER70> You might find "The Elements of Computing Systems: Building a Modern Computer from First Principles" interesting. It is broad, it covers pretty much everything you mention wishing to know, but somewhat shallow (It is only 350 pages after all.) So far it has hit on the somewhat less rigorous side, so it would probably be a good fit for someone who thinks they lack mathematical maturity.

 _I just don't want to be a cargo cult programmer anymore_ Then don't be. The main thing to do is Practice (note: work isn't practice.) Basically build something, but at every step of the way try different approaches and measure the results of what happened. Every step of the way look for ways to improve what you do.

<comment><AUTHOR> Yes! thanks for mentioning that book I forgot about it but I plan on getting to it eventually, there's just so many things to learn, so many books...sometimes I feel overwhelmed.

Thanks.

</comment></comment><comment><USER71> "... bad at problem solving ... really not smart ... slow, forgetful, concepts never seem to stick, ..."

So you don't know everything, and you realize it. The people who are the most stupid are those who are certain that they know everything that matters. So you're not stupid.

You want to better yourself. Again, that's good. You're motivated.

You mention some subjects you wish to learn more about. I'd ask for advice on which books are best. Buy those books and skim through them. Keep the book(s) nearby; when you get into something that you need to know more about, crack the book open and read the section. That way you can implement it as you read about it, and you'll understand it far better.

</comment><comment><USER72> Mentioning Discrete Math brought back some memories. I always felt it was unnecessary until a project required me to use math. It was trivial, high school level math but regardless, sometimes that's all it takes for the arrogant student to realize Discrete Math has its merits.

I can't offer any valuable expert advice since most of my programming skills involve stitching existing tools together with very little in the way of actual programming. Sometimes though I fall into a project that makes me genuinely passionate about programming and all my self doubts are erased.

From one cargo cult programmer to another, good luck.

</comment><comment><USER73> so far in this thread, there isn't a single post belittling the OP; almost everyone has immediately stated "you're not stupid". i think that's probably the most encouraging thing i've seen all week.

</comment><comment><USER74> Briefly:

You have the most important problem solving skill of all (and one of the rarer): recognition of your own limitations.

<http://norvig.com/21-days.html>

(Hopefully more later if I think of more)

Addendum: I don't feel like it's as important to take classes in computer science. More important is to take classes in math, because math is a lot harder to teach yourself.

Once you learn a little math (say discrete, number theory, and linear algebra), I think you will probably have the mental toolset to think scientifically and learn a lot of the computer science on your own.

A basic class in data structures and algorithms might be nice because it will give you homework and fill in some gaps you might have from teaching yourself, but after that, computer science learning _can_ be largely self directed. Automata is a really nice class to have if you can find it, because it ties in with the math, but it's not necessary for most industry programming.

I never took classes in optimal search algorithms, computer vision, or statistical programming, but I've done work in each of these three things. I taught myself as much game programming, graphics and user interface stuff as I learned in classes. I had classes in compilers, languages, automata, AI, robotics... these were all great, and not things I could easily have taught myself, but they were also specialized, and haven't been so directly relevant afterwards.

Linux is all experience; I haven't been on the job long, and I'm still learning it. Earlier this week I found out that I was running some of our servers to max CPU usage because I left greps running on them (didn't know the difference between suspending a process and putting it in the background)!

Quitting is also totally cool if you can manage it. I used to be a graduate mathematician. It was very hard to figure out that this wasn't what I was supposed to be doing with my life... but figuring it out and leaving was the best thing I ever did. I would have been very unhappy. Now I'm happy! I was also extremely fortunate to have a father who was happy to support me switching fields. Your post reminds me how important that was, and makes me grateful enough that I think I should go call him.

Good luck, and... uh...  a hug.

<comment><USER74> PS If you don't live in an area with good schools that let you take classes on the side, the best thing you can do is move to such an area.

</comment></comment><comment><USER75> You are not doing that bad. It took me a lot of time to discover that about everything I've written so far is not something I'd write today.

[http://consultuning.blogspot.com/2010/10/this-code-is- crap.h...](http://consultuning.blogspot.com/2010/10/this-code-is-crap.html)

Then I realized that realizing that you're not that good is the first step towards becoming really good.

</comment><comment><USER76> For algorithms, have fun on TopCoder. Work problems from past competitions, read the writeups, figure out how to solve new problems, and have fun competing. Competing at a high level requires a lot of extraneous skills you aren't interested in, but if you just concentrate on solving the problems, you'll learn all you need to know about algorithms.

</comment><comment><USER77> Try TopCoder. Three problems in an hour. The easy problems are sufficiently easy that I guarantee you'll be able to do at least one or two of them, so you won't feel like an idiot, and spending time thinking about the harder problems will ignite your curiosity about how you could have done them, giving you a perfect push to learn new algorithms.

</comment><comment><USER78> Keep at it - if you keep reading books and learning, you _will_ get better, even if at the time it feels as if you're not making any progress.

You'll work and work, and it seems as if you're getting nowhere, then suddenly one day you'll wake up and you'll look back and realize, "Wow, I really have come a long way from where I started"

</comment><comment><USER79> Firstly I'd say don't get down about it, my guess is that over a certain level (which you are no doubt at) IQ correlates poorly with success.

What are your soft skills (social, sales etc) like? There is a real sweet spot for people that can span both worlds. That role is a lot of fun too.

<comment><AUTHOR> Thanks for your words.

Sadly I have really bad social skills.

</comment></comment><comment><USER18> > I'm still not decided whether I should learn Ruby on rails or python or Lisp

If you're interested in learning new stuff and building web apps, you might want to look at Groovy and Grails, because Groovy would be easier to learn for someone with a Java background.

</comment><comment><USER80> Don't go back to school for CS, go back to school for mathematics and take a CS minor, concentrating in the algorithms and data structures that you are interested in. You might learn more Unix hanging around physicists anyway..

</comment><comment><USER81> To be good at programming, you first have to enjoy it.

Try contributing to an open source project, and make a few friends in the FOSS community. Treat it as an art. You'll be good at it and happy eventually.

</comment><comment><USER82> Figure out what you're trying to do, convince yourself of why you're doing it and then figure out a way to do it. Consider everything else a distraction.

</comment><comment><USER83> you could be a great programmer, just need a better teacher. The fact that you are here and asking this is reflective of some intelligence. You don't need to be an A++ programmer - I am not - not every employee at Google is a hacker.

</comment><comment><USER84> Thats what "enterprise" programming does to a man, you either hit the bottle or GTFO.

</comment><comment> wh-uws Read this [http://www.andrewmunn.com/2011/01/how-to-land-an- internship-...](http://www.andrewmunn.com/2011/01/how-to-land-an-internship- at-a-top-tier-software-company/)

about halfway through there is a list of common things even the toughest interviewers in the industry ask about. Read about all of those just to get a good overview. He just talks about interships but those skills will get you fulltime also. Trust me a bunch of people would love to have that guy full time.

Second you have to read yegge. [http://steve-yegge.blogspot.com/2008/03/get- that-job-at-goog...](http://steve-yegge.blogspot.com/2008/03/get-that-job-at- google.html)

He'll help you fill out most of the rest of what you need to know but most importantly teach you about a subject that will make you feel alot better about what you feel like you don't know. The interview Anti-Loop. Basically two interviewers at a large enough company could interview each other and no- hire each other because of the questions they would ask in an interview but are only there because a third that has different interests interviewed both of them.

Now you've got the basics of what you need to learn more about which is largely data structures and algorithms.

Now you're ready to do some functional programming. learn some lisp. I happen to be reading the excellent Land of Lisp book myself now and recommend that also their is <http://learnyouahaskell.com/starting-out>. I'm sure there are other free online resources other guys here will point out also

Now you can get into Norvig and SICP and go even deeper.

"Teach Yourself Programming in Ten Years" <http://norvig.com/21-days.html>

"Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs" <http://mitpress.mit.edu/sicp/full-text/book/book.html>

I didn't start with them because Norvig starts out discouraging you ,not that he isn't right about how it will take time to improve just that you will be amazed at how fast you can move when you really want it, and SICP can be really daunting if you start with it.

Also there is a great well of books and tutorials online about all the things you want to learn. Compliers to the cormen book you mentioned. The fact that you tried with that book means you are on the right track and you will get it.

Also I can't forget <http://www.topcoder.com/> <http://projecteuler.net/>

and newcomer <http://www.coderloop.com/>

Those sites are places to hone your skills by working on coding problems. The biggest thing you have to do is pick some topics/ problems _you_ are interested in and CODE.

You'll be surprise how far you get and how fast you can get there.

<comment><USER47> Good suggestions. One addition: You should learn Lisp eventually for the macros. But for your first introduction to functional programming (or computing in general, if you have a mathematical bent) choose something pure like Haskell or Clean. They won't muddy the waters with side-effects, or let you escape into assignments.

</comment></comment><comment><USER85> jrookie, I hear you. Except for the pain of losing your father -- which I have been lucky enough to avoid, and I am so sorry for your loss -- I have felt all of what you're feeling.

Mostly, I've felt it because I've (been lucky enough to and / or made it a point to) work with really talented programmers, people who were better than me. That is great for learning and very hard on the ego. Look at the people you're working with and ask yourself if they are ALL super geniuses, or if maybe some of them are simply more experienced and / or had the luxury of being able to focus more on their studies while at school instead of having to work and deal with the grief of losing a parent.

As to feeling like you're slow to debug and problem solve and whatever...don't. If you have the brains and the persistence to have made it this far as a programmer, it's very unlikely that you're actually dumb. What you ARE, self-admittedly, is inexperienced and under-educated. It is experience, not brilliance, that makes people fast at debugging: when you've seen similar problems before, when you have an array of exploratory / testing techniques that have worked for you in the past, then you too will be fast and all the younger programmers will look up at you and go "damn, I wish I could be as inventive as that guy."

Here's my best advice for you right now: stop focusing on learning for a while and focus on having fun. If you find that you enjoy programming, everything else will start to come easily. Here are some specifics on how to implement that:

1) Start a notes file where you jot down anything that seems interesting.

2) Follow your instincts; whatever you stumble on that seems interesting, do a bit of googling and read up on it.

3) Reading is good, but coding is God. If you don't write actual working code for something, don't imagine that you have learned it.

4) Don't push. Whenever you get bored or frustrated with something, put it down for a while. Go read about something else in your notes file. Or watch TV. Or take a walk. Or whatever you feel like doing at that moment. Give yourself permission to not be perfect; you'll find it amazingly liberating.

5) Take care of your body. This one sounds silly, but it makes a huge difference. Sleep enough and eat right. Tired programmers are stupid programmers and anyone who tells you otherwise is lying. The myths of super- productive 40-hour coding runs powered by Jolt and Cheetos are just that -- myths.

6) Definitely find a project, and do it in a new language. Choose a dynamic language for now; you can go back and learn the C/C++ memory management stuff later. Ruby or Python would be good choices, as they are highly employable languages that are used in both enterprise and startups. node.js would be another good choice, but is not yet as employable. If you want a suggestion for a project: pick a website that you like (ideally one with a public API) and write something that pulls down data from that site and stores it to a database.</comment>