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- Patrick Murphy
- Eugene, OR
- United States
This conversation is closed.
Buggin' Out: Urban Bug Farming for the Future
In many cultures eating insects is more than a delicacy – it's a food staple. However, the use of bugs as a mainstream ingredient is a foreign idea in the developed world. As the human population continues to grow, we have to think about how to feed people. The UN's Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) has shown interest in using insects as an alternative food source. Due to their high concentration of the eight essential amino acids, vitamin B12, riboflavin, vitamin A, amazingly efficient converters that leave a much smaller environmental impact on the planet than cattle.
Once technologies are developed to produce insect-based food ingredients they can be incorporated into numerous food products. They would make great protein substitutes as any food additives to cereal, snack bars, or traditional meals. The high nutritional value, probiotic potential, and affordable price are just a few reasons why many Asian and Latin restaurants already offer insects on their menu.
Rethinking the urban farm and how to deal with the upcoming need to increase food supplies, Claire Lemarchand is planning a series of cricket farms to be placed throughout cities, that go beyond just growing bugs. Crickets are bred in cylindrical units surrounding a light source, to optimize yield, and are fed fresh food waste from the market and surrounding restaurants. While at night, the cricket farming units double as an urban lighting system.
Is urban bug farming a valid food source strategy? What other ideas could be implemented into our food supply networks? Or, could push the boundaries of urban farming and sustainable food sources to better prepare for future food demands?
Why Insects Should Be in Your Diet By Aaron T. Dossey
The Cricket Bigger Than Beef By Claire Lemarchand
Ryan Garrett
Jun 4 2013: I've eaten quite a few bugs intentionally and unintentionally, and I think crickets are the best I've had. In class today I was tracing my interest in eating insects, and I think it goes back to the Lion King. I'll bet this clip planted a seed in most of our young brains that insects are cool to eat http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HqREvb2VTjw
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Anna Crist
Jun 4 2013: Maybe other kids could also be inspired to eat bugs by the Lion King. As others have said, I think the mental block we have developed due to the US culture is the biggest obstacle we face for incorporating insects into our diet. I think that making food products where you can't see/tell that it contains insects would be the most effective way of getting people to eat them (ground up in cereal bars?). I think a lot of clever advertising would need to be done in order to sell such products. Maybe the next popular protein bar could have crickets in it!
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Do you think that the crickets would be a disturbance due to their chirping at night? I don't know if I would want live near the cricket farms/lights...
Jun 4 2013: It would be super cool to see a partnership between a major food producer and a large animation company (such as Disney or Pixar) to start working on insect promotion in kids' diets.
Jun 4 2013: Yeah! That's definitely along the lines of what I was thinking. If kids saw relatable a human character enjoying eating some delicious bugs, they might be more inclined to eat some as well. The fear of eating bugs is not inherent, so we just have to promote consuming insects before US culture gets to kids. Changing culture is hard!Jun 4 2013: I would love to see cricket protein bars! I think they would be really popular once people saw Brad and Angelina feeding them to their kids.
I think the fear of eating certain bugs might be inherent. Slimy worms might make me throw up, and hairy spiders give me the heebie jeebies, but crickets and grasshoppers are basically land shrimp. In China it is common to eat scorpions, but of course they remove the stinger. I'd like to try spicy fried scorpion.Jun 5 2013: The visual appeal is definitely the biggest hurdle I see in getting bug eating onto the mainstream market. There are ways to get around this, if you have solid justification behind why bug eating is clearly better than other meats, but I'm not sure there is a strong enough argument here.
Let's break down the nutritional facts for a second. The average cricket weighs 0.6 ounces. If we convert to grams, it would take about 7 crickets to have 100 grams (the average serving size for a piece of meat). Most people could probably stomach 7 crickets, so luckily the issue is not that you have to consume unreasonable quantities in order to gain any nutritional value. However, in 100 grams of crickets there is only 6.7 grams of protein and an impressive 562 calories (according to Bay Area Bug Eating Society). Compared to the same amount of chicken, which has 21 grams of protein, roughly the same amount of fat, and only 172 calories, the nutritional value here is not in the bugs' favor. Crickets do out rank chicken in terms of other nutrients like iron, but so do plenty of vegetables. There are other insects like caterpillars and large spiders that offer better protein levels, though these insects are even less appetizing in my opinion.
For some areas of the world that don't have access to meats or are restricted by religious and cultural beliefs, insects are a fine source of nutrition. But, I don't think we all need to jump on the bandwagon just yet and go bananas for bugs. A push to more sustainable agricultural practices will solve many of our current woes, including overproduction. Slowing down the food production process I think will lead to less overproduction and less waste. In terms of food demands, we have more than enough food in the world to support its entire population. So why are so many people still starving worldwide? There is a huge problem in how food is distributed and who is allowed access to food.
Jon Cox
Jun 5 2013: Great post! It is easy to get caught up in a new idea that appears to be just the ticket. Eating insects is not going to solve anything on its own, but it is possibly part of a solution. From what I can tell, if a portion of the typical western consumption of beef was replaced by an equivalent protein intake from insects, there would be some positive environmental impacts. Will eating bugs fix the food problems of the world? Nope, but there is lots of evidence suggesting that integrating insect protein into diets of developed nations is at least a small step in the right direction.
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Jun 5 2013: John! you are exactly right, and I think that's a constant controversy when talking about food scarcity. We are looking for the short cut, easiest way to manipulate the environment for our benefit. This is an inconceivable method for solving something as complex as food production. As we learn from ecology and biodiversity, it is a combination of innumerable factors that creates a healthy ecosystem and it can be done on farms as well. Miguel Medialdea from Veta la Palma in Spain has managed to create the perfect farming environment where there are no negatives from the farming. Not too mention the outstanding benefits that result from his fish farm; actually purifying the water, bringing more diversity into the ecosystem, and the magic part, he doesn't even feed his fish. 100% unfed fish are raised in this natural sustainable farm. These kind of practices are what we really need more than the single save all food solution that everyone keeps desperately searching for.
Hannah Hunt
Jun 5 2013: I'm so surprised that 100 grams of crickets has so many calories in it. Are there any other insects that have a smaller caloric value closer to chicken? I think, besides it being insects, that this could make people hesitant to eating them, especially since obesity is so prevalent nowadays and eating healthy and exercising is such a fad right now. I think maybe in developing nations where famine is more common this could be a good option. Insects are found everywhere, so growing them would not be too hard.
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I think we have to switch to a more plant-based diet. Insects are a good idea for getting some protein and other nutrients, but I do not think that it will replace cattle. Instead, it will probably just become another option on a menu as it becomes more acceptable, at least in developed nations.
Jun 5 2013: I got those stats from this website: http://www.planetscott.com/babes/nutrition.asp
I cannot attest to the accuracy of the source, but, not knowing anything about bug nutrition, I can only assume these are good estimates. I found another source that doesn't list calories, but fat and protein levels in bugs and different types of meat. The trend there was the same: about the same amount of fat (except in beef and pork) but double the amount of protein. My initial thought when researching was that, because crickets are so small, you would have to eat a ton of them to reach the same amount of traditional meat and that would be a big turn off. Eating one cricket is fine, but 30 or 40? No thanks! Fortunately, and a surprise to me, it looks like that is not the case.
Switching to a plant-based diet would be ideal, and better for overall health. I don't think we need to eliminate meat from the diet altogether, just be more conscious of where it comes from and how it is made. My family and I make a personal choice to buy meat and dairy products only from free range, grass fed cows farmed locally. Same goes for chicken (cage-free eggs, vegetarian feed). It is healthier to eat, more humane for the animals, and supports local, sustainable agriculture. It is more expensive, but worth it our opinion. If we incentivize this type of farming, feedlots will go away and it will become cheaper for everyone to have organic food. If you can stomach it, I highly recommend to you all the film Food, Inc. It highlights all the problems of conventional agriculture and its impact on human and animal health. It's funny how something as natural as raising a cow in a field of grass and not pumping it full of hormones and antibiotics is now such a foreign and stigmatized concept in the food industry.
Jaeuck Kim
Jun 4 2013: P.S : I found "canned Bundaeggi" in the one of local Asian markets in Eugene!!!
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Look like this----->http://koreanfoodcrime.files.wordpress.com/2009/12/bundaegi1.jpg
If you want, I will buy one can, and try it in our class tomorrow as a novel experiment ;-)
Ryan Garrett
Jun 4 2013: please do! I am going to bring in a surprise edible bug for people to try tomorrow. we should have a bug buffet!Jun 4 2013: I think this is a great idea and, being in America during our social media era, all a topic like this needs is some sort of social media trend for it to take off. Think about the organic era that started about five or so years ago, a small community of people started out eating organically or "green" until it became a national trend in which now there are entire grocery/food supply stores dedicated to eating organically. Because eating insects, as the two sources you provided stated, can have extremely healthy benefits including high-protein and low fat potentials for humans if consumed, I think if some small community (espcially a if it were the younger generation) began experimenting with eating insects and started seeing positive outcomes, this is something I could definitely see the United States taken part in. The only question is if there are enough people out there to be brave enough to take part in this idea, and, whether or not it would become widely available or not.
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Also, like most organisms within the animal kingdom during this century, there is concern about the loss/extinction of insect species due to many things (mostly human activity). Knowing how important insects are to the over food chain (without thinking about us humans starting to munch on them), biodiversity, and ecosystem health across the world, if humans began eating insects regularly and there becomes a demand for a stable healthy insect population, using societies consumeristic and demand habits, it could be beneficial for insect population stability, and indirectly ecosystem health, and overall environmental biodiversty. Let's us our selfish needs in a reverse psychology way to save the planet!
Heres a popular media website on endangerment to insects: http://www.endangeredspeciesinternational.org/insects5.html
Also, heres an article about the high protein/low fat potential when eating insects:
Todd Cee
Jun 5 2013: I agree John, this is a great idea! Growing up in Germany in the 50's I learned a lot about hard times, and a lot about what bugs tasted the best! LOL! I think that other posters are right when they say that Americans probably won't like the idea of eating bugs at first. Maybe we could start off with using the bugs to feed people who otherwise can't afford good protein like beef or chicken. In fact, I see these urban bug farms as a way to eliminate the homeless problem in cities too! The homeless people could live and work on the farms where they would be provided with payment in the form of shelter and food, all while showing people that bugs are safe to eat, and tasty too!
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I can tell you from experience that bugs taste just like fried chicken, so I'm sure that most of the homeless people in my city would just love to eat them! LOL!
God Bless
-Todd C.Jun 4 2013: When I was little, somewhere around 6 or 7, the Exploratorium in San Francisco had a special exhibit that featured edible bugs. Maybe it helped a little bit that I was a tom boy but I was super excited to try and eat something that was usually so taboo to ingest.
All that I remember eating were ants and a scorpion, although I'm sure there were other things to try. And they were good! I think now I would be much more hesitant to try something like that for the first time, as our social values of not eating bugs have been ingrained in me.
The exhibit was not necessarily a push for people to start eating bugs all the time but it did highlight the fact that in other cultures consuming bugs is quite common. It was a great place and way to introduce to children an alternative to the sigma we have grown up with. I think if we do want to make eating bugs a common thing in society it should definitely start with educating kids about it.
Here is an article about the exhibit and the man behind it.
Jun 4 2013: Yeah, actually, I had an experience kind of like that, where at a market/faire thing I went to when I was little there was a man who was selling different kinds of roasted bugs, and I think I tried curry crickets or something? They were surprisingly good. I do think that kind of thing brought really good attention and raised awareness to the fact that many cultures regularly eat bugs and that it's a normal thing to do. Which I think is pretty cool.
Personally, I can't yet see myself eating bugs as a staple of my diet and a main protein source, but I do think it's a good idea in general to start looking at things like eating bugs as an alternative food source, as the current food production methods on this planet are seriously harming the environment. I really agree that introducing kids to bug eating early is going to be key if this is ever going to be a viable option.Jun 4 2013: I think my cultural hesitation to eating bugs differs from most people in our class and our country. I can see the potential environmental benefits compared to other forms of meat production, which make a very compelling argument, but I can't help but think about the vast quantities of lives that will be exploited for food. I was raised Buddhist, and thus was taught that all sentient beings are valuable. Though my brother eats meat, he tries to eat beef more often than chicken because one cow can feed more people. The cultural barrier I face stems from the sheer number of bugs that will be raised to be food.
If the concern is using land more efficiently to feed people, the answer is simple to me: vegetarianism.
Here's an interesting and short article about different vegan/vegetarian responses to insect eating: http://www.mnn.com/food/healthy-eating/blogs/eating-insects-vegans-and-vegetarians-weigh-in
ben head
Jun 5 2013: This is a good cultural point I hadn't thought of at all, thanks for sharing that side. However, in the wild, a "natural death" is probably pretty rare for insects, they are primary consumers that countless food webs are built on, so perhaps their value is the nutrition they offer to beings higher up on the food chain.
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Also the level of "sentience" possessed by insects is more comparable to that of a plant than a mammal (plants can respond to stimuli a lot more than some think). To eat anything means extinguishing lives, and i don't know if i think the "soul" of an insect is that much different from that of a veggie, just that insects can move.
I'm certainly not arguing your views, just sort of pontificating on the matter myself. I suppose this is more of a philosophical, rather than scientific conversation anyway.
Jun 5 2013: Hi Ben! I appreciate your response.
Of course the argument can be made that a natural death would be rare for an insect, or that humans evolved to be omnivores, but my philosophy is that if I can still be healthy (and better to the environment at that) and not eat animals, then I shouldn't.
Yes, philosophical, but definitely interesting. And on the scientific end of things, there's certainly an argument to be made for straight vegetarianism.
Jon Cox
Jun 4 2013: Relevant video
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Hour long BBC doc about eating insects. The host is mildly irritating but otherwise it's pretty interesting. To me the best part is about 10 minutes in where he visits a school and all the kids contribute crickets that they caught the night before to the days lunch. Eye opening.Jun 4 2013: I was really surprised by the amount of protein that is actually found in insects. A caterpillar has up to 28.2 g of protein which is even more a lean ground beef (27.4g). A caterpillar seems relatively harmless in regards to out-competing other insects and become an invasive species if insect farming were to exploded worldwide. But what about other insects? A giant water beetle has 19.8g of protein but it an intense predator of aquatic crustaceans, fish, and amphibians. Amphibians are already at risk for population decline due to infectious disease and other factors, do we want to put them at more risk? While insect farming may be a good idea for certain insect species it may not be a good idea for all species.
Jun 5 2013: I think your right, there are going to be some bugs that are nutritious but will cause harm to the environment and their surroundings. Research and studies need to be performed before allowing complete urban bug farming to occur. Wow those statistics are crazy by the way, did they list what chicken or fish or pork was compared to bugs as far as nutritional value?
Jun 5 2013: When I looked it up 140g of chicken is about 43g of proteins so clearly chicken is superior. Fish is about 28g of protein for every 100g which is very comparable to certain insects. But in geographic locations where chicken or fish isn't readily available, I could see insects being used as a viable source of protein.Jun 5 2013: I found this paper written by FAO on edible insects. If people have the time I suggest reading it.
http://www.fao.org/docrep/018/i3253e/i3253e.pdfJun 5 2013: it is so interesting idea,,,Most insects are rich in protein (40-60 percent) and fat (10-15 percent). Adult insects sometimes requires removal of hard skin before it can be fried or roasted (fried without oil). Either in the form of insect larvae or caterpillars young insects (often called a caterpillar) can be cooked immediately.
it is just a good idea furthurmore we can make some varieties of insects cooking in order the people wants to eat it such as delicious food
In boom times a few years ago crickets, crickets fried, roasted crickets and dent produced and bought and sold as a side dish in several regions in Indonesia. Similar in Bangkok crickets, cockroaches and even a certain kind of well in the form of adult insects and their eggs, has been commonly consumed for certain segments of society. Children in Thailand to collect eggs for a certain kind of fried cockroaches. Grasshoppers and crickets are also roasted and fried in Papua New Guinea.
http://web.ipb.ac.id/~tpg/de/pubde_tknprcss_serangga.phpJun 5 2013: Personally, i couldn't eat bugs. The very thought of it triggers my gag reflex.
I am however fine with other people eating bugs. They are a good protein source and could act as a readily available source too.
Lastly, why do we have a need for high protein sources that animals or insects?
As far as I am concerned, Tofu is a complete protein and can satiate the growing needs of the world for protein sources and furthermore it would allow the reduction in the amount of last used for other protein sources which aren't plants and therefore waste more energy.
Jun 5 2013: Tofu is made out of soy milk and thus soy beans. The production of soy beans globally requires massive amounts of energy due to poor production practices and results in extreme environmental degradation, negative social impacts, and affects human health. Soy is already one of the highest produced crops globally and is a major cash crop. One case study of the affects that soy production has had on an area is Brazil. The Cerrado region lost around 86 thousand square kilometers of native vegetation between 2002 and 2010 due to the production of soy. Also around 586 thousand hectares of the Amazon forest have been cleared to produce soy. Such intense amounts of pesticides are used that a study in Mato Grosso revealed 2 to 6 different pesticides in the milk of breast feeding mothers. Soy production in Brazil has also led to extreme land conflicts with indigenous populations leading to increased suicide, death, and malnutrition. These types of negative affects can be seen in other places that produce soy as a cash crop as well. It's important that we understand the impacts of all the food sources we use.
Jun 5 2013: Thank you for bringing up that some of the food sources that we already depend on, are not as beneficial as popular media has made them out to be. Vegetarians tend to use popular media in this way to promote plant diets, even though many of our crops may turn out to be healthier for individuals it is globally damaging the earth to produce these crops. Despite that plants are primary producers and receive and transfer energy best, they heavily rely upon human maintenance. Insects may not be primary producers, but their variable diet allows them to feed on nearly any bio-waste, they use less water and require almost no maintenance. Thanks to the immense biodiversity among insects, different species can be raised in their natural environments, in sustainable ways that benefit the environment.
Also I actually find tofu disgusting, but have been able to eat it on occasion when cooked in certain ways. The same can be and will be done for bugs when they are introduced into meals. I think this has been one of the bigger problems people have getting over the idea of eating bugs. Even though Simba in the Lion King made it cool to eat bugs they also engrained this idea that they are eaten raw. I don't think that's true about almost any food we eat, and so i would hope that interesting cooking recipes would be created.
Jun 5 2013: I am a vegetarian and I eat tofu such as other vegetarians. I think it a great source of protein for those that choose this diet. I certainly do not want to get into a debate on whether meat eaters or vegetarians have more of an impact on the land but I do want to respond. Cattle and other livestock are just as damaging if not more so than soy. We have over 2 billion cattle on this planet filling up land that could be used for crops and producing a ton of methane that is contributing to global warming. Rainforests and other areas have been converted to land for livestock which is destroying biodiversity in these ares. On top of having to have the land to raise the cattle and other livestock we have to feed them as well. About 800 million people could be fed instead of this feed going to livestock.
With all this said. I definitely eating bugs is a viable and reasonable place to take humans. Being a vegetarian I personally will not partake in the eating of the bugs but I think if we can reduce livestock and return to a more natural system than we have, we could greatly reduce the rapid speed of global warming and decrease so much destruction of the land.Jun 5 2013: Just to comment on the "why do we have a need for high protein sources that animals or insects?" We don't. I am vegan and rarely eat tofu. Yes I do consume some soy products but I try to stay away from them for reasons like Monsanto and the fact that most soy products are highly processed. There are plenty of grains and vegetables that contain high amounts of protein and we do not need to consume animal protein. But if the entire world decided to all the sudden go vegetarian or vegan, we would need a high increase in produce which would take up land, water, and let's face it, chemicals. For future we need to think of some food source that will take up less water and space. Bugs are the prefect compromise. I understand that it can be hard to stomach the idea of eating bugs, cause I am personally not too fond of the idea, but if I were presented with bug tacos, or a bug lasagna I bet it would taste great! And it is all a cultural thing. If we try I bet we can get the idea of eating bugs to be no problem in twenty or thirty years
Noel Laporte
Jun 5 2013: One thing that might stigmatize the transition towards a insect heavy diet is the creepiness of eating the entirety of the organism. Is it safe to eat the whole bug? Does it need to be processed or cleaned? In our modern lifestyles a slice of bacon looks nothing like the greater animal, the pig. We do not associate a steak with the image of a cow... only a part of it. In our diets the meat and poultry we eat are usually not associated with the whole organism that it came from.
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If we were to sell dried spiders at a market there would definitely be a "gross" factor that would need to be overcame before mass consumption became a reality. I think insects could and should be a greater part of our diets yet, many hurdles need to be tackled before this becomes a reality. Preparation needs to be paramount to make a visually unpleasant food into something delicious warranting the, "oh it's not so bad" praise. If we as a society can discover ways to prepare and present nutritious and delicious insects I would definitely be a supporter of this movement. It may be possible to incorporate bugs that are more "likeable" than others into our diets first as the start of a transition towards a diet including insects. For example, fried crickets might be more pleasing and fun to eat than something squishy, gooey or hard to prepare organisms. I'm excited for the future of bugs in our diets, not only would it help alleviate food shortage but it might add to our already amazing culinary world!
Jun 5 2013: I agree that there has to be some sort of dissociation from the organism. I could not get myself to eat an entire bug whole, but may be inclined to eat some for of bug steak or something along those linesJun 5 2013: One thing that I don't think anyone mentioned yet was how eating insects may be more keeping in tune with how we evolved to eat. The Paleolithic diet advocates consuming large amounts of meat because during the ice age (one sliver of our evolutionary history), we supposedly ate lots of meat so that is what our bodies are built for. However, the fatty muscle tissue we consume today is nothing like what our ancestors ate for the large majority of our evolutionary history. This Scientific American article explains how nearly all of our human ancestors were vegetarian (http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/guest-blog/2012/07/23/human-ancestors-were-nearly-all-vegetarians/).
If people really wanted to eat what our ancestors ate, they would be consuming insects as their primary animal protein source and eating considerable amounts of vegetation.
Also, we evolved from this :) http://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/evolution/9856081/Humans-evolved-from-furry-insect-eating-creature.html
Jun 5 2013: More ideas like this need to be brought to light since so many people don't understand the significance of an ancient diet. People have begun to work on bringing back parts of our historical diet, and that can be seen with the surge in organic and natural diets. I think this could be the next step and some important societal figures could help to make this diet popular.
Anna Crist
Jun 5 2013: Yeah! I figure that cricket protein bars could be marketed towards a sporty audience too. People seem to be willing to try a lot to promote muscle growth. Move over Muscle Milk!
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As for the worms...
A quote from Jaueck's post: "One of [the insects I have eaten] was Stag beetle larvae deep fried. It just tasted like "Cream cheeeese puff!!!" For sure, sometimes, it tasted weird such as Bundaeggi (silkworm chrysalis) in the Korea." Just like a cream puff!, doesn't sound so bad! haha
Jun 5 2013: I like that idea, because they are willing to try anything if they think it will help their athletic development. I'm not sure, but I feel like there have to be certain species of bugs that contain rare essential amino acids, or hormones that could help with training. Marketing bugs in a new light such as that could help it become a more mainstream commodity.Jun 5 2013: Good idea! SO many people would love it!
ben head
Jun 5 2013: That's a great idea, it was the first thing I thought of when reading another comment that stated that cricket has comparable protein to beef, per mass, but about 1/3 the calories. That's pretty incredible! It's tough to eat enough protein to build muscle while not eating at too large a calorie surplus to gain fat- doable, but you have to really watch your diet. Having a low calorie high protein source like that would make it so much easier. Also using insect protein ground up in bars or drinks would reduce the "gross" factor since you don't have to look at the creepy crawlies you're about to eat.
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Top Notch.
Keir Staple
Jun 4 2013: One thing to keep in mind when considering bringing in undomesticated species as a food source is the potential for them to go invasive. It would be best if the harvested bugs were native to their region because it would be awful if a certain species was brought over and ended up devouring our crops or something of the sort. If all the potential drawbacks were worked out, I think bug harvesting would be great for the future, especially with insects' ability to reproduce quickly and in mass numbers. I would imagine they would go well with sushi. Here are some pictures of how insects can be incorporated into Japanese dining: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/picturegalleries/howaboutthat/3526527/Insect-sushi-creepy-crawly-cuisine.html
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This conversation also reminded me of the old lollipops they used to sell in some stores that had the insects in the center. Anyone remember eating these as a kid?: http://carofranck.files.wordpress.com/2010/02/insect-lollipop1.jpg
Making another push at some type of campaign for kids like this would be cool to see.
It is also important to consider that on average insects can produce 1 kilogram of meat from 2 kilograms of feed, whereas cattle require 8 kilograms to produce 1 kilogram of meat. Thus, harvesting insects is much less resource intensive. (http://www.nydailynews.com/life-style/eats/u-n-eat-bugs-good-good-world-article-1.1342532)
Jun 5 2013: Definitely! Maybe people can import or export bugs as pickled or dried what we usually do for vegetables and meat.
Cori Brant
Jun 4 2013: Many of us arent aware of the fact that we eat bugs everyday. The FDA allows chocolate to contain 60 insect components/100g, peanut butter can contain 30 insects parts/100g. These are just the beginning of all the products that contain bugs, all processed food contains insects. What i would be concerned about is insect farms exploding all over and creating fast and cheaper insects by giving them genetically altered food that will make them bigger and able to produce more protein. If we can make sure that we dont over exploit insects like we do almost everything else than adding insects to our diets may be extremely beneficial.
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Jun 5 2013: I agree with you Cori, but I also think the over exploitation of insects is going to be inevitable if we start producing them as a food source because it will be fast and cheap.
In the U.S. we kind of already do use bugs as a food source. Chocolate covered ants and chocolate covered grasshoppers can be bought at specialty stores and they're actually not that bad. I think that bug farms can be extremely beneficial in our diets once people get over the gross factor and realize that bugs can taste pretty good. As children most of us have probably eaten our fair share of insects, I know I have. It wasn't gross to us then, so why does it become so gross as we grow older?Jun 5 2013: Good point! I wish it does not happen!
Mario R
Jun 4 2013: While bug farming does seem like a promising relief to the heavy demand placed on livestock protein sources, I can't help but think of the effect that this might have on the safety of consuming insects. For example, countries in South East Asia have been known to abstain from consuming due to evidence of pesticides in the insects. Are there ways we could make certain that insects being reared for consumption do not come into contact with pesticides? If not, are there safe levels of pesticide consumption or should insects that have come into contact with pesticides be avoided altogether?
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Although I do see the benefits of consuming insects, and I think they are indeed a valuable alternative, we also need to think about the consequences of entomophagy. What kind of problems might be posed by the over breeding of some insects? Could they potentially escape their farm and have drastic negative effects on neighboring communities of insects or crops? If entomophagy were to become globally practiced, would demand strain rarer species of bugs leading to possible extinction of exotic bug species?
Another question I had is what kind of shelf life do insects have? Are they even a conceivable introduction into western culture where we demand convenience over freshness? At what point do bacteria start to grow in postmortem insects making them unfit for consumption? I found an article that discussed preservation methods for insects, but they still found some bacteria that could grow in the insects even with discussed preservation methods.
As people have already discussed, cultural barriers are huge in establishing an insect farming industry. However, I believe that we need to look at addressing often overlooked problems that might arise from insect farming.
Jun 5 2013: I have been wondering that same thing with pesticides, because it seems to be one of the larger issues with eating bugs. However, I feel like enclosed farms, similar to what can be seen at the Zebrafish International Research Center, would make farming bugs much more feasible, pesticide-free, and have a very low level of escapement.
There are a lot of questions about how a cultural change such as this might begin to affect the biodiversity of lands that begin to farm them. However, because of the immense number of insect species, I feel that we would not be able to alter the global insect biodiversity by enough compared to what it will save in flora and other fauna species.
Jaeuck Kim
Jun 4 2013: Theoretically, eating insects as protein source would be affordable idea because it has better protein ingredient contained and less natural sources required to grow.
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However, there are several application issues. Many people oppose to eat insects because of the nice exoskeleton looking. Let me tell my some personal experiences. I have traveled a lot and occasionally I have chances to eat insects that are locally considered famous and delicious cousins. Well, what I thought was there was a reason why they liked it so let's try. One of them was Stag beetle larvae deep fried. It just tasted like "Cream cheeeese puff!!!" For sure, sometimes, it tasted weird such as Bundaeggi (silkworm chrysalis) in the Korea. For me, appearance-wise, it seems really similar to shrimp or crab. "Think it is just a land shrimp or crab and eat, it would be not big matter." But the real issue, that is under-assumed, is a distinctive odor. It is so special and strong enough to be hard to hide under seasonings unless buried into seasonings for a while. In order to spread such the consumption insects as food, I think it is required to remove such special odor.
You may think that "then, why don't we just eat non-special odor insects. Well, it would be good idea. It is easy to grow in urban area because it needs less area than a cow. However, it may cause ecological issues. We have heard about foreign species invasion and they have destroyed local ecosystem. Many of them are once introduced as food or other reasons like pet. If they are ensured in closed facilities, it would be okay but they escaped and spread out. Nutria, snakehead are the good example. They have imported as food sources, but escaped and spread out in local nature.
Then my question is that "are we sure that such the edible insects won't harm local ecosystem when they are escaped?" insects are smaller than conventional farm animals which mean it is much higher chances to escape from farms.
Jun 5 2013: Haha!! I love silkworm! I used to eat it since I was young, so I do not feel disgusted when I see it; actually it makes my mouth watery! In fact, I have two cans of silkworm in my kitchen.
My boyfriend was shocked when he saw me eating the worm. Haha.
I think that as Dr. Green pointed out in the class, the culture contributes the behavior and belief that can be accepted or not. Eating silkworm is normal in Korea, but many people in US would give me an weird look when I eat silkworm!
Haoyang Guo
Jun 4 2013: Although I can never accept or attempt to eat bugs, we have to admit that insects contain high proteins and can be delicious snacks in different cultures. In China, most people do not eat insects as normal food but some minorities or small towns have insects as their snacks. And insects food begin to flow into big city snack markets these years. For instance, you can try it in Beijing Donghuamen Night market. There are many creepy crawlers food on sell. http://www.followmefoodie.com/2012/10/beijing-china-eating-bugs-spiders-centipedes-on-donghuamen-night-market/
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However, why such delicious and nutrient food is not as popular as pork or beef? I think there are several reasons. First, many people feel scare and disgusting about it. Although it has died, many people still feel afraid to put it into mouth. Secondly, many people think it may contain some infectious diseases. Like flies and mosquitos, insects are always as tools of transporting infectious diseases. People who pay attention to food hygiene do not want to eat insects. Thirdly, some insects are detrimental to vegetations, so cultivation of them is not a good idea.
Paige Walker
Jun 4 2013: The UN actually just put out a report last month on the advantages to eating bugs and which ones are beneficial. ( http://www.fao.org/docrep/018/i3253e/i3253e.pdf ) The idea of eating bugs is something that is hard to accept. Maybe if we process them or prepare them in ways that make them not look like bugs will help to get past the stigma of eating a bug. Just like the rest of our meat doesn't look like an actual animal but also it is widely accepted that high protein, high fat diets are ok. But they are truely detrimental to our health including issues like heart disease, high colesterol, high blood pressure and even seizures.
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Jon Cox
Jun 4 2013: Here's a video clip put out by the FAO for their insect eating initiative
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Jun 4 2013: That video is extremely cool, i like how casually that guy just started eating those worm tacos. This is the kind of mentality that more people need to get used to eating bugs.
It seems that this perveption of our food seems to be the biggest issue. Eating bugs is not that much harder to grasp when you realize many people don't like to know where on the animal their steak came from. They like what the steak looks like when its done and ready to eat, and if we could do the same to bug meat so people can't tell where that meat comes from(processed bugs or protein extracts), then we can start to culturally accept the idea of eating bugs as a meal.
Jon Cox
Jun 4 2013: Yeah. I think that casual depiction of eating insects is vital to the success of this idea. It needs to be portrayed and observed in a way that appears normal, not ridiculous Fear Factor gross out reactions.
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Rohan Borkar
Jun 4 2013: You know if more people watched The Lion King, bugs would probably be more acceptable. That movie is awesome.
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Anyways, it's possible that insects are already subtly included in many foods we eat. I cannot find a news (or any official) source for this, but according to many websites there are an average of eight bug legs in a piece of candy or chocolate bar. Think about that the next time you pull out your midday candy snack! I don't think people cope with the fact that we consume bugs all the time. Not to freak anybody out even further, but we swallow a non-zero amount of bugs (particularly spiders) while we sleep and it is not dangerous or unhealthy at all!
Even the United Nations seems to think bugs are a great alternative source of various nutrients, supposedly a good replacement for "chicken, pork, beef, and even fish." Additionally, bugs produce very few greenhouse gasses (especially compared to cattle), are easy to grow and maintain (due to short generation cycles). The only counterargument against eating bugs is that they tend to taste inferior to conventional foods, understandably. However I believe with a few spices, refined cooking techniques, and public education regarding the benefits of eating insects, humans can create a larger market for bug eating that will not only save us money but will also help our planet.
http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/wonkblog/wp/2013/05/13/should-we-eat-more-insects-the-u-n-thinks-so/Jun 4 2013: My mother had a dog that just loved to eat certain worms. I'll wait a bit to try them.
Jon Cox
Jun 4 2013: The dog knew what's up!
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Eun Min
Jun 4 2013: I guess this would be a great way to feed people that is estimated 9 billion people by 2050 (1). As we know and many researchers work on how to restore nature and feed people as the population growing, the disturbed biodiversity and environment are hard to be restored. Especially, desertification contributes a serious problem to feed people that the soil in desert is not a good resource to grow vegetables. However, eating insects might be a hope to feed 9 billion people without nutrient deficiency that most insects have enough nutrients what human needed. In 100 gram of crickets, 12.9 grams of protein, 5.5 grams of fat, 5.1 grams of carbohydrates, and 75.8 milligram of calcium and all sorts of other nutritional delights are contained which can be converted to 121 calories (2). Eating insects is not only good for nutrient intake which might help agriculture.
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I am from South Korea, and grasshopper used to be a popular snack until 1980's which might be due to the change from agriculture based country to industrialization, a developing country. The land conversion or less farming led a decreased insect population including biodiversity. "Grasshoppers are a major pest of both cultivated crops and rangeland grasses in the world's semi-arid regions (3)." Thus, capturing and eating grasshopper can help to produce better crop in quality and quantity.
(1) Huis, A. V., Itterbeeck, J. V., Klunder, H., Mertens, E., Halloran, A., Muir, G., Vantomme, P., Edible insects: future prospects for food and feed security, Food And Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, 2013
(2) http://newsfeed.time.com/2013/05/15/fight-world-hunger-by-eating-bugs-urges-u-n/
(3) http://www1.agric.gov.ab.ca/$department/deptdocs.nsf/all/agdex6463
Jun 5 2013: I really like the idea of eating insects that are bad for the agricultural industry. Not only would we be lessening the demands for other proteins like beef, chicken, etc., but we would also reduce the amount of pesticides being used to get rid of those bugs. Cool idea!Jun 4 2013: I think people need to start eating lower on the food chain, and bugs would be a great place to start. Approximately 6 kg of plant protein is needed for the production of 1 kg of animal protein, and the production of beef and lamb is the most energy intensive meat to produce (1). Because the palate of people in developed nations tends to favor these types of protein rich foods, we use an enormous amount of energy to raise livestock as a food source. If everyone on the world consumed as much meat as Americans, we would need to produce about 550 million tons of meat per year, which is not sustainable (2).
Because insects are lower on the food chain than livestock, their production would require substantially less energy, in theory. Even though I couldn't find much scientific research about the energy production of insect farming, one source stated that insect farming would be ten times more sustainable than beef production (3).
Although there are obvious cultural barriers preventing the consumption of bugs, I think insect farming could be a viable option in the future. Because energy prices are likely to increase in the next few decades, there will be a higher demand for cheap protein sources, and insects can possibly fill that demand!
(1) http://ajcn.nutrition.org/content/78/3/660S.full
(2) http://ecosalon.com/what-if-everybody-ate-like-americans/
(3) http://ozarker.org/go-eat-bugs/
Vesta Tsao
Jun 4 2013: Good point Krista! We should start to eat from lower food chain. In Taiwan, we have a dish that involve bees larval. I have tired it but have no special feeling toward it. In addition, I think if we give kids to try eating insects when they are young, it will be more acceptable to eat insects in the future if they have tried them before.
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I think urban bugs farming definitely will work because it takes less land than cattle and more sustainable than livestock, like you have said above. Their food does not need large amount of transportation (for example corns for cattle has large carbon footprint). They are easy to cultural and raise in dense urban areas. Moreover, people will be more willing to eat bugs that they know bugs come from clean and "licensed" bug farms so that we can get away from traditional culture thinking that "insects are full of bacteria and pathogens".
A fun article to read from National Geographic about 10 insects to start trying bugs eating:
http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2013/13/130514-edible-insects-entomophagy-science-food-bugs-beetles/Jun 4 2013: Good points Krista. I think that an even more important advantage to the farming of insects than the reduced energy required would be the great reduction of damage to the environment compared with traditional raising of livestock. As we discussed in class ranching or any kind of animal food production uses a lot of land and causes a lot of damage to natural environments and the biodiversity thereof through clearing and other processes (1). Hopefully raising insects for food would have a lower impact, and I have to think that if it was a mostly urban endeavor it probably would!
1. http://www.fao.org/docrep/010/a0701e/a0701e00.HTMJun 5 2013: I agree that we should eat lower on the food chain, but I think we should go even lower than insects. In 2019 the U.N. reported that in order to decrease world hunger and the effects of climate change the world needs to move toward a diet without animal products. Adding another source of animal products that require more plant crops and water than would just directly eating the plants is unsustainable and would not solve the hunger crisis. According to many studies, the world produces enough food to feed 10 billion people, but it's the lack of access and rampant poverty and inequality that hinders people from getting necessary nutrition. Also, most of these grain crops are used for fuel and to feed livestock, so using different energy sources and eating fewer animals products is a good start to encourage global food security. I don't think just adding another animal protein source will solve this, and even if crickets are very cheap, large food corporations can take advantage of this source and use their power to control it (like Monsanto).
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/eric-holt-gimenez/world-hunger_b_1463429.htmlJun 4 2013: I just watched this video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ekyloW1cpik It gives a nice peak into bug baking! The speaker, "Wheatgrass Allen," claims that insects are a higher-quality protein than beef. And even though insects are incredibly small in size relative to a cow, pig, or chicken (you would have to eat a whole lot of them to equal the 7g of protein per ounce of beef steak), they are still more efficient than raising cattle. According to National Geographic, one hundred pounds of feed produces 10 pounds of beef. The same amount of feed would produce more than four times that amount in crickets.
So, I guess the question comes down to: Are we willing to eat A LOT of insects, in a single sitting, to get a sufficient amount of protein? Seems like we would have to condense and sell them through somewhat of a "insect burger" to compete with a serving size of beef.
Dan Straub
Jun 4 2013: We already cant feed the population as it is. 1 billion people are chronically hungry and by 2050 the populations is expected to gain another 2 billion, almost certainly adding to the list of those hungry. According to a report "Edible Insects" put out by the U.N., expanding land to use for farming is scarce, the oceans are over fished and climate change will affect many aspects of food production. These facts, along with the expanding population lead the U.N. to the conclusion that "we need to find new ways of growing food." Which I agree with. In the U.N.'s very long and detailed report about eating insects they outline ways to process food (insects) for feed and consumption, farming insects, the nutritional value of insects, food safety and preservation, the economics of farming and eating insets, among other aspects of the issue. This seems to be very thought out and undoubtedly more should be done to look into it, as well as other ideas. As far as fixing the problem that is at hand and that will only become more blaring as time comes, I do not think it is a fix but more a step in the right direction.
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Link to the U.N. report is below. Sites good research articles.
Jun 4 2013: Insect farming doesn't seem like it would be an effective solution to the food crisis that we are going to be facing but i think it's an underestimated strategy. There have been some statistics arising about the economic value of bug farming, in southern Africa 10 billion caterpillars are harvested a year worth an estimated $85 million dollars. New strategies for harvesting bugs could be implemented to bring these businesses into America if the demand becomes present. Even experts admit that it might be hard to get westerners used to the idea of eating bugs, but the possibility of processing bugs could be a method to get us to eat them. If we do not recognize the food as bugs, we might be more okay with with the idea, such as with processed meat in hot dogs, or protein enriched supplements or grains.
Jun 4 2013: I agree that it probably won't be a solution. However thats very interesting they could be so profitable, I had no idea. Completely agree that westerners will have a hard time getting used to the idea of eating bugs. I think if the demand does become present Americans will definitely become interested, especially if there is a lot of money to be made. At least in the production of insects. Possibly through that the stigma surrounding them would lessen.Jun 4 2013: I think the largest problem with this is the cultural aspect. I'm pretty sure the last thing many people would want to eat are insects, especially in an American stapled diet. That being said, urban bug farming could be a valid food source given its nutritional capacity. Maybe if the insects did not come in the shape of an insect, individuals would be more open to the idea of a meat substitute.
However, these methods are really avoiding the inevitable of over-population. Maybe instead of trying to feed a growing world, we should start looking into controlling growth before earth's carrying capacity is reached. This way, technological expanse could keep hungry mouths fed while improving overall quality of life.
As nice as this is, urban bug farming is just a band-aid to over arching problem of over-population. Unless this is addressed, food supply, our yet-to-be energy crisis, and environment are all at risk.
Jun 4 2013: I completely agree with you, this is a valid and interesting idea to feed a hungry world. But is this necessary for America or other westernized countries? I am not convinced it is or that it would even work. Insects have great indirect benefits for human with their ability to remove wastes, pests, to pollinate crops and much more. In the TED talk attached to this conversation, the speaker states we are already eating insects in almost every processed foods. That statement concerned me, not because insects are bad, but because if they are already there why are we going to promote their expansion. It's like you said, it will be very difficult to control the population of insect farming as we go. It could lend up in the same tragic manner that our traditional protein sources have degraded to (commercialize farming.)
Jun 4 2013: I think he makes the statement that bugs are already there because it proves a point that they're in our diet already and it's not causing any alarm, that's why the FDA allows such large amount of bugs in the food we already eat. I don't think we'll have to deal with some of those same problems with commercial farming due to how easy it is to grow bugs. They can be grown in such small area that land will not become an issue in the foreseeable future.
Jun 4 2013: very true I guess I just have a problem with processed foods in general so the insects aren't really the issue in that sense.Jun 4 2013: But because insects are smaller and it would require lots of individuals for us to eat in order to meet our caloric/protein demands, don't you think (if this market took off) there would eventually be a lot of area used to "grow" insects? Creating yet another commercialized farming industry (such as poultry, beef, etc.) that could create the exploitation of land/insects for our selfish needs?


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Here's yet one more "The Best…" list — this time focusing on web tools that let teachers and students create their own online learning games.
If you find this list helpful, you might want to also review The Best Online Learning Games — 2007 (a couple of the sites on that list are repeated here), The Best Online Video Games For Learning Language & Content Knowledge, and The Best "Fun" Sites You Can Use For Learning, Too.
When I talk about "learning games," I also mean sites where students can easily create online video games that might not have an overt learning purpose. However, they can be excellent opportunities for English Language Learners to develop their English — by following the instructions on the screen, by writing directions for their game, and by writing and talking about their reactions to playing games made by their peers.
In addition, of course, there are sites that let you create games with an overt learning purpose — for example, to review content that has been covered in a class. Teachers can certainly create these activities and post them. However, I've always found it much more effective to have students create their own learning games — both online and in the classroom.
Since these sites fall into these two distinct categories, it's difficult for me to rank them as I've done in the majority of my lists. Instead, I'll just list them in no order of preference.
In order to make it on this list, these online tools need to be:
… accessible to English Language Learners.
… free.
… good tools to create a variety engaging content. It needs to let the user use a number of formats to create their games.
To start-off, I'll share my picks for sites that let you create more "overt" learning games:
Class Tools is an excellent resource. Teachers and students can create lots of learning activities using formats from popular 1980's arcade games.
Philologus is also on my list. It's very similar to Class Tools. However, it uses more recent television games shows as templates for teacher and student created exercises.
Purpose Games is similar to the previous two, though I have to say the games you can create aren't quite as much fun with this site. Nevertheless, it rates a spot on this list.
(A site called What 2 Learn might be worth including in this list.)
Jeopardy Labs lets teachers and students create their own online games of Jeopardy. No registration is required, and each game has its own unique url address. Most other apps to create Jeopardy games require a software download, which makes Jeopardy Labs really stand-out since none is required.
QuizBreak! lets teachers easily create Jeopardy-like games for free that will be hosted online. What makes it really top-notch is that you can add images, video and audio to the questions, too. It's one of several excellent and free online apps that is made available to teachers by The Center For Language Education and Research at Michigan State University (CLEAR). They have been included on several previous "The Best…" lists.
Zondle is a pretty darn impressive for online learning games. It has tons of content in different subjects, and, if you can't find what you need, it's easy to just add your own. The ingenious part is that once you pick the topic you study, you have the option of studying the info in forty different games! Plus, teachers can create their own virtual classroom and track student progress. And, it's free.
educaplay looks like a great free (as far as I can tell, at least) tool where you can easily create a ton of different kinds of educational interactives that you can link to or embed in your site. These include:
•Wordsearch Puzzle
•Fill in the texts
•Jumbled Word
•Jumbled Sentence
For at least some of the them, including dictation, it provides the ability to record audio.
There are many other very good sites for creating "overt" online learning games. However, I'm not including them on this list just because I don't think they offer a large enough variety of different game templates. It would probably be more accurate to describe a number of them as "test-making" sites, and I'll be making another "The Best…" list of them sometime in the future.
Now, I'd like to list sites that let you create online video games that don't necessarily have an overt learning purpose. However they offer excellent language-development opportunities, especially for English Language Learners, in the ways I described earlier in this post.
These types of sites include:
There's a site called Sploder which allows students to develop their own simple games easily and then Sploder hosts their creation. Students have to write instructions on how to play the game for players to read. They can then play each other's games, and then write comments about what they liked about it (the instructions and comments are hosted by Sploder).
You can easily create games on your iPhone with Playr. Read more about it at TechCrunch.
The CBBC Gamebuilder lets students easily be able to create online games and publish them for others to play. There's no overt learning purpose, but ELL's could create them and discuss how they work.
Review Game Zone lets teachers, and anyone, input academic questions and have them turned into a games that students can use for review. It's free, and teachers can also monitor student use of at least some types of the games.
As regular readers know, I'm a big fan of having my English Language Learner students play online video games as a language development activity (see POINTING AND CLICKING FOR ESL: Using Video Games To Promote English Language Development).
Escape The Room games are one of my favorite game "genres," where players have to…escape from a room by clicking on objects and using them in a certain way and/or order. Most of these games also have a text component.
Now, a new free tool has come online, the Room Escape Maker, that lets anybody create their own….escape the room games. It requires a little more of a learning curve than I would like, but I think it has some potential.
Easily Make Reviews into Gameshows! is by Carissa Peck.
Richard Byrne recently shared about Jeopardy Rocks, a simple online game-creator.
Bill Ferriter writes about Kahoot, another game-creator.
Flip Quiz is an easy site that lets you create an online Jeopardy-like game board that students can play.
"Quizizz" Is A Great Game-Playing & Game-Creating Site For Classes!
"SuperTeacherTools" Looks Like A Great Site For Creating Online Learning Games
Links to all these sites can also be found on my webpages.
If you've found this post useful, you might want to consider subscribing to this blog for free.

subset: commoncrawl


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Home > Consortium > EC BREC IEO, Poland
EC BREC IEO Ltd is an independent consultancy company, established in 2001. The company was established to link the typical research, technology and policy development activities with the current needs of renewable energy sector, including industry, private companies, investors and authorities in Poland in the field of renewable energy.
At the present moment activities of the company are being conducted in three major areas:
Since 2001, EC BREC IEO Ltd has been involved into several projects and initiatives aiming to assist local authorities at preparation of local renewable resources' inventories, identification of investment potential and their mainstreaming into local strategies, plans and programmes. The company employs experts specialised in the areas important for local development, such as spatial management and planning, energy planning and modelling, agriculture (energy crops, biofuels, biogas).


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I achieved my goal for the day! I wanted to finish my descriptive geometry drawing up to the point where all i would have to do is add line weights (which I plan on doing during class on Tuesday) and I did! I left for studio at 10:30 this morning, and but for an hour break for lunch (at annie's with sami) and a two hour break for dinner (picnic in the park with sami) i worked up until 9:15. It was a very productive day. It's a good feeling, accomplishing one's goals. I should do it more often.
"It had long since come to my attention that people of accomplishment rarely sat back and let things happen to them. They went out and happened to things."


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DHHS gave big contract to Wos acquaintance
A man who works for the husband of North Carolina Health and Human Services Secretary Aldona Wos landed a lucrative government contract to provide her with advice.
Wos' agency has refused for three weeks to provide The Associated Press with a copy of the consulting contract awarded to Joe Hauck or say how much he is paid, information that is a public record under state law.
Hauck is the vice president of sales and marketing for New Breed Logistics, a High Point company for which Wos' husband Louis DeJoy is the chief executive officer.
It is not clear what specific work Hauck has performed for DHHS. His resume posted online lists no prior experience in the field of health care.
Hauck did not respond to messages left for him this week with his assistant at New Breed, which specializes in supply chain management. DHHS spokeswoman Julie Henry also did not respond to multiple calls and emails this week.
The News & Observer of Raleigh reported Friday that Hauck has been paid $228,000 in the past eight months, which would make him among the agency's highest compensated individuals.
In a written statement to the newspaper, DHHS communications director Ricky Diaz said Hauck had assisted Wos in "assembling a top-notch management team in order to reorganize, redirect and restructure the department."
A doctor from Greensboro, Wos' leadership of the state's largest departmental agency has been under scrutiny for months. A former ambassador to Estonia under President George W. Bush and campaign fundraiser for Gov. Pat McCrory, Wos has used her government position to surround herself with Republican Party operatives.
Diaz, a 24-year-old former campaign spokesman for McCrory, is paid $85,000 a year to manage the agency's message and oversee compliance with the state's public records law. Wos' chief adviser for policy issues is another 24-year-old, former McCrory campaign staffer Matthew McKillip. He is paid $87,500.
Details of all DHHS contracts are supposed to be available on the agency's web site.
Hauck is listed as receiving an individual consulting contract from Wos' office naming him as a "senior adviser" on March 1. That original short-term contract has been extended and amended at least 4 times as of Aug. 30. However, the agency's web site publically lists Hauck's compensation under that contract and extensions as $0.
Like Wos, Hauck has been a strong political supporter of McCrory, who took office in January. Hauck and his wife have donated $14,750 to McCrory's gubernatorial campaign, according to records at the N.C. Board of Elections.
All told, New Breed employees and members of their families gave more than $216,000 to McCrory's campaign, according to a report issued earlier this year by Progress NC, a left-leaning policy group. The company led by Wos' husband also gave $25,000 to the Republican Governors Association, which supported McCrory's campaign.
On Friday, Progress NC spokesman Gerrick Brenner repeated the group's call for members of the GOP-controlled state legislature to investigate hiring and compensation practices in the McCrory administration.
"DHHS is an example of cronyism gone wild and Gov. McCrory is defending their hiring practices," Brenner said. "So now it's time for the legislature to step in and investigate. It's their duty to provide oversight."


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Gold Coast MC, Gold Coast Area
After nearly four years under construction, Hinze Dam on the Gold Coast has reopened to the public on 19 December 2011.
Hinze Dam was originally constructed in 1976 and was raised in 1989. The AUD395 million Hinze Dam Stage Three upgrade saw the dam wall raised by 15 metres, doubling the dam's capacity and providing increased water security and flood mitigation.
Visitors are encouraged to visit the dam and explore the new facilities which include a state-of-the-art Interpretive Centre, lakeside parks, walking, bike and horse trails, increased car parking, toilet facilities and barbecue areas for public use.
Two new boat ramps have also been constructed. The Western Boat Ramp (Nerang Murwillumbah Road) and Eastern Boat Ramp (Little Nerang / Range roads) are now open for use. Please note access to the Hinze Dam recreational facilities is now via Advancetown Road. There is no longer access via Gilston Road.


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1101 Motor City Drive
Colorado Springs, CO 80906
There are many reasons why people visit Bob Penkhus Volvo from all around Colorado for a used car in Colorado Springs. One reason is our selection of quality sought-after pre-owned vehicles. The second is our commitment to our customers. At our new Volvo and used car dealership in Colorado Springs, we don't believe in gimmicks, just good cars and great people. Look at our inventory of used sports cars, luxury cars, convertibles, exotic cars, luxury SUV's and visit our Colorado Springs used car dealership for a well-maintained pre-owned vehicle. We are located at 1101 Motor City Drive, Colorado Springs, CO, and can be reached by phone at (866) 495-0597.
Once you find the right new Volvo or used car, let our Colorado Springs Volvo dealership finance team help you with a car loan or lease. Our Colorado Springs used car dealership experts can help you secure a car loan in Colorado Springs, regardless of credit. Visit our Colorado Springs used


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Golden Angel™ Barbie® Doll
Designed by: Katiana Jimenez
Release Date: 6/1/2006
Product Code: J9187
Designer Katiana Jiménez creates Golden Angel™ Barbie® doll, a heavenly vision in a gown of green chiffon, peach charmeuse, and white-on-white novelty silk chiffon. Attached golden metallic chiffon wings are dramatic and lovely. Blue and pink taffeta ribbons, fluffy white feathers, and a fantasy bouquet complete the wondrous ensemble.
For ages 6 and over.
Production doll may vary from the photo shown above. Mattel reserves the right to modify the fashion/fabrics, sculpt, hair color/style, and accessories. Doll cannot stand alone as shown.
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No one has uploaded any photos.


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For first-year and transfer students.
Associate and bachelor's degree programs for men and women 4 full years out of high school.
Elementary, middle level and secondary certification for men and women with a bachelor's degree.
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CHAMBERSBURG, Pa. – The Wilson College Drama Club, known as the Kittochtinny Players, will perform the Renaissance comedy, Gallathea, at 7:30 p.m. Friday and Saturday, April 13 and 14, in Laird Hall.
DATE: March 27, 2012
CONTACT: Richard Shoap, Adjunct Theater Instructor
Phone: 717-264-4011
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
CHAMBERSBURG, Pa. – The Wilson College Drama Club, known as the Kittochtinny Players, will perform the Renaissance comedy, Gallathea, at 7:30 p.m. Friday and Saturday, April 13 and 14, in Laird Hall. Admission to the shows, which are open to the public, is free but donations are appreciated.
Gallathea, written by the English playwright John Lyly, tells the story of two young women, Gallathea and Phillida, each at risk of being selected by the people of their village as a sacrifice to the sea god Neptune. Fearing for their daughters' safety, two fathers each decide to disguise their daughters as boys and send them off into the surrounding forest until the danger is past. What no one could predict is that Cupid also is at work in the forest, shooting the chaste nymphs of the Goddess Diana with his love arrows. Just when the nymphs are consumed with strange new amorous thoughts, into their midst come two fair young "boys." Complications ensue when Diana captures Cupid, and when the two young maidens find themselves falling head over heels for the fair boy they each think the other to be.
Wilson's production features 12 Wilson students, a recent graduate and a student from the Chambersburg Area Middle School. Cast members include C.J. Giacomini as Gallathea and Alexis Foor as Phillida. Other cast members are: Greg Thorpe and Lauren Kershner as the fathers (Tyterus and Melebeus); Carol Zehosky, Kelly Flavin and Amanda Kenny as the gods Neptune, Diana and Venus; Ji Yoon Shin as the village Augur; and Ebby Boratenski, Lindsay D'Altrui, Samantha Klopp and Selena Sunderland as Diana's nymphs. Wilson graduate Jennifer Fisher plays Hebe, another virgin from the village, and her daughter, Chloe, plays the mischievous Cupid.
The play is directed by Richard Shoap, adjunct instructor in theater. Wilson student Richard Holliday is the assistant director.
For more information, contact Shoap at 717-264-4011 or email@example.com.
Founded in 1869, Wilson College is a liberal arts college dedicated to the education of women. Affiliated with the Presbyterian Church and located in Chambersburg, Pa. Wilson offers bachelor's degrees in 30 areas and master's degrees in education and the humanities. The college's 2011-12 enrollment in the College for Women and the Adult Degree Program is 746 and includes 21 students from 10 foreign countries. Visit www.wilson.edu to learn more.


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Indicator Report - Utah Population Characteristics: Racial and Ethnic Composition of the Population
Why Is This Important?Our current health system was developed based on the needs and perspectives of the White/Anglo-American Utah culture. As a result, Utahns of other cultures often experience barriers to receiving culturally sensitive and appropriate health care. Because of this and other social factors (e.g., proportion of workers in "blue collar" jobs without health benefits, lack of trust in the health care system, greater burden of poverty among many racial and ethnic groups), the health status of non-Anglo ethnic groups is often poorer than that of the mainstream population. Reducing racial and ethnically-based health disparities is an overarching goal of the U.S. Public Health Service's Healthy People 2010 and 2020 initiatives and the Utah Department of Health's Office of Health Disparities.
Data SourcesPopulation Estimates by Age, Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin for Counties in Utah, U.S. Bureau of the Census, IBIS Version 2013.
Other Views
DefinitionNumber and percentage distribution of racial and ethnic populations.
How We Calculated the Rates
Page Content Updated On 11/17/2014, Published on 12/03/2014


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Sign in, if you're already a member of this group or Join Indy Meetup Photo Club
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Member Dues
30 day free trial
No credit card required
After the trial you must pay dues to be a member of this Meetup.
Cancel dues at any time.
Dues are billed each year.
IMUPC is a Meetup photo club, organized to meet the needs of/and for all levels of photographers with all makes and models of cameras...from film, point & shoot, the most sophisticated of the DSLRs, etc. This club exists to foster a platform for its members to learn and grow thru additional informal educational opportunities by sharing their knowledge and skills with other members. The club provides opportunities thru numerous photo shoots (almost weekly), taking part in local art fairs, and a yearly special exhibit at a recognized gallery. The club offers a monthly photo challenge for those members who want to take part. The club attempts to assist with a variety of community projects and services. Fun and a sense of good will are prime in all endeavors.
Over the past few years, since IMUPC was first conceived, it has strived to offer a variety of photo shoot opportunities to its membership. On occasion, members have extended those to allow for more camaraderie, a way to get to know each other better, and a way to share those "tall tales" ...actually, more like..."camera talk" re their camera(s), lens, varieties of post-editing programs, wide assortment of "gadgets", etc. The website was created to provide a mechanism, a venue, for posting those pictures...and, not only of photos from the photo shoots, but individual shots taken aside from those occasions...and often of members showcasing a great time with their cameras and new friends.
With the growth and expansion of our membership and the variety of offerings to its members, I am very proud to say that IMUPC has now been designated as an official Adobe user group.
Dues: $30/year effective January 1 of each year. For continuing members, annual dues may be paid anytime between January 1 thru February 28. On March, dues will become delinquent and member will be removed from the roster, per Meetup Headquarters new policies. New members will be given a 30 day grace period. If annual dues are not paid within that 30 day period, they will be removed from the roster in accordance with the new Meetup Headquarters guidelines.
Regular meetings are held on the second and fourth Thursdays at 6 pm (with social and brief business meeting time; then the program starts at 6:30 pm).
The first of these meetings is typically a guest speaker; the second is educational.
To attend any of the photo shoots, events, exhibits/shows, focus groups, special opportunities and/or projects, you must be a paid member in good standing.
Opinions expressed by the Indy MU Photo Club members are theirs alone, and do not reflect the opinions of the Indy MU Photo Club or its organizers. Indy MU Photo Club is not responsible for and does not guarantee the accuracy of any of the information supplied in the website.
In addition, Indy MU Photo Club members are responsible for their own photo submissions. By submitting, members certify that photo(s) are original and do not infringe on any third-party rights. Indy MU Photo Club is not responsible for the ownership or rights to or for any photos.
Membership Expectations:
1. The Organizer is the owner of this Meetup group, called "Indy Meetup Photo Club", and the one who establishes and presents the philosophy and direction of the club, the MISSION STATEMENT.
2. All leadership positions are appointments made only by the Organizer and must be in line with the club's Mission Statement.
3. Members, especially those in leadership positions, are expected to be knowledgeable of the Mission Statement and actively support it.
4. All members, regardless of type, amount of equipment, or experience or knowledge, will be treated equally and fairly. There will be no exceptions to this.
5. Integrity of the club will be maintained. Obscenity, offensive language, intimidation, snide, sarcastic, or derogatory comments, and/or inappropriate behavior either at or against the club, the leadership, or any of its members will not be tolerated. Those members may be removed from the membership, and it will be at the sole discretion of the organizer as to any future action toward those members.
6. IMUPC will not host or be associated with photos that hint or imply inappropriate or indecency.
7. Although boudoir photography is considered by many to be artful, it's also considered to be very offensive to others. Since it borders on the fence; this club will not allow anything that hints of this permitted on any of its associated websites. Concurrently, if a member has a link posted to/for their own website, and that site contains such, that site neither may be permitted.
8. Guest speakers are invited to attend educational meetings based on anticipated wants/needs of the membership. Respect and full attention is always an expectation of members. Any member who is disruptive may subject himself for dismissal either from the meeting(s) or from the club.
9. Members who step-up to lead an event are more than appreciated and given full authority for the event as long as their plans are presented to the organizer and approved.
10. Once given authority, members who sign up to assist the event host, must follow the direction of the event host.
11. Captions must accompany all pictures uploaded - otherwise photos may be deleted.
12. A new dues structure was presented and put into place in 2013. Annual dues will become payable on January 1 of the new year, payable up thru the last day of February. If payment is not paid by March 1 of that year, names will be removed form the membership roster.
13. Dues will remain at $30/year (from March 1 thru last day of February of the following year). Dues will not change.
14. To participate in any meetings, photo shoots, etc., dues must be paid.
15. By contacting the organizer, one may attend as a guest prior to joining. This is a "Trial" according to Meetup Headquarters policy.
16. Members may bring an occasional guest, spouse, etc. The member is responsible for that person and their conduct.
17. Special IMUPC events may limit those able to attend, i.e. to member only; or spouse and/or immediate family only. If you have any questions re this, please contact me. On occasion, there will be allowances for "others", but those would be an exception and must be approved. Don't assume.
18. All cell phones, laptops, notebooks, I-Pads or any other electronic devices must be turned off and put away during meetings Use of these during a meeting, show disrespect and the person(s) involved will be asked to leave. Anyone may subject himself to dismissal from the club by continuing use.
19. Leadership members are expected to attend and take part in the Annual Gallery Show.
[b]In Closing: [/b] Those who go up and beyond expectations may be recognized in the manner the organizer chooses. It is expected that other members will accept and recognize their contributions(s) and join in the celebration.
As the organizer of this fabulous group, I wish to thank everyone and every contribution, sacrifice, and effort made toward making and improving its growth and health. THANK YOU!!!!
OUR MOTTO: "If it's important enough to you, you'll find a way!"
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Oak Creek Students Awarded Back-to-School Shopping Spree from Target and The Salvation Army
WHO: Today, local students in need will have the opportunity to visit the Oak Creek Target store to purchase school supplies, clothing and other necessities just in time for back-to-school. The Salvation Army and Target are helping K-12 students gear up for the upcoming academic year with the Target Shopping Spree. Each child, selected by The Salvation Army will be awarded an $80 Target Gift Card to purchase much needed back to school supplies. Additionally, each child will be paired with a volunteer chaperone for their fun day of back-to-school shopping.
WHAT: Oak Creek area students and volunteer chaperones
WHEN: Today
Tuesday, August 21, 2012
8:30am - 10:45am
WHERE: Target
8989 S. Howell Avenue
SUMMARY: The Target School Spree is one way that Target acts locally to help kids learn and schools teach, paving a path to graduation. As part of the Target School Spree, Target awarded all 40 of The Salvation Army Divisions nationwide a total of $1 million in Target Gift Cards and in-kind contributions for the shopping sprees.
Nearly 500 Target stores will participate in the Target School Spree event between July 16 and September 15 in select regions across the country. Each $80 Target Gift Card awarded as part of the program will provide a child with the necessary supplies to go back to school in the fall, ready to learn. Through programs like the Target School Sprees, Target is on track to give $1 billion for education by 2015.
About The Salvation Army
The Salvation Army, an evangelical part of the universal Christian church established in London in 1865, has been supporting those in need in His name without discrimination for more than 130 years in the United States. Nearly 30 million Americans receive assistance from The Salvation Army each year through the broadest array of social services that range from providing food for the hungry, relie ffor disaster victims, assistance for the disabled, outreach to the elderly and ill, clothing and shelter to the homeless and opportunities for underprivileged children. 82 cents of every dollar The Salvation Army spends is used to support those services in 5,000 communities nationwide. For more information, go to www.salvationarmyusa.org.
About Target
Minneapolis-based Target Corporation (NYSE:TGT) serves guests at 1,763 stores in 49 states nationwide and at Target.com. In addition, the company operates a credit card segment that offers branded proprietary credit card products. Since 1946, Target has given 5 percent of its income through community grants and programs; today, that giving equals more than $3 million a week. For more information about Target's commitment to corporate responsibility, visit Target.com/hereforgood.


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Megaupload sequel Mega to accept bitcoin currency
Web storage service Mega will now accept the virtual currency bitcoin, according to its founder Kim Dotcom.
The site is the sequel to his site Megaupload, shut down a year ago at the urging of the US government.
Mega follows social news site Reddit and blogging platform WordPress in accepting bitcoin payments.
Mr Dotcom, who awaits a hearing relating to criminal charges, in part, about pirated material on his original site, announced the move on Twitter.
"#Mega now accepts #BITCOIN via our newest reseller Bitvoucher: https://bitvoucher.co/ ," the founder posted on Saturday.
The virtual currency can be used to pay for extra storage space on the service.
Mega offers 50GB of free cloud storage, with the option to pay for extra storage ranging from 500GB to 4TB.
The exchange rate for one bitcoin currently stands at close to £17 ($26).
The cheapest package of 500GB costs €9.99 euros ($13.32; £8.61) per month - or half a bitcoin.
To pay in the internet currency, users need to access BitVoucher, the website of Mega's new reseller.
Source and more


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16 Best Bronzers
If your Casper-like complexion needs a touch of faux glow, try using one of these best bronzers
Why it's great: According to one reader, this product gives "one of the most authentic glows imaginable ... it controls oil while softening fine lines and creases and increases smoothness and elasticity. This is amazing for women of all skin tones!" Another reviewer loves that it's "lightweight and easy to adjust [the] color if you apply too much."
Agree? Disagree? Write your review here.
*At time of publication
SEE NEXT PAGE: No. 9: Estée Lauder Bronze Goddess Soft Shimmer Bronzer
Older comments
Thanks for putting this together. The Laura Mercer seems like something I would really like. Love Bobbi Brown's but was surprised not to see NYX's. The Matte works really well and is among my favorites also heard really good things about their new Illuminator one, but have yet to try it. Plan of fixing that soon
by Alana_Danes Saturday, February 23, 2013 at 07:25AM Report as inappropriate
Lots of good products listed. Cant wait to try something to make my pale skin look naturally tanner.
by kfloyd01 Friday, February 22, 2013 at 04:46PM Report as inappropriate
great info thanks!! ill deff be trying the NYC & ELF bronzer.
by .flawless. Tuesday, February 19, 2013 at 06:46AM Report as inappropriate
As a pale person, I am always on the look out for that perfect bronzer that will add dimension to my face, but looks natural and not the least bit orange. I love that you spend the majority of time praising the good bronzers, but also point out some of the worst.
by HeathRene Tuesday, January 22, 2013 at 04:59PM Report as inappropriate
I was looking for a good bronzer, many of them turn me orange.
by Misselizabeth Sunday, January 20, 2013 at 01:50AM Report as inappropriate
super excited to try the NYC and Rimmel bronzers!
by glamgirlseven Wednesday, January 16, 2013 at 08:31PM Report as inappropriate
Great information with lots of price range.
by charbonn Friday, January 11, 2013 at 01:58AM Report as inappropriate
Thank you, I will be trying one of the Benefit bronzers for contouring!
by Taryn Saturday, January 5, 2013 at 07:13PM Report as inappropriate
great awesome
by Nicole2814 Friday, January 4, 2013 at 06:58PM Report as inappropriate
by EricaF123 Saturday, December 29, 2012 at 09:27AM Report as inappropriate
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Get Pre-Approved for your next vehicle using our simple form!
Come see what we have in stock and on special for you.
Find out how much your vehicle is worth from Black Book!
View our vast inventory of Honda Parts in our warehouse!
Check out some of our newest videos.


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Midwest Living Review
The enthusiasm the owners of Half Acre have for craft beer is infectious. Catch it at 1 p.m. on Saturdays, when $10 tours of the brewery are offered, which include a Half Acre glass and beer tasting. Tours are first-come, first-served, and only 60 visitors are admitted, so it's wise to arrive early. People line up outside on Lincoln Avenue and often some are turned away. The brewing process is explained on a walkthrough of the small brewery floor. They describe mashing, fermenting and canning processes. Half Acre is the only craft brewery in Chicago that cans its own product, 300 cases a day. Even if you can't make a tour, it's fun to stop by the store (open Tuesday-Sunday) for free tastings, which the brewery encourages. In the tasting room, three beers are available year-round: Daisy Cutter, a pale ale in the West Coast style; Over Ale, a brown beer; and Goassamer Golden Ale, with subtle flavor and aroma. About a dozen specialty beers are available seasonally, including ales, stouts and bocks. Half Acre Beer Company was launched by a group of beer-loving friends in 2006 and has been brewing craft beers in-house since February 2009. Production is limited; beers are found in restaurants and liquor stores primarily in Chicago's north and northwest neighborhoods and suburbs. Beer can be purchased at the tasting center in cans or half-gallon growlers ($16 for the initial growler purchase and fill, $12 for a refill).


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BBQ Pro Shop carries a wide variety of Barbecue sauces from famous pitmasters, competition cooks and gourmet chefs. Our BBQ sauce selection includes gluten-free barbecue sauces, BBQ Sauces that do not contain High Fructose Corn Syrup and are also low in sodium. We carry Hot BBQ Sauces as well as fruit based BBQ sauces and a number of unique, micro batch Barbecue sauces. Our selection of Barbecue sauce contains main of the five start rated sauces from Barbecue Sauce Reviews and we pride ourselves on being your one stop shop for all of the sauces you will love. We carry 17th Street BBQ, Plowboys, Willingham's, Killer Hogs, Big Butz, Rooftop Competition Sauce, Smoque and Peg Leg Porker sauce.
Smoke on Wheels BBQ Marinade
Availability: Out of stockSmoke on Wheels BBQ Marinade has helped Smoke On Wheels Competition BBQ consistently score in chicken, including a perfect 180 score! Also excellent as a general purpose grilling marinade. Learn More
Regular Price: $8.99
Special Price: $7.99
Smoke on Wheels Pork Marinade & Injection
Availability: Out of stockThis marinade helped Smoke on Wheels earn 1st place at the 2010 Jack Daniels Invitational in pork, and also in the American Royal! Your pork shoulders, and ribs, will sing with flavor. Also perfect as a marinade for chops/loins. Learn More
Regular Price: $8.99
Special Price: $7.99


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Episode 1
The War Comes Home
Gates frantically tries to find out what happened to Neela
Rent, buy and watch the latest movies and TV shows online
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No subscription, so you only pay when you rent or buy a movie or TV show, from just 99p.
blinkbox is available on PC, Mac, mobile, tablets, Chromecast, consoles, smart TVs, set‑top boxes and Blu‑ray players.
"ER" follows the lives of the emergency room staff and doctors of Chicago's County General Hospital, a Level One Trauma Center where the difference between life and death rests on split-second decisions.
Suitable only for 15 years and over
The War Comes Home
Gates frantically tries to find out what happened to Neela
In A Different Light
Moretti continues to institute new measures.
Officer Down
Abby & Morris jump in to save two volunteer cops brought in with gunshot wounds
County General Hospital is turned into a beauty parlor for a day
Under The Influence
Abby struggles to keep her life together without Kovac
The Test
Moretti brings in a new attending physician, Skye Wexler
Abby falls back into old habits.
Coming Home
Kovac surprises Abby by returning home a day earlier than expected.
Skye's The Limit
Pratt becomes upset when a new temporary emergency room chief is named.
300 Patients
Julia decides to hold a service to bless the ER and the patients
Status Quo
Jeanie Boulet rushes into the ER after her son takes a fall during gym class.
Believe The Unseen
Abby checks out of rehab and makes her way back to the ER
A prison doctor comes into the ER after trying to save a young boy
Owner Of A Broken Heart
A new doctor refuses to teach interns; Abby may confess.
As The Day She Was Born
AIDA TURTURRO guest stars as a patient with a torn aorta.
Truth Will Out
Neela performed an aorta surgery that caused an infection.
Under Pressure
Guest star JOSH STEWART draws a gun on Neela.
Tandem Repeats
Abby is offered a new job and struggles to make a decision.
The Chicago Way
Love and secrets abound in this explosive season finale.
Own forever. Watch on up to 5 devices.
PC, Mac, Chromecast, iPad, iPhone, Android phones and tablets, Windows phones and tablets, Xbox, PS3, smart TVs, set-top boxes and Blu-ray players.
Download on iOS 7+, Android 4.0+ and Windows 8.1+ in app. Includes rentals.
Download this episode and watch on Windows Media Player*
*UK internet connection required to acquire licence Learn more.


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The study of anthropology traditionally covers four fields: sociocultural anthropology, linguistic anthropology, biological anthropology, and archaeology. At Sarah Lawrence College, we concentrate on sociocultural and linguistic anthropology.
Behind almost every aspect of our lives is a cultural realm, a shared construction that shapes assumptions and determines much of how we perceive and relate to the world. Sociocultural anthropology is the study of that realm—its extent and its effects. As students learn to approach with an anthropological eye what they formerly might have taken for granted, they gain insight into how social forces govern the ways in which we relate to ourselves and to each other: how we use words, how we define ourselves and others, how we make sense of our bodies, even how we feel emotions. Through examining the writings of anthropologists, viewing ethnographic films, and discussing these and other materials in seminar and conference sessions, students develop a comprehensive and multipatterned sense of the cultural dimensions of human lives. By studying the underpinnings of language, symbolic practices, race, gender, sexuality, policy and advocacy, medical systems, cities, modernity, and/or social organization across a range of Western and non-Western settings, students come to understand better how meaning is made. With seminar dynamics and content characteristic of graduate-level work, Sarah Lawrence's anthropology courses take students in often unexpected and challenging directions.
Anthropology courses
- Desire Across Boundaries: Race, Gender, and Sexuality in the Postcolonial World
- First-Year Studies: Anthropology and Photography
- Global Kinships
- Indigenous Rights and Representations
- Language and the Poetics of Emotions
- Love in the Time of Neoliberalism: Grammars of Affect and Cultures of Capitalism
- Mobilities and Moorings
- The Power of Words: The Linguistic Imagination Between Emancipation and Domination
- Understanding Experience: Phenomenological Approaches in Anthropology


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The cute Pepper and Salt shaker in the picture below was gifted by Lubna of Yummy Food . I loved it. That looks so cute isn't it!
- Spinach - 2 bunches
- Onion -1, chopped
- Tomato - 1, chopped
- Butter - 1 tbsp
- Pepper powder - 1 tbsp
- Split Orange Lentils ( Massor Dal) - 1/2 cup
- Panner - for garnishing
- Salt to taste
- Pressure cook masoor dal and smash them properly. Add 1 cup of water to it and boil for 2 Min's and the stock is ready. Keep them aside
- Melt butter in a pan, then add chopped onions to it and fry for 3 Min's.
- Then add chopped tomato to it and saute for few Min's.
- Then add chopped palak leaves and enough water to it and cook till leaves becomes tender.
- Grind them to a smooth puree in a mixer.
- Then add this puree to the dal stock and add salt and pepper to it and bring to a boil.
- Garnish with grated pannner and serve hot with bread.


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Marketing Information
High quality Category 6 (CAT6) patch cables are the solution to your internetworking needs. With a blazing speed of up to 550MHz you can connect to your LAN/WAN segments and networking gear at maximum speed. Also, with its superior connector you get a cable that is built for speed and endurance. Axiom Cat6 cables are made of 100% bare copper wire, as opposed to copper clad aluminum (CCA) wire, and are therefore fully compliant with UL Code 444 and National Electrical Code TIA-568-C.2 fire and safety standards, which require pure bare copper wire in Cat6 communications cables.
General Information
Certifications & Standards
Green Compliant
Green Compliance Certificate/Authority
Physical Characteristics
Technical Information


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Bridal fairs offer an efficient way to review what's in the marketplace—you can check out florists and photographers, sample the wares of cake makers and listen to the music of a variety of DJs. And if you haven't yet selected your wedding garb, there's always a lengthy production number with models showing off a wide range of wedding attire.
Here Comes The Guide maintains this calendar of bridal fairs, but we don't produce these events. For more information about any of the wedding fairs listed here, please contact the fair directly.
Want to post your bridal fair or bridal event on our calendar?
|Charity Wedding Gown Sale & Bridal Show
|Sunday, July 19, 2015
|Fresno Bakersfield and Central Valley
|SLO's Fabulous Fall Bridal Show
|Sunday, October 18, 2015
|Central Coast Beach Area and San Luis Obispo
|San Luis Obispo


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Hi, I'm wondering if anyone else has seen this issue:
I can boot up fine with the instantcake cd-rom, but I cannot mount the cdrom device to /cdrom. It keeps returning an error that it cannot mount the device. I tried every /dev/sdX device with no luck.
I reviewed the dmesg output and it seems like the cdrom is being attached to "sr0", but I cannot find this device in /dev.
Any ideas?


text: What is a Romance story? Romance novels describe the development of a relationship between two people. Often, the story will end with the two characters falling in love or a similarly optimistic conclusion. Chat with other Romance readers and authors. Congrats to Wattpad Author XoStardust for her Feature in Faze Magazine! Check out what the editors of Faze Magazine think about "The Last Dance": http://bit.ly/bcyoiX


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Kitchen with an island.
Loft bedroom with a full size log bed.
Beautiful Private Mountain Wooded Yard
Full Bath Main Level, old fashion claw foot tub
Living Room Gas Log Fireplace, TV Entertainment Center
Loft Full bath with shower, tub, toilet, sink
Lovely private porch 100 sq. ft.over looking the hillside.
Murphy Bed Lower Level
Outside Fun, Horse Shoe Pit
Outside View of Harley House Cabin, Book Today
The master bedroom has log furniture queen size bed