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[Krabi hotels]
[Pavilion Queens Bay ]
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Pavilion Queens Bay
56/3 Tambol Ao Nang,
Muang, Krabi 81000
Ao Nang, Nopparattara Bay
Hotel Kategorie:
6 Kundenbewertungen :
Zimmer :
Einrichtungen :
Service :
Standort :
Das Pavilion Queens Bay liegt in Ao Nang mit atemberaubenden Felsformationen und dem unberührten Dschungel von Nopparattara Bay, Provinz Krabi. Man braucht normalerweise 30 Minuten mit dem Auto vom internationalen Flughafen Krabi zum Hotel. 106 Gästezimmer sind mit Seide und thailändischen Artefakten dekoriert. Die Zimmer bieten einen herrlichen Blick auf das Meer von Andaman und verfügen über sehr große Balkone mit Schaukelbetten. Alle Zimmer und Suiten verfügen über die übliche, moderne Ausstattung; Satellitenfernsehen, Radio, zimmereigenen Safe, Minibar, Direktwahltelefon, Kaffee- und Teezubereitungsmöglichkeiten, Zimmerservice, Wäscheservice und chemische Reinigung. Vier verschiedene Arten von Restaurants inklusive Bar, die sich an einem besonderen Ort befinden, bieten die überwältigendste Aussicht auf Ao Nang Beach. Einrichtungen, die das Hotel anbietet, sind Montra Spa, Schwimmbad, Fitnessraum, Businesscenter, Toureninformationsschalter, usw.
Hotel Überblick
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Travel reviews for Pavilion Queens Bay
Date of stay:
Feb 27, 2015
Accommodation and facilities:
Very worn and dated, needs renovation badly. CustGetting ready to go to dinner with Pammy and friend. Do I dare want to know about last night??? Will I be fired before I my resignation date? If Lucy could only talk.....customer service was good. Breakfast was Asian focused, fine with me, good choices.
Reservation service:
Process for making payment is confusing....that needs to be addressed.
Mar 02, 2015
written by:
Gregory Jan McBride
Date of stay:
Feb 29, 2012
Accommodation and facilities:
Had a wonderful stay here. Large comfortable bed. Great seaview from the top floor restaurant with good breakfast buffet. The outside could do with a lick of paint here and there but overall a good hotel.
Reservation service:
Easy to use booking service
Mar 05, 2012
written by:
Daniel Cope
Date of stay:
Feb 04, 2012
Accommodation and facilities:
Big clean rooms,great views from our balcony.Good value for money.The hotel is looking quite tired and is overdue some renovations.The pools are very clean and the water was lovely and cool,very refreshing.The food in the restaurant was fantastic.All the staff were very helpful and friendly,especially the restaurant staff,they made us feel very welcome and made our stay very enjoyable,a big hello and thank you to them all.Location was great,only a five minute walk and your in the middle of all the shops and restaurants.
Reservation service:
Fast and efficient as always.
Feb 07, 2012
written by:
Shannon Holding
Date of stay:
Feb 04, 2012
Accommodation and facilities:
The Hotel is way off the beach but 10 min walk to shopping street. Far away from being a five or four star hotel regards to freshness and service. Our room weren t cleaned for instance. The hotel felt and looked old not refurbished since it was built 15 y ago.
Reservation service:
Feb 08, 2012
written by:
Henric Bundy & Åsa Nyberg
Date of stay:
Nov 17, 2011
Accommodation and facilities:
This is quite a nice hotel. But it lacks few amenity (e.g., safety box, hair dryer, coffer and boiler). Otherwise, it could be like a luxurious hotel. The room is great. But it s a bit old. It is in Ao Nang area. But we have to walk like 15 mins to get to the beach. The hotel has free transportation but it leaves quite infreqently. So we walked for most of the time. The swimming pool is very nice, but we did not get to use it because we are outside everyday.
Reservation service:
Nov 20, 2011
written by:
Teerawat Issariyakul
Date of stay:
May 09, 2010
Accommodation and facilities:
I stayed in the Pavilion 8 years ago when the hotel was only 2 years open. My comments from my last stay are more directed at the work that needs to be done on the outside of the building itself and to tidy up the facility s around the pool (more sunbeds needed plus some new ones to replace the broken ones) that are still around the pool. Also the need to clean/repair and paint the outside of the building so as it leaves a good impression of the hotel when you are viewing it from the pool. Constructive Critisism: The rooms are still as good, but the wooden areas need a good coat of varnish. The whole outside look of the hotel needs a good facelift or even a good clean and a coat of paint. Pool area needs to be smartened up with either new sun beds or at least the old ones painted or re-varnished. Really need some new towels for the pool area, every one we got was well worn and the edges frayed. The ambiance inside the hotel is still as good and the relaxation areas on floor 3/4/5 & 6 still have a good feel to them. No real need for the pool table or football table on the the floor. To me the difference from my 1st stay to this one is that the outside of the hotel in particular looks very tired and takes away from the rest of the experience in staying in the hotel and is really taking the standard of the hotel down to 3/3.5 instead of 4 or more. The 3 tier pool is still one of the best of any hotel that I have ever stayed in, and when you forget of what the outside of the hotel looks like and look into the inside of the hotel from the pool, it is really a shame, as I find the Pavilion a really good hotel to stay in. It looks even better at night when the lights are on and look from the same view. The staff on both of my visits have been really good. From the room cleaning staff, the service staff for breakfast and the reception staff, I found there understanding of English very good and especially the staff at breakfast who remembered little requests from the 1st day that we asked for and never ever had to ask again for the same thing again, it was always asked if we still required what we asked for the 1st day. It may have been a minor item, but it is a good sign of staff training that the people remembered. All in all I would have no problems with staying at the Pavilion again, but I just hope that this hotel is not allowed to be let go and looses custom for the sake of its cosmetic appearances. As we all 1st impressions always stay in peoples minds, but the view of the outside of the building takes away a lot of the charm that the hotel has.
Reservation service:
Booking service was perfect as ever
May 12, 2010
written by:
Stephen Richard Payne
Datum der Anreise:
Jul. 2015
Aug. 2015
Sep. 2015
Okt. 2015
Nov. 2015
Dez. 2015
Jan. 2016
Feb. 2016
Mar. 2016
Apr. 2016
Mai 2016
Jun. 2016
Datum der Abreise:
Jul. 2015
Aug. 2015
Sep. 2015
Okt. 2015
Nov. 2015
Dez. 2015
Jan. 2016
Feb. 2016
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Apr. 2016
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Jun. 2016
Kinder 5-11 Jahre
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Pavilion Queens Bay
Ao Nang, Nopparattara Bay
0.0 km
25 €
Cha Wan Resort
Ao Nang, Nopparattara Bay
0.1 km
31 €
Aonang Nagapura Resort & Spa
Ao Nang Beach
0.2 km
33 €
Deevana Plaza Krabi - Aonang
Ao Nang
0.3 km
44 €
Ananta Burin Resort
Ao Nang, Nopparattara
0.3 km
32 €
Centara Anda Dhevi Resort & Spa
Ao Nang
0.3 km
41 €
Aonang Viva Resort
Ao Nang
0.3 km
25 €
Krabi La Playa Resort
Ao Nang, Nopparattara Bay
0.3 km
40 €
Buri Tara Resort
Ao Nang, Nopparattara Beach
0.3 km
26 €
The Small Krabi
Ao Nang
0.4 km
40 €
Srisuksant Resort
Ao Nang, Nopparattara Beach
0.5 km
32 €
Aonang Sunset Hotel
Ao Nang
0.6 km
22 €
Krabi Resort
Ao Nang Beach
0.7 km
49 €
The L Resort Krabi
Ao Nang Beach
0.8 km
114 €
Krabi Cha Da Resort
Ao Nang
1.1 km
34 €
Aonang Cliff Beach Resort
Ao Nang
1.1 km
42 €
Aonang Orchid Resort
Ao Nang
1.2 km
33 €
Aonang Villa Resort
Ao Nang Beach
1.3 km
59 €
Golden Beach Resort
Ao Nang Beach
1.4 km
33 €
Peace Laguna Resort
Ao Nang
1.4 km
39 €
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Zimmer Verfügbarkeit:
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bis Mar. 31, 2016
heutiger Preis
Superior Room - Room Only
ohne Frühstück
seasonal rate
26 - 104 €
54 €
Superior Room - Room Only
ohne Frühstück
Super Save Promotion
26 - 104 €
26 €
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mit Frühstück
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Deluxe Room - Room Only
ohne Frühstück
seasonal rate
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Deluxe Room - Room Only
ohne Frühstück
Super Save Promotion
37 - 127 €
37 €
Deluxe Room
mit Frühstück
seasonal rate
41 - 136 €
91 €
Deluxe Room
mit Frühstück
Super Save Promotion
41 - 136 €
41 €
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Die Preise sind vorbehaltlich Hotel Servicegebühr und Steuern
(bewegen Sie die Maus über den Preis für Details über die Steuern)
Child policy:
Children 5-11 years old sharing with parents (without extrabed): compulsory breakfast charged at 200 Baht per day.
Super Save Promotion :
Special rates per room.
Thailand grand sale :
Special rates per room.
Thailand grand sale :
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Hotel Bilder
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Pavilion Queen's Bay
is a luxurious deluxe resort perched high atop a hill that overlooks the white sands of beautiful Ao Nang Beach and the breathtaking rock formations and pristine jungle of Noppharat Thara Beach National Park. It is easily accessible, just 30 minutes from the airport by car, yet still secluded. Built in a style inspired by palatial Thai architecture, Pavilion Queen's Bay is a superb display of marbled lobby, multi-leveled pools and rooms with rich interiors that enables you to experience the Andaman Sea in the most unique fashion.
Destination... The province of Krabi
, in southern Thailand's Andaman Sea, is the quintessential tropical paradise and only an hour flight from Bangkok. This once little-known province on the west coast of Thailand is now known internationally for having some of the most stunningly beautiful beaches in the world. There are over a hundred large and small islands that juristically belong to the province, including the famous Phi Phi Islands. Most of these islands are uninhabitable, thus Ao Nang on the mainland provide a convenient and comfortable base for visitors who aim to explore these islands during the day.
is also blessed with a plethora of other natural wonders for the such as waterfalls, caves, fossil grounds and hot springs. Additional attractions in the province are stunning limestone cliffs and rock formations which make it a heaven for rock climbers. For the active traveler, there are a host of nearby sea excursions, scuba divingand snorkeling trips that can be easily arranged.
All 106 rooms
at Pavilion Queen's Bay are decorated in silk and Thai artifacts. The majority of the rooms provide a fabulous view of the Andaman sea and feature very large balconies with swing beds.
:: Superior Room (50 sq.m.) ::
No balcony.
:: Deluxe Room (66 sq.m.) ::
With private balcony & swing chair.
Montientong Restaurant:
Located on the top level of the hotel, Montientong Restaurant offers the most stunning view of the bay in Ao Nang. This main restaurant, with both indoor and outdoor areas, serves breakfast, lunch and dinner featuring international and Thai cuisine.
Otohime Japanese Restaurant:
The only Japanese restaurant in Ao Nang serves a variety of the freshest sushi, hot -la-carte dishes, and also has a Teppanyaki corner for sizzling tableside action. (Opening during High and Peak Season 01 Nov - 15 Apr).
Sunset Pool Bar:
Enjoy refreshing drinks and exotic cocktails while relaxing at the pool. Like its name suggests, the view of the sunset with limestone cliffs background is especially striking from this pool side bar.
Montra Spa:
Unwind and rejuvenate at Montra Spa, Pavilion Queen's Bay on-site full service spa. Let our trained therapists guide you to utter relaxation with an outdoor massage after coming back from your day trip in the ocean. Or spend a romantic afternoon with your loved one with a special spa package for two, which ends with a petal-filled candle-lit Jacuzzi bath. Various types of massages, body scrubs, facials and other treatments are available for your indulgence.
Swimming Pool:
Pavilion Queen's Bay offers a gorgeous 3 leveled swimming pool that has a view over Ao Nang Bay and Noppharat Thara Beach National Park. Children's pool is at the bottom level; and a pool bar is also available to serve you cold revitalizing drinks on a bright sunny day, or in the restful early evening before you wind down.
Fitness Room:
The fitness room is fully equipped with cardio machines, weight machines, free weights and a satellite television with remote control. It is for hotel guests free use and is located on the first floor. There is also an activity room adjacent to the fitness room. Please check with front desk staff for the activities on schedule.
Business Centre:
The business centre is located next to the lobby area on the third floor. Desktop computers, a printer and broadband internet is available for guests use.
Tour Information Desk:
We can help you arrange various kinds of day-trips and excursions while staying with us. Ask our knowledgeable staff about all the must-see islands to go to around the region, arrange a day on a private speed boat with a driver who can take you to the best snorkeling spot. Or had enough of beaches for a day? Why not let us help you organize a safari day-trip, or an afternoon kayaking through caves in a tropical lagoon? We can also sort out car rentals, ferry tickets, rock climbing or scuba diving classes for you. The possibilities are numerous in a place with so much to do and see.
Limestone Beach Club:
Located in the centre of Noppharat Tara Beach. Its take approximately 1 kilometer from the hotel free shuttle. Offer Food, Drinks, Internet, Beach & Game facilities etc.
Meeting Rooms and Banquet Facilities:
Pavilion Queen's Bay provides state-of-the-art business facilities. Two meeting rooms and a convention hall with full audio-visual equipment are available should you need to arrange for them to be used. Please see the Business page for more details.
:: Other Facilities and Services ::
Airport transfers
Daily newspaper
Flower service
Car rental (Jeep or car with/without driver)
Facsimile service
Currency exchange
Internet & Email service
Laundry & Dry Cleaning
Medical service on call
Taxi service
Photo processing
Shops, Stamps & mail service
On-site Tailor's
Wireless internet in lobby and pool areas
Baby cots
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[Krabi hotels]
[Pavilion Queens Bay ]
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by Susan P. Joyce, career expert, Work Coach Cafe
I hear from many "older" job seekers these days who are frustrated with today's job search process. They are convinced that their "advanced age" (30, 40, 50, 60, or more) is causing them problems. I think they could be right, but NOT, perhaps, for the reason they think…
Although I do not doubt that age discrimination exists, I know that other things could be negatively impacting these people. It basically comes down to looking – and being – out of date, using old-fashioned job search techniques.
If you are over 40 or it has been more than 3 years since your last job hunt, you are probably unaware of how much recruiting and hiring practices have changed recentlly, particularly with the growth of social media and also with the tough job market we have been experiencing.
The 5 New Rules of Job Search
Regardless of age, being out-of-date is a very common problem and not, fortunately, an insurmountable one. Here are some things you can do to address the issue, and become more up-to-date for your job search and your job.
1. Focus!
One of today's "problems" is too many opportunities! Studies have shown that we humans are almost paralyzed when we have too many choices – which TV show to watch (when you have hundreds of channels), which coffee to order (when it comes in dozens of variations), and on, and on, and on…
Going to a job board and entering only the location is asking for over-load. Waaayyy too many choices! I just typed "Chicago" into Indeed, and it showed me 57,000+ jobs! Yikes!
To make your job search more effective, focus on 1 or 2 job titles you really want and the employers you would like to work for.
2. Bring Your "A" Game!
The way you handle this whole process of applying and interviewing for a job is viewed as an example of your work – which it is!
Use great care with all of your interactions with an employer or recruiter. Take the time to craft your best response rather than hurriedly attaching your resume to a one-sentence email with a subject that simply (and very unhelpfully) says, "Resume Attached" or "Applying."
Standing out from the crowd in a positive way is NOT optional. Leverage the technology currently available, and you will also prove that you are not out-of-date.
Resumes have changed substantially with the availability of technology. An old-fashioned resume stamps "OUT-OF-DATE" on your forehead! Most employers expect that you can use word processing software well enough to customize your resume and cover letter specifically for them. Generic work-history resumes don't often work well today.
Studies show that the person who is referred by an employee is hired 5 times more often than the stranger who simply applies. So, focus that networking on your target employers (or a class of employers).
Find those former colleagues who you worked with well in the past. Or that great boss you had 2 jobs ago. Where are they working now? Are they hiring?
Be very well-prepared. Expect to be asked, "So, what do you know about us?" and have a good answer ready based on your research on the employer's website as well as what Google and LinkedIn show you.
- Prepare positive answers to unusual interview questions, particularly for any "soft spots" you have, like gaps in your employment history, being fired, or anything questionable about your recent work history that could raise concern for an employer. Also, of course, have answers ready for the standard interview questions, like "Why do you want to work here?" "Why should we hire you?"
3. Be Visible!
Being invisible is like another OUT-OF-DATE stamp on your forehead! Employers use search engines to research job applicants more than 80% of the time, according to recent studies. They are looking for "social proof" that you are who you say you are, have done what you say you have done, would fit in well, and understand how to use the Internet for business. If they don't find that corroboration, they move on to the next candidate.
If you Google your name and find nothing about you on the first page or – at a minimum – the first 3 pages, this is a problem! Yes, it is better than having photos of you drunk at a party, but a lack of online visibility brands you as out-of-date (unless you are in some sort of super-secret profession, like spy).
It also makes you vulnerable to mistaken identity. Oh, that person who has the same name you have and stole money from his or her last employer isn't you? An employer doing a quick Google search would not know it wasn't you, and, most likely, they would not take the time to find out.
4. Join LinkedIn!
LinkedIn is an excellent venue for managing professional/work visibility. LinkedIn is usually # 1 – or very near # 1 – on any search of a person's name on a search engine. And, YOU control what it tells the world about you! Your LinkedIn Profile needs to be 100% complete (LinkedIn guides you through that process), and then it will provide much of the "social proof" most employers are seeking.
LinkedIn will help you reconnect with those former colleagues, co-workers, and bosses, and give you opportunities, through Groups and Answers, to demonstrate what you know.
The Greater IBM Connection on LinkedIn
5. Pay Attention!
Set up a Google Alert on your name. Pay attention to what is visible about your name when someone does a search. When something bad appears, you can bury it with other positive content, or you may be able to get it taken down. If something can't be removed, be prepared to address it in an interview or, even, in a cover letter or your resume, if appropriate.
Catch up with these New Rules so you don't look out-of-date because looking out-of-date is probably hurting you more than your age. The good news is that by becoming more up-to-date for your job search, you'll be more up-to-date for your job! So, you should be more successful once you land. We're never too old to learn something new – it keeps us young!
Greater IBMers, what would you add to this? Share your lessons learned in the Comments.


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Astronomy group relocates observatoryBy Christian Avard
Staff Writer | March 21,2013CHESTER A local astronomy group has withdrawn its consideration for a public observatory in the town of Chester.
The Southern Vermont Astronomy Group sent the Select Board a letter March 12 stating they were retracting the offer due to a lack of support from the town.
SoVerA President Claudio Veliz said they now have a new site for the facility but it will not be available for public use.
Its going to be installed next week or the week after at a private residence near Gassetts, Veliz said. The one setback is we cant be covered for the general public. However, were still pursuing the possibility of a public facility sometime in the near future.
SoVerA approached the Select Board last fall after a New Hampshire man donated his 7 feet by 9 feet observatory to the group. They discussed with the Select Board the possibility of re-siting the observatory at The Pinnacle Park on Lovers Lane in Chester but no agreement was reached.
According to their letter, SoVerA asked the Select Board at a Nov. 21 meeting if funding by the town was sufficiently likely that it would be worthwhile for SoVerA to contact contractors and suppliers to secure commitments and estimates.
According to SoVerA, the Select Board said yes.
SoVerA said it would cost $7,000 to install the observatory with proper ventilation and an energy efficient roof. But SoVerA said the board changed its mind and had no intention of giving any funds to installing the observatory.
SoVerA board members expressed growing frustrations with the Select Board and decided to move on.
SoVerA is robustly open to revisit the possibility of a new observatory at anytime if the town wants to approach us, Veliz said. We wanted support from all sectors. The town was going to provide us with the land and electricity. But had they given us $1,500 or even $3,000, that would have been a gesture of collaboration.
Select Board Vice Chairman Derek Suursoo acknowledged the Select Board expressed interest in SoVerAs proposal but needed more information. He also stated the Select Board made no final determination regarding the use of town property or services.
The Chester Select Board were frugal with the towns money, Suursoo said. The proposal they presented was not fully fleshed out.
email@example.com IN Southern VermontBENNINGTON — Ask author and Bennington College graduate Charlotte Silver if the title of... Full StoryPresident Calvin Coolidge was remembered in all sorts of ways Saturday on the 143rd anniversary... Full StoryPresident Calvin Coolidge was remembered in all sorts of ways Saturday on the 143rd anniversary... Full Story
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- RICHARD'S POOR ALMANACK: On this day 1739, 'Richard Palmer' identified in prison at York Castle as the notorious outlaw DICK TURPIN; IN 1836, Battle of the Alamo begins near San Antonio de Bexar, Texas; 1896, the Tootsie Roll invented by LEO HIRSCHFELD.
- RICHARD'S POOR ALMANACK: On this day in 1472, Orkney, Shetland islands put up as collateral by Norway to Scotland in lieu of dowry for MARGARET OF DENMARK on her marriage with JAMES III, king of Scotland; 1962, JOHN GLENN first American to orbit Earth.
- TOMORROW'S HEADLINES TODAY: City mayoral candidates debate campaign issues; Hartford, Conn., woman still missing; Neal Goswami reports attempts to legislate suicide; local woman loses 100 pounds through TOPS program.
- RICHARD'S POOR ALMANACK: On this day in 1878, JOHN TUNSTALL murdered near Lincoln, New Mexico, by the outlaw JESSE EVANS; in 1930, ELM FARM OLLIE first cow to fly in aircraft, first to be milked airborne; 1955, nuke test WASP; '79, snow in Sahara.
- TOMORROW'S HEADLINES TODAY: Rutland Herald News Editor Alan J. Keays and staff writer Gordon Dritschilo discuss stories planned for the February 18, 2015, edition of the newspaper: Winter budgets maxed, legal marijuana, Springfield bank job, USPS slowdown
- RICHARD'S POOR ALMANACK: On this day in 1249 AD, ANDRE of LONGJUMEAU is dispatched by LOUIS IX of France to meet the KHAGAN, ruler of the Mongol Empire; in 1804, during 1st Barbary War, STEPHEN DECATUR scuttles the pirate-held USS Philadelphia in Tripoli.


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A recent article in this column suggested that 70% of identity theft originates in the workplace and that less than 0.1% of organizations that possess our personally identifiable information take appropriate preventive steps to protect and secure that information.
Although a high-percentage of identity theft is not in our control, there are precautions that consumers can take to decrease their risk of identity theft.
Assume that the risk of identity theft is a 50/50 proposition. You control 50% of the risk and organizations—public, private, governmental, schools and not-for-profits contribute to the other 50% of the risk. Read More
With concerns over online privacy and information gathering by search engines, Google has come up with a solution, Opt-out village, a 22-acre remote mountain enclave for those obsessed with privacy.
John Carter, Director Google Opt-Out Village says that "once in the village there is no chance of Google or anyone else reading your email because there are not computers. " Carter goes on to say that "because they can be tracked, there are no banks or hospitals." Residents will be expected to know how to grow their own food, suture wounds and bury the dead by hand.
To insure privacy, Google provides a 30-foot tall, 10-foot thick concrete data security wall around the complex. The entire complex is encapsulated in a giant metal box so satellites cannot see inside.
Those who check into Opt-Out Village may only opt-out or leave after having a giant scarlet "G" branded on their forehead labeling them as doubters.
For more information see the complete video report on the Onion News Network
Many people do not understand identity theft, privacy and information security. Executives who lack this understanding can be putting a lot at risk—personal and business. Executives have a fiduciary and social responsibility to do the right thing.
I started an executive coaching series which can be followed on the Examiner.com to help educate business leaders on identity theft, privacy and information security.
One of my business associates rented a new office last week and noticed a copy of a job application letter on the top of a wastepaper basket full of office documents and trash. The applicant, was the previous office occupant, proclaimed his or her attentiveness to privacy and security practices in the workplace. A study published nearly a decade ago indicated that as much as 70% of identity theft originates in the workplace. Read More
Not too long ago a high profile executive of a financial institution said to me, "Identity theft! That happened to me, I called the credit card company and they took the charge off my account, it wasn't a big deal."
His response is a tribute to a common misunderstanding that consumers have about identity theft—that id theft is credit card or bank account fraud. The example is alarming because a leader of a financial institution should know better. The personal situation that the executive referred to was more likely an account error, not existing account fraud and certainly not identity theft in the pure sense.


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Affordable Housing Initiatives Work Group Initial Recommendations Presentation to City Council May 2008
Washington Area Housing Partnership, Workforce Housing Briefing - Barbara Favola
Creative Affordable Housing Development Tools - Ken Aughenbaugh
Find neighborhood parks?
Start a small business?
Learn about new development?
Pay my taxes or parking citation?
Report fraud, waste and abuse?
Speak at a City Council meeting?
Apply for a marriage license?
Find information for retired City employees?
Get information about permits?
Search property and sales data?
Find visitor information?
Find volunteer opportunities?
Obtain and review public documents and records?
Find information about parking?
Learn more about Verizon FiOS?
421 King Street, Suite 200
Alexandria, Virginia 22314
Phone: 703.746.4990
Fax: 703.838.4309E-mail
Hours of Operation:
Monday through Friday
8:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m.


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Grid List
50/50 Full Zip CardiganITEM: 4063 You'll always look pulled together in our basic zipper-front cardigan. Featuring two side pockets, standup collar, with ribbing around the cuffs and bottom. Soft cotton/acrylic blend. Imported. Machine wash.Learn More
Regular Price: $74.00
Special Price $29.60
Bad Boy Taz Denim JacketITEM:8918 This wonderful jacket features a 3-inch by 3-inch embroidered Taz on the front left chest. The back boasts an 10-inch by 9-inch beautiful genuine red leather, suede and embroidered appliqu© of classic Taz. The words "Bad Boy Taz" are embroidered above.Jacket is constructed of 100% denim cotton with metal buttons down the front and on the sleeve bottoms. Each sleeve has two buttons to ensure proper fit at the wrist. The waistband also has two buttons on the right and on the left so you can tighten or loosen the waist size for comfort. Professional leather clean. Note: Women should order one size smaller than normal.Learn More
Regular Price: $95.00
Special Price $38.00
Easy Washed Cotton Hooded JacketITEM: 2018 We've added new vitality to the essential jean jacket with our perfect-weight washed cotton hoody edition. Heavy metal zipper front with concealed button placket, epaulets, two slash outside pockets and two button chest pockets, button cuff, fleece hood and full pile lining in the body. Imported. Dry clean.Learn More
Regular Price: $145.00
Special Price $58.00
Lambskin Leather BomberITEM: 6105 Our soft and supple leather bomber features 3 leather trimmed inside pockets and 2 on seam outside pockets, quilted poly-satin lining and light poly-fill, double snap adjustable cuffs, leather covered side elastic. Imported. Leather clean.Learn More
Regular Price: $295.00
Special Price $118.00
Leather Like Jacket with HoodieITEM: 0216 It feels and looks like leather! This handsome jacket includes 6 outside pockets and one inside pocket, a zip-off sweatshirt hood, zipper front with a six snap placket and shoulder epaulettes for extra detailing. Acrylic pile lining for added warmth. Imported.Learn More
Regular Price: $120.00
Special Price $48.00
Mens 3/4 Reversable JacketITEM: 2043 Wear the rich leather side one day, then reverse gears and wear the acrylic faux fur side the next. Wear the hood up, wear the hood down. It's nice to leave your options open, and this reversible jacket gives you choices. The leather is our irresistible soft-as-lambskin leather with a zipper front and two on-seam slash pockets. Reverse to the plush acrylic faux fur side with leather stand-up collar and zipper placket. The roomy cut makes this a most comfortable coat. Imported. Leather clean.Learn More
Regular Price: $220.00
Special Price $88.00
Mens Active JacketITEM: 4047 We've got your jacket. With the latest trend in activewear: cool color block pattern, soft fleece lining, detachable fleece-lined hood, sturdy zipper with a velcro closure placket. Elastic wrist with adjustable velcro closure and waist drawstring. Polyester shell. Imported.Learn More
Regular Price: $110.00
Special Price $44.00
Mens Air Force insignia leather jacketITEM: 1193 An official licensed product by Michael Hoban. Nappa leather jackets feature 10" dia. embroidered insignias of each branch of the military. Plus, they adhere to the strictest guidelines for warmth and style. Traditional bomber jacket features two snap-flap side slash pockets, four pen pockets on the sleeve (plus one that zips) and one interior pocket. Knit collar, waistband and cuffs. Fully lined with quilted acetate/nylon and poly fill. Imported. Leather clean.Learn More
Regular Price: $295.00
Special Price $118.00
Mens Air Force insignia non-leather jacketITEM: 1293 An official licensed product by Michael Hoban feature 10" diameter embroidered military insignias on the back. Traditional bomber jacket features two snap-flap side slash pockets, four pen pockets on the sleeve (plus one that zips) and one interior pocket, knit collar, waistband and cuffs. Fully lined with quilted acetate/nylon and poly fill. Imported.Learn More
Regular Price: $125.00
Special Price $50.00
Mens Antique Premium Shrunken Lamb JacketITEM: 1860 The unique texture of our premium shrunken French lambskin jacket gives it a rugged antique look. Detailing such as the stitched flange front adds a modern touch. Two hand-warmer pockets outside, one chest pocket inside. Lining is polyester with 100% poly filler. Full leather-covered elastic waistband, adjustable snap cuffs. Imported. Leather clean.Learn More
Regular Price: $687.50
Special Price $275.00


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Bethany Duvet Cover
No longer available
Garlands of bright blossoms accent our bedding with a pretty spring palette.
Pure cotton percale.
200-thread count.
Duvet cover and sham reverse to self.
Duvet cover has a hidden button closure; sham has an envelope closure.
Duvet cover, sham and insert sold separately.
Machine wash.


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The Jewish Agency's Partnership2Gether peoplehood platform (P2G, previously known as Partnership 2000) has become the paradigm for successfully partnering global Jewish communities directly with Israeli communities—the majority of which are in national priority areas.
Communities share ideas, strengths, challenges and models of success; and empower one another to generate waves of change. But the impact of these projects go far beyond the community level—each of us has the opportunity to become directly and personally involved.
More than 300,000 participants from Israel and the overseas communities take part in 450 programs each year.
For the Partnership Regions Map Press Here
Partnership2Gether Regions
- Afula & Gilboa and SNEC
- Arad - Tamar and New Jersey - Delaware
- Bat Yam and Toronto
- Beer Sheva & Bnei Shimon and Montreal
- Beit Shean & Valley of Springs and Cleveland
- Beit Shemesh Mateh Yehuda and Washington DC South Africa
- Central Arava and Australia
- Central Galilee and Michigan
- Coast-to-Coast partnership with the Galilee Panhandle
- Dimona and JFNA Network
- Eilat & Eilot and Toronto
- Eshkol and Mexico & Northeastern New York
- Hadera & Eiron and Southeast Region
- Israel and New York
- Karmiel & Misgav and Pittsburgh
- Kfar Saba and Columbus
- Kiryat Bialik and South Palm Beach County
- Kiryat Gat & Lachish & Shafir and Chicago
- Kiryat Malachi & Hof Ashkelon
- Kiryat Motzkin and Orlando
- Modiin and Rochester
- Nahariya and Northern New Jersey
- Nesher and Broward County
- Netanya and Cincinnati
- Netivot & Sedot Negev and Philadelphia
- Northern Galil and Great Britain
- Ofakim & Merchavim and MetroWest
- Or Akiva and Miami
- Ramat Negev and Denver
- Rechovot and Switzerland
- Rosh Haayin and New Orleans
- Shaar Hanegev and San Diego
- Shoham and Venezuela
- Sovev Kinneret - Milwaukee & Madison & Tulsa & St. Paul
- Tel Aviv and Los Angeles
- Tzahar and Palm Beach
- Western Galilee and Central Region
- Western Galilee and Dallas
- Yerucham and Miami
- Yoav and Lehigh Valley
- Yokneam & Meggido and Atlanta & St. Louis
Partnership2Gether Programs
Small Business Loan Funds
The Loan Funds Initiative is one of the Jewish Agency's most successful programs for creating employment opportunities, impacting Israeli society and stimulating the economy in Jerusalem, the Negev and the Galilee.
School TwinningThe Global School Twinning Network


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Field Guide to Maryland's Salamanders and Newts
(Order Caudata)
Allegheny Mountain Dusky Salamander
(Desmognathus ochrophaeus)
Adult photo of Allegheny Mountain
Dusky Salamander courtesy of Mark Tegges
Habitat photo for Allegheny Mountain
Dusky Salamander courtesy of Matt Kline
Maryland Distribution Map
Maryland's Herps
- Discover Maryland's Herps
- Maryland Herp History
- Amphibians
- Reptiles
- Maryland Herp Checklist
- Glossary
- Survey Techniques, Collecting Ethics, Safety and the Law
- Problems with Buying Frogs and Tadpoles for Wild Release
- Technical Guide: A Key to the Reptiles and Amphibians of Maryland - 86.3 MB pdf file
- References
- Maryland Amphibian and Reptile Atlas (MARA) Project
- Natural Heritage Program
- Wildlife & Heritage Home
Maryland Amphibian
and Reptile Atlas Project
"A Joint Project of the Natural History Society of Maryland, Inc. and the Maryland Department of Natural Resources"
For monthly newsletters of the Maryland Amphibian & Reptile Atlas Project click on Recent Newsletters and scroll down to the MARA Newsletters.
The Maryland Herpetology Field Guide is a cooperative effort of the MD Natural Heritage Program and the MD Biological Stream Survey within the Department of Natural Resources and their partners. We wish to thank all who contributed field records, text, and photographs, as well as support throughout its development.


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LDES Faculty Employment Opportunities
Kent State University is located in NE Ohio, an area rich in institutional and demographic diversity. Kent, Ohio is a community of 29,000, located along the Cuyahoga River, which enjoys the comfort, safety, and familiarity of a small town, yet benefits from the social services, cultural activities, and other amenities of metropolitan Cleveland and Akron-Canton. The Cuyahoga National Recreation Area, Blossom Music Center, and many hiking and biking trails, as well as more than 20 colleges, universities and community colleges, are within 40 minutes of campus


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ISW: About us
What we do
Last update: Thursday, July 25, 2013 12:40:43 PM
Welcome to the Interface Science Western in the Faculty of Science at Western!
Interface Science Western is a name for Tandetron Accelerator Facility, a part of Canadian Charged Particle Accelerator Consortium (CCPAC).
This is a National Facility supported by the NSERC Major Research Support grant.
The ISW allows users to undertake a broad range of research projects using ion beam analysis and ion beam implantation. The ISW also has extensive characterization and processing capabilities available to ISW users.
If you would like to schedule beam-time at the Western ISW please contact Dr. Lyudmila Goncharova or Jack Hendriks. There are several difference ways how one can gain access to our facility. Our aims to facilitate collaborative research projects and stimulate multi-disciplinary interactions within the University, nationally and internationally.
Tandetron Laboratory Location:
Western Science Centre G49
Phone: (519) 661-2111 x 83803
Mailing Address:
Department of Physics and Astronomy, UWO
1151 Richmond St.
London, Ontario, N6A 3K7


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Narrow your search
With "Brave," the hit-making studio broke new ground in the way it animated flowing hair, fur, clothing, and water. And it invented new software to make it all happen.
Many people have explained what one can learn from Steve Jobs. Guy Kawasaki was there with Jobs, launching the Macintosh and absorbing everything he could from Jobs' singular collection of talents. Here's Kawasaki's list of the top 12 lessons he learned from Steve Jobs.
The cluster of balloons carrying a house away couldn't be hand-animated or done individually on a computer. So the studio invented a way to make them look real.


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Barbie™ Cake Plate & Server Set
Release Date: 2/13/2014
Product Code: CGL19
What better "icing on the cake" than this adorable cake plate and server set? The plate features a beautiful illustration of Birthday Wishes® Barbie®doll and the server has the floral pattern and Barbie™ logo. Plate and server made of melamine. Plate measures approx. 11.75" round; server is approx. 9.3"L x 2"W. Dishwasher safe.


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Flexible routing and scheduling solutions
Award winning solutions available as Black Box Integration Engines,
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Working closely with Customers and Partners
Versatile user friendly software established
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Integrate route optimiser into your own application.
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DPS develop and supply award winning routing and scheduling software to transport and mobile field service business customers
DPS Route Optimisation Software (Route Optimiser) delivers a solution that cuts operational costs, improves efficiency and raises customer service levels. Our software is used for daily route optimisation and scheduling, strategic transport planning and real time fleet management for a variety of businesses and operations in many sectors.
Route Optimiser helps improve your performance because:
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- Route Optimisers user friendly software is provided with flexible training options and full ongoing support
Click here to visit our US based version of this website


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Something has been a little off sense this season started. Sure, there has been an extra helping of upsets and strange results, but that isn't quite it either. The most noticeable difference is actually what's missing, not what's new. The New York Jets now sit with a 3-2 record after beating the Atlanta Falcons on Monday night. With the win, the Jets stay just a game back of the Patriots in the divisional race, and more importantly, they're keeping up with the wildcard race as well. After a back-and-forth preseason, the Jets' decision to start Geno Smith was made for them when Mark Sanchez was lost to injury for the rest of the year. Since that point, the New York circus has left town, and it's been replaced by a low key, under the radar team that's winning close games in a quiet fashion. More importantly, there's been no talk of lost locker rooms, angry players or outrageous trash talk. Going into the season, Rex Ryan was called by some, myself included, a lame-duck head coach. With a new general manager, it seemed likely a poor season would be met with a quick pink slip and an escort to the door. Now, with Ryan's team winning games, he's not even on the hot seat radar. All those positive remarks being stated, there's still room for collapse. The Jets are getting ready to enter their toughest stretch of schedule, highlighted by games against the Patriots, Bengals and Saints over the course of the next month. If, however, the Jets can come out of the next four weeks still in the playoff race, their schedule turns into a favorable factor. In the second half of the season, the Jets will get to play teams such as the Bills, Browns, Panthers and Raiders. Each of those games will be very winnable events, and by winning those games, the Jets could legitimately make a playoff push. So, in hindsight, Rex Ryan may have known what he was doing a little bit more often than we've been willing to give him credit for. Still, the season is still young, and there's plenty of time for a collapse. If, however, the Jets continue to play sound football, don't be surprised if Rex Ryan makes it through the end of the season with his job status still safe. [follow]
With the loss to the Steelers today the Jests returned to their true form once again. All rex has done is hold the wolves at bay for a short reprieve. The jests wont make the Playoffs again and his days are numbered.
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Erikoistarjoukset: tarjouksen tiedot
Päivästä 15 Heinäkuu 2014 päivään 14 Heinäkuu 2015
Not refundable reservation in our hotel - Just few steps from San Marco square and Rialto bridge
Special price for a lovely staying! Hotel Santa marina, 4 stars in the core of Venice, is glad to offer to all its guests, a discounted rate for all not refundable reservation. A minimun staying of 3 nights has an additional discount! Your staying includes: - twin or double room, breakfast included; - visit to a Murano glass factory with private taxi and guide. Anyway, you could reserve following services to create your magic moment in Venice: - individual Gondola ride; - collective Gondola ride with music; - Venice Lagoon tour by private water taxi, drinking a glass of wine; - Dinner to a selected restaurant; - Welcome gift in the room (flowers, fruits, champagne, bottle of Prosecco); - Arrival and departure transfers. Sales remarks: Cancellation is not allowed. The total amount will be charged from your credit card at the reservation. In case of cancellation or modification total amount will be charged. City tax is not included. Please contact us at: email@example.com.
Pyytää tietoja tai tarkista hinnat ja huoneiden saatavuus on line!


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The American Le Mans Series celebrated its 11th year and 100th race at the 12 Hours of Sebring in March. While the field for domestic racing's longest-running endurance sports-car race had shrunk to just 26 starters by the current economic climate, its overall quality was arguably unsurpassed. Audi again upped the ante by debuting its new R15 TDI diesel, a technological tour de force with an aggressive look to match. Peugeot returned with its 908, while Acura's presence was bolstered by privateer LMP1 entries from Duncan Dayton and Gil de Ferran. Mazda, meanwhile, brought two new closed-cockpit LMP2 entries to battle the '08-spec Fernandez Acura racing cars.
With Corvette Racing once again running uncontested in GT1, the largest and most competitive category remained GT2, with officially sanctioned efforts from Porsche, BMW, and Ferrari battling private teams utilizing Ford, Panoz, and Aston Martin hardware. (In case you're wondering, the Aston factory team has left GT1 to field an LMP1 entry, but this new car won't make its racing debut until Le Mans in June.)
As we've noted in the past, the C6.Rs will enter only three races this year: Sebring, the Long Beach Grand Prix, and the 24 Hours of Le Mans. After that, the GT1 C6.R will give way to a new GT2 racer based on the architecture of the '09 ZR1. All reports are that the GT2 car is spectacular looking, with an appearance even more dramatic than that of the current car.
With the bulk of Corvette Racing's development dollars going toward the new GT2 program, changes to the C6.R have largely been limited to those mandated by IMSA and its international counterpart, the ACO. These include a smaller air restrictor for the engine intake and 50 pounds of additional weight, bringing the car to 1,175 kilos (2,585 pounds). The livery, meanwhile, has been updated to promote the newly released GT1 Edition, which celebrates the immense success Corvette Racing has enjoyed in production-based racing over the past 10 years (see sidebar).
The team arrived in Sebring having performed exactly zero testing days in the C6.R since last year. This made the time spent at the event all the more precious, since it would be the only opportunity the crew would have to fine-tune the car prior to Le Mans. As a result, the bright-yellow race cars were poised for every opportunity to be on the 3.7-mile, 17-turn track during the week leading up to the Saturday's race.
We spoke with Ollie Gavin after Thursday morning's practice session, at which time he was still a bit ambivalent about the No. 4 car's setup. Team engineers responded by making a number of changes to the car, and Gavin took the class pole position in that afternoon's first qualifying session.
Before the two-hour night practice on Thursday, the team changed the gearboxes on both cars. A torrential downpour early that evening brought cooler temps and provided an excellent opportunity to break in the newly installed transaxles under optimum conditions. The following morning, the crew performed its typical pre-enduro chore of swapping out the engines.
Saturday morning's practice got underway at 8 a.m. The No. 4 car completed the session without incident, but the No. 3 car experienced some problems with fuel pressure. The team immediately went to work to sort out the issue, and all was squared away in time for the race's 10:30 a.m. start. The green flag dropped on time, though not before a pre-race spectacular incorporating bagpipe bands and a Clydesdale-drawn Budweiser wagon with ALMS/IMSA impresario Don Panoz aboard to preside over the festivities.


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Alfred Russel Wallace OM, FRS (8 January 1823 – 7 November 1913) was an British naturalist, explorer, geographer, anthropologist, and biologist.
He did extensive fieldwork, first in the Amazon River basin and then in the Malay Archipelago, where he identified the Wallace Line dividing the fauna of Australia from that of Asia. He is best known for independently proposing a theory of natural selection which prompted Charles Darwin to publish on his own theory. Wallace was also one of the leading evolutionary thinkers of the 19th century who made a number of other contributions to the development of evolutionary theory, including the concept of warning colouration in animals, and the Wallace effect, a hypothesis on how natural selection could contribute to speciation by encouraging the development of barriers against hybridization. He was also considered the 19th century's leading expert on the geographical distribution of animal species and is sometimes called the "father of biogeography".
Wallace was strongly attracted to unconventional ideas. His advocacy of Spiritualism and his belief in a non-material origin for the higher mental faculties of humans strained his relationship with the scientific establishment, especially with other early proponents of evolution. In addition to his scientific work he was a social activist who was critical of what he considered to be an unjust social and economic system in 19th-century Britain. His interest in biogeography resulted in his being one of the first prominent scientists to raise concerns over the environmental impact of human activity.
Wallace was born in the village of Llanbadoc, near Usk, Monmouthshire, Wales. He was the eighth of nine children of Thomas Vere Wallace and Mary Anne Greenell. His mother was from a respectable middle-class English family from Hertford. Thomas Wallace was of Scottish ancestry. His family, like many Scottish Wallaces, claimed a connection to William Wallace, the leader of a 13th-century rising against England. Thomas Wallace received a law degree, but never actually practiced law. He inherited some income-generating property, but bad investments and failed business ventures resulted in a steady deterioration of the family's financial position.
When Wallace was five years old, his family moved to Hertford, north of London. There he attended Hertford Grammar School until financial difficulties forced his family to withdraw him in 1836. Wallace then moved to London to live and work with his older brother John, a 19-year-old apprentice builder. (In 1979, a plaque was placed at 44 St. Peter's Road in Croydon commemorating the fact that he lived there at one point during this period.) This was a stopgap measure until William, his oldest brother, was ready to take him on as an apprentice surveyor. While there, he attended lectures and read books at the London Mechanics' Institute, where he was exposed to the radical political ideas of social reformers like Robert Owen and Thomas Paine. He left London in 1837 to live with William and work as his apprentice for six years. At the end of 1839, they moved to Kington near the Welsh border before eventually settling at Neath in Glamorgan. Between 1840 and 1843, Wallace did surveying work in the countryside of the west of England and Wales. By the end of 1843, William's business had declined due to difficult economic conditions. Wallace left in January, aged 20. One result of Wallace's early travels has been a modern controversy about Wallace's nationality. Since Wallace was born in Monmouthshire, Wales, some sources have considered him to be Welsh. However some historians have questioned this because neither of his parents were Welsh, his family only briefly lived in Monmouthshire, the Welsh people Wallace knew in his childhood considered him to be English, and because Wallace himself seems to have consistently referred to himself as English rather than Welsh. One Wallace scholar has stated that because of these facts the most reasonable interpretation was that Wallace was an Englishman born in Wales.
After a brief period of unemployment, he was hired as a master at the Collegiate School in Leicester to teach drawing, mapmaking, and surveying. Wallace spent a lot of time at the Leicester library where he read An Essay on the Principle of Population by Thomas Malthus and where one evening he met the entomologist Henry Bates. Bates was only 19 years old, but had already published a paper on beetles in the journal Zoologist. He befriended Wallace and started him collecting insects. William died in March 1845, and Wallace left his teaching position to assume control of his brother's firm in Neath, but he and his brother John were unable to make the business work. After a couple of months, Wallace found work as a civil engineer for a nearby firm that was working on a survey for a proposed railway in the Vale of Neath. Wallace's work on the survey involved spending a lot of time outdoors in the countryside, allowing him to indulge his new passion for collecting insects. Wallace was able to persuade his brother John to join him in starting another architecture and civil engineering firm, which carried out a number of projects, including the design of a building for the Mechanics' Institute of Neath. William Jevons, the founder of that institute, was impressed by Wallace and persuaded him to give lectures there on science and engineering. In the autumn of 1846, he, aged 23, and John were able to purchase a cottage near Neath, where they lived with their mother and sister Fanny (his father had died in 1843). During this period, he read avidly, exchanging letters with Bates about the anonymous evolutionary treatise Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation, Charles Darwin's Journal and Remarks, and Charles Lyell's Principles of Geology.
Inspired by the chronicles of earlier travelling naturalists, including Alexander von Humboldt, Charles Darwin, and William Henry Edwards, Wallace decided that he too wanted to travel abroad as a naturalist. In 1848, Wallace and Henry Bates left for Brazil aboard the Mischief. Their intention was to collect insects and other animal specimens in the Amazon Rainforest and sell them to collectors back in the United Kingdom. They also hoped to gather evidence of the transmutation of species. Wallace and Bates spent most of their first year collecting near Belém do Pará, then explored inland separately, occasionally meeting to discuss their findings. In 1849, they were briefly joined by another young explorer, botanist Richard Spruce, along with Wallace's younger brother Herbert. Herbert left soon thereafter (dying two years later from yellow fever), but Spruce, like Bates, would spend over ten years collecting in South America.
Wallace continued charting the Rio Negro for four years, collecting specimens and making notes on the peoples and languages he encountered as well as the geography, flora, and fauna. On 12 July 1852, Wallace embarked for the UK on the brig Helen. After twenty-eight days at sea, balsam in the ship's cargo caught fire and the crew was forced to abandon ship. Wallace's entire collection was lost, and he could only save part of his diary and a few sketches. Wallace and the crew spent ten days in an open boat before being picked up by the brig Jordeson.
After his return to the UK, Wallace spent eighteen months in London living on the insurance payment for his lost collection and selling the surviving remnants. During this period, despite having lost almost all of the notes from his South American expedition, he wrote six academic papers (which included "On the Monkeys of the Amazon") and two books; Palm Trees of the Amazon and Their Uses and Travels on the Amazon. He also made connections with a number of other British naturalists — most significantly, Darwin.
From 1854 to 1862, age 31 to 39, Wallace travelled through the Malay Archipelago or East Indies (now Malaysia and Indonesia), to collect specimens for sale and to study nature. His observations of the marked zoological differences across a narrow strait in the archipelago led to his proposing the zoogeographical boundary now known as the Wallace line. Wallace collected more than 125,000 specimens in the Malay Archipelago (more than 80,000 beetles alone). More than a thousand of them represented species new to science. One of his better-known species descriptions during this trip is that of the gliding tree frog Rhacophorus nigropalmatus, known as Wallace's flying frog. While he was exploring the archipelago, he refined his thoughts about evolution and had his famous insight on natural selection.
Accounts of his studies and adventures there were eventually published in 1869 as The Malay Archipelago. The Malay Archipelago became one of the most popular journals of scientific exploration of the 19th century, kept continuously in print by its original publisher (Macmillan) into the second decade of the 20th century. It was praised by scientists such as Darwin (to whom the book was dedicated), and Charles Lyell, and by non-scientists such as the novelist Joseph Conrad, who called it his "favorite bedside companion" and used it as source of information for several of his novels, especially Lord Jim.
After a year of courtship, Wallace became engaged in 1864 to a young woman whom, in his autobiography, he would only identify as Miss L. However, to Wallace's great dismay, she broke off the engagement. In 1866, Wallace married Annie Mitten. Wallace had been introduced to Mitten through Richard Spruce, who had befriended Wallace in Brazil and who was also a good friend of Annie Mitten's father, William Mitten, an expert in mosses. In 1872, Wallace had a house built of concrete on land he leased in Grays in Essex, where he lived until 1876. The Wallaces had three children: Herbert (1867–1874) who died in childhood, Violet (1869–1945), and William (1871–1951).
Wallace continued his scientific work in parallel with his social commentary. In 1880, he published Island Life as a sequel to The Geographic Distribution of Animals. In November 1886, Wallace began a ten month trip to the United States to give a series of popular lectures. Most of the lectures were on Darwinism (evolution and natural selection), but he also gave speeches on biogeography, spiritualism, and socio-economic reform. During the trip, he was reunited with his brother John who had emigrated to California years before. He also spent a week in Colorado, with the American botanist Alice Eastwood as his guide, exploring the flora of the Rocky Mountains and gathering evidence that would lead him to a theory on how glaciation might explain certain commonalities between the mountain flora of Europe, Asia and North America, which he published in 1891 in the paper "English and American Flowers". He met many other prominent American naturalists and viewed their collections. His 1889 book Darwinism used information he collected on his American trip, and information he had compiled for the lectures.
He was also profoundly influenced by Robert Chambers' work Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation, a highly-controversial work of popular science published anonymously in 1844 that advocated an evolutionary origin for the solar system, the earth, and living things. Wallace wrote to Henry Bates in 1845:
I have a rather more favourable opinion of the 'Vestiges' than you appear to have. I do not consider it a hasty generalization, but rather as an ingenious hypothesis strongly supported by some striking facts and analogies, but which remains to be proven by more facts and the additional light which more research may throw upon the problem. It furnishes a subject for every student of nature to attend to; every fact he observes will make either for or against it, and it thus serves both as an incitement to the collection of facts, and an object to which they can be applied when collected.
Wallace deliberately planned some of his field work to test the hypothesis that under an evolutionary scenario closely related species should inhabit neighbouring territories. During his work in the Amazon basin, he came to realize that geographical barriers — such as the Amazon and its major tributaries — often separated the ranges of closely-allied species, and he included these observations in his 1853 paper "On the Monkeys of the Amazon". Near the end of the paper he asks the question "Are very closely allied species ever separated by a wide interval of country?"
In February 1855, while working in the state of Sarawak on the island of Borneo, Wallace wrote "On the Law Which has Regulated the Introduction of Species", a paper which was published in the Annals and Magazine of Natural History in September 1855. In this paper, he gathered and enumerated general observations regarding the geographic and geologic distribution of species (biogeography). His conclusion that "Every species has come into existence coincident both in space and time with a closely allied species" has come to be known as the "Sarawak Law". Wallace thus answered the question he had posed in his earlier paper on the monkeys of the Amazon river basin. Although it contained no mention of any possible mechanisms for evolution, this paper foreshadowed the momentous paper he would write three years later.
The paper shook Charles Lyell's belief that species were immutable. Although his friend Charles Darwin had written to him in 1842 expressing support for transmutation, Lyell had continued to be strongly opposed to the idea. Around the start of 1856, he told Darwin about Wallace's paper, as did Edward Blyth who thought it "Good! Upon the whole!… Wallace has, I think put the matter well; and according to his theory the various domestic races of animals have been fairly developed into species." Despite this hint, Darwin mistook Wallace's conclusion for the progressive creationism of the time and wrote that it was "nothing very new… Uses my simile of tree [but] it seems all creation with him." Lyell was more impressed, and opened a notebook on species, in which he grappled with the consequences, particularly for human ancestry. Darwin had already shown his theory to their mutual friend Joseph Hooker and now, for the first time, he spelt out the full details of natural selection to Lyell. Although Lyell could not agree, he urged Darwin to publish to establish priority. Darwin demurred at first, then began writing up a species sketch of his continuing work in May 1856.
By February 1858, Wallace had been convinced by his biogeographical research in the Malay Archipelago of the reality of evolution. As he later wrote in his autobiography:
The problem then was not only how and why do species change, but how and why do they change into new and well defined species, distinguished from each other in so many ways; why and how they become so exactly adapted to distinct modes of life; and why do all the intermediate grades die out (as geology shows they have died out) and leave only clearly defined and well marked species, genera, and higher groups of animals?
According to his autobiography, it was while he was in bed with a fever that Wallace thought about Thomas Malthus's idea of positive checks on human population growth and came up with the idea of natural selection. Wallace said in his autobiography that he was on the island of Ternate at the time; but historians have questioned this, saying that on the basis of the collection registries he wrote at the time, he was more likely to have been on the island of Gilolo. Wallace describes it as follows:
It then occurred to me that these causes or their equivalents are continually acting in the case of animals also; and as animals usually breed much more quickly than does mankind, the destruction every year from these causes must be enormous in order to keep down the numbers of each species, since evidently they do not increase regularly from year to year, as otherwise the world would long ago have been crowded with those that breed most quickly. Vaguely thinking over the enormous and constant destruction which this implied, it occurred to me to ask the question, why do some die and some live? And the answer was clearly, on the whole the best fitted live… and considering the amount of individual variation that my experience as a collector had shown me to exist, then it followed that all the changes necessary for the adaptation of the species to the changing conditions would be brought about… In this way every part of an animals organization could be modified exactly as required, and in the very process of this modification the unmodified would die out, and thus the definite characters and the clear isolation of each new species would be explained.
Wallace had once briefly met Darwin, and was one of the correspondents whose observations Darwin used to support his own theories. Although Wallace's first letters to Darwin have been lost, he carefully kept the letters he received. In the first letter, dated 1 May 1857, Darwin commented that Wallace's letter of 10 October which he'd recently received as well as Wallace's paper "On the Law that has regulated the Introduction of New Species" of 1855 showed that they were both thinking alike and to some extent reaching similar conclusions, and said that he was preparing his own work for publication in about two years time. The second letter, dated 22 December 1857, said how glad he was that Wallace was theorising about distribution, adding that "without speculation there is no good and original observation" while commenting that "I believe I go much further than you". Wallace trusted Darwin's opinion on the matter and sent him his February 1858 essay, "On the Tendency of Varieties to Depart Indefinitely From the Original Type", with the request that Darwin would review it and pass it on to Charles Lyell if he thought it worthwhile. On 18 June 1858, Darwin received the manuscript from Wallace. While Wallace's essay did not employ Darwin's term "natural selection", it did outline the mechanics of an evolutionary divergence of species from similar ones due to environmental pressures. In this sense, it was very similar to the theory that Darwin had worked on for twenty years, but had yet to publish. Darwin sent the manuscript to Charles Lyell with a letter saying "he could not have made a better short abstract! Even his terms now stand as heads of my chapters… he does not say he wishes me to publish, but I shall, of course, at once write and offer to send to any journal. Distraught about the illness of his baby son, Darwin put the problem to Charles Lyell and Joseph Hooker, who decided to publish the essay in a joint presentation together with unpublished writings which highlighted Darwin's priority. Wallace's essay was presented to the Linnean Society of London on 1 July 1858, along with excerpts from an essay which Darwin had disclosed privately to Hooker in 1847 and a letter Darwin had written to Asa Gray in 1857.
Wallace accepted the arrangement after the fact, happy that he had been included at all. Darwin's social and scientific status was far greater than Wallace's, and it was unlikely that, without Darwin, Wallace's views on evolution would have been taken seriously. Lyell and Hooker's arrangement relegated Wallace to the position of co-discoverer, and he was not the social equal of Darwin or the other prominent British natural scientists. However, the joint reading of their papers on natural selection associated Wallace with the more famous Darwin. This, combined with Darwin's (as well as Hooker's and Lyell's) advocacy on his behalf, would give Wallace greater access to the highest levels of the scientific community. The reaction to the reading was muted, with the president of the Linnean remarking in May 1859 that the year had not been marked by any striking discoveries; but, with Darwin's publication of On the Origin of Species later in 1859, its significance became apparent. When Wallace returned to the UK, he met Darwin and the two remained friendly afterwards. Over the years, a few people have questioned this version of events. In the early 1980s, two books, one written by Arnold Brackman and another by John Langdon Brooks, even suggested that not only had there been a conspiracy to rob Wallace of his proper credit, but that Darwin had actually stolen a key idea from Wallace to finish his own theory. These claims have been examined in detail by a number of scholars who have concluded that they are not credible.
After the publication of Darwin's On the Origin of Species, Wallace became one of its staunchest defenders. In one incident in 1863 that particularly pleased Darwin, Wallace published the short paper "Remarks on the Rev. S. Haughton's Paper on the Bee's Cell, And on the Origin of Species" in order to utterly demolish a paper by a professor of geology at the University of Dublin that had sharply criticized Darwin's comments in the Origin on how hexagonal honey bee cells could have evolved through natural selection. Another notable defence of the Origin was "Creation by Law", a review Wallace wrote in 1867 for The Quarterly Journal of Science of the book The Reign of Law, which had been written by the Duke of Argyle as a refutation of natural selection. After an 1870 meeting of the British Association, Wallace wrote to Darwin complaining that there were "no opponents left who know anything of natural history, so that there are none of the good discussions we used to have.
Others have noted that another difference was that Wallace appeared to have envisioned natural selection as a kind of feedback mechanism keeping species and varieties adapted to their environment. They point to a largely-overlooked passage of Wallace's famous 1858 paper:
The action of this principle is exactly like that of the centrifugal governor of the steam engine, which checks and corrects any irregularities almost before they become evident; and in like manner no unbalanced deficiency in the animal kingdom can ever reach any conspicuous magnitude, because it would make itself felt at the very first step, by rendering existence difficult and extinction almost sure soon to follow.
The cybernetician and anthropologist Gregory Bateson would observe in the 1970s that, though writing it only as an example, Wallace had "probably said the most powerful thing that'd been said in the 19th Century". Bateson revisited the topic in his 1979 book Mind and Nature: A Necessary Unity, and other scholars have continued to explore the connection between natural selection and systems theory.
Shortly afterwards, Wallace became a spiritualist. At about the same time, he began to maintain that natural selection cannot account for mathematical, artistic, or musical genius, as well as metaphysical musings, and wit and humour. He eventually said that something in "the unseen universe of Spirit" had interceded at least three times in history. The first was the creation of life from inorganic matter. The second was the introduction of consciousness in the higher animals. And the third was the generation of the higher mental faculties in mankind. He also believed that the raison d'être of the universe was the development of the human spirit. These views greatly disturbed Darwin, who argued that spiritual appeals were not necessary and that sexual selection could easily explain apparently non-adaptive mental phenomena. While some historians have concluded that Wallace's belief that natural selection was insufficient to explain the development of consciousness and the human mind was directly caused by his adoption of spiritualism, other Wallace scholars have disagreed, and some maintain that Wallace never believed natural selection applied to those areas. Reaction to Wallace's ideas on this topic among leading naturalists at the time varied. Charles Lyell endorsed Wallace's views on human evolution rather than Darwin's. However, many, including Huxley, Hooker, and Darwin himself, were critical of Wallace. As one historian of science has pointed out, Wallace's views in this area were at odds with two major tenets of the emerging Darwinian philosophy, which were that evolution was not teleological and that it was not anthropocentric.
…I remain an utter disbeliever in almost all that you consider the most sacred truths. I will pass over as utterly contemptible the oft-repeated accusation that sceptics shut out evidence because they will not be governed by the morality of Christianity… I am thankful I can see much to admire in all religions. To the mass of mankind religion of some kind is a necessity. But whether there be a God and whatever be His nature; whether we have an immortal soul or not, or whatever may be our state after death, I can have no fear of having to suffer for the study of nature and the search for truth, or believe that those will be better off in a future state who have lived in the belief of doctrines inculcated from childhood, and which are to them rather a matter of blind faith than intelligent conviction.
Wallace was an enthusiast of phrenology. Early in his career, he experimented with hypnosis, then known as mesmerism. He used some of his students in Leicester as subjects, with considerable success. When he began his experiments with mesmerism, the topic was very controversial and early experimenters, such as John Elliotson, had been harshly criticized by the medical and scientific establishment. Wallace drew a connection between his experiences with mesmerism and his later investigations into spiritualism. In 1893, he wrote:
I thus learnt my first great lesson in the inquiry into these obscure fields of knowledge, never to accept the disbelief of great men or their accusations of imposture or of imbecility, as of any weight when opposed to the repeated observation of facts by other men, admittedly sane and honest. The whole history of science shows us that whenever the educated and scientific men of any age have denied the facts of other investigators on a priori grounds of absurdity or impossibility, the deniers have always been wrong.
Wallace began investigating spiritualism in the summer of 1865, possibly at the urging of his older sister Fanny Sims, who had been involved with it for some time. After reviewing the literature on the topic and attempting to test the phenomena he witnessed at séances, he came to accept that the belief was connected to a natural reality. For the rest of his life, he remained convinced that at least some séance phenomena were genuine, no matter how many accusations of fraud sceptics made or how much evidence of trickery was produced. Historians and biographers have disagreed about which factors most influenced his adoption of spiritualism. It has been suggested by one biographer that the emotional shock he had received a few months earlier, when his first fiancée broke their engagement, contributed to his receptiveness to spiritualism. Other scholars have preferred to emphasize instead Wallace's desire to find rational and scientific explanations for all phenomena, both material and non-material, of the natural world and of human society.
Spiritualism appealed to many educated Victorians who no longer found traditional religious doctrine, such as that of the Church of England, acceptable yet were unsatisfied with the completely-materialistic and mechanical view of the world that was increasingly emerging from 19th-century science. However, several scholars who have researched Wallace's views in depth have emphasized that, for him, spiritualism was a matter of science and philosophy rather than religious belief. Among other prominent 19th-century intellectuals involved with spiritualism were the social reformer Robert Owen, who was one of Wallace's early idols, the physicists William Crookes and Lord Rayleigh, the mathematician Augustus De Morgan, and the Scottish publisher Robert Chambers.
Wallace's very public advocacy of spiritualism and his repeated defence of spiritualist mediums against allegations of fraud in the 1870s damaged his scientific reputation. It strained his relationships with previously-friendly scientists such as Henry Bates, Thomas Huxley, and even Darwin, who felt he was overly-credulous. Others, such as the physiologist William Benjamin Carpenter and zoologist E. Ray Lankester became openly and publicly hostile to Wallace over the issue. Wallace and other scientists who defended spiritualism, notably William Crookes, were subject to much criticism from the press, with The Lancet as the leading English medical journal of the time being particularly harsh. The controversy affected the public perception of Wallace's work for the rest of his career. When, in 1879, Darwin first tried to rally support among naturalists to get a civil pension awarded to Wallace, Joseph Hooker responded:
Wallace has lost caste considerably, not only by his adhesion to Spiritualism, but by the fact of his having deliberately and against the whole voice of the committee of his section of the British Association, brought about a discussion of on Spiritualism at one of its sectional meetings. That he is said to have done so in an underhanded manner, and I well remember the indignation it gave rise to in the B.A. Council.
Hooker eventually relented and agreed to support the pension request.
In 1872, at the urging of many of his friends, including Darwin, Philip Sclater, and Alfred Newton, Wallace began research for a general review of the geographic distribution of animals. He was unable to make much progress initially, in part because classification systems for many types of animals were in flux at the time. He resumed the work in earnest in 1874 after the publication of a number of new works on classification. Extending the bird system developed by Sclater — which divided the earth into 6 separate geographic regions for describing species distribution — to cover mammals, reptiles and insects as well, Wallace created the basis for the zoogeographic regions still in use today. He discussed all of the factors then known to influence the current and past geographic distribution of animals within each geographical region. These included the effects of the appearance and disappearance of land bridges (such as the one currently connecting North America and South America) and the effects of periods of increased glaciation. He provided maps that displayed factors, such as elevation of mountains, depths of oceans, and the character of regional vegetation, that affected the distribution of animals. He also summarized all the known families and genera of the higher animals and listed their known geographic distributions. The text was organized so that it would be easy for a traveler to learn what animals could be found in a particular location. The resulting two-volume work, The Geographical Distribution of Animals, was published in 1876 and would serve as the definitive text on zoogeography for the next 80 years.
In 1880, Wallace published the book Island Life as a sequel to The Geographical Distribution of Animals. It surveyed the distribution of both animal and plant species on islands. Wallace classified islands into three different types. Oceanic islands, such as the Galapagos and Hawaiian Islands (then known as the Sandwich Islands) formed in mid-ocean and had never been part of any large continent. Such islands were characterized by a complete lack of terrestrial mammals and amphibians, and their inhabitants (with the exceptions of migratory birds and species introduced by human activity) were typically the result of accidental colonization and subsequent evolution. He divided continental islands into two separate classes depending on whether they had recently been part of a continent (like Britain) or much less recently (like Madagascar) and discussed how that difference affected the flora and fauna. He talked about how isolation affected evolution and how that could result in the preservation of classes of animals, such as the lemurs of Madagascar that were remnants of once widespread continental faunas. He extensively discussed how changes of climate, particularly periods of increased glaciation, may have affected the distribution of flora and fauna on some islands, and the first portion of the book discusses possible causes of these great ice ages. Island Life was considered a very important work at the time of its publication. It was discussed extensively in scientific circles both in published reviews and in private correspondence.
…yet the general aspect of the island is now so barren and forbidding that some persons find it difficult to believe that it was once all green and fertile. The cause of this change is, however, very easily explained. The rich soil formed by decomposed volcanic rock and vegetable deposits could only be retained on the steep slopes so long as it was protected by the vegetation to which it in great part owed its origin. When this was destroyed, the heavy tropical rains soon washed away the soil, and has left a vast expanse of bare rock or sterile clay. This irreparable destruction was caused, in the first place, by goats, which were introduced by the Portuguese in 1513, and increased so rapidly that in 1588 they existed in the thousands. These animals are the greatest of all foes to trees, because they eat off the young seedlings, and thus prevent the natural restoration of the forest. They were, however, aided by the reckless waste of man. The East India Company took possession of the island in 1651, and about the year 1700 it began to be seen that the forests were fast diminishing, and required some protection. Two of the native trees, redwood and ebony, were good for tanning, and, to save trouble, the bark was wastefully stripped from the trunks only, the remainder being left to rot; while in 1709 a large quantity of the rapidly disappearing ebony was used to burn lime for building fortifications!
A more comprehensive list of Wallace's publications that are available online, as well as a full bibliography of all of Wallace's writings, has been compiled by the historian Charles H. Smith at the The Alfred Russel Wallace Page