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It would be handy if we could use the Registry to look up the developer/webmaster for any given UNL site.
Here's a typical example of what happens when I try to get updates or corrections to another developer: Last week I discovered that Psychology had links to some Grad Studies pages that ceased to exist a few years ago. I poked around Psych's site, checked their staff listing, and found no contact information for a webmaster. They're using the old template, so I checked the "comments?" link in the footer, was pleased to see that it went to an email address rather than the general UNL comment form (are those comments getting forwarded anywhere?), and sent my "please use these URLs instead" email. But it bounced. I checked the Web Transition Progress Report, which lists developers, but Psych isn't in it yet. Eventually I went back to their staff page and randomly selected someone to email; turns out the comments-link address is a student who did their site but then graduated 3 years ago and left.
(I don't mean to pick on Psychology--the staff member's reply was quick and she cc'd their current webmaster. Others have been less responsive.)


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Throughout the war, the British were able to use their naval superiority to capture and occupy coastal cities, but control of the countryside (where 90% of the population lived) largely eluded them due to their relatively small land army. French involvement proved decisive, with a French naval victory in the Chesapeake leading to the surrender of a second British army at Yorktown in 1781. In 1783, the Treaty of Paris ended the war and recognized the sovereignty of the United States over the territory bounded by what is now Canada to the north, Florida to the south, and the Mississippi River to the west.
At the outset of the war, the Americans lacked a professional army or navy. Each colony provided for its own defenses through the use of local militia. Militiamen were lightly armed, slightly trained, and usually did not have uniforms. Their units served for only a few weeks or months at a time, were reluctant to go very far from home, and were thus generally unavailable for extended operations. Militia lacked the training and discipline of regular soldiers but were more numerous and could overwhelm regular troops as at the battles of Concord, Bennington and Saratoga, and the siege of Boston. Both sides used partisan warfare but the Americans were particularly effective at suppressing Loyalist activity when British regulars were not in the area.
Seeking to coordinate military efforts, the Continental Congress established (on paper) a regular army in June 1775, and appointed George Washington as commander-in-chief. The development of the Continental Army was always a work in progress, and Washington used both his regulars and state militia throughout the war. The United States Marine Corps traces its institutional roots to the Continental Marines of the war, formed at Tun Tavern in Philadelphia, by a resolution of the Continental Congress on November 10, 1775, a date regarded and celebrated as the birthday of the Marine Corps. At the beginning of 1776, Washington's army had 20,000 men, with two-thirds enlisted in the Continental Army and the other third in the various colonial militias. At the end of the American Revolution in 1783, both the Continental Navy and Continental Marines were disbanded. About 250,000 men served as regulars or as militiamen for the Revolutionary cause in the eight years of the war, but there were never more than 90,000 total men under arms at one time. Armies were small by European standards of the era; the greatest number of men that Washington personally commanded in the field at any one time was fewer than 17,000. This could be attributed to tactical preferences, but it also could be because of lack of powder on the American side.
At least 25,000 Loyalists fought on the side of the British. Thousands served in the Royal Navy. On land, Loyalist forces fought alongside the British in most battles in North America. Many Loyalists fought in partisan units, especially in the Southern theater.
The British military encountered difficulties in maximizing the use of Loyalist factions. British historian Jeremy Black wrote, "In the American war it was clear to both royal generals and revolutionaries that organized and significant Loyalist activity would require the presence of British forces." In the South, the use of Loyalists presented the British with "major problems of strategic choice" since while it was necessary to widely disperse troops in order to defend Loyalist areas, it was also recognized that there was a need for "the maintenance of large concentrated forces able" to counter major attacks from the American forces. The British also were also forced to insure that their military actions would not "offend Loyalist opinion", eliminating such options as attempting to "live off the country', destroying property for intimidation purposes, or coercing payments from colonists ("laying them under contribution").
Early in 1775, the British Army consisted of about 36,000 men worldwide, but wartime recruitment steadily increased this number. Additionally, over the course of the war the British hired about 30,000 soldiers from German princes; these professional soldiers were generically called "Hessians" because many came from Hesse-Kassel. Rebel propagandists called German soldiers "foreign mercenaries," and they are scorned as such in the Declaration of Independence. Germans made up about one-third of the British troop strength in North America. By 1779, the number of British and German troops stationed in North America was over 60,000, although these were spread from Canada to Florida. About 10,000 Loyalist Americans under arms for the British are included in these figures.
African Americans — slave and free — served on both sides during the war. The British actively recruited slaves belonging to Patriot masters. Because of manpower shortages, George Washington lifted the ban on black enlistment in the Continental Army in January 1776. Small all-black units were formed in Rhode Island and Massachusetts; many were slaves promised freedom for serving. Another all-black unit came from Haiti with French forces. At least 5,000 black soldiers fought for the Revolutionary cause and more than 20,000 black soldiers fought on the British side.
Before the war, Boston had been the scene of much revolutionary activity, leading to the Massachusetts Government Act that ended home rule as a punishment in 1774. Popular resistance to these measures, however, compelled the newly appointed royal officials in Massachusetts to resign or to seek refuge in Boston. Lieutenant General Thomas Gage, the British North American commander-in chief, commanded four regiments of British regulars (about 4,000 men) from his headquarters in Boston, but the countryside was in the hands of the Revolutionaries.
On the night of April 18, 1775, General Gage sent 700 men to seize munitions stored by the colonial militia at Concord, Massachusetts. Riders including Paul Revere alerted the countryside, and when British troops entered Lexington on the morning of April 19, they found 77 minutemen formed up on the village green. Shots were exchanged, killing several minutemen. The British moved on to Concord, where a detachment of three companies was engaged and routed at the North Bridge by a force of 500 minutemen. As the British retreated back to Boston, thousands of militiamen attacked them along the roads, inflicting great damage before timely British reinforcements prevented a total disaster. With the Battles of Lexington and Concord, the war had begun.
The militia converged on Boston, bottling up the British in the city. About 4,500 more British soldiers arrived by sea, and on June 17, 1775, British forces under General William Howe seized the Charlestown peninsula at the Battle of Bunker Hill. The Americans fell back, but British losses were so heavy that the attack was not followed up. The siege was not broken, and Gage was soon replaced by Howe as the British commander-in-chief.
In July 1775, newly appointed General Washington arrived outside Boston to take charge of the colonial forces and to organize the Continental Army. Realizing his army's desperate shortage of gunpowder, Washington asked for new sources. Arsenals were raided and some manufacturing was attempted; 90% of the supply (2 million pounds) was imported by the end of 1776, mostly from France.
The standoff continued throughout the fall and winter. In early March 1776, heavy cannons that the patriots had captured at Fort Ticonderoga were placed on Dorchester Heights by Major Henry Knox. Since the artillery now overlooked the British positions, Howe's situation was untenable, and the British fled on March 17, 1776, sailing to their naval base at Halifax, Nova Scotia. Washington then moved most of the Continental Army to fortify New York City.
During the long standoff at Boston, the Continental Congress sought a way to seize the initiative elsewhere. Congress had initially invited the French Canadians to join them as the fourteenth colony, but when that failed to happen, Congress authorized an invasion of Canada. The goal was to remove British rule from the primarily francophone province of Quebec (comprising present-day Quebec).
Two Canada-bound expeditions were undertaken. On September 16, 1775, Brigadier General Richard Montgomery marched north from Fort Ticonderoga with about 1,700 militiamen, capturing Fort St. Jean on November 2 and then Montreal on November 13. General Guy Carleton, the governor of Quebec, escaped to Quebec City. The second expedition, led by Colonel Benedict Arnold, was a logistical nightmare, with many men succumbing to smallpox. By the time Arnold reached Quebec City in early November, he had but 600 of his original 1,100 men. Montgomery's force joined Arnold's, and they attacked Quebec City on December 31, but were defeated by Carleton and Montgomery was killed. The remaining Americans held on outside Quebec City until the spring of 1776, and then withdrew when a squadron of British ships under Captain Charles Douglas arrived to relieve the siege.
Another attempt was made by the Americans to push back towards Quebec, but they failed at Trois-Rivières on June 8, 1776. Carleton then launched his own invasion and defeated Arnold at the Battle of Valcour Island in October. Arnold fell back to Fort Ticonderoga, where the invasion of Canada had begun. The invasion of Canada ended as a disaster for the Americans, but Arnold's efforts in 1776 delayed a full-scale British counteroffensive until the Saratoga campaign of 1777.
The invasion cost the Americans their base of support in British public opinion, "So that the violent measures towards America are freely adopted and countenanced by a majority of individuals of all ranks, professions, or occupations, in this country.
Having withdrawn his army from Boston, General Howe now focused on capturing New York City. To defend the city, General Washington divided his 20,000 soldiers between Long Island and Manhattan. While British troops were assembling on Staten Island for the campaign, Washington had the newly issued Declaration of American Independence read to his men. No longer was there any possibility of compromise. On August 27, 1776, after landing about 22,000 men on Long Island, the British drove the Americans back to Brooklyn Heights in the largest battle of the entire Revolution. Howe then laid siege to fortifications there. In a feat considered by many historians to be one of his most impressive actions as Commander in Chief, Washington personnaly directed the withdrawal of his entire remaining army and all their supplies across the East River in one night without discovery by the British or losing a single man.
On September 15, Howe landed about 12,000 men on lower Manhattan, quickly taking control of New York City. The Americans withdrew to Harlem Heights, where they skirmished the next day but held their ground. When Howe moved to encircle Washington's army in October, the Americans again fell back, and a battle at White Plains was fought on October 28. Once more Washington retreated, and Howe returned to Manhattan and captured Fort Washington in mid November, taking about 2,000 prisoners (with an additional 1,000 having been captured during the battle for Long Island). Thus began the infamous "prison ships" system the British maintained in New York for the remainder of the war, in which more American soldiers and sailors died of neglect than died in every battle of the entire war, combined.
General Lord Cornwallis continued to chase Washington's army through New Jersey, until the Americans withdrew across the Delaware River into Pennsylvania in early December. With the campaign at an apparent conclusion for the season, the British entered winter quarters. Although Howe had missed several opportunities to crush the diminishing American army, he had killed or captured over 5,000 Americans.
The outlook of the Continental Army was bleak. "These are the times that try men's souls," wrote Thomas Paine, who was with the army on the retreat. The army had dwindled to fewer than 5,000 men fit for duty, and would be reduced to 1,400 after enlistments expired at the end of the year. Congress had abandoned Philadelphia in despair, although popular resistance to British occupation was growing in the countryside.
Washington decided to take the offensive, stealthily crossing the Delaware on Christmas night and capturing nearly 1,000 Hessians at the Battle of Trenton on December 26, 1776. Cornwallis marched to retake Trenton but was outmaneuvered by Washington, who successfully attacked the British rearguard at Princeton on January 3, 1777. Washington then entered winter quarters at Morristown, New Jersey, having given a morale boost to the American cause. New Jersey militia continued to harass British and Hessian forces throughout the winter, forcing the British to retreat to their base in and around New York City.
At every stage the British strategy assumed a large base of Loyalist supporters would rally to the King given some military support. In February 1776 Clinton took 2,000 men and a naval squadron to invade North Carolina, which he called off when he learned the Loyalists had been crushed at the Battle of Moore's Creek Bridge. In June he tried to seize Charleston, South Carolina, the leading port in the South, hoping for a simultaneous rising in South Carolina. It seemed a cheap way of waging the war but it failed as the naval force was defeated by the forts and because no local Loyalists attacked the town from behind. The loyalists were too poorly organized to be effective, but as late as 1781 senior officials in London, misled by Loyalist exiles, placed their confidence in their rising.
Burgoyne set off in June, and recaptured Fort Ticonderoga in early July. Thereafter, his march was slowed by Americans who knocked down trees in his path. A detachment was sent out to seize supplies but was decisively defeated by American militia in August, depriving Burgoyne of nearly 1,000 men.
Meanwhile, St. Leger — half of his force Native Americans led by Sayenqueraghta — had laid siege to Fort Stanwix. American militiamen and their Native American allies marched to relieve the siege but were ambushed and scattered at the Battle of Oriskany. When a second relief expedition approached, this time led by Benedict Arnold, St. Leger broke off the siege and retreated to Canada.
Burgoyne's army was now reduced to about 6,000 men. Despite these setbacks, he determined to push on towards Albany — a fateful decision which would later produce much controversy. An American army of 8,000 men, commanded by the General Horatio Gates, had entrenched about 10 miles (16 km) south of Saratoga, New York. Burgoyne tried to outflank the Americans but was checked at the first battle of Saratoga in September. Burgoyne's situation was desperate, but he now hoped that help from Howe's army in New York City might be on the way. It was not: Howe had instead sailed away on an expedition to capture Philadelphia. American militiamen flocked to Gates' army, swelling his force to 11,000 by the beginning of October. After being badly beaten at the second battle of Saratoga, Burgoyne surrendered on October 17.
Saratoga was the turning point of the war. Revolutionary confidence and determination, suffering from Howe's successful occupation of Philadelphia, was renewed. More importantly, the victory encouraged France to make an open alliance with the Americans, after two years of semi-secret support. For the British, the war had now become much more complicated.
After repelling a British attack at White Marsh, Washington and his army encamped at Valley Forge in December 1777, about 20 miles (32 km) from Philadelphia, where they stayed for the next six months. Over the winter, 2,500 men (out of 10,000) died from disease and exposure. The next spring, however, the army emerged from Valley Forge in good order, thanks in part to a training program supervised by Baron von Steuben. Indeed, von Steuben introduced the most modern Prussian methods of organization and tactics.
General Clinton replaced Howe as British commander-in-chief. French entry into the war had changed British strategy, and Clinton abandoned Philadelphia in order to reinforce New York City, now vulnerable to French naval power. Washington shadowed Clinton on his withdrawal and forced a strategic victory at the battle at Monmouth on June 28, 1778, the last major battle in the north. Clinton's army went to New York City in July, just before a French fleet under Admiral d'Estaing arrived off the American coast. Washington's army returned to White Plains, New York, north of the city. Although both armies were back where they had been two years earlier, the nature of the war had now changed.
In London King George III gave up hope of subduing America by more armies while Britain had a European war to fight. "It was a joke," he said, "to think of keeping Pennsylvania." There was no hope of recovering New England. But the King was determined "never to acknowledge the independence of the Americans, and to punish their contumacy by the indefinite prolongation of a war which promised to be eternal. His plan was to keep the 30,000 men garrisoned in New York, Rhode Island, in Canada, and in Florida; other forces would attack the French and Spanish in the West Indies. To punish the Americans the King planned to destroy their coasting-trade, bombard their ports; sack and burn towns along the coast (like New London, Connecticut), and turn loose the Native Americans to attack civilians in frontier settlements. These operations, the King felt, would inspire the Loyalists; would splinter the Congress; and "would keep the rebels harassed, anxious, and poor, until the day when, by a natural and inevitable process, discontent and disappointment were converted into penitence and remorse" and they would beg to return to his authority. The plan meant destruction for the Loyalists and loyal Native Americans, and indefinite prolongation of a costly war, as well as the risk of disaster as the French and Spanish were assembling an armada to invade the British isles and seize London. The British planned to re-subjugate the rebellious colonies after dealing with their European allies.
When the war began, the British had overwhelming naval superiority over the American colonists. The Royal Navy had over 100 ships of the line and many frigates and smaller craft, although this fleet was old and in poor condition, a situation which would be blamed on Lord Sandwich, the First Lord of the Admiralty. During the first three years of the war, the Royal Navy was primarily used to transport troops for land operations and to protect commercial shipping. The American colonists had no ships of the line, and relied extensively on privateering to harass British shipping. The privateers caused worry disproportionate to their material success although those operating out of French channel ports before and after France joined the war caused significant embarrassment to the Royal Navy and inflamed Anglo-French relations. The Continental Congress authorized the creation of a small Continental Navy in October, 1775, which was primarily used for commerce raiding. John Paul Jones became the first great American naval hero, capturing HMS Drake on April 24, 1778, the first victory for any American military vessel in British waters.
French entry into the war meant that British naval superiority was now contested. The Franco-American alliance began poorly, however, with failed operations at Rhode Island in 1778 and Savannah, Georgia, in 1779. Part of the problem was that France and the United States had different military priorities: France hoped to capture British possessions in the West Indies before helping to secure American independence. While French financial assistance to the American war effort was already of critical importance, French military aid to the Americans would not show positive results until the arrival in July 1780 of a large force of soldiers led by the Comte de Rochambeau.
Spain entered the war on the side of the Americans with the goal of recapturing Gibraltar and Minorca, which had been lost to the British in 1704. Gibraltar was besieged for more than three years, but the British garrison stubbornly resisted for years and was finally resupplied after Admiral Rodney's victory in the "Moonlight Battle" (January, 1780). Further Franco-Spanish efforts to capture Gibraltar were unsuccessful. One notable success took place on February 5, 1782 when Spanish and French forces captured Minorca, which Spain retained after the war.
There was much action in the West Indies, with several islands changing hands, especially in the Lesser Antilles. At the Battle of the Saintes in April 1782, a victory by Rodney's fleet over the French Admiral de Grasse frustrated the hopes of France and Spain to take Jamaica and other colonies from the British. On May 8, 1782, Count Bernardo de Gálvez, the Spanish governor of Louisiana, captured the British naval base at New Providence in the Bahamas. Nevertheless, except for the French retention of the small island of Tobago, sovereignty in the West Indies was returned to the status quo ante bellum in the 1783 peace treaty.
On the Gulf Coast, Gálvez seized three British Mississippi River outposts in 1779: Manchac, Baton Rouge, and Natchez. Gálvez then captured Mobile in 1780 and forced the surrender of the British outpost at Pensacola in 1781. His actions led to Spain acquiring East and West Florida in the peace settlement.
In 1780, the British struck against the United Provinces of the Netherlands in order to preempt Dutch involvement in the League of Armed Neutrality, a declaration of several European powers that they would conduct neutral trade during the war. Britain was not willing to allow the Netherlands to openly give aid to the American rebels. Agitation by Dutch radicals and a friendly attitude towards the United States by the Dutch government — both influenced by the American Revolution — also encouraged the British to attack. The Fourth Anglo-Dutch War lasted into 1784 and was disastrous to the Dutch mercantile economy. It effectively ended the last Dutch pretence to being a global power, and paved the way for the Batavian Republic.
During the first three years of the American Revolutionary War, the primary military encounters were in the north. After French entry into the war, the British turned their attention to the southern colonies, where they hoped to regain control by recruiting Loyalists. This southern strategy also had the advantage of keeping the Royal Navy closer to the Caribbean, where the British needed to defend their possessions against the French and Spanish.
On December 29, 1778, an expeditionary corps from Clinton's army in New York captured Savannah, Georgia. An attempt by French and American forces to retake Savannah failed on October 9, 1779. Clinton then besieged Charleston, capturing it on May 12, 1780. With relatively few casualties, Clinton had seized the South's biggest city and seaport, paving the way for what seemed like certain conquest of the South.
The remnants of the southern Continental Army began to withdraw to North Carolina but were pursued by Lt. Colonel Banastre Tarleton, who defeated them at the Waxhaws on May 29, 1780. With these events, organized American military activity in the region collapsed, though the war was carried on by partisans such as Francis Marion. Cornwallis took over British operations, while Horatio Gates arrived to command the American effort. On August 16, 1780, Gates was defeated at the Battle of Camden, setting the stage for Cornwallis to invade North Carolina.
Cornwallis' victories quickly turned, however. One wing of his army was utterly defeated at the Battle of Kings Mountain on October 7, 1780. Tarleton was decisively defeated at the Battle of Cowpens on January 17, 1781, by American General Daniel Morgan.
General Nathanael Greene, Gates' replacement, proceeded to wear down the British in a series of battles, each of them tactically a victory for the British but giving no strategic advantage to the victors. Greene summed up his approach in a motto that would become famous: "We fight, get beat, rise, and fight again." Unable to capture or destroy Greene's army, Cornwallis moved north to Virginia.
In March 1781, General Washington dispatched General Lafayette to defend Virginia. The young Frenchman skirmished with Cornwallis, avoiding a decisive battle while gathering reinforcements. Cornwallis was unable to trap Lafayette, and so he moved his forces to Yorktown, Virginia, in July so the Royal Navy could return his army to New York.
West of the Appalachian Mountains and along the Canadian border, the American Revolutionary War was an "Indian War." Most Native Americans supported the British. Like the Iroquois Confederacy, tribes such as the Cherokees and the Shawnees split into factions.
The British supplied their native allies with muskets and gunpowder and advised raids against civilian settlements, especially in New York, Kentucky, and Pennsylvania. Joint Iroquois-Loyalist attacks in the Wyoming Valley and at Cherry Valley in 1778 provoked Washington to send the Sullivan Expedition into western New York during the summer of 1779. There was little fighting as Sullivan systematically destroyed the Native American winter food supplies, forcing them to flee permanently to British bases in Canada and the Niagara Falls area.
In the Ohio Country and the Illinois Country, the Virginia frontiersman George Rogers Clark attempted to neutralize British influence among the Ohio tribes by capturing the outposts of Kaskaskia and Vincennes in the summer of 1778. When General Henry Hamilton, the British commander at Detroit, retook Vincennes, Clark returned in a surprise march in February 1779 and captured Hamilton himself.
In 1782 came the Gnadenhütten massacre, when Pennsylvania militiamen killed about a hundred neutral Native Americans. In August 1782, in one of the last major encounters of the war, a force of 200 Kentucky militia was defeated at the Battle of Blue Licks.
The northern, southern, and naval theaters of the war converged in 1781 at Yorktown, Virginia. In early September, French naval forces defeated a British fleet at the Battle of the Chesapeake, cutting off Cornwallis' escape. Washington hurriedly moved American and French troops from New York, and a combined Franco-American force of 17,000 men commenced the Siege of Yorktown in early October. For several days, the French and Americans bombarded the British defenses. Cornwallis' position quickly became untenable, and he surrendered his entire army of 7,000 men on October 19, 1781.
With the surrender at Yorktown, King George lost control of Parliament to the peace party, and there were no further major military activities on land. The British had 30,000 garrison troops occupying New York City, Charleston, and Savannah. The war continued at sea between the British and the French fleets in the West Indies. The British may have sent more troops to attack the colonists, if not for the numerous American ships attacking British shipping lanes worldwide. Due to the impact on British pocketbooks, the merchants put pressure on Parliament to end the war.
Britain negotiated the Paris peace treaty without consulting her Native American allies and ceded all Native American territory between the Appalachian Mountains and the Mississippi River to the United States. Full of resentment, Native Americans reluctantly confirmed these land cessions with the United States in a series of treaties, but the fighting would be renewed in conflicts along the frontier in the coming years, the largest being the Northwest Indian War.
An estimated 25,000 American Revolutionaries died during active military service. About 8,000 of these deaths were in battle; the other 17,000 deaths were from disease, including about 8,000 - 12,000 who died while prisoners of war, most in rotting prison ships in New York. The number of Revolutionaries seriously wounded or disabled by the war has been estimated from 8,500 to 25,000. The total American military casualty figure was therefore as high as 50,000.
About 171,000 seamen served for the British during the war; about 25 to 50 percent of them had been pressed into service. About 1,240 were killed in battle, while 18,500 died from disease. The greatest killer was scurvy, a disease known at the time to be easily preventable by issuing lemon juice to sailors. About 42,000 British sailors deserted during the war.
Approximately 1,200 Germans were killed in action and 6,354 died from illness or accident. About 16,000 of the remaining German troops returned home, but roughly 5,500 remained in the United States after the war for various reasons, many eventually becoming American citizens. No reliable statistics exist for the number of casualties among other groups, including Loyalists, British regulars, Native Americans, French and Spanish troops, and civilians.
The war of American independence could be summed up as a civil war fought on foreign soil, as opposing forces comprised both nations' residents. One could argue that after the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776, it was a war between two different nations, the Americans and the British. However, both sides were technically of English or European descent; as a result one could compare the American Revolutionary War to the English Civil War, in which the Parliamentarians and Royalists were both English, but in their own way, two different nations or factions. That said, it is a war that America could not have survived without French assistance. In addition, Britain had significant military disadvantages. Distance was a major problem: most troops and supplies had to be shipped across the Atlantic Ocean. The British usually had logistical problems whenever they operated away from port cities, while the Americans had local sources of manpower and food and were more familiar with (and acclimated to) the territory. Additionally, ocean travel meant that British communications were always about two months out of date: by the time British generals in America received their orders from London, the military situation had usually changed.
Suppressing a rebellion in America also posed other problems. Since the colonies covered a large area and had not been united before the war, there was no central area of strategic importance. In Europe, the capture of a capital often meant the end of a war; in America, when the British seized cities such as New York and Philadelphia, the war continued unabated. Furthermore, the large size of the colonies meant that the British lacked the manpower to control them by force. Once any area had been occupied, troops had to be kept there or the Revolutionaries would regain control, and these troops were thus unavailable for further offensive operations. The British had sufficient troops to defeat the Americans on the battlefield but not enough to simultaneously occupy the colonies. This manpower shortage became critical after French and Spanish entry into the war, because British troops had to be dispersed in several theaters, where previously they had been concentrated in America.
The British also had the difficult task of fighting the war while simultaneously retaining the allegiance of Loyalists. Loyalist support was important, since the goal of the war was to keep the colonies in the British Empire, but this imposed numerous military limitations. Early in the war, the Howe brothers served as peace commissioners while simultaneously conducting the war effort, a dual role which may have limited their effectiveness. Additionally, the British could have recruited more slaves and Native Americans to fight the war, but this would have alienated many Loyalists, even more so than the controversial hiring of German mercenaries. The need to retain Loyalist allegiance also meant that the British were unable to use the harsh methods of suppressing rebellion they employed in Ireland and Scotland. Even with these limitations, many potentially neutral colonists were nonetheless driven into the ranks of the Revolutionaries because of the war. This combination of factors led ultimately to the downfall of British rule in America and the rise of the revolutionaries' own independent nation, the United States of America.

subset: commoncrawl


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On my many trips to the airport, as I passed over one of the westernmost bridges on the Han River, I have often looked back north to notice a hill by the river with a pagoda on top. On my many trips to Ilsan I had also noticed signs for the Haengju Mountain Fortress. I only just realized recently that these two were the same place.
Just beyond the main gate is statue of General Kwon Yul, who led his force of 3,000 against some 30,000 Japanese troops. His remarkable victory is depicted in relief in four panels behind his gold-toned statue.
If you are looking for a quiet afternoon walk, with a commanding view of Seoul and the Han River, Haengjusanseong might be the answer.


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Wikipedia wrote:Dame Beryl Margaret Bainbridge, DBE (21 November 1934 – 2 July 2010) was an English novelist.
Bainbridge won the Whitbread Awards prize for best novel in 1977 and 1996; she was nominated five times for the Booker Prize. She was described in 2007 as "a national treasure". In 2008, The Times newspaper named Bainbridge among their list of "The 50 greatest British writers since 1945".
If you haven't read her books, I'd urge you to do so. They are marvellously comic while at the same time being intensely tragic.
She puts the reader into the story as an observer and allows you to see what the protagonists are blind to - often with hysterical consequences. Her book 'Young Adolf' for example tells the fictionalised story of a 23 year old Hitler going to Liverpool to stay with his half brother Alois and Bridget his Irish wife. This story is actually based on fact - Adolf Hitler did indeed live in Liverpool.
Anyway, Beryl Bainbridge will be sadly missed.
R.I.P. Dame Beryl


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Rochelle Ripp, the 65th Alice in Dairyland, shares why fair and festival season in Wisconsin and what makes it so special.
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The Beauty and Serenity of Wisconsin's Northwoods
Last Updated: 7/5/2012
Marnie Mamminga details the splendor and adventure that everyone is sure to experience in the Hayward Lakes Area of Wisconsin's Northwoods.
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Cycling Wisconsin with Bjorn Selander
Last Updated: 5/16/2012
Professional racer Bjorn Selander has had the opportunity to cycle around the world, but he shares his love for the place where his passion for the sport started: Wisconsin.
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Exploring the Biking Trails of Stevens Point
Last Updated: 4/12/2012
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text:
New Device Delivers Dazzling, Crystal-Clear Video Calling on
Logitech HD Pro Webcam C920 (Photo: Business Wire)
"People are increasingly relying on video calling to maintain far flung
connections," said
The Logitech HD Pro Webcam C920 captures full-HD 1080p video for
connecting with friends using Skype™ or in HD 720p for Windows Live™
Messenger. Thanks to H.264 advanced compression technology, you can
upload full-HD 1080p video clips or 15MP photos quickly and with one
click to
Logitech Fluid Crystal™ Technology is what sets a
The Logitech HD Pro Webcam C920 will also be offered to business customers, delivering an enhanced experience for videoconferencing and unified communications. To learn more, visit www.logitech.com/business.
Pricing and Availability
The Logitech HD Pro Webcam C920 is expected to be available in the U.S.
Photos/Multimedia Gallery Available: http://www.businesswire.com/cgi-bin/mmg.cgi?eid=50121934&lang=en
News Provided by Acquire Media
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text:
Volunteers Needed for Vaccine Study
Purpose of the study:
Tularemia or "rabbit fever' is a disease of animals and humans. It is caused by a bacterium called Francisella tularensis (F. tularensis) found in rodents, rabbits and hares.
In the United States, about 200 people are reported to have tularemia each year, usually after exposure to a sick animal. It can also be spread through being bitten by an infected tick, deerfly or other insect, by drinking contaminated water, by eating contaminated food, or by breathing in the dust from soil or animal pelts that are infected.
Some laboratory workers may be at risk of getting tularemia ether by direct contact with infected animals or by breathing in the bacteria. Tularemia is not spread through person to person contact.
There is currently no licensed vaccine to treat tularemia. The availability of a vaccine may protect from the disease or may result in a milder disease and fewer complications.
The vaccines to be used in this study are considered to be a type of live vaccine strain (LVS). LVS vaccines are prepared using live bacteria or viruses that have been altered so they are weaker but keep their ability to fight infection.
LVS vaccines do not contain bacteria that can cause full-blown, severe disease
Important points regarding the study:
- To be eligible, you must be a healthy adult, 18-45 years of age.
- There will be 9 visits over about 7 months.
- You will be compensated $75 per visit.
For more information about this study, please contact the Vaccine Center.
Please refer to Study #276.
314-977-6333 or 1-866-410-6333 (toll free)


text:
Room [%:roomNumber%]
Destination Of the Week: Istanbul hotels
UP TO 40% OFF and an extra 10% off with BEST10
From vibrant markets to historic architecture, we're celebrating Istanbul with our destination of the week. Save up to 40% on a range of hotels there, including our Top Secret Hotels, with this fantastic offer and enjoy beautiful pink skies, Turkish teas, and a rich cultural history.
Book before 10.00am 13th July!
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London hotels for you
22 Cool And Unusual Hotels Around The World
If you're thinking about treating your dad to something a little bit different this Father's Day – we've got a few suggestions.
These imaginative hotels have either transformed an old building or vehicle, have a distinct theme or view – or in some cases actually defy description.
See what made the list >
Why Waste Your Weekend
Apparently Britons spend more on a weekend at home than any other country in Europe according to a survey conducted by the team here at lastminute.com, with the average spend of a regular weekend being £136 – significantly more than the average spent by residents of Italy, Germany and France, and almost twice as much as the Spanish.
So, why not put that budget to better use and book yourself a weekend to remember, rather than one you'd rather forget? We've got plenty of 4-star city breaks in Europe that'll cost you little more (and sometimes less) than a weekend at home.
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Here at lastminute.com, we know hotels, and we aim to bring you the best price on a last minute booking. From modern apartments and traditional guesthouses to well-known brands and boutique accommodations; we've got a great choice of places to stay. If you're looking to save a bit of money on your holiday, check out our selection of cheap rooms, or if you want to celebrate in style, take a look at our 5-star luxury hotels. You could even treat yourself to some pampering on one of our spa breaks.
Why book our hotels?
Top Hotel Destinations
With a stay in one of our London hotels it's easy to see historic icons including Big Ben and St Paul's, as well as newer attractions like the London Eye and The Shard, catch a show in the West End or hang out with the hipsters in the East End, as we have rooms all over the city. If you fancy saving some extra money to spend in the stores of Knightsbridge and Oxford Street, then take a look at our selection of cheap London accommodations and browse through our London deals. Or see where the celebrities stay with our luxury hotels in town.
Search our hotels in London.
Just as exciting, Manchester is one of the country's most vibrant cities. Party the night away on Canal Street, or catch a match at Old Trafford; there's a wealth of exciting opportunities awaiting you with our hotels in Manchester, including rooms near Manchester airport.
Search our hotels in Manchester.
Amsterdam is one of the Continent's most popular places to visit, which is hardly surprising when you can stroll by its beautiful canals, shop at the famous flower market, and see historic sights like the Anne Frank House and Rijksmuseum. Soak up the city's unique culture in comfort and style.
Search our hotels in Amsterdam.


text:
- Musician's Friend Best Selection, Price & Service. Guaranteed.
Call our Gear Heads
at: 800-449-9128
Call our Gear Heads
at: 800-449-9128
Clarity and control that will set you free from stage-hogging floor monitors.
The Audio-Technica M2 in-ear monitoring system delivers professional performance giving you your own accurate mix without the problems of feedback and clutter caused by floor monitors. Using the M2 wireless system you can control the volume and mix of 2 separate signals using the M2R stereo bodypack receiver, ensuring that you hear yourself accurately. The AT M2 Wireless In-Ear Monitoring System's high-fidelity, articulate sound lets you hear yourself better at lower volumes, protecting your ears and providing the monitoring quality you need to perform your best.
Audio-Technica includes a set of EP3 in-ear headphones, M2T stereo transmitter, and M2R bodypack receiver with this wireless in-ear monitor.
The M2L earphones come with 3 sizes of rubber eartips, plus an ear-conforming foam tip for a comfortable feel and personal fit.
Hear yourself more clearly and completely with this great in-ear system.
Review Snapshot®by PowerReviews
Reviewed by 9 customers
Sort by
Best Uses
Comments about Audio-Technica M2 In-Ear Wireless Monitor System:
I was reading some reviews on here and I think that some people aren't using the system right.
Let me just clear things up.
There is a difference between mic and line level. People were claiming that it was too quiet, and yes, it is EXTREMELY quiet if you do not run it through some sort of mixing board. If I were to plug my mic straight into the transmitter, then there's no way I'd be able to hear myself over all the instruments. But, if you're playing at a place where the sound guy can run in ears then you can give your transmitter to him and he can run the monitor outs of the board into your transmitter. These signals will then be "line level" and that's what this system (and all systems) are made for.
I use this system for mostly every gig I play. I run my own vocal mic through them thanks to a mic splitter and a small mini mixer that I have mounted in my rack case. I plug my mic into the input of the splitter, then one output goes into the board, and one output goes into my mini mixer back at my rack case. The mini mixer then converts the signal to line level and I run stereo outputs into the transmitter.
Don't listen to the people who say it's too quiet. They don't understand this. None of these systems would be loud enough if you're running a mic level signal! This is a very good in ear system. The transmitter is metal and could definitely take a little of a beating, and the bodypack, although made of plastic, could also take a beating as well.
I would definitely recommend this system because it's very easy to set up and even with the setup I'm running (my mic splitter is kinda broken) it still produces clear sound and it's very easy to hear myself on stage.
To all these people saying that it's too quiet, if you set it up the correct way, then you could have this thing absolutely blowing up your ear drums.
All in all, a great wireless system.
Comments about Audio-Technica M2 In-Ear Wireless Monitor System:
Since going to a quite stage at our church I needed the best in-ear monitoring possible and went with custom molded monitors by Westone. Therefore, I needed a quality wireless system to complete my setup. I found everything I needed and more in the Audio Technica M2 system. I couldn't be more pleased with the value I received for the money I invested. I literally took it out of the box, plugged it in, installed batteries, turned it on and it worked! I guess I could have spent a lot more money, but I'm not real sure as to what I would have accomplished other than having less monney in my pocket. Thanks AT, Terry
Best Uses
Comments about Audio-Technica M2 In-Ear Wireless Monitor System:
I've had my M2s for over a year now, and they are rock solid. I can't imagine being on stage without them. Was very easy to adjust all the settings to get an optimal mix and level between vocals and instruments balanced between left and right ears.The health of my voice and ears now owes much to A-T. I use them 2-3 times per week, and am very impressed with the comfort and feel of the buds. I thought I would have to shell out for custom buds, but after each time I use them, it becomes less and less a desire. They sound great and the noise cancelling is very good. I've added an ambiance mic when solo, which really makes a difference interacting with a crowd I can hear. Once you experience the M2, I doubt you will ever wedge again. Just walk out of that sweet spot of a floor monitor and you'll understand that will never happen with the M2.
Comments about Audio-Technica M2 In-Ear Wireless Monitor System:
Audio-Technica M2 In-Ear Wireless Monitor System!!As a vocalist in a hard rock band this is the best piece of equipment I have ever purchased. If I can help it I will never perform another show without them. The headphone as you have been reading is junk, but replace them with a nice set if in-ears and you got yourself a great set. I got in-ear molds at a place on line. www.earplugsuperstore. For $115.00 they sent me an impressions kit. I molded them myself, sent them back, and in two weeks I got a fresh pair of in-ear molds. These molds replace the existing buds on your head phones. If you move around on stage like you should this is a must. In-ear monitors are so important to me. I no longer have to fight the band to hear myself at practice, and I no longer have to deal with floor monitors on stage. The best thing is I can hear myself crystal clear, in increases my vocal endurance, and best of all I don?t have ringing ears an after practice and a gig. I would defiantly recommend these to anyone. I have had this set for 6 months now.
Comments about Audio-Technica M2 In-Ear Wireless Monitor System:
These are a terrible unit.1) The RF noise is really bad.2) They are so quiet, they are unusable on stage, even in Church3) The sound quality is terrible. Even with $500 ear buds, the sound is the worst I
Comments about Audio-Technica M2 In-Ear Wireless Monitor System:
I purchased this M2 stuff recently, and I used it several times during the rehearslas. As drummer, needed to hear all the band crystal clear. Well, the headphones provided are not so loud as I expected, but I used a pair of Sennheiser CX271 (120 db) that are much better. Overall I like very much this stuff, but to hear all well, you need to be friend with the sound engineer....otherwise all the best gear in the World won't help you at all.
Comments about Audio-Technica M2 In-Ear Wireless Monitor System:
I used this for the first time last night and discovered that I could not get enough volume by plugging my microphone (SURE 58) straight into the M2 unit but we fixed that by running a monitor mix from the board and it was great. (I actually had to have them turn my down mid gig which has never happened before). Next we are going to run two channels from the board to the M a solo VOX channel and Band Mix which I?m guessing will fix my volume issues and allow me to use the personal mix on the body pack. We defiantly have a way to go before this is dialed in but I like it better than floor wedges and can defiantly see the potential. I?ve never heard myself so clear before, it?s not loud and thumping but I?m OK with that since I can hear everything. I am going to upgrade the ear buds ASAP since they distorted a bit on the kick drum but very happy so far.
Comments about Audio-Technica M2 In-Ear Wireless Monitor System:
If you play anywhere bigger than a coffeehouse then this unit is just not loud enough. After recieving one that didn't work at all I had to argue with the customer service department at AT to send me a replacement. When I got the replacement unit I was greatly disappointed with the quality of the unit and the volume level. In order to hear anything every knob, on the board and the unit itself, had to be turned all the way up. I regret buying the unit and I now realize that I should have bought the shure psm200. I will be selling the unit.
Comments about Audio-Technica M2 In-Ear Wireless Monitor System:
I recently purchased this set of in-ears on suggestion...I wasn't considering Audio-Technica at first but wow I'm sure glad I did. These in Ears are absolutely incredible! The ear buds deafen any cymbal bleed or any unwanted noise, the controls are very easy to turn your level up or down while on stage, and the transmitter sends a clear and crisp signal. I've always struggled with hearing my vocals at shows or even at practice and it caused me to be pitchy and sometimes out of tune but ever since owning these those problems are no more. Im finally "one of those guys" who always says...if you spend the money and get a good set of in-ears...it will be the best investment you ever made! And this statement reads completely true. Features: Good Standard Features...a (4.5) Cause to adjust your channels on your receiver is a little harder then the Digital Display M3 model but not impossible. Quality:(5.0) I was very happy to see the rackmount panels for the Transmitter and the Belt Clip is very strong and I have no worrys have it breaking while on stage. The Audio quality is crisp and clear through the supplied ear buds. Value: (5.0) I always think wireless is too expensive to begin with but with all music gear you get what you pay for. Overall: Absolutely great unit if your looking for a good set of in-ears...not the cheapest but worth the money.
Our product catalog varies by country due to manufacturer restrictions. If you change the Ship-To country, some or all of the items in your cart may not ship to the new destination.


text:
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Transparent Italian Complete Edition
The Transparent Italian Complete Edition is an entire comprehensive language course in one affordable package. Experience a full range of multimedia tools including computer programs, online resources, mp3 files, audio lessons, and more. Explore lessons, games, immersion videos, virtual environments, and stories as you achieve Complete Italian proficiency.
What do I get?
With Transparent Italian Complete Edition, you get a powerful and flexible language learning solution in one affordable package. Whether you prefer audio courses, reading, immersion, or conversational practice, Complete will lead you to Italian proficiency in no time.
What will I learn?
Transparent Italian Complete Edition will help you:
You'll begin by building vocabulary and phrase knowledge with Quick Start Lists designed to get you up and running with the MOST crucial words and phrases so that you can become functional in your new language as quickly as possible. You'll then learn thousands of other words and phrases, including the following topics:
System Requirements
Windows: Windows XP Service Pack 2, Windows Vista or higher.
iPod® or MP3 Player for Byki Pod files: iPod Video or nano required to display pictures and play sounds. Other MP3 players can play sounds, but may not support picture display.


text: I like Kaitlyn as well and I think she would be a pretty good champ although she has room for improvement... but then again who doesn't? I also wanted to add how cool it was to see that segment between her, Layla, and Eve last night. Man, they beat the brakes off dat girl Eve lolol. And in the next segment Josh was talking about wrestling buddies??????? WHA??????? anyways that's my 2 cents


text:
Cool Roof: $15,000
Chillers: $175/kW reduction
Lighting: $175/kW reduction
Water Heating: $700
Energy Audits and CFLs: Free
Insulation (Ceiling): $0.255/sq. ft.
Insulation (Wall): $0.40/sq. ft.
Insulation (Roof): $0.15/sq. ft.
Window Film: $1.25/sq. ft.
Chillers: $0.56 - $1.17/kW reduction
Cool Roof: $0.60/sq. ft.
Duct Repair: $300/upgraded HVAC unit
Motors: $6/HP upgrade
Energy Recovery Ventilation: $1.32 - $2.26/CFM
Air Conditioning ECM Equipment: $180/hp
Refrigeration ECM Equipment: $125/hp
HVAC Maintenance: $25/ton
Lighting: $0.175/W reduction
LED Exit Sign: $25/unit
Lighting Occupancy Sensors: $25/unit
Refrigeration Anti-Condensate Heat Strip: $0.65/ln. ft.
Water Heater: $0.01166/Btu
Direct Expansion A/C: $50/ton
Package Terminal A/C: $37/ton
Tampa Electric offers a variety of incentives for commercial and industrial customers to increase the efficiency of eligible facilities. Tampa Electric also offers a free energy audit to non-residential customers to help businesses to use energy more efficiently. Rebates are offered for energy efficient chillers, lighting, lighting occupancy sensors, air conditioners, duct inspections/repair, solar window film, ceiling and wall insulation upgrades, motors, refrigeration equipment and heat pump water heaters. All equipment must meet specific energy efficiency standards listed on the program web site. Interested customers should see the program web site for rebate applications and additional program details.
Chillers: varies by size and type, details listed on program web site
Direct Expansion Air Conditioners: 10.5 EER minimum (varies by size)
Package Terminal Air Conditioners: 11.5 EER minimum
Heat Pump Water Heater: must be electric and meet ARI and ASHRAE standards, have a minimum coefficient of performance of 3.0 and be based on 120 degree (or greater) leaving water temperature


text:
It's a question that's baffled the Western world for centuries. How the heck do you get "Bob" from "Robert," and which genius decided that "Bill" is a good way of shortening up "William?" Like most one-syllable names, "Brent" doesn't lend itself easily to an alternate handle, and it happens to sound pretty cool as it is. Nonetheless, in the case of Brent Jarvis, we'd like to throw an odd nickname of our own into the mix. Based on the way the man can set up a car, you might as well call him "Chad," as in Chad Knaus. You know, the guy who's arguably the best crew chief of all time, the one that's helped propel Jimmie Johnson to four-straight championships in NASCAR's premiere series? Like a Cup car, every nut and bolt in Brent's '68 Chevelle has been painstakingly scrutinized and optimized for on-track performance. And boy, is this sucker dialed in.
For instance, to haul the 2-ton sled down before entering a complex of chicanes, it packs six-piston Wilwood clamps at each corner, and a network of custom air ducts that keep the rotors cool. Twin fuel pumps virtually eliminate the potential for pressure failure, and a custom air-bleed system in the fuel lines protects against vapor lock. In the engine bay, dual remote oil separators prevent oil from spitting out of the breathers during high-g maneuvering. Furthermore, all the suspension geometry, spring rates, and shock valving have been vigorously tuned at the track. Brent can even increase or decrease sway bar stiffness in 75 lb-ft increments depending on race conditions. Not only does this Chevelle pull over 1 g in lateral acceleration, it runs the quarter-mile in 10.39 seconds at 137 mph on drag radials through a five-speed stick, courtesy of a nitrous-sucking 565ci big-block that throws down 804 rear-wheel horsepower. Oh yeah, the Chevelle just happens to be an original SS396 four-speed car, and is used as a daily driver.
If the name Brent Jarvis sounds familiar, it's because we've been tapping into the expertise and manpower of his shop-Performance Restorations in Mundelein, Illinois-during the build of our '65 Old Cutlass project car. A drag racer at heart, Brent owns a 7-second Pro Street '59 Corvette that's now been retired from active NMCA competition, and has had an NHRA pro license (good to 6.50s!) for the last 20 years. Straight-line proclivities notwithstanding, Brent has always appreciated cars that handle well. "Driving a car with 4-inch-wide front tires on the street isn't any fun at all, so I've always built my cars to handle well. The problem was that there just weren't any good suspension parts you could put on muscle cars back in the early '70s," he says. "My first car was a '65 Chevelle, and I figured out early on that you can shim the control arms for more caster, swap in Camaro spindles for more camber, and install urethane bushings and sway bars out of a big-block car to beef up the handling. When the Pro Touring scene started becoming popular, suspension parts were much easier to get and made your car look cool, but you couldn't really tell how well they worked without taking your car on a road course. After my first lap around a road course, I was hooked and used each outing as an opportunity to improve my car's setup."


text:
Why would a bluetooth speaker be better or worse than the soon to be released airplay speakers?
- Asked by Jason D from Allen
JAMBOX by Jawbone Wireless Speaker
Product No Longer Available
7 Answers from the Community
Best Answer:
BETTER because BT works just about anywhere between your device and the JamBox. AirPlay will use WiFi and you'll need access to an existing WiFi network instead of creating your own BT network
WORSE because BT doesn't have the bandwidth for full range audio. If you're a critical listener, you may not be satisfied. Less critical listeners probably won't notice the difference anyway.
- Answered by R A M from Hayward
A bluetooth speaker can be used anywhere (car, outdoors, etc). Airplay uses your wifi network.
- Answered by Richard L from Somerville
This speaker will work with any compatible bluetooth device not just apple ones. It is independant of your home wifi and can be used anywhere.
- Answered by Geoffrey H
The only big advantage I can see with a bluetooth speaker is that you would also be able to receive a phone call and talk using the speaker however I don't know if airplay can do this or not. Hope this helps!
- Answered by Ryan M from Johnson City
A bluetooth speaker is portable. It can go wherever you go.
Airplay will be limited to devices (Apple TV, Airport Express) that support it.
- Answered by Christopher M from Toronto
There is a delay with audio from apps over Airplay, so would not be good for gaming. There is no delay over Bluetooth.
- Answered by Jacob C from Baltimore
AirPlay does more than just stream your music to external speakers. It streams information about your music too. Song titles, artists, album names, elapsed and remaining time, and album artwork all appear on AirPlay-enabled speakers with graphical displays.
- Answered by Niall M from Birmingham


text:
Hello Kitty Party Ideas
Age Group
- American Girl(1)
- Barbie(13)
- Bratz(1)
- Disney Olaf(1)
- Diva Zebra(1)
- Elmo(1)
- Everything One(1)
- Flowers & Butterflies(1)
- Glow in the Dark Party(1)
- Harry Potter(3)
- Hello Kitty
- Hello Kitty Balloon Dreams(18)
- Hello Kitty Rainbow(39)
- Just Dance(1)
- Lalaloopsy(37)
- Monster High(82)
- My Little Pony(7)
- Novi Stars(5)
- Pink Zebra Boutique(1)
- Raggedy Ann & Andy(3)
- Sesame Street(1)
- Strawberry Shortcake(14)
- Uglydoll(2)
Apparel Size
Product Type
Customer Rating
A bright, kind-hearted feline, Hello Kitty is a great friend to have at a birthday party!
Hello Kitty is a nickname for Kitty White. She lives in a suburb of London with her father George White, her mother Mary White and her twin sister Mimmy White. Hello Kitty loves baking, music and art. Like all kitties, she is naturally curious about finding and collecting cute things, and our vast selection of adorable Hello Kitty party supplies, activities and costumes make transforming your world into Hello Kitty's world as easy as pie! From must-have purrrrfectly pretty bows to feline-friendly costumes, the world's most famous kitty knows just how to sweeten your special day. Kittens love to play and our selection of games and crafts keeps things fun rain or shine. Tiaras and tutus offer a fabulous way for your little felines to get into their favorite Kitty character, so set the stage, get into costume and let the games begin!
Anyone who knows anything about Kitty White knows how much she loves art. Indulge the creative guests at your party and let them use their artistic talents for making Hello Kitty necklaces. They can design them like the necklaces Hello Kitty likes to wear, or they can make up their own.
Planning Tip
Spend some quality time with your mini kitty in the kitchen before the party by baking individual cupcakes for the girls on your list. Then, during the party, let them ice and decorate their own cake. Set the stage by adding decorations to your party room. Having fun is always the ultimate goal for every Hello Kitty kitty!
the Invites
Invite your daughter's friends to join your daughter's birthday party with their favorite feline, Hello Kitty. Use the invitation to set the theme for the party, and remind all the guests that – in true Hello Kitty style – there will be cakes! To enhance the theme even more, encourage the girls to dress up.
Bring some glitz to your gala with whimsical Hello Kitty party decorations. Felines and fun go hand in paw, and with so many Hello Kitty decorations to choose from, you can quickly and easily stage your party room for everything kitty. Kitties love confetti, so start by sprinkling a large amount of shimmer throughout your room. Of course the birthday girl will be dressed to impress, and just like her pet kitty, Charmmy, Kitty White has a natural curiosity for all things shiny. Be sure to add lots of shiny objects like foil balloons and jewelry to the mix, and don't forget the tiaras!
Hello Kitty Airwalker
Sharing the fun is the Hello Kitty way to play, so get things started by filling the air with lots of Hello Kitty balloons. Your group of frisky felines will be romping about and batting balloons back and forth in no time.
Hello Kitty Swirls
Add some whimsy with Hello Kitty swirls. Hang them from any window, on the wall or from the ceiling for just the right amount of kitty style! They're easy to hang, can be used indoors or out and are reusable, too. Felines love to get wrapped up in pretty swirls!
Create a fun party table with mix-and-match Hello Kitty tableware and napkins. Choose from a spectrum of colorful place settings in solid or Hello Kitty themed designs. Let your guests savor each sip with Hello Kitty cups designed in jewel tones. Keep little paws clean and tidy with Hello Kitty napkins. Let them eat cake served on sweet little dessert plates with cute, colorful utensils. Surprise your guests and give them something to remember by adding a touch of Hello Kitty style in the form of a little goody bag placed at each setting. After all, everyone loves presents!
Hello Kitty loves to play and she also loves art. Get a craft session started by offering your guests some simple art supplies, and let each one create their own Hello Kitty mask, collar and tail. Name the cat is another fun game, so divide into teams and see which team can identify the most pictures of famous cats. Hello Kitty always makes the best of her situation and you can, too. With these and a host of other options to pick from, you'll be ready for anything – rain or shine!
Sweet inside and out, this Hello Kitty bag of goodies is just waiting to be discovered. Laughs will fill the room as your little felines try to break open the piñata. If this is too difficult for your kittens to do, just pull each string to reveal the treats inside!
Dress Up
Every kitty worth her weight in jewelry knows getting into the right outfit makes all the difference. This charming Hello Kitty tutu dress is just the ticket to instantly transport you to Kitty's world. Add some Hello Kitty ears, a bow headband and let the dancing begin. Don't forget a tiara!
"Itty-bitty kind and pretty"
"Sweet dreams"
"Hello kitty"
"Happy birthday from the heart"
"Keep calm, Hello Kitty loves you"
"Keep calm and love"
"Hello kitty goodbye kitty"
More is never enough when it comes to party favors, and Kitty White loves to share her stuff. When she was first introduced in 1974, Hello Kitty was known as the little white kitten with no name. Since then she has become a well-known icon and is loved around the world. Stock up on everything Kitty with this large selection of fun, Kitty party favors. Choose from an array of iconic Hello Kitty options including stickers, bubble wands, jump ropes and lots of other accessories and toys. You can never have too many party favors, according to Hello Kitty!
Cupcake Wrapper
Pick Kit
Hello Kitty wants to be sure you have something sweet to remember her by until the next time you get together. These adorable cupcake wrapper and pick kits are a great addition to your already-fabulous goody bags. Guests will bid you adieu and remember a day filled with whimsy, charm and, of course, plenty of treats!
Filled Mega
Value Pack
Dish out lots of fun treats for your guests with this Hello Kitty mega value pack. Filled with an assortment of everything Hello Kitty, all your favorite little felines will go home with their own keepsakes from a day full of memories that will live on forever!
Cellphone Lip
Gloss Compact
Hello Kitty loves to look her best and is always dressed to impress. This little gem is sure to up your fashion quotient and create some cat chat! The ever-so-cute, charming compact comes with seven hip shades of lip-gloss, a mirror and an antenna that doubles as a lip brush.


text:
|Amount Per Serving
|% Daily Value
|Maca Extract [4:1] (Lepidium meyenii) (root)
|525 mg
Added to My List as a guest*.
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Vitacost Maca Extract -- 525 mg - 200 Capsules
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|Amount Per Serving
|% Daily Value
|Maca Extract [4:1] (Lepidium meyenii) (root)
|525 mg
Herbal supplement that may enhance libido and endurance in men.*
What is maca extract?
Maca (Lepidium meyenii), a member of the Brassicacea family, is an annual plant that grows in the highlands of Peru and is believed to have been cultivated as far back as 2,000 years ago. Maca has been used as a food source in the Andes and has folklore surrounding it that includes increases in stamina, energy and libido enhancing qualities.*
How does maca extract support health?
Why choose Vitacost Maca Extract?
About Vitacost
Vitacost nutritional products are manufactured to high standards of quality, efficacy and safety. Each Vitacost product meets or exceeds the standards and requirements set forth in the FDA's Code of Federal Regulation (21 CFR, 111) Current Good Manufacturing Practices (CGMP).
*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.
As a dietary supplement, take 1 capsule with food daily, or as directed by a healthcare professional.
Store in a cool, dry place.
Vitacost price: $6.59
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I'm more excited about new ownership than anything else this summer.
How could we not afford Carmelo when Lakers, had Kobe, Nash, Dwight, Pau, and Artest.
Warriors fans gloating that love will go there. I hate that they are a hot franchise
do you guys think free agents will still have interest in signing with us?


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Five months ago, the Wichita Falls City Council made it possible, and today The Yard food truck park officially opened.
Grab your tickets to see great bands at the 2015 Downtown St. Patrick's Day event!
The band line up has been announced for the Annual Downtown Wichita Falls Saint Patrick's Day Festival.
Things are heating up this weekend at the Downtown Wichita Falls Farmer's Market for Pepper Day.
Downtown Wichita Falls Development releases the band line up for next month's Cajun Fest.
The annual event is March 15 starting at 4:30 p.m. on the corner of 8th and Indiana in historic downtown Wichita Falls.
This year's St. Patrick's Day Festival will have some exciting entertainment hitting Downtown Wichita Falls.
On the heels of a 2005 decision to move medical training from Sheppard Air Foce Base, the City of Wichita Falls conducted a study to try to diversify and develop the local economy in case more cuts came in the future.
Work continues on the original Zales building in Downtown Wichita Falls.
The annual City Lights Parade is Saturday in Wichita Falls
IronE Singleton will be in Wichita Falls this weekend to promote Teens Make a Difference and the Zombie Crawl.
Downtown Proud officials says improving the downtown area continues even after the closure of the First Wichita Building.
Let the good times roll Saturday in Downtown Wichita Falls!
Big changes are coming to the Downtown Wichita Falls Farmer's Market.
Downtown Development hopes to draw people to the area with first ever Christmas Crawl.
Downtown Wichita Falls set to host a Christmas Crawl.
Get ready to celebrate the season.
Zombie Crawl Coming Soon
Downtown Wichita Falls Development sponsored the market this year after taking over the operation from the city of Wichita Falls. Farmers say that change in command really revitalized the market and brought in more business.
The lease agreement will be discussed at Tuesday's city council meeting.


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Ziriath wrote:I have nothing against good fanfiction- but I don't want to wade through a river of slash and Mary Sue-ness, searching for unlucky good pieces sunken somewhere there. Sometimes I feel disgusted just from reading the annotations.
But a story of alternate Jingo seems very interesting to me.
You'd be surprised how few sues there actually are. But, sadly, those that are there are HOR-RIB-BLE.
Mhnn... Maybe someone should open a fanfiction recommendation thread (the recommendations on tvtropes aren't that much of good picks IMHO)
(Out of curiousity: what annotations/summaries?)


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text:
It's Story Time
Intermediate18 videos6 units
- Unit 1: A Person's CharacterUnit 1
- Unit 2: What Happened ThenUnit 2
- Unit 3: School BluesUnit 3
- Unit 4: Smart AnimalsUnit 4
- Unit 5: Fairy TalesUnit 5
- Unit 6: How Things BeganUnit 6
- Start
The Mean Chef
About this Video
The staff of an unkind chef makes him realize the error of his ways and helps him run his restaurant better.
Source: Compass Media
Key Learning Points
- telling a story
- giving reasons
Anna the Babysitter
About this Video
A girl discovers the joys and pains in taking care of her baby sister.
Source: Compass Media
Key Learning Points
- narrating an experience
- describing feelings
The Shepherd and the Wild Sheep
About this Video
It is a story about a shepherd neglecting his own herd to gain the wild sheep.
Source: Compass Publishing
Key Learning Points
- describing an event
- stating reasons
Quiz Words from These Videos
About this QuizQuiz yourself on 15 words and phrases from this unit.
This 6-unit course includes words taken from Paul Nation's 4,000 Essential English Words. Each unit presents three narrative stories and a quiz that will help you improve your reading skills and learn important words of the English language. At the end of the course, you should be more familiar with famous classic stories and have an expanded vocabulary. These stories talk about:
- A Person's Character
- What Happened Then
- School Blues
- Smart Animals
- Fairy Tales
- How Things Began
Demo Mode
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words learned
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Register for Free to Track Progress
Share it with your friends
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Register for Free to Track Progress
Register. It's free!
Teacher Webinar Sign-up.


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Among the top content-related industry trends is that of companies looking to align and leverage content across a variety of communication channels both internally and externally.This focus on removing content silos and reusing content from paper to mobile includes how content is published on company websites.
During this webinar, we'll cover the use of Alfresco as the "content hub" for your enterprise and how Alfresco and Crafter Software combine to provide the ideal Web Experience Management solution for the Content Connected Enterprise.
The presentation will include:
* Alfresco for the Content Connected Enterprise
* Crafter + Alfresco
* Crafter Demo
* Why Zia
As Alfresco's Partner of the Year , Zia Consulting is focused on providing a wide range of content solutions built on Alfresco.
Join Zia for this presentation covering specific uses cases and customer examples demonstrating how to leverage Alfresco & Crafter to modernize your website.