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An altar is any structure upon which sacrifices or other offerings are made for religious purposes, or some other sacred place where ceremonies take place. Altars are usually found in shrines, temples, and other sacred places. They were features of temple furniture in many cultures worldwide from ancient times to the present day, particularly in ancient Pagan religions. Today they are used particularly in the religions of Buddhism, Hinduism, Shinto, Taoism (also known as Daoism), as well as Christianity, Satanism, Thelema, Neopaganism, and in Ceremonial Magic. They were also found in other ancient religions.
After the theophany on Mount Sinai, in the Tabernacle—and afterwards in the Temple—only two altars were used: the Altar of Burnt Offering, and the Altar of Incense.
The first altar was the Altar of Burnt Offering ( mizbach ha'olah) also called the Brasen Altar the Outer Altar (mizbach hachitzona), the Earthen Altar (mizbach adamah), the Great Altar (mizbach hagedola) and the Table of the Lord This was the outdoor altar and stood in the Court of the Priests, between the Temple and the Court of Israel, and upon which the korbanot (animal and bird sacrifices) were offered. The blood of the sacrifices would be thrown against the base of the altar and portions of the sacrifices would be burned on top of it (precisely which portions would depend upon the type of sacrifice). Also consumed at the altar would be some of the meat offerings, and the drink offerings (libations of wine) were poured out here. All sacrifices had to be "seasoned with salt" ()
Three separate piles of wood burned atop the altar. The largest of these was where all the portions of the sacrifices were burned; the second fire provided the coals for the Altar of Incense within the sanctuary, and the third was the "perpetual fire" which constantly burned on the altar. Nothing was placed on it, and no coals were taken from it. It existed solely to fulfill the commandment that there be a perpetual fire, as the Torah states: "And a fire shall burn there on the altar constantly; it shall not be extinguished" (). There was no commandment regarding the type of wood to be used; however, the Rabbis forbade the use of olive wood and grape vine, as these would not burn well and needed to be conserved because of their commercial value to the people. Three particular types of wood were preferred: fig, walnut, and pine. These woods all burn well, and were therefore preferable. The choicest branches of fig were used for the second fire, the one from which coals were taken for the Altar of Incense. If all of the lamps of the menorah went out, they would have to be rekindled from the fire on the Altar of Burnt Offering.
A large pile of ashes was formed in the center of the altar from the remnants of the three fires. A portion of the ashes from this pile were required to be removed every morning before the first sacrifice of the day. In the Second Temple, the priest who fulfilled this mitzvah (commandment) was chosen by lottery every morning. He would vest in his priestly vestments and wash his hands before approaching the altar. The ashes were taken up in a silver shovel and set on the ground to the east of the altar at what was called, "the place of the ashes." Then he would change from his priestly vetments into ordinary clothing and remove the ashes to a clean place outside the camp (Cf., ).
In the various utensils used with the altar are enumerated. They were made of brass. (Comp. ; ; ). The altar could not be carved using utensils made of iron or of bronze nor were any allowed on or near it, because iron and bronze were used for implements of war. The Altar and its utensils were considered to be sacred, and the priests had to vest and wash their hands before touching them—even so much as removing the ashes from the altar.
According to the Bible, the fire on the altar was lit directly by the hand of God and was not permitted to go out (). No strange fire could be placed upon the altar. The burnt offerings would remain on the altar throughout the night before they could be removed ().
A second lottery would be made to determine which priests would fulfill the various duties involved in offering the sacrifice and preparing the menorah and the Golden Altar.
When Moses consecrated the Tablernacle in the wilderness, he sprinkled the Altar of Burnt Offering with the anointing oil seven times and purified it by anointing its four horns with the blood of a bullock offered as a sin-offering, "and poured the blood at the bottom of the altar and sanctified it, to make reconciliation upon it" ().
The Kohathites were the Levites who were responsible for moving and setting up the altar. When it was time for the Israelites to move, they removed the ashes from the altar, and spread a purple cloth over it, placed all of the instruments and vessels used in the sacrifices on it, covered it with a blanket of badger skin, and put the carrying poles in place ().
According to the Bible, after the rebellion of Korah, the censers that were used by the rebels were made into broad plates used to cover the altar, as a warning that only priests of the seed of Aaron may offer incense before the Lord ().
This altar was renewed by Asa (). It was removed by Ahaz and "cleansed" by Hezekiah, in the latter part of whose reign it was rebuilt. It was finally broken up and carried away by the Babylonians in 586 BCE ().
After their return from the Babylonian captivity it was re-erected where it had formerly stood. When Antiochus IV Epiphanes pillaged Jerusalem, he defiled the Altar of Burnt Offering by erecting a pagan altar upon it. Judas Maccabeus renewed the altar when he re-took Jerusalem. Since the existing altar had been defiled by the blood of pagan sacrifices the old stones of the altar were removed and replaced with new, unhewn ones. However, since the old stones had been previously sanctified by the Jewish sacrifices they could not be moved to an unclean place; so they remained on the Temple Mount, "until there should come a prophet to tell what to do with them." (1 Maccabees 4:41-47).
During Herod the Great's extensive building activity on the Temple Mount, it was likely refurbushed. Talmudic scholars give a very precise description of the altar during the Second Temple period. The altar was built as a perfect square and was quite large: it reached a height of 10 cubits (app. 5 meters) and its width was 32 cubits (app. 16 meters). It was constructed of two main parts: the altar itself, and the ascent ramp. Both were constructed of stones and earth. On top of the altar at its four corners, there were hollow boxes which made small protrusions or "horns." These horns measured one cubit square and 5 handbreadths high, each (or, app. 18" x 18" x 15"). In this form, the altar remained in its place until the destruction of Jerusalem by the Romans in 70 A.D.
Today, in the Dome of the Rock, immediately underneath the great golden dome, which is believed to occupy the site of the old temple, there is a rough projection of the natural rock known as the Foundation Stone, measuring about 60 feet in its extreme length, 50 feet in its greatest breadth, and at its highest point about 4 feet above the pavement. This rock seems to have been left intact when Solomon's Temple was built, and may have been the site of the Altar of Burnt Offering, although a recent analysis suggests it may have been the floor of the Holy of Holies. Underneath this rock is a cave, known today as the Well of Souls, which may have been the granary of Araunah's threshing-floor ().
The altar was constructed of shittim wood and covered in pure gold. It was an upright rectangular stand, measuring one cubit wide, one cubit deep, and two cubits high, with a "horn" on each corner, a border of gold around the top, and rings on opposite sides through which poles could be passed to carry it (). The poles were made of shittim wood covered with gold. Moses consecrated the altar with the anointing oil when the Tabernacle was dedicated ().
On this altar incense was burned daily at the time of the morning and the evening sacrifices. The coals used on this altar had to be taken from the Altar of Burnt Offerings. The incense used had to be made according to a specific formula and no other incense was permitted (). According to Jewish tradition, the incense was made by the Avtinas family, who closely guarded its secret. The offering of incense also had to be seasoned with salt.
The offering of incense was the apex of the daily morning and the evening services. According to the Rabbis, this was the part of the temple service that was most beloved by God (Zohar I 130:A). The burning of the incense was symbolic of the prayer of the people rising up to God (; ). The offering of incense had to take place after the sacrifice, because only after the atonement could communion with God take place. After the offering of incense, the Kohenim (priests) pronounced the Priestly Blessing upon the people.
Whenever certain sin-offerings were brought, the coals from the incense that was lit that morning were pushed aside and the blood of the "inner sin-offering" was sprinkled seven times on the top of the Golden Altar ().
Once a year, on Yom Kippur, the Altar of Incense was purified (). The High Priest, after sacrificing a bull and a goat and purifying the Holy of Holies with their blood, would mix the blood of the two animals together. Then, starting at the northeast corner, he smeared the mixture of blood on each of the four corners of the Golden Altar. He then sprinkled the blood eight times on the altar.
In Solomon's temple the altar was similar in size, but was made of cedar-wood overlaid with gold. In it is called "the altar of wood." (Comp. .)
In the temple rebuilt after the Babylonian Exile the Golden Altar was restored. Antiochus Epiphanes took it away, but it was afterwards restored by Judas Maccabeus (1 Maccabees 1:23; 4:49). It was at this altar that Zacharias ministered when an angel appeared to him (). Among the trophies carried away by Titus after the destruction of Jerusalem, and depicted on the Arch of Titus in Rome, the Altar of Incense is not depicted, though the menorah, silver trumpets (the hasoserah mentioned in ), the mortar and pestle used for preparing the incense, and possibly the Table of Showbread are.
It should be mentioned that there are other offerings involving incense, such as the meat offerings, but these were consumed on the Altar of Burnt Offering, not on the Altar of Incense. On the day of Yom Kippur only, the High Priest would offer incense in the Holy of Holies.
The word "altar" (Greek: θυσιαστήριον) appears twenty-four times in the New Testament. Significantly, spoke of Christians having an altar of which those who follow the Jewish liturgy could not partake, a reference, it seems, to the Eucharist and the table/altar used by the early Church. In early and later Catholic theology it is a re-presentation, in the literal sense of the one sacrifice being made "present again." Hence, the table upon which the Eucharistic meal (the Bread and the Wine) is also called an altar.
Altars occupy a prominent place in the sanctuaries of many churches, especially those belonging to the ancient Christian traditions, such as the Roman Catholic, Anglican, Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox and Assyrian Churches. They are also found in many Protestant worship places. It plays a central role in the celebration of the Eucharist. A priest (or minister in Protestant circles) celebrates at the altar, on which the bread and the wine are placed.
The area around the altar is seen as endowed with greater holiness, and is usually physically distinguished from the rest of the church, whether by a permanent structure such as an iconostasis, a rood screen or altar rails, by a curtain that can be closed at more solemn moments of the liturgy, as in the Armenian Church, or simply by the general architectural layout. The altar is often on a higher elevation than the rest of the church. In Reformed and Anabaptist churches, a table, often called a "communion table", serves an analogous function. In some colloquial usage, the word "altar" is used to denote the altar rail also, although this usage is technically incorrect.
Churches generally have a single altar, although in the West, where concelebration had formerly fallen into disuse and priests always celebrated Mass individually, larger churches have had one or more side chapels, each with its own altar. The main altar was also referred to the "high altar". Since the revival of concelebration in the West, the Roman Missal recommends that in new churches there should be only one altar, "which in the gathering of the faithful will signify the one Christ and the one Eucharist of the Church. But most existing Western churches, whether Roman Catholic or Anglican, may have a high altar in the main body of the church, with one or more adjoining chapels, each with its own altar, at which the Eucharist may be celebrated on weekdays.
Architecturally, there are two types of altars: those that are attached to the eastern wall of the chancel, and those that are free-standing and can be walked around, for instance when incensing the altar.
In the earliest days of the Church, the Eucharist appears to have been celebrated on portable altars set up for the purpose. Some historians hold that, during the persecutions, the Eucharist was celebrated among the tombs in the catacombs, using the sarcophagi of martyrs as altars on which to celebrate. Other historians dispute this, but it is thought to be the origin of the tradition of placing relics beneath the altar.
When Christianity was legalized under Constantine the Great, formal church buildings were built in great numbers, normally with free-standing altars in the middle of the sanctuary, which in all the earliest churches built in Rome was at the west end of the church. "When Christians in fourth-century Rome could first freely begin to build churches, they customarily located the sanctuary towards the west end of the building in imitation of the sanctuary of the Jerusalem Temple. Although in the days of the Jerusalem Temple the High Priest indeed faced east when sacrificing on Yom Kippur, the sanctuary within which he stood was located at the western end of the Temple. The Christian replication of the layout and the orientation of the Jerusalem Temple helped to dramatize the eschatological meaning attached to the sacrificial death of Jesus the High Priest in the Epistle to the Hebrews. The ministers (bishop, priests, deacons, subdeacons, acolytes), celebrated the Eucharist facing east, towards the entrance. Some hold that for the central part of the celebration the congregation faced the same way. After the sixth century the contrary orientation prevailed, with the entrance to the west and the altar at the east end. Then the ministers and congregation all faced east during the whole celebration; and in Western Europe altars began, in the Middle Ages, to be permanently placed against the east wall of the chancel.
Most rubrics, even in books of the seventeenth century and later, such as the Pontificale Romanum, continued to envisage the altar as free-standing. The rite of the Dedication of the Church continued to presume that the officiating Bishop could circle the altar during the consecration of the church and its altar. Despite this, with the increase in the size and importance of the reredos, most altars were built against the wall or barely separated from it.
In almost all cases, the eastward orientation for prayer was maintained, whether the altar was at the west end of the church, as in all the earliest churches in Rome, in which case, the priest celebrating Mass faced the congregation and the church entrance, or whether it was at the east end of the church, in which case the priest faced the eastern apse and had his back to the congregation. This diversity was recognized in the rubrics of the Roman Missal from the 1604 typical edition of Pope Clement VIII to the 1962 edition of Pope John XXIII: "Si altare sit ad orientem, versus populum …"
The present rules regarding the Ordinary Form of the Roman Rite liturgy declare a free-standing main altar to be "desirable wherever possible. Similarly, in the Anglican Communion, the rubrics of the Book of Common Prayer assumed an altar fixed against the wall, until Prayer Book revision in the twentieth century removed language which assumed any particular form of altar.
As well as altars in the structural sense, it became customary in the West to have what in Latin were referred to as altaria portatilia (portable altars), more commonly referred to in English as "altar stones". When travelling, a priest could take one with him and place it on an ordinary table for saying Mass. They were also inserted into the centre of structural altars especially those made of wood. In that case, it was the altar stone that was considered liturgically to be the altar. The Pontificale Romanum contained a rite for blessing at the same time several of these altar stones. In the East the antimension served and continues to serve the same purpose. In the West, the obligation to use one for the celebration of Mass has been abolished.
The term "movable altar" or "portable altar" is now used of a full-scale structural altar, with or without an inserted altar stone, that can in fact be moved.
Such altars are found in Roman Catholic churches awaiting restructuring from an arrangement in which a priest celebrated Mass at a remote high altar, usually facing away from them, to one in which he is closer to the congregation and generally facing them. Both Catholic and Protestant churches use them to celebrate the Eucharist in places other than a church or chapel (such as outdoors or in an auditorium). In those Protestant churches in which the focus of worship is not on the Eucharist, which may be celebrated rarely, and in churches which want to make use of both a fixed and free-standing altar at different services, they are not only movable but are in fact occasionally moved. Churches that have adhered to the Protestant Reformation have favoured as altars free-standing wooden tables placed in the quire away from the east wall and the high altar, and without any altar stone.
In the United States the General Instruction of the Roman Missalis used regarding regulations for the altar. The Instruction recommends:
That there be a fixed altar in every church, since it more clearly and permanently signifies Christ as the living stone (cf. ). The reason an altar is called 'fixed' is because it attached to the floor so as to be irremovable.
Roman Catholicism requires that there be only one altar in a newly built church, and that it be made of stone, ideally natural stone, as the altar symbolises Christ who is regarded as being the cornerstone of the Church. In practice, however, solid and well-crafted wood is often used, due to the expense of stone. It is still customary to place relics of saints under the altar.
In older church buildings where the altar is positioned against the wall and cannot be moved without damage (examples of which can be seen in this section) a table is normally placed in front, and the old one used either for aethestic purposes or for the tabernacle.
Because the altar represents Christ, only what is required for the celebration of the Mass may be placed on the mensa (the flat, horizontal surface of the altar), but this is not a recommendation that is normally followed.
Candles, which are required at every Catholic liturgical service, are placed either on or around the altar in a way suited to the design of the altar and the sanctuary. Catholics also place a cross, or crucifix (a cross with the figure of Christ), on the altar or near the altar, where it is clearly visible to the congregation.
Altars in the Anglican Communion vary widely. At the time of the Reformation, altars were fixed against the east end of the church, and the priests would celebrate the Mass standing at the front of the altar. Beginning with the rubrics of the Second Prayer Book of Edward VI published in 1552, and through the 1662 Book of Common Prayer (which prevailed for almost 300 years), the priest is directed to stand "at the north syde of the Table [altar]." This was variously interpreted over the years to mean the north side of the front of a fixed altar, the north end of a fixed altar (ie., facing south), the north side of a free-standing altar (presumably facing those intending to receive the Elements who would be sitting in the quire stalls opposite), or at the north end of a free-standing altar placed lengthwise in the chancel, facing a congregation seated in the nave.
Often, where a celebrant chose to situate himself was meant to convey his churchmanship (that is, more Reformed or more Catholic). The use of candles or tabernacles were banned by canon law, with the only appointed adornment being a white linen cloth.
Beginning with the Catholic Revival in the 19th Century, the appearance of Anglican altars took a dramatic turn in many churches. Candles and, in some cases, tabernacles were reintroduced. In some churches two candles, on each end of the altar, were used; in other cases six - three on either side of a tabernacle, typically surmounted by a crucifix or some other image of Christ.
In Anglican practice, conformity to a given standard depends on the ecclesiastical province and/or the liturgical sensibilities of a given parish. In the Parson's Handbook, an influential manual for priests popular in the early-to-mid-twentieth century, Percy Dearmer recommends the size of an altar be "as nearly as possible 3 ft. 3 in. high, and at least deep enough to take a corporal [the square of linen placed underneath the Communion vessels] 20 in. square with a foot or more to spare." He also recommends that the altar stand upon three steps for each of the three sacred ministers, and that it be decorated with a silk frontal in the seasonal colour. In some cases, other manuals suggest that a stone be set in the top of wooden altars, in the belief that the custom be maintained of consecrating the bread and wine on a stone surface. In many other Anglican parishes, the custom is considerably less rigorous, especially in those parishes which use free-standing altars. Typically, these altars are made of wood, and may or may not have a solid front, which may or may not be ornamented. In many Anglican parishes, the use of frontals has persisted.
When altars are placed away from the wall of the chancel allowing a westward orientation, only two candles are placed on either end of it, since six would obscure the liturgical action, undermining the intent of a westward orientation (ie., that it be visible to the congregation). In such an arrangement, a tabernacle may stand to one side of or behind the altar, or an aumbry may be used.
Sensibilities concerning the sanctity of the altar are widespread in Anglicanism. In some parishes, the notion that the surface of the altar should only be touched by those in holy orders is maintained. In others, there is considerably less strictness. Nonetheless, the continued popularity of altar rails in Anglican church construction suggests that a sense of the sanctity of the altar and its surrounding area persists. In most cases, moreover, the practice of allowing only those items that have been blessed to be placed on the altar is maintained (that is, the linen cloth, candles, missal, and the Eucharistic vessels).
A wide variety of altars exist in various Protestant denominations. Some groups, such as Lutheran and Methodist will have altars very similar to Anglican ones, keeping with their sacramental understanding of Holy Communion. In Protestant churches from Reformed, Baptist, Congregational, and Non-denominational traditions, it is very common for the altar to have on it only an open Bible and a pair of candlesticks. Many of these groups use a very simple wooden table, known as a Communion Table, adorned perhaps with only a linen cloth, and would avoid any suggestion of a sacrifice being offered. Such Communion Tables often bear the inscription: "Do This in Remembrance of Me" indicating the belief in Holy Communion being a memorial rather than a sacrament. Such a table is normally not consecrated in any manner, and may be temporary, being moved into place only when there is a Communion Service. Many Protestant denominations have no altar at all, the sanctuary being dominated only by the pulpit.
Some evangelical churches practice what is referred to as an altar call, whereby those who wish to make a new spiritual commitment to Jesus Christ are invited to come forward publicly. It is so named because the supplicants gather at the altar located at the front of the church (however, the invitation may be referred to as an "altar call" even if there is no actual altar present). Most altar calls occur at the end of the sermon. Those that come forward will usually be asked to recite a sinner's prayer, thereby making a formal confession of their new faith. They may also be offered literature, counselling or other assistance. It is sometimes said that those who come forth are going to "be saved". This is a ritual in which the supplicant makes a prayer of penitence (asking for his sins to be forgiven) and faith (accepting Jesus Christ as their personal Lord and Savior).
Altar calls may also invite those who are already fully members of the Christian community to come forward for specific purposes other than conversion; for example, to pray for some need, to rededicate their lives after a lapse, or to receive a particular blessing (such as the Gifts of the Holy Spirit) or if they are called to certain tasks such as missionary work.
"Altar" has a meaning in the Eastern Orthodox and Eastern Catholic churches that varies with context. Its most common usage does not denote the table itself, but the area surrounding it; that is to say, the entire sanctuary. This includes both the area behind the iconostasis, and the soleas (the elevated projection in front of the iconostasis), and the ambo. When one enters the sanctuary, one is said to be "going into the altar". The altar table itself may be referred to as either the Holy Table or the Throne (Prestól). This section will describe the Holy Table, not the sanctuary.
For both Orthodox and Eastern Catholics, the Holy Table (altar) is normally free-standing, although in very small sanctuaries it might be placed flush against the back wall for reasons of space. They are typically about one meter high, and although they may be made of stone they are generally built out of wood. The exact dimensions may vary, but it is generally square in plan and in reasonable proportion to the size of the sanctuary. It has five legs: one at each corner plus a central pillar for supporting the relics which are placed in it at its consecration (if, however, the consecration was not performed by a bishop, but by a priest whom he delegated for that purpose, relics are not placed in the Holy Table). A plain linen covering (Strachítsa) is bound to the Holy Table with cords; this cover is never removed after the altar is consecrated. The linen covering symbolizes the winding sheet in which the body of Christ was wrapped when he was laid in the tomb. Since the altar is never seen uncovered thereafter, the strachitsa tends to be constructed more with sturdiness than aesthetics in mind. Above this first cover is a second ornamented cover (Indítia), often in a brocade of a color that may change with the liturgical season. This outer covering usually comes all the way to the floor and represents the glory of God's Throne.
Atop the altar is the tabernacle (Kovtchég), a miniature shrine sometimes built in the form of a church, inside of which is a small ark containing the Reserved sacrament for use in communing the sick. Also kept on the altar is the Gospel Book. Under the Gospel is kept the antimension, a silken cloth imprinted with an icon of Christ being prepared for burial, which has a relic sewn into it and bears the signature of the bishop. Another, simpler cloth, the ilitón, is wrapped around the antimension to protect it, and symbolizes the "napkin" that was tied around the face of Jesus when he was laid in the tomb (forming a companion to the strachitsa). The Divine Liturgy must be served on an antimension even if the altar has been consecrated and contains relics. When not in use, the antimension is left in place in the center of the Holy Table and is not removed except for necessity.
The Holy Table may only be touched by ordained members of the higher clergy (bishops, priests and deacons), and nothing which is not itself consecrated or an object of veneration should be placed on it. Objects may also be placed on the altar as part of the process for setting them aside for sacred use. For example, icons are usually blessed by laying them on the Holy Table for a period of time or for a certain number of Divine Liturgies before sprinkling them with holy water, and placing them where they will be venerated. The Epitaphios on Good Friday, and the Cross on the Feasts of the Cross, are also placed on the Holy Table before they are taken to the center of the church to be venerated by the faithful.
In place of the outer covering, some altars have a permanent solid cover which may be highly ornamented, richly carved, or even plated in precious metals. A smaller brocade cover is used on top of this if it is desired that the altar decoration reflect the liturgical season.
The Holy Table is used as the place of offering in the celebration of the Eucharist, where bread and wine are offered to God the Father and the Holy Spirit is invoked to make his Son Jesus Christ present in the Gifts. It is also the place where the presiding clergy stand at any service, even where no Eucharist is being celebrated and no offering is made other than prayer. When the priest reads the Gospel during Matins (or All-Night Vigil) on Sunday, he reads it standing in front of the Holy Table, because it represents the Tomb of Christ, and the Gospel lessons for Sunday Matins are always one of the Resurrection appearances of Jesus.
On the northern side of the sanctuary stands another, smaller altar, known as the Table of Oblation (Prothesis or Zhértvennik) at which the Liturgy of Preparation takes place. On it the bread and wine are pepared before the Divine Liturgy. The Prothesis symbolizes the cave of Bethlehem and also the Anointing stone at which the Body of Christ was prepared after the Deposition from the Cross. The Table of Oblation is also blessed, sprinkled with holy water and vested at the consecration of a church, but there are no relics placed in it. Nothing other than the sacred vessels, veils, etc. which are used in the Liturgy of Preparation may be placed on the Table of Oblation. The Epitaphios and Cross are also placed on the Table of Oblation before the priest and deacon solemnly transfer them to the Holy Table. In addition to the higher clergy, subdeacons are permitted to touch the Table of Oblation, but no one of lesser rank may do so. The Table of Oblation is the place where the deacon will consume the remaining Gifts (Body and Blood of Christ) after the Divine Liturgy and perform the ablutions.
In the Armenian Apostolic Church the altar is placed against the eastern wall of the church, often in an apse. The shape of the altar is usually rectangular, similar to Latin altars, but is unusual in that it will normally have several steps on top of the table, on which are placed the tabernacle, candles, ceremonial fans a cross, and the Gospel Book.
In Hinduism, altars are also shrines to the gods, and therefore sacred. Offerings and sacrifices are made at these shrines, to the gods. A large shrine is found in the temple, or mandir, while smaller ones are found in the home. A Hindu shrine consists of images of the gods called murtis, and offerings to that god. There is usually also lights, pictures of saints and gurus, and offerings, often of food.
Taoist altars are erected to honor traditional deities and the spirits of ancestors. Taoist altars may be erected in temples or in private homes. Strict traditions describe the items offered and the ritual involved in the temples, but folk custom in the homes is much freer.
Nearly all forms of Chinese traditional religion involve baibai (拜拜)--bowing towards an altar, with a stick of incense in one's hand. (Some schools prescribe the use of three sticks of incense in the hand at one time. ) This may be done at home, or in a temple, or outdoors; by an ordinary person, or a professional (such as a Daoshi 道士); and the altar may feature any number of deities or ancestral tablets. Baibai is usually done in accordance with certain dates of the lunar/solar calendar (see Chinese calendar).
At certain dates, food may be set out as a sacrifice to the gods and/or spirits of the departed. (See, for example, Qingming Festival and Ghost Festival.) This may include slaughtered pigs and ducks, or fruit. Another form of sacrifice involves the burning of Hell Bank Notes, on the assumption that images thus consumed by the fire will reappear--not as a mere image, but as the actual item--in the spirit world, and be available for the departed spirit to use. In Taoist folk religion, sometimes chickens, pigs feet, and pig heads are given as offerings. But in orthodox Daoist practice, offerings should essentially be incense, candles and vegetarian offerings.
In Buddhism, a butsudan is an altar found in temples or homes. The butsudan is a wooden cabinet with doors that enclose and protect a religious image of the Buddha or the Bodhisattvas (typically in the form of a statue) or a mandala scroll, installed in the highest place of honor and centered. The doors are opened to display the image during religious observances. A butsudan usually contains subsidiary religious items—called butsugu—such as candlesticks, incense burners, bells, and platforms for placing offerings such as fruit. Some buddhist sects place "ihai," memorial tablets for deceased relatives, within or near the butsudan. Butsudans are often decorated with flowers.
The shrine is placed in the temple or home as a place of worship to the Buddha, the Law of the Universe, etc. Scrolls (honzon) or statues are placed in the butsudan and prayed to morning and evening. Zen Buddhists also meditate before the butsudan.
The original design for the butsudan began in India, where people built altars the size of skyscrapers as an offering-place to the Buddha. When Buddhism came to China and Korea, statues of the Buddha were placed on pedestals or platforms. the Chinese and Koreans built walls and doors around the statues to shield them from the weather. They could then safely offer their prayers, incense, etc. to the statue or scroll without it falling and breaking.
When the Japanese finally welcomed Buddhism after many years of Shintoism, they took in the religion along with the butsudan. As many new Buddhist sects came into being, the butsudan was placed in many temples. The Japanese took the plain walls and doors of the mainland shrines and elaborately embellished them, and the butsudan became the focal point of every temple. As time went on, people began installing butsudans into their homes.
In Shinto, altars are found in shrines. Originating in ancient times, himorogi are temporarily-erected sacred spaces or "altars" used as a locus of worship. A physical area is demarcated with branches of green bamboo or sakaki at the four corners, between which are strung sacred border ropes (shimenawa). In the center of the area a large branch of sakaki festooned with sacred emblems (hei) is erected as a yorishiro, a physical representation of the presence of the kami and toward which rites of worship are performed.
In more elaborate cases, a himorogi may be constructed by placing a rough straw mat upon the ground, then erecting a ceremonial eight-legged stand (hakkyaku an) upon the mat and decorating the stand with a framework upon which are placed sacred border ropes and sacred border emblems. Finally the sakaki branch is erected in the center of this stand as the focus of worship.
A basic altar, called a Hörgr was used for sacrifice in Norse paganism. The Hörgr was constructed of piled stones, possibly in a wood (harrow), and would be used in sacrifices and perhaps other ceremonies as well.
A possible use of the hörgr during a sacrifice would be to place upon it a bowl of the blood of an animal sacrificed to a Norse deity (e.g. a goat for Thor, a sow for Freyja, a boar for Freyr), then dipping a bundle of fir twigs into it and waving the bundle in the form of the "hammer-sign" to spatter the participants with the blood. This would consecrate the attendees to the ceremony, such as a wedding.
In Neo-Paganism there is a wide variety of ritual practice, running the gamut from a very eclectic Syncretism to strict Polytheistic reconstructionism. Many of these groups make use of altars. Some are constructed merely of rough-hewn or stacked stone, and some are made of fine wood or other finished material.
In the tradition of Wicca, altars are of particular importance. Since many Neo-Pagan traditions currently worship in the home of a member of the fellowship, the altar may be a permanent part of the home or a portable set of items set on a surface which will be consecrated and released at each event. Any surface can be used, although some traditions prefer a particular type of wood, stone, or other natural material. The altar may be of any shape and size, or even a patch of ground. The items brought to the altar may be a random assortment of personally significant items or a particular set with ritual significance. Traditionally, altar items may include but are not limited to: candles of significant colors, cups or bowls or cauldrons, small statues of gods and goddesses, a ritual knife which in most traditions must never be defiled by being used to cause damage, a wand, a bowl of salt, a bell, and possibly some crystals. The altar is usually covered in some sort of cloth. Some traditions separate the items on the altar into the four Greek classical elements, of earth, air, fire and water; other traditions assign gender preferences to the items and believe they signify the masculine/feminine principles.
High places in Israelite (Hebrew: Bamah, or Bama) or Canaanite culture were open-air shrines, usually erected on an elevated site. Prior to the conquest of Canaan by the Israelites in the 12th–11th century BC, the high places served as shrines of the Canaanite fertility deities, the Baals (Lords) and the Asherot (Semitic goddesses). In addition to an altar, matzevot (stone pillars representing the presence of the divine) were erected.
The practice of worship on these spots, though after the temple was built it had been forbidden, became frequent among the Hebrews, and was with difficulty abolished, though denounced time after time by the prophets as an affront to God. A closely related example is a "backyard" altar, so to speak. Before there was a set temple and a set altar people set up their own altars on their property. After the temple was established using of these altars was forbidden, unlike the preivous case this was quickly eradicated.


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Just like the foot bone's connected to the leg bone, it's only natural to think that a car's engine is connected to its rear wheels. This seemingly reasonable assumption would be wrong—at least in cars equipped with automatic transmissions—because there is no real physical link between the flexplate and the input shaft. Instead, all automatics rely on hydraulic fluid swirling around inside the torque converter to transfer energy from the crankshaft to the tires. In other words, it's the basic principles of fluid dynamics that enable a car to move forward in the first place. The primary component controlling the flow of trans fluid is the torque converter, and consequently, it plays an astoundingly vital role in overall vehicle performance. Dialing in the converter just right can be the difference between taking home a trophy or loading up the trailer after the first round. To get a better handle on how converters work, and what's involved with setting one up for the rigors of racing, we chatted with Brian Reese of TCI Automotive. As we learned, converter setup is often a balancing act among slippage, efficiency, max performance, durability, and driveability, so knowledge is the key to getting it right.
How Torque Converters Work
At its core, a torque converter transmits torque from an engine's crankshaft to the transmission input shaft using hydraulic fluid. To conceptualize how this works, imagine placing two electric fans with their blades facing each other. If one of the fans is turned on, the resulting airflow will spin the other fan even though the two aren't physically connected. A torque converter works on a similar principle, but uses hydraulic fluid instead of air to transfer energy. The torque converter mounting cover bolts to the flexplate, and the impeller pump is welded to the cover to create a single sealed housing. Inside the converter, there are three sets of fins: the impeller, turbine, and stator. As engine rpm increases, the centrifugal force created by the spinning impeller results in increased fluid velocity. This transfers energy to the turbine, which is connected to the transmission input shaft. Since the impeller is moving faster than the turbine, the resulting flow strikes the turbine veins, which transmits torque from the engine to the transmission input shaft. A stator positioned between the impeller and the turbine determines stall speed and torque multiplication characteristics by redirecting fluid from the turbine back to the pump impeller.
Stall Tactics
The design of the torque converter cover, impeller, stator, and turbine have a profound affect on its performance characteristics. The impeller and turbine can have varying fin angles as well as a varying number of fins. The combination of fin angle and number of fins is what dictates the performance of a given torque converter while in coupling mode. Furthermore, the stator influences converter behavior from peak stall up to the point of coupling. Different stator designs allow for more or less torque multiplication. The angle of the inlet and exit of the blades relative to the pump and turbine blades can influence the torque multiplication behavior in addition to determining when the torque converter starts to couple. Likewise, in addition to serving as a housing for the converter's internals, the front cover reduces deflection and ballooning as well.
Slippage and Multiplication
A torque converter's stall speed is one of the most important elements of a car's off-the-line acceleration. In essence, stall speed is the engine rpm at which the torque converter begins to transmit sufficient torque to where any additional rpm will move the turbine, and thereby accelerate a car forward. By raising the stall speed of a converter, the converter will allow the engine to operate at a higher rpm before moving the car. Consequently, simply increasing the stall speed can dramatically improve acceleration. Another vital characteristic of a torque converter is its multiplication ratio. Simply put, this is the torque ratio between the engine and the transmission input shaft. As the torque converter stator redirects fluid from the turbine exit toward the impeller's inlet veins, it pushes on the impeller and transfers torque back to the engine side of the system, which multiplies torque. It's important to note that torque multiplication is a trade-off between rpm and increased torque. Any gains in torque are offset by an increase in slippage. This is why maximum torque multiplication occurs at peak stall, and why accurately gauging efficiency requires taking into a

subset: commoncrawl


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The Man Who Watches Bears | Here in New England
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The bears will soon be here. Ben Kilham is confident of that.
It's a mild evening in early August, just pushing past 6:00, and Kilham, a bear biologist in Lyme, New Hampshire, is ready to work. In a clearing deep in the woods that's flush with clover and a few old apple trees, he sits patiently in his truck, scanning the woods for his visitors. He flicks on his satellite receiver, listening for any signal that might indicate a nearby bear. He hears only static. Kilham is unfazed. "They know the time," he says. "And they know what time I'm here."
That they do. Co-owner of New Hampshire's only licensed bear-rehabilitation facility, Kilham is the state's go-to guy whenever game wardens are alerted to an injured or orphaned bear who's too young or unhealthy to survive on its own. On an enclosed eight-acre chunk of forestland near his house, Kilham, with the help of his sister, Phoebe, has rehabbed some 90 to 100 cubs over the course of his career, caring for them and feeding them until they're 18 months old. Then he introduces them back into the wild.
But Kilham's work extends far beyond parental duties. He's eschewed traditional limits on human contact with his bears and in the process has forged a relationship with these animals that's almost unique among wildlife biologists. His discoveries have yielded new insight into bears' social lives and intelligence. His findings have become the subject of several National Geographic documentaries, put him on network morning shows, and made him the co-author of the 2002 book Among the Bears, which tells the story of his early work raising orphaned cubs.
Much of what he's learned has taken place in this clearing, which Kilham visits almost every evening for a few hours between May and November. "Most nights nothing happens; then some nights the most amazing things happen," he says. "And you don't get to see the most amazing things happen unless you put your time in."
But Kilham's work is notable, too, for what he's not. He works for no university, possesses no advanced degree. For all of his 59 years, Kilham, who is severely dyslexic, has had to circumvent convention and create his own methods for understanding the world around him–which is why his wildlife work isn't just about bears. Kilham's findings and the roadblocks he's encountered and overcome along the way say something about his own species as well.
Kilham has packed his usual tools of the trade: camera with a long telephoto lens, iPad, notebook, several small bags of Oreos, and two big white buckets filled with corn. He's tapping notes on the iPad when an adolescent male bear, around 20 months old, and one Kilham is only slightly familiar with, emerges from the woods.
"How are you?" he says, leaning out of the truck, in a gentle voice. "You don't have Mama around, do you? If she was, you'd be up a tree, wouldn't you?"
Kilham climbs out of his truck, grabs a bucket of corn with both hands, and pours out the kernels near a hawthorn bush, maybe 20 feet from where the bear is standing. He takes a few steps back and points to the food. The bear locks his eyes on Kilham, and then in an effort to show a little intimidation, hops forward with force, an act bear biologists call a "false charge." Kilham doesn't flinch.
Please Note: This information was accurate at the time of publication. When planning a trip, please confirm details by directly contacting any company or establishment you intend to visit.


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The Songs of Sister Act tickets at eventim.co.uk
Welcome to the profile for The Songs of Sister Act at eventim.co.uk. This page will provide news, performance and tour announcements, photo galleries and biographies. Sign up to Eventim's Ticket Alarm for The Songs of Sister Act and we will keep you up to date with all the latest news and information.
TicketAlarm – don't miss out on tickets
Register for our TicketAlarm never miss a show by your favourite artists again


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The criminal accusations spanned several states and several decades, encompassing figures from seven mob families, and led to the arrest of nearly 125 people on federal charges on Thursday.
There were murders, including a double homicide over a spilled drink in a Queens bar. There were the more run-of-the-mill activities associated with organized crime: racketeering, extortion, loan-sharking, money laundering, gambling and the like.
From The New York Times (h/t Memeorandum)
These guys apparently had some really colorful nicknames. Which got me thinking...what would be some good liberal mobster nicknames?
Michelle Obama aka "Fat-Free Candy A$$"
Eric Holder aka "Black Pantha Cracka Jacka"
Chuck Schumer aka "The Big A$$hole"
Charlie Rangel aka "The Slum-lard"
Al Sharpton aka "Reverend Clump"
Harry Reid aka "The Pink Taco Stand"
Nancy Pelosi aka "The Broomstick Jockey" "Grossie Pelosi," and "Ajar Face"
Joy Behar aka "Rude Dude" and "Mama Crass"
Janet Napolitano "The Al Qaeda Diamond" aka "Right-Wing Blame Gamer"
Al Gore aka "CFC" aka "Climate Fire Crotch"
Hillary Clinton aka "Shrill Pill"
Bill Clinton aka "Dress Messer"
Barney Frank aka "Dong Bonger"
Michael Moore aka "King Hippo," "Flabba Jaba the Hut," "Wide Shot" and "The Lens Crap"
Bill Maher aka "The Atheist Nose God"
Helen Thomas aka "Mama Maher," and "Prescription Beer Goggles"
Joe Biden aka "The Scholar," "The Brain Dust," and "Gaffey Taffy"
John Edwards aka "Johnny Crappleseed"
Barack Hussein Obama aka "Hope Dope Smoker," "Teleprompter Romper," and "The Marxman"
So, what did I miss?


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St. Edward's University Holiday Schedule and Year-end Gift Opportunity
In celebration of the Christmas and New Year holidays, St. Edward's University will be closed beginning Friday, Dec. 23 through Monday, Jan. 2. The university will reopen with a normal operating schedule on Tuesday, Jan. 3. And, if you are celebrating the season of giving and want to support the mission of St. Edward's, make your gift by Dec. 31.
Giving During the Holidays
The Mabee Challenge deadline is less than a month away — Jan. 12, 2012. St. Edward's University thanks its many generous donors who have contributed throughout the year. The financial support of dedicated alumni, parents and friends is key in helping St. Edward's meet its fundraising priorities and ensure that the hilltop experience continues to be accessible to a diverse student body. If you would like to give a gift and have it apply toward the 2011 tax year, please read this helpful information. Thank you for your commitment to St. Edward's University and for your investment in its future. Happy holidays!
While we are closed
While the university is closed for the holidays, if you have a police, fire or medical emergency, call University Police at (512) 448-8444.
If you are a member of the media requiring immediate assistance, contact University Police at (512) 448-8444. Your request will be forwarded to the administrator on duty, who will return your call.
For all other inquiries, please contact the appropriate office on Tuesday, Jan. 3.
Undergraduate and Graduate classes resume on Tuesday, Jan. 17. New College and MLA start dates vary, so students should check the online course schedule.
On behalf of the entire St. Edward's University community, we wish you a safe and happy holiday.


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Still Reading the NY Post? Shame on Yo; Depicts Obama as Runaway Slave
President Obama as a runaway slave?
Pro-Romney cartoon in New York Post might as well have been signed by the KKK Imperial Wizard
By DENNIS KING and GERALDINE PAULING
Fox News mogul Rupert Murdoch's New York tabloid published a cartoon last Wednesday that more appropriately belongs in a Ku Klux Klan rag or as a poster for Lyndon LaRouche's street-corner agitators. Sean Delonas, the longtime cartoonist for the Post, depicts an angry white man on horseback (Mitt Romney) chasing down a terrified skinny black man fleeing on foot (President Obama)—and the Romney figure is aiming an assault rifle and attached bayonet at the Obama figure's backside.
Think for a second: the target of the Romney figure and his weapon is the President of the United States, our President, our Commander in Chief. The Post apparently sees nothing wrong with displaying racial contempt and fantasies of violence against President Obama, but we suspect that if a white President—even Jimmy Carter—had been depicted in a cartoon as the target of an assault rifle/bayonet attack by his election rival, the Post's editors would have failed to see any humor in it and would have declined to publish it. The Post will laugh this off by claiming it's all just a metaphor for Romney surging (supposedly) in the polls, that the gun is shooting polling charts rather than bullets, and that the bayonet and horse are intended merely to satirize Obama's comment about horses and bayonets in the final Presidential debate between Obama and Governor Romney on Oct. 22.
Don't believe these excuses. (more…)


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Speculation regarding who is going to move clubs in January has already started to do the rounds despite the window being closed for another two months or so.
International stars will be particularly keen to move clubs if they are not getting regular football as they look to ensure they are involved in next summer's World Cup.
Here we list five Premier League stars who could leave the Premier League in January as they look to secure first-team football.


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Airing Saturday 6/2 – Sunday 6/10
In addition to many returning favorites, New Mexico PBS presents many *new shows* in conjunction with its June Pledge Drive. Some of these new specials are highlighted below. We hope you enjoy them!
For more programs, and information, please check the daily Schedule web page or refer to your copy of Ventana. All of the specials listed below air on Channel 5.1 and are in chronological order.
Saturday 6/2 at 6:00 pm
A one hour special that highlights performances culled from the critically acclaimed Jazz Icons series, a significant collection of classic concerts and studio sessions that took place throughout Europe between 1957 and 1978. The numbers showcased in this vibrant public television version feature the greatest legends of jazz, including Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington, Count Basie, Ella Fitzgerald, Dizzy Gillespie, Dave Brubeck, John Coltrane, Sarah Vaughan, Lionel Hampton, Wes Montgomery, Anita O'Day, Rhassan Roland Kirk, Buddy Rich and Thelonious Monk.
KATHY SMITH'S AGELESS ENERGY – New!
Sunday 6/3 at 9:30 am & Saturday 6/9 at 8:30 am
This special addresses and provide solutions to the "personal energy crisis" of viewers specifically in the 50+ demographic. Kathy will redefine the concept of fitness for women and men viewers, in both inspirational and practical terms. Topics discussed include Kathy's four pillars of energy, why energy is the key to staying youthful, the importance of functional fitness and strength training, and why it's never too late to get fit. Smith, who turned 60 in 2011, is an American fitness icon and a leading force in the wellness industry since 1980, a mother of two daughters, and a trusted motivator who has sold more than 16 million workout videos worldwide.
Sunday 6/3 at 2:00 – 5:00 pm
The ultimate love story continues – Andrew Lloyd Webber's spellbinding follow-up musical to the phenomenal PHANTOM OF THE OPERA. From one of musical theatre's most captivating composers, based on the book by Ben Elton, and featuring the highly acclaimed new Australian production filmed in Melbourne, this dazzling production takes audiences on a thrilling rollercoaster ride of intrigue, obsession and romance. Ben Lewis as The Phantom and Anna O'Byrne as Christine star.
Monday 6/4 at 7:00 pm
PA'S FIDDLE is an intimate evening of music and songs selected from the writings of Laura Ingalls Wilder, beloved author of the Little House on the Prairie books. This was the music that young Laura heard her Pa play on his fiddle, accompanying her family during their much celebrated adventures on America's vast prairies in the years just after the Civil War. Performances by Randy Travis, Rodney Atkins, Ronnie Milsap, Committed, Natalie Grant, Ashton Shepherd and The Roys are accompanied by an all-star Nashville band led by Grammy-winner Randy Scruggs.
Monday 6/4 at 8:30 pm
Taped before a live audience on the AUSTIN CITY LIMITS soundstage, this new PBS special showcases Chris Isaak's most beloved hits and his personal tribute to the glory days of the legendary Memphis Sun Studio and the music created by his heroes in that famous room. Isaak recaptures the spirit of the original songs with his own brilliant band of stellar musicians, while revealing the heart and soul of his own deeply rooted musical identity. Joining Isaak for this special evening is Wanda Jackson, "The Queen of Rockabilly."
QUEST: BEYOND THE STARS – New!
Wednesday 6/6 at 10:00 pm
This new production was made in collaboration with NASA and the British Museum of Science, London, featuring images from the Hubble telescope and other archival sources from NASA. Stunning images are used as a backdrop to classical pieces and songs inspired by the cosmos. The music is performed by Quest, an instrumental orchestra ensemble from Europe and features special guests Isobel Cooper (platinum-selling British Classical Cross-Over vocalist) and Scandinavian violinist, European recording artist Charlie Siem. Songs and pieces performed in the special include: "Fly Me to the Moon," "Rocket Man," "Space Oddity," the theme from "2001 Space Odyssey," Beethoven's "Ode to Joy" and other original soundtrack material.
Friday 6/8 at 9:00 pm & Sunday 6/10 at 2:00 pm
Filmed live at the Royal Festival Hall in London, during Alfie Boe's sold-out tour, the star of Les Miserables and the much loved tenor showcases his mesmerizing and outstanding voice in his very own show. Perhaps best known to PBS viewers for his recent his role as Jean Valjean in the 25th Anniversary London stage show of Les Miserables, Alfie Boe's star status continues to soar. In this special Alfie selection of uniquely inspired renditions from some of the best-loved musicals of all time including Sunset Boulevard, Company, West Side Story and Les Miserables – with Alfie performing his own emotive interpretation of "Bring Him Home" accompanied by Claude Michel Schonberg, one of the original writers of the score. Alfie is also joined on stage with Melanie C for a powerful interpretation of "Come What May" from Moulin Rouge.
Sunday 6/10 at 7:00 pm
A special New Mexico ticket offer will be available this evening! Tune in for details! Yanni's 10th PBS special continues his tradition of spectacular productions spotlighting historical world monuments. The Castillo de San Felipe del Morro, better known as El Morro, is a 16th century citadel located in San Juan, Puerto Rico. Accompanied by his world renowned 15-piece orchestra, the show will feature the first televised performance of songs from his new album Truth of Touch as well as a new orchestration of the song "Nightingale".


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Panthère de Cartier, necklace
White gold, jade, onyx, emerald, diamonds
A truly wild animal, the Panther is more than a mere symbol for Cartier. It is a timeless icon that is both predatory and elegant, restrained yet always ready to pounce. Roaming freely with emerald eyes, onyx muzzles and diamond-set coats, the creations from the Panther Collection make its mark on the world of jewelry.
18K white gold necklace pavé-set with diamonds, set with black jade, onyx spots, onyx nose and emerald eyes.
Necklace length: 65 cm. Motif height: 3 cm.
The easy way to find your nearest Cartier boutique.
Our ambassadors are available to answer any questions or assist in making a boutique appointment.
All of your on-line orders are made through an SSL connection to ensures the confidentiality and security of your personal details.


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Beneficiario di un regalo CRÉATION? Beneficiario di un forfait LYS?
"Unique in the world:Here, breakfast is a truly royal affair: it comes on a special trolley with a profusion of drawers each with an exquisite surprise nestling inside"Sandra Kobald, Maître de Maison, presents his property:
Come to the most attractive slope of the Kitzbühel Alps, and discover the refinement of Grand Chef Simon Taxacher's visionary cuisine. The art of living at his stunning Hotel Restaurant Spa Rosengarten is to be found in the pleasure of the senses. Culinary art meets chic contemporary design at this hotel with its elegantly appointed rooms and suites, Bistro Light and piano bar with smoking room, delightful spa, and cookery school where guests are initiated into the secrets of this great art. Expect to be surprised at 'R Simon Taxacher' restaurant with the chef's immaculately served ground-breaking French-Mediterranean cuisine. Here, breakfast is a truly royal affair: it comes on a special trolley with a profusion of drawers each with an exquisite surprise nestling inside . This property enjoys an ideal location at the foot of Gaisberg Mountain and is pefect for exploring the incredible beauty of the Alps and the wide range of sporting activities available in this area.
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Hi everyone
After selling out the first run of the game in less than three months last year, we are planning a reprint for 2012.
Hopefully we should have copies for http://www.dwcon.org/ in August.
The reprint will have revised rules, and a few little changes we hope you will like.
If you wish to try them out the Backspindle boys, Leonard & David, will let you do so in the Blue zone, at the UK Games Expo on Saturday 26 & Sunday 27 May.
For those of you who can't make it, and purchased the original game, copies of the revised rules will be free to download after publication of the reprint, at http://www.guardsguards.com
In addition to Guards! Guards! at the Expo, Backspindle will also have prototypes of their new simple strategy game Codinca for fans to try.
It's a fantastic event, maybe we'll see some of you there.


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Lance Armstrong
Doug Pensinger/Getty Images
News about Lance Armstrong, including commentary and archival articles published in The New York Times.
Chronology of Coverage
Mar. 18, 2015
Lance Armstrong meets with nemesis Travis Tygart, head of the United States Anti-Doping Agency, in effort to begin process of overturning his lifetime doping ban from sports. MORE
Mar. 9, 2015
Reform commission appointed by International Cycling Union finds that widespread doping was overlooked for years by ICU officials, mainly in deference to iconic rider Lance Armstrong; faults former ICU presidents Hein Verbruggen and Pat McQuaid who oversaw significant growth of organization as doping problem grew. MORE
Feb. 19, 2015
Lance Armstrong pleads guilty to careless driving and pays fine after hitting two parked cars in Aspen, Colo; girlfriend Anna Hansen had initially taken blame, but later admitted that Armstrong had been driving; other cycling news noted. MORE
Feb. 17, 2015
Juliet Macur Sports of The Times column recounts ugly and ongoing battle between disgraced cyclist Lance Armstrong and SCA Promotions, which awarded him millions of dollars for several of his Tour de France wins; latest salvo has SCA asking Texas judge to confirm arbitration panel decision and force Armstrong to pay back $10 million because he lied under oath about doping. MORE
Jul. 18, 2014
Lawyer for Lance Armstrong says his client spoke for several hours with cycling investigators about doping in the sport's past. MORE
May. 20, 2014
Lance Armstrong is ordered by a Texas arbitration panel to give sworn videotaped testimony about using performance-enhancing drugs to win the Tour de France seven times; he is being sued by a Texas company seeking the return of about $12 million in bonuses. MORE
Apr. 23, 2014
Juliet Macur Sports Of The Times column finds hypocrisy in fact that Lance Armstrong can never compete in an Olympic sport, while three of the people who helped facilitate doping in the peloton will be allowed to return to professional bicycling in eight years or less; holds that Johan Bruyneel, Pepe Marti and Pedro Celaya represent greater threat to sport's integrity than Armstrong did. MORE
Apr. 11, 2014
Juliet Macur Sports of The Times column holds that in a roundabout way, Lance Armstrong may have done something to help clean up the sport of cycling by naming names in a lawsuit about doping. MORE
Mar. 2, 2014
Excerpts from Juliet Macur's book, Cycle of Lies: The Fall of Lance Armstrong, examines his historic rise and ignoble fall, illuminating the roles of those closest to him and those involved in his clandestine doping. MORE
Feb. 11, 2014
Robert Hutchins, of Sandy, Utah, is second person sentenced for sending a threatening email to Travis Tygart, chief executive of the United States Anti-Doping Agency, over its sanctions against Lance Armstrong. MORE
Dec. 31, 2013
One of most memorable moments in professional cycling for 2013 came when Lance Armstrong confessed to Oprah Winfrey that he had been doping. MORE
Oct. 22, 2013
Juliet Macur Sports of The Times column notes that more than three dozen people are mentioned in United States Anti-Doping Agency report that exposed Lance Armstrong's lies; questions why many of the people identified as taking part in doping are still working in the sport, profiting from the doping and cheating. MORE
Sep. 13, 2013
Lance Armstrong returns his Olympic bronze medal from 2000 Summer Games in Sydney, latest fallout from his admission that he used performance-enhancing drugs; other cycling news noted. MORE
Jul. 24, 2013
Alex Gibney's film "The Armstrong Lie" includes interviews with the cyclist as well as former teammates and doctors, among others. MORE
Jul. 24, 2013
Lance Armstrong urges federal judge to dismiss Justice Department's False Claims Act lawsuit against him, arguing that Postal Service got its money's worth out of its sponsorship deal and that statute of limitations has run out. MORE
May. 29, 2013
Nike announces that it will stop manufacturing Livestrong-brand shoes and apparel at end of 2013, in the wake of Lance Armstrong's admission that he used performance-enhancing drugs, MORE
Apr. 5, 2013
Lance Armstrong, who is serving a lifetime ban from Olympic sports because of serious doping violations, is barred from events sanctioned by US Masters Swimming because the organization is overseen by swimming's international federation, which adheres to World Anti-Doping Agency rules; Armstrong received his lifetime ban and was stripped of his Tour de France titles under those rules. MORE
Mar. 2, 2013
Lance Armstrong faces two new suits in wake of his doping confession, including one filed by Acceptable Insurance Company that paid him $3 million in bonuses for his first three Tour de France victories. MORE
Feb. 23, 2013
Justice Department joins federal whistle-blower lawsuit claiming that Lance Armstrong, former team manager and company that owned his cycling team defrauded the government by engaging in covert doping scheme; team was sponsored by the United States Postal Service. MORE
Feb. 21, 2013
Lance Armstrong again refuses to meet with United States Anti-Doping Agency and give testimony under oath about the doping practices that fueled most of his career as a cyclist. MORE
Feb. 16, 2013
Many cancer survivors and fighters who got tattoos bearing name of Lance Armstrong's Livestrong organization do not regret their decision following his doping admission. MORE
Feb. 16, 2013
Cancer-fighting foundation Livestrong faces uncertain future after founder Lance Armstrong's doping admission; much of organization's revenue comes from products heavily associated with Armstrong's image, and it remains unclear whether customers will continue to purchase licensed Livestrong merchandise following his disgrace. MORE
Feb. 8, 2013
SCA Promotions, insurance company that paid Lance Armstrong millions of dollars in bonuses for winning the Tour de France, files lawsuit against Armstrong, claiming that Armstrong, his agent Bill Stapleton and Tailwind Sports, Armstrong's former management company, must repay at least $12 million because Armstrong is no longer official Tour winner; lawsuit also asserts that Armstrong had committed fraud against SCA when he said under oath that he had never used performance-enhancing drugs. MORE
Feb. 7, 2013
Lance Armstrong is in talks with the United States Anti-Doping Agency to possibly disclose who helped him dope and how he covered up his doping for nearly a decade; seeks to have his lifetime competition ban reduced to eight years. MORE
Jan. 26, 2013
World Anti-Doping Agency and UCI, cycling's world governing body, will offer professional cyclists a chance to confess past doping offenses without fear of retribution in attempt to uncover full scale of Lance Armstrong scandal and drug use in the sport. MORE
Jan. 20, 2013
Analysis; Lance Armstrong's next move is questionable that he has finally admitted to doping; antidoping officials hope Armstrong will provide details of how he evaded testing positive for more than a decade. MORE
Jan. 20, 2013
News analysis; end of Lance Armstrong's sad saga of doping and lying allows nation to turn its attention to what to do about rise of ever more potent bio-enhancers in sports. MORE
Jan. 19, 2013
News analysis; Oprah Winfrey failed to ask critical follow-up questions during confessional interview with Lance Armstrong, allowing him to evoke emotion while eliding the most vexing aspects of his deception. MORE
Jan. 19, 2013
Betsy Andreu, wife of professional cyclist Frankie Andreu, expresses deep dissatisfaction with Lance Amrstrong's doping confession during interview with Oprah Winfrey; Andreu argues that Armstrong said nothing about his extensive persecution of people like herself, who dared to speak out about his actions. MORE
Jan. 18, 2013
Analysis; Lance Armstrong admits to Oprah Winfrey that he used banned substances during his cycling career, but does not explain how he did it or who helped him. MORE
Jan. 18, 2013
Lance Armstrong, who already faces several civil lawsuits, including federal whistle-blower case filed in 2010 by his former teammate Floyd Landis, may face more legal trouble because of his doping confession. MORE
Jan. 18, 2013
Alessandra Stanley The TV Watch column says Lance Armstrong deprived viewers by expressing little emotion during his interview with Oprah Winfrey. MORE
Jan. 17, 2013
Gail Collins Op-Ed column cites possible lessons, if any, to be learned from doping scandal surrounding Lance Armstrong. MORE
Jan. 17, 2013
List of questions that would best allow Oprah Winfrey to penetrate deeply into story behind Lance Armstrong's doping during upcoming interview. MORE
Jan. 15, 2013
Lance Armstrong admits to using performance-enhancing drugs in soon-to-be aired interview with Oprah Winfrey, though it remains unclear how forthcoming he was about extent of his doping program; is said to be planning to testify against several powerful people in cycling world who knew about his doping and possibly facilitated it. MORE
Jan. 14, 2013
Fate of Lance Armstrong, who is expected to admit to using performance-enhancing drugs to Oprah Winfrey in taped interview, is again linked with that of his cancer foundation Livestrong; examination of Livestrong shows degree to which charity, Armstrong's business interests and those of his associates have been intertwined. MORE
Jan. 13, 2013
Lance Armstrong, after more than a decade of denials, is set to confess his drug use during interview with Oprah Winfrey. MORE
Jan. 6, 2013
Analysis; doping confession by Lance Armstrong could help the United States Anti-Doping Agency in other investigations and could possibly restore his eligibility. MORE
Jan. 5, 2013
Lance Armstrong is considering publicly admitting that he used banned performance-enhancing drugs and blood transfusions during his cycling career; Armstrong would be seeking to persuade antidoping officials to restore his eligibility so he can resume his athletic career. MORE
Dec. 24, 2012
Lance Armstrong is being sued for more than $1.5 million by British newspaper Sunday Times over the settlement of a libel action, which followed doping allegations against the cyclist that it published. MORE
Nov. 13, 2012
Lance Armstrong, in wake of being stripped of his seven Tour de France titles for doping, cuts all official ties with Livestrong, charity he founded 15 years ago while he was treated for testicular cancer. MORE
Nov. 11, 2012
Chuck Klosterman The Ethicist column answers question about Lance Armstrong and Livestrong charity, which he founded. MORE
Oct. 29, 2012
David Carr The Media Equation column observes small group of dedicated cycling enthusiasts, amid a conspiracy of silence about doping, took to blogs and Twitter to dispute Lance Armstrong's accomplishments. MORE
Oct. 27, 2012
Wealth Matters column; analysts say although cycling star Lance Armstrong may forfeit millions in prize money and sponsorships because of doping scandal, that is only a fraction of his fortune. MORE
Oct. 27, 2012
International Cycling Union announces that seven Tour de France titles stripped from Lance Armstrong will not be awarded to other riders, and requests that Armstrong and his teammates return their prize money. MORE
Oct. 23, 2012
International Cycling Union announces that it will not appeal United States Anti-Doping Agency's ruling to bar Lance Armstrong for life from Olympic sports for doping; decision formally strips Armstrong of seven Tour de France titles he won from 1999 to 2005. MORE
Oct. 21, 2012
Confession by cyclist Floyd Landis to Andrew Messick, director of Tour of California race, about his doping was first significant crack in wall of silence that teammates built around Lance Armstrong; Landis's statement set in motion a series of events that led to revelation that Armstrong and his United States Postal Service team had engaged in what antidoping officials describe as most sophisticated doping program in history. MORE
Oct. 18, 2012
Successful doping case four years ago against former cyclist Kayle Leogrande grew into the investigation that culminated in Lance Armstrong's lifetime ban from the sport; though Leogrande had no firsthand knowledge of Armstrong's doping, his confession provided the initial thread that lead investigators to others who did. MORE
Oct. 18, 2012
Lance Armstrong announces he is stepping down as chairman of Livestrong, his cancer foundation, and Nike, sports brand most closely associated with his racing days, is among several companies severing ties with him. MORE
Oct. 17, 2012
Cyclist Levi Leipheimer is fired by Omega Pharma-Quick Step team after confessing to doping. MORE
There are no additional abstracts to display.
A Ruling Against Lance Armstrong
A federal judge ruled that Armstrong's girlfriend can be questioned under oath about what she knows of his doping past.
July 3, 2015, Friday
MORE ON LANCE ARMSTRONG AND: Doping (Sports) , Bicycles and Bicycling , Armstrong, Lance , Landis, Floyd
U.S. Cyclists Fight to Spread Their Message: We're Clean
Andrew Talansky and Tejay van Garderen have made riding clean their rallying cry in an attempt to change the image of their battered sport.
June 26, 2015, Friday
MORE ON LANCE ARMSTRONG AND: Cycling, Road , International Cycling Union , Tour de France (Bicycle Race) , Armstrong, Lance , Doping (Sports)
Lance Armstrong Is Said to Meet With Usada Chief in Bid to Cut Ban
Armstrong told friends that his conversation with the head of the United States Anti-Doping Agency, a longtime nemesis, went well and that he was hopeful of further talks.
March 18, 2015, Wednesday
MORE ON LANCE ARMSTRONG AND: Armstrong, Lance , Bicycles and Bicycling , Doping (Sports) , United States Anti-Doping Agency , Tygart, Travis , Cycling, Road
Report Says Doping Was Ignored to Shield Armstrong
A 227-page report sharply criticized the International Cycling Union, saying it had sought to preserve the reputation of the sport and Lance Armstrong, who later confessed to doping.
March 9, 2015, Monday
MORE ON LANCE ARMSTRONG AND: Bicycles and Bicycling , Doping (Sports) , Armstrong, Lance , International Cycling Union , Verbruggen, Hein , McQuaid, Pat , Tour de France (Bicycle Race) , Steroids
Guilty Plea in Lance Armstrong Traffic Case
Armstrong pleaded guilty to careless driving for hitting two parked cars with his sport utility vehicle in December in Aspen, Colo., a prosecutor said.
February 19, 2015, Thursday
MORE ON LANCE ARMSTRONG AND: Bicycles and Bicycling , Armstrong, Lance , Drunken and Reckless Driving , Aspen (Colo)
Lance Armstrong Loses $10 Million Arbitration Ruling
Lance Armstrong must return $10 million to SCA Promotions, which paid him bonuses during his cycling career, in which he won seven Tour de France titles.
February 17, 2015, Tuesday
MORE ON LANCE ARMSTRONG AND: Bicycles and Bicycling , SCA Promotions , Armstrong, Lance , Hamman, Bob
Lance Armstrong's Ugly Detour From Road to Redemption
Armstrong's blueprint to win back public trust — by admitting his wrongs and showing contrition — didn't last long.
February 17, 2015, Tuesday
MORE ON LANCE ARMSTRONG AND: Bicycles and Bicycling , Armstrong, Lance , Doping (Sports) , SCA Promotions , Perjury , Suits and Litigation (Civil) , Hamman, Bob
Executive's Ride Into Sunset Signals Brighter Day for U.S.A. Cycling
Steve Johnson, the president and chief executive during the rampant doping of the Lance Armstrong era, will leave after the world championships next fall.
December 17, 2014, Wednesday
MORE ON LANCE ARMSTRONG AND: Bicycles and Bicycling , Johnson, Steve (1950- ) , Doping (Sports) , Armstrong, Lance , USA Cycling
Armstrong Spoke to Investigators
Lance Armstrong talked for several hours with cycling investigators about doping in the sport's past, said Elliot R. Peters, a lawyer for Armstrong.
July 18, 2014, Friday
MORE ON LANCE ARMSTRONG AND: Bicycles and Bicycling , Tour de France (Bicycle Race) , Doping (Sports) , Armstrong, Lance
Armstrong Is Told to Testify
Lance Armstrong was ordered by a Texas arbitration panel to give sworn videotaped testimony next month about using performance-enhancing drugs to win the Tour de France seven times.
May 20, 2014, Tuesday
MORE ON LANCE ARMSTRONG AND: Texas , Doping (Sports) , Bicycles and Bicycling , Armstrong, Lance
Top Finishers of the Tour de France Tainted by Doping
More than a third of the top finishers of the Tour de France have admitted to using performance-enhancing drugs in their careers or have been officially linked to doping.
Rss Feeds On Lance Armstrong
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A little something I had been doing over the past 5 hours or so…
nice job sweetleaf—especially in only 5hrs!
Thankyou ^_^
Sooo… 4 hours more work, and… Magical orb thing ^_^
Very nice Sweetleaf, I especially like the crown.
A3DLover - I really like your tank
My DAZ Gallery
Erm! Isn't that a armoured car ?
Cheers, Fanners.
RedSquare - 25 October 2012 06:58 PMErm! Isn't that a armoured car ?
You are probably right, I was in the Engineers so we ran every where rather having such luxuries
Renaissance Lute made in Hex and render in PP 2012.
Renderosity. http://www.renderosity.com/mod/bcs/index.php?vendor=29771
Rendo Freebies. http://www.renderosity.com/mod/freestuff/index.php?username=ghostman
RDNA http://www.runtimedna.com/Ghostman/
@sweetleaf thats impressive
@Ghostman pretty awesome
@John&Redsquare;: Yeah was going apc there desert style.
It does have a split rear door that swings down and up.
Heres a new wip, needs a few more fins and guns and missiles
Ghostman - 26 October 2012 01:42 PMRenaissance Lute made in Hex and render in PP 2012.
Ottimo "Gost".
Molto ben curato.
Se hai tempo e voglia prova a migliorare il render.
If you have time and want to try to improve the render.
I'm sorry if I use the answer to attach baroque oboe.
"Il principio della scienza della pittura è il punto, il secondo è la linea, il terzo è la superficie, il quarto è il corpo che si veste di tal superficie"
Leonardo da Vinci
A3DLover - 26 October 2012 08:38 PM@sweetleaf thats impressive
@Ghostman pretty awesome
@John&Redsquare;: Yeah was going apc there desert style.
It does have a split rear door that swings down and up.
Heres a new wip, needs a few more fins and guns and missiles
W.I.P. interessante…....
I'm very impressed with every ones modeling, especially A3Dlover who seems to have a wicked imagination, I wish I could come up with ideas like that.
Thank you all for posting your WIPs & renders, its nice to see what fellow Hex'ers are doing
Lurking around I've just found this forum : I didn't knew that Hex was still alive !
Here are some stuff I've made quite some time ago:
All modeling HEX as you can see in the screencap of the car during the modeling
That is some seriously good modelling and rendering there:)
What are modelling in now?
My ShareCG freebies http://www.sharecg.com/roygee
Nothing anymore. I've completely gave up : too much time spend on that as a hobbyist.
But I had a lot of fun with Hex 1 and 2 : this is really a great tool.
This is why I'm sharing one of my work just to show an humble example of what I made. There are better stuff on the place for sure:)
Such a pity - quality of work like that, you could be a pro!


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I get what you mean. I just recently got a Mac and one of the things I really like about it so far is how swiping your finger across the "Magic Mouse" while in a browser it does a nice gradual transition left/right for the back/forward. All it is is an effect, but it makes it feel much more seamless like turning the pages of a book or something. Daft really...
Looking at Windows 8 on touch, for example. MS has instituted this very thing. On a web page you swipe one way or the other to go backward and forward on the page. This, to me, is brilliant even though the back button is still there. That's more of a weaning process I suppose. But, looking at the page dhan referenced, the first thing I thought about when reading was "flow". And sure enough, the author mentions flow of the eye is better when reading left to right or right to left in some Asian cultures. Either way, it's horizontal and not vertical.
I don't think Metro is doomed beyond all hope as others do, but it needs some serious thinking with regards to business and productivity. That so far Office and the Dynamics program on the frontpage a few days ago use the desktop for the productivity side speaks volumes about the current implementation of Metro. Thing is, I can think of ways that Metro could be made much more seamless, coherent and productivity friendly than just shoving all the useful stuff on the desktop. For a start, do these things as a separate "desktop configuration" for a more productive user. But it is daft things like adding a lightbox style close button in the corner and other button equivalents for gestures (which are just horrible IMO - the window shaking thing in Win 7 is probably the most awkward thing I try to do with a mouse), a universal and always visible task switcher (like some of the ideas posted already), ability to "snap" up to 4 windows, backwards compatibility via forced full screen, putting certain options in more logical places, etc.... all tiny things that could go a long way to making it more productivity friendly.
This is where I don't get Microsoft - they obviously "get" that programs like Office have to be used differently to consumption apps and therefore need something more desktop like (although I'd prefer it to be implemented better) otherwise we'd have a fully Metro Office. One of the paradigms of Metro is that everything is context appropriate and designed according to task if I remember correctly. So why in the same breath do they try to force the same UI over everything like some quick copy paste job? They did it with the ribbon. It was great for Office and as a result a natural fit for Wordpad. But for example, it has made Paint far harder to use.
No single UI works in every situation and it is something Microsoft desperately needs to pay more attention to. I get the impression that some there do get this but then other departments go all "ooo shiny" at any new UI that comes along and starts slapping it on everything they make.


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Myths, Controversies and Realties
There is a wealth of research available today on the effect of diet and nutrition on physical health. In general, it is believed that a balance of healthful foods combined with regular physical activity decreases life-long cancer risk as well as contributes to overall good health. After a diagnosis of cancer, some people experience weight gain, while others are unable to stop losing weight. It is important for all cancer patients to maintain a healthy weight by staying active and balancing energy needs with a healthful diet. Your doctor can refer you to an experienced nutritionist who is part of your overall health care team. Below is a typical meal plan for someone who is battling cancer.
Plant Power
No one knows exactly which combination of vitamins and nutrients is most effective at reducing cancer risk, but we do know that nutritional supplements don't offer the same protection as real fruits, vegetables and whole grains.
These foods are loaded with cancer fighting nutrients and antioxidants and should form the base of every meal.
Step it Up
Many people aren't aware of how important exercise is for cancer patients. Staying active during treatment can make a huge difference in overall wellbeing and self-confidence, and can reduce insomnia. Physical activity doesn't have to be strenuous to be beneficial. A morning walk, some gardening and an evening walk are just as valuable as a workout at the gym and easily attainable.
Some evidence suggests that alcohol consumption raises the risk of breast cancer in susceptible women. What is also known, however, is that a small amount (one drink for a woman and two for a man) of alcohol, particularly red wine, may be protective against heart disease. Some advocates suggest that the benefits may outweigh the risk. The American Cancer Society advises people to limit consumption, and if you or your family have a history of breast cancer, to avoid alcohol altogether.


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Moderators: Tonyblack, Jason, Toothy
Hyde: (dramatic flourish) Gentlemen! If any harm should come to Mrs Jackman I will kill all of you one by one! And I shall take my tiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiime!
Barman: You were in here before, weren't you?
Hyde: Yeah!
Barman: Yeah... I'm surprised you can remember it.
Hyde: My liver applied for a transplant. This time, let's not give it the chance.
[Hyde walks in carrying a sack containing Browning's beaten remains]
Nurse: What's that?
Hyde: Entirely up to you of course, but I'd say... [He drops the sack, which groans] ...the front of the queue!
[Jackman picks up a CD]
Tom: [Reading aloud] "The Lion King and other Disney Favourites".
Katherine: [Takes the cd] Oh, that's his, I should put it away...
Tom: He has Disney favourites?
Katherine: He likes the songs.
Tom: My dark side likes Mary Poppins, no wonder I was bullied at school.
Turtles4Ever wrote:In a way I'm pleased that there wasn't a second series after seeing the utter mess that he has made of Dr Who in the past couple of years (his first series was mostly good or very good, but not so any more).
spideyGirl wrote:Ah nev mind then, cheers Bouncy, I'll wait for repeats, don't bother that much with DVD's tbh
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Wireless Solution AB - It is about trendsetters, not followers
Established 2003, Wireless Solution offers the award winning W-DMX product line, the un-official standard for dependable lighting control through wireless data transmission.
Our G4 range of Transceivers, Recievers and Repeaters carry products for all needs, ProBox All-in-one 19"-rack, BlackBox series for flexible Indoor W-DMX, WhiteBox IP65 outdoor and Micro F-1 our must compact W-DMX yet. BlueBox RDM Controller - The first ever inteligent PC-based DMX and RDM controller allowing automatic control and configuration of RDM enabled units.
Our OEM program has today 35 high-end brands and our W-DMX is being installed into products for Entertainment lighting, Event lighting and Architectural lighting.
2011 is not only the year of launch of our G4 range - we could also proudly announce that we now shipped over 100.000 units.


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Tales of the Cocktail® 2015
- Food & Drink
- 214 Royal Street, New Orleans, New Orleans, 70130
April Parenting Power with Dr. Arnold James
Saturday, April 6, 2013 from 10:00 AM to 12:00 PM (CDT)
The Effective Black Parenting Series is designed to meet the needs of African-American families. Start with what you know ... and develop the skills you need to ensure the growth and success of your children. The series, led by Arnold James, Ph.D., delivers dynamic and participatory sessions every 1st Saturday of the month.
Arnold H. James, Ph.D. is a well-respected clinical psychologist whose insight on the conditions which impact the African-American family have made him a highly sought-after guest lecturer and practitioner in New Orleans. Dr. James received his Doctorate of Philosophy in Clinical Psychology from the University of South Carolina where he also earned his Master's of Public Health degree and completed his undergraduate studies in psychology. He currently serves as an assistant professor of psychology at the Tulane School of Medicine's Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Studies. He is a psychologist in Southeast Louisiana Hospital's acute unit.
Dr. James research includes the mental health effects experienced by children with incarcerated parents; the relationship between anger and essential hypertension in African-American women; and the success of psychosocial treatment of cocaine dependence in African-American men.
Join millions of people on Eventbrite.
In order to purchase these tickets in installments, you'll need an Eventbrite account. Log in or sign up for a free account to continue.


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The easy way to find your nearest Cartier boutique.
Read More
This collection is named after the Panthère jewels, Cartier's icon. The creature inspires the precious and supple movements of the chain that adorns the neck or wrist with sensuality.
18K white gold earrings with paved diamonds, pierced ears.
The easy way to find your nearest Cartier boutique.
Our ambassadors are available to answer any questions or assist in making a boutique appointment.
All of your on-line orders are made through an SSL connection to ensures the confidentiality and security of your personal details.


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Thursday, March 12, 2009
Day 45: Slow Cooker Thai Chicken and Noodles
6 Comments:
Oh I'm SOOO excited to try this one! I LOVE thai food! Yay! :)ReplyDelete
This looks delish.ReplyDelete
I am trying this RIGHT NOw! My hubby is going to die...(of joy)...I hope it turns out good.ReplyDelete
We had this for dinner last night and both LOVED it! Thanks for the great recipes! Brick requested a slow cooker curry so if you have any ideas, send them my way!! ;)ReplyDelete
LOVED IT! I am going to eat the leftovers tonight! I've never cooked anything this tasty! I've never tried a recipe like this-I usually stick to "meat & potatoes". I didn't add the lime. mmm. really. my hubby thought it was okay, but I can't wait to eat it again! sorry. big fan of it. I loved trying new Ingredients and seeing how they tasted cooking them together.ReplyDelete
Made this last night and we LOVED LOVED LOVED it! Thanks so much!!ReplyDelete


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poohcarrot wrote:Tina a.k.a.SusanSto.Helit wrote:I have MISSED you.
Thank you for being YOU.
You obviously need more practice on the shooting range.
I don't understand that second bit.
Too True, but I try to stay away from firearms, altogether too handy.
and well, Just think of it as Stockholm Syndrome or something vaguely similar. ... hmm I think you remind me of my father... AAAAACK!!!


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Proto Tool J6066C Ratchet Head Micrometer Torque Wrench 200-1000
Proto Tool J6066C 3/8"dr Ratchet Head Micrometer Torque Wrench 200-1000
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- See our Proto Tool Ratcheting Head Micrometer Torque Wrenches - IN-LBS
Overall Rating for Proto Tool J6066C Ratchet Head Micrometer Torque Wrench 200-1000
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Benson Henderson won the UFC lightweight title against Frankie Edgar in 2012 and has since successfully defended the title three times. Two of those title defenses he won via split decision, and at least according to Anthony Pettis, he won by manipulating the rules:
"I'm sure he's expecting a five-round fight," Pettis said. "He's the champ, and he knows he needs to win five rounds to keep that belt. GSP does it the same way. These guys are intelligent fighters, and they know they have to win the rounds to keep their belt. I'm expecting him to do what he's been doing. He's going to come out, do just enough to win the rounds, and keep his belt. That's his game plan, and that's never my game plan. I'm always looking to finish."
"I'm not a fan of that style," Pettis said. "I wouldn't even try doing that. That's just manipulating the rules of the game to keep your title. If you're truly the best, I mean, look at Anderson Silva. He got knocked out in his last fight, but I think he's truly the best because he's finished some top guys, and he does it impressively. He's not trying to grind it out and stay on top of you to win the rounds. He's out there fighting fights. That's what I respect, and that's who I want to be."


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I've just installed Windows 8.
It took me a while getting used to it but now I'm encountering a major problem.
There is no sound in most Metro UI Apps.
However, when I first installed Windows 8 these apps were working properly.
I searched google and it seems it is a common issue but I haven't found any solution
Can somebody help me on this?
Metro Apps installed: Google Search Skype tunein ebay wikipedia Metro Apps uninstalled: Finance News Sports Desktop Apps installed: μTorrent 7-Zip Adobe Shockwave Player AMD Catalyst Google Chrome Intel SSD Toolbox Logitech Setpoin Mozilla Firefox Media Player Classic Home Cinema Enabled Windows Feautures: Hyper-V System Specs: CPU: Intel i7 920 RAM: 3x2GB OCZ Core i7 Edition 8-8-8-24 M/B: MSI X58A-GD65 Graphics Card: Sapphire HD4870 1GB SSD: Intel M-25 80GB HDD: 2x1TB RAID0 Western Digital Caviar Black Sound Card: Auzentech Hometheater HD 7.1
Note: I haven't installed any drivers for the sound cards.
At first I thought something was messed up in the previous Windows 8 installation with the drivers of Auzentech which they do not support Windows 8 and I did a format. The Metro UI apps worked fine with the new clean installation without drivers.
Also Metro Music, Video work fine.


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Nice urling Del!
Not a zombie in sight too!
Moderators: Tonyblack, Jason, Toothy
Thanks Del! I'll be sure to remember that.deldaisy wrote::D
Don't be shy Tony... any time you need help just PM me... only too willing to help out.
Anyway..... don't you all mean....
Where's MIRANDA?
I am STILL SO chuffed I can do this linky thing!
There's a whole series of these on YouTube, but that one was very good.mspanners wrote:This YouYube link has a well know dictator trying to locate the pest, be warned the link has some foul language in it (subtitled as its in German) so if you are easily offended please ignore this link...
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Join Nebraska Coach Tim Miles at the Coaches vs. Cancer Hoops for Hope Benefit on Thursday, May 9, or the annual Men's Basketball Golf Tournament on Thursday, May 16. For more information, click on the links below.
Coaches vs. Cancer Hoops for Hope BenefitThursday, May 9, 6-9 p.m.Champions Run, Omaha, Neb. $125/person (adult over 35) | $75/person (young professional 35 and under)A portion of each ticket is tax-deductibleClick here for more information
This reception will feature Coach Tim Miles along with University of Nebraska-Omaha head coach Derrin Hansen and Creighton University head coach Greg McDermott. Enjoy cocktails and appetizers, exciting auctions, and the chance to hear from Coach Miles as these three coaches join up for a can't-miss event to benefit the Coaches vs. Cancer program sponsored by the National Association of Basketball Coaches (NABC). Learn more or purchase your tickets at www.omahahoopsforhope.org.
Nebraska Men's Basketball Golf TournamentThursday, May 16, 10 a.m. shotgun startFirethorn Golf Club, Lincoln, Neb. $200/golfer | $800/foursome Click here for more information


text: News Analysis Torture Issues Likely To Linger April 30, 2009 The release of so-called torture memos and the political aftermath suggest that the issue won't go away anytime soon, says NPR Senior News Analyst Daniel Schorr. Rather, it will continue to demand the Obama administration's attention despite the president's expressed desire to look forward rather than backward. Listen Loading… 2:59 Playlist Download Embed Embed Close embed modal <iframe src="http://www.npr.org/player/embed/103673545/103675969" width="100%" height="290" frameborder="0" scrolling="no">


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Greenpeace filed a lawsuit against two major chemical companies, their PR firms and several individuals for activities that amount to corporate espionage. Chemical companies Dow Chemical and Sasol (formerly CONDEA Vista), through the PR firms Dezenhall Resources (Nichols Dezenhall at the time) and Ketchum, hired private investigators from the firm Beckett Brown International (BBI) to spy on Greenpeace from 1998 to 2000.
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