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A More Perfect Union: Congress and the Civil War I
The issue of slavery permeated debate in Congress from the founding of the country through the mid-nineteenth century. The failure to resolve differences between states on the issue of slavery led to the Civil War. To manage both the war effort and its consequences, Congress crafted new legislation that addressed a changing nation.
For more than two hundred years, the Capitol has been the place where representatives of the American people have debated how best to achieve the nation's ideals. This exhibit displays some of our most important documents to illustrate the role of Congress in defining and helping to realize national goals and aspirations.
The aspirations of unity, freedom, common defense, general welfare, knowledge, and exploration all derive from the Constitution. The Preamble declares that the highest goals of the government are "to form a more perfect Union," and to provide for "common defense," "general Welfare," and the "Blessings of Liberty." Article I gives Congress the power to promote "Science and useful Arts," which has resulted in congressional support of knowledge and exploration. The meaning of liberty is further defined in the Bill of Rights, the first 10 amendments to the Constitution, which guarantee specific freedoms.
E pluribus unum—Out of many, one—expresses the ideal of our Union: many states, one nation. Representing all of the states, Congress has promoted national unity through a process of inquiry, debate, compromise, and consensus. These documents record the continuing legislative efforts to meet the broadest needs of the people.
Last Chance for Compromise
As the volatile issue of slavery's expansion grew increasingly divisive, Congress struggled with legislation to preserve the Union. In 1860 Kentucky Senator John Crittenden proposed a return to ideas of the Missouri Compromise, suggesting a fixed boundary between free and slaveholding territories to extend to the Pacific. In 1861 Ohio Representative Thomas Corwin proposed a constitutional amendment prohibiting federal interference with slavery in the states. Congress rejected Crittenden's Compromise, and the states did not ratify the Corwin amendment. Congress was not able to prevent Southern secession and war.
The National Anthem
During the War of 1812, Francis Scott Key wrote a poem, "The Defense of Fort McHenry," to express his relief and joy at seeing the American flag still flying over the Baltimore fort after a night of bombardment by the British. He published his poem as a broadside, suggesting that it be sung to a popular British melody. Renamed "The Star Spangled Banner," it became a patriotic song of the Union during the Civil War, and in 1931 Congress recognized it as the national anthem.
The First Census - 2
The United States Constitution requires the federal government to count the inhabitants of each state every ten years as the basis for taxation and congressional representation. Congress authorized the first census in 1790—it counted every free person and all indentured servants, but excluded Indians who were not taxed and tallied only three-fifths of enslaved persons, who were not considered citizens. After the Civil War, the Fourteenth Amendment recognized formerly enslaved persons as citizens to be fully counted.
John Binns' Engraving of the Declaration of Independence, 1819
Few copies of the Declaration of Independence were circulated in 1776, but numerous ceremonial copies were published in the surge of patriotism following the War of 1812. This one exactly copied the signers' signatures, but added the seals of the 13 original states and portraits of George Washington, John Hancock and Thomas Jefferson.
Records of the U.S. Senate, National Archives and Records Administration
Mary Katharine Goddard's Broadside of the Declaration of Independence, 1777
Congress authorized Goddard to produce this copy of the Declaration of Independence. It was the first typeset copy to include the names of signers who attested, ". . . for the support of this Declaration, with a firm Reliance on the Protection of DIVINE PROVIDENCE, we mutually pledge to each other our Lives, our Fortunes, and our sacred Honour."
Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress
Petition of 106 members of Union Fire Company No. 1, Lancaster, Pennsylvania, February 6, 1861
One of the nation's oldest volunteer fire companies petitioned Congress with this watercolor of the American flag. Likening a civil war to devouring flames, the firefighters implored Congress to pass the Crittenden Compromise or similar legislation to preserve national peace and unity. In the petition they declared their devotion to the welfare of their fellow citizens.
Records of the U.S. Senate, National Archives and Records Administration
Conference committee report on the Missouri Compromise, March 1, 1820
When Missouri, which allowed slavery, applied for statehood in 1819, Congress struggled for a way to maintain the Union despite strongly opposing pro-slavery and antislavery constituencies. After heated debate, Congress adopted the Missouri Compromise, which admitted Maine as a free state to balance Missouri and prohibited slavery north of the 36º 30´ latitude in the Louisiana Territory.
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And be it further enacted, That in all that Territory…which lies north of thirty six degrees and thirty minutes north latitude…Slavery and involuntary Servitude otherwise than in punishment of Crimes whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall be and is hereby forever prohibited.
Records of the Joint Committees of Congress, National Archives and Records Administration
The Hartford Convention or Leap No Leap, etching by William Charles, ca. 1814
A satirical print depicted Federalist Timothy Pickering, a radical secessionist, praying for Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island to "make the leap" of leaving the Union, while King George III of Great Britain tempted them with trade benefits.
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[Rhode Island]
Poor little I, what will become of me? this leap is of a frightful size—I sink into despondency—
I cannot Brother Mass; let me pray and fast some time longer—little Rhode will jump the first.
What a dangerous leap!!! but we must jump Brother Conn—
Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress
Bombardment of Fort McHenry, oil on canvas by Alfred Jacob Miller, ca. 1828-1830
After witnessing the British bombard Fort McHenry, Baltimore, through the night of September 13, 1814, Francis Scott Key wrote a poem of joy that the American flag was still flying at dawn. Set to a British melody, Key's poem "The Star Spangled Banner" became a popular patriotic song.
Courtesy of the Maryland Historical Society, 1901.2.3
The Fugitive Slave Law, n.d. ca. 1850
Under the Fugitive Slave Law, Congress supported slaveholders' rights to recover escaped slaves. The law authorized federal commissioners to arrest and return fugitives solely on the basis of a claim by the purported owner, without testimony or trial. The law fined or imprisoned citizens who aided runaways, and it did not protect free blacks wrongly arrested.
Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress
John C. Calhoun's Speech to the Senate, March 4, 1850
Too ill to stand, Senator John C. Calhoun of South Carolina asked Senator James Murray Mason of Virginia to read his speech. In it, Calhoun accused the North of endangering the Union by forcing the Southern states to abandon their rights in new territories. Calhoun died before the compromise was settled.
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The prospect then is, that the two sections in the Senate, should the efforts of some made to exclude the South from the newly conquered territories succeed, will stand before the end of the decade 20 Northern States to 12 Southern . . . [upsetting] the equilibrium which existed when the government commenced
Manuscript Division, Library of Congress
Practical Illustration of the Fugitive Slave Law, 1851
The new Fugitive Slave Law, far stricter than previous legislation, pleased Southern slaveholders and outraged Northern abolitionists. It authorized federal agents to arrest and return anyone identified as an escaped slave. In this illustration, abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison defends an African American woman against a slave catcher and Senator Daniel Webster of Massachusetts, who championed the law.
Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress
James Madison's "Vices of the Political System of the U.S.," April 1787
While a delegate to the Confederation Congress, Madison pointed out the drawbacks of the government created under the Articles of Confederation, laid out the deficiencies of state governments and emphasized the need for a stronger federal government. Madison listed the problems, or vices, on the left and his observations on the right. The observations became part of the Virginia Plan.
Manuscript Division, Library of Congress
Thomas Jefferson's Drafts and Notes on the Virginia Constitution, June 1776
In drafting the Virginia Constitution, Thomas Jefferson, George Mason and James Madison expressed key ideas about the balance of power and the structure of government that were later incorporated into the U.S. Constitution. Among them were a bicameral legislature and three branches of government, each with their own functions.
Manuscript Division, Library of Congress
H.R. 123, Third Reconstruction Act, July 8, 1867
The Third Reconstruction Act clarified the language and "true intent" of the First and Second Reconstruction Acts. These acts divided the former Confederate states into five military districts, required new state constitutions that recognized voting rights of black men, and demanded state ratification of the 14th Amendment—which guaranteed civil rights for all citizens—before readmission to the Union.
Records of the U.S. House of Representatives, National Archives and Records Administration
William F. Paterson's draft resolutions from the Constitutional Convention, June 13-15, 1787
William F. Paterson of New Jersey presented to the Constitutional Convention a list of resolutions favoring the smaller states. The plan called for congressional representation allotted equally among the states, irrespective of their populations. He also favored three branches of government–legislative, executive, and judicial–and proposed that all legislative authority rest with Congress.
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Resolved, That every State In the Union as a State possesses an equal Right to, & Share of, Sovereignty, Freedom, and Independence.
Manuscript Division, Library of Congress
Articles of Confederation with handwritten annotations, April-November 1777
The Continental Congress adopted the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union on November 15, 1777, and it was approved by all thirteen states by 1781. Under the Articles, states delegated minimal authority to a national assembly to conduct war and diplomacy, but reserved most other powers, including raising revenue, to themselves.
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The said States hereby severally enter into a firm league of friendship….binding themselves to assist each other against all force offered to or attacks made upon them…on account of religion, sovereignty, trade, or any other pretence whatever.
Records of the Continental and Confederation Congresses and the Constitutional Convention, National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, D.C.
Conference Committee Report on the Missouri Compromise, March 1, 1820
When Missouri, which allowed slavery, applied for statehood in 1819 Congress struggled for a way to maintain the Union despite strongly opposing pro- and anti-slavery constituencies. After heated debate, Congress adopted the Missouri Compromise, which admitted Maine as a free state to balance Missouri and prohibited slavery north of the 36º 30´ latitude in the Louisiana Territory.
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…in all that Territory…under the name of Louisiana, which lies north of thirty six degrees and thirty minutes north latitude…Slavery and involuntary Servitude…shall be and is hereby forever prohibited.
Records of Joint Committees of Congress, National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, D.C.
Thomas Jefferson's notes on drafting the Declaration of Independence. June 1776
Jefferson labored more than two weeks drafting the Declaration of Independence to justify and explain to the world America's reasons for renouncing British rule. In these notes sent to James Madison, Jefferson uses language that appeared in the final version of the Declaration, enumerating the abuses of liberty by King George III that provoked the separation.
Manuscript Division, Library of Congress
Proclamation to the residents of the Province of Louisiana, December 20, 1803
In this proclamation William Claiborne, Territorial Governor of Mississippi, announced that "Louisiana" was now part of the Union and promised that the U.S. government would protect residents' rights to liberty, property, and religion. His proclamation was issued in English, French, and Spanish. Claiborne later became the first governor of the Orleans Territory.
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…all the military, civil and judicial powers…shall be exercised…for the maintaining and protecting the inhabitants of Louisiana, in the free enjoyment of their liberty, property and religion…
Records of the U.S. House of Representatives, National Archives and Records Administration
State Census Schedule, Pennsylvania, 1790 and 1800
State marshals compiled census figures, posted them publicly, and submitted them to the president of the United States. Pennsylvania's census report for 1790 and 1800 enumerated free white males over and under sixteen years of age, free white females, other free persons, and slaves.
Manuscript Division, Library of Congress
Portrait of Jefferson Davis, McClee's Gallery of Photographic Portraits of the Senators, Representatives, and Delegates of the 35th Congress, 1859
Senator Jefferson Davis of Mississippi, who had served as a Representative and as the U.S. Secretary of War (1853-1857), was one of five senators to withdraw from Congress on January 21, 1861. In a moving farewell speech, he said he carried "no hostile remembrance." On February 9, Jefferson was elected provisional President of the Confederacy.
Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress
Wilmot Proviso (Amendment to HR 534, 29th Congress), August 8, 1846
Representative David Wilmot proposed the controversial amendment to the appropriations bill ending the Mexican War. Known as the Wilmot Proviso, his amendment would have prohibited slavery in any territory acquired from Mexico. Passed by the House, but not by the Senate—where southern opposition was stronger—the proviso intensified the sectionalism that precipitated the Civil War.
Records of the U.S. House of Representatives, National Archives and Records Administration
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Provided that, as an express and fundamental condition to the acquisition of any territory from the Republic of Mexico, by the United States,… neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall ever exist in any part of said territory
H. R. 40, Naturalization Bill, March 4, 1790
This 1790 act set the new nation's naturalization procedures. It limited access to U.S. citizenship to white immigrants—in effect, to people from Western Europe—who had resided in the U.S. at least two years and their children under 21 years of age. It also granted citizenship to children born abroad to U.S. citizens.
Records of the U.S. Senate, National Archives and Records Administration
Petition from citizens of Pennsylvania against slavery in the territories, February 7, 1854
When Congress debated the Kansas-Nebraska bill, leading citizens of Chester County, Pennsylvania, petitioned against the repeal of the Missouri Compromise. As abolitionists, they opposed any change that would extend slavery. One signer, William Darlington, served in Congress during passage of the Missouri Compromise in 1820.
Records of the U.S. House of Representatives, National Archives and Records Administration
Letter from Billy Gobitas to Minersville, Pennsylvania, school directors, November 5, 1935
In 1935 a Pennsylvania public school expelled 10-year-old Billy Gobitas for refusing to salute the American flag. His letter to the school board explained that as a Jehovah's Witness he believed pledging allegiance to the flag violated his commitment to God. In 1943 the Supreme Court upheld the right not to recite the pledge on religious principle.
I do not salute the flag because I have promised to do the will of God. That means that I must not worship anything out of harmony with God's law.
Manuscript Division, Library of Congress
General Map of the United States, by Henry D. Rogers, 1857
A map published nearly forty years after the Missouri Compromise distinguished free states (dark green) and free territories (light green) from slave-importing (light red) and slave-exporting (dark red) states.
Geography and Map Division, Library of Congress
The Proceedings of a Convention of Delegates…at Hartford, in the State of Connecticut, December 15, 1814, by the Hartford Convention, 1815
Though the Federalist Party stood for a strong national government, the loss of commerce and high costs of the War of 1812 led many Federalists in New England to call for greater state sovereignty. Discussing their grievances at the Hartford Convention, 26 delegates from five states rejected secession but drafted seven constitutional amendments to strengthen states' rights.
General Collections, Library of Congress
Telegram from the mayor of Baltimore in favor of officially recognizing the "Star-Spangled Banner" as the National Anthem, January 1, 1930
In 1930, when the House Judiciary Committee held hearings on the bill introduced by Representative John Linthicum of Maryland to make "The Star-Spangled Banner" the national anthem, the mayor of Baltimore telegraphed his support. Letters and telegrams from 25 governors and petitions signed by more than five million citizens urged Congress to approve the bill.
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The anthem written under such stirring circumstances as the bombardment of Fort McHenry has been the inspiration of our fighting forces and civilians ever since its inception.
Records of the U.S. House of Representatives, National Archives and Records Administration
S. 226, A bill to suppress the slave trade in the District of Columbia, September 3, 1850
This bill, passed by Congress on September 20, 1850, ended slave trading in Washington, D.C., a notorious slave market. It outlawed the transport of persons into the District for sale and liberated enslaved individuals brought into the city for that purpose. Slavery in the District continued, however, until Congress passed the D.C. Emancipation Act in 1862.
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It shall not be lawful to bring into the District of Columbia any slave whatever, for the purpose of being sold.
Records of the United States Senate, National Archives and Records Administration
Daniel Webster's Notes for the "Seventh of March" Speech, 1850
In one of the most controversial speeches ever delivered in Congress, Senator Daniel Webster of Massachusetts risked his reputation and career by urging compromise on issues related to slavery in order to preserve the Union. His eloquent plea was persuasive in effecting passage of the compromise measures, including the Fugitive Slave Law, but it angered his antislavery constituents.
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I speak, today, for the "Union" Manuscript Division, Library of Congress
Petition from Dover, New Hampshire, asking for the abolition of slavery and slave traffic in the District of Columbia, February 14, 1850
These women of Dover were among the many citizens who petitioned Congress to abolish slavery and slave trading in the District of Columbia—a federal area under congressional control—and to prohibit interstate commerce in slaves, over which Congress had constitutional authority. The Compromise of 1850 ended the slave trade—but not slavery––in Washington, D.C.
Records of the U.S. Senate, National Archives and Records Administration
Virginia Plan, as Amended, June 13, 1787
The Virginia Plan was so named because it was written primarily by James Madison and introduced to the Constitutional Convention by Edmund Randolph, both Virginians. The resolution provided for three branches of a national government and laid the foundation for what would become the United States Constitution.
Records of the Continental Congress and the Constitutional Convention, National Archives and Records Administration
Printed Draft of the U.S. Constitution by the Committee on Revision of Style and Arrangement, September 13, 1787
The 1787 convention printed only two drafts of the Constitution for discussion. This second draft replaced a list of states with the phrase "We the People of the United States," emphasizing that the national government represented the people rather than a coalition of states. This rare copy belonged to New Jersey delegate David Brearley.
Records of the Continental and Confederation Congresses and the Constitutional Convention, National Archives and Records Administration
President Andrew Johnson's Veto of the Third Reconstruction Act, July 19, 1867
President Andrew Johnson took a lenient approach to restoring the rebel states to the Union. Radical Republicans in Congress did not believe Johnson's plans adequately protected the rights of freedmen and implemented their own Reconstruction measures. Johnson stubbornly resisted all congressional proposals and vetoed every Reconstruction bill Congress passed.
Records of the U.S. House of Representatives, National Archives and Records Administration
William F. Paterson's notes on debates in the Federal Convention (regarding smaller and larger states), ca. June 1787
William Paterson's notes on the Constitutional Convention record remarks of other delegates about the imbalance of power in a union of large and small states. Patterson noted that James Madison of Virginia mentioned the interests of the smaller states and Pennsylvania's Gouverneur Morris believed the larger states would overpower the smaller ones.
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The strongest Party will make the weaker Traitors and hang them
Manuscript Division, Library of Congress
James Madison, "Ancient & Modern Confederacies" (Notes on Government), May 1787
To prepare for the Constitutional Convention of 1787, James Madison studied the strengths and weaknesses of ancient and contemporary confederations. Surveying the political systems of ancient Greece, the Roman Empire, the Swiss Confederation, and the Netherlands, Madison sought models to improve upon the Articles of Confederation. His research contributed significantly to a stronger Union under the U.S. Constitution.
Manuscript Division, Library of Congress
Letter from Thomas Jefferson to John Holmes, April 22, 1820
In this foreboding letter, former president Thomas Jefferson warned Representative John Holmes that the alarming issue of slavery could not be staved off forever. In words foreshadowing the Civil War, Jefferson predicted the issue once loosed would ignite the nation in violence and destruction.
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…this momentous question, like a fire bell in the night, awakened and filled me with terror. I considered it at once as the knell of the Union.
Manuscript Division, Library of Congress
Letter from John Sibley to unnamed recipient, August 15, 1804
John Sibley, a physician and newspaperman, moved to Louisiana in 1802. He corresponded with Thomas Jefferson on territorial issues and served as an Army contractor and Indian agent. Sibley recorded the concerns expressed by French-speaking people upon learning that Louisiana was to become part of the United States.
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"My room has been crowded almost every day since I received governor Claiborne's letter; some having heard the report, and wishing to learn the truth of it; others to obtain some knowledge of the American government, under which they expect soon to pass."
Manuscript Division, Library of Congress
Portrait of Jabez Lamar Monroe Curry, McClee's Gallery of Photographic Portraits of the Senators, Representatives, and Delegates of the 35th Congress, 1859
Representative Jabez L.M. Curry of Alabama served in the 36th and 37th U.S. Congresses (1857–1861) before withdrawing to join the Confederacy. During the Civil War he served in the Confederate Congress and as a Confederate Calvary officer. After the war Curry had a career as an educator and served as U.S. Envoy and later Ambassador Extraordinary to Spain.
Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress
Map of the United States including Western Territories, December, 1848
This map, which accompanied President James K. Polk's last annual message to Congress in December 1848, shows the more than half-million square miles the United States gained from the Mexican War. The Wilmot Proviso would have prohibited slavery in the territories of California, New Mexico, and Texas—an area that now encompasses all or parts of eight states.
Records of the U.S. House of Representatives, National Archives and Records Administration
"To All Aliens," Mayor's Committee on National Defense, 1917
This World War I era poster in six languages—English, German, Hungarian, Slovak, Yiddish and Italian—urged European immigrants to seek information about learning English and becoming U.S. citizens. As wars and other international events affected immigration, the United States gradually expanded opportunities for citizenship while encouraging assimilation, including learning "the American language," English.
Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress
"Union is Strength: Free State Convention!" Kansas Free State Print, 1855
This announcement urged those who opposed slavery to unite to make Kansas a free state. It warned that pro-slavery forces in Kansas were already "fully and effectually organized." Each side proceeded to elect its own territorial government, but Congress refused to recognize either one. Kansas finally entered the Union in 1861 as a free state.
Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress
H. J. Res. 243, Joint Resolution to amend the pledge of allegiance to the flag of the United States of America, June 7,1954
Francis Bellamy wrote the Pledge of Allegiance for an 1892 Columbus Day school celebration coinciding with the Chicago World's Fair. Congress recognized an amended version of Bellamy's words as the official national pledge in 1942 legislation on U.S. flag protocols. In 1954 Congress added the words "under God."
Records of the U.S. House of Representatives, National Archives and Records Administration
Resolution of the Legislature of Connecticut proposing amendments to the Constitution of the United States, introduced February 28, 1815
The Hartford Convention submitted to Congress resolutions for seven amendments to the Constitution. They proposed to diminish the influence of slaveholding states in the legislature, limit federal restrictions on foreign trade and shipping, and set stricter conditions for declaring war or holding national office. Both houses of Congress read the resolutions but took no other action on them.
Records of the U.S. Senate, National Archives and Records Administration
H.R. 14, An Act to make The Star-Spangled Banner the national anthem of the United States of America, April 21, 1930
In April 1930 the House of Representatives passed the bill introduced by Representative John Linthicum of Maryland to make "The Star-Spangled Banner" the nation's anthem. Despite critics who disliked the melody or felt the law unnecessary, the Senate passed the bill the following year, and President Herbert Hoover signed it into law on March 3, 1931.
Records of the U.S. Senate, National Archives and Records Administration
Where's My Thunder? lithograph by anonymous artist, 1850
In a satirical print, Senator Daniel Webster of Massachusetts "steals the thunder" from Senator Henry Clay of Kentucky by taking the Fugitive Slave Act from Clay's pocket. Though Clay proposed the measures that formed the Compromise of 1850, it was Webster's stirring defense of the compromise that moved Congress to action and lingered in the national memory.
Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress
Protest of certain Senators against the bill for the admission of California into the Union, August 14, 1850
In 1849 California adopted a constitution banning slavery and applied for admission to the United States. Ten Southern senators protested, insisting that California's statehood would violate the rights of slaveholding states to "equal enjoyment of the territory of the Union." The senators predicted the Union's dissolution.
Records of the U.S. Senate, National Archives and Records Administration
Message from House of Representatives Overriding President Andrew Johnson's Veto of the Third Reconstruction Act, July 19, 1867
Congressional mistrust of President Johnson's power and motives helped mobilize the votes needed to override his veto of the Third Reconstruction Act. In overriding the President, Congress asserted its authority to determine the process of reunification and to protect the rights of freedmen.
Records of the U.S. House of Representatives, National Archives and Records Administration
Map of "Louisiana" by Samuel Lewis, from New and Elegant General Atlas… Philadelphia, 1804
Samuel Lewis, a Philadelphia cartographer, created this 1804 map of the Louisiana Territory. Lewis had previously produced authoritative maps of the original thirteen states and the Northwest Territory. Later he incorporated information from the Lewis and Clark expedition into U.S. maps detailing previously uncharted areas of the West.
Geography and Map Division, Library of Congress
The Federalist. Vol. 1, 1788. First edition
To win support for the new Constitution after the 1787 Convention, Alexander Hamilton orchestrated a series of newspaper essays. Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison wrote them under a common pen name, "Publius." In 1788, the 85 essays were republished in two volumes as The Federalist Papers. Thomas Jefferson acquired this volume once owned by Hamilton's wife, Elizabeth.
Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress
Stephen Douglas's amendment to S. 22, Senate version of the Kansas-Nebraska Act, February 15, 1854
The Kansas-Nebraska Act was a major step leading to the Civil War. It overthrew the Missouri Compromise and gave the residents of new territories the power to decide whether to allow slavery. It more firmly wed slavery with states' rights and created uncertainty about the extent of slavery in the western territories.
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…it being the true intent and meaning of this act not to legislate slavery into any Territory or State, nor to exclude it there from, but to leave the people thereof perfectly free to form and regulate their domestic institutions in their own way…
Records of the U.S. Senate, National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, D.C.
Senate resolution declaring the seats of seceding senators to be vacant, March 14, 1861
After Senator Jefferson Davis of Mississippi and other senators representing South Carolina, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, and Mississippi announced their withdrawal, the Senate debated how to define their absence without officially acknowledging the act of secession. In March 1861 the Senate declared those seats vacant. Later, the Senate formally expelled other members who withdrew.
Records of the U.S. Senate, National Archives and Records Administration
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Whereas the seats . . . as members of the Senate have become vacant, therefore resolved that the Secretary be directed to omit their names respectively from the roll
"Liberty, The Fair Maid of Kansas, in the Hands of the Border Ruffians," attributed to artist John L. Magee, 1856
This 1856 election-period cartoon blames the violence provoked by the Kansas-Nebraska Act on the Democratic Party, including Senator Stephen Douglas, who introduced the Kansas-Nebraska bill; incumbent President Franklin Pierce, who supported it; Pierce's advisors Secretary of State William Marcy and Senator Lewis Cass; and the Democrats' new presidential candidate, James Buchanan.
Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress
"Old Glory," K. R. Thompson, 1968
The U.S. Flag Code states that citizens should pledge allegiance with the right hand over the heart or with a military salute while facing the flag. The House of Representatives has opened each day's session with the Pledge of Allegiance since 1988, and the Senate has done so since 1999.
Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress
Hartford Convention Candidate, detail from a Democratic-Republican campaign handbill, 1816
A campaign handbill supporting Democratic-Republican presidential candidate James Monroe depicted a Federalist candidate as a pro-British devil mounting the platform of the Hartford Convention.
Florida Center for Instructional Technology Freedom
John Charles Linthicum, oil on canvas by Thomas Cromwell Corner, 1932
Representative John Linthicum of Maryland was born near Baltimore. He served in Congress from 1911 to 1932, becoming chair of the House Committee on Foreign Affairs in 1931.
Collection of the U.S. House of Representatives
The Compromise of 1850 as Introduced by Senator Henry Clay, January 29, 1850
To preserve the Union, Clay's compromise proposed to bring California into the Union as a free state; allow the New Mexico Territory to decide the slavery issue for itself; and retain slavery in the District of Columbia but abolish its slave trade. It would also enact a stronger fugitive slave law (requiring free states to return escaped slaves to their owners), and settle the Texas boundary and debt issues. These provisions later passed as separate measures.
Records of the U.S. Senate, National Archives and Records Administration
Thomas Jefferson's notes on Indian tribes and populations in Louisiana, 1803
Jefferson sought eye-witness information about the diverse peoples and regions of the newly acquired Louisiana territory. Here he made notes about the size and characteristics of Indian nations based on the journal of Jean Baptiste Truteau, who encountered many Native Americans in his exploration up the Missouri River in 1794.
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The crow nation inhabit near the Rock mountain. The Sioux their neighbors & very powerful, abounding in firearms…
Manuscript Division, Library of Congress
Senate seating chart, Congressional Directory, 37th Congress, 3rd session, 1863
During the Civil War, the Senate lost 25 members by withdrawal, expulsion, or failure to appear; the House lost more than 60. This 1863 Senate chart shows 49 seats occupied, including one by a Unionist replacement from Virginia. Over time, numbers varied with shifting allegiances of Virginia, Tennessee, Kentucky, and Missouri and the addition of two new states.
Records of the U.S. Senate, National Archives and Records Administration
"The Star-Spangled Banner", original manuscript by Francis Scott Key, ca. September 15, 1814
After an anxious night during the British attack on Fort McHenry, Francis Scott Key wrote a victory poem celebrating the Americans' resistance. Originally titled "The Defense of Fort McHenry," it was renamed when published as a song.
Courtesy of the Maryland Historical Society, 54315
Senator John C. Calhoun's Speech to the Senate, March 4, 1850
Calhoun asked for a constitutional amendment to protect the South's sovereignty and sought a way to keep the Southern states in the Union "consistent with their honor and safety." Calhoun, who died within the month, was too ill to deliver the speech. It was read by Senator James M. Mason.
Manuscript Division, Library of Congress
Credentials of Jabez Lamar Monroe Curry of Alabama, February 10, 1861
The Confederate government, hastily organized, depended heavily on the experience of former members of the United States Congress. U.S. Representative Jabez L.M. Curry, who represented Alabama in the 35th and 36th Congresses (1857–1861) before withdrawing, used a prior certificate of election—with handwritten changes—as his credentials for the Congress of the Confederate States.
Records of the War Department, National Archives and Records Administration
this 10 day of Feby. in the year of our Lord One Thousand Eight Hundred and 62 and of the Independence of the United Confederate States of America, the Eighty First
Daniel Webster's Notes for a Speech to the Senate, March 7, 1850
"In reply to Calhoun and speaking only from notes, Webster delivered one of the most famous addresses in the history of the Senate. Beginning with the immortal phrase, 'Mr. President, I wish to speak today, not as a Massachusetts man, nor as a Northern man, but as an American, and a member of the Senate of the United States. . . . I speak for the preservation of the Union. Hear me for my cause,' he argued that Southern secession would bring war. His statesmanly support of Clay's compromise, however, alienated the large antislavery constituency in his home state."
Manuscript Division, Library of Congress
Henry Clay's handwritten resolutions proposing the Compromise of 1850, January 29, 1850
Senator Henry Clay of Kentucky prefaced his compromise resolutions by stating that they were intended as a peaceful and equitable settlement of all existing controversies among the states over the institution of slavery. Though Clay's initial proposals and subsequent omnibus bill failed, Senator Stephen Douglas of Illinois moved Clay's separate resolutions through both houses of Congress.
"It being desirable, for the peace, concord and harmony of the Union of these States, to settle and adjust amicably all existing questions of controversy between them, arising out of the institution of slavery, upon a fair, equitable and just basis . . ."
Records of the U.S. Senate, National Archives and Records Administration
Senate report of the Committee of Thirteen offering Henry Clay's compromises on the extension of slavery, May 8, 1850
The Senate appointed a select Committee of Thirteen, with Senator Henry Clay of Kentucky as chair, to report on Clay's compromise resolutions. Clay's committee report sought to balance the conflicting interests of Northern and Southern states regarding the volatile issue of slavery, which threatened to disrupt the Union.
Records of the U.S. Senate, National Archives and Records Administration
First Constitution of California, 1849
In 1849 California adopted a constitution banning slavery and applied for admission to the United States. To balance California's entry into the Union as a free state, the Compromise of 1850 included other measures—such as a stricter law on the return of fugitive slaves—that appeased the South.
"...Neither Slavery nor involuntary Servitude, unless for the punishment of crimes, shall ever be tolerated in this State."
Records of the U.S. Senate, National Archives and Records Administration
Henry Clay's resolutions proposing the Compromise of 1850, January 29, 1850
The eight resolutions of the Compromise of 1850 addressed unresolved questions related to slavery, balancing the interests of the antislavery North with those of the slaveholding South. The first four resolutions covered issues in western territories. The others concerned slavery and the slave trade in Washington, D.C., the return of fugitive slaves, and rights of slaveholding states.
Records of the U.S. Senate, National Archives and Records Administration
S. 225, Omnibus Bill and amendments relating to slavery in the territories, endorsement page, May 8–July 30, 1850
On May 8, 1850, Senator Henry Clay of Kentucky presented the select committee's proposals, consolidating the resolutions into a single bill called an "omnibus"—the term for a large vehicle that carried diverse passengers. On this page, a clerk tracked the bill through numerous Senate debates, from its first reading in May to its collapse in July.
Records of the U.S. Senate, National Archives and Records Administration
"Admission of California," Remarks of Mr. [Lewis] Cass of Michigan in reply to . . . Mr. Berrien, of Georgia, August 12, 1850
In debating the admission of California to the Union as a free state, Senator Lewis Cass of Michigan argued that Congress did not have unlimited constitutional power over the territories. He believed residents of California had the sovereign right to choose not to allow slavery within its borders.
General Collections, Library of Congress
Senator Henry Clay's Speech to the Senate on the Compromise Report, May 21, 1850
In response to criticism of the committee's omnibus bill of compromise measures, Senator Henry Clay of Kentucky challenged his fellow senators to offer better proposals to reconcile the conflicting interests of the North and South. Failing to win enough support to overcome Southern opposition, the controversial omnibus bill did not pass.
"[I]t is the duty of all who assail this compromise, to give us their own and a better project; to tell us how they would reconcile the interests of this country, and harmonize its distracted parts."
General Collections, Library of Congress
Newly Constructed and Improved Map of the State of California, 1851
Congress admitted California to the Union as a free state. This map, created shortly after statehood, reflects the history of the region and includes Spanish missions, gold mining camps, and American Indian settlements. For American Indians, conflicts with growing numbers of white settlers resulted in further restriction of their freedoms.
Records of the U.S. Senate, National Archives and Records Administration


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Reforma: Comité Senado empieza a aprobar enmiendas - Comments
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subset: commoncrawl


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"palpable intimacy and passion...an outstanding writer" - Sing Out!
"one of the best singer-songwriters on the planet...outstanding subtle and witty" - Duluth News Tribune
Tucked away in the Texas Hill Country, Cliff recorded these twelve tracks in the legendary Blue Rock Studio with some of the cream of Austin's music scene. Capturing the open space and creative spirit that flourishes at Blue Rock, each track swaggers with a sexiness that hovers like the Texas heat. Cliff's soulful grit and vocal prowess deliver each line with vitality and emotional depth in an album that is atmospheric and powerful. The dazzling originals that make up the backbone of the record are accentuated by solid covers including a stunning reworking of John Hiatt's "Back of My Mind" as well as a refined rendition of Cliff's 1990 classic "The Long Road." A song made richer with the insight of 20 additional life years.
Tour Schedule Biography Press Photo
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Contact Us
Recruitment and Admission
We're available to assist you through every step of your MBA experience from your first inquiry through your graduation. Now is the time to apply for admission in either Portland (September or January) or Salem (September only). Please contact us for more information.
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Phone: 503-808-9901


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Epic Loafer
Style H505282
A casual slip on loafer that that can be worn to work, traveling or for everyday, the Epic Loafer has versatility and easygoing style in hand-burnished, smooth leather uppers.
Breathable linings and foam cushioning provide comfort while the lightweight and shock absorbing Zero G® technology brings extra support. Available in a 1 and ¾ inch heel.


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So in 2005, I was just out of prison (after 9 months) and trying to be fully present to my experience for the first time in what seemed like forever. I suppose "fully present" overshoots the mark; I was fairly riven with anxiety. So many feelings--I hadn't a clue, all those years, that I'd been medicating so much discomfort (I thought I just liked to get high.) Anyway, one of the tools it was suggested I use was prayer, and the only one I could manage to remember I repeated feverishly, the one that starts: "God grant me the serenity..."
At first it was a catch-all attempt to align my thoughts in a way that would produce the calm I found so elusive. But then I started to apply the prayer to specific situations--one in particular--and something life-changing occurred.
I had moved to a small studio just near Sunset and Western in L.A., an eclectic enclave of hipsters and immigrants. After I got my dog back from the brother (who had so graciously taken him in during my stay with the state) I discovered while walking him that I lived in one of the most litter-strewn neighborhoods of the city. And it drove me nuts.
Litter is ugly. Litter is unnecessary. Litter is lazy. But what could I be more powerless over? So I prayed. "God grant me the serenity to accept the things I cannot change..."
People litter. I must accept that... "to change the things that I can"....what am I going to do, pick it up? "...and the wisdom to know the difference..." yeah, yeah, yeah, go back to that last part.
There it was. Like a pebble in my shoe, the thought I couldn't get rid of. Why, in fact, couldn't I pick it up?
Oh the internal huffiness that ensued. Why should I? What kind of message does that send? Did you ever hear about something called "accountability?" Blah,blah, blah. Can you imagine if mothers had that attitude about changing their baby's diapers? No, the real roadblock was much simpler. What would people think?
The non-litterers, I assumed, would be delighted. The litterers, perhaps shamed, perhaps contemptuous. More importantly, what did it matter? What if people thought I was--horrors--eccentric? What if they thought it was humiliating myself? What if …? Realizing I didn't have to care at all proved as valuable as a decade of psychotherapy. I had wasted enough of my life trying to manage how others perceived me. What if I stopped giving my power away like that, and just went about being the best Mark I could be?
So I went down to OSH, got an E-Z Reacher, and stuffed my cargo pants pockets with Ralph's plastic grocery bags. I identified strategically-located dumpsters, and begin to pick up trash. And I never looked back.
Almost very day for seven years I have cleaned the four blocks along my dog walking route. The effect on the environment is minimal--in essence, I move refuse from the street to the landfill. But the effect on me has been incalculable.
Every morning I when I start on my walk I am angry that new litter has replaced what I just picked up yesterday. And every morning I get to choose to stay in the problem or to step into the solution. Anger or joy. My choice.
I get to watch my dog live in the present and imitate him. He never gets impatient with all of our stops, and I get to be patient with all of his sniffs. He doesn't understand what I'm doing and he doesn't even understand that he doesn't understand. He just accepts, and never once for any reason withholds his all-encompassing unconditional love from me. And so I imitate him in my relationship with God. I accept that I can no more understand God with a human brain than my dog can understand me with a dog brain. I don't need to understand. I need only to love.
So what do people say? At first they are suspicious. I don't have an orange vest on, and I look "normal." And people who work for the city don't walk their dog at the same time. In fact, when a neighborhood denizen finally talks to me, it usually goes like this:
"Excuse me, can I ask you something?"
"What kind of dog is that?'
A few of them are genuinely curious, (he's a gorgeous Pointer/mix) but most of them don't know how to talk about what I'm doing. It's almost as if they wonder if I realize that I'm picking up trash, and don't want to embarrass me by pointing it out.
And then there are those who smile, who wave, who say really wonderful things. This delights me, for sure. But it is not why I do it.
Picking up trash has allowed me to understand that you don't start with serenity, you end with it. You have to really examine your life, and ask yourself what you are accepting that you can change; and what you are trying to change that you need to accept. You would be surprised at how much misfiling is going on -- with all of us.
I realized that if I can be kind to an inanimate object--the street--I can certainly to be kinder to real live people. There's Louise, from the Congo, to whom I give all of the cans and bottles I collect. She practically supports a household back in Brazzaville. There was Chris Z., a heroin addict who lived on a mattress on the corner. I helped him get a license and find his long-lost half-brother. I make an effort to say hello to all the homeless, and often ask their names, because its' a terribly thing to be invisible. Everyone needs to be seen.
It would be nice to go back to Europe, to travel the world. But it's amazing how far you can go within a mile of your house, just by paying attention.
I love picking up trash because it's taught me that living along spiritual lines doesn't have to happen in a church or a synagogue or a monastery. I don't have to be in the lotus position or on my knees. There needn't be any daylight between having a relationship with God and all the day-to-day practical choices we make.
God isn't over there, God is right here. God is now.
Mark blogs at The Trash Whisperer.


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Final Score: Ohio University 51, New Mexico State 24
Athens, OH (Sports Network) - Beau Blankenship ran for 168 yards and two touchdowns as the Ohio University Bobcats pulled away from the New Mexico State Aggies in the second half to win, 51-24, in non-conference action at Peden Stadium.
Tyler Tettleton completed 15-of-23 passes for 257 yards and two touchdowns for Ohio (2-0). Donte Foster was the leading receiver for the Bobcats, hauling in five receptions for 57 yards and a score.
For New Mexico State (1-1), Andrew Manley connected on just half of his pass attempts (12-of-24) for 132 yards with a touchdown and an interception. Tiger Powell rushed for 41 yards and a touchdown, while Austin Franklin led all players with 72 receiving yards.
Ohio starting the scoring off early in the first quarter when Tettleton scored on a six-yard run at the 11:09 mark to give the Bobcats a 7-0 lead.
New Mexico State tied the score on the ensuing drive on a two-yard touchdown run by Powell.
The Bobcats regained the lead with 13:42 remaining in the second quarter on a 28-yard touchdown catch by Foster from Tettleton.
Much like they did in the first quarter, the Aggies answered quickly to tie the score. A six-play, 78-yard drive culminated with a 42-yard scoring strike from Manley to Franklin, bringing the score to 14-14.
A Blankenship 33-yard rushing score midway through the second quarter put the Ohio advantage back to a touchdown, 21-14.
NMSU struck first after halftime with a 38-yard field goal from Tyler Stampler, but Ohio countered on its following drive with a 37-yard field goal from Matt Weller to keep its advantage at seven.
Ohio separated itself midway through the third quarter with two touchdowns less than 20 seconds apart to make it 38-17. First, Blankenship rushed in a touchdown from five yards out, then on the following NMSU possession, Nate Carpenter picked off a Manley pass and returned it 22 yards for a score.
Late in the third quarter, Landon Smith was on the receiving end of a 40-yard touchdown pass from Tettleton as the Bobcats extended their lead to 45-17.
The Aggies cut into that lead on the following kickoff however, with Akeelie Mustafa returning the kick 91 yards for a touchdown.
Two more Weller field goals (25, 26) in the fourth quarter put an end to the scoring.
Ohio converted 8-of-14 third down conversions, which helped mask its game-high 10 penalties.


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Posted 28 March 2013 - 20:46
Posted 28 March 2013 - 20:53
Well that's basically nonsense!
Posted 28 March 2013 - 21:05
Google basically just writes their websites to work in Chrome and doesn't care how they work in non-Chrome/non-Webkit browsers. I have quoted the relevant part of the article.
Posted 28 March 2013 - 21:21
When you have point relevant to this thread's topic, come back and try again.
Oh, you mean like Microsoft... Google isn't nearly as bad as MS when requiring their browser for a website to work correctly. I know there is EXTRA functionality in Chrome for Google Apps, but that's hardly a worthwhile argument.
Posted 28 March 2013 - 22:37
When you have point relevant to this thread's topic, come back and try again.
Posted 28 March 2013 - 22:45
Good guys... Lets not pretend google is doing this to actually be good guys and not just for PR to appear like good guys, as usual.
Posted 28 March 2013 - 22:55
Google doesnt have to do this and they have nothing to gain by doing it.
Posted 28 March 2013 - 22:58
Don't be so naive, they have everything to gain. Google have made a fortune stealing other peoples hard work and then pretending that they've done nothing wrong. This is just a meaningless fig-leaf to make them look like oood guys battling patent trolls when the reality is that they're little more than thieves.
Our pledge builds on past efforts by companies like IBM and Red Hat and the work of the Open Invention Network (of which Google is a member). It also complements our efforts on cooperative licensing, where we're working with like-minded companies to develop patent agreements that would cut down on lawsuits.
And, in addition to these industry-driven initiatives, we continue to support patent reforms that would improve patent quality and reduce excessive litigation.
We hope the OPN Pledge will provide a model for companies looking to put their own patents into the service of open-source software, which continues to enable amazing innovation.
Posted 28 March 2013 - 23:08
Google doesnt have to do this and they have nothing to gain by doing it. At least a company is trying to do something about the whole patent mess as it is obvious to anyone that something needs to be done. I dont see other companies doing this and as long as Google holds true to their word, then yes...they are the good guys in this instance. However, if they are stupid and go back on what they say, I will be the first to yell at them. And yes, there is PR behind this and their should be. Nothing wrong with drumming up a little PR. All companies do things like this. Hell, MS just did it by creating a website that has all their patents in one place and I am glad MS did that as well.
So, I am not going to call Google the bad guys here as they have not done anything to warrant it.
And Google is assuming other will sign up and even if they dont, Google will still keep this pledge. Otherwise, it would just look really bad on them and they really cannot afford the bad press ATM.
Posted 28 March 2013 - 23:12
No they're not trying to do anything about the patent system, they're just dumping patents they can't fight or defend. it's pure PR.
MS on the other hand have been fighting for a reform of the patent system and is supporting a reform, something google isn't supporting.
Why would others sign up for this. MS already has this same system in practice, except it's way more than 10 patents, and it's actual valid patents.
Posted 29 March 2013 - 00:16
So do tell me what Google has to gain from this and how what Google did is different from what Apple, Microsoft, and many others have done. And Google patent trolls? Last time I checked that was Apple but hey, things change fast I guess. If Google was the only one pulling this kind of stuff, then I would agree 110 percent with you. But this goes beyond Google and to many other companies. Also, last time I checked, it was Samsung that was doing the stealing.
And Google is assuming other will sign up and even if they dont, Google will still keep this pledge. Otherwise, it would just look really bad on them and they really cannot afford the bad press ATM.
And a little more info....


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Splish Splash
The heat wave has not let up by us, so we've been trying to get to the local pool with the kids as much as possible. I've also been making ice-cold lemonade and keeping temps down indoors with A/C and a mix of my favorite Linnea's Lights Summer-inspired White Coral, Ocean, & Sea Salt candles close at hand. Chill out at home with candles like these or for something clean & fresh, our Garden Mint candle is also a favorite. Available from Oliver's Twist.
How are you all holding up in this heat?
To buy: http://www.oliverstwistllc.com/category/Candles/c57pg


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It was. Low-Ki wrestling with that was pretty fun to watch.
I'd rather have nothing than have a lie.
Kaige Chamberlain
Ballad of an Asshole
Former RTE Tag-Team Champion(w/ Xavier Hightower[1])
Current EWNCW Tag-Team Champion (Solo; 3/30/14) [1]'Father' Black Angel:
Preacher of the Voices
Winner of BotN[Seraphim]
I'm trying to be number one, why would I settle?
@IWACreative_Parody Tweeter


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It's Tuesday afternoon and Dave, your finance manager, walks into your office with an envelope in his hand. You think, "Uh oh, he's resigning."
He indeed resigns, and the moment he leaves you grab the phone to call HR. "I need to replace Dave. Please start recruiting another finance manager, pronto!"
Down in HR, Sheila looks up the old job description, asks if you want any changes, and gets the job posted on a few job boards. Weeks go by, and as the resumes roll in, you efficiently weed out all the people who are not currently in a similar role. You're thinking, "I don't have time to train someone to do this job, I'm already weeks behind." In the interest of saving time, and because you are now understaffed and overworked, you only select the resumes that appear to be the closest fit to the job.
But you actually started wasting time the moment you called HR, because you failed to ask the right question before you hastily launched into your recruiting effort.
You began your search by looking for people who already look like your job description. You only considered your own needs and forgot to think about why someone great would want this job. (Look in a mirror Narcissus, I'm talking to you).
Managers almost always get this wrong and put far too much emphasis on finding "perfect" resumes when selecting who to interview. But recruiting professionals know that a bad resume sometimes hides a good candidate, and worse, a great resume often hides an ineffective candidate.
When Dave left your office, you should have asked yourself, "Why would a top performer want to work in Dave's job?" Everything changes by asking that one little question.


text:
Millennium Wedding™ Barbie® Doll
Barbie® doll is ready to walk down the aisle in style, wearing a strapless white bridal gown with a lace-trimmed bodice and voluminous skirt. Her sheer overskirt is stunning, trimmed with bands of white satin. Barbie® doll's faux pearl earrings and faux pearl drop necklace complement the gown perfectly. A sheer veil and long white gloves make up the finishing touches. And because no bridal ensemble would be complete without flowers, Barbie® holds a pretty floral bouquet.
Production doll may vary from the photo shown above. Mattel reserves the right to modify the fashion/fabrics, sculpt, hair color/style, and accessories. Doll cannot stand alone as shown.


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When you think of handling prowess and cornering ability, the last thing anyone thinks of is an old station wagon. But the crew at Newman Car Creations came to the 2009 Super Chevy Handling & Suspension Challenge with a shoebox wagon that would show just how well the original American SUV could be made to handle.
The Surf Green/Highland Green 210 Townsman came to the Newmans through a friend of a friend. Newman Car Creations founder/owner Paul Newman was talking to his wife's parents, and they told him about their friend Bob Krebs, who had just inherited a '57 Chevy. Bob had a week to pick the car up or it would be sold. Bob went to San Gabriel and found an unmolested and excellent condition car that hadn't been driven since 1971, showing less than 60K on the odometer.
Bob knew the '57 needed to come home with him. After filling up the old tires with fresh air, he and a friend loaded the '57 on the trailer and made the harrying trip back to Paso Robles with Bob's '65 Ford pickup pulling the trailer. Because of a transmission issue, he had to hold the shifter in second gear or it would pop out into neutral on its own. This was nerve racking when towing a trailer through curving California mountain roads.
Knowing Bob was right next to door to his in-laws, Paul and his wife Michelle had to meet him in person and see the '57. Bob was more than happy to oblige. Even though on the surface it needed a lot of scrubbing, Paul could tell the '57 was straight and virtually rust free, with all the hard to find wagon trim and glass in excellent shape. Bob asked if Paul could take the '57 to the Newman shop and get it running again.
After cleaning out the gas tank, a new fuel pump, rebuilt carb, and other basic tune-up items, the '57's original 265 (that's right, this car was one of the rare yellow painted, 2-bbl 265 equipped '57s) fired right up and ran like a top.
Since Bob had no use for the wagon, he offered it to Paul for the right price, and the car had a new home with the Newman clan. Paul still considers the '57 the best car purchase he ever made. For the first year the '57 was driven in bone stock form. After extensive driving, Paul came to two conclusions: 1) The '57 Chevys in stock form drive pretty good when the car is in top shape, with speed, braking, and cornering limitations always right there, and 2) A lot of so called "enhancement kits" hurt the car's handling more than they helped, a "clash of engineering" as Paul puts it.
After a year of evaluations, Paul and crew modified the '57's frame to accept '96 Corvette all-aluminum independent front and rear suspension. Newman offers its own custom-designed Tri-Five chassis using C4 Corvette front and rear suspension, but for a stock frame, the Newman crew removes all unnecessary bracketry, completely sand blasts the frame, then installs a new rectangular rear cross member, along with aluminum torque arm, torque arm mount, Newman Car Creations' cast aluminum cross members, late-model motor mount system, and everything necessary to install the C4's independent front and rear suspension. Once everything is set, the frame is fully powder coated for protection and an eye appealing finish.
On the course, the car was absolutely fantastic, not only to watch, but to ride in. Going around the autocross course, I got to experience just what the wagon could do. But don't take my word for it, keep on reading to see what Mary Pozzi and Jim Campisano thought about driving the grocery getter.
Driver's Impression-On the Autocross Course Whoever said that a 52-year-old grocery getter couldn't handle an autocross course couldn't have gotten it more wrong. Both of the wagons (this one and the Hotchkis Sport Suspension entry) navigated the cones with minimal fuss and absolutely no drama, which pleased me to no end. You'd never expect this type of automobile to get good marks for my part of the testing, but the Newman Car Creations Chevy wagon sealed the deal-and how!


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The agency is organized into the following major subdivisions, each focused on a major area of regulatory responsibility:
The FDA frequently works in conjunction with other Federal agencies including the Department of Agriculture, Drug Enforcement Administration, Customs and Border Protection, and Consumer Product Safety Commission. Often local and state government agencies also work in cooperation with the FDA to provide regulatory inspections and enforcement action.
FDA is also funded by user fees submitted with New Drug Applications under the Prescription Drug User Fee Act (PDUFA) in which the industry pays a fee for the review of the new product. A similar process is used for medical devices under the Medical Device User Fee and Modernization Act (MDUFMA) and for animal drugs under a similar act. These fees are typically waived or reduced for small businesses.
The programs for FDA safety regulation vary widely by the type of product, its potential risks, and the regulatory powers granted to the agency. For example, the FDA regulates almost every facet of prescription drugs, including testing, manufacturing, labeling, advertising, marketing, efficacy and safety, yet FDA regulation of cosmetics is focused primarilly on labeling and safety. The FDA regulates most products with a set of published standards enforced by a modest number of facility inspections.
CFSAN's activities include establishing and maintaining food standards, such as standards of identity (for example, what the requirements are for a product to be labeled, "yogurt"). CFSAN also sets the requirements for nutrition labeling of most foods. Both food standards and nutrition labeling requirements are part of the Code of Federal Regulations.
The Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 mandated that the FDA regulate dietary supplements as foods, rather than as drugs. Therefore, dietary supplements are not subject to safety and efficacy testing and there are no approval requirements. The FDA can take action against dietary supplements only after they are proven to be unsafe. Manufacturers of dietary supplements are permitted to make specific claims of health benefits, referred to as "structure or function claims" on the labels of these products. They may not claim to treat, diagnose, cure, or prevent disease and must include a disclaimer on the label.
Bottled water is regulated in America by the FDA. State governments also regulate bottled water. Tap water is regulated by state and local regulations, as well as the United States EPA. FDA regulations of bottled water generally follow the guidelines established by the EPA, and new EPA rules automatically apply to bottled water if the FDA does not release an explicit new rule. Water bottlers in the US are subject to inspection similar to other food firms, but quality controls for the bottled water industry are not nearly as stringent as those for municipal water supplies.
A drug that is approved is said to be "safe and effective when used as directed."
CDRH regulatory powers include the authority to require certain technical reports from the manufacturers or importers of regulated products, to require that radiation-emitting products meet mandatory safety performance standards, to declare regulated products defective, and to order the recall of defective or noncompliant products. CDRH also conducts limited amounts of direct product testing.
CVM's primary focus is on medications that are used in food animals and ensuring that they do not affect the human food supply. The FDA's requirements to prevent the spread of Mad Cow Disease are also administered by CVM through inspections of feed manufacturers.
On [December 19], 2007, the FDA announced plans to create a database to track cloned animals through the food system and enable an effective labeling process This system will be part of the National Animal Identification System, which will track all livestock in the United States from farm to fork
Wiley used these new regulatory powers to pursue an aggressive campaign against the manufacturers of foods with chemical additives, but the Chemistry Bureau's authority was soon checked by judicial decisions, as well as by the creation of the Board of Food and Drug Inspection and the Referee Board of Consulting Scientific Experts as separate organizations within the USDA in 1907 and 1908 respectively. A 1911 Supreme Court decision ruled that the 1906 act did not apply to false claims of therapeutic efficacy, in response to which a 1912 amendment added "false and fraudulent" claims of "curative or therapeutic effect" to the Act's definition of "misbranded." However, these powers continued to be narrowly defined by the courts, which set high standards for proof of fraudulent intent. In 1927, the Bureau of Chemistry's regulatory powers were reorganized under a new USDA body, the Food, Drug, and Insecticide organization. This name was shortened to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) three years later.
President Franklin Delano Roosevelt signed the new Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FD&C Act) into law on June 25, 1938. The new law significantly increased federal regulatory authority over drugs by mandating a pre-market review of the safety of all new drugs, as well as banning false therapeutic claims in drug labeling without requiring that the FDA prove fraudulent intent. The law also authorized factory inspections and expanded enforcement powers, set new regulatory standards for foods, and brought cosmetics and therapeutic devices under federal regulatory authority. This law, though extensively amended in subsequent years, remains the central foundation of FDA regulatory authority to the present day.
The 1962 Kefauver-Harris Amendment to the FD&C act represented a "revolution" in FDA regulatory authority. The most important change was the requirement that all new drug applications demonstrate "substantial evidence" of the drug's efficacy for a marketed indication, in addition to the existing requirement for pre-marketing demonstration of safety. This marked the start of the FDA approval process in its modern form. Drugs approved between 1938 and 1962 were also subject to FDA review of their efficacy, and to potential withdrawal from the market. Other important provisions of the 1962 amendments included the requirement that drug companies use the "established" or "generic" name of a drug along with the trade name, the restriction of drug advertising to FDA-approved indications, and expansion of FDA powers to inspect drug manufacturing facilities.
One of the most important statutes in establishing the modern American pharmaceutical market was the 1984 Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act, more commonly known as the "Hatch-Waxman Act" after its chief sponsors. This act was intended to correct two unfortunate interactions between the new regulations mandated by the 1962 amendments, and existing patent law (which is not regulated or enforced by the FDA, but rather by the United States Patent and Trademark Office). Because the additional clinical trials mandated by the 1962 amendments significantly delayed the marketing of new drugs, without extending the duration of the manufacturer's patent, "pioneer" drug manufacturers experienced a decreased period of lucrative market exclusivity. On the other hand, the new regulations could be interpreted to require complete safety and efficacy testing for generic copies of approved drugs, and "pioneer" manufacturers obtained court decisions which prevented generic manufacturers from even beginning the clinical trial process while a drug was still under patent. The Hatch-Waxman Act was intended as a compromise between the "pioneer" and generic drug manufacturers which would reduce the overall cost of bringing generics to market and thus, it was hoped, reduce the long-term price of the drug, while preserving the overall profitability of developing new drugs. The act extended the patent exclusivity terms of new drugs, and importantly tied those extensions, in part, to the length of the FDA approval process for each individual drug. For generic manufacturers, the Act created a new approval mechanism, the Abbreviated New Drug Application (ANDA), in which the generic drug manufacturer need only demonstrate that their generic formulation has the same active ingredient, route of administration, dosage form, strength, and pharmacokinetic properties ("bioequivalence") as the corresponding brand-name drug. This act has been credited with essentially creating the modern generic drug industry.
Partly in response to these criticisms, the FDA issued new rules to expedite approval of drugs for life threatening diseases, and expanded pre-approval access to drugs for patients with limited treatment options. The first of these new rules was the "IND exemption" or "treatment IND" rule, which allowed expanded access to a drug undergoing phase II or III trials (or in extraordinary cases even earlier) if it potentially represented a safer or better alternative to treatments currently available for terminal or serious illness. A second new rule, the "parallel track policy", allowed a drug company to set up a mechanism for access to a new potentially lifesaving drug by patients who for various reasons would be unable to participate in ongoing clinical trials. The "parallel track" designation could be made at the time of IND submission. The accelerated approval rules were further expanded and codified in 1992.
All of the initial drugs approved for the treatment of HIV/AIDS were approved through accelerated approval mechanisms. For example, a "treatment IND" was issued for the first HIV drug, AZT, in 1985, and approval was granted just two years later in 1987. Three of the first five drugs targeting HIV were approved in the United States before they were approved in any other country.
In 2006, a congressionally requested committee was appointed by the Institute of Medicine to review pharmaceutical safety regulation in the U.S. and to issue recommendations for improvements. The committee was composed of 16 experts, including leaders in clinical medicinemedical research, economics, biostatistics, law, public policy, public health, and the allied health professions, as well as current and former executives from the pharmaceutical, hospital, and health insurance industries. The authors found major deficiencies in the current FDA system for ensuring the safety of drugs on the American market. Overall, the authors called for an increase in the regulatory powers, funding, and independence of the FDA. Some of the committee's recommendations have been incorporated into drafts of the PDUFA IV bill which is expected to be passed by Congress in 2007.
An initial attempt by the FDA to address this issue was the 1994 FDA Final Rule on Pediatric Labeling and Extrapolation, which allowed manufacturers to add pediatric labeling information, but required drugs which had not been tested for pediatric safety and efficacy to bear a disclaimer to that effect. However, this rule failed to motivate many drug companies to conduct additional pediatric drug trials. In 1997, the FDA proposed a rule to require pediatric drug trials from the sponsors of New Drug Applications. However, this new rule was successfully preempted in Federal court as exceeding the FDA's statutory authority. While this debate was unfolding, Congress used the 1997 Food and Drug Administration Modernization Act to pass incentives which gave pharmaceutical manufacturers a six-month patent term extension on new drugs submitted with pediatric trial data. The act reauthorizing these provisions, the 2002 Best Pharmaceuticals for Children Act, allowed the FDA to request NIH-sponsored testing for pediatric drug testing, although these requests are subject to NIH funding constraints. Most recently, in the Pediatric Research Equity Act of 2003, Congress codified the FDA's authority to mandate manufacturer-sponsored pediatric drug trials for certain drugs as a "last resort" if incentives and publicly funded mechanisms proved inadequate.
The FDA currently has regulatory oversight over a large array of products that affect the health and life of American citizens. As a result, the FDA's powers and decisions are carefully monitored by several governmental and non-governmental organizations. There are many criticisms and complaints lodged against the FDA from patients, economists, regulatory bodies, and the pharmaceutical industry.
"For debriding non-healing necrotic skin and soft tissue wounds, including pressure ulcers, venous stasis ulcers, neuropathic foot ulcers, and non-healing traumatic or post surgical wounds."
Medical maggots represent the first living organism ever allowed by the Food and Drug Administration for production and marketing as a prescription medical device.
In June 2004, the FDA cleared leeches (Hirudo medicinalis) as the second living organism to be used in modern medicine as medical devices. Surgeons who do plastic and reconstructive surgery find leeches especially valuable when regrafting amputated appendages, such as fingers or toes. Severed veins in such cases often are too damaged or too small to reconnect. In these cases, pooled blood around a wound can threaten tissue survival. The primary function of leeches is to drain the pooled blood and increase the chances of survival of the tissue in reattached appendages.


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I am wondering if there is some sort of connector/device I can use to connect to my iPod/iPhone-connector on my stereo, so that I can use this device as a 'receiving station' for my i-device?
Why? I would like to use my radio as music player for my iPod/iPhone. However, I constantly have to walk and control from the device connected to it, while I think it can be done wirelessly and by means of some sort of connector/dock.
In such a way that I can use my iPod/iPhone as remote - via WiFi - to connect to my stereo set.
Does such a device/connector exist? And which brand?
I can get some SONOS device, but I'm looking for a cheaper alternative.


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NCIS: Los Angeles - Season 1 DVD
$16.99Add to Wish list
You Save: $5.99 26% off
- Additional Details
- Format: DVD
- Rating: Not Rated
- Number of Discs: 6
- Run Time: 1045 Minutes
- Region: 1
- Aspect Ratio: Widescreen
- Studio: Paramount
- DVD Release Date: August 31, 2010
- Subtitles: English
- Audio:
ENGLISH: Dolby Digital 5.1
ENGLISH: Dolby Digital Stereo
FRENCH: Dolby Digital Stereo
- Cast: LL Cool J, Chris O'Donnell, Barrett Foa, Linda Hunt, Daniela Ruah
- Genre: TV Series
- Color: Color
- Includes:
Inspired Television: NCIS: L.A.
The L.A Team: Meet The Cast And Crew
Inside The Inner Sanctum: The Set Tour
Do You Have A Visual? Inside The OPS Center
Lights, Camera...Action! The Stunts Of NCIS: L.A.
CBS Promos
LL Cool J Music Video "No Screw Is Superior"
Spin-Off Episodes From NCIS Season 6
Commentary By Shane Brennan On "Identity"
- Release Date: 2009
NCIS Los Angeles: The Complete First Season DVD
In NCIS Los Angeles Season 1, NCIS moves to Los Angeles where the Office of Special Projects (OSP) is a clandestine division of NCIS. In these NCIS Los Angeles DVDs from season one, the NCIS team goes deep undercover to capture criminals who are threatening national security. These NCIS Los Angeles season one investigators have access to the latest technological developments. The NCIS Los Angeles team includes G Callen, the chameleon; Sam Hanna, Callen's partner and a surveillance expert; Kensi Blye, the adrenalin junkie, and Nate "Doc" Getz, the psychologist who helps the team with their missions and their own mental health. Together with "Hettie" Lange, the woman who manages their special technical equipment, this team will do whatever is necessary to get the job done in these season one NCIS Los Angeles videos.
Buy NCIS Los Angeles Season 1, which offers all the thrilling episodes of the first season for many spellbinding cases involving national security.


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Hey All,
I have a subscription to Mozy Pro and i am just wondering if anyone knows of a NAS Drive which supports it? IE... I can go onto the NAS Drive's Web Interface and log into the Mozy Pro Account and it will directly backup the NAS Drive on a schedule?
It would be brilliant if such a thing existed!
Thanking You x


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Welcome to the HotTubWorks Spa Repair Forums.
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Just letting you know, you have a great website, it gives alot of information. By you explaining the basics about chemicals is wonderful!!! Thank You....


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Midwest Living Review
After a big-screen introduction, this museum takes visitors on a literal walk through time, starting with a dark room lit with stars and the creation of the universe as explained by both a scientist and Native Americans. Ancient fossils, beaded moccasins, saddles and re-created cabins and saloons lead visitors through prehistoric times, the Lakota way of life, the arrival of traders and pioneers, the Wild West, the railroad and the 1972 flood that killed more than 200 people. Dig boxes, coloring stations and interactive exhibits, such as the gunshot that killed Bill Hickock, and halogram narrations inside a teepee keep things lively. This museum is well done and designed for everyone from kids to science and history geeks. You can find your own level. Within an hour, you'll have a good feel for South Dakota. The walk-through time approach works well, too, giving you a feel for how much changes in a single place. Adult admission: $7. Free for kids 10 and under and discounts for seniors and students.


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HGTV designer Alexandra Hutchison shows off the 640-square-foot main floor of her small Toronto house. Learn her tips for creating cohesion from one room to another, adding unexpected pops of colour and designing practical built-in storage.
See more photos of this home in our August 2013 issue.
Design, Alexandra Hutchison, Alexandrahutchison.com; Campagnolo, (416) 364-4785 or Campagnolotoronto.com.
Living room: Sofa upholstery, Re-Wrap Custom Upholstery, (416) 214-6400 or Rewrap.ca; linen drapes, Pottery Barn, Potterybarn.ca; wooden chair, The Other Five Design Group, Theotherfive.ca; Danish chair and footstool, Arcadia Antiques, (416) 534-0348 or Arcadiaantiques.ca; fabric and upholstery by Clarence House (on Danish chair and footstool), Department of Interiors, (416) 322-7277; throw pillows, Hollace Cluny, (416) 968-7894 or Hollacecluny.ca; storyboard artwork by Jörgen Fogelqvist, Eclectic Gallery, (250) 590-8095 or Eclecticgallery.ca; ceiling colour, Hawaiian Sky (UL230-7), Behr, Behr.com; vintage cane table, Kay's Korner, (250) 386-5978; lamp, goldstar, Union Lighting & Furnishings, Unionlf.com; marble sphere, Eclectic Gallery, as above; vintage lamp, Guff Furniture, (416) 913-8025; artwork by Margaret Rankin, Magprint.etsy.com; frames, Pottery Barn, as above; brass bird by Jonathan Adler, Kay's Korner, (250) 386-5978; Carrara marble tabletop, Latitude, (416) 638-8586 or Latitudeonline.ca.
Dining space: Vintage chairs, Guff Furniture, as above; light fixture, Morba, (416) 364-5144 or Morba.myshopify.com; 2 Queens by Dessa Harhay, Dessaharhay.com; flooring, Carpet Villa, Carpetvilla.ca; wall colour, Prism White (30YY 71/073), Dulux, Dulux.ca; carpentry, Lorin Bussan, firstname.lastname@example.com.
Kitchen: Architect Series range, KitchenAid, Kitchenaid.ca; other appliances, Tasco Distributors, Tasco.net; travertine tiles (backsplash), Marble Granite Depot, (416) 787-0391; Silestone quartz countertops in Haiku, Latitude, as above; hardware, Richelieu Hardware, Richelieu.com; braising pot, Le Creuset, Lecreuset.ca; Karma light by Nuevo Living, Morba, as above.
Front hall: Jugs, candlesticks, decorative sphere, West Elm, Westelm.com.
Principal bedroom: Headboard, chevron pillow, HomeSense, 1-800-646-9466 or Homesense.ca; coverlet, Garnet Hill, Garnethill.com; bedspread (folded), drapes, rust pillows, Pottery Barn, as above; lamp, Arcadia Antiques, as above; light, Union Lighting & Furnishings, as above; mirror, Crate & Barrel, 1-888-657-4108 or Crateandbarrel.ca; artwork (bottom), The Door Store, (416) 863-1590 or Thedoorstore.ca.


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"Instead of humanity having developed morality from scratch, by means of its superior intellect, things may well have started simpler. In our fellow primates, we already recognize many of the tendencies that gave rise to the moral emotions. Dale Peterson does an excellent and engaging job explaining how the one may have led to the other. In doing so, he places us closer to other animals than many a moral philosopher would ever admit."—Frans de Waal, author of The Age of Empathy
"The Moral Lives of Animals is without question the most fascinating book I've read in many, many years—a marvelously written page-turner about an important subject which until now has received little if any attention. Well, all that has changed. I can think of no other work that so clearly depicts our place in the animal kingdom, showing as it does how the forces of society work on other species much as they do on ours. The large number of stories that make this point are riveting. Everything in the book is riveting. You will read it with your hair on end and your eyes wide, just like some of the animal subjects herein when faced with an intense situation. There's a special place in the hearts of many of us for books that express the 'one-ness' of life on earth, and this book tops them all."—Elizabeth Marshall Thomas, author of The Hidden Life of Dogs
"The Moral Lives of Animals is a breathtaking tour-de-force of enormous scope and deep importance. Filled with vivid and compelling stories, backed by numerous scientific studies, these pages should change the way we look at the workings of the hearts and minds of other speciesas well as our own. Every literate human on earth should read it."—Sy Montgomery, author of The Good, Good Pig and Birdology
"The Moral Lives of Animals is a most-welcomed discussion of a complex and controversial question—are nonhuman animals moral beings whose lives are regulated by social codes of conduct and who know right from wrong? Renowned author Dale Peterson takes us on a wide-ranging discussion of a wide variety of animals who clearly show that they know what's expected of them in various social situations and what they're supposed to do so that they're accepted into their society and their social groups can run smoothly. Packed with good stories and scientific data, and grounded in sound evolutionary theory, this book provides a convincing argument that animals have rich moral lives that remind of us of our own. It will change the way in which 'mere animals' are viewed and open our eyes to who these beings truly are."—Marc Bekoff, University of Colorado professor emeritus, author of The Emotional Lives of Animals; Wild Justice: The Moral Lives of Animals; and The Animal Manifesto: Six Reasons for Expanding our Compassion Footprint
"This is a book that could actually change readers' assumptions, opinions and beliefs about the differences between Homo sapiens and other animals…Peterson traces an ambitious and exciting arc between gender relations, hierarchal authoritarian structures, ownership and displays of affiliation, and proposes that we have veered from Darwin's findings that we are not unique, and that our fellow creatures have much higher order of feelings then we might be comfortable with. Sharing fascinating anecdotes about elephants, whales and primates, Peterson highlights the unity rather than diversity of social structures around sharing food, intimacy, competition for resources, grooming, mourning and dominance. A thorough and sophisticated book, yet accessible and enjoyable even for those with little previous exposure to the topic."—Kirkus
"As he breaks down moral issues of behavior into larger issues such as authority, possession, cooperation, flexibility and peace, Peterson gives examples from scientific studies of animal behavior that demonstrate the moral "rule" in question. Species range from fireflies to bonobos, but all illustrate moral behavior and all show us that we are not alone in possessing a moral code."—Booklist
"For people who think that humans are the only species to live with any kind of morality, Peterson's book might be a game-changer. The Moral Lives of Animals is a thoroughly interesting read."—Treehugger
"Cooperative hyenas, scorekeeping impalas, heroic rats—humans are not the only creatures with a code of ethics. Dale Peterson of Tufts University argues that animals across many species exhibit behaviors that reveal evolutionary continuity between us and them. The rules and values Homo sapiens shares with other species provide a basis for Peterson to speculate about the future of our relationship with our fellow fauna."—Scientific American "Recommended Books" column
"This isn't another book about the splendor of the animal kingdom and how much we have to learn from the blessed beasts. Dredging through numerous studies and directly observing animal behavior, Peterson takes a more epistemological approach … Peterson's examples are often short stories in themselves, and it's not as though all this talk of morality means the animal kingdom is full of goodly souls. He uses fireflies to demonstrate how animals employ deceit, and the opening image of an elephant silently stalking her human prey makes Moby Dick seem as if he's having a bad day. Peterson's book also serves as a fine text on moral theory, why we ascribe moral value to a variety of actions. But because it's about elephants, foxes and especially bonobos, it's a lot more fun than that sounds."—Time Out Chicago "This book challenges readers to absorb new information in an area unfamiliar to most. It is definitely worth the effort and is highly recommended."—Library Journal "Well written, well researched, and forward looking … The Moral Lives of Animals is eye opening, original, wide-ranging, and ambitious book … Peterson's book gives us a wealth of new and powerfully original ideas for future research and debate."—Orion "[Peterson's] skills as a chronicler of animal goings on are highly developed."—American Scholar "Mr. Peterson does develop a provocative case for the existence of a broadly shared evolutionary imperative that under pins human moral instincts … It is hard to argue with his proposition that the powerful emotional saliency moral issues have for us, and their connection to serious matters of social organization and conflict—sex, territory, possessions, reciprocity, kinship—point to a hard-wired evolutionary adaptation of group-dwelling animals."—Wall Street Journal "[Peterson's] arguments are lucid and his writing is compellingly based upon decades of research and observation. Told in a loose anecdotal style, with plenty of thought-provoking details, The Moral Lives of Animals is likely to have you reconsidering your relationship with Fido or Mouser … propelling the book is Peterson's gift for graceful, illustrative expression…This is a very serious book, one in which serious ideas are explored thoughtfully but also in a style accessible to the interested non-specialist. As for why anyone should be interested—well, many of us share our lives with animals every day. Even those of who do not, nonetheless share the planet with them."—Popmatters.com "A thought-provoking read that glimpses into the minds and behaviors of mammals."—Scientific American Mind


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By NATHAN GREGORY
email@example.com [2]
Starkville Police Department confirmed Dennis Martell Thompson turned himself in to authorities at approximately 5 p.m. Wednesday just hours after SPD issued a release announcing a warrant for his arrest on an aggravated assault charge.
He is being held on a $100,000 bond.
According to the release, SPD began searching for Thompson after a shooting incident in which he was allegedly involved Tuesday night at Yellow Jacket Mobile Home Park on 903 1/2 Louisville St.
At the time the release was issued, authorities said Thompson was considered armed and dangerous.
SPD Detective William Durr said officers arrived at the location at approximately 6 p.m. Tuesday to find that a victim had been shot once. The victim is currently in stable condition and is expected to recover, Durr said.
Durr would not comment on how many gunshots were fired or what type gun Thompson allegedly used due to the ongoing nature of the investigation. He also could not release information on where Thompson was last seen.
Thompson is out on bond from a murder charge and three counts of aggravated assault stemming from an incident in May 2010 in which one person, 25-year-old Starkville resident Curtis "C.K." Randle, was fatally shot and three others were wounded. Thompson was accused at the time of firing shots from a .40-caliber handgun into a crowd leaving a Starkville High School after-graduation party outside a Douglas Conner Drive venue.
Municipal Court affidavits charging Thompson with Randle's murder and the three cases of aggravated assault state he confessed to the shootings in a statement.
[1] http://starkvilledailynews.com/sites/default/files/Dennis Martell Nucey Thompson_0.jpg
[2] mailto:firstname.lastname@example.com