text:
- Feyisayo Anjorin
- Johannesburg
- South Africa
Freelance Director, Afro-Carribean Media Group
This conversation is closed.
Is a Fetus a Person?
The debate over whether abortion should be considered as murder often focuses on the question of whether the fetus is a person or not.
Here the issue of culture and religion comes in.
But what does it take to identify a fetus as a person? There are thinkers today with the belief that a fetus can be called a human being, but should not be called a person because it takes more to be a person than just having genetic material.
Philosopher Mary Ann Warren argues that in order to be considered a person, a being should have the following characteristics:
1. A developed capacity for reasoning.
2. Self awareness
3.Consciousness and ability to feel pain
4. Self motivated activity
5. Capacity to comminicate messages of an indefinite variety of types.
It would seem as if even new born babies may not be considered as persons according to the aforementioned school of thought.
No doubt infanticide has always got widespread condemnation, but abortion has always been a controversial issue.
So, what do you think? Is a fetus a person?
Oct 10 2012: This question and debate could go on and on, depending on what a person's particular perceptions and religious beliefs are. Abortion was legalized to facilitate more safety for women and young girls who are pregnant, many times without their consent. Whether one believes that the developing fetus is a person or not, we KNOW that the woman or young girl carrying the fetus IS indeed a person who has rights regarding how her body will be used.
Thankfully, I have never had to make the choices involved with considering abortion, nor have any of the men who have commented on this thread. I have, however, interacted with many very young girls as I volunteered in the shelter. It is not an easy decision to make, nor is it made any easier with the contradictory, hypocritical "advice" of religiously oriented people in the girls life. It is not unusual for the "christian" father of the pregnant girl to also be the father of the developing fetus, and as a "good christian" he forces the young girl to carry the pregnancy to term because he follows his churches teachings, which are against abortion. All circumstances need to be evaluated, and the girl/woman who carries the developing fetus has a choice.
Abortion has been a practice since the beginning of humankind. It has been done with herbal remedies, sticks, wires, various tools, implements, proceedures often practiced in the back alley by someone who doesn't know what he is doing, and using unsterile instruments...women and young girls performed their own abortions. Many women and girls were severely maimed and died from these practices that were not safe. That is why it was legalized....for the protection and safety of the woman/girl who WE KNOW is a person.....a person who has rights regarding how her body will be used.
Abortion is not ever going away, so those who want to continue to dominate, control and oppress women may as well get used to it, rather than continuing this fruitless argument.
Oct 10 2012: Great post Colleen but I did want to point out a little detail. The question is about whether or not a fetus is a person. That has brought out the anti-abortionists you are correct. But you seemed to go from A to Z without so much as a wave :)
Do you think a fetus is a person?
Of course you don't have to answer but I am curious.
Oct 10 2012: My dear Linda, is a seed a plant, an egg a bird? What do you think?
Isn't one the expression of the other to represent life for any time being.
Oct 10 2012: Oh Mr. Kellner, I have posted it so often in this discussion it is wearisome. In response to Mr Grudzinski, Mr. Long, Ms. Gu, Ms. Lover, Mr. Ryan...
No a fetus is not a person. I go into some detail with Ms. Gu on the history, philosophical underpinnings and legal definition of person and why a fetus is not a person. I discuss how in the US a person has rights under the constitution and how children and fetuses (feti?) have no rights and why. How the law in the US defines a person what it is what it is not and what it means.
In the US person has a legal definition and the common definition does not apply.
http://www.duhaime.org/LegalDictionary/P/Person.aspxOct 10 2012: I am aware of the question Linda...
"Is a Fetus a Person?The debate over whether abortion should be considered as murder often focuses on the question of whether the fetus is a person or not".
I do not know for sure Linda. You have provided adequate substantiated information to show that a developing fetus is not considered a person by law. What I DO know, is the woman or young girl carrying the fetus in her body IS a person with rights.
Oct 10 2012: Woo Hoo! I do not know either. I really do not care. The only thing that actually affects my rights and the rights of every other woman is the law so I have to follow that definition. I also know that the woman can make decisions and has rights so I will defend that no mater what a fetus is or what anyone tries to tell me it is. I understand all potential definitions and believe none of them (I mean take it as my own). And have to follow the one defined by law.Oct 10 2012: Linda,
I also defend the rights of women, and I am aware of the laws and definitions. That's why I said in my first comment..."This question and debate could go on and on, depending on what a person's particular perceptions and religious beliefs are....Abortion is not ever going away, so those who want to continue to dominate, control and oppress women may as well get used to it, rather than continuing this fruitless argument".
Abortion is going to be a continuing practice, as it has been since the beginning of humankind, whether or not it is legal. I prefer to see it a practice that is safe. No one has the right to dictate to another human being how her body will be used.
Elizabeth Gu
Oct 12 2012: My dear Colleen(I wish I could reply to you right under your reply, but your reply is the third one, so I couldn't) I'm glad that you respond to my comment below except for one thing that you might not have read my whole comments there. I thought you did right after I received an email from TED--as you always did. It's also a bit tiresome to explain what I am trying to say especially to Ms(or Mrs).Taylor. "Do we continue to abuse her rights by demanding that she carry a pregnancy to full term?" Why do we do that? I am not in the position of arguing 'veto' to abortion laws. My quote:"For that 8yrs young girl--as you say, who "lacks the capability to understand it", adults have to help her make an appropriate decision, sometimes by legal force" implies we shouldn't prohibit having abortions especially to this child. Please, my friend, if you pay more attention to my comments there you wouldn't misunderstand.
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Here, in Korea, lots of women including children have been being raped by some devils as well. The youngest victim I've heard was 6yrs old. I cried when I heard a news. However often it may be, it is 'extreme', or should I use other word, 'shocking'. Some people might not show any emotional support or sympathy to those raped victims, but to me, it is humiliating to the victims and indeed shocking—whether you agree with this part or not. One thing I agree with you is that children have rights. I think someone doesn't get what kind of right I'm talking about here. Children deserve to be respected and to be allowed to maintain their lives just like adults as they are all human beings with dignity. Just like your comment, neither do I care about whether women use their bodies whatever they want. Whether tattooing on her body, getting her hair cut, having sexual relationships with her boyfriend...
(Running out of characters....:) )
Oct 12 2012: Hi Elizabeth,
I read all of your comments before I responded, which I usually do to get a feel for where you are coming from with comments.
I think you are getting my comments mixed up with Linda's...in your comment above. the statement..."lacks the capability to understand...." for example, is Linda's, not mine. So, I do not think I misunderstand you.
I did apparently misunderstand your use of the word "extreme", and now understand that you meant "shocking"....thanks for clarifying, and I agree. I also agree that all human beings have rights.
Oct 12 2012: Oh, don't get me wrong, Colleen, btw :) I have no intention to mix up your comment with Ms(or Mrs) Taylor's.
That quote part here
"For that 8yrs young girl--as you say, who "lacks the capability to understand it", adults have to help her make an appropriate decision, sometimes by legal force."
From "For" to "force" is from my comment and the sub-quote(so to speak) is from Ms(or Mrs)Taylor's. In previous comment to Ms(or Mrs)Taylor's, I mentioned "as you say" to her to contain her quote by using this "" by using quotation marks.
My response to your quote was: "Do we continue to abuse her rights by demanding that she carry a pregnancy to full term?" Why do we do that? I am not in the position of arguing 'veto' to abortion laws.
My reply there shows it.
You know, just so we're clear. :) no worries.Oct 12 2012: Colleen is correct about "lacks the capability to understand." I posted that information.
http://www.ted.com/talks/sarah_jayne_blakemore_the_mysterious_workings_of_the_adolescent_brain.htmlOct 12 2012: Elizabeth,
I did not perceive you to mix comments up intentionally. It looked like you were crediting me with something Linda said. It becomes confusing sometimes when we use quotes and sub-quotes, etc. Best to keep communications as clear and simple as possible. You advised me to pay more attention to your comments, which I think I do.
Just so we're clear...no worries:>)Oct 12 2012: But it is my concern when people treat fetuses as to having abortions some kind of part of their hairs with no respect. It's killing a live life. She can feel its heart beat when her fetus is growing in her belly. Government shouldn't take away women's rights to choose, but should we really close our eyes in front of those little lives? Why not giving it a thought? Fetuses aren't enemies of human rights. And when this sentence makes conflicts between women's rights and fetuses rights, usually the latter is weak; therefore, if someone says like, "shouldn't we consider their lives also?" SOME people with the former part overreact as if it's a black and white issue. And it goes like, "How dare you to ask governments to deprive women's rights to do whatever they want even if that means they could kill their fetuses whenever they want? You're asking them to deprive human rights." Then, again, it takes too much of a time to explain what he feels about this issue and corrects their misconception about his remarks just like me. Why not encourage women to use contraception instead of having abortions in the first place? And again, by 'extreme' and 'raped' I mean, also indicating this case. Quite often raped kids and women aren't able to (or fail to) use birth control drugs inevitably. If you still say that we shouldn't force women to carry their pregnancy against their free will to me, then it all goes endless repetitive arguments. That's why I mentioned I HATE DIVISIVE WAY OF DEALING WITH this issue.
Are some people that selfish to give it a concern about value of a life? Are all our hopes ultimately dependent on 'new technologies' that would eventually solve this dilemma: While respecting women's rights to decide to do, we can save fetuses via transplant or other methods?
(Again, cont: )
Oct 12 2012: In my experience Elizabeth, regardless of a person's beliefs about what a fetus is, or is not, I have never seen a person take the question of abortion lightly. People considering abortion generally give it a great deal of thought and consider all relevant information. There is generally counceling services offered in women's health clinics, shelters, family centers and any other organization that might deal with women and young girls facing the decision.
I agree with you that many people perceive the issue as black and white, and fail to understand that there are many different factors considered when facing the challenging decision. That is why I am in favor of women having the right of choice, which the law protects and supports.
I agree that encouraging women to use contraception is a better choice, which is offered in women's clinics, family centers, medical facilities, etc., along with education. You are right...many women and young kids are not using birth control because they do not anticipate being raped.
I do not believe we should "force" women to carry a pregnancy to term...I believe that women have a choice, and that is what the law provides. The issue does not have to be divisive , and the only thing that makes it so, is people trying to impose THEIR beliefs on women. Women have the right to choose how their body will be used, and many women will choose abortion whether it is legal or not. I prefer to have the proceedure done in safe environments, with medical professionals, rather than in the many unsafe ways it was done in the past.
Elizabeth Gu
Oct 12 2012: "The issue does not have to be divisive, and the only thing that makes it so, is people trying to impose THEIR beliefs on women." yeah, Colleen, especially when some people impose their cultural or religious or political beliefs on women without an effort to convince them with reasonable explanations. That's why we should also value reasons in some way. On the contrary, when others raise a question to women such as "Isn't it also important to consider fetuses' lives to be worthy of living?", the answers at least shouldn't just be defensive. Because asking women to think about Albert Schweitzer's notion of 'Reverence for life' is not imposing some beliefs on them. Btw, it just reminds me of your old comments when we were having amusing conversation about whether personality matters(remember? lol ), "many adults do not know themselves well, and are often acting/reacting with a "knee jerk" reaction (are you familier with that term?) based on past experiences", "The more information we are open to, the more possibilities we have to learn and grow. If we are open minded/open hearted, curious, and genuinely exploring the life experience, we may be taking in new information all the time, and providing ourselves with more possibilities." I believe your old quotes are relevant to this issue and debate going on here as well. Just like you and I agree with the idea that 'black and white' way of views are not fruitful, we, quite most people are getting more defensive toward opposition part. Some people are extremely opposite, and in that case, they usually don't make any sense. Even if we are granted rights to have abortions whenever we want, we shouldn't stop thinking—by thinking I mean, using our reasons for pursuing "truth" or should I say, justice?(doesn't need to be that profound..). Fetuses aren't defined as persons, but they are alive with beating heart and little body in their moms' bellies. (oops, seems like it'd be long replies again lol)Oct 12 2012: Even for women who choose to have abortions, it would be a quite important decision which needs to be made very carefully—including receiving counseling or taking wise experts' advice, etc. Why should they be careful? Because even though they have quite reasonable grounds on having abortions, the fact that this is the least worst options she has now, and the fact that still, there's no perfect way that can save both mom and fetus while not making this inevitable choice make them uneasy or even guilty(not all people). Respecting the idea of reverence for life is not some personal belief, I think. It is part of philosophy which people should take account of when they make this kind of decisions. Merely justifying themselves is not the answer for both parties in this issue. "many women will choose abortion whether it is legal or not. I prefer to have the proceedure done in safe environments, with medical professionals, rather than in the many unsafe ways it was done in the past." Yeah, this part is the one thing I very agree with for now. Besides, it is the main reason why I think a government shouldn't prohibit abortions. Considering reality and practicality are also very crucial, particularly in politics. But when those are the only things prevailing among people, and provided that people don't try to give it a bit of a thought of what's moral, what should be the priority and what we should pursue, it becomes much more harder to make productive atmosphere in a debate. When it is majority of people versus minority of people, most of results are mocks and sarcasm. That's it. No more open debate as if there has been just one or the other answer. They don't try to think more. They just get used to sticking to their rooted thought without critical and deeper thinking.
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Thanks for your reply, Colleen :)
Always a pleasure.Oct 12 2012: Yes Elizabeth, I remember the conversation about whether personality matters. Thanks Elizabeth, I also believe my old quotes are relevant to this issue and debate as well....actually, I believe the quote you pulled up is relevant to almost any situation:>)
Thank you Elizabeth....always a pleasure for me as well:>)Oct 12 2012: One thing that really bothers me is when people just undermine their conversation partner's claim with lack of understanding of what he argues. Yup, some prejudices(gender, age, race, etc) may possibly be one of factors.
It'd almost sound like the broken record. And I guess that's where the debate goes in vain, that is, "fruitless(from your quote)" ?
Regards, my friend.
P.S. Don't be surprised by the fact that my replies are quite long, whew~ :)
Oct 12 2012: I agree Elizabeth, that any conversation is not productive when people are in a circular argument which seems to be "black and white", as you said in a previous comment. And yes, that is why I said this conversation could go on and on....fruitless....if people are not listening to. and considering new information. I am not surprised by your long replies my friend:>)Oct 11 2012: Not yet a person, but a human being. Because, person is a human being with a personality.
Fetus is Fast Evolving True Universal Species.
Oct 11 2012: :)Oct 8 2012: "Pro-life/pro-choice" is a false dichotomy. True dichotomies are "pro-life/pro-death" and "pro-choice/pro-force". Abortion debate is not about "pro-life/pro-death". It's about "pro-choice/pro-force".
We all need to develop our capacity for reasoning, ability to feel pain, and capacity to communicate to stop killing each other.
Oct 8 2012: Politics is the domain of word twisters: form over substance. The same minds that thought up the term "pro-life" thought up the terms "family values" and "un-American" (or un-British, un-Australian, etc...), they are pathetic distractions created by those who have no logical arguments to fall back on.
Oct 8 2012: Exactly. Some spin doctor came up with that garbage. I agree it is all about pro-choice or pro-force.Oct 8 2012: I agree that "family values", "un-American", etc. are meaningless buzz-words. I disagree with stereotyping people and making broad emotional judgments. We are all pathetic and illogical in many ways :-).Oct 8 2012: This ignores the mother.
Are you saying a woman has no reproductive rights.
Are you saying once a woman is pregnant she has no say at all.
You can not frame an argument about pregnancy and ignore the mother.
Oct 9 2012: If you read thread of replies on my post right below, I have commented on rights there. Pregnancy is all about the mother... and the fetus... (there is no pregnancy without a fetus either, is there?) But I agree, abortion issue is ALL about the mother. It must be her decision and her alone. The fetus does not make any decisions.
God or evolution, when a mother feels safe, calm, happy, secure, comfortable, supported, etc., she will always make the right decision. Fear, anger, pressure, anxiety, threats, despair, feeling abused, insecure, etc. is the problem. The solution to the problem is purely emotional, not logical, not political, not religious - a little kindness to each other, and we will do just fine :-).
Oct 9 2012: Thanks AGOct 9 2012: I think it comes down womens right to control what happens to their body versus fetus.
Oct 9 2012: Pregnant women do not control what happens to their bodies :-) They should be able control what is being done to their bodies.
It all comes down to love. When love is present, the question of rights does not even come up. All this stuff comes up when love is overshadowed by the other things I mentioned. It all comes down to the woman's emotional and physical well-being. I think, this is the only issue to focus on. The other issues don't really matter.
Linda Taylor
Oct 7 2012: In the US, the fetal debate centers on when "life" begins. Typically this is called being. There are three major points of debate.
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1. Conception
2. At heartbeat development
3. Point of viability
There are many others and different subcategories but those are the main ones.
The conception model looks at a fertilized egg and cellular division as the beginning of life. While still just a cluster of cells, it has the potential of becoming a human and is therefore defined by many as "life." But for me, cancer is a bunch of rapidly dividing human cells and nobody gets all bent out of shape when that is removed.
The fetal heart begins to beat around week 8 or 9. Those who feel there is an attachment between heart and soul typically feel that is when a bunch of cells crosses into being.
The point of viability is where the fetus has a chance of living separate from the mother. This has changed over the years as technology has advanced and we can keep a fetus alive outside the mother earlier and earlier. But the long term ramifications of the application of technology have yet to be fully realized.
But no one considers a fetus or an infant or even a young child a person. In the legal and philosophical realm, a person is typically considered to have agency, or the ability to make decisions. That is why Ms. Warner suggests those parameters. It sets up the foundation for her philosophical discussion. Each philosopher will do something similar when discussing person. It has changed over the centuries, for instance, women are now considered persons.
Oct 7 2012: Thanks Linda.Oct 7 2012: Yes a fertilized egg is a cluster of cells and so is cancer, but does cancer have the potential of becoming human?
Oct 7 2012: Good question. Perhaps yes. Theoretically all human cells have human DNA so what distinguishes the parallel? If cancer cells have the same DNA as fetal cells what is the difference? Both feed off the host and cannot survive without it. Both can kill the host. Both rely on the host for nutrition, respiration, excretion, growth and development. Both will derive what it needs from the host whether or not the host ingests it. Think about it.
Cancer is human.
Oct 7 2012: "Both rely on the host for nutrition, respiration, excretion, growth and development. "
That reminds me of another article: http://freethoughtblogs.com/pharyngula/2011/12/21/why-do-women-menstruate/
Thinking of the fetus as a parasite does explain some of the things happening in nature.Oct 7 2012: That's impressive. Would you have a guess at what the odds would be of cancer forming a fully fledged human (arms, legs, etc.) verses the fertilized egg?Oct 7 2012: @ John
" pro-choice is a pro-woman strategy, anti-abortion is a pro-man position." Wow interesting article!Oct 7 2012: @ Sterling Theoretically, if we could figure out the technology any human cell could potentially become a 'fully fledged human.' I do think that this will someday become a reality. If not in the US, it will develop in some other country that is not as conflicted about life.
Oct 7 2012: So are you saying cancer could never become a 'fully fledged human' on its own then?Oct 7 2012: In all honesty, I really don't know. Cancer is usually hit with chemicals or radiation or surgically removed. If left untreated it will kill the host. But I am not sure if it would develop into a self-sustaining organism if it did not kill the host. Only that it has the potential to.
Hmm. There's that word potential again.
Oct 7 2012: At the risk of going awfully off-topic, I'll answer that question.
In a strict sense, animal cells are never self-sustaining (or primary producers or autotrophs). They need something else to make "food" for them. However, used in a looser sense, the HeLa cells that I mentioned earlier *are* self-sustaining. Given "food", they'll grow and reproduce indefinitely. The HeLa cancer cells are not unique in this: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immortalised_cell_line.
There is an infectious cancer that's killing off Tasmanian Devils which is, again, caused by such a self-sustaining cancer cell: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devil_facial_tumour_disease
So, the answer for Linda Taylor: yes, *some* cancers will form a self-sustaining organism.
And the answer for Sterling Spencer: no, it it awfully unlikely to ever form a full-fledged human. Cancer cells have several mutations that can't be simply reversed or turned off. So, even if technology ever progresses far enough to clone a person from just his dandruff, we'll never be able to clone a person from their cancer cells without making many modifications to the DNA first.
John Frum
Oct 7 2012: "But for me, cancer is a bunch of rapidly dividing human cells and nobody gets all bent out of shape when that is removed."
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I agree with most things you say, except this. Of course, I wouldn't get all bent out of shape when cancer cells are removed. But nobody? Reference: http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/Henrietta-Lacks-Immortal-Cells.html scroll down to the question "How did they do that?" ;-)
The world is a weird place. But just to be clear: I agree with the essence of what you say.
Oct 7 2012: I had heard about this so thanks for the article. I heard about it when we were discussing ownership. For instance, who owns those cells? Has to do with informed consent to research. Another fine ethical discussion:)
Think about it. They could clone her at some point. So those cells could become a person some day. They better not kill any of them...
Peter Law
Oct 7 2012: ""At eight weeks, the intestines begin to form and teeth start growing under the gums. By the end of the "embryonic stage" ( this stage begins at week 4 during pregnancy), the embryo has developed joints and the beginning of the " irises ". Major organs have begun their development, as well as the CNS (central nervous system). This would be the end of the eighth week ( embryonic stage).""
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Seems to me the killing of these little people can only be justified by the need to save mum's life. We live in a strange world.
Oct 7 2012: Its a strange world indeed. But considering the fact that some thinkers believe that a fetus is a human being(even if not a person) dont you think this is a strong-enough arguement against abortion?
Elizabeth Gu
Oct 7 2012: Tell me about it. Fetus isn't valued high just because of this ridiculous law that it has no right to live and to be born if its mom decides to abandon it. It's a really serious problem we all should talk about intensely, but the fact that it's still unresolved (in a way that fetus can't be regarded as worthy of living) always troubles my mind. Btw, great question, Feyisayo.
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We should respect women's rights, but as for this matter that shows so many lives are at stake, I can't dare to say that it's okay to get rid of fetus anyway its mom wants.
As Peter says, "Seems to me the killing of these little people can only be justified by the need to save mum's life", only particular cases like this should be justified, indeed.
By fundamentally respecting women's rights, how can we save fetus's life?
Are both of desires nonetheless contradictory?
So sad..
Linda Taylor
Oct 7 2012: Fetuses do not have rights because they are NOT considered persons. They cannot make decisions. If you cannot make decisions, someone else has to make them for you. Children are not persons either which is why the courts can take over decision making for them if the parents cannot.
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So what you are talking about is taking away a right of a woman who DOES have rights because she is a PERSON and grant rights to something that is not a person. By what stretch of the imagination is that ethically correct?Oct 7 2012: @ Linda Taylor
How do we determine if a fetus can make decisions or not?Oct 7 2012: @ Spencer
The ability to make a decision develops over time. For instance, the law does not consider that a minor has the ability to make decisions so they are not allowed to sign a contract or sue someone without an 'agent.' This idea of an agent, or someone able to make a decision, and personhood goes back a long way. Varying philosophers and legal people have come to some consensus on what it takes to be a person with moral agency able to make decisions. Some criteria include the list by Ms. Warren above.
But what everyone agrees on is that decisions are based on the concepts of reason and agency. A fetus has neither of those.
http://www.duhaime.org/LegalDictionary/P/Person.aspxOct 7 2012: Interesting point about infanticide. I would argue, that I believe in Mary Ann Warrens definition, but that still makes infanticide murder, because all of those things begin at very late stages in the womb. They are simple mechanisms, but they still exist in the third trimester, the brain is formed and it is making movements, trying to communicate, kicking for example.
Personally, I go for brain development, and the ability to feel pain, as the line at when abortion should be considered a cruel act. I think that happens around month 7, but i'm no expert.
To me something that is not experiencing the world, cannot be murdered. Especially in light of recent studies which have found that for most women, an abortion doesn't stop a life from coming into the world, it just delays it, until that life has a more stable parent which can provide for it. I think in a small study once they even found no statistical difference in the number of children women have in their lifetime, after an abortion, but I would have to find it and read it again to be sure.
Abortion should however, remain societally discouraged as a last resort. The pill is healthier for most women, condoms are ideal. There is often talk of liberals being "for" abortion, because a small minority are, they see nothing wrong with it, even 3 or 4... That's as unhealthy for a womans body as a drug addiction... but very few people think that behavior is acceptable, most simply think prison might not help. Morally gray, legally, acceptable, in my humble opinion. So, emotionally, it's kinda a person. Legally, it's a fetus.
Oct 7 2012: I'm giving much thought to your view that "something that is not experiencing the world cannot be murdered".
What is your take on the view that abortion is the misuse of power by human beings over other human beings; that is, it is thought in some quarters that abortion is tantamount to denying a helpless being of a right to life and living.
Oct 8 2012: To me that's where I say it's a morally gray. You are stopping a potential life... However, you will likely bring a different life into the world, under better circumstances, when you are older, and more secure. So I like to think of it as delaying a life, which may be wrong, but it's not murder... It's a difficult choice a teenage mother has to make, about when to bring a life into the world.
If she chooses to delay, the particular life form, which has already been conceived, will die, but hopefully a new life form will spring forth later, with a better chance at life. So I see it as a mistake, and a moral wrong, but not a cardinal sin, not murder. We all make mistakes.Oct 7 2012: David, a fetus is not an infant. It is called a fetus before it comes out of the mother. It can be called an infant after it comes out of the mother which is how the law defines it. Typically a baby is called a neonate for the first 28 days after birth and after that it is called an infant. To my knowledge, there is no medical procedure for infanticide.
Oct 8 2012: Hey Linda. I agree with you here, I was merely responding to the question of infanticide.
On the other conversation, I cannot respond, because you responded too low. I assure you however, that my rant did not look as childish before John went on a deleting spree, erasing everything he said along the lines of "women are perfect, men are evil, and looking at the world any other way is insane".
Growing up, as a young boy, who's just supposed to tolerate insane, sexist, nonsense like that, is frustrating, so I went off. Feel free to correct me however. I was playing a bit of devils advocate. I have no intention of "growing up", to learn that I'm evil, and everyone I like is evil though, and I don't think that is the "fair" way to view the world.
Oct 8 2012: Thank you David, now I understand. You just unloaded a LOT! It was almost overwhelming to read.
You're right, you're not evil. But if you're smart, you will work it;)
edward long
Oct 30 2012: @ Margo Kirkpatrick RE: "I don't see how a person . . ."The specific question before us is whether or not a fetus is a person in terms of the Constitution of the United States. The Supreme Court has ruled (legislated) that the answer is "No". In the USA you can deliberately terminate the gestation of a human being under almost any condition. Thus abortion is not a crime, it is not considered to be violence against another person. Folks who support and participate in abortions can correctly say they are not doing harm to a person. That is why some say they have the right to abort. They do not say they are taking the life of an innocent person. They say they are "ridding the mother's body of the product of conception". Millions of times since 1973 in America the rights of women have been trampled underfoot, unborn women that is.
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Oct 30 2012: The only ones "trampling" anyone Edward, are those who try to impose their own beliefs on women, who have the right to decide how their bodies will be used.
Oct 31 2012: I believe all women and men have inalienable rights. Those of us who are able can fight for our rights as we understand them. But the old, the infirm, the disenfranchised, and the unborn need someone to fight for them. I think we all have a share in the task of helping the helpless. Do you disagree Colleen?
Oct 31 2012: Edward,
You are trying to fight to have control over a woman's choices because of YOUR religious beliefs.Nov 4 2012: Edward,
The UDHR states that everyone has a right to religion and their own beliefs. And in Roe v Wade it was concluded that any woman, for any reason may have an abortion.
my belief is that this is a good law because under the circumstances of rape no woman no matter the age should have to go through with having a baby after having sex without consent. We should not be able to control a woman's choice of having an abortion it is their choice to make not ours.Oct 31 2012: Do you disagree that the helpless need our help?
Oct 31 2012: Edward,
You KNOW that I do not get distracted by your diversionary tactics.
The topic is:
"Is a Fetus a Person? The debate over whether abortion should be considered as murder often focuses on the question of whether the fetus is a person or not."
A) It is determined, by law, that a fetus is not a person.
B) Abortion is legal in the US.
What part of that do you not understand?
I assume you have never had to make the choice to carry a pregnancy to term, or have an abortion. If you did ever have to make that difficult choice for yourself, I would support whatever you chose...just as I support many women in the choices they make for themselves. Whatever YOUR religious beliefs are, it does NOT give you the right to control a woman's choice for herself.Oct 31 2012: The part I don't understand is your reluctance to give a simple, direct reply to a valid, related question. One last try and then I will hopefully begin another lengthy hiatus from your incessant nonsequiturs. Here goes: Do you disagree that unborn babies are unable to fight for their rights?If you choose to not answer that specific question please spare me any further diatribes and do not respond to me directly. Thank you Colleen!
Oct 31 2012: I have answered your question several times Edward, and it does not help your argument to be disrespectful.Oct 31 2012: Hi Ed,
It is very difficult to discuss this topic putting religion aside.
Nobody considers an egg, or a spermatozoid a person, correct? and a fertilized egg of a few days has much more in common with either one of those than it has with a newborn.
So, if it were possible... putting religion aside for a moment, where does one draw the artificial line between a spermatozoid, or an egg, and a newborn? a few days? a few weeks? when certain characteristics appear? which characteristics? How does one factor in both the jurisdiction and the wellbeing of the mother? Does the quality of life that can be offered to the offspring play any role? or is it just a matter of ensuring babies are born and then passing on responsibility to someone else?
edward long
Oct 31 2012: Good points Andres. I think the question is as much biology as it is religion, probably more. If we stick to biology and trace the full life cycle of a homo sapien from beginning to end we see that it begins when an egg is fertilized by a sperm and it ends when metabolism and respiration ceases. Independent gametes are not homo sapiens but zygotes are. To try and justify saying a zygote is not one of the phases of human life one must leave biology and find a rationale in law, ethics, philosophy, or elsewhere. If my spiritual beliefs were different I truly do not see how it would change my understanding of biology, which is the only proper science to provide the answer to Mr.Anjorin's question. Thank you, and be well sir.
- +1
Oct 31 2012: Oh baloney. You can make an embryo in a dish and destroy it at will. Nobody is calling it helpless. People pick and choose and draw artificial lines. What happens when we can carry an embryo to term in a vat? It will happen some day you know. So all of a sudden embryos are helpless humans?
Actually, when you can grow an embryo in a vat, I would probably be OK with ending abortion. Women get to choose and the fetus gets to live. Just take the fetus out, throw it in a jar and walk away. Someone else can pay for it and raise it. Maybe the government? Oh but wait, the government gets its money from you and me. But I don't want to pay for it so you can. But then, who would own it?
At current estimates we would need about 50,000 vats a year. Someone could make a fortune. And in about 10 years we would have an additional 500,000 children to school, who would of course in another 10 years need some additional vats. Maybe some jobs so they could be taxed to support the vat program.
But people don't want a vat program. They want women to be the vats.Oct 17 2012: When we end the life of a living thing, we call it killing.
OR harvesting, picking, reaping and others I can't think of, that are less volatile terms.
When we intentionally end the life of a human being, we call it murder. Premeditated murder.
But, a fetus is not a person but only a human being (murder?) that hasn't really developed into the "being".
They are, but they are not being.
We need to really be educated, without hidden moral lies and motives, about life. But we really don't know the truth and many of the so-called experts are not trustworthy.
Just want to add, that though I am on the side of women in this regard (60/40), I don't understand the concept of slave-ownership of the fetus, baby, child.
Ultimately, we should all mind our own business, but since pregnancy takes two, so should abortion, for the ownership has to be between two.
Using rape is a lousy example. It is only a way of stopping the conversation. Unless, women believe, think or pretend that all coupling with a male is actually a form of rape. Do ladies think this? I know many who do. It is a very dangerous slope to slide around on.
Clearly, the Christian country known as America has virtually no qualms about killing millions of people, particularly babies and children. So, methinks from that alone, this isn't even a moral dilemma at all.
Oct 17 2012: I agree Random, that "we need to really be educated, without hidden moral lies and motives about life".
Lest we misunderstand the meaning of rape:
"Rape is a type of sexual assault usually involving sexual intercourse, which is initiated by one or more persons against another person without that person's consent. The act may be carried out by physical force, coercion, abuse of authority or with a person who is incapable of valid consent, such as a person who is unconscious or incapacitated." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rape
If it is determined by law that a fetus is NOT a person, and if abortion is legal, it is reasonable to expect those in the community to respect those laws, and the rights of others, no matter what their personal beliefs and preferences are.
It is a "moral dilemma" for those who have certain beliefs, and I respect the beliefs of others. I do not agree with imposing one's beliefs onto others.


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Posted 12 December 2012 - 23:26
Posted 17 December 2012 - 12:14
Posted 17 December 2012 - 12:44
It's still $15 on Amazon I think. A friend just bought it a few hours ago.
I really wanted to try this, but as I was playing SWTOR and The Secret World was a very different game system and unproven IP, their marketing materials just couldn't sway me. I ended up switching to Rift and have been having a blast with that.
But now that TSW is no longer sub-based, I'll probably look a little harder at trying it out. The story and setting do interest me very much and the gameplay is very different compared to the traditional MMOs I play.
Posted 20 December 2012 - 08:43
Posted 21 December 2012 - 14:17
Posted 22 December 2012 - 02:10
Steam has it on sale right now for 25% off, so I picked it up for $22.49 yesterday (18 GB download ) so I left it on overnight.
It finished this morning so I'll get some time in once I get home from work today.
Posted 02 January 2013 - 12:16
My friend bought me the game since it was on sale. But my download is 40 gigs (holy schmoley!) so uh, yeah! Either way, got my account set up and linked to Steam and I'm ready to go once it's done downloading. Though I assume there will be some patching to do once I launch the game client itself.

subset: commoncrawl


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A flash is a device used in photography that produces an instantaneous flash of artificial light (typically around 1/1000 to 1/200 of a second) at a color temperature of about 5500 K to help illuminate a scene. While flashes can be used for a variety of reasons (e.g., capturing quickly moving objects, creating a different temperature light than the ambient light) they are mostly used to illuminate scenes that do not have enough available light to adequately expose the photograph. The term flash can either refer to the flash of light itself, or as a colloquialism for the electronic flash unit which discharges the flash of light. The vast majority of flash units today are electronic, having evolved from single-use flash-bulbs and flammable powders.
In lower-end consumer photography, flash units are commonly built directly into the camera, while higher-end cameras allow separate flash units to be mounted via a standardized accessory mount bracket often called a "hot shoe". In professional studio photography, flashes often take the form of large, standalone units, or studio strobes, that are powered by either special battery packs or connected directly to the mains and synchronized with the camera from either a flash synchronization cable, radio transmitter, or are light-triggered, meaning that only one flash unit needs to be synchronized with the camera, which in turn triggers the other units.
The earliest flashes consisted of a quantity of magnesium flash powder that was ignited by hand. Later, magnesium filaments were contained in flash bulbs, and electrically ignited by a contact in the camera shutter; such a bulb could only be used once, and was too hot to handle immediately after use, but the confinement of what would otherwise have amounted to a small explosion was an important advance. A later innovation was coating flashbulbs with a blue plastic coating to match the spectral quality to daylight balanced colour film as well as providing protection from the rare occasion when a flashbulb would crack during a flash. Later bulbs substituted zirconium for the magnesium which produced a brighter flash.
Flashbulbs took longer to achieve full brightness and burned for a longer duration than electronic flashes, and slower shutter speeds (typically from 1/10 to 1/50 of a second) were used on cameras to ensure proper synchronization. One of the most widely used flash bulbs up through the 1960s was the number 25. This is the large (approximately 1 inch (25 mm) in diameter) flash bulb often shown used by newspapermen in period movies, usually attached to a press camera or a twin-lens reflex camera.
In the late 1960s, Kodak improved their Instamatic camera line by replacing the individual flashbulb technology (used on early Instamatics) with the Flashcube. Flashcubes consisted of four electrically fired flashbulbs with an integral reflector in a cube-shaped arrangement that allowed taking four images in a row. The flashcube automatically rotated 90 degrees to a fresh bulb upon advancing the film to the next exposure.
The later Magicube (or X-Cube) retained the four-bulb format, and was superficially similar to the original Flashcube. However, in the Magicube each bulb was set off by a plastic pin in the cube mount that released a cocked spring wire within the cube. This wire, in turn, struck a primer tube, at the base of the bulb, which contained a fulminating material. The fulminate ignited shredded zirconium foil in the flash and, thus, a battery was not required. Magicubes could also be set off by inserting a thin object, such as a key or paper clip, into one of the slots in the bottom of the cube.
Flashcubes and Magicubes are superficially similar but not interchangeable. Cameras requiring flashcubes have a round socket and a round hole for the flashcube's pin, while those requiring Magicubes have a round shape with protruding studs and a square socket hole for the Magicube's square pin. The Magicube socket can also be seen as an X, which accounts for its alternate name, X-Cube.
Another common flashbulb-based device was the Flipflash which included ten or so bulbs in a single unit. The name derived from the fact that once half the flashes had been used up, the unit had to be flipped and re-inserted to use the remainder.
Today's flash units are often electronic xenon flash lamps. An electronic flash contains a tube filled with xenon gas, where electricity of high voltage is discharged to generate an electrical arc that emits a short flash of light. (A typical duration of the light impulse is 1/1000 second.) As of 2003, the majority of cameras targeted for consumer use have an electronic flash unit built in.
Another type of flash unit are microflashes, which are special, high-voltage flash units designed to discharge a flash of light with an exceptionally quick, sub-microsecond duration. These are commonly used by scientists or engineers for examining extremely fast moving objects or reactions, famous for producing images of bullets tearing through objects like lightbulbs or balloons (see Harold Eugene Edgerton).
Studio flashes usually contain a modeling light, which is an incandescent light bulb placed close to the flash tube. The continuous illumination of a modeling light helps in visualizing the effect of the flash.
The strength of a flash device is often indicated in terms of a guide number, despite the fact that the published guide numbers of different units can not necessarily be directly compared.
Although they are not yet at the power levels to replace Xenon flash devices in still cameras, LEDs (specifically, high current flash LEDs) have recently been used as flash sources in camera phones. LEDs are expected to approach the power levels of Xenon in the near future and may replace built-in Xenon flashes in still cameras. The major advantages of LEDs over Xenon include low voltage operation, higher efficiency and extreme miniaturization.
Part of the bounced light can be also aimed directly on the subject by "bounce cards" attached to the flash unit which increase the efficiency of the flash and illuminate shadows cast by light coming from the ceiling. It's also possible to use one's own palm for that purpose, resulting in warmer tones on the picture, as well as eliminating the need to carry additional accessories.
Some camera manufacturers may be considering the inclusion of a built-in bounce flash within the body of a camera with automated features to assist the user in obtaining a bounced light effect without spending time to set up and direct external flash devices.


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michelanCello wrote:Maybe I was just trying to confuse you...
The Mad Collector wrote:michelanCello wrote:Maybe I was just trying to confuse you...
easily done
OK Amazing Maurice then
"Dean! We are going to move on and put this behind us!" Ridcully snapped.
"Excuse me, Archchancellor?" said Ponder Stibbons, who was Head of Inadvisably Applied Magic and also the university's Praelector, a position interpreted at UU as 'the one who gets given the tedious jobs'.
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What is the nature of the numeral ashtei-asar (meaning 11) as in וּבַיּוֹם הַשְּׁלִישִׁי פָּרִים עַשְׁתֵּי-עָשָׂר (Pinchas 29:20):
- What is the basic word? Is this using semichus, as in ashtaim of asar? If so, what does that mean? (I was thinking of some sort of contraction with shtayim, but that would be feminine.)
- Why does the the Torah sometimes use ashtei-asar and other times achad-asar as in וְהִנֵּה הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ וְהַיָּרֵחַ וְאַחַד עָשָׂר כּוֹכָבִים, מִשְׁתַּחֲוִים לִי (Vayeshev 37:9)?
- Does the basic word appear anywhere without the word asar?


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Medicare, Part D — Prescription Drug Plans ACM, Oct 22, 2 to 3 p.m.Barbara Smith, LVN, and Susan Heggie, Manager, Eisenhower Indian Wells Healthy Living Resource CenterCall 760-568-1234 to register. Read More
Sleep — What's Keeping You Awake? TCW, Oct 24, 10 to 11:30 a.m.Jill A. Sanderson, RPSGT, REEGT, RST, Manager, Sleep Center and Neurology Departments760-969-7770, extension 7560 Read More
Early Stage Breast Cancer Treatment Options LCTH, Oct 25, 5:30 to 7 p.m.Iliana Popescu, MD, Medical Oncologist*760-834-3798. Complimentary dinner; register by Oct 23. Read MoreLiving Well with a Cancer Diagnosis LCM, Oct 29, Noon to 1:30 p.m.Beth Mulligan, PA-C, Stress Management Specialist760-834-3798. Complimentary lunch; register by Oct 26. Read More
Progress in the Treatment of Lung Cancer LCTU, Nov 6, 5:30 to 7 p.m.Davood Vafai, MD, Medical Oncology*760-834-3798. Complimentary light dinner; register by Nov 5. Read More
Holistic Health Experience LQW, Nov 7, 1:30 to 4:30 p.m.Patricia Avila, MD, MPH, Eisenhower Wellness InstituteDetails at emc.org/calendar.760-610-7205. Food and spice tasting; register by Nov 6. Read More
Lifestyle Secrets to Live Long and Healthy ACF, Nov 9, 12:30 to 3:30 p.m.Various lectures and a health expo. Details at emc.org/calendar.760-568-1234. Register by Nov 8. Read More
"I think one of the key points is that family medicine is a specialty. But it's a specialty that focuses on breadth of care and is centered on the patient-physician relationship," says Maureen Strohm, MD, Program Director of the Center for Family Medicine. "In the training process, resident physicians are trained across the entire spectrum of care, regardless of the patient's age, medical problems or venue. We train residents in the hospital setting, in the outpatient office, the nursing home, as well as in the patient's home. We also work with the resident physicians to incorporate a community focus in their work and caring."
Joining Eisenhower Medical Center in 2009, Dr. Strohm has more than 27 years of experience in caring for patients and families in downtown Los Angeles. Dr. Strohm also has 14 years of experience as a family medicine residency director at the University of Southern California/California Hospital Family Medicine Residency program and 25 years as a faculty member with USC's Keck School of Medicine where she is currently a Clinical Associate Professor of Family Medicine.
According to Dr. Strohm, family medicine physicians have enough experience and expertise to handle about 90 percent of the health concerns they encounter. When specialists are needed, family physicians coordinate a patient's care, ensuring a greater level of patient safety and balance which are fundamental to the relationship between the patient and physician.
One of the reasons for resurgence in primary care is the result of listening to what patients want. For those who remember the term "general practitioner," the family medicine physician is that and more — someone who looks at the family as a whole entity, learning from both individual and group dynamics, treating the whole person and the whole family as an integral part of their community.
"For those of us who choose to go into family medicine, part of the reason and part of the joy is caring for whole families," shares Dr. Strohm. "It brings a wealth to that relationship to be able to know each individual in the family in a special way."
"There's an extraordinary need for more primary care physicians," explains Dr. Strohm. "By bringing residents in training to Eisenhower, the likelihood of them staying is significantly increased, so we will be building, over time, the base of physicians available to care for our community."
For more information, call 760-773-1460 or visit emc.org/primarycare


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Dog fouling hotspots under surveillance
Last updated at 14:28, Saturday, 21 April 2012
A WEEK of high profile poo patrols has come to an end.
But irresponsible dog owners should still be wary.
As the Evening Mail's Scoop the Poop campaign enters its final week, we are working with council enforcement teams, police community support officers and neighbourhood wardens to catch and shame those responsible for letting their dogs foul in our streets.
A number of targeted locations will be under surveillance next week.
After a week of educational visits to schools and community patrols, Barrow Borough Council neighbourhood warden Andy High says the situation is slowly improving.
He said: "There are a lot of factors for improvement. There has been a lot of publicity so people are more aware of it.
"We've been giving out a lot more poo bags at the office and when the lighter nights start, there is generally an improvement anyway.
"Talking to schools and parents gets the message home that bit more."
No fines have been issued as a result of the patrols but wardens have given cautions for breaching dog control orders, and gathered intelligence on culprits.
Mr High said: "A lot of the people we've spoken to have been genuinely responsible dog owners or residents with concerns. I just hope we're getting the message across to the individuals who let their dog foul that it is not acceptable and they need to follow the same rules as everyone else. I've been happy with the multi-agency operation and how we've worked together, I'd like to think the public were pleased to see us doing something about it.
"Issuing fines would have been nice but the main emphasis on this week was education, working with the schools and residents. We've also had some really good intelligence about some dog owners who persistently let their animals foul. So we're hoping that on the back of that intelligence a few fines will be issued over the coming weeks.
"We know of a few more problematic areas now and we've been able to narrow it down to one or two addresses within that area. From that point of view, the week of education and intelligence gathering has been more than valuable."
First published at 10:40, Saturday, 21 April 2012
Published by http://www.nwemail.co.uk
Have your say
come on take a look at barrow island ? human excrement,how low will the lowlife stoop.
min fine 1000 think nxt time before they walk away,start on holker st guy with jack russell never cleans up after it,.ive a dog would never ever go out without small black bags in my pocket as i would never just walk off not clean up after my dog.hope to god you put photo in the mail those who found guilt.
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STIR: You refer to ranch-style houses as the "architectural stepchild." Why do you think ranches get no respect?
MGB: They're too recent to have historical cachet; they don't necessarily appeal to the architectural snob. Some people think ranch-style houses are boring or ugly. Their curb appeal is a little more subtle, shall we say. But they're livable houses with interesting attributes. They live bigger than their footprint.
STIR: Are younger nesters more appreciative of ranch houses than their parents?
MGB: Absolutely. There's a big nostalgia factor. Our publisher calls it "the Grandma Complex."
STIR: How would you describe the original color palettes for ranch-style homes?
MGB: Bungalow colors are pretty easily defined, but ranch-home colors are more difficult to define. Some people are doing historic renovation, going through layers of paint to see what colors were originally used. In general, the colors are a little lighter, a little more exuberant in postwar homes. They're not as deep and dark as the bungalow palette.
STIR: Did colors vary by geographic region?
MGB: They varied by style of home, depending on whether it's a traditional ranch or a modernist home. In general, there are three color categories. There were "Eichler colors" [California builder Joseph Eichler], which were muddy colors from nature, like putty, gray, greens and browns and, dare we forget, avocado, harvest gold and copper. These were neutrals that worked with the home's surroundings, and you see them most often in modernist homes. You might see a door in "Eichler orange" – a bright pumpkin. In Florida and southern California, the colors were more fun and vibrant, with turquoise, hot pink and yellow used as accents. These were vacation homes, and there's a different quality of light in those coastal regions. Then there were the traditional homes, with more traditional colors, including off-white and brick red – colors that reflected natural materials, such as flagstone, brick and cement floors.
STIR: Do these color patterns correlate to the era in which the homes were built? Your magazine and book cover the years from 1945 to 1971. Was there a color evolution over that period?
MGB: The ۥ50s were more traditional, with little Colonial touches and safer colors. You still see the white gallery look, as well as exposed beams and redwood floors. There was an evolution in the 1960s and 1970s to get in touch with nature, which translated into a folk-art-driven color palette, such as earthy macramé weavings from Africa. The modernist homes were built primarily in the 1960s.
STIR: What color palettes work well in today's updated ranch-style homes?
MGB: It's a good era. It lends itself to a lot of applications. If you like bright, pop-arty things, you can do that and it looks cool. Or you can go neutral, with black and tan furnishings against off-white walls.
STIR: What are some color resources for design professionals and owners?
MGB: Sherwin-Williams has a Suburban Modern palette. The interior palette includes pastels, but sort of punchy, like chartreuse paired with pink and gray. It has a fun tropical flavor. The exterior colors, I see as similar to bungalow colors: nice gray, muddied colors, including avocado. Some people find a vintage fabric and work from that. Fabrics give good color cues.
STIR: Are there any color do's and don'ts when trying to update a ranch-style home?
MGB: You want less color contrast than you find in most older homes, where you often see a trend to off-white crown molding against vibrant walls. Midcentury modern is also about contrast, but it's a little more muted and sophisticated. The contrast comes from working within a given palette using different textures. And the modernist home generally had so much glass that there's less interior wall space. You focus on the outside; that becomes the palette. We encourage people to look for color continuity, between the kitchen and the dining room, for example. With open floor plans, using all the same color gives you much better spatial flow. If you want accents and variety, do it with cabinet faces and artwork, as opposed to different wall colors. Although you might use an accent wall in tomato or avocado green to light up the room.
STIR: What if you have a permanent architectural feature in a color that screams ۥ50s or ۥ60s — how should you update the palette?
MGB:Before you decide to change something major, live with it a little. Maybe you have a peach and turquoise bathroom or a pink kitchen that you think you don't like, but give it a chance. You might learn a new color and style language. Try and appreciate it before ripping it out and putting in granite or a modern kitchen that will look dated in 10 or 15 years. Depending on where you live, there's growing appreciation for midcentury homes that have retained their original elements, such as knotty pine paneling or original countertops. Here on the West Coast, the homes that sit on the market are the ones where the owners from the ۥ80s or ۥ90s ripped out original kitchens and bathrooms and made them more generic. Paint is simple to change, but think twice about making major changes to harder materials that are not easily replaced.


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Head of Wesirwer, Priest of Montu
The fragmentary inscription on the dorsal pillar of this head contains a rebus that reveals the owner's name—Wesirwer ("Osiris Is Great")—and part of his title. An inscription on a statue in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo to which the head was originally attached (see photo) reveals that Wesirwer was a priest of the Theban god Montu. On the Cairo statue, Wesirwer holds figures of the Theban divine triad—Amun, king of the gods; Mut, his consort; and Khonsu, their child, a god of the moon. He sports an Achaemenid-, or Persian-, style garment, which had been introduced before Dynasty XXVII (circa 525–404 B.C.), a period of foreign occupation.
The Brooklyn fragment belongs to a group of green-stone heads that combine both conventional and naturalistic facial details. Wesirwer's egg-shaped skull and almond eyes are standard elements of fourth-century works, but the serene gaze is a naturalizing element perhaps evocative of Wesirwer's piety.
- Medium: Schist
- Place Found: Karnak, Egypt
- Dates: ca. 380-342 B.C.E.
- Dynasty: XXX Dynasty
- Period: Late Period
- Dimensions: 6 x 3 1/2 x 4 1/2 in. (15.2 x 8.9 x 11.4 cm) (show scale)
- Collections:Egyptian, Classical, Ancient Near Eastern Art
- Museum Location: This item is on view in Egypt Reborn: Art for Eternity, Old Kingdom to 18th Dynasty, Egyptian Galleries, 3rd Floor
- Exhibitions:
- Accession Number: 55.175
- Credit Line: Charles Edwin Wilbour Fund
- Rights Statement: Creative Commons-BY
- Caption: Head of Wesirwer, Priest of Montu, ca. 380-342 B.C.E. Schist, 6 x 3 1/2 x 4 1/2 in. (15.2 x 8.9 x 11.4 cm). Brooklyn Museum, Charles Edwin Wilbour Fund, 55.175. Creative Commons-BY
- Image:
- Catalogue Description: Green basalt male head preserved to spring of shoulders, shaved skull, eyebrows not represented. Neck-line of garment incised. Back-pillar with pyramidal top bearing relief of seated Osiris; below relief, incised inscription preserving only names of Amen-re and Montu.
- Record Completeness: Best (90%)


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(based on 22 reviews)
of respondents would recommend this to a friend.
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Good Value
By runwithnick
from Kansas City, MO
About Me Avid Cyclist
See all my reviews
Comments about CatEye Micro Wireless Bike Computer - Silver:
This is a great a computer for the value. It is a little tricky to set-up, but only took about 10 - 15 munites and works great. When riding with friends it seems to be as accurate as other GPS enabled computers. The only thing missing with this device is a cadence computer.
Bottom Line Yes, I would recommend this to a friend
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Comment on this review
Great computer for the price
By slowrider
from Grand Rapids, MI
I bought 2 of these with the intention of installing both of them on a tandem. The stoker receiver was about 6 inches shy of the range I needed so I replaced my wife's old Ascent on her road bike with it. It was easy to set-up and install on both bikes but the instructions leave a bit to be desired. Wheel size and km or mph is easy enough but the clock was a bit confusing. It was intuitive enough for us to figure it out without instructions though so no harm no foul.
(0 of 1 customers found this review helpful)
odometer stop working
By ozzy
from Tucson AZ
About Me Casual/ Recreational
I purchase this unit in July 2013 and by the end of July 2014 the odometer stop working i will ride 38 miles and the odometer will only add about 4 miles to my total mileage on the bike. So now i am force to manual enter the updated mileage or look for a new unit.
Bottom Line No, I would not recommend this to a friend
(1 of 1 customers found this review helpful)
Great computer
By prebenson
from Newburyport ma
Very nice computer. Easy to set up and easy to read. Just the right size.
(2 of 2 customers found this review helpful)
By diversified portfolio
from Fort Myers, Florida
Could not set clock using inadequate instructions. Waited till one o'clock and reset all data. Display works if light conditions are IDEAL.
Easy to Use
By Hank
from San Diego
I wanted a speedometer that was easy to install, wireless, reliable and had large numbers. The CatEye Micro met all of these requirements. Have used it for close to month now and am pleased with how it works.
So far so good
By JDF
from Clinton, SC
Has worked reliably so far. I've only used it for a month.
(3 of 3 customers found this review helpful)
A Great Basic Cyclocomputer
By Tony B.
from Baton Rouge, LA
I found the CayEye Micro Wireless to be a great computer for the price and the ride information I wanted to measure. With no messy wires running over your bike, and the computer easily detachable, I like that after the ride I can bring my computer inside and copy my ride stats onto my desktop (by hand, not electronically) If basis stats like distance, elapsed time, max speed, average speed and current speed are what you're looking for, this basic unit is the ticket. The ability to set it to your bikes exact wheel size and A and B bike setting are welcomed extras, as is the ability to go into lap mode. One feature I really like is the auto standby feature that puts the computer in sleep mode if you stop for over one minute. This keeps you from forgetting to stop and start the unit when you stop during your ride. For the price and capability, I'd buy one of these again. If you want more bells and buzzers, look elsewhere. The only negative I've found so for for this unit, is that the mounting method, small rubber pads and tie-wraps allows the computer bracket to slide around if accidentally struck. A more secure mounting method would be an improvement.
Easy to use
By The last Roman
from Buffalo, NY
I actually prefer the Cateye Wireless 100 to the Cateye 200. The 100 makes it very easy to change the display settings because the button to do so is large and impossible to miss
Have used for years and bought another
By tandem stoker
from Kalamazoo, MI
We have had this computer on our racing tandem for years and love it so we got another for our other tandem to get rid of the wires. We mount it on the stoker top tube and it works great.
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When the muscles and ligaments supporting a woman's pelvic organs weaken, the pelvic organs can slip out of place (prolapse). Pelvic organ prolapse can worsen over time, and you may need surgery to fix it. There are different types of pelvic organ prolapse. Some women develop pelvic organ prolapse after childbirth, a hysterectomy or menopause.
Read more about anterior prolapse (cystocele), posterior prolapse (rectocele), uterine prolapse, and small bowel prolapse (enterocele).
Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minn., ranks #1 for gynecology in the U.S. News & World Report Best Hospitals rankings. Mayo Clinic in Scottsdale, Ariz., is ranked among the Best Hospitals for gynecology, and Mayo Clinic in Jacksonville, Fla., is ranked high performing for gynecology by U.S. News & World Report.
At Mayo Clinic, we assemble a team of specialists who take the time to listen and thoroughly understand your health issues and concerns. We tailor the care you receive to your personal health care needs. You can trust our specialists to collaborate and offer you the best possible outcomes, safety and service.
Mayo Clinic is a not-for-profit medical institution that reinvests all earnings into improving medical practice, research and education. We're constantly involved in innovation and medical research, finding solutions to improve your care and quality of life. Your doctor or someone on your medical team is likely involved in research related to your condition.
Our patients tell us that the quality of their interactions, our attention to detail and the efficiency of their visits mean health care — and trusted answers — like they've never experienced.
Why Choose Mayo Clinic
What Sets Mayo Clinic Apart
Mayo Clinic works with hundreds of insurance companies and is an in-network provider for millions of people. In most cases, Mayo Clinic doesn't require a physician referral. Some insurers require referrals or may have additional requirements for certain medical care. All appointments are prioritized on the basis of medical need.
At Mayo Clinic in Arizona, doctors trained in gynecology, urology and urogynecology diagnose and treat women who have pelvic organ prolapse.
For appointments or more information, call the Central Appointment Office at 800-446-2279 (toll-free) 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. Mountain Standard Time, Monday through Friday or complete an online appointment request form.
At Mayo Clinic in Florida, doctors trained in gynecology, urology and urogynecology provide evaluation and treatment for women who have pelvic organ prolapse.
For appointments or more information, call the Central Appointment Office at 904-953-0853 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. Eastern time, Monday through Friday or complete an online appointment request form.
At Mayo Clinic in Minnesota, doctors trained in gynecology, urology and gynecologic surgery diagnose and treat women who have pelvic organ prolapse.
For appointments or more information, call the Central Appointment Office at 507-538-3270 7 a.m. to 6 p.m. Central time, Monday through Friday or complete an online appointment request form.
See information on patient services at the three Mayo Clinic locations, including transportation options and lodging.
Diagnosis of pelvic organ prolapse begins with a physical exam of your pelvic organs. The exam helps your doctor determine the type of prolapse and its severity. Your doctor also will ask you questions about medical and family history, including details about your symptoms.
Tests for pelvic organ prolapse may include:
Your treatment will depend on the type of pelvic organ prolapse you have. Your doctor may recommend first treating your prolapse without surgery. In some people, if symptoms significantly affect quality of life, surgery is eventually necessary.
Menopause results in lower estrogen levels, which weakens the muscles of the vagina. Estrogen therapy may strengthen these muscles. However, some people shouldn't use estrogen, so discuss risks and benefits with your doctor. If you develop symptoms of one type of prolapse, you're more likely to develop other types. Mayo Clinic doctors try to correct all prolapse-related problems at one time.
Physical therapy may include pelvic floor exercises using biofeedback to strengthen specific muscles of the pelvic floor. Biofeedback involves the use of monitoring devices with sensors that are placed in your vagina, rectum or on your skin. As you perform an exercise, a computer screen shows whether you're using the right muscles and the strength of each squeeze (contraction) so you learn how to do the exercises properly.
Mayo Clinic doctors may use minimally invasive (laparoscopic) surgery, including robot-assisted surgery, to treat some types of pelvic organ prolapse. Minimally invasive surgery allows your surgeon to make smaller incisions and can shorten your hospital stay. Talk to your surgeon about why one procedure may be better for you than another, what the surgical approach will be, and what materials will be used. Also ask your surgeon about the long-term success for your planned procedure.
There are different surgical strategies for various types of prolapse:
Small bowel prolapse and vaginal vault prolapse. Small bowel prolapse is also sometimes called enterocele. In women who have had a hysterectomy, this type of prolapse is also called vaginal vault prolapse and may involve the bladder, rectum or small bowel. Your surgeon may perform corrective surgery through the vagina or abdomen.
In a vaginal approach, your surgeon will use the ligaments that support the uterus to correct the problem. In an abdominal approach — which may be performed laparoscopically, robotically or as an open procedure — your surgeon attaches the vagina to the tailbone at the base of the spine, and small portions of synthetic mesh may be used to help support vaginal tissues. This type of surgery is called vaginal vault suspension.
Prolapse surgery repairs the tissue bulge. If the bulge doesn't bother you, surgery isn't needed.
Read more about treatment for anterior prolapse (cystocele), posterior prolapse (rectocele), uterine prolapse, and small bowel prolapse (enterocele).
Mayo Clinic doctors contribute to the understanding and treatment of pelvic organ prolapse through research and clinical practice. Researchers at Mayo Clinic focus on improving the diagnostic procedures and treatments used for all types of pelvic organ prolapse.
See a list of publications by Mayo Clinic doctors on pelvic organ prolapse on PubMed, a service of the National Library of Medicine.
Original article: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pelvic-organ-prolapse/care-at-mayo-clinic/treatment/con-20036092
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Mayo Clinic is a not-for-profit organization and proceeds from Web advertising help support our mission. Mayo Clinic does not endorse any of the third party products and services advertised.
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Perfect Pair™ Tommy™ Doll and Kelly® Doll
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Goldman's top 10 themes for 2013
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